The Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) is a program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Technology Development. BWID supports the applied research, development, demonstration, testing, and evaluation of a suite of advanced technologies that together form a comprehensive remediation system for the effective and efficient remediation of buried waste. The FY-95 effort will fund 24 technologies in five areas of buried waste site remediation: site characterization, waste characterization, retrieval, treatment, and containment/stabilization. Ten of these technologies will take part in the integrated field demonstration that will take place at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) facilities in the summer of 1995. This document is the basic operational planning document for deployment of all BWID projects funded in FY-95. Discussed in this document are the BWID preparations for the INEL integrated field demonstration, INEL research and development (R&D) demonstrations, non-INEL R&D demonstrations, and office research and technical review meetings. Each project will have a test plan detailing the specific procedures, objectives, and tasks of the test. Therefore, information that is specific to testing each technology is intentionally limited in this document.


The paper considers the possibility of using integer single-error-correcting (SEC) codes instead of the Internet checksum (IC). It is shown that such a replacement can be easily carried out, since the integer SEC codes are a generalization of the IC.


Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) is a camera-based approach for the remote extraction of the blood volume pulse (BVP) most commonly applied to facial video recordings. The major challenges of this promising technique are the low amplitude of BVP signals and their superposition with artifacts as well as physiological and non-physiological movement induced distortions. We addressed this complexity with a 3D convolutional neural network, which we called DeepPerfusion, to improve BVP extraction from iPPG. Our approach is based on the idea of enabling DeepPerfusion to learn the extraction of the BVP from videos by understanding their relation to the ground truth signals. First results show that DeepPer-fusion outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms for remote BVP extraction demonstrating a mean absolute error of 0.66 beats per minute (up to 60 % improvement) regarding the BVP based pulse rate estimation for 21 randomly chosen held out test subjects of the UBFC dataset.


High-dimensional data streams pose challenges to traditional clustering algorithm, due to their inherent sparsity and data tend to cluster in different subspaces of the entire feature space. In this paper, we resolve the subspace clustering problem by mining correlated-clusters, in which selected features are correlated with each other. Moreover, taking data evolution in data streams into account, we propose methods to mine correlations of features incrementally and adaptively. At each time tick t, according to our proposed multiple regression measurement, we cluster the newly arrived data sample to one of correlated-clusters whose local correlations fit to the data sample and also update the local correlations adaptively, based on an incremental principal component analysis technology. The results of experiments on high-dimensional synthetic data and real data demonstrate that our methods can achieve higher accuracy of query than related work and perform much more efficiently. Additionally, our proposed methods are able to forecast missing values in streaming data successfully.


There is consensus in development circles today that promoting democracy at the local level holds the key to reducing poverty, improving service provision and successfully undertaking other initiatives that fall under the general rubric of development. This is due to eventual realisation that the interventions that have been made over time in the name of development have not translated into much improvement in the livelihoods of ordinary people.


This paper evaluates the desirability of PPP rules vis‐a‐vis fixed exchange rates both in terms of welfare and stability properties. The analysis is conducted within a small open‐economy New Keynesian framework extended to include a cost channel. In terms of stability, we find that while the equilibrium is always unique under fixed exchange rates its uniqueness critically depends upon the presence/absence of the cost channel under a PPP rule. Overall, then, in terms of welfare a fixed exchange rate always outperforms a PPP rule.


This paper presents a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for powering implantable biomedical devices; the system is configured to achieve high efficiency even with CMOS switches and printed-circuit-board pattern coils and to maintain constant output voltage against coupling and loading variations without any additional blocks. It is shown that the parallel-resonant transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) topology is advantageous for high efficiency even with lossy but compact components. In addition, the output voltage of the topology is insensitive to coupling and/or loading variations if the operating frequency is automatically adjusted according to coupling variations. A parallel-resonant class-D oscillator TX is developed to track the optimum operating frequency for the constant output voltage. The operating distance for the constant output voltage is also extended using a novel resonator structure, which contains two resonating coils. These proposed schemes allow a compact, efficient, and robust wireless power system. Maximum power of 174 mW can be transmitted with 63% overall efficiency.


