The treatment of the Negro is America's greatest and most conspicuous scandal. For the colored peoples all over the world, whose rising influence is axiomatic, this scandal is salt in their wounds.... [However,] the American Negro is thoroughly American in his culture and whole outlook on the world. He is loyal to America, and there is no danger that he will betray it.... America, for its international prestige, power, and future security, needs to demonstrate to the world that American Negroes can be satisfactorily integrated into its democracy.--Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (1944) I believe in communism. I mean by communism a planned way of life in the production of wealth and work.... Who now am I to have come to these conclusions? ... This is the excuse for this writing which I call a Soliloquy.--W. E. B. Du Bois, The Autobiography of W. E. B. Du Bois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century (written 1958-1960, first international publication 1964, first US publication 1968) ********** During and after World War II, as liberation struggles and the costs of war undermined the system of territorial colonialism employed by European powers, US neocolonialism emerged as the ascendant form of international hegemony, one that superseded colonial methods of direct rule with political and economic domination and a preponderance of military strength. As postcolonial countries achieved a negotiated independence, they found themselves facing the effective control of the United States, which sought to manage global decolonization through a discourse of anti-communism and a transnational capitalist system that included the unprecedented penetration of US capital and goods into formerly restricted economies. The presence and power of the Soviet Union, however, meant that the subordination of formerly colonized states to US hegemony remained contingent to a degree. The Soviet Union sought to undermine consent for US influence in Asia and Africa by publicizing acts of racial violence and segregation in the United States, claiming these acts as evidence that white supremacist doctrine suffused the world-ordering ambitions of the US and the social relations of international capitalism. Central to the postwar rise of US neocolonialism, therefore, was the necessity to manage the racial contradictions that gave rise both to decolonization in formerly colonized states and to anti-racist movements in the US. Because it proved capable of managing such contradictions, racial liberalism emerged as a central political ideology and mode of social organization in post-war US society. In contrast to white supremacy, racial liberalism acknowledged racial inequality to be a problem and secured a liberal symbolic framework for resolving racial antagonisms centered in legal equality, African American attainment of possessive individualism, and inclusive civic nationalism. The watershed document of racial liberalism, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and American Democracy (1944), a social scientific study of US race relations spearheaded by Swedish social scientist Gunnar Myrdal, dominated the rationality and politics of race in the United States until the mid-1960s. (1) In the first epigraph above, An American Dilemma calls for a liberal nationalist anti-racism that was to become a tenet of Cold War ideological battles: "The treatment of the Negro is America's greatest and most conspicuous scandal. For the colored peoples all over the world, whose rising influence is axiomatic, this scandal is salt in their wounds.... America, for its international prestige, power, and future security, needs to demonstrate to the world that American Negroes can be successfully integrated into its democracy" (Myrdal 1021). Although the study takes it to be self-evident that decolonization and the ascendancy of the United States have elevated race to a global symbol and that the visibility of racial inequality compromises US dominance, this situation does not invalidate US claims to global leadership. …


Aluminum (Al) compounds are used in many applications, including as a coagulant for water treatment. Al is also a well‐established neurotoxin. Epidemiological studies indicating a potential link between Al and adverse neurological effects have generated controversy as to whether a drinking water standard for Al is needed. This article discusses regulatory values for Al in drinking water and the differences in opinion of regulatory agencies regarding the regulation of Al.


H. Asbjornsen is an Associate Professor, University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Resources, Durham, NH 03824; P.V. Caldwell is a Research Hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Watershed Science, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC 28763; J.L. Campbell is a Research Ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station (NRS), Center for Research on Ecosystem Change, Durham, NH 03824; G.E. Grant is a Research Hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW), Ecological Process and Function Program, Forestry Science Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97331; D.J. Isaak is a Research Fish Biologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), Boise, ID, 83702; S.P. Loheide is an Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Madison, WI 53706; G. Sun is a Research Hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station (SRS), Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center (EFETAC), Raleigh, NC 27695. Ecohydrological Implications of Drought


Abstract A new regio- and stereo- specific synthesis of a useful intermediate (7) for aphidicolane and stemodane diterpenoids is reported. The formation of ring C from 6b is achieved by Rh(II) catalyzed intramolecular carbon-hydrogen insertion.


Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah are the main sources of reference in learning tarannum. The essence of these two sources can be understood through the agenda of the National Philosophy of Education (FPK), Philosophy of Islamic Education (FPI), and the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. Recognizing the importance of changing learning and facilitating (PdPc) for the current generation, 21st-century learning initiatives have been launched by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) nationwide which outlines more dynamic learning features and meets current needs. Therefore, this article discusses the results of a study that focuses on the implementation of the teaching of tarannum al-Quran among trainee teachers of the Special Class for Reading and Memorizing Al-Quran (KKQ). The study was conducted using a qualitative research design by applying the method of triangulation, namely semi-structured interviews, observation of teaching sessions, and document analysis on six informants of trainee teachers of Bachelor of Islamic Education, specializing in Quranic Studies. In addition, the implementation of the teaching of tarannum al-Quran based on PAK 21 is also applied in PdPc sessions through a variety of teaching strategies and appropriate Teaching Aids (BBM). The findings of the study revealed that the informants successfully implemented the teaching of tarannum al-Quran based on the 21st century.


A 67-year-old woman attended the Emergency Care Unit at 12 de Octubre Hospital with the suspicion of an odontogenic abscess diagnosed in another hospital. She presented with pain at lower left canine and growing submental mass. However, clinical examination suggested a plunging ranula and CT scan showed a "clock sand-like" image which is typical in dermoid cysts. Anatomic pathology confirmed that the mass was a lymphangioma. A literature review has been done to understand and differentiate masses that can be found in this region.


as themolar absorptivity of its Cu(II) complex in carbon tetra-chloride, but it requires a high degree of operator skill as thereagent is very sensitive to other metals as well. Cuprizonereacts with Cu(II) to produce a blue, water-soluble complex;however, the molar absorptivity of this complex is relativelylow, at 1.6×10


The corrosion features of hospital preparation of hydroxyl benzene ester,benzoic acid and sorbic acid,salt,quaternary ammonium salts and chlorhexidine,preservatives,and puts forward the liquid product in hospital preparation should be combined with liquid PH value,according to the characteristics of the preservative solution properties,composition and other factors,a reasonable choice of preservatives.


Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with zeolite-like structured materials have interesting characteristics because of their high surface areas and pore volumes. Among the various MOFs reported thus far, Fe-BTC was chosen as an additive to improve the dispersion stability of soft-magnetic carbonyl iron particle-based magnetorheological (MR) fluids. The morphology of the Fe-BTC additive was examined by TEM, and the behavior of the MR particles dispersed in silicone oil was examined using a rotational rheometer. With a typical magnetic property, the Fe-BTC additive added MR fluid showed similar MR behavior with that of the CI based MR fluid while its improved dispersion stability was observed.


Abstract.
 The study was carried out between 1996 and 1998 on a plot covered by mixed woodland near the southern boundary of the city of Warsaw. A total of 39 nests were investigated. The woodpeckers laid their eggs during the last ten days of April and at the beginning of May. The mean clutch size was 5.6 (n = 18). The number of young reared differed from season to season and was associated with the fledging date. More fledglings left nests with earlier broods. 81% of broods were successful, i.e. at least one young was reared. The duration of the breeding season — from the laying of the first egg to the fledging of the last chick — was 40–42 days.


District heating utilities have an increasing interest in expanding their business into direct heating services. However, the changeover to a direct heating service from an district heating utility for a sitting tenant still entails legal difficulties. The situation regarding the new rental of properties does not constitute a problem. In this case, the landlord can offer the tenants the property with a contractual relationship with a third party from the outset, with associated invoicing of heating costs by the third party. The position is more difficult where existing tenancies are involved. In this case the landlord is usually under a contractual obligation to heat the property. The tenant assumes the heating costs when the overhead costs are invoiced. Two questions arise when changing over from »in-house heating« to the commercial provision of heat by a third party: 1. Is the landlord permitted to change the heat provision? 2. How will the costs be apportioned? The decision taken by some regional courts to give preference to financial considerations, energy saving and environmental aspects in finalising tenancies between landlord and tenant is certainly welcome from a legal point of view. However, questions of the apportionment of costs remain contentious. Until such time as a ruling is made by a higher regional court, there will continue to be further disagreements between land-lords and tenants on implementing a direct heating service. Analyse des problemes poses par la decision d'un proprietaire de confier le chauffage de sa propriete a une societe de service, lorsqu'il y a des locataires. Etude des reponses juridiques apportees en cas de litige.


The article looks back on the historiographical features of «Memoria e Ricerca» during its first twenty-five years of existence. The analysis relies on the frequency of words contained in the titles of the published contributions. These words are bundled into 102 concepts the recurrence of which is observed over the time. What emerges is the profile of a journal of contemporary history, which by genesis and by vocation can be defined as a journal of history of the political that follows a comparative and transnational approach. Preferably it investigates social, cultural and symbolic languages, whose dynamics are often captured through the spatial dimension. Thanks to its broad understanding of the political realm, the journal includes areas of research that range from geography to the economy, from technology to art, and to media and communication. Through the lenses of the journal's evolution, also some more general developments in Italian and international historiography can be observed.


