With these assumptions, problem of estimating the arrival angle of a plane wave at linear array is analogous to that encountered in spectral analysis. The well known applicable methods are maximum likelihood estimation [l], adaptive arrays [ 2 ] , maximum entropy estimation [3], and wavenumber spectral estimation [4]. This paper aims to give a straightforward real-time treatment of this estimation problem. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm is employed. A chirp z-transform (CZT) algorithm and employment of two frequencies are suggested to improve the system resolution. The incident signals arriving from direction 0 are received by N (even) nondirectional, point sensors arranged along a straight line. If the acoustic pressure received by each sensor is simultaneously sampled at time t = t o and the samples are subjected to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), we obtain the power-normalized beam pattern given by [5]


Abstract We construct a uniformly bounded orthonormal almost greedy basis for the variable exponent Lebesgue spaces 𝐿𝑝(·)([0, 1]), 1 < 𝑝– ≤ 𝑝+ ≤ 2 (or 2 ≤ 𝑝– ≤ 𝑝+ < ∞), when the diadic Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on these spaces.


The paper considers the specific features of spatial accumulation of organic matter by the ground cover and forest litter in middle-aged pine forests of different types on the territory of the central part of the Kola peninsula (Russia). The main characteristics and peculiarities of biomass accumulation by the components (dwarf-shrubs, mosses, lichens) of the ground cover have been revealed, as well as the specific features of plant waste and forest litter in pine ecosystems in terms of ecotope humidification extent. Upon transition from lichen pine woodlands, occupying the driest habitat, to green-moss type pine forests saturated with moisture to the greatest extent of all considered types of forests, the stock of aboveground and underground biomass of the ground cover increases, their biomass structure changes, along with increment in thickness and biomass of the forest litter. The biomass of mosses and lichens exceeds the stock of aboveground biomass of plants with the root strategy of mineral nutrition (dwarf-shrubs) in all explored types of pine forests. The estimation of the biomass stock of components of ground cover, plant waste and forest litter in different types of microsites (near-tree-trunk, under-tree-crown and between-tree-crowns) has made it possible to reveal heterogeneity of distribution of the organic matter over the area of biogeocoenoses. The maximum differences in the stock of biomass of the ground cover components are observed in the lichen pine woodland, which apparently is caused by the utmost-contrasting hydrothermal conditions of the habitats. The most levelled spatial distribution of the organic matter is registered in the greenmoss type of pine forest where optimal ecotope conditions for green mosses and dwarf-shrubs are formed.


This research is designed to measure the reasons of the gap (miss-fit) between the outcome characteristics of the private higher education and the job requirements in the private sector in Egypt. Specifically, the reasons related to the community and the graduates themselves are analysed, investigated and discussed. The exploratory research has shown that the reasons related to the Egyptian community are summarized in the Egyptian society's perspective towards private higher education. Where the reasons related to the graduates are summarized in the benefits of the private higher education to its graduates. For the reasons related to the community, the researchers found that the preference of some majors, the vision of the community as regards universities, and the vision of the community concerning scientific research are confirmed to be causes of the gap from the academic staff members' and businessmen's points of view. For the reasons related to the graduates, we found that the qualifications of the graduates for the practical life and the benefits from their study are confirmed to be causes of the gap. Consequently, the researchers can conclude that t he society's perspective of the private higher education and the benefits of the private higher education to its graduates affect the gap between the outcome characteristics of the private higher education and job requirements in the private sector in Egypt. Keywords: private higher education, education outcome, private sector in Egypt DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/62-06 Publication date: March 31 st 2020


An investigation was made of the radiation-optical stability of SiO2:GeO2–SiO2 and SiO2–SiO2:B2O3 glassfiber waveguides. The induced absorption spectra in the 0.45–1.75 μ wavelength range were obtained by altering the gamma-radiation dose between 103 and 108 rad. An investigation was made of the growth kinetics of the induced absorption of the waveguides during gamma irradiation and of the induced absorption decay kinetics after irradiation.


With the rapid development of modern science and technology,CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) technology has been introduced and widely applied to traditional machines,industrial robot,auto industry,coal mining and so on and the technology itself has quickly developed towards software modular system.


Objective: This descriptive cross sectional study examined the existing pattern of hospital physicians' drugs prescription adherence to the Essential Drugs List of Bangladesh. Background: The problem of hospital physicians' drug prescription non-adherence to the Essential Drug List of Bangladesh is a considerable issue. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at outpatient departments of multiple health facilities of different levels: primary to tertiary A total of 920 patients were interviewed and their treatment profiles were examined. Results: The most commonly prescribed drugs were paracetamol, chlorpheniramine, vitamin B complex, amoxicillin, antacid, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. A notable proportion of prescribed drugs (20.8%) was not in the Essential Drugs List of Bangladesh. Conclusion: Non-adherence to the Essential Drug List reflects that the existing Essential Drugs List of Bangladesh is not comprehensive enough to serve the peoples' needs and demands at large.


The central refrigerating system of central air-conditioning is commonly adopted in residential districts currently.However,the noise from the cooling tower of the system is a serious polluting source.In this paper,the noise from the cooling tower of a central air-conditioning unit in a certain residential district is tested,and the characteristics of the noise are analyzed,and then some corresponding control measures are put forward and implemented.Practical controlling effects are measured.The noise radiating from the cooling tower has been reduced by over 10 dB and the previously polluted area has met the district standard of class II.


Introduction

My book Hidden Innovation (2013/4) was dedicated to the proposition that the innovation framework offers the best opportunity in decades to refresh the case for the public role of the humanities, particularly the media, cultural and communication studies disciplines.

The book points out that the term "two cultures" was coined more than fifty years ago by scientist and novelist C. P. Snow to describe the divergence in the worldviews and methods of scientists and the creative sector. This
divergence has meant that innovation systems and policies have focused for decades on science, engineering, technology and mathematics, and the industries that depend on them. The humanities, arts, and social sciences have been bit players at best; their contributions hidden from research agendas, policy and program initiatives, and the public mind.

But structural changes to advanced economies and societies have brought services industries and the creative sector to greater prominence as key contributors to innovation. Hidden Innovation traced the way innovation occurs through new forms of screen production enabled by social media
platforms as well as in public broadcasting. It showed that creative workers are contributing fresh ideas across the economy and how creative cities debates need reframing. It traced how policies globally are beginning to catch up with the changing social and economic realities.


I was walking by a 99cent store just before Thanksgiving, November 2016. Two white, middle aged shoppers who had just left the store were talking outside with one another. They were very worried about the election results and what would be the effect on them for the next 4 years – their health insurance, Social Security and other benefits. A little further along I was approached by a person asking me to sign a petition, known as Calexit, for California to secede from the United States. These incidents made me consider the effects of the recent presidential election on the thoughts and feelings of people around me, ranging from fear and loss to defiance to joy. It is not unusual for a presidential election to affect the feelings of citizens. In 2009, Kendrick and colleagues wrote about the reaction of African Americans to the election of Barack Obama: "We believe this historic election may cause a rippling effect where African Americans no longer suffer silently believing that 'depression is a fact of life.' Instead we hope to see more young African American men walking the streets of this nation with their heads held high with pride" (p. 588). The current election brought joy to many and depression and fear to more. And where I live a certain attitude of defiance. For over half the voters in this election, their candidate lost. In California the loss seems even greater: over 61% voted for the candidate that lost. The issues they voted for seemed to them to be lost also: health care insurance, the environment, the Supreme Court appointment(s), immigration reform, and social issues like the role of women, gays, minorities in our society. In addition to loss there was a great deal of fear associated with the election results: fear of losing health insurance, fear of being deported, fear of renewed discrimination, and generalized anxiety. This seems like a good time to address losses and fears and how to deal with them. With letters to the editor leading the way, newspapers began to focus on how to deal with loss. Many


Two possible terminal metallo-oxidases have been found in barley, ascorbic oxidase by James and Cragg (14) and cytochrome oxidase by Merry and Goddard (23). Studies on the intracellular distribution of various ascorbic oxidases by Mandels (21) and Newcomb (25) indicated that the enzymes are localized at the surface. Newcomb (25) has shown that in many higher plants ascorbic oxidase is attached to or situated near the cell wall. According to the reviews of Goddard and Meeuse (7) and Goddard and Stafford (8), cyto- chrome oxidase is localized in the mitochondria. ascorbic and cytochrome oxidase by their intracellular monoxide. Moore roots were homogenized in water and yielded a 22.5 MM N/ml gross homogenate. Activities of the 8-day-old homogenate (Expt. R-174) were tested at final pH 5.8 to 5.9 and 200 C. Substrate in 2.0 ml final volume was ascorbic acid, 1.0 x 10-2 M. Additional reagents were maleic acid, 2.2 x10-2 M; and TRIS, 2.4 x 10-2 M. Gas mixtures were air, N2 90 + 02 10%r/. and CO 90%±c+ R-176) were tested at 25° C. Substrate in 1.5 ml final volume was ascorbic acid, 2.3 x 10-2 M. Additional reagents were cyt c, 1.0 x 10" M; and TRIS-maleate buffer ranging from 1.23 to 1.99 x 10' M TRIS and 3.6 to 10.0 x 10-2 M maleic acid.


Fabry disease is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder with heterogeneous clinical expression in female patients ranging from asymptomatic to severe clinical presentations as in classic males. We assessed clinical profiles and compared natural history data of female patients eventually initiated on enzyme replacement therapy ("ERT‐recipients") with those remaining untreated ("ERT‐naïve").


