Introduction: In a recent survey on 25,124 knee arthroscopies, cartilage lesions were found most frequently within the patella (36%) and the medial femoral condyle (34%). However, there is a clear topographical difference in cartilage surface and cartilage thickness between these two anatomical sites. Furthermore, when looking at biochemical and biomechanical properties, this regional variation is also obvious, most likely due to different loading conditions that influence the compressive and tensile behavior of articular cartilage (1,2). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a non-invasive evaluation of articular cartilage and has been shown to be sensitive to morphologic alterations at the repair site. A validated scoring system for the morphological MR evaluation of cartilage repair sites is the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) system (3). However, this purely morphological MR imaging cannot define the composition of repair tissue. The ultrastructural organization of articular cartilage can be assessed by biochemical MRI noninvasively. T1 relaxation time in the presence of Gd-DTPA (dGEMRIC) reflects the proteoglycan content of articular cartilage, whereas T2 relaxation time is sensitive to the integrity and orientation of the collagen network and hydration. For T2 mapping, the zonal assessment of deep and superficial cartilage layers has been shown to provide additional information based on the anisotropy of collagen fibers. An increase in T2 values from the deep to superficial zones has been reported as a marker of hyaline or hyaline-like cartilage structure (4). Together with the proteoglycan content, the collagen content and the network architecture are the major determinants of the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage, where a topographical difference has been reported between patella and femoral cartilage. With surgical cartilage repair, differences in clinical outcome have been described between cartilage transplantation in the patella and in the femoral condyle (5). Furthermore, the difference in the quality of articular cartilage repair between the patella and the femoral condyle is known to be strongly influenced by the mechanical environment (6). The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to compare cartilage repair tissue in the patella and cartilage repair tissue in the medial femoral condyle in patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) using morphological scoring and biochemical in vivo zonal T2 mapping. Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients treated with MACT underwent 3T-MRI of the knee. Patients were treated on either patella (n=17) or MFC (n=17) cartilage and were matched by age (patella: 36.3 ± 7.9 years, range 23 – 49 years; MFC: 35.2 ± 8.2 years, range 20 – 49) and post-operative interval (patella: 29.3 ± 21.5 months; MFC: 29.3 ± 21.5 months). MR imaging was performed on a 3 Tesla MR scanner (Magnetom Trio, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany), with a gradient strength of 40mT/m, using a dedicated eight-channel knee coil (In vivo, Gainesville, FL, USA). The protocol for both groups was identical and consisted of a morphological 3D true – fast imaging with steady-state precession (True-FISP) sequence for the morphological assessment and a multi-echo spin-echo (SE) sequence using six echoes for T2 mapping. In order to evaluate the morphological condition after a cartilage repair procedure for each anatomical region (patella and MFC) using the isotropic 3DTrue-FISP sequence, the MOCART scoring system was used. T2 maps were obtained in-line by a pixel-wise, monoexponential, non-negative least squares (NNLS) fit analysis using the built-in MapIt software (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Regions of interest (ROI) dividing the full thickness of cartilage repair tissue as well as the control cartilage into equal-sized deep and superficial aspects. For additional evaluation, the evaluation was performed concerning different post-operative follow up periods (short-term (6-12months), mid-term (24 months) and long-term (60 months). Quantitative evaluation was accomplished by analyses of variance using a three-way ANOVA with random factors, considering the different measurements within each patient. Results: Morphological Results: For the morphological evaluation, the MOCART scoring system for all postoperative intervals together showed no significant difference between the two cartilage repair sites, with a MOCART score of 73.2 ± 12.7 (ranging from 50 to 90) for the patella and 71.5 ± 12.5 (ranging from 50 to 90) for the MFC (p=0.685). Biochemical T2 results: A comparison of T2 relaxation times (ms) for all patients after MACT of the patella and for all patients after MACT of the MFC showed significantly higher T2 values for the MFC (control cartilage: deep=44.4±4.6, superior=55.9±6.6, mean=48.7±5.2; cartilage repair tissue: deep=50.4±9.5, superior=54.5±10.9, mean=52.5±9.7) compared to the patella (control cartilage: deep=35.0±6.7, superior=44.3±7.9, mean=39.7±7.0; cartilage repair tissue: deep=39.1±7.6, superior=45.2±8.2, mean=42.2±7.5) (p<0.001). Discussion: In conclusion, the preliminary results of this initial study demonstrate that differences in T2 values could be found for healthy control cartilage, as well as cartilage repair tissue, between the patella and the MFC. The morphological evaluation showed no clear difference between these anatomical sites. The zonal pattern of healthy cartilage was comparable for the patella and the MFC. The cartilage repair tissue in the patella showed an earlier onset of this significant zonal increase from deep to superficial cartilage layers compared to the MFC. However, in all measurements, this zonal stratification was more clearly visible and more distinct for healthy control cartilage compared to cartilage repair tissue. Although this study demonstrates the feasibility of describing differences in T2 relaxation times and zonal T2 patterns between cartilage sites with known different biomechanical properties, the in vivo assessment of these properties of articular cartilage still remains challenging.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the prognostic factors of endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma and to identify the risk population.METHODS:Cox regression model was used to analyze 78 cases of endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma treated by surgery alone or surgery based comprehensive treatment in the Cancer Center,Sun Yat-sen University from 1st Jan.1980 to 31st Nov.1999.The prognostic index (PI) of patients was calculated on basis of the multivariate analysis.With the individual PI,patients were classified into different risk groups and the expected survival curves were obtained.RESULTS:Overall 5 years survival rate was 61.1%.Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological FIGO stage,differential grade and myoinvasion depth were independent factors for overall survival rate,P0.05.PI=1.089(FIGO stage)+0.970(differentiation grade)+1.376(myoinvasion depth).The patients were divided into low-risk group,moderate-risk group and high-risk group according to the PI value and there was significant difference in survival rate between each two ones of the three groups,P0.05,and the 5-year survival rate was 100%,77.74% and 0%,respectively,P=0.000.CONCLUSIONS: The pathological stage,differentiation grade and myoinvasion depth are independent prognostic factors of endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma.PI is easy to calculate and may provide valuable information to physicians in individual treatment planning and in the stratification of patients for further clinical trails.


The kinetics of the dissolution of cesium iodide monocrystals in n-butanol was studied under conditions of free convection in the solution for the vertical orientation of the dissolving (100) face at of 20, 40, 60, and 80°C. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the dissolution of the crystal is controlled by diffusion. The Levich equation of convective diffusion was used to describe the kinetics of the process.