Abstract The interactive development of clusters between manufacturing and producer services is important for China to break its comparative economic dilemma. The scientific novelty in this article is embodied by the interaction of various clusters of manufacturing with producer services. Taking the location quotient as the index measuring cluster, it was found that various manufacturing clusters and producer service clusters in the east achieved comparative equilibrium, while the middle and the west were comparatively imbalanced in development. By comparison of influencing factors, it was shown that decline of energy consumption and technology level, acceleration of multinational corporations, strengthening of competition and cooperation and strictness of regulation are beneficial to traditional industrial clusters. However, the effects of these factors on modern industrial clusters were the opposite. Empirical analysis showed that traditional manufacturing clusters had a close relationship with traditional producer service clusters, and were the opposite with modern producer service clusters. Finally, the countermeasures for achieving the interacting development of industrial clusters were proposed from aspects of the gradient development of producer services clusters, the guidance of dominant industries in manufacturing clusters, promotion of industry clusters by centralising high-levelled elements and the diversity of policy guidance.


Location: UZ Brussel, Auditorium Kiekens, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, België. An attendance certificate will be sent to the participants after the seminar from the SMRT office. Registration fee: 20€, SMRT members: 15€ Name: ............................................................... Hospital: ............................................................... E-mail address: ................................................................


The increase of security incidents brings a challenge to the cloud computing security. Intrusion detection technologies have been applied to protect information in cloud from being compromised, and complicated learning‐based detection methods have been used to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems. Higher quality and well‐formed samples are crucial to the performance of detection algorithm. Therefore, we mainly study the intrusion detection model based on data optimization processing. In this article, we establish an intrusion detection algorithm based on ensemble support vector machine with bag representation. Specifically, the sample flows are divided into bags, where the sample flows in each bag are related to each other. Each bag contains multiple related data flows that can accurately reflect intrusion behavior, especially persistent intrusion. What's more, ensemble algorithm is applied to detection model, which greatly optimizes the performance of detection algorithm. The experimental results on open access datasets show that the proposed model detects the persistent attack with 90.58% recall.


Bunnell T (2014) The Changing Landscape of International Schools: Implications for Theory and Practice. Oxon: Routledge. Hattie J (2009) Visible Learning: A Synthesis of over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Abingdon: Routledge. International Schools Consultancy (ISC) (2014) http://monitor.icef.com/2014/03/new-data-on-internationalschools-suggests-continued-strong-growth-2/ Pollock DC and Van Reken RE (2009) Third Culture Kids: Growing up among Worlds. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Rader D and Sittig L (2003) New Kid in School: Using Literature to Help Children in Transition. New York: Teachers College Press. Schaetti B (1998) Transitions resource teams: a good answer to an important question. International Schools Journal 17(2): 52–58.


Network slicing is considered to be a crucial feature of fifth generation cellular systems. By dividing the network infrastructure into multiple logical segments, network slicing can support parallel services with different requirements. While technology developments focus on slicing the core networks, there are limited studies in network slicing for radio access networks (RAN). Hence, in this letter, we study the RAN slicing and slice coordination, which is formulated as a bi-convex problem. Even though there are complicated couplings between the RAN resource allocation for each slice and the coordination of the slices that share the same resources, we design two algorithms addressing these couplings of this bi-convex problem. Simulation results validate the efficacy of our proposed algorithms.


Synthesis of electrochemically active carbon supported nanoparticles (NPs) was achieved via direct one-step sputtering onto a carbon containing liquid substrate. Platinum (Pt) and platinum–nickel (PtNi) NPs of approximately 2 nm in size were uniformly deposited onto carbon supports via a sputtering method with polyethylene glycol (PEG) being used as a liquid substrate. Unlike expensive ionic liquids, this experiment leads to direct application for the electrocatalyst, due to the absence of the surface absorbable ions which can hinder electrochemically active surfaces. The fabricated carbon supported Pt NPs had comparable activity to commercial Pt/C catalysts, and PtNi NPs on carbon synthesized by co-sputtering exhibited 1.9 times higher mass activity at 0.95 V for the oxygen reduction reaction relative to the conventional catalyst. Synthesis via a sputtering process onto the PEG is beneficial due to repeatable results, has easy scalability for mass production as well as a simple and convenient preparation method for NPs.


(CMNP). The patients were randomly allocated to single-level thoracic manipulation (STM) at T6-T7 or multiple-level thoracic manipulation (MTM), or to a control group (prone lying). Cervical range of motion (CROM), visual analog scale (VAS), and the Thai version of the Neck Disability Index (NDI-TH) scores were measured at baseline, and at 24-hour and at 1-week follow-up. At 24-hour and 1-week follow-up, neck disability and pain levels were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the STM and MTM groups compared with the control group. CROM in flexion and left lateral flexion were increased significantly in the STM group when compared with the control group at 1-week follow-up. The CROM in right rotation was increased significantly after MTM compared to the control group at 24-hour follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in neck disability, pain level at rest


Human Action Recognition (HAR) is an important task for numerous computer vision applications. Recently, deep learning approaches have shown proficiency in recognizing actions in RGB video. However, existing models rely mainly on global appearance and could potentially under perform in real world applications, such as sport events and clinical applications. Refereeing to domain knowledge in how human perceive action, we hypothesis that observing the dynamic of a 2D human body joints representation extracted from RGB video frames is sufficient to recognize an action in video. Moreover, body joints contain structural information with a strong spatial (intra-frame) and temporal (inter-frame) correlation between adjacent joints. In this paper, we propose a psychology-inspired twin stream Gated Recurrent Unit network for action recognition based on the dynamic of 2D human body joints in RGB videos. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 89,97% in a subject-specific experiment and outperforms the baseline method that fuses depth and inertial sensor data on the UTD-MHAD dataset. The proposed framework is more cost effective and highly competitive than depth 3D skeleton based solutions and therefore can be used outside capture motion labs for real world applications.


Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG 1) on halving extreme poverty is measured with the international poverty line. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the measurement of MDG 1 by reviewing the r ...


SUMMARY O-group bib, Trisopterus luscus caught on the cooling water intake screens of Fawley Power Station in March and April 1982 were infected (prevalence = 34·8%; intensity = 1·65/infected fish) with adult females of the pennellid parasitic copepod Lernaeocera lusci. The bib sample of 293 fish was divided, for analysis, into 5 length classes. In each of these the level of parasitization with L. lusci was broadly similar and in all 5 classes the parasite population was over-dispersed. Of the living copepods on T. luscus, 93% possessed egg strings while the remaining 7% consisted of earlier developmental stages. The majority of the parasites were attached to gill arches and here they exhibited distinct microhabitat and orientation preferences. A 3–2–4–1 descending order of gill arch utilization was apparent and copepods were non-randomly distributed along the dorso-ventral axis of gill arches with medial and ventral sectors being more heavily used than dorsal ones. An analysis was carried out on the body and egg string wet weights of parasites removed from fish harbouring different parasite densities. As copepod density increased neither the mean parasite body weight nor egg string weight altered significantly. Length/weight relationships of uninfected and infected fish were remarkably similar and thus provided no evidence that L. lusci has a marked effect on the condition of O-group T. luscus. The study demonstrated a significant positive association between infection with L. lusci and heavy infections with metacercarial cysts of Cryptocotyle lingua.


The present invention relates to the sealing liner will, cylindrical body of metal in an open top; Sikimyeo and sealing the upper opening of the cylindrical body, it includes a silicon thin film which supports the end of the cutting member with a closed internal pressure.


The main subjects of the paper are the methodology of characterizing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and the properties of a three-million-pixel monochrome display system. The system is characterized by display function and dynamic range as a function of viewing angle, spatial luminance uniformity, flicker, peak-to-peak temporal modulation transfer, spatial modulation transfer function (MTF), spatial noise power spectra, and single-pixel signal-to-noise ratios. The evaluated LCD has image quality that, in most respects, is superior to CRT monitors of comparable addressable pixel matrix. In particular, the LCD has perfect spatial modulation transfer. For the evaluated monochrome display system, the general limitation of liquid crystal display (LCD) drivers to 8-bits of grayscale precision is overcome by spatial as well as temporal modulation techniques. The architecture of the control electronics of the system is presented, and as part of it, the implementation of the modulation techniques. The spatial or a combination of spatial and temporal modulation techniques increases the precision with which luminance levels can be defined to 9.58 or 11.58 bits, respectively. The conformance of the calibrated display with the DICOM Standard Display Function is demonstrated without and with application of the modulation techniques. Excellent conformance is achieved for the combination of spatial and temporal modulation.


This preliminary study examined the relationship be tween self-compassion and mental health in universi ty going 80 adult students (30) female and (50) male. The se lf-report measures of self compassion and mental he th were administered among the participants for data. Pears on's product method and t-test were used to find th e results. The result indicates that students' ability to kindly accept o neself while suffering is significantly associated with mental health. The research findings, conclusion and future sugges tions are discussed.