Deep learning compiler becomes necessary with the active research on AI hardware. This work compiles PyTorch models into target hardware codes using MLIR framework. The compiler first constructs a graph from the PyTorch model using TorchScript tracing. To construct the graph, our domain-specific parser generates an abstract syntax tree using tokens generated from the lexer. Then, the graph IR (GIR) is built and lowered into the kernel IR (KIR) and the processor IR (PIR) in MLIR framework. PIR becomes the input of the backed compiler that generates target machine codes. Experimental result shows that AIWareK compiled ResNet18 in 7.67 seconds, yielding 1.16e-03 mean absolute error.


Mechanically stimulating the dorsal lumbar region inhibits locomotion and reduces weight support during standing in rabbits and cats. However, how this inhibitory effect from the lumbar skin is mediated is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of mechanically stimulating (vibration, pinch) the dorsal lumbar region on short-latency (9 - 13 ms onset) cutaneous reflex responses, evoked by electrically stimulating the superficial peroneal or distal tibial nerves, in 7 adult cats with a low thoracic spinal transection (spinal cats). Cutaneous reflexes were evoked before, during and after mechanical stimulation of the dorsal lumbar region. We found that mechanically stimulating the lumbar region by vibration or manual pinch abolished alternating bursts of activity between flexors and extensors initiated by nerve stimulation. The activity of extensor muscles was abolished bilaterally whereas the activity of some ipsilateral flexor muscles was sustained during vibration/pinch. Mechanically stimulating the lumbar region increased ipsilateral and contralateral short-latency excitatory responses evoked by cutaneous inputs, a phenomenon that was generalized to muscles crossing different joints and located in different limbs. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effect on locomotion and weight support is not mediated by reducing cutaneous reflex gain and instead points to an inhibition of central pattern generating circuitry, particularly the extensor component. The results provide greater insight into interactions between different types of somatosensory inputs within spinal motor circuits.


The widespread ancient belief in the deleterious powers of the eye as reflected in Sumerian literature has been largely neglected in recent research. It has even been suggested that the belief system, though common in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East, was foreign to the ancient Sumerians. While Thomsen suggested that the evil eye was limited to humans, other scholars have argued that the evil eye was only associated with divinities in Sumerian literature. This study focuses on the conceptual content of linguistic expressions relating to the eye of humans, animals, and demons in order to demonstrate that much can still be learned about this complex belief system as it existed in ancient Mesopotamia when conceptual metaphors and metonymies for the evil eye are also taken into account.


Objective To evaluate corneal topographic changes after excision of pterygia.Methods Using the corneal topography analysis system,changes in topographic parameters and best corrected visual acuity were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after the surgical removal of pterygia in 56 eyes.Results Topographic astigmatism was(5.14 ±3.12)D before surgery and(3.19 ± 2.44)D after surgery(P 0.001).Clinical astigmatism was(1.91 ± 0.64)D before surgery and(1.12 ±0.71)D after surgery(P 0.05).Corneal curvature at the central optic zone was(42.94±3.13)D before surgery and(44.72±2.94)D after surgery(P0.05).The distance between the apex of the cornea and the optic center was(1.17 ± 1.26)mm before surgery and(0.64±0.41)mm after surgery(P0.05).The shape factor(SF) was 0.53±0.17 before surgery and 0.31±0.14 after surgery(P0.05).The corneal irregularity measurement(CIM) was 3.29±1.35 before surgery and 2.01±1.04 after surgery(P0.05).Best corrected visual acuity was 4.73±0.31 before surgery and 4.92± 0.29 after surgery(P0.05).Conclusion Surgical excision can significantly improve induced abnormal corneal topographic changes and reduce corneal astigmatism from pterygia.


This article presents a research project which aims to examine error management in emergency medical assistance, placing it within the broader framework of risk management. The data mainly come from the activity of operators at an emergency call desk who deal with requests for emergency medical care and decide what type of assistance to send to victims. The results show that operators make errors, particularly violations. The operators tolerate these violations and many errors are left undetected. Most of the errors that are detected are not rectified by the operators themselves, but mostly by third parties. Any protection put in place against errors, particularly against any risks, was observed. Despite the errors, the system was considered safe, at least during the observed period. Error and violation management has its place in risk management activity. The discussion attempts to model this activity, which is based on trade-offs between security objectives (managing external and internal risks that could lead to the death of casualties due to lack of adequate assistance) and economic objectives (limitation of system costs associated with the implementation of unnecessary or excessive assistance). Arbitration tends to be for the benefit of safety and the objective is not to optimize assistance sent to individual victims but rather to provide assistance to all victims. Arbitration in favour of security is revealed through three main activity characteristics: 1) in the medium-term, protection against errors and especially against risks, aimed at avoiding the most dreaded events and to anticipate unwanted events depending on the evolution of the situation (first safety net); 2) in the short-term, production (and tolerance) of violations that occur as risks taken (accepted) to improve target performance; and 3) recovery of errors or violations (or consequences) not managed by the operators themselves, but instead left to others (second safety net). The discussion also opens perspectives on approaches to security which focus on the situation under study.


In this study, a third-order linear integro-differential equation with a small parameter at two higher derivatives was considered. An asymptotic expansion of the solution to the boundary value problem for the considered equation is constructed by considering the phenomenon of an initial jump of the second degree zeroth order on the left end of a given segment. The asymptotics of the solution has been sought in the form of a sum of the regular part and the part of the boundary layer. The terms of the regular part are defined as solutions of integro-differential boundary value problems, in which the equations and boundary conditions contain additional terms, called the initial jumps of the integral terms and solutions. Boundary layer terms are defined as solutions of third-order differential equations with initial conditions. A theorem on the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic representation of a solution is presented along with an asymptotic estimate of the remainder term of the asymptotics. The purpose of this study is to construct a uniform asymptotic approximation to the solution to the original boundary value problem over the entire considered segment.


Ultrasonic measurements have indicated that there are possible structural changes near 250 K, 160 K and just above Tc in the high-Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-Nb-O systems, which were confirmed to be first-order-like phase transitions by thermal analysis (DSC) results. It is suggested that the heavily suppressed pre-superconducting transition, which provides the lattice instability and the soft phonon modes, gives rise to the high Tc.


This paper documents the experiences of a researcher offered unlimited, privileged access to the archive of a recent, contemporary, charismatic social reformer based in Naples, who was also at the head of an international fundraising network. It documents, first, the unintended consequences of embarking on a research project on the basis of an informal friendly understanding between researcher and researched. It then comments on particular, practical features of this research undertaking, before focusing upon the major ethical dilemmas it presented. The author concludes by offering advice to future archival researchers in the light of her memorable experience in this case.


INTRODUCTION: Brain tumor patients have limited survival and suffer from high morbidity requiring specific symptom management. Specialized palliative care (PC) services have been developed to address these symptoms and provide end of life management for patients with such malignancies. Global utilization patterns of PC in neuro-oncology are unknown. METHODS: In a collaborative effort of the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) and the Asian Society of Neuro-Oncology (ASNO), a 22 question survey was distributed to members. An additional paper copy was distributed at the SNO meeting quality of life session (2012) and the ASNO meeting (2013). Only physician responses are included in this report. Nonparametric methods including Wilcoxon two sample and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess differences in responses. Demographic information included academic degree, specialty, formal training in neuro-oncology and PC, practice patterns and geographic locations. RESULTS: 487 evaluable responses were received (Asia-Oceania (AO) 234, Europe 74, US 179). AO providers received more formal training in PC than European physicians (p = 0.0377). Provider in all 3 regions agreed on referring patients at the onset of symptoms requiring palliation, but responders from AO refer a larger total proportion of patients to PC than provider in Europe (p <0.001). US respondents were less likely to utilize PC at the point of disease onset than providers in AO (p = 0065). US provider felt more comfortable dealing with end of life issues than AO physicians (p <0.001), but more patients were referred to formal hospice care in the US than in Europe or AO (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: This is the first report describing global differences of PC utilization in neuro-oncology. Significant differences in provider training, culture, access and utilization were mainly found between AO and the US or AO and Europe. PC patterns are more similar in Europe and the US.


For multi-domain coupling and rapid system-level modeling and simulation of MEMS,a method based on Modelica and Dymola for modeling and simulation of micro electrostatic comb-drive resonator is proposed.And the non-causal modeling method and process with Modelica and Dymola are analysed.Then a non-causal model with Modelica is created based on the original equations of electromechanical coupled model of resonator and is simulated on Dymola.The results of numerical simulation and theoretical assessment show good agree and indicate that modeling process with Modelica is easy,fast and accurate and Modelica is effectively applied to multi-domain modeling and simulation of MEMS.


Presentation of Case First admission. A seventy-nine-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea and vomiting. One year previously she began to experience upper abdominal pain, vomiting and postprandial diarrhea, accompanied by anorexia and weight loss. An upper gastrointestinal series showed a pyloric ulcer, which healed with medical treatment. Ten weeks before admission vomiting and abdominal pain recurred. An attempted upper gastrointestinal series was unsuccessful. An exploratory laparotomy at another hospital disclosed adhesions in the region of the pylorus, and a gastrojejunostomy was performed. Thereafter she remained well until two weeks before entry, when watery diarrhea developed, . . .