Terahertz (THz) light has been used to inspect semiconductor devices, security, biological tissues, and other applications. THz light with low photon energy allows nondestructive and non-invasive probes to be used for these inspections without influencing the molecular structure and electronic properties. THz time-domain spectroscopy (THzTDS) has been used widely as a sensitive and accurate method to observe THz spectra. This method has already been applied to two-dimensional THz imaging [1] and time-of-flight THz tomography [2] as an inspection tool. To realize THz imaging as a practical tool, the acquisition speed of THz imaging systems must be increased by two to three orders of magnitude, as suggested in the 2017 THz science and technology roadmap [3]. In this study, we demonstrate the high-speed measurement of THz waveforms to improve the acquisition speed of THz imaging. First, we develop a laser system to generate intense THz pulses with a repetition rate of 100 kHz. Second, we construct a system for high-speed measurement of THz waveforms with the measurement time of 10 ms. To achieve high-speed THz waveform measurement for practical use, we develop a compact system to generate intense and short THz pulses with high-repetition rate. Intense THz pulses allow us to measure samples with high absorbance into depth. The short THz pulses allow us to measure the thickness of thin films with high resolution. To generate intense THz pulses, optical rectification in an LiNbO3 (LN) crystal pumped by near-IR light with a tilted pulse front is commonly used [4]. Calculations suggest that near-IR pump light with a pulse width of around 350 fs (transform limited: TL) is best for effective THz light generation in this method [5]. Then, we develop a Yb-doped fiber laser system to generate pump light with a repetition rate of 100 kHz, a pulse width of 320 fs, and a pulse energy of 28 μJ, as shown in Fig. 1. To avoid enhancing the amplified spontaneous emission in the fibers, we divide the amplification process into six stages. The output light from the Yb fiber amplifier is introduced into the small-tip device (16 × 20 mm) proposed in our previous paper [6]. In the conventional method, the pump pulse front is tilted by a diffraction grating and imaged onto an LN prism to obtain an intense THz output. Our device uses a "contact grating setup" in which the diffraction grating is placed in contact with the input surface of the LN substrate, thereby downsizing the THz light source drastically. Figure 2(a) shows the THz waveform obtained from the contact-grating device pumped by a parallel beam of 4 mm in diameter and 13 μJ. The peak electric field is around 1 kV/cm. The Fourier-transformed spectrum (Fig. 2(b)) shows a peak frequency of 0.6 THz and a bandwidth of 1.5 THz. The slow acquisition speed in THz-TDS is due to scanning the optical delay line to obtain the temporal profile of the electric field, as shown Fig. 2(a). To overcome this problem, we place a retroreflector on a speaker diaphragm vibrating at 50 Hz to scan the optical delay quickly (Fig. 3). We can measure a single waveform with a scanning time range of 15 ps (Fig. 2(a)) by a measurement time of 10 ms, which is 10 times shorter than the time required in the conventional method using the stepping scan. The 100 kHz laser system provides 1,000 data points during 10 ms, and therefore, the time interval between the data points is 15 fs. As described above, we realize a high-speed measurement system for THz waveforms with intense THz light. In the near future, we will realize high-speed THz imaging by using the system presented herein.


................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 3 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 1: Experiences of the Social Science Curriculum in a South African Higher Education Institution: A Personal Account ................................................................................................. 9 1.


Dear Kode Vicious, Where I work we use a mixture of C++ code, Python, and shell scripts in our product. I always have a hard time trying to figure out when it's appropriate to use which for a certain job. Do you code in only assembler and C, or is this a problem for you as well?


Spectral analysis of monthly means sea surface temperature, salinity (1978-1986) and air temperature (1971-1986) shows the effe,cts of air-sea interface and advective processes on the sea surface variabilities. The annual and six monthly components are manifestation of air-sea inter- face and advective processes, respectively. The annu\il cycle is a major con- tributor to the total variance. Changes in sea surface temperature almost foll,ow those of air temperature. The reversal of the wind regime in the Red Sea and the associated current pattern seems to play an important role in the surface variabilities. Variations in surface salinity follows a different pattern from those of sea surface and air temperatures. It is suspected that water from Jeddah Desalination Plant may have some effect on salinity var- iations.


The complex‐valued first‐arrival traveltime can be used to describe the properties of both velocity and attenuation as seismic waves propagate in attenuative elastic media. The real part of the complex‐valued traveltime corresponds to phase arrival and the imaginary part is associated with the amplitude decay due to energy absorption. The eikonal equation for attenuative vertical transversely isotropic media discretized with rectangular grids has been proven effective and precise to calculate the complex‐valued traveltime, but less accurate and efficient for irregular models. By using the perturbation method, the complex‐valued eikonal equation can be decomposed into two real‐valued equations, namely the zeroth‐ and first‐order traveltime governing equations. Here, we first present the topography‐dependent zeroth‐ and first‐order governing equations for attenuative VTI media, which are obtained by using the coordinate transformation from the Cartesian coordinates to the curvilinear coordinates. Then, we apply the Lax–Friedrichs sweeping method for solving the topography‐dependent traveltime governing equations in order to approximate the viscosity solutions, namely the real and imaginary parts of the complex‐valued traveltime. Several numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed scheme is efficient and accurate in calculating the complex‐valued P‐wave first‐arrival traveltime in attenuative VTI media with an irregular surface.