Background: The results from an Ethiopian national baseline assessment for Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care
(EmONC) Performed in 2008 clearly shows poor access and utilization of EmONC services, very low critical life-saving servicesand poor quality of health care services as evidenced by high still birth rates in most regions of the country with the exception of Addis Ababa, Gambella and Somali.
Methods: An institution based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from March to April 2013 at 48 health
centers in eight districts in Ethiopia. An interviewer administered questionnaire and observation checklist was used to col- lect standardized data from participating health centers that focused specifically on maternal and newborn health services at each of the facilities.
Results: The majority of health centers, 95.8% (46/48) were open to provide labor and delivery service 24 hours a day, 7
days a week. However, only 11.5% (47/410) of health workers in the study catchment area had previously received in- service training in Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC). The partograph was not used routinely to monitor labor in 48% (23/48) of the health centers. One fourth (12/48) of health centers had a vacuum extractor and/ or obstetric forceps for assisted delivery, but 3 health centers reported never having used this equipment. One third, 33.3% (16/48) of health centers had manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) sets to provide services related to abortion care. Magne- sium sulphate was available only in 10.4% (5/48) of health centers to treat a laboring mother with convulsions. Conclusions and recommendations: Results suggest that although the majority of the health centers participating in the study provide delivery services, quality of BEmONC services and availability of supplies and equipment were question- able. Most health centers don't practiced administration of parenteral antibiotics, MVA, assisted vaginal delivery and other essential services. Effort should be made at all health centers across Ethiopia to increase the availability of essential drugs, equipment and supplies for the provision BEmONC service Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health,
2014, Volume 7(1), 11-21).

Key words: Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care, Maternal health, Neonatal


The nucleation and the growth of diamond films are two separated stages of film deposition that follow significantly different rules. The initial nucleation step in the CVD deposition of Nanocrystalline Diamond films is considerably influencing the resulting film properties of the deposited films. Thus, specifically tailoring film properties requires understanding and optimization of both, the nucleation stage and the growth stage. In this work the influence of different pretreatment methods for the substrates on the one hand and on selected plasma properties on the other hand are shown. Substrates were ultrasonically pretreated with titanium powder, with diamond powder of different crystal sizes and with combinations of both. Additionally a low pressure nucleation step is performed prior to the deposition step to enhance nucleation. The impact of the different pretreatment methods on thickness, nucleation density and surface morphology of the growing film is determined. Additionally Raman Spectroscopy is performed to investigate the quality and the structure of the deposited films. A standard pretreatment method is suggested based on the results. Furthermore the influence of the C2/Hα intensity of the plasma – as measured in situ by optical emission spectroscopy – on growth rate and nucleation density is investigated. The role of the C2 in the nucleation process is discussed on the basis of the findings.


What will be analysed in the paper, from the pragmalinguistic perspective, is the specificity and the positioning of wishes in an MP's speech as a particular type of text. In my research, I would like to shed some light on the multifunctioning of such speech acts in the public performances, to which parliamentary speeches belong, which stems from the multitude of their addressees. I will be particularly interested in the change of the illocutionary force of wishes which, thanks to the influence of the irony that they contain, may serve the opposition politicians to mock the ruling party's MPs. This, in turn, can indirectly lead to the disparagement of the latter. In a broader sense it can also be the result of a general persuasive function of all political speeches. The marking of irony is very specific for a given culture or even the idiolect of particular MPs. The precise knowledge of the possible indirect readings of some MPs' utterances, and the techniques for deciphering ironic expressions would be very valuable for interpreters who have just recently begun their work in e.g. the European Parliament, where the speeches of MPs are interpreted simultaneously.


Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectroscopy is used to examine the dissociative photodetachment (DPD) of at 266 and 258 nm in a kinematically complete manner. The resonance enhancement of predissociation in the DPD of is reported for the first time and a previously reported shift to a low KER channel at high photon energy is ascribed to vibrationally excited anions [K.E. Kautzman, P.E. Crider, D.E. Szpunar and D.M. Neumark, J. Phys. Chem. A 111 (49), 12795–12801 (2007)]. Photodetachment to the bound X and A states of results in stable , whereas excitation to a repulsive state results in dissociation of , forming two ground state I atoms. DPD occurs via multiple energetically accessible repulsive states, both directly and via predissociation of the bound state of . At 266 nm direct DPD and resonance enhanced predissociation dominate the DPD dynamics, whereas at 258 nm predissociation is less favoured and direct DPD shifts to preferentially occur via the state, particularly for vibrationally excited anions. Bound-continuum Franck–Condon factors are calculated to model the individual contributions to the dissociative photoelectron spectra from three energetically accessible repulsive states. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


While the practice by Jews of Eastern meditation was sharply criticized in the Jewish world in the sixties, today, Buddhist-inspired new forms of "Jewish meditation" are being taught in most mainstream Jewish institutions in America and the Western world. What has led to such a turnaround? Using Barth's concept of "agents of change," the case studies of six American Jews teaching meditation shows how individual strategies can end up impacting the topography of a religious field, how the margins can impact the "center" of a religious group. As it reshapes Judaism's symbolic boundaries, both external and internal, the phenomenon of the Buddhist Jews invites us to rethink religion as a process constantly in the making, continuously shaped by individual choices and cultural interactions.


Terminal carboxylic acid group is 25 eq / t or less of polyethylene terephthalate resin (A) 35 to 80 wt%, polyester elastomer (B) 0 wt%, organic crystallization promoter that does not contain an alkali metal salt (C) 0. 05-3% by weight, the inorganic crystallization accelerator (D) 0.05 to 8 wt%, polycarbodiimide compound (E) 0.05 to 5 wt%, and inorganic fiber reinforcement (F) 5 to 60 wt% a luminaire component polyester resin composition containing not only fogging suppression of the glass surface and the reflector also luminaire when exposed to a high temperature environment, excellent in moldability no decrease in crystallization speed, ramp mounting parts to provide easy polyester resin composition also excellent snap fit.


Abstract This paper is a study of a method to determine from external observations only, potential sets of feedback gains that can be used by humans to control their postural stance. These gains amplify sensor signals in order to produce torques at the joints. The method consists of modeling the human biped in two ways-as a one degree-of-freedom inverted pendulum with a vestibular estimator and as a two degree-of-freedom compound inverted pendulum for which the vestibular system is approximated. The feedback gains in these models are systematically changed until the computer simulated motion of the nonlinear model is close enough to observed human motion. Comparisons are made between these results and those of other experimental investigations. An analysis of minimal sets of gains and sensitivity of the gains to measurement errors in weights, lengths, and moment of inertia are discussed.


Optical flow is a powerful application of image processing that is used in a variety of applications, primarily in object tracking and motion estimation. In this paper, we implement a system for vehicle motion tracking and velocity estimation using Lucas-Kanade (L-K) algorithm based optical flow method. The work includes two applications of optical flow: tracking the movement of the vehicle in the case of a fixed camera and velocity estimation of a vehicle with a camera mounted on it. Pre-processing steps include gaussian smoothing, and computing spatial and temporal gradients. This is followed by the further formulation of Lucas kanade equation in the form of matrices. The system of equations is then solved using the least square error criteria, and the flow vectors are obtained. Processes such as segmentation, blob analysis, camera calibration, and thresholding are further done which are used for velocity estimation as well as motion tracking. The functionality was tested and verified on video sequences obtained from the lab testing scenarios and real-world camera visuals taken from various sources.


A (1120) textured ZnO film can excite SH-SAW. Therefore, the film on various substrates is an attractive option for fabricating the SH-SAW device on a silicon IC, and the device on a curved surface. In this report, the electromechanical coupling coefficients (K1) in the ZnO (0deg, 90deg, psi) film/silica glass substrate structures were theoretically estimated. The theoretical results showed that the IDT electrode/ZnO (0deg, 90deg, 55deg) film/silica glass substrate structure had a relatively large K2 value of 3.4 % at H/lambda=0.21. This structure was then fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The experimental results clearly demonstrated SH-SAW excitation in the structure.


We investigate the possibility of a spontaneous collapse of the nuclei constituting the water molecule. We show that, due to a practically exact agreement of the energy of the p + p + 16 O threshold and a resonance state of the 18 Ne nucleus, the probability of nuclear fusion involving p + p + 16 O → 18 Ne*(4.522, 1-) in the rotationally excited H 2 O molecule is significantly enhanced. The calculation of the fusion probability is performed using a scheme analogous to the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), well known in the theory of molecules.


This study aims to describe the relationship between code mixing and illocutionary speech acts in Denny Sumargo's podcast episode "Chaotic Israel, politics, and football" using sociopragmatic studies. The method used in this study includes data collection and data analysis. Data collection was carried out using a proficient free-of-view technique by noting and marking the data to be used. The data analysis used is the matching method. The data sources in this study were the host (Denny Sumargo) and guest star (Coach Justin). The data in this study is the spoken language between the host and guest stars which contains code mixing. The main research instrument in this study is the researcher himself or the human instrument. The results of this study cover 3 aspects, namely the causes of code mixing were found in 25 data, the forms of code mixing were found in 48 data, and the link between code mixing and illocutionary speech acts was found in 44 data. Based on the relation between the use of code mixing and illocutionary speech acts that have been analyzed, there are five types of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative.


Early fertilizer experiments on ragi (Eleusine coracana, G.) and recent fertilizer trials on maize are reviewed. Nitrate appeared to be the best form of N fertilizer under dryland conditions. Fertilizers increased ragi tolerance to drought. Profitable returns from fertilizer applications were obtained even under rainfed conditions.[31:22].


