A set S in which a multiplication ab is defined is called a semigroup if this multiplication is associative and commutative, if an identity element is present in S, and if the cancellation law holds: ab = ac implies b = c. For example, the non-zero elements of a domain of integrity constitute a semigroup under multiplication. The notions of divisibility and irreducible elements are defined in the usual way. A semigroup S will be called an arithmetic if every element of S is uniquely decomposable into irreducible elements. The problem is to give necessary and sufficient conditions that a semigroup must satisfy in order that it can be embedded in an arithmetic. Any arithmetic z containing a semigroup S will be called an ideal arithmetic of S. This is an exact formulation of the problem of "restoring unique decomposition by the adjunction of ideal elements." The statement of the problem is in no way altered if we are considering a domain of integrity D rather than a semigroup. In that case we endeavor to embed the multiplicative semigroup S of D in an arithmetic A, or rather the semigroup S of principal ideals in D, which may be regarded as arising from S by identifying elements which divide each other. In Dedekind's theory of algebraic numbers, 2 is the set of all integral ideals in D, and it should be observed that z is not again a ring but only a semigroup-we can multiply two ideals but we cannot add them! This observation should make it clear that the problem is actually one of multiplication alone.' The general solution of the problem has been effected by means of what Krull calls v-ideals.2 A subset a of a domain of integrity D is a v-ideal if it contains every element of D which is divisible by all common divisors of a in the quotient-field of D. (Every v-ideal is also a Dedekind ideal, but not in general conversely.) Since this definition involves only the notion of divisibility, it can be applied to a semigroup S; of course we replace "quotient-field of D" by "quotient-group of S," the group of all formal quotients of elements


de araujo mfm, de freitas rwjf, marinho nbp, alencar ampg, damasceno mmc & zanetti ml (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness3, 275–282 Validation of two methods to evaluate adherence to oral anti-diabetic medication

Aim.  To validate two indirect methods to evaluate adherence to oral anti-diabetic therapy.

Design.  Convenience sample composed of 437 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Batalla test and the Measurement of Treatment Adherence were used to collect data in the participants' households. Pill count was considered the gold standard for assessing adherence to oral anti-diabetics. Data were collected in 2009.

Findings.  In relation to the gold standard, the Measurement of Treatment Adherence was more associated with non-adherence to oral anti-diabetics cases than the Batalla test (p = 0·000). The Measurement of Treatment Adherence displayed stronger correlation with pill count (p   0·561).

Conclusion.  The Measurement of Treatment Adherence was the best method to identify non-adherence to oral anti-diabetics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Identifying the best method to evaluate patients' adherence to oral anti-diabetic medication can facilitate the nurses' decision-making process in clinical practice.


The aim of this paper is to elucidate the unique cultural affects created in South Korean society under the conditions of the Cold War and national division. Despite the historical detente of the late 1960s and mid-1970s, the cementing of South and North Korea's institutions raises the need to consider a perspective wherein South and North Korea were actors in instigating an 'excessive Cold War' rather than the Korean peninsula being a 'mini-Cold War' between the US and USSR. Although the 'excessive Cold War' greatly restricted all of society and escalated the fever to "ferret out the enemy," the excessive rules and restrictions inadvertently also had the problematic side effect of triggering affects. Non-fiction spy narratives based on true stories and testimonies produced and circulated during the late 1960s to 1970s not only included spies during the national division of Korea, but internationally active spies from the World Wars I, II, and the Cold War. The most frequently appearing narratives in popular culture were those of the female spy, the converted spy, and the double agent. These narratives demonstrate the polarization and structuring of historicism, testimonies, and gendered strategies, especially the anti-North Korean Orientalism containing both Orientalism and exoticism based on love, hate, and sympathy. This narrative strategy shared some similarities with that of Western spy narratives and were relatively more overt in their portrayals of temptation and fear of direct contact with the 'enemy.' Hence the spy narrative was not merely a narrative of exclusion but also a dual narrative involving the coexistence of complex and subtle affects such as sympathy and hatred, temptation and insecurity. The 1970 spy narratives adopted the sensationalism that was all the rage in the media as their selling point, spinning tales of sympathy and hatred for the spy representing 'our pitiful compatriots moaning in North Korea' and 'South Korea, the victor in the contest for legitimacy.' Though the excessive Cold War gave birth to an extreme anticommunism and North-South hostility blaming all of society's ills on North Korea and communism, the spy narrative also showed the paradoxical temptation and insecurity at the base of South Korean society.


In this paper, the concept of interval-valued intuitionsitic Qfuzzy ternary semiring is studied. Theorems related to interval-valued intuitionistic Q-fuzzy ternary semiring are stated and proved. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 47H10. Keywords. Interval-valued fuzzy set, Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy semi-ring, ternary semi-ring.


Extensive faulting is observed in sediments containing high concentrations of methane hydrate off the southeastern coast of the United States. Faults that break the sea floor show evidence of both extension and shortening; mud diapirs are also present. The zone of recent faulting apparently extends from the ocean floor down to the base of gas-hydrate stability. The authors infer that the faulting resulted from excess pore pressure in gas trapped beneath the gas hydrate-bearing layer and/or weakening and mobilization of sediments in the region just below the gas-hydrate stability zone. In addition to the zone of surface faults, they identified two buried zones of faulting that may have similar origins. Subsurface faulted zones appear to act as gas traps.


Introduction: Plasma concentrations of prothrombotic factors such as fibrinogen have previously been associated with ischemic stroke risk. To extend this observation, we examined the association of...


The input-output approach proposed by Wassily Leontief is regarded as a key tool for the quantitative analysis of the interdependencies between dierent interconnected sectors within an economy, especially in today's highly interactive networks of producers/service providers. In recent years, Leontief's model was also extended in order to assess their resilience to critical events, such as a disruption aecting some sectors and propagating through others according to their vulnerability, reaction times and centrality to the overall economy. In this context, a key factor towards the mitigation of monetary losses is represented by preparedness, which is associated to a large extent to the availability of inventories, able to ensure extended continuity of product/service delivery in spite of the temporary partial or complete inoperability of some sectors. Building on an approach based on the dynamic inoperability input-output model with inventory, originally proposed in (Barker and Santos 2010), in this paper we formulate an optimization problem and propose an algorithm to determine how a proper sizing of each sector's cumulative inventory level can enhance the overall resilience to selected critical events.


Connecting networks are key subsystems of communications switching systems. This paper reviews what is known about the theoretical minimum complexity of connecting networks of several different types and presents the best known explicit constructions for them. In some cases, such as for strictly nonblocking connection networks, there is a significant difference between the best known construction and the theoretical minimum complexity. In other cases, such as for rearrangeably nonblocking connecting networks, the best construction differs from the minimum by only a constant.


The meander line antennas (MLA) are electrically small antennas that pose several performance related issues such as narrow bandwidth, low gain and high cross polarization levels. In this research enhancement techniques were applied to enhance the gain and the bandwidth of one MLA antenna. Antenna gain of 2.78dB at the resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz, the bandwidth is 440MHz, and return loss is -50dB. Furthermore, a shape modification to E-shape was applied on the antenna resulted in a small antenna gain and significant increase in the bandwidth.


FinFET technologies were seen as a potential roadblock for providing high ESD reliable ICs due to the 3D nature of the narrow Si fins which do not allow a large current conduction before thermal failure. However, a detailed assessment of common ESD structures such as diodes and grounded gate devices, has shown that ESD reliability is not a roadblock for finFET-based products. Studying both SOI and bulk FinFETs, bulk FinFET was found to provide superior ESD performance due to the fin connection to the substrate. Focusing on sub-20-nm bulk FinFET technologies, emerging challenges are not limited to dealing with the smaller silicon volume of the fins and finer pitch, but also with the introduction of high mobility channels in the fins. The introduction of these materials can have a profound impact on the intrinsic ESD performance and must therefore be studied. In this work we will present past learning on ESD protection devices in FinFET technologies, for SOI and bulk FinFETs, TCAD methods used to analyze the ESD results, and we will present the results for non-silicon FinFET technologies which are being considered for the 14 and 10-nm CMOS nodes.


The article is devoted to actual problems of the development of civil society in the context of modern youth policy. The author reveals the structure, features of civil society, as well as the main approaches to understanding of its contents. The author points out the role of youth organizations, defines the value of such categories as civic initiative, civic duty, civic conscience, citizenship. The influence of border or hybrid forms of youth policy for the development of civil society in Russia is considered.


Ag ions were implanted into sapphire in the keV and MeV energy regimes. The samples implanted at 3 MeV showed a large absorption peak at the wavelengths ranging from 390 to 450 nm when heated to temperatures higher than 800°C. This peak was found to be stable up to 1200°C. On the other hand, the samples implanted at 20 keV showed a large absorption peak at 460–470 nm in the as-implanted state. However, Ag atoms implanted in a shallow layer were gradually expelled toward the surface and aggregated on the surface when heated at temperatures higher than around 500°C. The intensity of the original peak gradually decreased and then another peak due to the small Ag particles which were formed on the surface appeared at 530–630 nm.


would immediately run into the problem of vitamin B deficiency as the next obstacle. Even among the various methods of making leaf protein he did not regard his own as being the only possible one, although it appeared to him to be the most probable one. There were various other means for getting more food which were also feasible, such as growing yeasts and bacteria growing on various sugar sources. He hoped he had not given the impression that there was


Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification technology which need not manual intervention. The RFID system is consist of lots of readers and tags. It often uses multiple readers to meet the demands which are cover area and identify speed. And reader collision happens when identification range of two or more readers is overlapping. Distributed color selection (DCS) protocol have been proposed to reduce reader collisions by arrange readers identify tags in different slot. However, it does not take remaining readers of prior slot into consideration. This paper proposes enhanced distributed color selection (EDCS) algorithm to increase the contemporary readers to identify. We give a new chance to collided readers in prior time slot to compete and identify. We conduct extensive simulations and demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm. The results show that our protocol can improve total activated reader number by about 10% in a frame. It is a great progress for the multireaders environment.