Black cutworm (BCW) is a migratory pest that cuts and feeds on early vegetative-stage corn. Black cutworm moths arrive in Iowa and other northern states with spring storms each year. These moths lay eggs in and around crop fields, and emerging BCW larvae can cut seedling corn. This pest is sporadic, making it essential to scout fields to determine if management is needed. Scouting for BCW larvae helps to determine if an insecticide application will be cost effective. This year, delayed corn planting can coincide with emergence of BCW larvae so scouting should be done early on to protect seedlings in these fields. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/2535 6/26/2019 Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2019/05/scouting-black-cutworm-2019 1/6 Integrated Crop Management Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 May 13, 2019 Black cutworm (BCW) is a migratory pest that cuts and feeds on early vegetative-stage corn. Black cutworm moths arrive in Iowa and other northern states with spring storms each year. These moths lay eggs in and around crop fields, and emerging BCW larvae can cut seedling corn. This pest is sporadic, making it essential to scout fields to determine if management is needed. Scouting for BCW larvae helps to determine if an insecticide application will be cost effective. This year, delayed corn planting can coincide with emergence of BCW larvae so scouting should be done early on to protect seedlings in these fields. When to scout for BCW caterpillars is based on the "peak flight" of moths and accumulating degree days after the peak flight. Degree days are a measure of temperature used to gauge insect development. A peak flight for BCW is defined as capturing eight or more moths over two nights in a wing style trap baited with a pheromone lure. To find out when moths arrive in Iowa, cooperators around the state monitor pheromone traps and report moth captures. Cooperators started checking traps in the beginning of April and captures of BCW moths occurred during the first week. Moth captures picked up during mid-April and have continued through early May, with several peak flights recorded. The peak flights observed during this time period were in line with captures in surrounding states. The map (Figure 1) shows predicted BCW cutting dates for the nine Iowa crop reporting districts, based on actual and historical degree day data and peak flights during late April and early May. We may continue to see peak flights occur in Iowa. Adult moth trap captures do not necessarily mean there will be economically significant BCW infestations in a particular location. Field scouting is essential to determine if an economically 6/26/2019 Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2019/05/scouting-black-cutworm-2019 2/6 damaging infestation exists. Also, as you are out in fields assessing stands, be on the lookout now for early season insect injury in corn – BCW or otherwise. Figure 1. Estimated black cutworm cutting dates for each Iowa climate division based on peak flights of moths during 2019. Several states bordering Iowa also track black cutworm flights and make estimates about cutting dates, especially to the north and east. Several of the predictions in these states are in close proximity to the Iowa border, and some are for counties directly adjacent to Iowa. Data from these out-of-state locations may be informative for Iowans living nearby. Extension resources on black cutworm can be found at the links below, but others may be available: University of Minnesota: https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/agricultural-programs/pestmanagement/black-cutworm-reporting-network University of Missouri: https://ipm.missouri.edu/pestMonitoring/ Purdue University: https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/newsletters/pestandcrop/article/2019-blackcutworm-pheromone-trap-report/ Scouting Poorly drained, low lying, or weedy fields, as well as those next to natural vegetation or with reduced tillage, may have higher risk of BCW injury. Additionally, cornfields with green cover crops may be attractive to egg-laying females. Late-planted corn can be smaller and more vulnerable to larval feeding. Some Bt hybrids provide suppression of 6/26/2019 Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2019/05/scouting-black-cutworm-2019 3/6 BCW (e.g., Vip3A, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1F proteins), but larvae can still cut young plants. Scouts are encouraged to look for any activity during early season stand assessment. Scouting at least a few days before estimated cutting dates is recommended. Early scouting is important because local larval development may be different due to weather variation within a climate division, and additional peak flights could prolong BCW larvae arrival to the field. Fields should be scouted for larvae weekly until corn reaches V5. Examine 50 corn plants in five areas in each field for wilting, leaf discoloration and damage, or those that are missing or cut (Figure 2). Flag areas with suspected feeding and return later to assess further injury. Larvae can be found by carefully excavating the soil around a damaged plant. Figure 2. Black cutworm larval injury usually begins above the soil surface. Leaf feeding (left) may be observed. As larvae mature, they can severely damage or kill plants (right). Photo on left copyright Marlin Rice; photo on right courtesy of Jon Kiel. Identification BCW larvae have grainy, light grey to black skin and four pairs of fleshy prolegs on the end of the abdomen (Figure 3). There are pairs of dark tubercles, or bumps, along the side of the body. The pair of tubercles nearest the head is approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the size of the pair closest to the abdomen. BCW larvae can be confused with other cutworms and armyworms (Figure 4), so additional resources may need to be consulted to confirm identification. 6/26/2019 Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2019/05/scouting-black-cutworm-2019 4/6 Figure 3. Black cutworm larvae have grainy and light grey to black skin. Photo by Adam Sisson. Figure 4. Black cutworms (left) can be distinguished from other larvae, like the dingy cutworm (right), by the dark tubercles on the middle of the back. On each segment, the tubercle closest to the head is about 1/3 the size of the tubercle closest to the rear for black cutworm. Corresponding dingy cutworm tubercles on each segment are roughly the same size. Photos by Adam Sisson. 6/26/2019 Scouting for Black Cutworm 2019 | Integrated Crop Management https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/2019/05/scouting-black-cutworm-2019 5/6 Thresholds Common thresholds for seedling, V2, V3, and V4 stage corn plants are 2, 3, 5, and 7 plants cut out of 100, respectively. A dynamic threshold for BCW may be useful with corn price and input fluctuations. An Excel spreadsheet with calculations built in is available and can be used to help with black cutworm management decisions. Preventive BCW insecticide treatments applied as a tank-mix with herbicides are a questionable practice. BCW is a sporadic pest and every field should be scouted to determine insect presence before spraying insecticides. If you see any fields with BCW larvae while scouting, please let us know by sending a message to email@example.com. This information could help us to refine future predictions. Category: Crop Production Insects and Mites Links to this article are strongly encouraged, and this article may be republished without further permission if published as written and if credit is given to the author, Integrated Crop Management News, and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. If this article is to be used in any other manner, permission from the author is required. This article was originally published on May 13, 2019. The information contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed. Crop: Corn Tags: BCW cutting dates Corn seedlings cutworm


An improved wadi palleting gadget has been developed which is capable of producing 32 wadis at a time. The output of the machine is about 8 times more than that of the traditional manual mrthod. The acceptability of the modified gadget was studied in the rural areas of Haryana in comparison to the existing wadi making gadget. The rural women considered labor intensity to be the most important attribute for the acceptability of the gadget. In this case cultural compatibility had the least score.


During two 60-meter saturation dives, U.S. Navy divers hand-collected samples of marine snow (aggregates) and of surrounding water, and made video recordings of aggregates passing through a loop used to determine their sizes and numbers. Analyses of the video recordings revealed that aggregates were abundant during both dives, accounting for 748 and 759 ml per cubic meter of seawater volume respectively. Although the total volume of aggregate material was similar, it was distributed quite differently between the two dives in 220 larger (mean volume 3.40 ml) and 595 smaller (mean volume 1.28 ml) aggregates per cubic meter. Laboratory analyses revealed that many of the aggregate samples were luminous, emitting light from two to six orders-of-magnitude greater than that produced in comparable volumes of the surrounding water. We estimated the total light flux (1)(t) per cubic meter of seawater(l.l x 109 and 3.2 x 108 quanta per second), as well as the portion of that flux which was due to the aggregates. For the two dives, 63 and 20 per cent of the aggregate samples were luminous accounting for 97 and 44 per cent of the total light flux qb(t). These results indicate that marine snow is a variable source for light-scattering material and bioluminescence in the sea.


as: check-in, security check, boarding pass, baggage, tickets and so on. Winnie: Yes John, that's right. Let's learn some words and phrases that you may listen to, or have to say, while you are at the airport. John: English words and phrases during check-in. The words that you might come across during check-in are: Identity proof This is your identification. It could be your passport, your social security card, your driver's lic Upon its publication in 1849, the British Admiralty's Manual of Scientific Enquiry: Prepared for the Use of Her Majesty's Navy and Adapted for Travellers in General appeared to represent a radical departure from the increasingly professionalized scientific societies. It invited travelers interested in scientific observation not only to practice the Admiralty's own methods for collecting scientific data, but also to send their results to Whitehall, contributing directly to the wealth of knowledge that represented Britons at the edges of the empire. Looking at the Manual within the context of its publication and marketing, this article examines how the Admiralty's popular guidebook legitimized its position as a popular scientific primer, and also how the Admiralty's reactions to the materials it received showed popular science as a site of cultural contention between institution and individual, ownership of and access to knowledge. "Adapted for Travellers in General"


Vibration in offshore platforms cause a variety of complications, ranging from minor discomfort to major health hazard, to crew on-board and may even lead to structural collapse of the platform if left unattended. The breakage of ice against the legs is a major source of vibration in the deep sea. This paper proposes a real-time microprocessor based system to effectively monitor the ice formation, and hence the vibration level along the legs of the platform. The proposed system composed of underwater wireless sensor network, a central processing server and multiple clients. The sensor network is primarily prototyped using a combination of Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms to send vibration data and stream images, collected from discrete points along the leg, to the central server. The clients access the processed information through a central server. The architecture supports the usage of multiple clients (devices), an application was developed to obtain the vibration results and visual streaming. The proposed low cost system provides an accurate approach for vibration monitoring as less humans will be involved in offshore platforms monitoring.


ENERGY (interviewed for IDIOTEQ in 2013) formed in February of 2006 in the town of Stoughton, Massachusetts. Over the last decade, the band's signature ...


Keto Complete Australia: There are an infinite number of supplements on the market that will trick you into believing that they can give you a slim body in no time. Many of these products are often just giddy and filled with lots of harmful additives.


This paper presents a brief analytical review of studies of informal youth associations, the prospect of planned in-depth study of this phenomenon in the framework of the cultural development of L. S. Vygotsky.


We have made AlGaAs/GaAs gain-guided two-dimensional (8x8 and 4x4) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array in the 850-nm rage for optical communication applications. Higher optical power with nearly single transverse mode output can be achieved by using high-density two-dimensional VCSEL arrays with smaller emitting element windows (<EQ 5(mu) m). The distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) of the VCSELs consist of A10.12Ga0.88As/AlAs quarter-wave stacks. The GRINSCH active region is consisted of an undoped three- quantum well GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As and two undoped linearly graded AlxGa1-xAs confinement layers. The emitting windows of the individual VCSEL elements are 5 (mu) mx4 (mu) m. A high cw optical power of 15.3 mW was measured for a 8x8 array, with a maximum pulsed optical power of 28 mW at 160 mA. The spectrum of the VCSEL array showed single transverse mode characteristics. The near-field characteristics of the arrays were measured. Almost all the VCSEL elements emitted TEM00 mode. The modulation characteristics of the VCSEL arrays were also measured at different operating current.


We present a new model of nonlinear ultrasound propagation through multilayered liquid/tissue media. This model includes the effects of diffraction, attenuation, and nonlinearity, with refraction and energy conservation at layer boundaries. It is capable of simulating pulsed and continuous wave propagation from sources of arbitrary geometry and excitation. Using this model, the acoustic field of a high-frequency circular focused transducer (1.5 mm aperture radius, f# 2.5) was simulated for two configurations, water only, and water-tissue phantom-water, and compared to the field measured with a high-frequency needle hydrophone, for 10 different source amplitudes of a transmitted Gaussian pulse (f/sub 0/=20 MHz, fractional bandwidth=35%), ranging from 0.05 to 1 MPa. Very good agreement was found between simulated and measured fields in terms of relative amplitudes of the fundamental, second and third harmonics, beam widths and depth of fields, given the uncertainty in the experimental transmitted pulse amplitudes and hydrophone sensitivity above 40 MHz. Our model is capable of simulating realistic finite-amplitude propagation from high-frequency transducers through multilayered biological media. Its remarkable accuracy and efficiency makes it a very useful tool for the study of nonlinear ultrasonic fields, its well as for transducer design optimization.