The materials showing great reversible deformations (hyperelastic ones) namely noncompressible elastomers and compressible polyurethane foams were subjects of investigations. The behavior of these materials at compression has been modeled. Polynomial models were used for the description of elastomers while Ogden's models of various orders were applied to describe the foams. Calculations results were verified experimentally (Fig. 1-4). Additionally, several functional properties of the materials were evaluated from the point of view of their applications: elastomers differing in ratios of rigid (S) and elastic (G) segments (S/G = 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75) as shimmy dumpers (Fig. 5-7, Table 1 and 2) and soft foams applied for car seats' construction (Fig. 8 and 9). The characteristics of materials consisted of glass transition temperature of elastomers (important when applied at low temperature), their resilience, hardness and abrasive wear as well as, for soft foams, also compression modulus and damping capacity.


• Industry Engagement Model • It is an agile approach to engagement for ensuring the partnership between academia and industry. • Partnerships between academia and industry continue to be based upon the creation, refinement, and assessment of the inputs, processes, and outputs to create benchmarks for success (O'Sullivan and Stewart, 2010). • Agility also helps academia stay within the range of industry accomplishments as well. • Course Objectives • Enduring Understandings: The instructional goals for this course are presented as enduring understandings of the 'big ideas' that are essential to the field of lean manufacturing: • Students will understand basic lean principles of waste, continuous improvement, and modern manufacturing system. • Students will be able to complete a basic continuous improvement project utilizing lean thinking ideas and tools. • Students will understand principles to lead or support an organizational effort to implement lean enterprise strategies.


In order to enhance college EFL learners' effective oral English competence,CBI is applied to college spoken English teaching by instructing the learners' in presentation skills.The present study recruited two second-year college English classes(one experimental group and one control)in a one-school-year experimental teaching.The results indicated that presentation skill training is an effective means to improve EFL learners' spoken English proficiency,and the learners welcome this practical spoken English training.This study confirmed that CBI in EFL teaching does not apply to lower intermediate learners.


Objective: This evaluation examined the effectiveness and cultural compatibility of a community health worker (CHW) training programme on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Haiti. Design: Mixed-methods including pre- and post-course tests of WASH knowledge, focus group discussions and semi-structured observation. Setting: Haiti is among the world's most underdeveloped nations for WASH infrastructure. In rural areas of the country, fewer than half of households have access to clean water and 22% have adequate sanitation facilities. The study evaluated a 'train-the-trainer' programme in rural southeast Haiti. Methods: Participants were 22 CHW supervisors responsible for training and monitoring the work of rural junior health agents (JHAs). The training programme was delivered by international trainers and consisted of 1 week of classroom training and 1 week of community-based experiential learning. Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess changes in knowledge, and robust qualitative methods were used to analyse focus group discussion and observation data. Results: Participants showed statistically significant improvement in WASH knowledge from pre- to post-test. In experiential supervisor-led training sessions, participants effectively conveyed course content to JHAs, and successful home visits demonstrated the potential for content to reach community members. The programme would benefit from providing educational materials to enhance dissemination. Participants expressed dissatisfaction with translations of course content and requested more frequent training, more emphasis on leadership development and specific content areas for future training. Conclusion: The CHW training programme enhanced trainees' WASH knowledge and capacity to educate JHAs to disseminate the knowledge to local residents. The train-the-trainer model offers a cost-effective strategy for building local capacity for health education.


Kazan Province, ownership of serfs, nobility, General Land Surveying, lan-downers' peasants, serfs. The article analyzes the economic notes and descriptions of dachas given in the materials of the General Land Surveying conducted in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries in the Kazan province. Based on the archival materials, the authors make an attempt at differentiating the Kazan nobility depending on the number of serfs they owned. In this regard, they distinguish the following groups of the nobles: small holders are the owners of 1 up to 100 serfs; middle holders are di-vided into two subgroups: the first subgroup includes the owners of 101 up to 200 serfs and the second – of 201 up to 500 serfs; the third group includes big holders, and it is divided into three subgroups: the first subgroup is made up by the owners of 501 up to 1000 serfs, the second – the owners of 1001 up to 5000 serfs and the third – the owners of 5001 and more serfs.The authors have made a statistical analysis of the quantitative data given in the economic notes of the Gen-eral Land Surveying in relation to the Kazan province nobility and their serfs. The economic notes are a valuable historical source, which is difficult to work on due to its voluminosity and the diver-sity of the data it includes. The criterion the researchers selected for determining the types of the ruling class revealed the regional peculiaritiy concerning the provision of the serfs for the lan-downers. The sources used by the authors while writing the paper suggest the Kazan province saw the predominance of the gentry, as well as high concentration of serfs in the hands of middle and big landlowners. The article presents the results of studying three types of nobility. The pre-valence of small holders in the Kazan Volga region was the result of the land policy the tsarist government pursued in the previous two centuries.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the work environment, leadership style and organizational culture on job satisfaction and its implication toward the performance of the employees.,The research population was the whole 642 employees of Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. The amount of the samples was determined with the formula of Slovin, and the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) sample consideration was equal to 200 employees. As many as 179 questionnaires were returned and sent for analysis. Proportionate stratified sampling was used for the sampling technique, and sample elements were determined by accidental sampling method. The analytical method used in this study was descriptive statistics and SEM–Partial Least Square with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) Statistics 22.0 software and WarpPLS 3.0 program.,The results show that work environment, leadership style and organizational culture have a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction, but only the leadership style has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance. Job satisfaction does not give a significant and positive effect on employee performance and it is not a mediating variable.,As indicated by the findings, the role of leaders in hotel industry, in this case general manager (gm), is of importance. Without a high-quality gm, job satisfaction and organizational culture will not be achieved.


Internal review is a process whereby an administrative organization reconsiders its own decisions. The rationales typically offered for internal review are that it provides a means of challenging administrative decisions which is more accessible, quicker, and more cost-effective than external remedies such as appeals to tribunal and judicial review, and encourages improvement in the quality of initial decision-making in public administration. This chapter reviews the use made of internal review and evaluates the performance of several existing systems of internal review, concluding that they have failed to deliver the benefits claimed for them. Possible reasons for this failure are discussed and suggestions made as to what is required for internal review systems to achieve the aims to providing effective remedies for bad decisions and to contributing to improving initial decision-making.


Copper catalyzed oxidation of N-aryl amines provide iminium ion intermediates which undergo [4 + 2] cycloaddition with various dienophiles to give polycyclic amines.


Objective: To investigate the effect of appropriate fluid infusion method at anhepatic phase in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) operation without venovenous by pass (VVB) in swine. Methods: A simplified OLTx technique without VVB in pigs was developed. 15 OLTx were performed between pairs of Guangxi BAMA miniature swines (aged 3-6months, weighted 8-11Kg). The animals were divided into 2 groups. Group 1( n =10) received controlled fluid infusion and group 2 ( n =5) received non-controlled fluid infusion. During the anhepatic phase, hemodynamic was observed. Results: In group 1, mean arterial pressure (MAP) once decreased to (4.5±1.58) kPa during anhepatic phase, but after reperfusion, the hemodynamic status recvered promptly and became stable gradually. 90% (9/10) of these animals survived for more than 1 week. In group 2, during the anhepatic phase, MAP was normal, but serious acute pulmonary edema was developed after operation and non animal survived for 1 week. Conlusions: At anhepatic phase in OLTx operation without VVB, quick or large amount fluid infusion should be avoided. It is more appropriate and feasible to keep the arterial BP to a lower than normal level when fluid infused at anhepatic phase.


Aim of the study. The present study attempted to find out class II - HLA alleles in a group of children with diabetogenic risk. Material and method. The studied lot included 38 children (aged 3 months - 18 years) grouped as follows: group A = 32 children (siblings of type 1 DM kids), group B = 5 children followed-up for impaired fasting glucose, group C = one 3 months old infant of a diabetic mother. We determined the anthropometric indexes (weight, height, waist) and, biologically, we evaluated the glucidic metabolism through fasting glycemia and HbA1c and the metabolism of lipids through serum lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and HDLc. In the same time we determined the markers of humoral autoimmunity by measuring the: titre of antiglutamic acid decarboxilase antibodies (GADA) and the islet cell antibodies (ICA). Of the metabolic markers we used the evaluation of C peptid concentration (normal ranges between 0,5–3 ng/ml). Class II HLA alleles were typed in 20 patients from this subgroup. HLA typing used INNO-LIPA HLA-B DRB1 tests for the allele group between DRB1*01 and DRB1*16. For the interpretation of the results we used the "Dynal Biotech pattern Matching Program S42" soft. Results. In the studied lot, typing of class II HLA alleles revealed that of the 20 subjects evaluated, 25% were DRB1*04 while 15% were DRB1*03. In all typed cases serum C peptide and also the glycated hemoglobin ranged between normal limits. Conclusions. Genetic predisposition represents the backgroud for the development of the autoimmune beta-cell destructive process, but the occurence of type 1 DM requires also the involvement of some trigger factors which are often hardly to distiguish.


Pulsatile blood flow through both axisymmetric and asymmetric stenotic vessels has been analyzed numerically using the Cosserat continuum to study the possibility of cell damages in it. Transition to turbulence damages the wall and blood cells by two different mechanisms: high viscous shear stresses near the wall and vorticities with Kolmogorov length scale. In the present work, the model of micropolar fluid flow has been introduced to describe the characteristic length of flow particles, model the laminar, transition and turbulent regimes with Stokes layer formation in pulsatile cycle of blood flow, and calculate the Kolmogorov microscale of eddies and the additional shear stress that is produced by the microrotation viscosity of particles in real flow. The model of pulsatile micropolar fluid flow through axisymmetric (two-dimensional) and asymmetric (three-dimensional) stenosed arteries has been solved numerically using finite difference scheme by exploiting a mesh generation technique with a few transformations that lead to a rectangular grid in the computational plane. The governing equations of the two-dimensional model have been solved with stream function-microrotation method and the high shear stresses have been obtained about 70% smaller than the three-dimensional models with similar obstruction percent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


BACKGROUND
In donation after circulatory death heart transplantation, the donor heart is exposed to circulatory load. The right ventricle, due to its structure, has high compliance for volume load but is particularly vulnerable to increased pressure load. This study used a pig model to conduct a functional assessment of the hemodynamics of the heart, with a focus on the right ventricle.