This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of variable inlet guide vanes and physical faults on the performance of a three-shaft gas turbine engine operating at full load. By utilizing the input data provided by the engine manufacturer, the performance models for both the design point and off-design scenarios have been developed. To ensure the accuracy of our models, validation was conducted using the manufacturer's data. Once the models were successfully validated, various degradation conditions, such as variable inlet guide vane drift, fouling, and erosion, were simulated. Three scenarios that cause gas turbine degradation have been considered and simulated: First, how would the variable inlet guide vane drift affect the gas turbine performance? Second, how would the combined effect of fouling and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance? Third, how would the combined effect of erosion and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance? The results revealed that up-VIGV drift, which is combined fouling and erosion, shows a small deviation because of offsetting the isentropic efficiency drop caused by fouling and erosion. It is clearly observed that fouling affects more upstream components, whereas erosion affects more downstream components. Furthermore, the deviation of performance and output parameters due to the combined faults has been discussed.


ABSTRACT NiCr matrix WSe2-BaF2·CaF2-Y-hBN and WSe2-BaF2·CaF2-Y powders were prepared by mechanical granulation and crushing, and composite coatings were fabricated by atmospheric plasma spray technology. The microstructures and phase compositions of the powders, as well as the coatings, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The friction coefficient and the wear behavior of the coatings from ambient temperature to 800°C were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. From the investigation of the worn surfaces, it was concluded that brittle fracture and delamination were the dominant wear mechanisms of the coatings at low temperature. At higher temperatures, a dense and protective oxide layer (BaCrO4 and NiO) is generated on the worn surfaces of the coatings. Layered hexagonal BN particles reduce the direct contact and severe adhesion between friction pairs. Thus, the friction coefficient of the NiCr-WSe2-BaF2·CaF2-Y-hBN coating is stable at the evaluated temperatures relative to the non-hBN coating. These fluorides exhibit excellent properties in these coatings over a large temperature range.


phobic. Their patients with recognized Addison's disease enjoyed eating a number of highfat-containing foods. There is, in my observation, an adolescent boy who presented strong gastrointestinal disturbances, which resolved after hormonal replacement.2 The only foods that he enjoyed eating, just before he developed Addisonian crisis, included french fries and hamburgers. There have also been reports of impaired fat absorption and steatorrhea in Addison's disease, which return to normal after appropriate endocrine therapy.3 A reduction in the activity of mucosal triglyceride-synthesizing enzymes has been demonstrated in the adrenalectomized rat and it


The natural chalcopyrite mineral CuFeS2 is a semiconductor material with potential for thermoelectric applications. This study presents the thermoelectric properties – electrical resistivity ρ, Seebeck coefficient S and thermal conductivity κ – of the substituted on the Cu site and/or sulfur deficient CuFeS2 chalcopyrite based series Cu1−xMxFeS2−y (M = Mn, Co, Ni, x ≤ 0.05 and y ≤ 0.02). All samples have been densified by spark plasma sintering, allowing proper measurements of S, ρ and κ at high temperature. All compounds show n-type semiconducting properties with large absolute values of S, from −220 to −340 μV K−1. Maximum ZT values up to 0.20 at 623 K were obtained for Cu0.97Mn0.03FeS2 and Cu0.98Co0.02FeS1.98. The veracity of Mn for Cu substitution into the structure has been confirmed by EDS analyses, coupled to electron diffraction within a transmission electron microscope. The latter study demonstrates the existence of twinned domains. The thermal conductivity reaches values as low as κ ∼ 1.2 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K. The magnetic properties of a Mn substituted sample did not show any significant modification in the magnetic behavior compared to the pristine CuFeS2 compound. The small negative magnetoresistance observed in CuFeS2 of about −2% at 5 K in 9 T is degraded in the Mn substituted sample.


In the design of pulse tube refrigerators, one-dimensional analytical models are usually used for calculating the influence of the system design parameters. The influence of the geometry is restricted to general system characteristics, e.g. the diameter only influences average velocity and properties such as flow resistance and heat exchange. Phenomena like acoustic streaming or turbulence are not present in these models. These phenomena are usually two- or three-dimensional, and cause additional losses in pulse tube performance. Therefore, in addition to the existing models, two-or three-dimensional computational flow dynamics calculations can be done to visualise and estimate the influence of these losses. In this paper, preliminary results-obtained with a commercially available CFD package-are presented.


This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary cellulose levels on growth, nitrogen utilization, the retention time of diets in the digestive tract, and caecal microflora of 2-month-old Single Comb White Leghorn male chickens fed 3 purified diets that contained 0, 3.5% and 10% cellulose in equal amount of nutrients for 7 days. Body weight gain and nitrogen utilization were significantly higher (p<0.05), while total microflora counts in the caecal contents and retention time of the diet in the digestive tract were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the group fed 3.5% dietary cellulose compared with the group fed 10% dietary cellulose. Body weight gain, nitrogen utilization and retention time of the diet in the digestive tract decreased significantly while the total microflora count in the caecal contents increased significantly in the group fed 10% dietary cellulose compared to the group fed 0% dietary cellulose (p<0.05). Chickens fed 10% dietary cellulose had significantly increased counts of uric acid-degradative bacteria such as Peptococcaceae and Eubacterium, including Peptostreptococcus (p<0.05). The results suggest that cellulose in purified diets is an effective ingredient and the effects on growth, nitrogen utilization, caecal microflora counts and diet retention time in the digestive tract are dependent on the inclusion rate. Positive or negative effects of dietary cellulose are displayed by growth, nitrogen utilization, caecal microflora counts and retention time of the diet in the digestive tract. Positive effects were displayed when the inclusion rate is 3.5% and negative effects were displayed when that is greater than 3.5% of the diet, and the phenomenon is without reference to the age of the chickens. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 6 : 863-866)


We examine variations of cops and robbers games on graphs. Our goals are to introduce some randomness into their study, and to estimate (expected) capture time. We show that a cop chasing a random walker can capture him in expected time n + o(n). We also discuss games in which the players move in the dark (showing that a cop can capture an immobile hider in time n on any graph and any robber in time n on Kn) and in which the players suffer various restrictions on their movements. Finally, we consider open problems, including the idea of a patrolling scheme—that is, a plan for the "beat" a cop ought to walk on a graph in order to maximize the danger for the robber of committing a crime at any given location.


As the world population marches towards the 9 billion mark by 2050, factors critical for the sustenance of the ecosystems will come under increasing stress. Having crossed the 7 billion figure in 2011, the 9 billion mark may well be reached much earlier based on population predictions depending on advances in science and behavioural changes. How humanity will address the depletion of resources crucial to our survival will have a bearing on life style, societal values and peace on the planet. Mankind appears to have tipped the scale in favour of population versus resources, probably for all time, and the balance of resources and their use is no longer in our favour (United Nations, 2005). In April 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment carried out by the United Nations (2005) indicated that "...the ability of ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted ". In the same year, in a significant development, the United Nations in its Millennium Project Report (2005) addressed the potential of nanotechnology for sustainable development. Salamanca-Buentello et al. (2005) in their assessment of nanotechnology for developing the world have listed 10 areas for nanotechnology development, aligned with the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs).


Fig. 1 A typical wave form of an ECG The dominant component of the ECG is the QRS complex, which indicates the electrical depolarization of the muscles in the ventricle of the heart. [1] Several clinical applications including ECG monitoring system in intensive care unit, operating room and implantable defibrillator require accurate QRS detection algorithms whiles The QRS is easily recognized by a human observer. Previous automated algorithm detects QRS complexes when the ECG amplitude exceeds a threshold level. [2] Various types of automated algorithms were proposed in the literature for modifying QRS detection. This algorithms use multiple features of the EGG including RR internal, pulse duration and amplitude, to detect QRS complexes. (fig.2)


This new species is described and illustrated for the first time. It is characterised by the pair of stipules at each node being joined between the leaf they subtend and the branchlet for most of their length and consistently greatly overlapping the leaf base and stipular pair of the node above. It is currently known from two localities approximately 15 km apart in two different environmental associations. New characters involving two types of fusion of the stipules of each pair are used to clarify the affinities of this species and are of potential use in defining generic relationships of the Australian stellate-haired Rhamneae.


Appreciation of music is a process of understanding the music of its own,having resonance and possessing aesthetic pleasure.In our daily life,people should learn to enjoy music,experience the feelings in it.Mastering basic knowledge and the skills of appreciating music are essential so as to cultivate aesthetic capacity of appreciating music and promote aesthetic interest in music art.