Abstract : Mothers of high and low fear of failure (FF) Ss completed a modified Winterbottom questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) mothers of high FF Ss expected independence and achievement behaviors earlier than mothers of low FF Ss; (2) mothers of high FF Ss were neutral following satisfactory behavior and mothers of low FF Ss rewarding; (3) Ss whose mothers were neutral following satisfactory behavior and punishing following unsatisfactory behavior had higher FF motivation than Ss whose mothers were rewarding and neutral respectively. It was concluded that only (2) and (3) contribute to the differential development of FF and HS (hope of success) achievement motivation. (Author)


Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive and lethal health crises of today's world. The stigma and resulting discrimination of HIV/AIDS is almost as deadly as the virus itself. Because a vaccine or cure does not exist, HIV/AIDS will continue to spread and therefore, prevention remains the key to curbing this epidemic. One method of combating this disease is through the administration of preexposure chemoprophylactic agents prior to the exposure of the infectious agent. For this systematic review, the evidence from two studies were evaluated using the GRADE tool. Method: An exhaustive search of available medical literature was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, CINHAL, and EBM Multifile Review. Results: Two randomized controlled trials were reviewed. Both studies showed a reduction in HIV/AIDS acquisition with the use of anti-retroviral preexposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: The administration of anti-retroviral preexposure chemoprophylaxis decreases the transmission rate of infection. The GRADE for the evidence was high. Degree Type Capstone Project Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This capstone project is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/pa/271 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the "Rights" section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see "Rights" on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license.] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. email@example.com This capstone project is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/pa/271 NOTICE TO READERS This work is not a peer-reviewed publication. The Master's Candidate author of this work has made every effort to provide accurate information and to rely on authoritative sources in the completion of this work. However, neither the author nor the faculty advisor(s) warrants the completeness, accuracy or usefulness of the information provided in this work. This work should not be considered authoritative or comprehensive in and of itself and the author and advisor(s) disclaim all responsibility for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Knowledge and practice change constantly, and readers are advised to confirm the information found in this work with other more current and/or comprehensive sources. The student author attests that this work is completely his/her original authorship and that no material in this work has been plagiarized, fabricated or incorrectly attributed. A Systematic Review to Determine if Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis Reduces or Prevents HIV/AIDS Transmission


National identity for the Tajiks, the Uzbeks and the Turkmens is a construct derived from the Soviet period. Over seventy years of Soviet social engineering and efforts at creating a Soviet community have led to the unintended emergence of aspiring "national" elite and intelligentsia groups, trained and educated in their "national" languages and identifying Soviet-defined administrative territories as their "national" motherlands. The Soviet trained elite and intelligentsia groups in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were responsible for the smooth transition to the post-Soviet era, and thus performed a major role in ensuring political continuity. These two states seek to legitimise themselves by claiming to defend and represent the interests of their "national" communities. The Soviet initiated process of social engineering is now being modified to serve these states. National intelligentsia groups, through their scientific, historical and creative writings, are pivotal for the dissemination of the national ideal.


On July 23, 2022 a new, rapidly spreading, and severe disease was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Monkeypox, of unknown origin, has nearly infected an extraordinary 65,000 people globally in just the last five months. With daily life only just recently returning to a pre-COVID cadence due to the remarkable development and distribution of vaccines, we must consider whether it is too early to celebrate with another potential pandemic on the way.


Statisticians have long been aware that for some purposes of analysis and graphic representation the logarithmic scale has special advantages which the ordinary natural scale does not offer. But with that awareness they have mostly rested content. Com? paratively few have worked with the logarithmic method and really come to know it in its applications. The logarithmic scale, it has been assumed, would be unintelligible save to experts. Because of its unfamiliarity it has been neglected; through neglect it remains unfamiliar, and thus a serviceable statistical tool lies virtually idle. It is the thesis of this article that the logarithmic scale is too useful as a statistical auxiliary to be disregarded simply because it is not yet generally understood; and, further, that the best way to secure for it a more general understanding and appreciation is to use it intelligently at every appropriate opportunity. This is not by any means to say that the logarithmic scale should prevail? ingly replace the natural scale in ordinary graphic work. Often, however, where only one method is to be followed, the logarithmic construction is clearly superior. Even if such occasions are as yet comparatively infrequent, it is still true that figures drawn to the logarithmic scale will usually afford an informing contrast and supplement to diagrams in the more conventional form. For demonstrating the characteristics of logarithmic diagrams such a contrast is quite the most promising plan. Mr. Bowley, in his brief but excellent discussion of logarithmic diagrams,1 has recommended this procedure. "It would be useful," he remarks, "to offer several diagrams on both scales; for in many series of figures the differences exhibited by the two methods are very instructive." Mr. Bowley felt himself constrained by the limits of space to forego acting upon his own proposal, but the suggestion was good. In the following pages space is deliberately devoted to 1 Elements of Statistics, pp. 188 ff.


With the growing concern about the environmental crisis, which jeopardize survival of humanity, it is necessary to prepare the individual to understand and take advantage of the scientific and technological advancement and thus be able to discuss the problems related to its misuse. Thus, the importance of Environmental Education (EE) has been emphasized. The present study aims to analyze the development of teaching strategies to be used in teaching science, within a perspective of Critical EE (CEE), with elementary school teachers from two public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its possible impacts on their perception, attitude and practice, and also to identify the positive aspects and contributions of the use of techniques of writing workshops (WW) and workshops on comics (WOC) as a resource assessment. The research, within a qualitative approach, was performed by applying various instruments to collect data to subsequently develop educational tools (group dynamics, texts, films, lecture-tour in the communities in which schools are inserted) within an interdisciplinary, contextualizing and playful approach, with the aim of expanding the perception of participating on environmental issues, besides discussing the need of using different teaching strategies in science teaching. The evaluation of this research was conducted through WW, WOC and a final questionnaire, besides the use of the technique of participant observation
The data were analyzed in a multi-referential context, having as reference important authors in the areas of Science and EE and providing greater consistency and reliability of the survey. The results indicated that most of the subjects felt unprepared for the development of EE and have a naturalist and anthropocentric view of the environment and think EE according to their ecological dimension and that interdisciplinary work consisted one of the most important factors to no development of EA. However, during the research, it was observed the deconstruction and reconstruction of knowledge for an extension of their perceptions on the insertion of playfulness in the school context and the importance of acting in EE with critical and contextualized approach, reinforcing the relevance of interdisciplinarity and demystifying it. Thus, it was concluded that, despite the challenges present throughout the process of change and the difficulties experienced at school, some teachers began to change their educational stance and views about the EE, inserting environmental issues in their classes (more critical and contextualized) and in a playful and interdisciplinary context getting good results. In this way, a continuing education work carried out in school locus, which promotes the practice of actions and methodologies discussed among their peers, encourages and can generate changes in teaching practice


Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of small sensor nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. In this paper we discuss the important hierarchical routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. We will discuss the operations of the protocols and advantages and disadvantages of these hierarchical routing protocols. The main issue of the wireless sensor network is energy consumption because there is limited battery power. If the battery goes down, then the sensor nodes die quickly. So to solve this problem there is come so many routing protocols which are used for solving this problem. There are a lot hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH, TEEN and PEGASIS.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective on the importance of grandparenting relationships and to highlight the continuing importance of intergenerational exchange across the life course.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on research from diverse fields including child welfare, gerontology and demography and journalistic sources, presenting an evidenced argument of the importance of grandparenting in contemporary families.Findings – The paper argues that the role of grandparents in family life is becoming more important as a result of demographic changes, and that grandparents offer a huge resource to families. Older people generally find their role as grandparents rewarding and that this contributes to wellbeing and reduced risk of loneliness.Originality/value – The paper provides a new perspective on the role of older people as grandparents.


Finnish integration training for immigrants aims to improve social inclusion into Finnish society and to promote employment. The first fully online integration training and the still ongoing program has conducted since 2015. During the training activities, the education provider has collected varieties of data from 2015 to 2019. Utilizing design science theory, authors demonstrate that integration training succeeds online at least as well as in the classroom when the design is implemented in a customer-oriented way lingually, pedagogically, and technically accessible. When teachers and the group learn collaboratively, and with ensured interaction, the training supports integration and finding career pathways. This study describes frugal and inclusive educational innovation. One main finding is that the teacher's ability to facilitate learning situations in distance-based synchronous e-learning differs from classroom instruction and requires detailed planning in advance. The training needs to prepare immigrants for the requirement of Finnish society. The desires of the students shape the training from the beginning.


Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the second most common childhood malignant diseases after hematological malignancies. The incidence is similar in the different developed countries: in Europe is 29.9/million (1978-1997), in USA 30.7/million (1992-2006). However, the highest incidence is registered in Hungary and the Scandinavian countries. In Hungary the incidence was 37.41/million between 1999 and 2008 and 43.9/million in 2009. The cause of this high incidence in Hungary is unknown (Gupta & Banerjee et al, 2004; Hauser et al., 2003; Kaderali et al., 2009; McNeil et al., 2002; Peris-Bonet et al., 2006; Pizzo & Poplack, 2011). Astrocytomas and medulloblastoma are the most frequent among childhood CNS tumours.