(57) Abstract: The present invention includes a AAV vector containing the foreign DNA, (a) is present in cis or (b) trans, relates to a system containing a rep68 / 78 sequences of AAV expressing delayed. The invention further relates to the use for the production of AAV vectors of such systems.


Introduction After kidney transplant, patient infection with human herpesvirus (HH-8) and Kaposi Sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) is known to cause aggressive tumors and severe non-neoplastic complications. KSHV with triple visceral localizations is an unusual form of post transplant Kaposi. No consensus exists on the appropriate treatment of this form of Kaposi Sarcoma. Case report This is a report of a 43-year-old man, who presented with dissemined KSHV and a history of renal transplant. He was transplanted on January 2011,he received Prednisone, Tacrolimus and Micofenolat. Ten months later, he developed a gingival and palatine hypertrophy and skin lesions. The diagnosis of KS was confirmed with pathological evaluations of skin biopsy specimen. Immunosuppression was switched by Sirolimus. We observed a complete regression of both skin and palatine lesions during 4 years. October 2016, he developed triple visceral involvement (one liver,one lung, one pancreas with right leg lymphoedema) while receiving Sirolimus and Prednisone. Visceral disease responded with reduction of immunosuppression and the introduce of chemotherapy with preserved graft function. Conclusion The converting to Sirolimus did not avoid the appearance of visceral localizations of KHSV. This proves that the evolution of KSHV is unpredictable. However,reducing immunossuppression and introducing the chemotherapy was successful in our patient.


The dependence of the vibration characteristics of gas turbine engines on the rotor speeds becomes highly complicated in engines with two and three rotors, both because of the simultaneous dynamic action of the multiple rotors and the ambiguous relationships between their speeds. In this paper, the gas turbine engine is analyzed in the context of the theory of non-linear oscillation — as a complex system comprising a large number of non-linear elements and multiple periodical forces of different frequencies (defined by the rotor speeds). This paper presents results, which indicate that the level of vibration can obtain critical values at certain relationships between the rotor speeds. As a practical application of this phenomena it is shown that the number of three-spool engines returns from the aircraft to the engine manufacturer, due to different kinds of malfunctions, for example due to activation of the "intensified vibration" alarm, may be approximately three times that of returns of analogous two-rotor engines.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Section heading: Soul. Reference: Lotze R H, 1885 Microcosmus, T and T Clark, Edinburgh. Notes: Brackets represent another translation: [42] There can hardly be anything which (is perhaps no subject) a woman's intellect (mind) could not grasp (understand) but a real deal in which (there are a very many ways) women could never take an interest (learn to be interested). Though it is continuously (often) said that man's understanding seeks the particular yet, in numerous cases the woman's power of particularising will be found the less (very many we should find it is just the individualising power of women which is [?]; however, the apportionment of the business of the understanding would not accord with the egoistic efforts assigned to the male will and with thee subordination to the general assigned to woman's self [?] [46] ... to the female mind (soul of a woman) truth has quite a different meaning (does not mean the same thing) to the male (it does to a man's) mind. To women everything is true which is justified by the rational significance with which it ( a capacity of fitting in harmoniously to the rest of the) Back of card - References in different pen and script size interwoven. Black fine-line pen in larger script size: adapts to the whole of the rest of the world and its conditions it is of less consequence whether it is at the same time real. They are therefore inclined not to be sure to lying but to pretence and it does not matter to them whether anything which has become valued by them contributes to the desired pretence - also followed up in another respect would reflect a thing which is just what it appears to be .... predilection for a surrogate.... predominance of natural judgement over scientific analysis. Blue felt-tip pen: world considered as a whole with all its system of relations: they do not care about being all a reality. Hence they are inclined making a fan show and if something presents the appearance they desire in some connection which they regard as important they care [?] whether or not if women prove on investigation to be something which has any right to present that [?] To wish to seem what is not, is indeed a failure common to all humanity, but a man is accustomed to [?], at any rate in the foods which he possesses [?] and genuineness among women, on the evenness there is a widespread predilection for [?] Notes, appearing as a list: men. women. generality. completeness. analyse. enjoy synthesis. natural law > value. reality > value. e.g. Characteristic of masculine thought is the deep conviction that all which is great and most beautiful in the world has its mechanical conditions and [43] that no vessel which is premature and which evades this.