Viscosupplementation is the current treatment modality for early stage arthritis and in some cases for delaying joint replacement procedures. Rheological properties similar to that of synovial fluid and high molecular weight have been recognized as the determining factors in hyaluronic acids (HA) therapeutic and analgesic value (1). In this study, the self assembly of peptides into beta-sheet structures in solution (2–4) is explored to develop novel biocompatible injectable joint lubricants. These peptides can be delivered into the joint easily in their low viscosity monomer form, while they are designed to self-assemble in situ under physiological conditions. Four different peptides P11-4, P11-8, P11-9, and P11-12 were designed based on the chemical motif of hyaluronic acid and were found to self-assemble into nematic fluids and gels under physiological conditions. Friction characteristics of these peptides as lubricants were evaluated in a bovine cartilage on cartilage model using a simple pin on plate geometry and under various sliding conditions. Friction tests were carried out using both healthy and damaged bovine cartilage samples, to study the therapeutic effect of these peptides as lubricants. Further, a rheometer with cone-on-plate configuration was used to study these peptides in shear viscosity and oscillatory shear modes to determine their viscoelastic properties. Both the friction properties and rheological behaviour of the peptides were compared to that of a commercially available hyaluronic acid preparation that was tested along with the peptides. Peptide P11-9 was found to have very similar viscoelastic properties to that of HA, and was also the most effective in friction level reduction among the four peptides tested. When compared to HA, P11-9 showed slightly better friction characteristics in all the healthy cartilage models, while HA was the best lubricant in damaged cartilage models when compared to P11-9 and other peptides. The results indicate that these novel self assembling peptides can be developed as a new generation of synthetic viscosupplements for the treatment of early stage arthritis.


Intersection in at least one selected region of the cornea treated binder-system for corneal treatment is crossed includes a light source that activates the bond. The light source delivers light activated light in at least one selected region of the cornea in accordance with the set of parameters. System, the cross-a controller for receiving an input associated with the set of binding agents, and parameters. The controller is a computer-readable storage including a medium, such a computer-readable medium comprising: - determining a combined (A) crossing resulting from the reaction containing the ROS, including at least a peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals program instructions, and (B) from cross-reaction that does not contain oxygen-stores the program instructions for determining a binding. The controller, in at least one intersection of the selected region of the cornea - executes a program instruction for outputting the calculated amount of the combination. Cross-response to the calculated amount of the combination, a light source and adjusts the at least one value in a set of parameters.


Some systems are developed to help psychiatrists perform diagnoses. Among the approaches to characterize disease by systems tried, the study of face movements seems very informative concerning the state of the patient. We present a set of methods that enable us to characterize 3-D head and eyes movements in the following conditions: mobility of the subject in a sitting position and background lighting of the room. Our approach yields in a simple way to localize the iris and the characterization of its movement in 3-D space. The 3-D data are derived from stereoscopic system. The absolute 3-D movement of eyeballs and their relative movement with regard to the head are obtained, even when moving. A multiresolution method to deal with movements of great differences in amplitude, such as eye closure, is also presented. No specific lighting is required.


[43183-36-4] C9H13N3Si (MW 191.31)

InChI = 1S/C9H13N3Si/c1-13(2,3)12-9-7-5-4-6-8(9)10-11-12/h4-7H,1-3H3

InChIKey = VHOLOZYRMQVHBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Physical Data: oil; bp 125–126 °C at 3 mmHg; d 1.054 g mL−1; flash point −3 °C (26 °F).

Solubility: CH2Cl2, hexane, toluene, and most organic solvents. Sensitive to water and protic solvents.

Form Supplied in: oil; commercial or readily prepared from benzotriazole.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is easy to prepare and handle; however, some precautions should be taken. It should be kept under nitrogen atmosphere, since it is sensitive to water, and preferably under refrigeration. It is quite flammable and should be kept away from sources of ignition. Being an N-silyl derivative, it is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system, and should be handled wearing suitable protective clothing (glasses, gloves, etc.) and under a fume hood.

Preparative Methods Procedure A: equimolecular amounts of benzotriazole and bis(trimethylsilyl)amine [NH(SiMe3)2] are stirred under reflux; the product is purified by distillation.1a Procedure B: benzotriazole (119 mg, 1.0 mmol) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (743 μL, 610 mg, 3.0 mmol) under nitrogen were heated to 130 °C and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was then cooled to 26 °C and dry toluene (3 mL) was added; the volatiles were removed under vacuum, and the operation was repeated twice. The reagent can be used in the next step without further purification.1b)


With the method of documentary,interview and questionnaire,the involvement of rural citizens in sport also has a potential to contribute to social capital.Understood in simple terms as norms of reciprocity and associational life,social capital is often regarded as a positive resource in rural areas.Drawing on a case study of the North-Western Australia,this paper examines the links between sport and social capital in a rural region.


Rolled UpAt about 9:00 p.m. on May 7, 2007, Dritan and Shain Duka arrived at a home in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. 1 They had an important meeting that night--a meeting long in the making. They rang the doorbell and waited. Their appointment was to purchase AK-47 and M-16 assault rifles, the first installment of weapons needed for a terrorist attack against targets in the U.S. The Dukas must have been nervous; Osama bin Laden himself had not successfully attacked the United States at home since September 11th . The Dukas probably did not attribute al Qa'ida and bin Laden's failure to an innovation in U.S. government counter terrorism organization. Perhaps they should have. Members of the South Jersey Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) closed in, arresting the Dukas and four other alleged co-conspirators. Work by the JTTF, involving law enforcement personnel from a sweeping range of local, state, and federal agencies, had turned a single tip into six arrests.That tip, from Circuit City clerk Brian Morgenstern, began an eighteen-month long investigation by the South Jersey JTTF. 2 Over a year and a half, the JTTF tracked the suspects and their activities by drawing on the expertise, contacts, and unique knowledge of individual JTTF members from law enforcement agencies at every jurisdictional level. The team collaborated to build an investigation on thorough and convincing evidence of the suspects' conspiracy to attack the U.S. Army base at Fort Dix, New Jersey, as well as possibly other military bases and public events. On May 7, 2007, the "Fort Dix Six" were arrested and accused of conspiring to commit murder. Since that time, one of the conspirators has pled guilty to weapons charges. The other suspects await trial.Homeland Security and Innovating Bureaucratic OrganizationThe Joint Terrorism Task Force is a homeland security success because of the "mission-first" attitude inherent to its organization. The JTTFs, as "cross-functional teams," are composed of officers from nearly every major law enforcement entity in the United States. This organization makes the mission paramount by subordinating traditional institutional and bureaucratic boundaries to the critical counterterrorism tasks at hand. The fact that terrorists have not successfully conducted a domestic terrorist attack against the United States is not an accident and is not for lack of effort on the terrorists' part. Dr. James Carafano of the Heritage Foundation notes at least sixteen major terror plots disrupted by U.S. law enforcement since the World Trade Center attack. 3 The case of the Dukas' conspiracy is just one thread in a tapestry of counterterrorism and homeland security successes by the JTTFs since 9/11.Consequence management, the ability of the U.S. government to respond to and recover from a devastating terrorist attack or natural disaster, will be the most critical element of homeland security success in the future. Even if we are able to prevent every future terrorist attack, the U.S. government must still be capable of responding to catastrophic natural disasters to save lives and diminish damage to property. As President Bush and others have said, while the U.S. government must be right every time, the terrorists need only be lucky once. Hurricane Katrina painfully demonstrated that when local, state, and federal agencies respond to catastrophes, the whole is far less than the sum of its parts. Though some progress is being made, observations from the most recent National Level Exercises and observations recorded in the 2006 Katrina Lessons Learned Report still reflect that mission success in consequence management takes a backseat to parochialism among departments and agencies. 4This essay identifies what makes the JTTF successful and applies those lessons to the planning and execution of consequence management operations. The first section of the essay addresses the Department of Justice charter for preventing terrorist attacks and the history of the JTTF as the context for its organizational arrangement and success. …


In the tobacco industry, the acquisition sheet is a kind of document used by the tobacco monopoly administration to record the information about the acquisition of fake and illicit cigarettes when the tobacco crime is seized by the "Internet Plus Express". To automatically identify the information helps to realize the automation of information management of tobacco monopoly administration department, and then build delivering for smoke crime management and prediction system, thus to deliver smoke involved crime effectively, and realize the wisdom of the tobacco industry monopoly, so to handwriting recognition research of the acquisition sheet image is very necessary. In this paper, an improved CRNN network text recognition method is proposed. Firstly, the acquisition sheet image with interference such as shadow and seal is preprocessed based on color channel separation method. Then, in the presence of printed text, the YoloX model is used to detect the handwritten text in the image, and the handwritten text line dataset is obtained. Then, the CNN network is improved by adding Swish activation function and attention mechanism to obtain the depth image features of handwritten text line data. BiLSTM network predicts the input feature sequence and finally realizes the recognition of handwritten text. Through the algorithm in this paper, the detection of handwritten text in the acquisition sheet image reaches an average accuracy of 0.983. The experimental results show that, compared with the CRNN model, the improved CRNN model in this paper has a better effect on the recognition of handwritten text in the acquisition sheet image.