This article is about the construction of Balbina Hydroelectric Power Plant (Usina Hidroelétrica de Balbina – UHB) on the Uatumã River, which is in President Figueiredo – a county near Manaus, the capital city of the State of Amazonas, in Central Amazonia. The plant was built in the 1970s, and its construction led to environmental impacts on both the complex and rich existing biodiversity and the way of living of the traditional people, including the ethnic group called Waimiri Atroari, that had lived around the Balbina Lake – where the dam was built – for millenniums. We can say that such a hydroelectric megaproject was one of the most perverse socio-environmental crimes of the planet. The article discusses the changes in the rural families´ daily life. Among such families were the artisanal fishermen and fisherwomen sociologically called dam-affected people, who were affected in their ways of social reproduction and were obliged to move to other fishing territories in pursuit of other survival strategies. This article is part of the evaluative research of the socio-environmental impacts 35 years after UHB was built.


: Boycotts, are expected as quick-time period warning signs to commercial enterprise to enhance performance, proving step by step long term implications. Yet there is confined quantity of research in consumer boycotts and in particular at the outcomes of motivational factors leading to boycotts. Although the increase in consumer boycotts, advertising has paid very little interest to consumer boycott motivations. While boycotts are more and more applicable for control selection-making, there were little studies on consumer motivation to boycott. When something negative to consumer's ideas occurs, they generally tend to criticize the state of affairs and to take in movement, the usage of the Internet to virally unfold their reviews and adopting resistant conduct, therefore punishing the organisation and refusing to shop for its manufacturers. A technology of social media consumers can grow to be more and more vocal through boycotts and consumers dissatisfactions unfold nearly right now at the Internet. Such consumer-led boycotts can affect an organisation's long-term branding efforts. In this context, control poses a project for agencies that don't act or talk appropriately. Addressing this deficiency, this paper tries to provide a conceptualization of motivations for boycott participation, and it pursuits at imparting a few guidelines for dealing with consumer boycotts. the relationship among self-enhancement and becoming a member of boycott. The authors made an opinion concerning the enhancement of one's shallowness with the aid of using is revealed the animosity of Indian consumers towards Pakistan due to the long controversial history of the two countries a for the Indians to boycott Pakistani products. The findings of the research indicated that a higher degree of animosity towards the related foreign country


The total RNA was extracted from microtus fortis liver tissue which was infected of the schistosoma japonicum cercariae before infection and after infection 10d and 15d.Using rattus norvegicus CD74 gene probe to hybridize analysis of CD74 difference expression in the microtus fortis liver tissues which were infected with Schistosoma japonicum before infection and after infection 10 d,15 d.At the same time,bioinformatics analysis of the cDNA sequence and encoded amino acid sequence of the rattus norvegicus CD74 gene and CD74 protein structural domains.The results showed: after microtus fortis infected with schistosoma japonicum 10 d and 15 d the liver tissue of CD74 expression levels significantly higher than pre-infection;rattus norvegicus CD74 cDNA sequence of a total length is 1220bp and encode 216 amino acid residues;rattus norvegicus CD74 protein containing a MHC2 interaction domain of the superfamily and a MHCassoc_trimer superfamily domain.


A speaker is an acoustic device which produces sound through electromechanical operations. Most speakers are comprised of three-dimensional devices such as a voice coil, a permanent magnet, and an enclosure. An ac voltage applied to the voice coil generates displacement of the cone due to the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the voice coil. The displacement produces audio sound waves. Recently, many mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones have become smaller, lighter, and thinner for the sake of convenience and due to advanced technologies. A problem with this miniaturization, however, is that the volume of the produced output sounds has also decreased. In contrast to conventional three-dimensional speakers, we have designed a new type of two-dimensional flexible speaker based on the use of reverse piezoelectric effect on certain piezoelectric materials. This would be very useful in today's increasingly thinner consumer electronics devices such as mobile phones. There are other applications such as clothes, wearable computers, raincoats, etc.


British Columbia's Community Benefits Agreement that aims to provide jobs in the construction trades for underrepresented groups serves as a case to explore the successes and barriers to distributing the benefits of urban development to Indigenous groups towards the goal of economic justice. Through a content analysis of stakeholder interviews and documents about the agreement, we found that, while there is optimism that the CBA may help advance public discourse on economic justice for Indigenous Peoples, there are significant barriers that have gone unaddressed in this and other labor agreements due to a lack of community engagement. These include lack of transportation, continued marginalization of Indigenous workers into unskilled labor, and the reinforcement of dependence on non-Indigenous economies.


In high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) one of the detrimental factors that lead to loss of performance is the corrosion of the electrocatalyst support. In both anode and cathode, platinum (Pt) supported on carbon is generally the selected electrocatalyst. Platinum significantly increases the speed of the anode and cathode reactions, but also causes carbon oxidation (corrosion of the support) and the consequent degradation of the electrode materials. In a HT-PEMFC, corrosion is influenced by temperature. For this reason, this paper will present a detailed evaluation of the carbon support degradation under HT-PEMFC conditions. The carbon oxidation of two types of carbon supports will be compared.


Summary Aim: Graves' hyperthyroidism and antithyroid drugs empty the intrathyroid stores of hormones and iodine. The consequence is rapid 131I turnover and impending failure of radioiodine therapy. Can administration of additional inactive iodide improve 131I kinetics? Patients, methods: Fifteen consecutive patients, in whom the 48 h post-therapeutically calculated thyroid dose was between 150 and 249 Gy due to an unexpectedly short half-life, received 3 × 200 μg inactive potassium-iodide (127I) daily for 3 days (Group A), while 17 consecutive patients with a thyroid dose of ≥ 250 Gy (Group B) served as the non-iodide group. 48 hours after 131I administration (M1) and 4 or 5 days later (M2) the following parameters were compared: effective 131I half-life, thyroid dose, total T3, total T4, 131I-activity in the T3- and T4-RIAs. Results: In Group A, the effective 131I half-life M1 before iodine (3.81 ± 0.93 days) was significantly (p <0.01) shorter than the effective 131I half-life M2 (4.65 ± 0.79 days). Effective 131I half-life M1 correlated with the benefit from inactive 127I (r = –0.79): Administration of 127I was beneficial in patients with an effective 131I half-life M1 of <3 or 4 days. Patients from Group A with high initial specific 131I activity of T3 and T4 showed lower specific 131I activity after addition of inactive iodine compared with patients from the same group with a lower initial specific 131I activity of T3 and T4 and compared with the patient group B who was given no additional inactive iodide. This correlation was mathematically described and reflected in the flatter gradient in Group A (y = 0.5195x + 0.8727 for 131I T3 and y = 1.0827x – 0.4444 for 131I T4) and steeper gradient for Group B (y = 0.6998x + 0.5417 for 131I T3 and y = 1.3191x – 0.2901 for 131I T4). Radioiodine therapy was successful in all 15 patients from Group A. Conclusion: The administration of 600 μg inactive iodide for three days during radioiodine therapy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and an unexpectedly short half-life of <3 or 4 days was a safe and effective alternative to the administration of a second radioiodine capsule


The aim – analyze modern Russian and foreign literary sources in order to determine modern means for treating the hands of the surgeon and the operating field. Results. One of the key points in the prevention of surgical infection is the treatment of the surgeon's hands and the operating field with effective skin antiseptics in order to destroy pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that colonize intact skin. In modern practice, skin antiseptics are predominantly used containing alcohols as active substances, in particular ethyl, propyl and isopropyl, halogenated substances such as iodine and iodophores, guanidines, which include chlorhexidine digluconate, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds. Moreover, the most widespread are combined preparations containing several active substances and functional additives, which makes it possible to neutralize the negative properties of various active substances. Also, an interesting and promising direction is the use of polymer operating films or film-forming antiseptics. Currently, research is being actively carried out aimed at finding and developing modern highly effective antiseptic agents and their rational combinations that meet the necessary requirements, are optimal in their properties, cost-effective and comfortable to use.


Distributed series resistance effects in solar cells are analyzed and the correctness of representing these by a lumped parameter is discussed for any conditions of bias and illumination. In addition to a general mathematical methodology, analytical expressions are derived to simplify the estimation of series resistance effects on the dark and illuminated<tex>J-V</tex>characteristics of the cell. The equivalent series resistance (r<inf>s</inf>) in the dark is found to decrease with current density<tex>J</tex>from<tex>r_{b} + r_{e}/3</tex>at small<tex>J</tex>to (<tex>r_{e} r_{b})^{1/2}</tex>at very high<tex>J</tex>, where r<inf>e</inf>and r<inf>b</inf>are the emitter layer and base region resistances, respectively. For illuminated conditions r<inf>s</inf>depends on<tex>J</tex>as well, being maximum near short-circuit and minimum near open-circuit; however, r<inf>s</inf>further depends on the photogenerated current J<inf>L</inf>: its short-circuit value increases with J<inf>L</inf>from<tex>r_{b} + r_{e}/3</tex>to<tex>r_{b} + r_{e}/2</tex>and the open-circuit value decreases with J<inf>L</inf>from<tex>r_{b} + r_{e}/3</tex>to<tex>(r_{e}r_{b})^{1/2}</tex>. The variability of r<inf>s</inf>is therefore related to the relative importance of r<inf>b</inf>and<tex>r_{e};r_{b}</tex>plays the role of attenuating this variability, a situation not well recognized previously. Previous theoretical and experimental work is critically reviewed throughout this paper.