A number of experiments were performed to localize the oligosaccharide units on type I procollagen secreted by matrix-free chick embryo tendon cells. The results of mammalian collagenase digestion of [3H]glucosa- mine-labeled procollagen, lectin affinity chromatogra- phy of [3H]tyrosine-labeled propeptides, and bacterial collagenase digestion of [3H]glucosamine- or [3H]man- nose-labeled pro-al and pro-a2 chains indicated that the COOH-terminal propeptides contain the majority (if not all) of the oligosaccharide units in the propeptide domains. Analysis of sugar-labeled pro-al and pro-a2 chains by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DEAE-cellulose chromatography suggested that the pro-a2 chain may contain more man- nose than the pro-al chain. Subsequent pronase diges- tion of isolated [3H]mannose-labeled COOH-terminal propeptides from purified pro-al and pro-a2 yielded only a single glycopeptide fraction from each with an approximate M, = 2000 to 2200. These glycopeptides were resistant to cleavage by endo+-N-acetylglucosa- minidase D, but were susceptible to endo+N-acetyl- glucosaminidase H yielding oligosaccharide units of approximate Mr = 1400 to 1500. Alkaline-borohydride hydrolysis of the pronase-derived glycopeptides yielded oligosaccharide units of approximate M, = 1600 to 1700 from each pro-a chain. Taken collectively, these results indicate that each COOH-terminal propeptide in type I procollagen con- tains a single type of '%igh mannose" oligosaccharide unit consisting of approximately eight to nine mono- saccharides.


The nuclear contents of MPEG-7 and the main technology of information retrieval for multimedia are studied.In addition,the paper gives out some discussion about information retrieval for multimedia with MPEG-7.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from chronic inflammation, tissue injury, and aberrant repair processes in the respiratory airways. Acute viral and/or bacterial infections cause acute exacerbations. Rhinovirus (RV) infection is the most common viral cause of acute exacerbations in COPD, accounting for approximately 60% of viral acute exacerbations (1). Secondary bacterial infections frequently follow viral infection, resulting in more severe clinical illness with a greater reduction in FEV1 over FVC and greater length of hospitalization (2). In this issue of the Journal, Finney and colleagues (pp. 1496–1507) provide an important advance by demonstrating that a type A human RV (HRV) infection, HRV16, impairs phagocytosis of two important pathogens in COPD: nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3). The HRV-associated phagocytic defect was demonstrated for both bacteria in the case of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but only for NTHi in the case of alveolar macrophages (AMs). Of note, the authors were able to demonstrate viral uptake by AMs challenged ex vivo, with cytoplasmic localization of virions. The phagocytic defect was reprised with a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) and was a delayed response, requiring approximately 6 hours of HRV incubation. The authors also showed that HRV16 decreased proinflammatory cytokines in COPD MDMs challenged with NTHi. MDMs and AMs from subjects with COPD showed reduced phagocytosis to NTHi and S. pneumoniae (in the absence of HRV challenge) as compared with those obtained from healthy donors, and the degree of AM phagocytosis was correlated with MDM phagocytosis and with FEV1% predicted for both pathogens. Other models of the interaction between HRV and macrophages are of potential interest. HRV also induces replication-independent activation of TLR2 in mouse macrophages with production of proinflammatory cytokines (4). Conversely, HRV1B reduces CXCL8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) production in response to NTHi, with reduced bacterial clearance and prolonged neutrophilic inflammation in mouse lungs (5). In this case, replication-independent viral responses induce degradation of IRAK-1 (IL-1 receptor–associated kinase 1), a key adaptor required for MyD88-dependent TLR signaling, inducing tolerance to bacterial stimuli in AMs. The data add to the range of viral infections that have been shown to alter macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria, including influenza A virus (6) and HIV-1 infection (7). Whether HRV can replicate in macrophages has been a subject of controversy. Viable virus was detected in MDMs, but only in one in a thousand cells (8). Detection of viable HRV16 in AMs infected ex vivo dropped to almost zero within 48 hours (9). In contrast, HRV16 RNA has been detected up to 10 days after infection of AMs. In the study by Finney and colleagues, a TLR3 agonist also inhibited phagocytosis, suggesting that a delayed pattern recognition receptor–mediated response could mediate the defect. Although cytoplasmic localization was described, it is of interest that there was no nuclear localization; therefore, the virologic mechanisms remain incompletely defined. In addition, the basis for a selective effect on COPD macrophages but not healthy macrophages is unclear. The authors previously described a systemic macrophage phagocytic COPD defect inMDMswhose development is independent of the unique environment of the COPD lung (10). This is in contrast to other reports that suggested phagocytic defects for NTHi in AMs, but not in MDMs (11). The authors suggest that this discrepancy may be ascribed to differences in the use of colony factors in MDM cultures. However, differences among assays are also likely to contribute, with some measuring uptake of heat-killed unopsonized bacteria (3, 10) and others measuring uptake of live bacteria with or without opsonization (11, 12). Although most studies have reported reduced S. pneumoniae ingestion (3, 10, 12), Berenson and colleagues did not describe impaired phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae in AMs; however, to counteract autolysis in bacterial cultures, the authors elected to study bacteria in stationary rather than mid-log phase growth (13). Of note, Berenson and colleagues assessed phagocytosis by AMs as the percentage of cells ingesting bacteria, rather than a measure of total bacterial uptake in the population. Because most studies have shown that only a subset of macrophages in culture ingest bacteria, this suggests that it may be the level of ingestion by this population that changes rather than the spectrum of cells within a quite heterogeneous population of cells that ingest bacteria. Collectively, these studies suggest that there is a systemic phagocytic defect of bacteria (but not inert particles such as latex beads) compounded by environmental influences, including HRV infection. Finney and colleagues also found that in patients with mild to moderate COPD, results obtained with MDMs correlated with the degree of AM deficit. The validity of using MDMs to study AMs has long been debated. Recent lineage-tracing experiments suggest that in mice, AMs are derived from embryonic hematopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver and maintained in steady state independently of blood monocytes (14). This emphasizes the importance of validating MDM findings in AMs, as Finney and her team have done. However, the origin of AM populations in the human lung during COPD is still debated. Moreover, the This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). For commercial usage and reprints, please contact Diane Gern (firstname.lastname@example.com).