This is the first study to present in depth the key facts about Europe's terms of trade. Emphasizing long-run aspects, Mr. Kindleberger develops a theory of how the terms of trade are likely to behave in the course of a nation's economic development.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a reasonable return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry and to study the return level of the domestic pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2005.METHODS:In view of the financial data of Chinese pharmaceutical industry in the statistical yearbook from 2001 to 2006,the return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry was established based on its risk level using the principle of "risk-return equilibrium",and the rationality of the return level of Chinese pharmaceutical industry over the 6 years was validated as well.RESULTS:Over the 6 years,the average lowest anticipating rate of return for the Chinese medicine industry was 7.72% and the actually average assets income rate stood at 8.53%,i.e.the average abnormal return rate over the 6 years was 0.81%.CONCLUSION:The return rate of Chinese pharmaceutical industry corresponds to the risk level as well as the reasonable return level.


A full-wave analysis of the aperture fields of a coaxial electromagnetic sensor is presented. The authors use a full-wave formulation of the problem and develop an integral equation to evaluate the aperture fields under various conditions. The effects of a finite-size flange and the presence of higher-order modes are studied. The aperture admittances are evaluated and compared with the corresponding results obtained by G. Roussy et al. (1992). These results are also compared with previous ones obtained under the quasi-static approximation and with measured data. This study is expected to facilitate in situ material characterization in the millimeter-wave frequency range.<<ETX>>


A novel chemically modified electrode based on the chitosan-multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described, which exhibited an attractive ability to determine uric acid (UA) and norepinephrine (NE) simultaneously. The responses of UA and NE merged into a large peak at a bare GCE, but yielded two well-defined oxidation peaks at the chitosan-MWNT modified GCE (MC/GCE). The experimental parameters were optimized, and a direct electrochemical method for the simultaneous determine for UA and NE is proposed. The MC/GCE showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability.


Abstract : Viscoelastic damping materials are used to control resonant vibrations in mechanical and structural systems. Before these materials can be applied to a naval air application, they must demonstrate an ability to survive the aggressive marine environment. This report documents the results of a laboratory investigation into the durability of the Polymer D damping material. In general, Polymer D was found to have adequate durability as long as it is shielded from excessive exposure to operational fluids.


We study a setting where the opportunism or commitment problem identifed by Hart and Tirole (1990) may arise. An upstream monopolist may sell its product to two differentiated downstream retailers. Contract unobservability induces the manufacturer and each retailer to free-ride on margins earned by rival retailers, resulting in low transfer prices and low overall profit. O'Brien and Shaffer (1992) proposed a solution to this problem involving squeezing retail margins by using maximum RPM and high transfer prices. We show that when retail demand depends in any degree of retail sales effort, this equilibrium breaks down, and the opportunism problem reappears with full force. We show that no type of own-sale contracts or combination of own-sale restraints will solve the problem if sales effort matter. Moreover we show that certain horizontal commitments, as for example industrywide minimum RPM, may restore the fully integrated outcome, but only in special cases.


Stem analysis data collected from 101 sample trees located in 12 plantations established between 1930 and 1982 throughout central Maine were used to develop total and merchantable stem volume prediction equations, and site index prediction equations for plantation-grown European larch. The inside bark merchantable volume equation (4 in. top dob and 12 fi minimum merchantable bole) using a weighted combined variable was very similar to one for Japanese larch in Pennsylvania. Site index curves from this study were identical to those developed in southern New York and New England below a breast height (bh) age of 20 yr; after bh age 20, our curves predicted increasingly greater height growth and show a 6-12ft superiority in height at a bh age of 50. North. J. Appl. For. 10(2):70-74. Shortages in the spruce-fir fiber supply are projected in New Brunswick (Baskerville 1983), Maine (Seymour and Lemin 1989), and the Lake States (Einspahr et al. 1984) if passive forest management practices continue. Projected fiber shortages have stimulated research examining expanded use of fast-growing exotic larch species into the fiber supply of northeastern pulp mills (Hatton 1987, Lawford 1987). Impressive early height and volume growth of exotic larches have been observed in numerous provenance t sts and plantation trials throughout the Northeast (Carter et al. 1981, Park and Fowler 1983, Einspahr et al. 1984, Mroz et al. 1988, Boyle et al. 1989). Despite its potential, only one study has been done to provide basic mensuration properties for European larch (Larixdecidua Miller) in North America. Aird and Stone's (1955) site index curves for European larch plantations insouthern New York and southern New England are untested in more northerly locations. In addition, Shipman and Fairweather's (1986) volume equations for Japanese larch in Pennsylvania have not been tested elsewhere or for other Larix species. This study was designed to test he applicability of previous work to European larch plantations in Maine and to develop new equations as warranted. No•: Financial support for this project was provided by the Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, University of Maine, and Scott Paper Company, Fairfield, ME. This is a contribution of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, manuscript No. 1675. Methods Thirty-one plots were established in 12 plantations located •n central Maine following a northeasterly band from Rumford to Milo. A plantation was considered suitable if it was well stocked (free of significant mortality), unfertilized, composed predomlnanfly of European larch, and apparently free from intense competition. ff more than one plot was established wittun a plantation, locations were selected to incorporate site differences as suggested by edaphic or physiographic features. Three vigorous dominant or codominant site trees (2 plots had 4 site trees) having well-developed, apparently healthy crowns with no indication of suppression or damage were selected for stem analysis. Data collected from nonsite trees (intermediate crown class damaged during the felling of s•te trees) were also included in the volume quations. A total of 101 trees (95 site trees and 6 nonsite trees) were destructively sampled. After felling, outside bark diameters (dob) were marked, measured, and recorded to the nearest 0.04 in. at the stump (6 in.), breast height (bh = 4.5 ft), and at successive 3.28 ft intervals above bh. Field data, originally measured in metric, were converted to English units. A disk approximately 1 in. thick was removed from each site tree at the marked sections. Disks from site trees were labeled and remmed to the laboratory where they were sanded and aged. For each tree, the time to attain bh was determined by subtracting the bh age (i.e., number of rings in bh disk) from the plantation age (as determined by landowner records).


Prestimulation with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) augments radioiodine 131I therapy for benign nontoxic multinodular goiter. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time interval between rhTSH and 131I administration to enhance thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). Methods: Patients were randomized, in a 2-factorial design, to receive either a 0.1-mg dose of rhTSH (n 5 60) or placebo (n 5 30) and to a time interval of 24, 48, or 72 h before 131I administration. The rhTSHor placebo-stimulated RAIU study was performed at 4 wk after a baseline RAIU assessment in a tertiary referral center at a university hospital. A total of 90 patients (78 women; median age, 52 y; range, 22–83 y) referred to 131I therapy for symptomatic nontoxic goiter (median goiter volume, 63 mL; range, 25–464 mL) were included in the study. Change in thyroid RAIU was determined at 24 and 96 h after 131I tracer administration. Results: In the placebo subgroups, RAIU did not change significantly from baseline. The mean (6SE) 24-h RAIU increased from 33.8% 6 2.3% to 66.0% 6 1.8% (111.2% increase) with a 24-h interval, from 36.8% 6 2.1% to 64.6% 6 2.7% (83.3% increase) with a 48-h interval, and from 33.0% 6 2.7% to 49.6% 6 2.5% (62.4% increase) with a 72-h interval. All within-group changes were highly significant (P , 0.001). The effect was negatively correlated with initial RAIU (r 5 20.703, P , 0.001). The increase in 24and 96-h RAIU was significantly higher in the rhTSH/24-h group than it was in the rhTSH/72-h group (P 5 0.023 and 0.012, respectively) and insignificantly higher than in the rhTSH/48-h group (P 5 0.37 and 0.26, respectively). Conclusion: The effect of rhTSH on thyroid RAIU is most pronounced when administered 24 h before 131I administration and declines with longer time intervals. Whether there is a similar time dependency for goiter reduction after rhTSH-stimulated 131I-therapy remains to be clarified.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on stakeholder corporate social responsibility (CSR) to predict the corporate image (CI) of banking users in Myanmar. Each dimension of stakeholder CSR was applied from a consumer perspective. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data using convenience sampling. Five hundred and seventy-four valid responses were received from banking users and were analyzed using a structural equation model. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between CSR's four dimensions: CSR targeted at social and non-social stakeholders, at customers, at employees, and at government and CI. CSR targeted at customers was most influential on CI, while CSR targeted at social and non-social stakeholders was the least influential. These results should be used by banks to effectively design and implement CI through application of the stakeholder CSR model. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, Corporate image, Stakeholder.


Let G(V,E) be a connect graph with order at leastn2,k are positive integers and f is a mapping from V(G)∪V(G) to C={1,2,…,k}.If(1) for any uv,vw∈E(G),u≠w,we have f(uv)≠f(vw);(2) for any uv∈E(G),u≠v,we have f(u)≠f(v),f(u)≠f(uv),f(v)≠f(uv),then f is called k-proper-total-coloring(k-TC of G in brief)),and the number χt(G)=min{k|k-TC of G} is called a total chromatic number of G.Let G and H be two disconnect simple graphs,namely V(G)∩V(H)=E(G)∩E(H)=Φ.The graph G∨H is called join graph where V(G∨H)=V(G)∪V(H),E(G∨H)=E(G)∪E(H)∪{uv|u∈V(G),v∈V(H)}.In this paper,the total chromatic number of the join graph of star with order m+1 and fan with order n+1 was given.