My thesis analyzes the
Mexican Drug Violence. This conflict follows partially the model of a so-called
'new war', post-modern conflicts in which armed groups merge with organized
crime and deliberately create a situation of chaos and lawlessness. Actually,
it has actually moved beyond that into a form of hybrid warfare:
multidimensional, elusive, unpredictable and fought on many fronts with
different weapons and intensities. The war being waged by radical Islam is
another example of hybrid warfare. From an economic perspective, the cartels
are extreme examples of predatory capitalist corporations that thrive in a
neoliberal, globalized economy. Just as legal business, cartels face issues
such as human resources, publicity and branding, corporate social responsibility,
diversification and innovation. From an anthropological point of view, I
investigate the motivations of the actors who engage in criminal activities and
extreme cruelty. There are remarkable similar mechanism how people are being
taught to kill and I compare Mexican professional assassins with West-African
child soldiers and Western Jihadists. Extreme acts of violence beyond the
instrumental are often called 'senseless'. However, this closes the door for
investigation. There is a logic and meaning behind 'inhumane' violence that is
in fact part of the repertoire of human behavior.


We consider the influence of extra dimensions on the force in Casimir pistons. Suitable analytical expressions are provided for the Casimir force in the range where the plate distance is small, and where it is large, compared to the size of the extra dimensions. We show that the Casimir force tends to move the center plate toward the closer wall; this result is true independently of the cross section of the piston and the geometry or topology of the additional Kaluza-Klein dimensions. The statement also remains true at finite temperature. In the limit where one wall of the piston is moved to infinity, the result for parallel plates is recovered. If only one chamber is considered, a criterion for the occurrence of Lukosz-type repulsion, as opposed to the occurrence of renormalization ambiguities, is given; we comment on why no repulsion has been noted in some previous cosmological calculations that consider only two plates.


Ad hoc networks are multi-hop wireless networks where traffic can be routed through multiple intermediate nodes if direct link between source and destination does not exist. Hence, the specific routing protocols either table-driven or on-demand protocols are required to find paths to destinations. However, most of them consider only hop count without taking into account the link quality in path finding process, and it easily leads to network congestion. Many routing metrics were proposed as the link quality to be used to determine the best path in ad hoc networks. The example metrics are Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and its extensions. However, they are not much accurate to be used to precisely predict the link quality in highly dynamic topology networks. In this work, Effective Estimated Throughput (EET) is proposed as the new routing metric to incorporate the available link bandwidth and the delivery rate in order to accurately predict the path throughput. Various simulation scenarios are constructed in heterogeneous environment where different types of nodes exist. In addition, these scenarios illustrate the ability of the link quality aware routing based on EET metric in supporting multi-rate networks compared to the routing based on hop count and ETX metrics.


This report provides an overview of the current understanding of the recent U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) breaches, which may have compromised personal information of former and current federal employees. It also discusses issues and questions raised about the source of the breaches, possible uses of the information exfiltrated, potential national security ramifications, and implications for the cybersecurity of federal information systems.


expressions of aggressive nationalism. The third section of the book addresses the expanded field of visual arts, in chapters on sculpture, architecture, Japanese gardens, prints, crafts, calligraphy and fashion. Each chapter engages in a different rehearsal of Japanese modernity, developing the complexity and interconnectedness of visual consciousness across institutional and popular artistic concerns. Audrey Yoshiko Seo brings the book to a close with a concise account of the interplay between Japanese and Euramerican fashion designers throughout the twentieth century. Mindful of cultural stereotypes, it is nevertheless difficult to ignore a sense of how deeply a formal language of organic abstraction in Japanese visual traditions has infiltrated the international avant-garde of fashion, in the light of Seo's account. Since Meiji: Perspectives on the Japanese Visual Arts, 1868–2000 is an accessible scholarly overview of modern Japanese visual arts that makes an important contribution to the cross-cultural dynamics of contemporary arts discourse. The book is illustrated with ample black and white reproductions but, as is common in publishing today, the number of colour plates is minimal. This is an excellent textbook for students of the arts and a useful scholarly reference for researchers. But most importantly, it is inspirational reading in how art history takes on the challenge to narrate national stories of visual arts practice against the grain of postmodernism's resistance to national "constructs".


Diabetic retinopathy infection spreading on the retina vessels along these lines and it loses blood circulation that causes the visual loss in the time, so early identification of diabetes anticipates visual impairment in over half of cases. The programmed division of corneal veins into two-grade corneal images could achieve early representation. In this paper, the ant-colony technique for programmed dividing retinal arteries is used in two improvements in the previous methodology. Finally, the second development is the application of special heuristic capabilities in the ant-colony method, completely dependent on the supposition of chance, rather than the old one recently used on Euclidean distance. In our own database is for everyone a solitary database, which has a very pathology for diabetes retinopathy and important fundus structures, which is still clarified for each image in a database that makes it attractive for planning and assessing estimations of the diabetic retinopathy by coloring fundus images, which are currently reachable and completely new for early identification.


FRACTIONAL ALLUVIAL IMAGE - A NEW METHOD OF GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING

Summary
Fractional alluvial image, involving distinquishment of 6 grain-size classes, was applied in prospecting stannum ores in the range of metamorphic slates of northern cover of the Karkonosze granite. The method makes it possible to distinquish secondary aureoles of dispersion around mineralized zones characterized by the occurrence of cassiterite grains; the grains are very small in size, some are over 0.1 mm in diameter. Recognition of enrichment in stannum grains of any fraction enables evaluation of the size of cassiterite grains in primary ore. Fractional image may also be of same value in searching for alluvial concentrations of economic importance.


Errors made in the coding of a set of 1,209 relatively structured questionnaires were examined in an effort to discover characteristics of the data set and of the coding instructions which contributed to the occurrence of error. Items included in the questionnaire were ordered with respect to the complexity of the coding task involved. The number of errors per decision was found to vary directly with the level of complexity of the task. Closer examination of the types of decisions involved, including the computation of proportion agreement with criterion codes and validity coefficients, revealed sources of error within different levels of complexity. The use of non-mutually exclusive sets of coding categories was found to introduce error into the coding process, and it is suggested that this error is not reflected in resultant measures of reliability and validity. Decisions made in a series applying the same set of categories to a number of similar responses within an item were found to effect lower validity coefficients for later decisions in the series.


The present invention provides a medical image processing apparatus capable of determining the state of the acquired brain images, and the image is adapted to adjust the brain tissue separation processing. The medical image processing apparatus selected as the slice image from the processed images of the brain slice image formed by a plurality of objects as a slice, according to the selection of the target slice, the measurement process executed the cerebral parenchyma of the effective maximum value, the maximum effective image of the entire brain measurement process, measurement process average peak value around the skull, measured according to the effective maximum value of the brain parenchyma, the maximum value of the effective image of the entire brain, skull around the peak average value, it is determined whether the value of the high signal suppression processing, in a case where the determination process is required to suppress the high signal value, the signal value of the high brain performs image reduction processing.


: This work aims to discuss public policies that involve the process of training for foreign language teachers in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Guided by a qualitative approach, settled in the research-training method, aimed to understand the conflicts and interactions present in the development of continuing training of foreign language teachers of the Centro Cearense de Idiomas (CCI). For this study, the characteristics, plans, and actions developed by the Education Departament of Ceará (SEDUC-EC) and the CCI itself were analyzed as to the continuing training of its teachers. The results reveal that reflecting the training with peers is a good perspective considering the reality; teachers need public training policies that help them resign their formative route and non-obstacles that already surround the teaching profession in such negative and often almost insurmountable way; collective work has presented itself as a possibility for overcoming challenges.


Device for a motor vehicle, comprising a navigation device (1-5) with at least a GPS receiver (2), wherein a circuit for switching on the navigation device (1-5) is closed upon actuation of a lock of a vehicle door, characterized in that the closed circuit after a predetermined time when a vehicle engine is not started, opens.


Technologically-enriched communication environments are already changing many aspects of the human social fabric, including the bonds of friendship, the definition of neighborhood, the give-and-take of education, and the transacting of business. As the virtual network grows in scope, expressiveness, and functionality, it will affect our sense of sociability, our understanding of world affairs, and our engagement in the global economy. In the past, point-to-point connectivity of the mail system and the telephone allowed us to reach across a distributed social landscape to specifically selected people and sites. At the same time, the one-way nature of capital-intensive "mass media" communications -newspapers, radio, and television -created a power structure dominated by the opinions of a few. As we enter the brave new world of the World Wide Web, the old paradigms of media control are breaking down. No longer is the creation and distribution of information restricted to large firms, governments, academics, or wealthy entrepreneurs. Individuals are able to receive and to publish what they want, when they want, where they want, and for whom they want at a reasonable cost. As the network becomes "smarter," the highly distributed community of audience will be formed and reformed based on the manipulation of meta-data which conveys the interests of the consumer and the economics of efficient entrepreneurial effort to the system. Now, the system becomes an active player and the very concept of information becomes nebulous. By "information" do we mean streams of coherently organized story content, or small chunks of decontextualized data collected in a repository, or meta-information culled by the system? Can the system decide whether story content should be presented in the background or the foreground plane of consciousness? Who owns the meta-data, and how can we be sure that it will be used on our behalf? Finally, as the base of power shifts from individuals to the collective systemic network activity, how will we value human individuality and artistic expression?