A series of sisal based activated carbon fibers were prepared with steam activation at temperature from 750℃ to 900℃. Their pore structures were characterized through their nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K using different theories. The results showed that t-plot method and DR-plot method could suitably be used to characterize the mesopore structure and the multi-stage distribution of pore size of activated carbon fibers. It also showed that the pore size widens with the increase of activation temperature.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Polarization effects and the source of electrons in two-dimensional electron gas at insulating oxide heterointerfaces H.W. JANG, D.A. FELKER, C.M. FOLKMAN, D.L. PROFITT, S.H. BAEK, M.S. RZCHOWSKI, C.B. EOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K. JANICKA, Y. WANG, M.K. NIRANJAN, E.Y. TSYMBAL, University of Nebraska-Lincoln — The discovery of a twodimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the heterointerface between insulating perovskite oxides LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 has stimulated intensive theoretical and experimental studies on the origin of the 2DEG. Empirically, the electron density has been found to be strongly dependent on the oxygen partial pressure during growth and the thickness of the polar LaAlO3 layer. Understanding and controlling the source of the electrons in 2DEGs at oxide heterointerfaces is important for the optimization of their performance. In this talk, we will discuss electrical properties of heterointerfaces between various polar perovskites and SrTiO3 fabricated by pulsed laser ablation. The importance of built-in electric fields due to polarization-induced charges, bandgap energy, and oxygen vacancies in the polar layers is highlighted using a simple analysis based on electrostatics. The experimental Hall data are then compared with the theoretical result from first-principles calculations. Ho Won Jang University of Wisconsin-Madison Date submitted: 30 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


"Plant Tissue Culture" is a basic course of forestry,gardening,horticulture,biotechnology and other professional in agricultural university.Based on experience of years of teaching,the teaching reform was conducted from textbook selection,course content,teaching means and teaching methods to enhance the students' practical ability and improve teaching quality.


In a recent letter, our group proposed the usage of pseudonoise (PN) sequences to create special bandpass grating structures. The reflectivity spectra of these devices show broadband spectral characteristics similar to direct-sequence spread spectrum. In this letter, the applications of these special grating structures to optical add–drop multiplexers are analyzed. The principal goal of this analysis is to study how PN gratings influence the performance of add–drop multiplexers, especially with respect to the possibility of adding and/or dropping a multitude of wavelengths. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 30–37, 2000.


In computational and theoretical chemistry, real numbers programming
certain structural skin appearance of natural molecules and derivative from parallel molecular graphs
are called the graph invariants or more frequently structural descriptors (topological indices).

Structural descriptors are numeric quantities, which are resulting from a molecular structure
by mathematical calculations.

In Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property
Relation (QSPR) study, these parameters are utilized to compute the biological properties of chemical
composites.

In this computational research paper, we find a degree based on the edge version of
topological indices of Titanium dioxide nanotube and nanosheet.


Perioperative nursing of 48 patients with meniscus injury were reported in this paper. In author's opinion, arthroscopic revision of meniscus injury was both fine and complicated operation. Correct preoperative hair removal, function exercise guidance before operation, mental care and the early function exercise after operation are key to the success of operation and recovery of knee joint function.


This study aims to evaluate the behavior of ASTM A653 CS-A G90 steel in the process of Incremental Sheet Forming – ISF, based on the following parameters: diameter of the tool (Dt in mm) and the vertical step size between consecutive contours (∆z in mm). The experiments were based on a variation of the ISF process, called Single Point Incremental Forming - SPIF. In this study, seventeen tests were conducted using a punching tool with diameters (Dt ) of 5, 6 and 8 mm and vertical steps (∆z) of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm, intending to evaluate the true strain to the ISF process and the surface finishing measured by roughness parameter (Rz). Whereas, for the execution of practical testing, the resources used were a CNCmachining center with three axes, tools for incremental forming and a sheet-press device. As a result, greater depths were achieved using an incremental step of 0.4 mm. In additional tests, it came to attention that the diameter of the tool was also an important parameter when it is desired to increase the formability and greater depths are obtained when using small diameters. It can be observed yet, there is a tendency to increase the roughness parameter Rz when using greater vertical steps ∆z


A theoretical approach is formulated for the calculation of the macroscopic dielectric response of a collection of spheres at random positions embedded in a homogeneous medium. It is found that there are appreciable deviations from the Maxwell-Garnett formula. It is noted that with volume fraction increasing the pair multiple interactions between inclusions become significant. We also investigated numerically the way in which the absorption peak is modified by the contributions due to multiple interactions between inclusions.


Many important herbs [e.g., mint (Mentha sp.), thyme (Thymus sp.)], underused and nutritious vegetables [e.g., purslane (Portulaca oleracea), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)], and important biological control plants [e.g., sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima)] have small seeds (≤ 1.5-mm long) that are difficult to plant with raw (i.e., nonpelleted) seed using existing seeders. A novel tool known as the slide hammer (SH) seeder was developed for the precise seeding of raw seeds of small-seeded plants. The SH seeder is a jab-type planter made primarily from electrical conduit tubing and other materials that are inexpensive and readily available in a hardware store or on the Internet. The interchangeable seed hopper is made from a plastic snap cap vial that has one or more holes of varying diameter depending on the desired seeding rate and seed size. Seed forms a "bridge" above the hole in the vial until they are dislodged from the force of the SH that discharges seeds to fall to the soil. Detailed plans are provided for how to make and use the SH seeder. The fabrication time is 2 to 4 hours with a material cost of ≈$32. I determined the seed vial hole specifications for the precise seeding of a variety of small-seeded plants, including chives (Allium schoenoprasum), chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), grain amaranth (Amaranthus sp.), sweet alyssum, purslane, creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and spearmint (Mentha spicata) that ranged in size from ≈200 to 11,000 seeds per gram. The diameter of the hole that was suitable for discharging the seed from the vial was always larger than the average seed length, and the ratio of hole diameter to seed length ranged from 1.07 to 1.62. Seeding rate uniformity evaluations were conducted for these species using vials with one vs. two holes and showed that the seeding rate was higher by an average of 58% to 173% from a vial with two holes compared with one hole. For most plant species evaluated, the SH seeder was able to dispense as few as one to three seeds consistently. Seed discharge increased somewhat with increasing SH weight for all species evaluated. The SH seeder can be useful for interplanting sweet alyssum as an insectary plant for aphid (Aphidoidea) control between existing plants of organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and for intercropping cultivars of purslane as a novel vegetable in between transplanted organic broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica group) plants. This novel seeding tool has many potential uses for direct, hand seeding in vegetable and herb production systems and in weed research trials. The seeder could be automated and made with a variety of alternative materials.


The research of the policy of overseas Chinese Culture inspects and analyses the history and status quo of overseas Chinese,reviews the inheritance and reform of the policy.In accordance with the duty and characteristics of overseas Chinese affairs under the new historical condition,our work should strictly adhere to the Scientific Outlook of Development,make policy,guideline and strategy with the characteristics of Overseas Chinese Culture,and endeavor to build the harmonious society,realize the reunification of our motherland and the great renaissance of the Chinese people.


Terms and concepts related to the performance of multiple tasks by flightcrews are defined. A theory of cockpit task management (CTM) is presented. Several CTM errors committed by the flightcrew in a well-known air accident are discussed. Functions that advanced pilot-vehicle interfaces could perform that would facilitate CTM are recommended. An initial prototype embodying these suggestions is under development.<<ETX>>


2. Least-squares regression analysis revealed in both populations a close relationship between the femur head diameter and MSD, suggesting that in humans the maxillary sinus size as well as the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus floor are a function of skull / body size. From cranial measurements, the palatal height showed a very close relationship with MSD. Conclusion. The lack of a marked relationship between the form of the hard palate and the maxillary sinus volume in great apes, and the results of this study indicate that the evolutionary changes of the human skull such as the elongation of the facial skeleton beneath the cranial base as well as the reduction in jaw size led to a closer association between maxillary sinus and hard palate.


denitis. As mentioned earlier, few reports have provided photographs with the prototypic skin rash in KD (4–7). Cutaneous manifestations cannot replace lymph node biopsy for diagnosis because skin findings are delayed and lack specificity. However, identifying the rash as an extranodal feature of KD will prevent many from undergoing an unnecessary skin biopsy. We believe that our patient had the typical rash of KD, which resembles both urticaria and a generalized morbilliform eruption, and hope that his clinical photographs will function as a visual reference.


A formula for L is deduced which is suitable for waste fuel with the structural characteristics of porous media in addition, k is revised. It makes the empiric formula still suitable for waste fuel with the revised k and the deduced L is used.


Much of finance theory has been dominated in the past thirty years by the success of simple stochastic (continuous-time diffusion) models in giving clean and tractable solutions to the problems of optimal investment and option pricing. In particular, the work of Merton, Black and Scholes has had enormous appeal for mathematicians and physicists with training in stochastic processes and differential equations.


[Objective] To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA)with intravenous-inhaled anesthesia on postoperative PCA in patients undergoing thoracotomy.Methods 120 patients undergoing thoracotomy and requiring PCA postoperatively were randomly and averagely divided into group I(TIVA)and group Ⅱ(intravenous-inhaled anesthesia).The analgesics tramadol 1100 mg +fentanyl 0.3 mg +gelastron 4.5mg were diluted into 150 ml with normal saline.Loading dose(tramadol 1.5 mg/kg+ gelastron 1.5mg),bolus dose(0.5 ml),background infusion rate(2ml/h)and lockout time(15 min)were set.The following indexes were noted at 1,2,6,24,48 and 72 hours respectively after PCA pump worked:pain VAS score;sedation score;times of massage demanded and dose of supplemental tramadol;BP,HR,RR,SpO2 and side effects.Results The VAS score at 1,2h,times of massage demanded and dose of supplemental tramadol in group I were significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ(P﹤0.05).There was no significance in VAS scores at other time,sedation scores,side effects between two groups.Conclusion Patients undergoing TIVA for thoracotomy require more analgesics than intravenous-inhaled anesthesia in early stage of postoperative PCA.