Purpose : A review on sustained release drug delivery using polymer matrix with emphasis on its contemporary usage and future trends. Approach : An introduction to sustained release drug delivery system (SR DDS), followed by its rationale, advantages, disadvantages, criteria of a drug to be met to formulate sustained release formulations, classification of matrix tablets, classification of polymers, its mechanism and recent advancements. Finding : Recent studies indicate that sustained delivery for a very long period, in terms of months is possible using suitable polymer matrices. Also, challenging drug candidates such as proteins are now successfully delivered as sustained release dosage forms. Conclusion : Sustained release DDS, since 1940s has evolved in different types of dosage forms for sustained effect but future scope will be to treat chronic diseases providing sustained effect.


The caption for Table III on page 582 is incorrect. The correct caption is "TABLE III. Acoustic similarity (F1∕F2 in Bark values) of Japanese and American English (AE) vowels: hVb(a) syllables produced in sentence."


This paper provides a review of path-tracking strategies used in autonomous agricultural vehicles, mainly from two aspects: vehicle model construction and the development and improvement of path-tracking algorithms. Vehicle models are grouped into numerous types based on the structural characteristics and working conditions, including wheeled tractors, tracked tractors, rice transplanters, high clearance sprays, agricultural robots, agricultural tractor–trailers, etc. The application and improvement of path-tracking control methods are summarized based on the different working scenes and types of agricultural machinery. This study explores each of these methods in terms of accuracy, stability, robustness, and disadvantages/advantages. The main challenges in the field of agricultural vehicle path tracking control are defined, and future research directions are offered based on critical reviews. This review aims to provide a reference for determining which controllers to use in path-tracking control development for an autonomous agricultural vehicle.


The article reviews the role of universities in the innovation economy, the transformation of universities in innovation universities is described. Main goals of developing an innovative institution are presented, which require innovation-oriented approach in the management of universities.


We report a case of a synchronous primary small-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with ectopic gastrin and calcitonin production. The double primary carcinomas appeared to arise from dysplastic Barrett's mucosa in a 43-year-old woman with a long history of reflux esophagitis. She is one of the few reported long-term survivors treated by surgical resection and combination chemotherapy. The histopathology and treatment of this rare tumor are briefly discussed.


This IPRO was created to address the increasing concern of energy supply. Currently used sources of energy are polluting the environment and being depleted rapidly. Thus, there must be some other means of alternative energy to power today's vehicles and appliances. Fuel cells are one possible alternative because they have the potential to be more environmentally safe, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than internal combustion engines. The purpose of this IPRO was to evaluate the feasibility of fuel cells in commercial applications such as military and defense, automotive, and aerospace. Three main aspects of fuel cells were investigated: performance, comparison with other power sources, and incorporation of design. The team researched industrial and commercial properties of fuel cells and studied ways to improve the catalysts and reduce fuel impurities. Fuel cell performance and cost was compared and contrasted with internal combustion engines, and eventually, a design was drafted that incorporated a fuel cell system as the power source for a light aircraft using engineering design principles. The first approach to this problem was to research the technical aspects of fuel cells. This included types of fuel cells, fuel analysis, and cost analysis. From this, it was determined that polybenzimidazole (PBI) fuel cells were the most promising. Next, the group investigated for possible applications of a fuel cell system. Commercial automobiles were determined not to be feasible with current technology because a fuel cell engine and associated reforming processes are too heavy, not space efficient, and not cost effective. Then unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned submersible vehicles were considered as two possible military applications. Unmanned submersible vehicles were dismissed because storage of hydrogen and oxygen would be too difficult under the high pressures encountered in the deep sea. Unmanned air vehicles were chosen as the best option because of space the and air available in aircrafts versus submersibles. Several UAV designs were considered. The first design was applied to an original IIT designed aircraft by MMAE senior students, which was determined to be too small to carry the fuel cell it would require. Next, different models on the market developed by large corporations such as Boeing, Northrop Grumman, AeroVironment and General Atomics were considered, only to encounter the same difficulty as with the student-made design. As another alternative, model airplanes were investigated because their power and size requirements were easily accessible. However, replacing the battery with a fuel cell system was deemed unlikely, again due to size and weight limitations. Finally, we decided that the best possible choice was converting a twopassenger airplane into a UAV because the space and weight originally designed for two people could be easily adapted and used for the space and weight of a fuel cell power system. This IPRO was especially difficult because the team was researching a topic that is still in its infant stages. Fuel cells are only now being put into small scale production and it is a huge leap from there into commercial and military applications. This IPRO was a challenge but still a success. All students learned about fuel cell operation and were constantly working in groups and communicating ideas to the team. This IPRO encountered many obstacles but found ways up, over and around them as a team.


A new antifungal alkaloid named fungerin was isolated as a fungal metabolite of Fusarium sp. The structure of fungerin was elucidated principally by NMR spectroscopy involving 15N-NMR studies using the pulsed field gradient (PFG)-HMBC technique at natural abundance.


Nowadays the problem of production of high qualitative and natural plant protein is of great importance. Leguminous plants are one of the main sources of protein, in Russia it is peas. Peas have a great economic value due to its variety of application and its unique biochemical composition. Thus the improvement of its breeding is of great and urgent importance. The Altay Area with its large territory, well defined zoning and changeable climate needs a great range of different, complementary and stress tolerant varieties. FSBSI 'Altay RIA' has been conducting a purposeful breeding work with leguminous plants since 1970. During the period the institute developed seven varieties of peas. In 2014 a new leafy variety of peas 'Altaysky Universalny' was listed into the State List (Register) of Breeding Achievements, approved for use in the West-Siberian region (24.01.2012. B№174. RU №6453 of 04.05.2012). The variety of peas 'Altaysky Universalny' is a middle maturing variety. The resistance to lodging, seed cracking and fall is the same as of the standard variety. The drought tolerance is above average. The resistance to diseases and pests is the same as of the standard variety. The variety combines forage and grain productivity. Grain productivity during the years of Variety Testing (2009-2011) was 1.99 t/ha, that is on 0.25 t/ha more than that of the standard variety. 1000-seed weight is 230 g, that is on 25 g more than that of the standard variety. The content of raw protein in absolutely dry matter is 21.5-23.6%. It's necessary to note, the new variety of peas 'Altaysky Universalny' possesses a number of valuable economic and biological traits and properties, which can be used in the breeding process. Its wide application on the farms of the West-Siberian region will improve food and forage background as well as solve a key problem of biological agriculture.


The most prevalent causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is uropathogenic Escherichia coli, corresponding to 50–90% of uncomplicated, around 30–70% of nosocomial UTIs. There has been renewed interest toward the clinical value of older, nonβ-lactam antibiotics (including fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) used for the therapy UTIs caused by drug resistant bacteria, including AmpC-producing or an extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative strains. The aim of our study was to determine the resistance levels of AmpC-producing or ESBL-producing E. coli strains, against the relevant ancillary antibiotics that may be used in the treatment of UTIs. Isolates were collected from the time period between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 from patients with uncomplicated and complicated UTIs treated at the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center (Szeged, Hungary). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. Out of the 10 837 isolates, n = 2010 (18.5%; 402 ± 43 isolates/year) E. coli isolates were either AmpC-producers or ESBL-producers, whereas n = 1398 (12.8%; 280 ± 12 isolates/year) produced the two groups of β-lactamases simultaneously. The highest levels of coresistance overall was seen for ciprofloxacin (68.2%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (58.6%), whereas resistance levels were lower in regards to gentamicin (39.0%), fosfomycin (20.3%) and considerably lower for nitrofurantoin (11.1%). Our analysis of urine-specific AmpC-producing or ESBL-producing E. coli isolates is a useful addition to the literature, as clinicians may rely on this data for empiric antibiotic selection for UTI.


This paper reflects on the valorisation and appreciation of design in the urban space, framing, describing and analysing three projects that matched design, the city, informal learning and mobile technologies. Teaching design in an informal context is at the core of these experiences that are discussed as representative of three different approaches: an iconic approach that starts from renowned design products and personalities, a didactic approach which deals with design as a discipline and finally a monographic approach that focuses on specific aspects of design. 1. Valorisation and recognition The design culture is closely ingrained in the urban fabrics of contemporary industrialised cities but some of them show an exceptional relationship with design. Since the golden age of the Italian design, after WWII, Milan has become iconic of the Made in Italy, crossroad of great masters, productive districts, firms and brands. Milan is frequently identified with design and this identity becomes exceptionally evident during events such as the fashion weeks and Salone del mobile that transform the city into a big fair and a continuous show. The value of these happenings is clearly unique but it's also true that they show only a little part of what design is and has been in Milan. The mundane mood of Fuori Salone disappears at the end of these weeks and design goes back to showrooms, design offices, universities and museums, out of the mind of great part of citizens and, maybe, not even known by tourists. When the lights turn off, recognising design and its contribution to the city is only for those who work in the field, and requires information and interpretation for the others, for non-experts who are interested in the matter or for amateurs that desire to deepen their knowledge.