A total of 177 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from early-stage Moroccan Picholine green olive fermentation, including Lactobacillus plantarum (44.63%), Lactobacillus pentosus (25.99%), Lactobacillus brevis (9.61%) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (19.77%). All the isolates were screened for their tolerance to olive leaf extract and oleuropein. Most of the isolates (85.3%) were found able to degrade oleuropein, when evaluated by either oleuropein or 5-Bromo- 4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-glucuronide (X-Gluc) as substrates. The biodegradation capacity of the selected strains of each species was confirmed by HPLC analysis.


Introduction: Towards Principled Access and Operations in Aquaculture Part 1: Aquaculture Law and Policy at the Millennium: Global Trends and Challenges 1. Global Trends in Aquaculture Development 2. Global Challenges in the Regulation of Aquaculture Part 2: Canadian Experience and Challenges in Aquaculture Law and Policy 3. Canadian Aquaculture and the Principles of Sustainable Development: Gauging the Law and Policy Tides and Charting a Course 4. A Principled Approach to Property Rights in Canadian Aquaculture 5. Conflict Prevention and Management: Designing Effective Dispute Resolution Strategies for Aquaculture Siting and Operations 6. Mariculture and Canadian Maritime Law Jurisdiction: An Unexplored Relationship? 7 . The Taxation of Aquaculture in Canada: Policy Implications of the Agricultural Model Part 3: Aboriginal Title and Rights in Aquaculture 8. Aboriginal Title and Aquaculture 9. Aquaculture Law and Policy in Canada and the Duty to Consult with Aboriginal Peoples 10. The Duty to Consult: The Mi'kmaq Perspective 11. Indigenous Rights: Implications for Aquaculture Part 4: International Trade Dimensions in Aquaculture 12. Aquaculture and the Multilateral Trade Regime: Issues of Seafood Safety, Labelling and the Environment 13. The Impact of European Union Trade Relations on Coastal Communities in Scandinavia: The Case of Salmon Farming Exports from the Faroes and Norway 14. Transgenic Fish: Some Canadian Regulatory Issues Part Five: Comparative National Legal Approaches in Aquaculture 15. Development of a US EEZ Operational Framework for Aquaculture 16. Australian Aquaculture: Opportunities and Challenges 17. New Zealand Mariculture: Unfairly Challenged? Conclusion: 'Towards Principled Access and Operations' Sustainable Aquaculture Law and Policy Needs


Alternative electoral formulas for a segmented population - which force reduction of the segmentation in politics - are studied by means of simulation.The results, obtained for a large variety in t...