METHODS
Six pigs weighing 24.6 ± 1.4 kg were used. Circulatory death was induced by asphyxiation after median sternotomy. After 30 min in the state of global warm ischemia, the ascending aorta was clamped, followed by a 20-minute reperfusion of the heart with a 20°C blood cardioplegia solution. Systemic circulation was established by cardiopulmonary bypass after aortic cross-clamping. After initial reperfusion, the blood cardioplegia solution was replaced with blood. The blood was then rewarmed while the heart was still in a non-working state. Cardiac function was assessed twice in situ, first by the thermodilution method and then by the pressure-volume measurement both at pre-ischemia and at three hours after the initiation of reperfusion.

RESULTS
The recovery rate of cardiac output was 75%. End-systolic elastance (p=0.02) and pulmonary arterial elastance significantly increased (p=0.03), but the ratio of arterial elastance to end-systolic elastance was preserved (p=0.91) in the right ventricle.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite a decrease in cardiac output after reperfusion from warm ischemia, the right ventricle had a potential to respond the elevated afterload. It is important that donations after circulatory death heart transplantation should be performed with attention to avoiding right ventricular distension.


Abstract : This work discusses our ongoing development of a 100-kV, 130- kW modulator for use in high-power microwave research. This modulator is designed to deliver 1 microsecond pulses at a 1-KHz repetition rate into a 70 omega load. The pulser utilizes an ITT F-316 four-gap thyratron to switch two 5-section E*-type pulse-forming lines connected in a Blumlein configuration. The pulser is relatively compact, and can be moved from testbed to testbed. We will review our pulser design and present data demonstrating the operation of the pulser, showing output voltage and current waveforms. 1-kHz PRF operation as yet can not be demonstrated due to power supply limitations, although submillisecond recharge times have been observed indicating the pulser is 1-kHz capable.


Two heat treatment process parameters: heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time were studied for resin-based on friction materials containing fly ash in order to improve the tribology performance and forming techniques.It is indicated by experimentation that much better properties of friction and wear are achieved for resin-based on friction materials added fly ash on the condition of the heat treatment temperature 200 ℃,the heat treatment time 10 hours.


Amplitude-probability-distribution (APD) data are presented for ignition emanations from V-8 engines of used motor vehicles. Outputs from both single and multiple engines running at 1500 rpm were measured with an omnidirectional antenna over the frequency range from approximately 20 MHz to 1 GHz. In each case, the antenna was oriented similarly with respect to the vehicle(s)-vertical, height 3 m, distance 10 m. Results are presented on Weibull-distribution sheets and compare favorably with those of Hsu et al. [1] using a different technique. On each sheet, APD distributions are given for various received bandwidths between 1 and 300 kHz. For the larger bandwidths, curves are straight lines with large negative slopes. At narrower bandwidths and for multiple vehicles, slopes are less steep. Major conclusions from the APD results include the following. 1) Although overlapping of successive pulses at a detector becomes more prominent at narrower bandwidths, measurements are still valid and representative for a given bandwidth. 2) Measurements indicate good repeatability. 3) Curve shapes are essentially independent of tuned frequency, but do depend upon bandwidth and number of vehicles. 4) Amplitudes are functions of tuned frequency and number of vehicles.


The valuation of academic achievements in students with severe language impairment is problematic if they also have difficulties in sustaining attention and in praxic skills. In severe autism all of these difficulties may occur together. Multiple-choice tests offer the advantage that simple praxic skills are required, allowing the tasks to be performed without physical support. Even so, attentive and behavioral difficulties may be so disruptive that achievements may be underestimated. Since special needs educators can give immediate feedback on each answer, a strategy might be to permit corrections, allowing further attempts, in order to mitigate these problems and to better capture their knowledge. Here a Microsoft Excel applet is designed to compute the statistical significance and the final grade of multiple-choice tests, if up to two corrections per selection are allowed. The method was used with a nonverbal student with severe autism and Down syndrome in a mainstream secondary school. Multiple-Choice Tests with Correction Allowed in Autism: An Excel Applet A conventional multiple-choice (MC) test item consists of a stem (the question) and a list of alternatives (possible answers to the question). The stem may be also an incomplete statement and the alternatives its possible completions. Exactly one alternative is the correct answer and the others are distracters. Possible weaknesses in a MC test are that it does not measure what it is supposed to, that it contains clues to the correct answer and that it is worded ambiguously (Burton, S.J., Sudweeks, R.R., Merrill, P.F., Wood, B., 1991). A great deal of research on the use of multiple-choice tests in education has been conducted (for a review, see Haladyna, Downing, Rodriguez, 2002). That research has inspired a number of well-known guidelines that describe how to prepare the items for an MC test, taking account of the influence that item format exerts on students' comprehension and outcomes (e.g. Martinez, 1999). However, psychometric research also reveals the problems that can emerge concerning the reliability and validity of MC test results, highlighting the role that guessing can play in test outcomes alongside a suite of other factors, unrelated to the aim of the test, that can influence students' choices. For instance, when students are not certain of the correct answer, their choices may be influenced by the apparent likelihood of the alternative answers. Since 1919, formulascoring procedures have been used to mitigate these problems (Thurstone 1919). The most popular procedures used at present, are: (S1) simply to compute the percentage of the right answers with respect to number of questions and (S2) give 1 point for each right answer, no point for the unanswered questions, and a penalty of -1/(c-1) points for each failure, where c is the fixed number of alternatives per question. In this latter case, the grade will be the percent ratio of the sum of the points to the number of questions. With the S1 procedure, the test is sensible to guess when the answer is uncertain, because omissions and failures are computed in the same way (zero Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals (JAASEP) JAASEP Page 34 of 149 score), while, with the S2 procedure, the penalty for errors depends on the probability, 1/c, of guessing correctly in response to each question, as we will see later. For instance, S1 is used in the American College Testing (ACT) exam and S2 in the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) exam. Some studies support the first, while others (for different reasons) support the second; given a large number of questions, both approaches yield equivalent reliability (Prieto & Delgado, 1999). We employ S2 in the material that follows, because it appears to be more reliable for tests involving small numbers of questions (figure 1).


Objective To study the dynamic CT feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in recovery phase. Methods Total 50 patients with SARS were followed up with chest CT in 3,6,9,14 months after onset. Results The lesions of lung were absorbed completely in 24 cases in 3 months, 30 cases in 6 months and 35 cases in 14 months. Abnormal CT findings were showed in 15 patients 14 months later, which appeared ground glass opacity ( n =11), irregular lines ( n =8), thickening of interlobular and intralobular septa ( n =4), subpleural lines ( n =4) and bronchiolectasis ( n =1). Conclusion Residual lesions were found in 30% patients with SARS in 14 months after onset, which appeared mainly as the ground glass lesions (73.3%) with intrapulmonary interstitial hyperplasia and fibrosis.


Fig. 1. Gastrografin swallow and tubogram showing mid-oesophageal perforation. Discussion A search of the literature failed to reveal any previously recorded example of perforation of the oesophagus by an intercostal tube. It is possible that there was a fistula between the oesophagus and pleura before the tube was inserted, caused by the empyema pointing through the oesophageal wall as well as through the chest wall. However, there was no preceding history of dysphagia and the perforation healed rapidly on withdrawal of the tube. In this instance it seems probable that fixation of the oesophagus following the previous pneumonectomy was an important factor contributing to the perforation. Intrathoracic perforation of the oesopagus is usually treated by immediate thoracotomy, and Triggiani and Belsey ( I ) state that the only hope of saving the life of a patient with an intrathoracic perforation is by immediate operation. Whilst there can be no doubt that this is usually the wise course, Mengoli and Klassen (2) point out that success can be obtained by non-operative management, as illustrated by the outcome in this patient.


This paper summarizes a research project employing computer simulation to model job opportunities and internal mobility within organizations. Organizations have been described as internal labor markets composed of institutional rules thru influence the allocation and mobility of human resources. These rules take the form of collective bargaining contracts, civil service regulations, employer personnel policies, and unwritten customs or tradition. Rules pertain to such matters as entry jobs, hiring standards, rates and channels of promotion, compensation levels, and even organizational design issues. When organizations change these industrial relations rules, they often alter the pattern of manpower flows between jobs. As the manpower flows are changed, the quantity and quality of the manpower inventory is altered in a predictable manner. This paper examines the relationship between job opportunities and internal mobility within organizations. After considering single flow Markovian models in which only ma...


Current production of hearing aids meets lesser than global needs. Hearing aids and other assistive devices can be used to improve Deafness and hearing loss in people especially using sign language. However, expressing sign language is not known or understood by everyone. These possess serious drawbacks in communicating to and from the deaf. Thus, the paper is to propose a framework that will improvised wearable device for the deaf by using machine learning approach. This paper develops a conceptual framework for enhancing a wearable device that converts sound, text and images into automatic sign language recognition system. The proposed study is an initial step towards the full development and deployment of the wearable device. The device is aimed specifically for the physically challenged (deaf).