In recent years, bariatric surgery has enjoyed a high level of approval. There are several technical and surgical options. Most of the departments of obesity surgery perform usually the same procedure, when just in a few center the procedure can be adapted depending on the patient need. In this paper the most popular technical choices in our country are presented based on the Consensus Conference that is taking place now in the Italian Society of Obesity Surgery (SICOB), in order to give our guidelines and policies.


The drift mobility of holes in single crystals of ferrocene, triphenylamine, and trans‐stilbene has been measured by the method of transient photoconductivity. At 20°C the mobilities are: ferrocene, 2.2×10—2 cm2/V·sec; triphenylamine, 2×10—2 cm2/V·sec; and trans‐stilbene, 2.4 cm2/V·sec. In trans‐stilbene, the hole mobility decreases slightly with increasing temperature in the range of 100° to —50°C. In ferrocene and triphenylamine, the mobility increases with increasing temperature, but not in a manner that suggests hole motion by a thermally activated, hopping‐type motion. The photoconductive excitation spectra in these solids follow the optical absorption of the exciton states built from the π and π* states of the molecules.


Based on the lower limit principle of plastic theory,formulas are derived for calculating the flexural strength of high-strength concrete columns reinforced with steel tubes in the form of symmetrical reinforcement which is commonly used in engineering.Through a great deal of calculation and analysis,a simplified method for calculating the flexural strength of high-strength concrete columns is proposed under the condition that the ratio of tube diameter to the size of long side of column section is in the range of 1/4-2/3,the grade of steel is HRB335,and the axial reinforcement ratio is in the range of 1%-3%.A case study shows that the calculated result of the simplified method is close to the experimental data,and that the method is simple in calculation and practical in engineering.


The advent and evolution of 2D echocardiography with Doppler gave a new dimension to the evaluation of valvular heart disease (VHD) and noninvasive cardiovascular hemodynamics. Extending from basic M-mode evaluation to the more sophisticated Doppler techniques, the way one looks at the valve anatomy and physiology has changed significantly. Doppler echocardiography has become the everyday tool for diagnosing valve pathology and for the serial evaluation of VHD (van de Brink et al, 1991). Despite significant technical advancements in image quality, spatial and temporal resolution, suboptimal image quality has not been entirely eliminated. Often due to body habitus (both obesity and markedly underweight individuals), chronic obstructive lung diseases or mechanically ventilated patients, 2D echocardiography suffers from poor signal to noise ratio (SNR). In these circumstances, the spectral Doppler signals are also weak due to high acoustic impedance. Harmonic imaging, power Doppler, low mechanical index pulsing and contrast echocardiography (CE) are some of the methods to improve image quality (Allen MR et al, 1999; Kitzman DW et al, 2000). Gramiak and Shah, often considered pioneers in the use of contrast agents, demonstrated the use of indocyanine dye to improve visualization of cardiac chambers (Gramiak & Shah, 1969). Several authors have compared the application of contrast use against second harmonic imaging in assessing endocardial definition and proven its superiority (Kornbluth M et al, 2000). The American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) has recommended the use of contrast for the purposes of improving endocardial visualization in all subjects with >2 suboptimal contiguous wall segments, to reduce interpreter's variability and augment accuracy (Mulvagh SL et al, 2008). They also recommend using contrast agents to diagnose pathologic conditions that occur predominantly in the left ventricular (LV) apex, since this near-field region is better visualized after CE. This would include diseases such as apical variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, isolated left ventricular noncompaction, apical thrombus and left ventricular aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm. Contrast agents have also been used for enhancing the spectral Doppler signals required for evaluation of LV diastolic function, cardiovascular hemodynamic assessment, and comprehensive valvular analysis. Despite these standard national guidelines and recommendations, it has been estimated that <1% of warranted patients ever receive contrast. These authors believe that CE is underutilized across the globe. In this chapter, we focus our attention to one particular use of contrast agents-the augmentation of continuous


A preconditioned, homogenous, multiphase, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes model with mass transfer is presented. Liquid, vapor, and noncondensable gas phases are included. The model is preconditioned in order to obtain good convergence and accuracy regardless of phasic density ratio or flow velocity. Both incompressible and finite-acoustic-speed models are presented. Engineering relevant validative and demonstrative unsteady and transient two and three-dimensional results are given. Transients due to unsteady cavitating flow including shock waves are captured. In modeling axisymmetric cavitators at zero angle-of-attack with 3-D unsteady RANS, significant asymmetric flow features are obtained. In comparison with axisymmetric unsteady RANS, capture of these features leads to improved agreement with experimental data. Conditions when such modeling is not necessary are also demonstrated and identified.


Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) system is a significant component of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) as traffic signs assist the drivers to drive more safely and efficiently. In this paper, a new traffic sign detection and recognition approach is presented by using Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) and it is including three stages. The first stage segments the images to extract ROIs. The segmentation is usually performed based on Adaptive thresholding to overcome the color segmentation problems. The second one detects traffic shapes. Given that the geometric form of traffic signs is limited to triangular, circular, rectangular and octagonal forms, the geometric information is used to identify traffic shapes from ROIs provided by the first stage. The third stage recognizes the traffic signs based on the information including included in their pictograms. Moreover, in this work, six types of features are extracted. These features were provided to the FNN classifier to perform the recognition. As a classifier, FNN, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers have been tested together with the new descriptor. The proposed method has been tested on both the German Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Benchmark dataset. The results obtained are satisfactory when compared to the state-of-the-art methods.


Bioclimatic indices provide an evaluation of the effect of climate onthermal sensation and comfort, due to the combined use of various atmospheric parameters.In this context, and bearing in mind the comfort of Lisbon's population, we have developeda methodology for the preparation of bioclimatic maps and performed the spatial modellingof an index applied to the city of Lisbon − the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET).Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed spatial modelling of thevariousmeteorological and physical variables of the territory and computed the value ofPET for different extreme weather conditions. The resulting maps will contribute to a betterknowledge of the thermal comfort in the city of Lisbon and will provide instruments forbioclimatic characterization, spatial planning and civil protection.


With the booming development of e-business, consumers gradually get used to check and rely on online product reviews as their important references for making their decisions on purchase. Base on the Evaluation Likelihood Model (ELM), this research aims to find out the main persuasive factors of online reviews on consumers' attitude and behavior over restaurant food products. 158 valid questionnaires are collected, and the data is analyzed by using LISREL. The result shows that the quality of the contents and the quality of reviewers influence consumer's decision making, and the quality of content has a greater impact than the quality of reviewers. Numbers of browsing and likes are the most represented factors among the quality of reviewers while insight and readability best represent the quality of contents. Business organizations are suggested to develop strategies to improve their operation's quality and efficiency of their online reviews.


: The paper covers the analysis of the results of sociological research focused on the identification of the ac-tual structure of professional value orientations of the high school teachers. The complex of values regulating the pr o-fessional activity of a teacher reveals the specific features of the modern education system, reflects the relations be-tween the actors of the educational process, and defines the existing issues in the sphere of the higher education. In this connection, the study of teachers' value orientations is especially topical at the present stage of social development as


Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a common problem in today's world. Patients with hemodialysis are subjected to stress even more severe than others. Objectives: This study aimed to explain patients' perception with hemodialysis about stress exposure and its consequences. Patients and Methods: This study is a qualitative approach based on directed content analysis. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with patients treated with hemodialysis. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method and data saturation was reached by conducting 11 interviews so that, the new finding was not added. Data analysis was simultaneously conducted based on Grant's model of the consequence of exposure to stress. The validity and reliability of the data was confirmed using peer review method and results were also confirmed by participants. Results: Four themes, including support, psychological outcomes, adherence to treatment and physical trouble, 12 categories and 33 sub-categories were obtained during data analysis process. According to the results, "support" was added. Conclusion: The results showed that patients, with the help of available supportive resources, confront with the difficulties that lie ahead and reduce the hemodialysis-related stress in themselves. Support resources including; family, medical personnel, similar patients, friends and community resources.


We define a quantum Perron–Frobenius master operator over a suitable normed space of translationally invariant states adjoint to the quasi-local C* algebra of quantum lattice gasses (e.g. spin chains), whose spectrum determines the exponents of decay of time correlation functions. The theoretical ideas are applied to a generic example of kicked Ising spin 1/2 chains. We show that the 'chaotic eigenmodes' corresponding to leading eigenvalue resonances have fractal structure in the basis of local operators.