Efficient access to 8H-isoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8-ones and phthalazino[2,3-a]cinnoline-8,13-diones through cyclic amide-directed Ru(II)/Ir(III)-catalyzed C–H bond activation, has been developed. Consecutive C–H bond activation, carbene insertion, and condensation annulation processes were realized, affording 8H-isoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8-one and phthalazino[2,3-a]cinnoline-8,13-dione derivatives in good-to-excellent yields under mild conditions, with H2O and N2 being generated as the only byproducts.


This paper presents harmonic-balance techniques for the analysis and synthesis of coupled-oscillator systems. Compared to previous works, a realistic calculation of the system solution is carried out, using accurate models of the linear and nonlinear elements and taking into account the influence of harmonic terms. Good harmonic-balance convergence is enabled by the system symmetry. The techniques allow an accurate determination of the oscillator elements and tuning voltages in order to achieve a particular phase distribution. Different operation modes are studied and compared. Unforced operation is initially considered. Then, single and double injection from an external synchronization source is analyzed. The instability phenomena delimiting the maximum achievable phase shift are studied through pole-zero identification and bifurcation-detection techniques. Phase noise is calculated through the carrier modulation and conversion-matrix approaches. For validation, an array of four oscillators, operating at 5 GHz has been designed and implemented with very good experimental results.


The way for insertion of steel industry in industry 4.0 is is being built and maintenance
sector can benefit from this moment by raising its service level. Talking about the two
issues, makes us wonder what future strategies might look like and how technology might
improve the management methods currently applied. The course completion work was
make through a case study in the maintenance sector of a steel industry in Minas Gerais.
The steel industry went through a standardization just like the other units belonging to
the same group. It was verified what would be the benefits of industry 4.0 in the methods
adopted in the unit. A data processing model has been developed that enters demands
for maintenance by creating meanings. With rules definition, the model performs tests
comparing the information obtained from the sensors of the machines. The model was
applied by creating rules for a material transport problem. The defect, in this case meaning,
was overload. Its implementation has potential to increase the reliability of maintenance.
The construction of meaning for machine parameter changes supports the decision and
optimizes the maintenance recourse that will make vital interventions for operational
continuity.


The lithic industry of the Lower Corbones river, afluent of the Guadalquivir, is characterized by being made principally in quarcite, raw material which composes the practical totality of the load of the deposits. Amongst the tools, the bifaces and couteaux a dos naturel have technical particularities which characterized them, permit us to hypothysize on their use in the first, and revindicate the normative type in the second.


Main goal of antihypertensive therapy is reduction of blood pressure to the recommended level. Combined therapy with ACE inhibitor and diuretic has been shown to provide greater efficacy in lowering blood pressure than achieved with either agent individually. Such efficient fixed combination of diuretic and ACE inhibitor is Noliprel A, which is a first line drug in contemporary management of arterial hypertension.


Attackers on the Internet often launch network intrusions through compromised hosts, called stepping-stones, in order to reduce the chance of being detected. In a stepping-stone attack, an attacker uses a chain of hosts on the Internet as relay machines and remotely login these hosts using tools such as SSH. An effective method to detect stepping-stone intrusion is to estimate the length of a connection chain. In this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm to detect stepping-stone intrusion by mining network traffic using the k-Means clustering algorithm. Our proposed detection algorithm does not require a large number of TCP packets to be captured and processed. The length of a connection chain can be accurately determined by using our proposed detection method. Our proposed detection algorithm is more efficient and easier to implement than all of the existing connection-chain based approaches for stepping-stone intrusion detection. The effectiveness and correctness of our proposed detection algorithm are verified through well-designed network experiments.


ABSTRACT Universities and scholars around the world teach and research extensively in the field of peace education; yet, despite a plethora of diverse scholarship, educational programs are often critiqued as dominated by the English-speaking world. This paper employs the intersecting lenses of decolonization and postcolonial theory to explore and challenge the perceived dominance of Western literature and practice. Using a criss-crossing comparison method, English and Korean literatures are compared to ascertain the extent of Western-centricity within Korean higher education peace studies, and to offer a critical discussion of liberal peacebuilding, and linear problem-solving models within the literatures. Counter-arguments and policy recommendations are considered. The paper concludes that for peace education to fulfill its mission, global educational decolonization movements need to be strengthened. It is argued that efforts toward decolonization of Korean peace education could support the global movement toward a more socially just peace education for the twenty-first century.