Current issue in Automobile, Aerospace, Marine etc. is to reduce the weight of product by maintaining its strength. In Automobile sector Leaf spring of steel material which is used in suspension system can be re- placeable by composite material due to its high strength to weight ratio and the composite materials have more elastic strain energy storage capacity. The objective of this paper is to present a composite material as an alternative to the con- ventional steel leaf spring by experimental tests.


Background Colchicine is safe and effective in the treatment and prevention of recurrent pericarditis after failure of conventional treatment. The recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology suggest that colchicine might be useful even in the treatment of the first episode. However, the use of the drug is not based on any strong evidence obtained from clinical trials, and no randomized placebo-controlled trial is available to guide the management of acute pericarditis. Study design The Investigation on Colchicine for Acute Pericarditis (ICAP) trial will enrol 240 patients in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter investigation of colchicine compared to placebo in patients with acute pericarditis. The primary efficacy end point is the recurrence rate at 18 months. The secondary end points are symptom persistence at 72 h, remission rate at 1 week, number of recurrences, time to first recurrence, disease-related hospitalization, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Implications The ICAP trial will be the first randomized placebo-controlled trial in this area. This trial will provide important evidence regarding the possible benefit of the early use of colchicine in the treatment of acute pericarditis and the primary prevention of recurrences, the most troublesome and commonest complication of pericarditis.


Abstract Isaac Newton's Lemma 28 ( Principia , Book I) argues that the areas of oval figures are not expressible in finite algebraic equations. Although D. T. Whiteside criticized this lemma, his counterexample is not infinitely smooth and thus would not have been admitted by Newton. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. Le lemme 28 d'Isaac Newton ( Principia , livre I) propose que les aires defigures ovales ne sont pas exprimables par des equations algebriques finies. Bien que D. T. Whiteside ait critique ce lemme, son contre-exemple n'est pas infiniment derivable, et Newton ne l'aurait donc pas admis. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. MSC 2000 classification numbers : 01A45, 14M81, 26A27.


This study aims writing skills to help students who are weak in mastering essay writing skills which is one component of the Malay subjects who used PT3 Paper 2 PMR. The sample study involving 37 people as busy as a student and teacher involved in the study. I focus on writing essays. Thus, through the initial review, found students face the problem of passive learning to formal teaching and learning in the classroom. Thus, Tubi Practice approach was introduced to students as a way to overcome the learning problems faced by students especially in the birth of the idea through a paragraph long and short paragraph, paragraph writing using the structure and the selection of the correct word perbendeharaan, show the ability to think high proficiency in childbirth idea and understand format essay writing format Epistle Rasmi.


A novel process, activated anaerobic digestion, has been successfully demonstrated in a full scale facility. The process includes an anaerobic digester working with a screw press and a UF membrane system, and produces biogas from agricultural and industrial feedstocks. The system was operated at two temperature zones; thermophilic , at 55 degrees C in 2010 and at a startup temperature of 45 degrees C in 2011 at a daily biogas(methane) generation rate of 0.34 m3/kg COD. The feed materials included hog manure, corn silage, grains and other industrial organic material with high biogas potential. The membrane system is unique, with a vortex generator that resist fouling by physical and chemical components. The screw press cake separates non-active biosolids from active biomass, with the screw press cake shipped out as a nutrient rich fertilizer. The UF system captures and concentrates all microorganisms and returns them to the digester The UF membrane permeate is a high-quality water suitable for downstream treatment by reverse osmosis. GPS-X modeling software was utilized with the Mantis2 model. A model was calibrated and validated with two sets of data from full scale operation. The models were run for both steady state and dynamic operations. The results showed the impact of key variables including temperature and influent flow rate on the stability of the system. The model was also used to demonstrate the effects of selected disturbances, such as feed disruptions and step increase in feed . Both the full scale data and model predictions successfully established the stability of the new process and benefits from membrane filtration.


An introduction to the neutrino and neutrino oscillations and their role in the standard model of particle physics is presented. Current results and a plan for future experiments in neutrino physics are summarized.


The invention provides a novel pipeline robot support mechanism suitable for being operated in a large-diameter pipeline. The novel pipeline robot support mechanism comprises telescoping mechanisms, a folding mechanism, a crawler mechanism and a frame. By adopting the technical scheme, the size of the transverse section of the support mechanism is decreased through the folding mechanism, the folding mechanism not only can serve as a support device for a pipeline robot, but also can bear the certain weight, and the telescoping mechanisms drive the crawler mechanism to enable the crawler mechanism to be closely attached to the inner wall of the pipeline and be suitable for being applied to the pipelines with different diameters. According to the novel pipeline robot support mechanism, the blank of the support problem of the robot operated in the large-diameter pipeline is filled up, and a motion platform is supplied to heavy object carrying in the large-diameter pipeline.


ABSTRACT Stable carbon (C-13/C-12) isotope records derived from the carbonate contained in the fine-grained ( 10 per mil occur in some sections. Absolute isotope values of some parts of the C-13 record suggest that a proportion of the fine-fraction calcite precipitated in the presence of isotopically light (negative) hydrocarbons. The observed isotopic anomalies may be due to the presence of 1) a particular facies with hydrocarbons, 2) lithostratigraphic units through which hydrocarbons migrated, and/or 3) facies from which hydrocarbons were expelled. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this new methodology to petroleum geologists and stratigraphers interested in Gulf Coast exploration.


Objective :To establish the quality standard of New Guchang Zhixie pills. Method :Rhizoma Corydalis and Radix Angelicae sinensis were identified by TLC. The content of berberin hydrochlofide was determined by HPLC on Sphevisorb-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (48:52)(Per 100mL add SDS 0.1g) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min -1. The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm and the column temperature was set at room. Results: Tetrahydropalmatine and Radix Angelicae sinensis could be identified by TLC. The linear range of berberin hydrochlofide was 0.084~0.560μg. Average rate of reovery was 98.51% and RSD was 1.32%. Conclusion: The established criteria are suitable for the quality control of New Guchang Zhixie pills.


A particle–water discrete element based approach to describe water movement in partially saturated granular media is presented and tested. Water potential is governed by both capillary bridges, dominant at low saturations, and the pressure of entrapped air, dominant at high saturations. The approach captures the hysteresis of water retention during wetting and drainage by introducing the local evolution of liquid–solid contact angles at the level of pores and grains. Extensive comparisons against experimental data are presented. While these are made without the involvement of any fitting parameters, the method demonstrates relative high success by achieving a correlation coefficient of at least 82%, and mostly above 90%. For the tested materials with relatively mono-disperse grain size, the hysteresis of water retention during cycles of wetting and drainage has been shown to arise from the dynamics of solid–liquid contact angles as a function of local liquid volume changes.


The purpose of this study was to improve the long-distance kick results of Class VII students at SMP Negeri 2 Ujan Mas. In this study, the population was male students of Class VII at SMP Negeri 2 Ujan Mas as many as 46 people using random sampling technique by ordinal pairing, namely dividing two groups, 23 experimental groups and 23 control groups. The method in this study used a simple random sampling technique with an ordinal pairing system. The technique used to collect data is a test technique, data analysis technique using t test. The results of data processing and analysis show that the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, then hypothesis testing can be performed using the t-test, so that tcount = 2.881 and ttable = 1.669. Testing the hypothesis is to accept Ha if tcount > ttable and reject Ho if tcount < ttable based on the results of the calculations that have been carried out, it is obtained tcount = 2.881 > ttable = 1.669 where ttable is obtained from interpolation calculations.


AbstractSome of the more sophisticated pocket and desk calculators have a single key operation for the evaluation of the standard deviation of a set of observations.


A synthetic strategy based on the sequential application of an aromatic aza-Claisen rearrangement and an intramolecular Heck reaction sequence as the key steps has been developed for the synthesis of various hitherto unreported coumarin- and quinolone-annulated benzazocine derivatives in excellent yields.


As a follow-up to the intensive study program in the U.S. during 1970 and 1971 relating to Maritime Satellites (MARSAT), the Maritime Administration undertook a Phase II MARSAT Experimental Design, Development and Test Program for the U.S. Merchant Fleet. Toward this end, the American Institute of Merchant Shipping sponsored a study of user requirements for such services and the techniques to be used in testing and evaluating the required space, shipboard and shorebased equipment, procedures and personnel. This paper presents the preliminary results of this on-going user requirements and test plan definition study for the experimental use of satellite services to interconnect ships at sea to shipping offices via a shore-based experimental Maritime Data Center (MDC). One year of pre-operational trials are contemplated commencing approximately in July 1972.


The molecules of the title compound, 2,3-naphthalimide, C12H7NO2, form an infinite hydrogen-bonded chain in the crystal structure parallel to the b axis. Within the chain, molecules linked by a nearly linear N—H⋯O interaction are related by a twofold screw axis.


Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor … it is very easy to think of the cliches: 'Are you happy in your work?' 'Schooldays are the happiest days of your life'. I used to think that this was one of the silliest things ever said by distinguished people on speech‐day platforms; because if a boy or girl is miserable at school (and many are) then it's a pretty grim outlook that he faces; and if in fact he is perfectly happy at school, it is still very discouraging for him to suppose that in the eyes of successful middle‐aged adults he will never be so happy again. If young people are to have life satisfaction, then surely they should be encouraged to be optimistic and forward‐looking.


We report on real-time spectroscopic reflectance anisotropy measurements carried out during the epitaxial growth of GaAs/GaAs (001). Our work is aimed to the study of fundamental processes occurring during the epitaxial growth of III-V semi-conductors. We show that during growth there is an oscillation in the surface strain associated to surface reconstruction, suggesting the existence of a mechanism of periodic build up-relaxation of the surface strain, indicating that the technique employed in this work may potentially distinguish between two reconstruction phases.