ABSTRACT the purpose of this study was to describe the learning results increase in grade IV in the IPA learning through Contextual approach to Teaching And Learning (CTL) in SDN 01 Sintuk Toboh Gadang. The subject in this study are grade IV, which amounted to 26 students. Research instrument used in this research is to use observation sheets affective, psychomotor activity observation sheet, teachers and tests the results of the study. The results of research using the cognitive aspects of learning results students 74.6 in cycle I increased to 84.6 in cycle II, affective aspect students 70.4 in cycle I increased to 81.9 in cycle II, aspects of psychomotor 74.2 students in cycle I increased to 86.5 in cycle II. Research results can be concluded that the results of the study in SCIENCE learning through the Contextual approach to Teaching And Learning (CTL) in class IV SDN 02 Sintuk Toboh Gadang can be improved. Based on these results the researchers recommended that teachers can apply a Contextual approach to Teaching And Learning (CTL) well in learning the IPA in accordance with the material being taught. Key Words: Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL), IPA, The Results Of The Study


The advent of very precise measurements of rate coefficients in reactions of muonium (Mu), the lightest hydrogen isotope, with H2 in its ground and first vibrational state and of kinetic isotope effects with respect to heavier isotopes has triggered a renewed interests in the field of muonic chemistry. The aim of the present article is to review the most recent results about the dynamics and mechanism of the reaction Mu+H2 to shed light on the importance of quantum effects such as tunnelling, the preservation of the zero point energy, and the vibrational adiabaticity. In addition to accurate quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, quasiclassical trajectories (QCT) have been run in order to check the reliability of this method for this isotopic variant. It has been found that the reaction with H2(v=0) is dominated by the high zero point energy (ZPE) of the products and that tunnelling is largely irrelevant. Accordingly, both QCT calculations that preserve the products' ZPE as well as those based on the Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics methodology can reproduce the QM rate coefficients. However, when the hydrogen molecule is vibrationally excited, QCT calculations fail completely in the prediction of the huge vibrational enhancement of the reactivity. This failure is attributed to tunnelling, which plays a decisive role breaking the vibrational adiabaticity when v=1. By means of the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the tunnelling takes place through the ν1=1 collinear barrier. Somehow, the tunnelling that is missing in the Mu+H2(v=0) reaction is found in Mu+H2(v=1).


Genera with large numbers of species present particular difficulties; the analysis of relationships, of included taxa may be roblematic. One attempt to aproach this problem involves the reco of clusters of species tIat may be informally assembgd into species groups. The problems tE:g the recognition of such assemblages may induce are exlored. It is not that the species groups, as originail formulated, are problematic as they are initiafy erected to demarcate clusters withm an imperfectly known phylogeny of a supposedly monophyletic group. These species groups, however, tend to become recognized as "taxa" rather than operationaf clusters and as such tend to influence the approach to the inclusive taxon taken by subsequent workers. Rather than testing the concept of the species grous, there is a tendency to retain them and to insert other groups between them that do not exactly fit the original scheme. The establishment of species groups, first used to clarify a complex situation, has teen a source of problems for subseuent workers. The history of this aproach is traced for the gekkonid genus Diplodactylus and the problems that have arisen are outlined.


Due primarily to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the municipal bond market has undergone great changes in the last two years. Because of severe limitations on the purposes for which and processes by which tax-exempt bonds can be issued, the volume of new issues has fallen dramatically. Interest rates, while volatile, have been declining. The municipal market, although dealing with various cross-currents of unrest emanating from credit quality problems, changing buyers, disclosure concerns, and adverse court decisions, nevertheless appears well positioned to concentrate its resources on its traditional role in the financing infrastructure.


For two settings of a crystal, given four sets of corresponding indices, the compatible transformation equations are derived. The four sets may be face indices, edge indices or a mixed group of four sets.


Preface - James Bracher Introduction - Marie E Cowart and William J Serow Perspectives on Nursing Personnel in the 1980s - Susan A Carlson, Marie E Cowart and Dianne L Speake Political Climate and Approach to Policy Analysis - Marie E Cowart et al State Policies and Legislation - Dianne L Speake Supply and Demand Trends - William J Serow The Education of Nurses - Dianne L Speake Hospital Perspectives on Nurse Employment - William J Serow, Marie E Cowart and Yen Chen Nurses Work in Nursing Homes - Marie E Cowart Community Employment Settings for Nurses - Marie E Cowart and Dianne L Speake Supplemental Nursing Staff - Marie E Cowart and Dianne L Speake Retention and Recruitment of Nursing Personnel - Winifred H Schmeling The Competitive Employment Market for Nurses - William J Serow and Marie E Cowart An Action Plan for Nurse Executives - Charlotte Dison Changes in Institutional-Care Delivery - Peter J Levin and Barbara J Clark The New Role of the Nursing Professional in the Redesigned Workplace The Policy Agenda - Marie E Cowart and William J Serow


The study points up the specific diversity of German baroque literature. Alongside a general overview of this characteristic, it also provides an analysis of specific forms of latitude available in the genres epigram and sonnet. Further, it indicates different kinds of license afforded by baroque poetologies despite their otherwise highly restrictive nature. Processes of literary diversification encouraged certain freedoms in the practice of literature over and against the poetological limitations imposed. To what extent did this contribute to the decline of the baroque poetological paradigm around 1730?


Traditional intrusion detection methods lack extensibility in face of changing network configurations as well as adaptability in face of unknown attack types. Meanwhile, current machine-learning algorithms need labeled data for training first, so they are computational expensive and somethaes misled by artificial data. In this paper, a new detection algorithm, the Intrusion Detection Based on Immune Clustering algorithm, is proposed. It can automatically establish clusters and detect intruders by compute the outlier factor of each data item. Computer simulations show that this algorithm is effective for intrusion detection.


Appling stochastic frontier production model based on knowledge production function,this paper conducts an empirical study on China's high-tech industry innovation capability in transition period.The results show that,during the period from 2005 to 2010:(1) knowledge stock didn't play a due role of in China's high-tech industry's innovation;(2) the effects of acquisition of foreign technology on China's high-tech industry's innovation capability was not statistically obvious;(3) the effects of purchase of domestic technology on China's high-tech industry's RD output was obvious,but the economic benefits due to purchase of domestic technology was not statistically obvious;(4) the scale of enterprises in China's high-tech industry had a negative impact on their innovation capability.


Materialist Shakespeare criticism focusing on writing practices and utensils has tended to shelve the task of reading, abandoning philology and questions of textual corruption while reducing the temporality of objects to the spatial textual metaphor of the palimpsest. In response, Burt calls for a return to philology as a "textual fauxrensics," with close attention to what Derrida calls the "spectral structure of the archive." Some of Shakespeare's plays' letters go unread, moments frequently attached to madness that demand a different reading or a recording, a setting down. Examples of unread letters are to be found in scenes in Twelfth Night, Macbeth, Hamlet, Henry V, Titus Andronicus, and Julius Caesar. Shakespeare's unread letters put critical pressure on the ordinary understanding of letters, as if forcing the word into scare quotes — "letters" — letters meaning both messages with material supports and alphabetic letters. These letters also put critical pressure on what we mean by "reading," since some of these "letters" go unread, although not literally so. Burt discusses unread letters as multi-media archival effects — not as open and shut letters (enveloped, addressed, and posted significations), but as open and "cut" letters, taking the blurring between alphabetic letters and the material supports of letters as text messages. The material supports include not only paper, but also the mutilated body and even the wounded corpse, both in need of reading. Scenes of reading letters in The Two Gentlemen of Verona and Romeo and Juliet call up deconstruction's ghosts, leaving open whether letters (Derrida) or language (De Man) has priority over the other.


We have measured the breakdown voltage in a range of MBE grown bulk (Al/sub X/Ga/sub 1-X/)/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P p-i-ns. Results indicate a linear increase of the breakdown voltage with Al composition similar to earlier measurements performed on Al/sub X/Ga/sub 1-X/As. Since no departure is observed during the transition from direct to indirect bandgap for both material systems, the breakdown voltage must depend on factors apart from just the bandgap energy. We ascribe the breakdown voltage to be dictated by an average energy calculated based on the corresponding density of states of the individual /spl Gamma/, L and X conduction band valleys. This simple relation is able to describe both material systems concurrently suggesting that the breakdown mechanism is dependent upon the whole bandstructure. Impact ionisation measurements were also conducted on the Ga/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P and Al/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P devices as well as temperature dependent breakdown measurements on the Ga/sub 0.52/In/sub 0.48/P p-i-n's.


Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Basic Science and Remote Sensing Initiative, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Department of Ecology, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil


A RESOLVE frequency domain helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) survey has been flown in and around the Riverland irrigation districts of South Australia. The purpose was to map the distribution and thickness of near-surface clay-rich sediments which impact on irrigation, groundwater and salinity management strategies. The survey data were re-calibrated after their conventional processing by utilising independent ground geoelectric data. Data were inverted using a five-layer 1-D parameterisation of the Earth. Reduction of the ambiguity in the unknown aspects of the geological section was sought by constraining the inversion with as much local geological and hydrological information as was available. Groundwater depth information was incorporated as an extra datum to constrain the upper layer thicknesses. A combination of drillhole lithologic, groundwater and downhole conductivity data were used to construct a spatially variable reference model and impose constraints on the estimated parameters in the form of prior probability information. The resulting detailed map of the thickness of the Blanchetown Clay is more detailed than previous compilations based on drilling. The results also provide insight into other important hydrogeological features of the Riverland area.


BACKGROUND
Trachoma is a major cause of avoidable blindness. It is responsible for about six million blind people worldwide, mostly in the poor communities of developing countries. One of the major strategies advocated for the control of the disease is the application of various environmental sanitary measures to such communities.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the evidence for the effectiveness of environmental sanitary measures on the prevalence of active trachoma in endemic areas.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2007), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2007), EMBASE (1980 to July 2007), LILACS (July 2007), reference list of trials and the Science Citation Index. We also contacted agencies, experts and researchers in trachoma control.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing any form of environmental hygiene measures with no measure. These hygiene measures included fly control, provision of water and health education. Participants in the trials were people normally resident in the trachoma endemic areas.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of trials. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Four trials met the inclusion criteria but meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity of the studies.