Public health has regained the attention in urban planning field in two aspects including healthy city planning and healthy impact assessment. This paper discusses the research and practice of healthy city. Based on the papers included in this special issue, it is explored that approaches and factors of healthy city planning, empirical studies focusing on specific population and specific healthy aspect, healthy city indicators, the development and practice of healthy impact assessment (HIA). This paper is concluded with the focuses for healthy city planning and assessment in the future. 关键词: 健康城市规划;健康影响评估;兴起与趋势


Unlike photovoltaic systems installed on land, photovoltaic systems applied to the offshore plant have the characteristic that is installed in a limited space. For single point mooring plant, it is advantageous in terms of a reliable power supply to be installed in different directions of photovoltaic panels, because it is not possible to identify the position of the sun by rotation of the plant itself. Differences of installation angle between photovoltaic panels make a difference of the intensity of radiation irradiated on each photovoltaic panel, and it brings loss of generation quantity due to the partial shading. In order to provide a photovoltaic system suitable for offshore plant, the modeling which contains multiple photovoltaic panels controlled by single controller is performed. Then, it was examined how the output characteristics of the photovoltaic system change about the difference of the intensity of radiation that varies depending on the altitude of the sun. Finally, through the simulation, a development model of the photovoltaic system which is suitable for offshore plant is suggested.


A single-stage power factor corrected PWM converter with extended load power range is presented. The topology is based on a zero-voltage zero-current switched full-bridge (ZVZCS-FB) inverter. Steady state analysis of the topology shows that by operating the LC load filter in discontinuous mode, the DC link voltage remains bounded and independent of the load level. Therefore, the load power range can be further expanded, including the no-load operating condition. The analysis also shows that the extension of the load power range is achieved without any penalty in (a) the input power factor (due to the input current waveshaping feature), (b) the converter efficiency (due to ZVZCS and the single-stage features), and (c) the load voltage quality (due to the high bandwidth of the phase loop). Simulated and experimental results are included to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.


To reduce the influence of initial particle distribution on convergence of basic particle swarm optimization algorithm,this paper proposes to solve multi-objective reactive power optimization model in power system by applying chaotic immune-vaccine particle swarm optimization algorithm which enjoys the advantage of ergodicity of chaotic optimization theory and immune vaccine of artificial immune system.The algorithm guarantees the rational particle distribution in random initialization by adopting chaotic optimization to generate initial particle,which is the control variable of reactive power optimization and choosing the optimal particles as initial particle swarm;at the mean time,the algorithm adopts artificial immune-vaccine optimization to enhance the rate and accuracy of research.Through the simulation study on IEEE30 joint system example,this paper analyzes and compares reactive power optimization model solution of both basic and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm.Analysis proves the feasibility of chaotic immune-vaccine particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving multi-objective reactive power optimization.


Ruyu Hung is a professor in the Department of Education, National Chiayi University, Taiwan. Her interests are in the fields of phenomenology, ecological thinking, philosophy of education, human rights education and the interrelations between them. She is now focusing on 'anthropo-non-centrism' in relation to the idea of deconstruction and phenomenology. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Edward Comstock is a faculty member in the College Writing Program of the Department of Literature at American University. His work explores the intersections of education, philosophy, and history, with an emphasis on the relations of power to behavior and identity in schools. His most recent work explores constructions of attention in the classroom. Email: email@example.com Peter Rule is a Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Adult Education at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. He has published in the areas of HIV/AIDS, adult literacy, disability, gender and early childhood development, and is chairperson of the board of Little Elephant Training Centre for Early Childhood Education. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Jim Mackenzie taught philosophy of education at the University of Sydney for many years until it discontinued teaching in the area at the end of 2008. He has now retired, and continues to write. He has published widely both on the formal theory of dialogue and on various topics in the philosophy of education. Email: jim.mackenzie@ sydney.edu.au Constance Ellwood is an Honorary Research Fellow in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne. Her research interests include a focus on subjectivities and the ethics of speaking and listening in intercultural contexts. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Sharon Jessop is lecturer in Education at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Adrian Jones OAM has taught Russian History at La Trobe University since 1985. Interested in history education, Adrian was one of two Foundation Directors of the [Australian] National Centre for History Education (2000-2003). Adrian co-authored in 2003 the [Australian] National [policy] Statement of the Teaching and Learning of History. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Educational Philosophy and Theory,Vol. 43, No. 9, 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00820.x


The inadequate financing of public school facilities under the maximum class size requirements in Texas public education raises issues of quality and equity In six chapters, this thesis attempts to examine the costs of facilities needs and to evaluate the options available to state and to local school districts. Chapter 1 states the problem and the background of the problem, whicb includes but is not limited to teacher shortages, inadequate facilities, and insufficient funding to exact compliance with Texas' legislative requirements. Chapter 2 provides a recent history of school financing in Texas. It outlines the major changes that have occurred since the Gilmer-Aiken bills of the late 1940s through the reforms of House Bill 72 in 1984. Chapter 3 looks more closely at the effects of the provisions of the bill dealing with maximum class size. This chapter also examines some of the arguments advanced in the literature concerning the effects of reduced class size on student achievement, Chapter 4 examines current methods of financing school facilities in Texas and discusses the financial effects of reductions in class size for local school districts. Chapters 5 and 6 outline school facilities financing in other states and present options for Texas in dealing w-th the school facilities problems precipitated by the maximum class size requirement of House Bill 72. The conclusion is that the current law provides no flexibility for districts to design educationally sound options other than furnishing additional classrooms or to meet the requirement of lower pupil-teacher ratios in the early grades by means other than providing for additional classrooms. This conclusion raises serious questions about the law's effect on improving equity in educational opportunity and outcomes. (JAM) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** FINANCING PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES UNDER THE MAXIMUM CLASS SIZE REQUIREMENTS IN TEXAS


The present invention comprises an actuator for driving by, and the clutch unit is at least one friction clutch for controllable torque transmission to the output element from the input element, the friction clutch to a method for controlling a vehicle power train clutch unit for do. And the degree of wear of the clutch output unit for control of the clutch unit, and the characteristic curve of a friction clutch adapted based on the calculated degree of wear, the clutch unit is controlled according to the characteristic curve by using the actuator. Clutch unit, a friction clutch, an actuator, a clutch unit wear, the characteristic curve


somewhat misleading: one might suggest somewhat maliciously that it might have been better entitled &dquo;What happens at the National Bureau.&dquo; It represents a culmination, and a distillation of decades of research along highly special lines. The National Bureau collects time series much as entomologists collect bugs. It then proceeds to manipulate these time series in order to find some method for summarizing the information contained in' them. The present volume is based on a maximum of 794 different time series of varying lengths and significance, with a more detailed analysis of smaller samples. The essence of the method of analysis is the device of the &dquo;reference cycle,&dquo; which is obtained by identifying the peaks and troughs (of three months duration) of the general business cycle, and dividing the period between trough and peak and between peak and trough into three equal periods, yielding nine points of reference in all. I and IX are the first and second troughs; V is the peak; II, III, and IV are stages on the way up; and VI, VII, and VIII are stages on the way down. By this device the shape of cycles can be described roughly without going into too much detail.


The growing popularity of online social media (OSM) has led to the creation of a wide amount of social media platforms. In this context, the increasing competition among platforms and the emergence of decentralized alternatives such as Blockchain Online Social Media (BOSM), have led to more frequent user migrations: individuals tend to switch platforms in search of improved features, content, or communities. Therefore there has been increasing interest in user migration studies modeling and predicting user migration. However, user migration, especially in blockchain-based platforms remains an understudied problem. Existing methods rely on user activity to derive interaction graphs and then address the user migration prediction problem as a node classification task, where user decisions are encoded as node labels. While the performance look promising, there are currently two important research gaps: i) there is no work using graph neural networks, the state-of-the-art in machine learning on graphs; and ii) there is a lack of methods designed to improve prediction performance in the case of class imbalance, i.e. the presence of dominant behavior among the ones to predict. In this paper, we propose a machine learning pipeline utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs) to predict user migration in BOSM. We model the data as a directed temporal multilayer graph, capturing social and monetary interactions among users. To address the problem of class imbalance in node classification, we introduce a data-level balancing technique following an undersampling approach. The evaluation, conducted on data describing user migration across blockchain online social media platforms, shows that graph neural networks are a suitable machine learning approach to perform user migration prediction. Furthermore, the proposed undersampling approach improves predictive power on severely imbalanced data. These results highlight how graph neural networks are effective in predicting user migration, without the need for manual feature engineering and in the absence of user information. Our methodology holds potential for applications beyond user migration, such as fraud detection and bot detection, and opens up venues for further research in other prediction tasks in online social networks and blockchain-based systems.


Th e Federal Law of June 27, 2018, No. 167-FZ, aimed at countering the theft of funds from bank accounts, seems to allow credit institutions to signifi cantly reduce losses from unauthorized operations of fi nancial frauds committed using remote banking systems.


Summary
Reciprocal complementation experiments in mouse L cells and BHK-21 cells show that the complementing temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Indiana serotype, isolated from the hr wild-type strain, belong to groups I, III and IV (Flamand & Pringle, 1971). Since the homologies of ts mutants isolated from three different wild-type strains growing in different host cells can be established by cross-complementation, proposals are made for a uniform nomenclature of ts mutants of VSV Indiana.