Neurophysiological methods and recording techniques are increasingly being embraced to enhance business intelligence about consumers' behavior. Researchers have found evidence linking individual characteristics with variations in mental processing and user literacy for neurally-controlling computer interfaces. The work presented here seeks to better understand the relationship between individual characteristics and neural activations as recorded by electroencephalography EEG while participants viewed certain types of media online. A study conducted with 21 right-handed individuals demonstrates that the individual characteristics of smoking, hand dexterity, and experience playing certain types of video games correlate with neural activations in the frontal lobe, reflecting arousal and engagement. These correlations indicate the need to control for particular participant characteristics when conducting studies using neurophysiological recording techniques and expand considerations for incorporating such novel, yet insightful tools into the business intelligence practice.


Given two strings a, b of length m, n respectively, the string-substring longest common subsequence (SS-LCS) problem consists in computing the length of the longest common subsequence of a and every substring of b. An explicit representation of the output lengths is of size o(n2). We show that the output can be represented implicitly by a set of n two-dimensional integer points, where individual output lengths are obtained by dominance counting queries.This leads to a data structure of size O(n), which allows to query an individual output length in time O( log n log log n), using a recent result by JaJa, Mortensen and Shi. The currently best sequential SS-LCS algorithm by Alves et al. can be adapted to produce the output in the above geometric representation. We also develop a new parallel SS-LCS algorithm that runs
on a p-processor coarse-grained computer in O(mn/p ) local computation, O(n log p) communication,O(log p) barrier synchronisations, and O(n) memory per processor, producing the output in the above geometric representation. Compared to previously known results, our approach presents a substantial improvement in algorithm functionality, output representation efficiency, communication efficiency and/or memory efficiency


-.:CIIJliI' ig increasingly clear that patterns of physical activity and diet during childhood can impact health in 11msclerosis. Despite this mechanism, knowledge about how exercise influences diet under narural 'tions in healthy, nonobese children is limited . To examine this, 33 prepubertal boys (8 to 10 years age; controls, n=13) consented to participate in a 5-week, prospective aerobic, endurance-type · g protocol. Prior to the inteivention, groups of 3-5 boys (with at least one parent present) attended I½ hour training the day before keeping 3-day food records (Thursday, Friday and Saturday). A detailed protocol was used for consistent instruction at pre (Tl) and post-intervention (T2) food record llllec:ti' ons. A 30-minute private appointment was held on Friday to review records for completeness and 1DSwer any questions. Records were returned on Monday, reviewed for completeness and analyzed on 1be Food Processor nutrient analysis system. At the beginning of the study, a significant association was IOted for mean energy intake (kcal/day) and: 1) V~max (Umin) (r = 0.57, p<0.01); 2) body weight (r = 0.66, p<0.01); and 3) estimated (ftorn slcinfolds) lean body mass (kg) (r = 0.59, p<0.01). No 'ficant changes were noted for the conb"Ol group from Tl to TI for either dietary components or weight; likewise, significant Pear.K>n product moment correlations showed stability for dietary in, fat, saturated fat, fiber, vitamin C, Vitamin D, and per cent energy from fat. Subjects in the · ingiroup increased fitness but without any change in body weight or total caloric intake (Tl,


This paper proposes an automatic method for the identification of twisted pairs (TPs) sharing the same binder, based on the analysis of phantom circuit measurements. This type of circuit is often used for improving data transmission rates in communication systems, but in this paper, phantoming is used to reveal if a four-wire loop composed of two TPs is close enough and well balanced in order to be considered in the same binder. The method uses four features extracted from scattering parameter measures in phantom-mode between two TPs. These features are related to the presence of periodicities and impedance mismatch between the measurement device and the four-wire transmission line. The identification is done via application of two pattern recognition techniques, support vector machines and K-means, on scattering parameter obtained from the phantom-mode measurement of two TPs. This paper also describes a method to determine the length of the two TPs that share the same binder. Laboratory results confirm the accuracy of the proposed methods.


Investigations into carbon nanofibers (CNF) as not only structural reinforcement materials but also standalone or embedded strain/damage, thermal, atmospheric and biochemical sensors are driven by their high specific strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, stiffness as well as extreme flexibility. Polymer matrix, being the weakest phase of a composite material which brakes first under the application of external load, should get strong enough to transfer load effectively from matrix phase to fiber phase. Hence incorporation of CNF into polymer matrix is the focus of the current investigation. In this study matrix modification is carried out dispersing 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% CNF into polymer matrix. To examine the flexural properties 3 point bend test is carried out with Instron 5967 with a loading speed of 1 mm/min. The maximum increase in strength obtained among all the four compositions was 22.10% in case of 1% CNF-GE composite.


In recent years the study of the United States has been reoriented and energized by a wave of scholarship that looks beyond national boundaries and historiographies. One measure of its reach is The Global Lincoln, a collection of essays that recovers for the sixteenth President a vast outlook and audience. The Civil War era has already enjoyed a transnational makeover in work on international anti-slavery (Edward Rugemer, Lamin Sanneh, Gale Kenny), the fluid geography of Confederates (Matthew Pratt Guterl), and the economic convulsions of the war itself (Sven Beckert). The figure of Lincoln, though, still seems a grail to those who would internationalize the core narratives of American history. Lincoln could, at various moments, seem cosmopolitan and insular. He famously universalized the Union struggle as the "last, best hope of earth," yet he never left the United States, save perhaps for a quick dash across the falls at Niagara. He tweaked the text of the Gettysburg Address to promote "government of the people, by the people, for the people" – rather than of, by and for this government – but he was a cautious statesman who consistently eschewed foreign intervention. (The Confederacy doesn't count.) Among Lincoln's admirers, the global significance of his fight for liberty has typically been assumed rather than demonstrated. This volume invites sixteen distinguished authors to test those assumptions against evidence from Japan to Ghana to Argentina.


A low-profile broadband dual-circularly-polarized metasurface antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a modified cross-slot coupling antenna with a lattice of 4 × 4 square metallic patches. A characteristic mode analysis is used to investigate the operating mechanism of the metasurface antenna. Then, the desired modes are chosen and excited by the modified slots. The modified slot introduces a new resonance to achieve broadband characteristic. Two orthogonally placed microstrip lines are used to achieve both right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization in the same frequency band. The final prototype, with an overall size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 6 mm (0.71 λ0× 0.71 λ0 × 0.04 λ0 at 2.15 GHz) is measured. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has an axial-ratio bandwidth of 31.3% and an impedance bandwidth of 52.5%.


In this article two major volumes with Chinese paper cut art by Fan Pu (Paula Fan) are reviewed. In her work it becomes clear how a traditional type of folk art can be transformed by using new techniques and material. By doing so, Fan Pu is able to make modern Christian art, which hopefully also appeals to present-day Chinese people. Herself being an evangelical Christian, she interestingly also uses sayings by pre-Christian Chinese sages like Confucius in her art; their wisdom can be seen as a kind of preparatio evangelica. The two works, analyzed here, together form a catalog of her work so far, from the nineteen seventies till now.


Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative programming paradigm. The intrinsic complexity of the evaluation of ASP programs makes the development of more effective and faster systems a challenging research topic. This paper reports on the recent improvements of the ASP solver WASP. WASP is undergoing a refactoring process which will end up in the release of a new and more performant version of the software. In particular the paper focus on the improvements to the core evaluation algorithms working on normal programs. A preliminary experiment on benchmarks from the 3rd ASP competition belonging to the NP class is reported. The previous version of WASP was often not competitive with alternative solutions on this class. The new version of WASP shows a substantial increase in performance.


This project is about designing an automatic pet feeder that could automatically serves
food to the pets. The title of this project is Automatic Pet Feeder Using PIC. The pet meals
that will be served are from the small types because some studies have shown that feeding the
pet with smaller meals over the course of the day can prevent pet obesity and lead the pets to
better health. The user will specify when their pet will be fed. This automatic pet feeder uses a
micro controller and it consists of an interface with buttons, liquid crystal display (LCD), RC
servo motor and the hardware part. The RC servo motor shaft will be attached at one side of a
feeding plate. When the servo motor runs, the feeding plate will spin which will turn pet food
drops down through the perforated feeding bowl. So, the pets will receive regular amounts of
food on a steady feeding schedule.


We report fabrication of optical waveguides embedded in oxidized porous silicon in a maskless process. Patterned pore-filling was attained by means of inkjet printing, enabling lateral modification of the waveguide's index of refraction, and other optical properties, thus providing full two-dimensional refractive index control of the optical waveguide. The waveguides were created by applying a KDP salt solution over a porous silicon film by means of a material printer. Light guiding was demonstrated at wavelengths 1.064 and 1.550 μm. Measured values of the propagation loss at these wavelengths were 2.4 dB/cm and below 0.5 dB/cm, respectively.


The present invention provides a blood component measurement device, which enables the test member with respect to the spotted portion of the blood drop obtained by puncture easily and reliably in contact, thereby suppressing the measurement error. Blood glucose meter (blood component measuring apparatus) (10a) having: for testing member (12) distal end mounting portion (30) is installed; import pathway via the test piece is mounted on the distal end mounting portion (30) (12) in the blood (24) and the collected blood component measurement portion (32) is measured; and the results of measurement by the measuring portion (32) of the display monitor (34). The monitor (34) of the display surface as the upper side, and the opposite side as the lower side, when the display face of the monitor (34) is placed on a horizontal surface, the central axis of the test piece (12) (C) directed obliquely downward toward the distal end side. Blood glucose meter (10a) having: a monitor provided (34) a main portion (44); and a transition portion (46) is provided between the main portion (44) and the distal end mounting portion (30). The upper surface of the transition portion (46) (46a) is set to (C) substantially parallel to the central axis.