All welding methods, with the exception of the cold-pressure process, require the introduction of heat into the parts being welded, either to raise the metal above its recrystallisation temperature or to melt it. Welding processes are in general distinguished by the way in which stored energy, either chemical, mechanical or electrical, is introduced into the workpiece in the form of heat. In electron-beam welding, as the name of the process implies, heat is generated in the work by the degradation of the kinetic energy of a fast-moving stream of electrons which are caused to impinge on it.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / B-0645 / The quantitative MRI evaluation of repair tissue after microfracture treatment for ankle osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)" by: "H. Tao, Y. Qiao, S. Chen; Shanghai/CN"


This is the second of three reports that form the review of wellbeing outcomes of music and singing for adults. This review includes 16 studies of participants with identified health conditions such as stroke, COPD and mental health conditions. We have not included clinical studies of music and singing, including interventions for patients in hospital, where the focus is on clinical outcomes such as pain management or coping with symptoms or hospitalisation. We have included studies with a concurrent comparator (CC) or qualitative studies where it would not be expected to include a comparator.
The methodologies for data extraction, quality appraisal for the studies reported here are the same as for the H1 studies detailed in Volume 1.


Various lightning protection measures are used for the wind turbine blade. Although in a lot of wind turbines, lightning protection measures which consist of lightning attachment points and down-conductors for allowing lightning current to flow to the earth safely are generally adopted, the influences of shape and the size etc. of the receptor on the effect of the lightning protection are slightly reported. In this paper, the results of the high voltage impulse tests to understand the difference of manner of lightning attachment are reported. Actual 29.5m length wind turbine blades are used for some tests.


This book should be useful to some engineering fluid dynamicists in that it relates to thermal stores and regenerators in which fluid motion is a major consideration. There is no doubt now that the rising cost of energy makes good thermodynamic practice generally, and regenerative systems in particular, increasingly important. The timedependent behaviour of the interlinked systems discussed in the book is remarkably complicated even though the most primitive models of the fluid mechanics have to be used. The book is very up to date and brings together important practical ideas for the fist time. It is of limited interest to persons primarily concerned with fluid mechanics proper, however. WILLMOTT. Hemisphere, 1981. 352 pp. $35.50.


The formation mechanism of massive stars remains one of the main open problem in astrophysics, in particular the relationship between the mass of the most massive stars, and that of the cores in which they form. Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of large molecular clouds, within which dense cores and stars form self-consistently, show in general that the cores' masses increase in time, and also that the most massive stars tend to appear later (by a few to several Myr) than lower-mass stars. Here we present a model that incorporates accretion onto the cores as well as onto the stars, in which the core's mass grows by a ``gravitational choking'' mechanism that does not involve any form of support. This process is of purely gravitational origin, and causes some of the mass accreted onto the core to stagnate there, rather than being transferred to the central stars. Thus, the simultaneous mass growth of the core and of the stellar mass can be computed. In addition, we estimate the mass of the most massive allowed star before its photoionizing radiation is capable of overcoming the accretion flow onto the core. This model constitutes a proof-of-concept for the simultaneous growth of the gas reservoir and the stellar mass, the delay in the formation of massive stars observed in cloud-scale numerical simulations, the need for massive, dense cores in order to form massive stars, and the observed correlation between the mass of the most massive star and the mass of the cluster it resides in. Also, our model implies that by the time massive stars begin to form in a core, a number of low-mass stars are expected to have already formed.


Curcumin (Cur) is a striking anticancer agent, but its low aqueous solubility, poor absorption, hasty metabolism, and elimination limit its oral bioavailability and consequently hinder its development as a drug. To redress these limitations, amphiphilic chitosan (CS) conjugate with improved mucoadhesion and solubility over a wider pH range was developed by modification with hydrophobic acrylonitrile (AN) and hydrophilic arginine (Arg); the synthesized conjugate (AN–CS–Arg), which was well characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results of critical aggregation concentration revealed that the AN–CS–Arg conjugate had low critical aggregation concentration and was prone to form self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous medium. Cur-encapsulated AN–CS–Arg NPs (AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs) were developed by a simple sonication method and characterized for the physicochemical parameters such as zeta potential, particle size, and drug encapsulation. The results showed that zeta potential of the prepared NPs was 40.1±2.81 mV and the average size was ~218 nm. A considerable improvement in the aqueous solubility of Cur was observed after encapsulation into AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs. With the increase in Cur concentration, loading efficiency increased but encapsulation efficiency decreased. The in vitro release profile exhibited sustained release pattern from the AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs in typical biological buffers. The ex vivo mucoadhesion study revealed that AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs had greater mucoadhesion than the control CS NPs. Compared with free Cur solution, AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs showed stronger dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. In addition, it was observed that cell uptake of AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs was much higher compared with free Cur. Furthermore, the in vivo pharmacokinetic results in rats demonstrated that the AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs could remarkably improve the oral bioavailability of Cur. Therefore, the developed AN–CS–Arg/Cur NPs might be a promising nano-candidate for oral delivery of Cur.


A mixed-flow pumping system was selected as the study case based on CFD technologies.Two difference methodologies of flow field analysis and performance prediction were conducted.One method was that the system efficiency was the production of pump efficiency with passage efficiency obtained by separate numerical simulation of suction box and discharge passage without pump.The other one was based on the simulation of whole pumping system including the suction box,discharge passage and pump.The predicted results from the two different methodologies were compared with model system test results,which showed that the predicted errors were different.The error of pumping system efficiency was smaller when the numerical simulation of whole pumping system was adopted,while the error was much greater when the system efficiency was predicted by the production of passage efficiency with pump efficiency,approximately equal only near the best efficiency point.The larger errors in predicting pumping system efficiency for the first method were mainly caused by unreasonable theoretic foundation.Therefore,it is suggested that the suction box,discharge passage and pump should be taken as a whole in numerical simulation and performance prediction and the effect of pump should be considered in the optimal hydraulic design of suction box and discharge passage.


Fine-grain parallel architectures require low-overhead mechanisms that support fast task-switching, synchronization, task and storage management, and communication. The evaluation of the cost and performance of those low-overhead mechanisms allow the designer to select the most appropriate implementation for a particular architecture. This dissertation studies three hardware mechanisms that support fine-grain parallel computation: the direct-mapped context cache, a low-cost synchronization unit, and a table-based task manager.
The direct-mapped context cache is a mechanism capable of single cycle task switching that performs memory transfers only on demand. The low-cost synchronization unit is capable of up to three synchronization checks per cycle without degrading performance. The table-based task manager is capable of single cycle task insertion and extraction, handling tasks with multiple priorities. It also performs basic memory management.
These three parallel mechanisms are modeled for area and cycle time penalty. Their performance improvements are evaluated by measuring the reduction in execution time in five parallel applications. The role of these three mechanisms in sequential applications is also explored. This dissertation contributes to our understanding of the performance and cost tradeoffs in fine-grain mechanisms for parallel architectures.


Learning a unified embedding for utterance-level video attracts significant attention recently due to the rapid development of social media and its broad applications. An utterance normally contains not only spoken language but also the nonverbal behaviors such as facial expressions and vocal patterns. Instead of directly learning utterance embedding based on low-level features, we firstly explore high-level representation for each modality separately via an unimodal representation learning gyroscope structure. In this way, the learnt unimodal representations are more representative and contain more abstract semantic information. In the gyroscope structure, we introduce multi-scale kernel learning, 'channel expansion' and 'channel fusion' operations to explore high-level features both spatially and channelwise. Another insight of our method lies in that we fuse representations of all modalities to obtain a unified embedding by interpreting fusion procedure as the flow of inter-modality information between various modalities, which is more specialized in terms of the information to be fused and the fusion process. Specifically, considering that each modality carries modality-specific and cross-modality interactions, we innovate to decompose unimodal representations into intra- and inter-modality dynamics using gating mechanism, and further fuse the inter-modality dynamics by passing them from previous modalities to the following one using a recurrent neural fusion architecture. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmark datasets.


The existing literature on firms, based on incomplete contracts and property rights, emphasizes that the ownership of assets--and thereby firm boundaries-is determined in such a way as to encourage relationship-specific investments by the appropriate parties. It is generally accepted that this approach applies to owner-managed firms better than large companies. In this paper we attempt to broaden the scope of the property rights approach by developing a simpler model with three key ingredients: (a) decisions are non-contractible, but transferable through ownership, (b) managers (and possibly workers) enjoy private benefits that are non-transferable, and (c) owners can divert a firm's profit. With these assumptions firm boundaries matter. Nonintegrated firms fail to account for the external effects that their decisions have on other firms. An integrated firm can internalize such externalities, but it does not put enough weight on the private benefits of managers and workers. We explore this trade-off first in a basic model that focuses on the difficulties companies face in cooperating through the market if benefits are unevenly distributed; therefore they may sometimes end up merging. We then extend the analysis to study industrial structure in a model with intermediate production. This analysis sheds light on industry consolidation in times of excess capacity.