MAIN RESULTS
Two studies that assessed insecticide spray as a fly control measure found that trachoma is reduced by at least 55% to 61% with this measure compared to no intervention. However, another study did not find insecticide spray to be effective in reducing trachoma. One study found that another fly control measure, latrine provision, reduced trachoma by 29.5% compared to no intervention; this was, however, not statistically significantly different. Another study revealed that health education on personal and household hygiene reduced the incidence of trachoma such that the odds of reducing trachoma in the health education village was about twice that of the no intervention village. However, all the studies have some methodological concerns relating to concealment of allocation and non-consideration of clustering effect in data analysis.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The role of insecticide spray as a fly control measure in reducing trachoma remains unclear. Latrine provision as a fly control measure has not demonstrated significant trachoma reduction. Health education may be effective in reducing trachoma. There is a dearth of data to determine the effectiveness of all aspects of environmental sanitation in the control of trachoma.


Because of existence worldwide of interlayer staggered zone,there have been many engineering rock mass stability problems and geological disasters occurred over the world.In this paper,some cases of distortion failure or destruction of engineering rock mass structure induced by interlayer staggered zone are summarized.Rock mass structure controlling theory is adopted to categorize the failure modes of rock mass with staggered zone into tension crack failure,block-fall and interfacial shear slip failure.After that,it is shown that shear strength model is the main point when modeling for the mechanical behavior of interlayer staggered zone.A deep review of the existing test methods and the modeling theory for its shear behavior shows that the elasto-viscoplastic model is the fundamental constitutive model for describing the mechanical behavior of interlayer staggered zone.


At present, China is in a period of rapid urbanization, and the concept of green structure is getting more and more attention. Green structures can solve asset utilization and ecological problems brought about by rapid urbanization. Therefore, green structure has become the only way for the development of China's construction industry. This paper aims to study the feasibility analysis of new green building technology measures. The related concepts of green building, the analytic hierarchy process, and the meaning of life cycle cost are proposed. The main assessment bottom lines include engineering, environmental, social, and economic bottom lines. From the application examples of green building technology in the starting area of Guangzhou International Financial City, it can be seen that, based on the green building technology proposed in this paper, it is necessary to sort out specific technologies and practices suitable for the actual application of the project in a specific project. Then, the applicability and incremental cost of each technology can be analyzed, and finally, a green building technology system suitable for specific project applications is formed. The experimental results show that compared with residential buildings, the increase of public buildings is 338 million yuan, and the increase of nonassigned parts is about 9.84 million yuan.


Cystic hygroma is a congenital abnormality linked to lymphatic malformations. Should lymphatic vessels fail to connect and drain, they may result in a large, multilocal cyst. Cystic hygromas are most commonly found on the neck, but can also be found in other areas. With advanced diagnostic technologies, clinicians are better able to diagnose cystic hygroma. In this issue of the Journal, Forrester and Merz present a descriptive epidemiology of cystic hygroma. They call attention to factors associated with the occurrence of cystic hygroma. They also note that prenatal detection of a cystic hygroma and the detection of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increase the likelihood that a pregnancy will be voluntarily terminated. Prospective parents may be concerned about whether their children are likely to have birth defects. Prenatal diagnosis can lessen this uncertainty. Test results, however, raise additional concerns about what to do when a fetus is found to have a congenital or chromosomal abnormality. Since there are apparent linkages between cystic hygroma and special challenges in birth outcomes, many physicians recommend the termination of these pregnancies. In their comprehensive review, Deschamps et al constructed an algorithm for the management of prenatally diagnosed cystic hygroma. Whenever cystic hygroma is diagnosed in conjunction with a morphologic or chromosomal variant, their algorithm concludes in a terminated pregnancy. If, however, there is a persistent hygroma without one of these variants, they recommend consultation with the parents about continuation. This algorithmic reasoning is not unusual. "Abnormal" karyotypes are associated with much higher rates of induced abortion than are "normal" karyotypes. Moreover, the late detection of "abnormal" karyotypes is the most common reason for third-trimester termination of a pregnancy. The current study's findings reflect this trend. Although this algorithm is presented as a descriptive model, it has become prescriptive. That is, the model reflects a directive form of genetic counseling wherein fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities should not be continued. Such algorithms reduce the agency of both physician and prospective parent. Because the algorithm is prescriptive, physicians need not consider the possibility for differential expression of genotypes when providing genetic counseling. In cases of cystic hygroma, reliance on the simple existence of chromosomal variants to control the decision—rather than consultation between parent and physician—is particularly significant. For fetuses with a cystic hygroma, both "abnormal" and "normal" chromosomal patterns are associated with physical and mental developmental challenges within the prescriptive algorithm. A genotype in itself, however, determines neither the severity nor the course of a genetically-linked condition. Environmental and chance variables have a substantial influence. For their part, prospective parents need not consider that induced abortion is a choice, as the option of raising a child who has potentially significant challenges is foreclosed altogether in the prescriptive model. On the other hand, when the algorithm is not followed, ie, when there is nondirective genetic counseling, there is a much lower rate of pregnancy termination for fetuses with chromosomal variants. Although raising a child with potentially severe challenges is not appropriate for all parents, a directive algorithm demanding abortion is equally inappropriate. Nondirective genetic counseling would restore agency to both physician and prospective parent by allowing case-by-case consultation, and giving actual choice to the prospective parent. An additional concern stemming from algorithmic management of cystic hygroma is its authorization of negative eugenics. Classical eugenics is based on breeding for desired characteristics. By contrast, negative eugenics eliminates "unfit" offspring. When a fetus is aborted because it has an "abnormal" karyotype, the termination of pregnancy contributes to the practice of negative eugenics. In addition to this practice, algorithms that rely on karyotyping normalize negative eugenics by removing the possibility of questioning the algorithm's outcome. Given that the public has a substantial concern that genetic technology will lead to eugenics and genocide, physicians should avoid medical praxis that confirms these fears. For this reason, physicians may want to avoid algorithms and, again, provide nondirective genetic counseling. Physicians and prospective parents in consultation may decide that induced abortion is the best option. Other consultations may result in a continued pregnancy. Both outcomes are justifiable. Cystic hygroma, in itself, can complicate a pregnancy. Physical, mental, and developmental disabilities associated with cystic hygromas can add additional parenting burdens. If, however, the challenges of cystic hygroma and associated chromosomal and morphologic variants are used to reduce the agency of medical interlocutors and to promote the practice of negative eugenics, physicians and patients From the School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH.


Some important things you should know about drug products localization regulations in Russia. Brief overview of the main local regulations and factual law-enforcement practices that have an impact on your drug products localization projects. According to the Russian Government Decree, № 1289 dated by Nov. 30, 2015 "On limitations of drug products manufactured by foreign manufacturers as participants of Government Procurement" (so called rule "The third wheel"): if two applications at least for the Russian products are submitted, so any third application from some foreign manufacturer (not the Russian product) cannot be accepted. The Russian Federal Law 61 FZ "On drugs circulation" is the basic general legislation Act that regulates Drugs (DP & API) circulation (research & developing, clinical trials, manufacturing, expertise and registration, supply, sale, marketing etc.)


As competitive pressures increase within the health care sectors of economies worldwide, and especially within the United States, the importance of achieving operational efficiencies to reduce costs and thence to increase profits while keeping and attracting customers steadily increases. Simulation, optimization, time studies, value stream mapping, and process improvement methodologies have long been key allies of the industrial engineer assigned to find and progress along the often difficult and challenging road leading to such efficiencies; experienced industrial engineers know these methodologies work better synergistically than individually. The presentation here, and undertaken collaboratively between the medical laboratory (client) and the industrial engineering service company (consultant), concentrates primarily on the use and achievements of discrete-event process simulation and its allied industrial-engineering techniques in improving the operations of a medical testing laboratory, and hence its services to its clients, both hospitals and clinics.


This article describes the different types of reflective displays for spiral infrared gas emitters. Depending on the desired function of the radiator, offered three types of reflector design and installation of additional screen.


Pulsed lasers at intensities of the order of 10 10 W/cm 2 interacting with solid matter in vacuum, produce hot plasmas at high temperatures and densities. The charge state distributions of the plasma generate a high electric field, which induces high ion acceleration along the normal to the target surface. The high yield of the emitted ions can generate a near constant current by using repetitive pulses irradiating thick targets. In order to increase ion energy, a post-acceleration system can be employed by using acceleration voltages above 10 kV. Special ion extraction methods can be employed to generate the final ion beam, which is multi-ionic and multi-energetic, due to the presence of differ- ent ion species and of different charge states. In this article four different methods of post ion acceleration, employed at the INFN-LNS of Catania, at the IPPLM of Warsaw, at the INFN of Lecce and at the LPI of Moscow, are presented, discussed and compared. All methods are able to implant ions in different substrates at different depth and at different dose-rates.


Microsize plasma sources have not been developed for the condition of low-pressure range less than 0.1Torr in the present technology. In this article we investigate a 2.45GHz microwave discharge operated at the ECR and the 2 nd harmonic ECR, by mirror magnetic field.