Tax administrations have been working on how to deal with non-compliance behaviour at minimal cost, while maximizing collections without affecting efficiency operations of entities in an economy. Studies have been done to understand complexity of this behaviour from economic, social norms, ethical and psychological perspectives. Using theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study embarks on the same journey by investigating the behaviour of consumer as third-party tax enforcer through asking for sales receipts after transaction. From data collected at Dodoma Municipality by questioning 118 respondents, the study unveils that, attitude and subjective norms have a positive effect on intention to ask for sales receipt, while; there was no effect of perceive behaviour control on customer's intention to ask for sales receipt. Most of the customers acknowlege goodness, desirability or importance of asking for sales receipt, which is argued to have implication on effeciency of tax collection exercise. Morover relatives and friends have significant effect of individual behaviour of asking for receipt, thus existance of habit of asking for sales receipt among community members reduces moral and ethical cost of acting as a third-party tax enforcer. Efforts should be directed more toward winning consumers' support rather than using more force on traders, and adoption and use of EFDs should go parallel with other strategies aiming at improving tax collection.


ZrB2-ZrC composite powders were synthesized from zircon sand by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The reactions were verified and the feasibility of obtaining the predicted products was calculated from the adiabatic temperature (Tad) and the equilibrium composition using the HSC® chemistry program. The results show that the SHS products consisted of ZrB2, ZrC, ZrO2, ZrSiO4, MgO, and Mg2SiO4. Leaching the products with 0.5 M of HCl solution eliminated the by-product of MgO and the intermediate Mg2SiO4 phases. The phase composition of the products was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX).


With frequent occurrence of sensitive information leakage,the protection of object reuse becomes more and more important in process of information system clssified security protection.This paper introduces principle of hard disk data deleting and recovering,and analyzing in detail the current mainstream disk overwriting standard,for instance US DoD 5220.22-M and Gutmann so no,and designing the method of disk overwriting to meet the different grade information system on this basis.


The Lordship of Christ Over the Whole of Life: An Introduction to the Thought of Abraham Kuyper Described by his enemies as "an opponent of ten heads and a hundred hands," and by his friends as "a gift of God to our age," Abraham Kuyper (18371920) was truly a homo universale, a veritable genius in both intellectual and practical affairs. A noted journalist, politician, educator, and theologian with mosaic vigor, he is especially remembered as the founder of the Free University of Amsterdam in 1880, and as the Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1901-1905. The source of this man's remarkable contributions is found in a powerful spiritual vision derived from the theology of the protestant reformers (primarily Calvin) which centered upon the sovereignty of the biblical God over all aspects of reality, life, thought, and culture. Indeed, as he thundered in the climax to his inaugural address at the dedication of the Free University, "there is not a square inch in the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ, who is Sovereign over all, does not cry: 'Mine!'" On the basis of this theological axiom, Kuyper drew inspiration for the all-consuming goal of his life, namely the renewal of the Dutch church and nation, expressed in these often quoted words. One desire has been the ruling passion of my life. One high motive has acted like a spur upon my mind and soul. And sooner than that I should seek escape from the sacred necessity that this is laid upon me, let the breath of life fail me. It is this: That in spite of all worldly opposition, God's holy ordinances shall be established again in the home, in the school and in the


Isolation of nondwarf determinate soybean F2 segregants with maturity acceptable for high latitudes by adjusting the plant phenology, using a combination of alleles at the E1 and E4 maturity loci in a background homozygous for e3


We introduce an asymptotic method (ASYM) of identification. The ASYM has been developed for multivariable process identification for model based control. Fundamental problems, such as test signal design for control, model order/structure selection, parameter estimation and model error quantification, are solved in a systematic manner. The method can supply not only an input/output model and an unmeasured disturbance model which are (asymptotic) maximum likelihood estimates, but also the upper bound matrix for the model errors that can be used for model validation and robustness analysis. An application of the method for a crude unit atmospheric column DMC is presented.


The results are presented of five in-flight absolute radiometric calibrations, made in the period July 1984 to November 1985, at White Sands, New Mexico, of the solar reflective bands of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) . The 23 bandcalibrations made on the five dates show a ± 2.8% RMS variation from the mean as a percentage of the mean.


Silicon-based single-electron transistors (SETs) and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices have been integrated onto a single chip, and the operation of SET/CMOS integrated circuits has been demonstrated at room temperature. The fabrication process of SETs has been improved in terms of parasitic resistance suppression, threshold voltage control, and reduction in required time for electron-beam lithography for integration with CMOS devices. There is no significant degradation in the characteristics of CMOS devices owing to the special fabrication process of SETs operating at room temperature. CMOS 1-bit analog selectors, which are building blocks of multibit address decoders, have been combined with SETs, and the circuit operation has been demonstrated at room temperature for the first time. These results show the feasibility of SET/CMOS integrated circuits composed of high-density arrays of SETs and high-performance CMOS peripheral circuits, which fully leverage the advantages of SETs and CMOS.


markdownabstractIn this thesis, we addressed three clinical important issues:
1) the prevalence and consequences of distal renal tubular acidosis in Primary Sjogren's syndrome patients;
2) the effect of Primary Sjogren's syndrome on bone metabolism;
3) the effect of hydroxychloroquine on bone metabolism.

__Part 1__ includes the clinical studies of this thesis and is dedicated to the evaluation of distal renal tubular acidosis and its consequences in Primary Sjogren's syndrome and the effect of Primary Sjogren's syndrome on bone.
__Part 2__ includes the laboratory studies of this thesis in which we demonstrate the effects of hydroxychloroquine on human bone cells both in vivo and in vitro.


The article argues for the need to reconstruct the unit of the two methodological levels of the sole biblical interpretation process in the Church, showing the Theological and scientific elements which configure this Exegetical HermeneuticsMethods. Likewise, the causes of the improper separation of such levels and their respective consequences are showed, which seriously affect not only the correct interpretation of the biblical texts, but also our vital relationship with the Word ofGod, in and from the ecclesiastic community.


Neither the overwhelming acceptance of Blurred Lines nor its perceived derogation of women can be imputed in the formation of a metanarrative response, because exigency ambiguity is a function of the song's discursive implications as a piece of cultural rhetoric employed upon the exigencies of modern American pop culture.


The increased concern in recent years for a variety of historic preservation issues has resulted in a pluralistic community of professionals and lay people.' We are now eager to find value and meaning in places and people which were considered somehow "unworthy" just a few short years ago. Simply stated, there is a refreshing maturity afloat in the preservation movement, and it is causing many of us to rethink and readjust our attitudes and activities in the field. What began as a concern for the "high style" and "nationally significant" buildings in American history, has grown to an appreciation for commonplace and everyday homes and workplaces.2 This attention to "ordinary" history in the built environment is evidenced in the activities of such groups as the Society for Industrial Archeology3, the Society for Commercial Archeology, and the Vernacular Architecture Forum. These groups, as well as others, represent a national trend away from the marking of geographically and personally remote monuments, and toward the recognition of "histories" which remind us more of ourselves, either realized or idealized.4


The paper presents the first results of an on-going Italian research project aimed at investigating the modem business processes and frameworks that make the new product development a complex process which involves the constitution of a temporary coalition of manufacturing enterprises, their coordination, and the organization and planning of their operation. New ICT tools, called "tools for the extended enterprise" are needed for the adoption of this business model and for its operation coordination; the research project aims at exploring and investigating the field of "value-added tools", (within the tools for the extended enterprise), at the strategic (for the design of the extended enterprise) and planning (for supporting the network in all of the phases that require a planning activity such as the new product development) business levels.


Aim:To compare the auto-fluorescent spectrum of different nephropathy patients' serum,so as to provide theoretical foundation for spectroscopy diagnosis of nephropathy.Methods:Using F-4500 spectrophoto fluorometer,wavelength was 301 nm and emission wavelength ranged from 200 nm to 800 nm to measure fluorescence spectra of 84 normal controls,32 nephritis patients,28 renal failure patients,20 renal cancer patients.The peak heights,peak positions,and peak areas of fluorescence spectra were analyzed.Results:Compared with normal control,the peak position occurred red shift near 335 nm and 445 nm in patients with nephritis and renal cancer;compared with the patients with nephritis and renal failure,the peak position occurred purple shift near 335 nm in patients with renal cancer.Compared with normal control,the peak height and the peak area decreased or increased significantly near 302 nm,335 nm,445 nm,515 nm,and 650 nm in different nephropathy patients(P0.05).Conclusion: Measuring auto-fluorescence spectra of nephropathy patients′ serum can provide some valuable evidence for diagnosis of nephropathy.


The one-dimensional, cylindrical, quasi-static, coupled thermo elastic problem is considered. The temperature and displacement fields in an infinitely long solid cylinder, and an infinite medium with a cylindrical hole whose boundaries are subjected to a time dependent function, are presented. These results, under the appropriate assump tions and loadings, are identical to published results. Also presented is the general solution in the transform domain for the two-dimensional cartesian plane strain coupled thermoelastic problem. Asan applica tion the Lamb plane problem is treated under two loading conditions. The steady-state (large time) temperature solution obtained in this investigation and that obtained by a different method and previously published are in full agreement. The method used in both cases presented in this work is the socalled "direct approach", that is Laplace transform without resorting to the commonly used thermoelastic potential function.