This paper presents the results of a probabilistic mechanics bifurcation analysis of thick composite cylindrical shell under thermal loading. The bifurcation analysis is based on stability analysis of the elliptical equations of this problem, while the probabilistic analysis is based on a discrete probability method denoted RASCAL. In general, the bifurcation of thick composite cylindrical shells depends on the materials properties, volume fraction, and the thermal loading; however, there are some uncertainties in those quantities, and the analytical and computational results will be influenced by these uncertainties. For instance, the thermal loading, which causes the bifurcation of a thick composite cylindrical shell, is in a domain or range and the analytically predicted thermal bifurcation loading may be higher than the lower limit of the domain. The bifurcation theory for thick composite cylindrical shells is combined with the probability method RASCAL to provide a probabilistic simulation technique for predicting the thermal loading, which causes the bifurcation of a thick composite cylindrical shell. The RASCAL method is a hybrid discrete probability distribution and Monte Carlo method. The effect of material properties of fiber and matrix and volume fraction on the bifurcation of thick composite cylindrical shells can be provided.


OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to detect the effects of normothermic and mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on inflammatory mediators.METHODS Thirty cases,underwent ventricular septum defects repair,were randomly divided into two groups,normothermia(35℃) group and mild hypothermia(32℃) group.TNF-α and IL-1 were measured pre-CPB,at the cessation of CPB,and postoperative 20 hours.RESULTS During the experiment,the change of TNF-α was not significant and no significant difference was observed between two groups.Also,IL-1 had no significant change pre-and post-CPB,whereas it increased significantly postoperative 20 hours.In addition,at postoperative 20 hours,IL-1 was higher in normothermia gourp,but no significant difference between two groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION In pediatric simple open-heart surgery,normothermic and mild hypothermic CPB had the similar effect on inflammatory reaction.


Contents: 1.Introduction 2.The Clinical Approach to Suspected Rheumatic Disease 3.Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases 4.Uveitis and Neurologic Disease 5.The Central Nervous System and Rheumatic Diseases 6.Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations of Rheumatic Disease 7.Osteoarthritis and Spondylosis 8.Rheumatoid Arthritis 9.Sjogren's Syndrome 10.Spondyloarthropathies 11.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Related Conditions 12.Vasculitis 13.Progressive Systemic Sclerosis and Related Conditions 14.Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy 15.Lyme Borreliosis 16.Rheumatic Fever 17.Sarcoidosis 18.Therapy for Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Disease


Organic Computing leads to significant advantages for complex dynamic systems like reduced development efforts, increased adaptability and robustness. Especially safety-critical real-time systems, which have to maintain functionality even in the presence of faults or failures (fail-operational), have a very strong focus on robustness and dependability. Semantic knowledge of the system helps to maintain the major core functionality even when critical resources fail.
 This paper proposes an Organic Computing middleware architecture based on Artificial DNA (ADNA) and semantic description. The ADNA contains the complete building plan of the system stored in each computing node. This allows to rebuild the system at runtime in case of computing node failures. The newly added semantic description expresses the functionality, requirements and interactions of the ADNA components. This allows to modify the building plan at runtime if critical failures or environmental changes prevent to rebuild the original plan. Thus, the semantic description enables flexible degradation and adaptation concepts.


Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of death in Australia but access to Palliative Care is limited. In addition, previous studies indicate that patients with chronic lung disease are more likely to have their first encounter with palliative care in a critical care setting. Aim: Cabrini Hospital developed a shared model of early referral and access to palliative care for patients with advanced COPD integrated across the Respiratory Continuing care program and Palliative Homecare team, through: Enabling patients to live as actively as possible with focus on quality of life; Reducing time in hospital and optimizing utilization of continuing care services to support preferred place of care; Optimizing function and comfort physically, psychosocially, emotionally and spiritually; Minimizing physical and psychosocial symptoms. Providing adequate knowledge and open communication for patients and carers to help timely and informed decision-making; Supporting carers throughout the person's illness; and Supporting patients and carers when death is inevitable and through the bereavement period. Preliminary Results: Patient and families reported positive patient experience; improvement in preferred place of death; patients did not feel abandoned or "handed over' to another service; family end of life experience improved due to patient and family being well known to palliative homecare staff and respiratory nurses ; direct admission to inpatient palliative care services prevented a visit to emergency; prevention of hospital admission during final year of life improved quality of life; reduction in emergency calls to ambulance service due to breathlessness and anxiety; Conclusion: A shared model of early referral and access to palliative care markedly improved quality of services for patients with advanced, non-malignant lung disease. Training is required to support palliative homecare nurses to deliver care to patients with non-malignant disease, and equally for chronic disease nurses to support and deliver a palliative care approach. TO 002


The main purpose of this article is to provide some additional research evidence in an effort to illustrate how conventional accounts of the relationship between plea and outcome in certain specific offence categories may be oversimplified and inaccurate. More specifically, the article considers the extent to which these practices may represent further inroads into due process at the expense of those mechanisms designed to achieve a measure of "quality control" in the criminal process.


Reservoir heterogeneities are known to influence success or failure of infill wells in waterfloods, but no satisfactory ways currently exist for their characterization, quantification, or prediction. In 1950, Dykstra and Parsons (1) presented empirical correlation for waterfloods in certain California reservoirs based on observed variations in permeability. In general, procedures for most reservoir engineering predictions could be greatly improved if heterogeneity could be characterized by one or more terms. However, it is painfully obvious that because of the multitude of reservoir descriptions encountered in any oil prone basin, a single parameter (or a small number of parameters) may not be adequate. This is because of different ways in which heterogeneity impacts the performance of vertical or horizontal infill wells placed to enhance production/reserves in a variety of waterflood situations. It is postulated that reservoirs are divided into predominantly horizontal or vertical "compartments" due to spatial variations in reservoir attributes such as permeability, thickness, environment of deposition, and post-depositional changes. Oil contained in these compartments, though often not strictly isolated, is not easily contacted or displaced by the injected water. Alternately, flow within the reservoir might be predominantly through certain pathways, some of which might involve cross-flow between various regions or intervals. Horizontal wells do a better job of draining oil than vertical wells in certain situations and vice versa. This paper proposes a method for characterizing reservoir heterogeneity and illustrates its application via four case studies of infill wells in waterfloods in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Comparative performance is presented for infill horizontal and vertical wells placed in these projects during the past 15 years.


In this essay I explore salvation narratives in abortion and adoption dialogues, including the decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, to highlight the complex ways such stories function to divert attention from state regulation of families in support of a white supremacist, patriarchal agenda for the nation. I argue that these stories emphasizing salvation function as a way of hiding intersections of racism, misogyny, and homophobia driving this conservative social vision. Drawing on interdisciplinary narrative analysis, I consider laws and policies as stories about how society should function. In a "color-blind" legal system race cannot be an explicit consideration, yet exploring family laws in relation to each other, in a larger context of sociopolitical meaning, helps us see the ways in which all these social narratives function together as what Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham calls the "metalanguage of race."


In general, thoracic aorta after arterial switch operation has abnormal distortion from the beginning of the aorta to the proximal aortic arch. The abnormal geometric shape of the postoperative aorta may cause complex hemodynamic phenomena and lead to development of vascular disease like atherosclerosis and aneurysms in adults. In this research, we quantitatively evaluated the postoperative aortic shape by curvature and torsion, and investigated the effect of these parameters on hemodynamics using CFD analysis. As a result, axial velocity is skewed toward right side wall and strong right-handed secondary flow occurs in the postoperative proximal arch in which curvature and torsion increased. In addition, the maximal value of wall shear stress in the postoperative aorta is higher than that in the normal aorta, and the maximal wall shear stress region is shifted from the outside to the right side of the proximal arch. (KEY WORDS): Arterial Switch Operation, Thoracic Aorta, Hemodynamics, Numerical Simulation


Serious illness or accident can occur at any age. The Realities of Advanced Medical Interventions presentation supports good decision-making -presented in easy-to-understand layperson's terms. Realities is a conversation starter to help you prepare to talk to your family, friends, and your medical providers, to express your end-of-life care wishes that align with your goals, values, and personal beliefs.


Objective To study the relationship of basal core promoter(BCP) and precore mutations of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and the lamivudine resistance during the baseline treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods Twenty-six CHB cases resistant to lamivudine(resistant group) and 16 cases without resistance(sensitive group) were included.HBV genotypes were determined by nested PCR using multi-pair primers.Mutations in polymerase,basal core promoter and precore were analyzed by direct sequencing of PCR products.Results No rt204/180 mutation was detected in all samples.Frequent point mutations of the HBV BCP/Pre-C regions were found in the sensitive group at positions C1799G(43.75%),T1802C(18.75%),G1838A(25.00%),A1846C(37.50%),C1856T(31.25%) and G1888A(25.00%) while there were no mutations at these points in the resistant group(P0.05).Although there were no significant differences(P0.05),the following point mutations were higher in the resistant group than in the sensitive group:A1762T-(38.48% vs 68.75%),G1764A(26.92% vs 50.00%) and G1896A(19.23% vs 18.75%).ConclusionsPoint mutations of the HBV BCP/Pre-C regions at positions C1799G,T1802C,G1838A,A1846C,C1856T and G1888A may serve as predictors for long-term lamivudine treatment.


5586 Background: Chemoradiation (CRT) is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer but survival is poor among women with large tumours, advanced stage, or positive nodes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) prior to CRT to down-stage tumours and lengthen the exposure to systemic treatment is designed to improve outcome.