In spite of burgeoning literature on international courts, produced by legal scholars and political scientists, the central question remains unanswered: by what means do international courts shape international law through case law? The problem is, overwhelmingly, methodological. In this contribution, we examine the causes for the cautious stance of legal scholars towards tools and methods of social network analysis for studying case law. We map and critically examine the emerging field of case citation networks through the lens of legal scholarship. We show how these tools can successfully be integrated into legal studies of international case law, acceptable to legal scholars, as well as technically feasible.


Abstract
 This paper presents descriptions and illustrations for two new species of Gentianaceae, Tripterospermum maculatum from Sichuan Province (China) and T. tanatorajanense from Sulawesi (Indonesia). Based on literature search, Tripterospermum maculatum is morphologically close to T. pingbianense and T. lanceolatum, and T. tanatorajanense resembles T. luzonense and T. alutaceifolium. To test if the new species differ from their morphologically most similar species, we measured various traits on herbarium specimens and performed a principal component analysis (PCA). This analysis showed that the new species differ from similar species in gross morphology for several diagnostic traits. Tripterospermum maculatum differs from T. pingbianense and T. lanceolatum by having calyx lobes longer than calyx tubes, a whitish-yellow corolla maculated with purple dots, and a gynophore shorter than the ovary. Tripterospermum tanatorajanense is distinct from T. luzonense by having a narrowly winged calyx. It differs from T. alutaceifolium and T. luzonense by having a shorter ovary and a slightly longer gynophore. A key including all species of Tripterospermum is provided.


We have developed a novel method to measure the absolute gain patterns of radar antennas that have elongated shapes such as marine, airborne, and coastal radars. This method requires an inexpensive and simple apparatus consisting of a turntable, a probe antenna, and a vector network analyzer. In addition, the measurement using this method can be done in high speed (a few minutes) at short distance (a few meters) and yields the antenna absolute gain pattern in the horizontal plane within 0.4 dB error at the peak and about 2 dB error at the 1st sidelobe level. The simulations and the measurements using an antenna for a S-band marine radar have demonstrated the usefulness of the method.


Open‐cast coal mining eliminates vegetation, alters physical and chemical characteristics of soils, and therefore limits the establishment of native vegetation by lack of sufficient moisture, increase bulk density, and low organic matter content. Restoration of extremely degraded areas through plantation of fast growing species is expected to accelerate the recovers of soil organic matter and nutrient cycles. The purposes of this study were to compare intrasystem cycling of C, N, P, and base cations in native and restored forests at an open‐cast coal mine in a dry region of Colombia. Leaf‐fall, standing leaf litter, and their N, P, Ca, Mg, and K contents were measured for 1 year in native forests and restored forests of various ages (7, 10, and 21 years). The exploitation of coal in La Guajira degraded soil fertility, and although tree planting was sufficient to achieve the partial recovery of soil chemistry and N cycling relative to reference conditions (i.e., native forest), a P deficiency in forest function remained unresolved even 21 years after restoration. The restoration of biogeochemical processes, particularly of critical processes of the P cycle, requires additional human interventions (such as the application of nutrient‐rich litterfall from native forests of the region) that favor nutrient dynamics and lead to the recovery of a self‐sustaining ecosystem. Thus, multiple efforts are needed for the restoration of these dryland forests to recover ecosystem services (such as soil fertility) that improve C sequestration and help mitigate climate change.


This study was to provide a lesson in revitalization of the hilly and mountainous area in Korea from the analysis of Miyazaki, Ayacho that was considered as a success case in Japan. As results of the analysis, the first factor for the success in the revitalization of Miyazaki, Ayacho in Japan was th...


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine children's performed joy in their everyday peer relations in early childhood education (ECE) settings. The theoretical and methodological frameworks draw on a narrative approach, the postmodern formulations of emotions and Erwin Goffman's dramaturgical perspectives in children's everyday social relations. The research material was gathered by video observations and diary notes in open ECE groups in Finland, with children from 2 to 6 years. The findings imply that children's joyful performances act as a dynamic practice in their peer relations. Joy as a practice both generates the emotion of joy and promotes different relational goals, such as making friends.


In 1966, British artist, designer and educator Simon Nicholson (1934–1990) offered a lower division course, Design 12, at the College of Environmental Design, UC Berkeley. Controversially, Nicholson promoted play as the principal method of design and invited children to assess students' projects on the Berkeley campus and in local schools, parks, playgrounds and hospitals. This article presents Design 12 as an important example of environmental design pedagogy in the USA, which uniquely attempted to synthesize British post-war constructivism with 'design science' and adventure play. The result was a course that placed play at the centre of design pedagogy, where it could combine intuition with systems building to promote 'involved science' and co-construction.