Background: Since the origin of novel corona virus (COVID-19) in December 2019, it engulfed more than 200 countries worldwide within short time and was declared as pandemic by WHO. Even though the overall fatality rate is low in COVID-19, presence of certain risk factors and comorbidities more likely result in severe disease and subsequent mortality.
Methodology: Retrospectively we evaluated the details of total 200 COVID-19 patients from the medical records. These 200 patients include two groups. Each group consisted of 100 patients. One group consisted 100 patients who were discharged successfully after recovery from COVID-19. Second group consisted 100 patients who demised during hospital stay with COVID-19. We have studied prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on mortality in these two groups in relation to gender, severity. This was a cross sectional study of COVID-19 patients admitted from 01-04-2020 to 31-05-2020 (period of two months) in our state COVID tertiary care hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
Results: There was no statistically significant association between presence of comorbidities and gender in relation to mortality. There was statistically significant association between presence of comorbidities and severity of disease. The association of comorbidities and mortality was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 who have comorbidities are more likely to have severe disease course, rapid progression, increased need for admission in ICU and mortality.


Coughing and sneezing are important routes of virus transmission. Droplets carrying the virus enter the air and spread rapidly, increasing the spread of the disease. Therefore, how to accurately detect coughing and sneezing behaviors in a timely manner so as to effectively warn the spread of the virus has become an urgent problem. To solve this problem, we designs a coughing and sneezing detection scheme for indoor people on commercial wireless devices. First, the Doppler shift feature image caused by the action is segmented using a clustering algorithm, which reduces the computational overhead of the system. Then, the HOG features of the segmented image are extracted and input to the two-dimensional SOM network for action classification and recognition, which effectively improves the detection accuracy of target actions. Finally, a dataset consisting of real coughing and sneezing actions is constructed and open-sourced in this paper. The performance of this solution was tested and analyzed in several dimensions under two typical application scenarios. The results show the robustness of this scheme and the accuracy up to 93.1% in real-world scenarios. Our solution offers a new technology and method for disease prevention detection.


A lot of debate has been made on the concept of poverty and what causes it. This paper seeks to undertake a critical analysis of the acute causes of poverty in Zimbabwe. A secondary research approach took a central stage in data acquisition, as the researchers focused on reviewing secondary data especially from published sources on the causes of Zimbabwean poverty especially in the 21st century. The study at hand becomes highly pertinent to Zimbabwe that has faced various episodes and phases of poverty ever since its 1980 political independence. The results of the study showed that the acute causes of poverty in Zimbabwe include corruption, high unemployment rates, underperforming banking system, lack of foreign investment, underperforming industries and poor infrastructure. Numerous recommendations were made for the reduction of poverty in Zimbabwe. It is hoped that if these recommendations are taken into account, there is going to be improvement of socio-economic development in the country and consequent reduction in levels of poverty in Zimbabwe.

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embrace genomovar testing. In contrast, 60% of programs base their decisions regarding panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa on in vitro testing and synergy. Seventy-five percent of programs consider noncompliance with medical therapy to be an absolute contraindication for lung transplantation. In practice, precluding a patient based on noncompliance may be very difficult to implement. First, the critical threshold of noncompliance is unclear. Second, a positive change in behavior to secure a place on the list does not necessarily guarantee appropriate behavior posttransplantation. These issues are especially important in the cystic fibrosis population where nonadherence to instructions is not uncommon.6 A small majority of programs have a minimum exercise requirement of 600 feet during a 6-min walk test. This appears to indicate a preference to select patients who are functionally relatively well.7 This may be a pragmatic approach to emphasize the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation. Alternatively, it may be a surrogate for initiating early listing, in order to compensate for the expected time accrued on the waiting list. However, many international programs would transplant patients who can only transfer from bed to chair. Following transplantation, divergent patterns of treatment emerge. For instance, 50% of programs utilize induction therapy and 50% do not, while four different maintenance immunosuppression regimes are utilized equally across all programs. This heterogeneous theme is most obvious following the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), at which time 11 different treatment options may be employed. However, the most common therapy is a trial of corticosteroids combined with a change from cyclosporin to tacrolimus. The management of progressive BOS is notably consistent. The emerging pattern, based on the irreversible characteristics of the histopathology and the acknowledgment of the importance of clinical infection, is that the majority of programs utilize antibiotic therapy in the treatment of progressive BOS.8 The role of infection in the dynamic of graft survival is emphasized by the observation that 50% of programs utilize cytomegalovirus (CMV) Ig as part of their CMV prophylaxis regimen. Data have identified9 hypogammaglobulinemia as a potential risk factor for bacterial infection. Interestingly, this latter observation could indicate that the perceived survival advantage observed with the application of CMV Ig may result from broad nonspecific protection against infection. The data provided by Levine et al emphasize that the published international selection criteria have forged some degree of standardized practice but highlight the diversity in approach to management following lung transplantation. The transplant network of the ACCP demonstrates interesting patterns of practice and uncertainty that can be used as a catalyst for further study and progress.


This study is a close inspection of three cases of everyday political conflict and the ways these conflicts are negotiated on social media platforms. It examines users' struggles for freedoms of expression, identity, and safety; and reveals that whilst high-profile conflicts are useful for uncovering the machinations of platform governance, they provide a poor foundation for lasting reform. In response users are found to have developed shrewd, tactical opportunities to leverage the systems of social media platforms to supplant, and circumvent, inadequate reforms and agitate for better outcomes.


Angle-resolved photoemission measurements are performed on the layer compound MoS2 at 21.2 and 40.8 eV excitation energies. It is shown the applicability of the E(k∥) method in the framework of a non-direct transition regime. An experimental band scheme is proposed. Good agreement with band structure calculations is found except for some of them in the relative position of the d and p upper valence bands, which is here clearly ascertained.

Nous presentons les resultats de mesures de photoemission angulaire sur le compose lamellaire MoS2 aux energies d'excitations de 21,2 et 40,8 eV. Nous avons montre la bonne applicabilite de la methode E(k∥) dans le cadre d'un regime de transitions directes. Nous proposons une structure de bandes experimentales. Nous trouvons un bon accord avec les structures de bandes calculees sauf pour certaines d'entre elles en ce qui concerne la position relative des bandes de valence superieures d et p qui est ici clairement precisee.


While collaborative governance and planning are
often criticized for exacerbating power imbalances, failing to be inclusive
and/or impartial, and for ignoring historical conflict, some scholars have
found an informal but foundational phase/pre-collaboration critical in
mitigating contextual and historical factors that often lead to marginalization
during more formal negotiations. Building such foundations is considerably
money and time intensive, so this paper aims to investigate outcomes of
pre-collaboration on the ground and whether it contributes to long-term
community adaptation and resiliency. Using qualitative methods and based on a
case study of housing renewal project in a community described as "deprived",
we found a direct connection between informal pre-collaboration, community
resiliency and long-term adaptation. We argue that the pre-collaboration phase
may shape the ultimate success or failure of the endeavour as it enables
communities to become "collaboration-ready" in a situation where the context is
hostile, and there are power and capability inequalities. This research shows
that the benefits of pre-collaboration arguably
outweigh the costs, particularly over the long-term.


This research proposes an alternative approach to machine learning based ones for categorizing news articles given as in plain texts. In order to use one of machine learning based approaches for the task, documents should be encoded into numerical vectors; it causes two problems: huge dimensionality and sparse distribution. The proposed approach is intended to address the two problems. In other words, the two problems are avoided by encoding a document or documents into a table, instead of numerical vectors. Therefore, the goal of the research is to improve the performance of text categorization by solving the two problems.


STRATEGIES 29 Here's a question (or two) about your aquatics program: Should aquatic instructors/coaches use video technology? Are the costs and time worth the effort? All signs point to yes and this article will show why aquatic instructors should take advantage of video technological advances and use them as an aid in the classroom. Recent advances in the technology fi eld have changed the way video support should be considered. It is now much more user-friendly and feasible than it was as recently as 10 years ago. In part because of these signifi cant strides, current literature supports the use of video technology in the classroom. This article focuses on the innovative use of video technology for specifi c aquatic motor skills used in our university's intermediate swim classes, although this technology can also be used for numerous aquatic activities (e.g., SCUBA classes, diving classes, lifeguard training, team practices, etc.). The incorporation of digital cameras, underwater cam-sticks, video editing software, TiVo® feedback, and an on-line video questioning tool will allow aquatic students to learn more in less time. This article will add a new dimension to aquatics instruction literature because of the descriptions, explanations, and video links to video technology teaching tools. Literature Supports Video Technology's Use


A system (S) for preventing falls out of bed, comprising a guardrail body (A), a smart terminal (T), and a smart care apparatus (600) arranged on the guardrail body (8) and being in communication with the smart terminal (T), the smart monitoring apparatus (600) comprising an acquisition unit (601), used for acquiring a first distance between a cared-for subject and a first bed edge and a second distance between the cared-for subject and a second bed edge; a first determining unit (602) used for determining whether the first distance is less than or equal to a first threshold and/or the second distance is less than or equal to a second threshold, a transceiving unit (603), used for sending a warning alert signal to the smart terminal when the first distance is less than or equal to the first threshold and/or the second distance is less than or equal to the second threshold, and receiving a guardrail enabling command from the smart terminal; a second determining unit (604), used for determining whether a guardrail enabling command is received; a guardrail drive unit (605), and a music playback unit (606). The system (S) for preventing falls out of bed promptly sends reminder information to a caregiver before the risk of a fall out of bed occurs, preventing accidents from falling out of bed.