METHODS
Patients (pts) with locally advanced cervical cancer received dose-dense carboplatin (AUC2) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) weekly, for 6 cycles, followed by CRT (external and brachytherapy) in week 7 with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2). The primary end-point was complete and partial response rate (RR) 12 weeks post CRT. Secondary objectives were RR for NACT at 6 weeks, toxicity and survival. The target RRs were 50% and 85% for NACT and post CRT (12-weeks) respectively.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were: median age at diagnosis 43 yrs (23-71); 74% squamous-, 20% adeno- and 6% adenosquamous carcinomas; FIGO stage IB2 (11%), II (50%), III (33%), IV (6%). The trial closed in Oct 08 with 46 pts. Of the first 36 pts enrolled 9 failed to complete protocol therapy (7 did not complete 6 NACT cycles, 2 did not complete the pre-specified minimum of 4 cycles of concomitant cisplatin). Using data currently available, the RR associated with NACT is 72% (95% CI 53-86%), and 81% at 12 weeks (95% CI 63-92%). Nonhaematological grade 3/4 toxicity was rare (<5%). There was grade 2 alopecia in 25% pts. Grade 3 and 4 haematological toxicity was seen in 10% and <3% of pts respectively. Updated results, including survival, will be presented for all pts.

CONCLUSIONS
Dose-dense weekly NACT chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by radical CRT is associated with a high response rate and is feasible. This approach merits further investigation in a phase III trial. [Table: see text].


In 2006, Zackery Lystedt, age 13, was a star football player. He was so talented that he played on both the offensive and defensive sides for his Washington state school's football team. During a game, he was injured when his head hit the ground hard after being tackled by a member of the opposing team. After the impact, Zackery fell to the ground, grabbing his helmet as if he were in pain. He sat out for 15 minutes to "shake it off," and then his coaches allowed him to return to play. Later in that same game, he suffered another hit, which resulted in a brain hemorrhage. The removal of both sides of his cranium was necessary. For more than three months, Zackery drifted in and out of a coma, while his loved ones and doctors feared he would not make it.


Emerging industries are not rare elements in the economy; rather, they constitute a permanent feature in constantly developing and changing economic environments. However, the emergence of new industries is rarely painless or particularly straightforward processes; actors involved in these processes are confronted with uncertainties of which some are exclusive to emerging industries. A distinctive example of these processes was the emergence of the internet industry in Sweden and the agglomeration of internet firms in central Stockholm. Through three levels of uncertainty: (1) the newness of the technology introduced to the public and the emerging markets; (2) the process of developing new markets and approaching new customers and (3) the renegotiating of pre-existing structures and flexible ways of organizing work and labour, this article argues that agglomerations or local urban milieus play a crucial role to actors (internet entrepreneurs) coping with uncertainty. Agglomerations or urban milieus compose a necessary infrastructure for (1) negotiating industrial legitimacy, and thus establishing structures and procedures in the emerging industry; (2) discovering market opportunities and (3) informal relations necessary in making flexible labour markets efficient.


The exact measurement of multiphase flow is an important and essential task in the oil and petrochemical related industries. Several methods have already been proposed in this field. In the existing methods, flow rate measurement depends on the fluid flow pattern. Flow pattern recognition requiring calibration has created instability in such systems. In this paper, a imple and reliable method is proposed which is based on ultrasonic tomography. It is free from calibration and instability problems that existing methods have. The obtained data from a 32-digit array of ultrasonic sensors have been used and the two-phase flow rate including liquid and gas phases have been calculated through a simple algebraic algorithm. Simulation results show that while applying this method the measurement technique is independent from the fluid flow pattern and the system error is decreased. For the proposed algorithm, the average amount of the spatial imaging error (SIE) for a bubble at different positions inside the pipe is about 5%.


Thanks to antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a controllable chronic disease, and many infected patients are now living into their 60s and beyond. In addition, many patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection are over age 50. The subsequent rising prevalence of HIV infection in older adults presents several challenges for primary care clinicians. This article promotes increased HIV screening in older adults and highlights the need to recognize polypharmacy and the various comorbidities inherent in the aging HIV population. Today, more than 50% of all HIV-infected people in the United States are over age 50.


In order to improve the discharge flows of a combined sluice-pump station project at estuary,that is,concentration,drift and reflux of the mainstream and increase of transverse velocity in outer river channel,a trapezoid type low ridge in the downstream apron of the stilling basin is proposed.Based on hydraulic model tests on the combined sluice-pump station project,the flow regime,velocity distribution,non-uniform coefficient of characteristic velocity and the maximum transverse velocity in the outer channel through the sluice gate with or without regulation measures are observed and compared.The test results show that the trapezoid type low ridge in the apron will make the non-uniform coefficient of the velocity at the entrance to the outer channel of 4.5-4.9 become 0.3-1.4,and the transverse velocity in the river greatly decreases.The observed range of the maximum transverse velocity is between 0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s.The significant decrease of the non-uniform coefficient and the maximum transverse velocity may improve the effect of the combined sluice-pump station project at estuary on its navigation safety.The proposed project is a kind of simple and effective engineering measure.


In the present studies, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium triflate (LiTf) based polymer-salt complexes (PEO)25:LiCF3SO3 have been prepared added with different wt.% of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI triflate or EMITf). A gradual enhancement in room temperature electrical conductivity (up to~3×10-4 S cm-1) has been observed with respect to the addition of ionic liquid (from 0 to 40 wt.%). On further addition of ionic liquid, the electrolyte films were found to be dimensionally unstable. The electrochemical potential window has been substantially enhanced (from 2.4 to 3.0 V), when 40 wt.% of ionic liquid is added. The electrical and electrochemical properties show that the polymer electrolyte is suitable for the electrochemical device applications. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based all solid-state electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have been fabricated and characterized using the optimized ionic liquid based polymer electrolyte. The performance characteristics of the EDLCs have been evaluated by impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetric studies.


As a result of NLFM signal is most concern for its lower inherent range sidelobe,which makes weighting processing not required and mismatch loss avoided.A hardware system configuration and software design method of NLFM signal based on DDS are introduced in this paper,which generates NLFM signals by the control of DDS device AD9854 with polygonal line approaching.The experimental result proves that the method meets the design demands.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Erhuang Powder on cervical microenvironment of CINⅠwith human papillomavirurus(HPV) infection.Methods: A total of 100 cases with CINⅠwith HPV persistent infection were entered in the randomized group study: Erhuang Powder group and observation group(no any therapy,control group).Each group included 50 cases.The treatment outcome was evaluated.Results: The total effective rates of CINⅠwith HPV were 85.4%,60.4% and 40.0%,20.0% in 3,6 and 9 month,which were that higher than those in control group with significant difference(P 0.05,P 0.01).Conclusion: Erhuang Powder can be used for treatment of CINⅠwtih HPV infection effectively.


The methods of even distribution and typical sampling survey of whole group were introduced to investigate the damage to bamboo(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.Pubescens) due to mites in Nan-ping, Fujian.Results indicated that these damages might seriously reduce the weight of bamboo pole and the production capacity of bamboo shoot.So,the prediction models were built up to estimate the damage due to mites.And that the economic damage threshold and the control criterion of mites were also dedicated in this paper.


R v Manchester City Council, ex parte Stennett, R v Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council, ex parte Armstrong, R v Harrow London Borough Council, ex parte Cobham [2002] UKHL 34; [2002] 3 W.L.R. 584; [2002] 4 All E.R. 124. House of Lords (13, 14 May, 25 July 2002) Lord Slynn of Hadley, Lord Mackay of Clashfern, Lord Steyn, Lord Hutton and Lord Millett.


Women of color in academia are turning to the Internet to discover shared experiences of marginalization, racism, and sexism that lead to practical advice, personal edification, and especially, professional triumph. Connections among women scholars of color through online social media sites involve collapses in traditional boundaries among the personal and professional, the acceptable and taboo, and the private and public. The convergence of separate components of identity into a holistic self that is communicated online has generated a different model for the academic mentoring of women of color. We posit that online social network sites confer mentoring for women of color in academia in significant, understudied, and overlooked ways. For a study involving women of color online, Facebook is an ideal social network. African American and Latinos are more likely to use social networking sites than whites (Pew Research Center, 2012). Women are more likely than men to use Facebook and spend greater time there (Duggan & Brenner, 2013). Incorporating Facebook into our study of virtual lives often on the margins of academia provides insight into how computer-mediated social communication has transformed mentorship.


In this paper, we present an advanced load balancing algorithm for Evolved Packet System utilizing different radio interfaces. By using the fact that Evolved Packet Core can support, in addition to LTE also multiple other packet data technologies, such as WLAN, we can utilize this additional dimension for benefit of load balancing for future mobile broadband networks. The main goal of the algorithm is to minimize the number of unsatisfied users in the network and thus load balancing algorithm is only active if those are present. We show a significant performance boost in network resource utilization and average data rate per user when employing the algorithm.


The conditions of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate on bamboo flame retardant were optimized. The drug loading rate,oxygen index as evaluation index,based on the single factor experiment,using Box-Behnken central composite design and response surface analysis,using sodium silicate and sodium aluminate mixing impregnation ratio,impregnation temperature and soaking time optimal conditions were optimized. The preparation of flame retardant bamboo products,the optimum impregnation ratio was 1: 3,temperature was 90 ℃,dipping,dipping time was 4 h,under this condition,the prepared bamboo goods loading rate was 5. 08 %,oxygen index was 39. 68 %,and the single factor experiments compared economically more reasonable. Under the optimized conditions,the prepared bamboo products drug-loading rate and oxygen index were in good conformity with the prediction results,so according to the response surface method principle,the related factors experimental design optimization is feasible.