Each country has a different administrative tradition, such as those found in China and Indonesia. The two countries are close to each other and have good relations to date. Chinese Confucian teachings that are still preserved today have brought this country to change. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using a document or literature analysis approach. The use of this method aims to obtain material and empirical data obtained through journals and scientific papers, reports, books, and other documents related to the research being conducted. The results of the study explain that the evolution of administration in China occurred from generation to generation, giving the characteristics of each dynasty. Similar to China, in Indonesia, the people also adhere to Pancasila values and include these values in the administration of government in Indonesia. The Indonesian nation upholds ethnic differences and tolerance of religious differences. However, national values still refer to Pancasila ideology and do not use Confucian teachings in administering government in Indonesia.


Abstract The recently developed technique of NQR imaging via field cycling has been used to image 14 N nuclei in a test sample of acetamide and salicylamide. The image obtained is spatially resolved in one dimension and is also obtained as a function of the |0〉 → |+〉 transition frequency. The imaging plane is generated by two collinear solenoids wound with opposite handedness. In the field-cycling experiment, the 14 N |0〉 → | +〉 transition is saturated throughout the sample except at the imaging plane where the magnitude of the RF field, | B 1 |, is near zero.


PURPOSE: A catalyst blend is provided, to improve the catalytic functionality of a titanyl oxalate catalyst used in the polycondensation of polyester by using a non-titanyl oxalate to form a catalyst blend. CONSTITUTION: The catalyst blend comprises a titanyl oxalate represented by XmTiO(C2O4)2(H2O)n; and a catalyst enhancer comprising oxalic or carboxylic acid of C1-C26 or their corresponding Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or ammonium salt, wherein X's are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and ammonium; and m is 1 or 2. Also the catalyst blend comprises a titanium compound represented by XmTiYo; and a catalyst enhancer comprising oxalic or carboxylic acid of C1-C26 or their corresponding Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or ammonium salt, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and ammonium; m is 1 or 2; and Y is a ligand represented by CaHbOc (wherein a is 0-30, b is 0-60 and c is 1-10).


PHEROMONE RECEPTIONResearch published online by Science this week ([www.sciencexpress.org][1]) suggests that the default social interaction for mice is to mate; only a scent-based cue from another male inhibits a male's urge to mate and spurs him to fight. The number of genes that control this behavior is precisely one; it encodes the protein TRP2 that sits on the surface of certain olfactory nerves that detect pheromones. The work opens the way for genetic analysis of a number of behaviors that are influenced by pheromones.

 [1]: http://www.sciencexpress.org


With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), the digital twin is emerging as one of the most promising technologies to connect physical components with digital space for better optimization of physical systems. However, the limited wireless resource and security concerns impede the deployment of the digital twin in IoT. In this article, we exploit blockchain to propose a new digital twin edge networks framework for enabling flexible and secure digital twin construction. We first develop cooperative federated learning through an access point (AP) to help resource-limited smart devices in constructing digital twin at the network edges belonging to different mobile network operators (MNOs). Then, we propose a model update chain by leveraging directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain to secure both local model updates and global model updates. In order to incentivize the APs to help in local models training for resource-limited smart devices and also encourage the APs to contribute resource in local model update verification, we design an iterative double auction-based joint cooperative federated learning and local model update verification scheme. The optimal unified time for cooperative federated learning and local model update verification is solved to maximize social welfare. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed scheme is efficient in digital twin construction.


The microbial spoilage of peeled oranges was caused predominantly by Gram negative bacteriaEnterobacter agglomerans, andPseudomonasspp., and yeastsCryptococcus albidus, Rhodotorula glutinis, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Infusion of fruits with citric acid solution (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% w/v) during the peeling process reduced the surface pH of peeled fruits (from 6.0 to <4.6) and extended their shelf life in comparison with fruits infused with water only. Regardless of treatment method (dipping or infusion), maximal shelf life extension was attained with 0.5% w/v citric acid for 4°C storage or 1.0% w/v citric acid for 8 and 21°C storage. Infusion of 0.5% w/v citric acid extended shelf life of both peeled whole and chunked fruits. The extension of shelf life resulted primarily from the inhibition of spoilage bacteria.


ABSTRACT This study examines the selection of online course taking by adult learners. Specifically, this study evaluates the relationship between adult learner characteristics and their choice of online, hybrid, or all in-class programs to identify emerging trends in course-taking preferences. Using survey data from 7,861 adult students age 24 and older from 8 institutions in the Midwest, this paper identifies significant differences in adult learner course-taking preferences based on such factors as age, marital status, presence of children, motivation to attend college, and part-time versus full-time enrollment status combined with work. These findings have meaningful implications for promoting adult learner degree completion through online program enrollment, especially in a post-COVID-19 world.


The study of Agaricomycetes in the Brazilian Pampa Biome is still incipient, but it is very necessary for the valorization and preservation activities in this area. In terms of fungal diversity, it is the least studied Brazilian biome, with only 84 species already described for the site, despite the great diversity of fauna and flora that this biome presents. The objective of this work is to know more about the mycodiversity of this biome, contributing to a better understanding of the distribution and ecology of the Agaricales. The collections were made following the usual methodology for Agaricales (Basidiomycota). Thus, specimens were collected for studies to identification to species level by macro- and microscopic characters. Descriptions of seven species collected in the rural region surrounding the city of São Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil are presented, which are cited for the first time for the Pampa Biome, namely: Macrolepiota mastoidea, Protostropharia alcis ssp. austrobrasiliensis, Trogia buccinalis, Crepidotus euterpicola, Entoloma depluens, Lepiota subincarnata and Neopaxillus echinospermus. These new citations reinforce the importance of studies on the biodiversity of the Pampa biome for its preservation.


Completing a certification program enables the preservice teacher to begin a career as a classroom teacher. During that 1st year, the beginning teacher confronts three important realities. First, although well-prepared in a discipline, that content knowledge base is not sufficient to enable the teacher to prepare age-appropriate and effective lessons and to answer difficult student questions. Second, even though learning and cognition courses have been taken, understanding how individual students learn is much more complex than once believed. And, third, it becomes clear to the lst-year teacher that if he or she is to become a master teacher, continuing education is essential. No preparation program can adequately prepare the beginner for the complexities of the classroom. As a consequence, teachers continue their professional education throughout their careers. Some learn on their own, but most attend courses and workshops offered by higher education institutions, school districts, and various educational service agencies. For the last 20 years, considerable effort and resources have been directed toward a particular continuing


In recent days, antimony trioxide nanostructures have been exploited in diverse areas like electronics, optoelectronics and sensors and its interesting properties. There is not much reported literature available for the growth of antimony oxide (Sb2O3) nanostructure materials using thermal chemical vapour deposition, especially nanobelt-like morphology. This paper reports for the first time the growth of Sb2O3 nanobelts by self catalysis method using thermal chemical vapour deposition (T-CVD). The prepared nanobelts have been characterised for microstructure and morphological analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the crystalline nature of the synthesised material, with a high purity cubic Sb2O3 structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the nanobelts with the thickness ranging from nanometres to micrometres and they showed diverse morphological structures in single frame. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) studies confirmed the Sb and O peaks. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies revealed the crystalline structure of the prepared nanobelts.


Objectives: The study aimed to clarify the role of Education of Belief in building the goals of the preacher, his motives, developing his morals, and shaping his characteristics.
Methods: the study followed the qualitative analytical approach to answer the study questions.
Results: The study concluded the following results: The education of belief has a role:
- In building the preacher's final goals in the light of the unification of divinity, and the goals of succession in the light of the unification of divinity.
- In developing the motives of desire and awe, the motive of belonging, loyalty and disavowal, and the motive of love.
- In developing the preacher's balanced morals in the light of belief in the names and attributes of God, and the Last Day.
- In shaping the characteristics of the preacher, by defining his identity, strength, high energy and effectiveness.
Conclusion: the study recommends a set of recommendations: Conducting more research and in-depth studies in every article of the education of belief in terms of its role in building the goals of the preacher, the need for advocacy educational institutions to undertake to develop the motives of preachers in the light of faith education Holding conferences and seminars for specialists in the field of advocacy to study the role of the education of belief in shaping the characteristics of a preacher and its impact on facing the challenges of the age.


The spatial distribution of the railway crossings on the river Danube in Hungary is very uneven. There is only one electrified and double-tracked bridge in the country, the Southern Railway Bridge in Budapest. The Ujpest bridge in Budapest only provides connection through line 4 which is not electrified and the Baja bridge is not electrified, too, and both of them are single-tracked. The long-planned V0 railway line that is to be cross the Danube approximately halfway between Budapest and Baja would not only help to redistribute the total network flow which currently passes through almost exclusively the Southern bridge but would also provide redundancy for the existing bridges in the case of their disruption. Four of the five proposed V0 path alternatives are analyzed on the basis of these two network properties.


Abstract By using everyday school routines, teachers and other caregivers can implement the ASKED Model to teach asking wh-questions. The ASKED model consists of five steps, which are (1) assimilate list of children's favorite items and activities, (2) set up the classroom, (3) kick off the question-asking to (4) encourage correct responses, and (5) data collection, and is an empirically-supported instructional strategy for teaching wh-questions by manipulating environmental variables to elicit question responses. This short paper explains how practitioners may implement this model to create opportunities to teach wh-questions in educational settings.