Previous research found a beneficial effect of augmentative signs (signs from a sign language used alongside speech) on spoken word learning by signing deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The present study compared oral DHH children, and hearing children in a condition with babble noise in order to investigate whether prolonged experience with limited auditory access is required for a sign effect to occur. Nine- to 11-year-old children participated in a word learning task in which half of the words were presented with an augmentative sign. Non-signing DHH children (N = 19) were trained in normal sound, whereas a control group of hearing peers (N = 38) were trained in multi-speaker babble noise. The researchers also measured verbal short-term memory (STM). For the DHH children, there was a sign effect on speed of spoken word recognition, but not accuracy, and no interaction between the sign effect in reaction times and verbal STM. The hearing children showed no sign effect for either speed or accuracy. These results suggest that not necessarily sign language knowledge, but rather prolonged experience with limited auditory access is required for children to benefit from signs for spoken word learning regardless of children's verbal STM.


SARS-CoV-2—the virus that causes COVID-19—emerged in the waning months of 2019 and spread globally thereafter (Timeline of WHO's Response to COVID-19, 2020). The virus and its variants continue to infect record numbers, killing over five million people worldwide (WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, 2021). Individuals and societies have sought behavioral interventions to minimize exposure and spread of the illness, as effective vaccines have only recently become available, and vaccine distribution has been variable. Motivation science can offer guidance about goal-directed behavior during a pandemic. Goals, which are consciously selected, play a key role in regulating and guiding behavior (Elliot and Fryer, 2008). A foundational precept of behavior involves moving toward a positive object (approach) or moving away from a negative object (avoidance) (Elliot and Covington, 2001). Here, object is used broadly to refer to an object, event, or circumstance. This approach-avoidance dichotomy is a fundamental distinction in motivation, and proves a useful framework to examine the costs and benefits of behavioral responses to the pandemic.


A Garagentoroffnersystem and method comprise a radio receiver and a closing Garagentoroffnersystem, which are interconnected via a vehicle bus. When the radio receiver receives a radio closing garage door opener closing request signal from a key fob, it forwards a command signal over the vehicle bus to the garage door opener transmitter. If the garage door opener transmitter receives the Befehelssignal from the remote keyless entry receiver, a garage door, it forwards signal to a garage door opener receiver of a garage, for controlling a garage door.


A new approach to parallel fault simulation for sequential circuits based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD) is proposed. The ef f iciency of BDDs for simulation is well known. However, traditional BDDs are not well-suited for fault simulation. Furthermore, up to now, they have not been used for parallel simulation. In the paper, a new class of BDDs is presented, called Structurally Synthesized BDDS (SSBDD). Sequencial circuits are represented as a network of SSBDDs. SSBDD networks allow ef f icient and compressed fault modeling. An algorithm is developed and implemented for parallel fault simulation based on the new SSBDD model.


Abstract : Under this research grant, we carried out realistic first-principles computer calculations of the ground-state and finite-temperature structural and dielectric properties of cubic perovskite materials such as BaTiO3, SrTiO3, KNbO3, and PbTiO3. These materials display an intriguing variety of ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric, and antiferrodistortive structural phase transitions, and are of particular interest for technological applications in view of their unique dielectric and piezoelectric properties and their widespread use in Navy acoustic transducer (sonar) systems. During the contract period, we succeeded in developing a detailed microscopic understanding of the structural and dielectric properties of many of these materials. In particular, we calculated the structural properties and identified the instabilities for eight materials; we developed a new approach to calculating electric polarization, and used it to compute spontaneous polarizations and dynamical effective charges; we calculated the phase transition sequence for BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 as a function of temperature; we studied the ground-state structure and phonons carefully for PbTiO3; and we carried out studies of domain walls and surfaces in BaTiO3.


Travel planning and recommendation are important aspects of transportation. We propose and investigate a novel Collective Travel Planning (CTP) query that finds the lowest-cost route connecting multiple sources and a destination, via at most <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="shang-ieq1-2509998.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> meeting points. When multiple travelers target the same destination (e.g., a stadium or a theater), they may want to assemble at meeting points and then go together to the destination by public transport to reduce their global travel cost (e.g., energy, money, or greenhouse-gas emissions). This type of functionality holds the potential to bring significant benefits to society and the environment, such as reducing energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions, enabling smarter and greener transportation, and reducing traffic congestions. The CTP query is Max SNP-hard. To compute the query efficiently, we develop two algorithms, including an exact algorithm and an approximation algorithm. The exact algorithm is capable finding the optimal result for small values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="shang-ieq2-2509998.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> (e.g., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $k = 2$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="shang-ieq3-2509998.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula>) in interactive time, while the approximation algorithm, which has a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $5$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="shang-ieq4-2509998.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula>-approximation ratio, is suitable for other situations. The performance of the CTP query is studied experimentally with real and synthetic spatial data.


A large-scale (C-13)O map (containing 33,000 spectra on a 1-arcmin grid) is presented for the giant molecular cloud located in the southern part of Ori which contains the Ori Nebula, NGC 1977, and the L1641 dark cloud complex. The overall structure of the cloud is filamentary, with individual features having a length up to 40 times their width. The northern portion of the cloud is compressed, dynamically relaxed, and supports massive star formation. In contrast, the southern part of the Ori A cloud is diffuse, exhibits chaotic spatial and velocity structure, and supports only intermediate- to low-mass star formation. This morphology may be the consequence of the formation and evolution of the Ori OB I association centered north of the molecular cloud. The entire cloud, in addition to the 5000-solar-mass filament containing both OMC-1 and OMC-2, exhibits a north-south velocity gradient. Implications of the observed cloud morphology for theories of molecular cloud evolution are discussed. 14 references.


AFC is an electro‐acoustic enhancement system, which has been under development at Yamaha Corporation. In this paper, several types of various AFC applications are discussed, while referring to representative projects for each application in Japan. (1) Realization of acoustics in a huge hall to classical music program, e.g., Tokyo International Forum. This venue is a multipurpose hall with approximately 5000 seats. AFC achieves loudness and reverberance equivalent to those of a hall with 2500 seats or fewer. (2) Optimization of acoustics for a variety of programs, e.g., Arkas Sasebo. AFC is used to create the optimum acoustics for each program, such as reverberance for classical concerts, acoustical support for opera singers, uniformity throughout the hall from the stage to under‐balcony area, etc. (3) Control of room shape acoustical effect, e.g., Osaka Central Public Hall: In this renovation project, preservation of historically important architecture in the original form is required. AFC is installed t...


65 YAŞ ÜZERİNDEKİ HASTALARDA UYGULANAN PENETRAN KERATOPLASTİNİN ETYOLOJİSİ, SONUÇLARI VE PROGNOZU Introduction: The objective of this study is to evaluate indications, outcomes and prognosis in geriatric patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Materials and Method: 84 of 297 patients, who underwent PKP between January 2013-August 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, time between the onset of complaints and keratoplasty, duration of follow-up, other intraoperative-postoperative surgical procedures, complications, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using paired-t test. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: 84 eyes of 84 patients-49 (58.33%) male, 35(41.67%) female, mean age 65-83 (73.5±10.8) years-were included in the study. PKP was performed due to pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) in 35 (41.67%) patients, corneal leukoma 27 (32.14%), post-traumatic corneal scar 8 (9.52%), graft failure 6 (7.14%), aphakic bullous keratopathy 5 (5.95%), corneal dystrophy 3 (3.57%). The most common indication was PBK (41.67%). 23 (65.71%) of the PBK patients had posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), 10 (28.57%) anterior chamber, 2 (5.71%) scleral fixation. The time between the onset of complaints and keratoplasty was 3-31years. The mean duration of follow-up was 17.7 months. Intraoperatively, extracapsular cataract extraction+IOL implantation was performed on 13 (15.47%) patients, vitrectomy+lens extraction+IOL implantation 8 (9.52%), pupilloplasty 7 (8.33%), anterior chamber IOL extraction+anterior vitrectomy 6 (7.14%). Postoperatively, re-keratoplasty was performed on 9 (10.71%), secondary IOL implantation 8(9.52%), Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation 4 (4.76%), phacoemulsification 3 (3.57%), resuturation 1 (1.19%). Postoperative graft failure was observed in 9 (10.71%) patients, glaucoma 8 (9.52%), cataract 3 (3.57%), endophthalmitis 2 (2.38%), traumatic wound dehiscence 1 (1.19%). Preoperative-postoperative visual acuity was 1.43±0.76, 0.40±0.15 (logMAR), respectively (p<0.01). Preoperative-postoperative IOP was 13.78±6.50 mmHg, 16.01±2.29 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion: The most prevalent PKP indication in patients aged above 65 years was PBK; the results along with other surgical methods were quite satisfactory.


The existing theoretical approaches have been unable to confront the large corpus of outstanding data on the cuprate superconductor in a persuasive and unified manner. There is a general opinion now growing that these theories miss some essential points. We propose one based on multichannel Kondo effect that is physically justifiable and confronts the data adequately. In addition to earlier data, the definitive proof of involvement of this effect has been now provided by the numerical agreement of the characteristic Kondo temperatures with the fluctuation frequencies at which Eliashberg function peaks. It is, therefore, suggested that the theory of multichannel Kondo effect be accepted as the correct theory of underdoped cuprate.