OBJECTIVES: To assess clinical outcomes and identify risk factors for mortality in older adults with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB).


The precautionary recommendations for the H1N1 (swine) flu in persons with lupus currently are not different from those for the general public, according to the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA). However, because persons with lupus often are at increased risk for infections, especially if they are taking immunosuppressive agents, they should be particularly vigilant about taking the generally recommended precautions.


The medical centrifuge is mainly used for the separation, purification and preparation of blood, and is the basic equipment in medicine and biology research fields. The speed, response time and anti-interference of centrifuge have great influence on experimental results and disease diagnosis. In order to solve the slow response and poor dynamic performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor in medical centrifuge. In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive fractional ORDER PID control system is designed by combining fractional order control theory with fuzzy control theory. Fractional order PID control system aims to improve the control accuracy of permanent magnet synchronous motor system, and fuzzy control realizes the online tuning of fractional order PID parameters. Finally, traditional PID, fractional-order PID and fuzzy adaptive PID control systems are selected for simulation experiments. The experimental comparison results show that the fuzzy adaptive fractional-order PID controller has fast response speed, strong anti-interference ability, good dynamic and static performance, and strong robustness.


Introduction Gallinaceous birds lay eggs in sequences of varying lengths a t more or less regular intervals. The term "sequence," as used, refers to the total eggs laid on successive days; i t is sometimes called a clutch. The frequency of sequences is designated as rhythm of lay. Successive eggs usually are laid an hour or two later each day. This time interval is known a5 the lag. Ovulation occurs the day before oviposition, and usually quite early in the day. Approximately 24 to 26 hours elapse from the time the ovum is released until i t is oviposited. Time of ovulation apparently is not controlled by time of oviposition. Warren and Scott (1935) effected a premature expulsion of the egg from the uterus with no resultant change in time of the next ovulation. However, time of ovulation can influence time of oviposition. When Fraps (1942) induced ovulation three to six hours prematurely, the next egg in the sequence was laid prematurely by the same amount of time. The influence of hormones from exogenous sources on the release of the ovulation-inducing, or luteinizing hormone (LH) by the chicken has been studied by several investigators. Fraps et al. (1942) induced premature ovulation by injection with gonadotropins. The average interval between injection and the resulting ovulation of the follicle was 7.5 hours, with a range of 6.5 to 8.5 hours. Rothchild and Fraps (1949), working with hypophysectomized birds, observed that the interval between release of LH and ovulation was the same for all follicles of a given sequence. They interpreted this to mean that successively later hours at which ovulation occurs within a clutch are due to successively later releases of the ovulating hormones. Hosoda et al. (1956) reported that i t was possible to force ovulation in fasting hens by daily treatment with gonadotropins. After seven to eight days of starvation, during which time White Leghorns were injected daily with 0.1 or 0.5 mg. of LH preparation, ovulation could be induced. The time between injection and ovulation was approximately eight hours. Larger doses did not stimulate ovulation of immature follicles. The time required for progesterone to induce initial follicle ovulation falls within very narrow limits, according to Fraps (1955). He found that


As a collaborative and interactive tool,learning forum is an important integral part of the virtual education.On the basis of the currents of the learning forum,this paper expounds the process of the design and development of a better learning forum in using ASP technology,ADO technology,and ACCESS database technology at the example of photography forum.So we can change the current unfrequented situation of learning forum and make a truly useful tool for the learners in network education.


This paper proposes a generalized two-channel position-based bilateral controller architecture parameterized with a complementary sensitivity function. With this theoretical framework, we formalize a control architecture that simplifies and extends the controllers commonly employed in industrial applications. Furthermore, we propose a control architecture that divides the transfer matrices to allow multiple sensors for feedback controllers. This method allows us to use sensors such as encoders and accelerometers to enhance disturbance suppression performance while minimizing input oscillations small.


Introduction Prices of medicines have increasingly come under payer and societal scrutiny in many countries around the world. As the price-setting process is quite untransparent, the concept of cost-based pricing has been brought forward as an alternative method to inform reimbursement decision-making. A Real-Option rate of Return (ROroR) approach, was recently proposed as a method for a multi-stakeholder driven collaborative investment model. This study showed that there are public-private medicine development opportunities that could lead to lower research and development (R&D) costs for products with a challenging business model. The aim of the current study is to assess the practical use of the ROroR approach and highlight its sensitivity regarding input parameters. Methods The ROroR approach incorporates medicine-specific parameters: R&D costs, the number of patients treated per year, the time horizon for recouping the investments set by the stakeholders, the production costs and a predefined profit margin. Three hypothetical case-studies were selected for the ROroR analysis comprising of an orphan, oncology, and a more regular medicine. Parameter input data was derived from the available literature. Cost-based prices were calculated based on applying the ROroR equation under a constant profit margin. Ultimately, the corresponding prices of the case-studies were analyzed for their sensitivity using ten changes of the original value. Results The ROroR approach was most sensitive to the length of the time horizon and the number of patients treated per year. The largest sensitivity was found for the oncological drug, with an asymmetric price change ranging from -25 percent to +271 percent if varying the time horizon or number of patients. The profit margin, and total R&D costs have the least effect on the price: +/-4 percent and +/-45 percent, respectively. Conclusions This study shows that cost-based pricing is highly beneficial in uncovering pricing-underlying business or economic mechanisms and suggesting a transparent price. Further research is needed on implementing public-private development models and cost-based price determination using the core parameters.


Linda Balabanian, Abdullah R. Chaudhary and Adam G. Hendricks (McGill University, Canada) The cell relies on an intricate system of molecular highways and motors to transport proteins, organelles and other vesicular cargoes to their proper locations. Microtubules, long filaments that form a network throughout the cell, act as highways. The motor proteins kinesin and dynein associate with cargoes and transport them along microtubules. Rather than simply acting as passive tracks, microtubules contain signals that regulate kinesin and dynein to target cargoes to specific locations in the cell. These signals include the organization of the microtubule network, chemical modifications that alter the microtubule surface properties and mechanics, and microtubuleassociated proteins that modulate the motility of motor proteins and microtubule polymerization.


Geography and vision gathers reworkings of book chapters and lectures from Denis Cosgrove's time at Royal Holloway and UCLA, framed by an introductory essay and a final chapter on 'Seeing the Equator'. Cosgrove extends his longstanding concern for the geographies shaped by and shaping graphic images, revisiting earlier reference points such as the work of Ruskin, and covering new urban, European, American and Pacific topics. In his introduction Cosgrove restates the importance of landscape, map and vision, and argues for the graphic and pictorial against prevailing nonrepresentational winds. The diagnosis of 'strained relations between geography and the pictorial image' notes 'the disappearance of the map in much social and cultural geography and an often uncritical approach to the actual use of pictorial images as illustrations' (p. 4). Geography and vision sets itself as countering such trends. Cosgrove presents the book as a set of essays, reflecting in his introduction on the essay form, and the chapters are grouped as reflections on cosmological visions, European landscape visions, American landscape visions, John Ruskin, cartographic visions, and metageographic visions (the Pacific and the Equator). It is perhaps appropriate, given the author's concern for and pursuit of form, to term most of these essays 'classic Cosgrove'. The essay on the Arcadian idea, for example, moves smoothly across European and American sources from the ancient to the contemporary to show the complexities of mapping Arcadia. The two essays on Ruskin are especially interesting, reprising concerns first set out in Cosgrove's Geographical Review article on Ruskin in 1979, and exploring the geographies of Ruskin's landscape vision, including his relationship to Oxford. Cosgrove reflects upon the nurturing of his own perspective on things, with affinities between Ruskin's morphological eye and the geographical education he received at Oxford in the mid 1960s, and Ruskin as one who 'strongly shaped my own geographical imagination as a young academic' (p. 11). These essays suggest the extent to which these ways of 'seeing and engaging with the world' (p. 134) shaped Cosgrove's work throughout his career. From reading Geography and vision, as indeed from reading some of the obituaries produced after Cosgrove's untimely death, the Marxian ideas which helped bring Cosgrove to prominence within cultural geography seem to retreat to a faint background, though the concern for the relation of images and political power remains. Cosgrove's consistent interest in the visionary, in overview and prospect, have led some to consider his work as removed from the everyday and down to earth, and he certainly did not shy from the esoteric. My first encounter was as an undergraduate hearing him guest lecture in 1984 on magic and the origins of geography, and the audience was left bewildered if intrigued at this novel eruption into the undergraduate classroom. The readiness to pursue the esoteric and not shy from its qualities, while at the same time writing with clarity and cultural geographies 2009 16: 135–143


Coppice beech forests in BiH covers an area of 351,000 ha which is about 13 % of the total area of forests and forest land. Production capacity under these forest habitats are not fully utilized and it is necessary silvicultural operations to improve their condition. This work investigates the structural characteristics of the habitat and coppice beech forest before and after thinning the example Musići tree coppice forests at the site near Sarajevo. The 60 year coppice beech forest were set up two experimental plots on which they are carried out in two ways thinning: selective thinning and selective thinning with cuting residual trees from stump. Habitat and structural characteristics have a decisive importance in choosing the way of translation tree coppice forests in the form of higher breeding. Thinning need to accommodate the situation in which the tree coppice forests located. Selective thinning with cuting residual trees in the lower tree floor should be given a basis for future measures in the care coppice beech.