With the European Union's (EU's) RoHS directives coming into force in July 2006 for consumer electronics products, the transition to lead-free (Pb-free) solder has occurred at a rapid pace. This push has driven many OEM suppliers/manufacturers to adopt Pb-free solder and End of Life many of their conventional Tin-Lead (Sn-Pb) components. This has forced telecom or high reliability applications to adopt Pb-free solder compositions with many reliability anomalies unanswered. While there have been many studies published on long term reliability of Pb-free solder joints at the component level, there have been few studies focused on the time zero reliability of the joints at the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) level. The goal of this study is to help the OEM suppliers and their customers (like service providers) to come up with a common PCBA test methodology that will help identify and weed out early, marginal manufacturing and design defects that would crop up due to transition to the Pb-free solder. A ...


This paper presents the ongoing research on the GPU SVM solutions for classification of big sparse datasets. In particular, after the success of implementation of RBF kernel for sparse matrix formats in previous work we decided to evaluate Chi$^{2}$ and Exponential Chi$^{2}$ kernels. Moreover, the details of GPU solver are pointed. Experimental session summarizes results of GPU SVM classification for different sparse data formats and different SVM kernels and demonstrates that solution for Exponential Chi$^2$ achieves significant accelerations in GPU SVM processing, while the results for Chi$^2$ kernel are very far from satisfactory.


This very brief paper considers the importance of positive social development for gifted children. It stresses the need for these children to interact with true peers, that is others with whom they can interact at an equal level around issues of common interest. Development of leadership skills and self-esteem is seen to be fostered by relationships with true peers, such as students find in special programs for gifted students. Some books are suggested to help the social development of gifted students. (DB) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** 00 .7r Promoting Positive Social Development* Linda Kreger Silverman, Ph.D. Gifted Development Center 1452 Marion Street Denver, Colorado 80218 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement E CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. It has been apparent ever since gifted children were first studied that they tend to select friends who are their mental age rather than their chronological age (Gross, 1989; Hollingworth, 1931; Mann, 1957; O'Shea, 1960; N. Robinson & Noble, 1991; Terman, 1925). Roedell (1985) found that gifted children develop social skills more easily when they have the opportunity to interact with true peers. The term "peer" does not, in essence, mean people of the same age, but refers to individuals who can interact at an equal level around issues of common interest... The more highly gifted a child, the less likely that child is to find developmentally defined, true peers among age-mates... For children whose development is highly uneven, true peers may vary depending on the activity. A child with extraordinary intellectual but average physical skills might have one set of peers for reading and discussing books and another set for riding tricycles and playing tag... Special efforts are needed to help gifted children find companions with similar interests and abilities. Without such efforts, gifted children run the risk of being labeled different and strange by their age-mates. They may internalize these labels and become socially alienated at an early age (Whitmore, 1980)... Gifted children can learn the skills necessary to interact successfully with many different types of children. There is no substitute, however, for the social and cognitive growth that occurs through the interaction of peers of similar developmental stages. (p. 8) With true peers, gifted children can be themselves, laugh at the same jokes, play games at the same level, share the depth of their sensitivity and develop more complex values. There is more opportunity for give and take in relationships on an equal basis. And through interaction with others with similar capabilities, they quickly learn that they cannot be the best at everything or always have their own way. Boys and girls alike are happier and better adjusted when they have opportunities to relate to other gifted children. According to a series of older studies, children choose leaders who are slightly above the average intelligence of their group (Finch & Carroll, 1932; Hollingworth, 1926; McCuen, 2 EST COPY AVAILABLE


This report deals with a rare complication of disc-valve prosthesis in the mitral area. A significant disc poppet and struts destruction of mitral Beall valve prostheses occurred 20 and 17 months after implantation. The resulting valve incompetence in the first case contributed to the death of the patient. The durability of Teflon prosthetic valves appears to be in question and this type of valve probably will be unacceptable if there is an increasing number of disc-valve variance in the future.


To the Editor:— In directing attention to the value of the hyperventilation test in my discussion of Lennox's article on Tridione in the Dec. 15, 1945 issue ofThe Journal, page 1074, it was my intention to establish Rosett's priority for having mentioned this test in 1918. The word Brain's should read Rosett's; the reference is Brain ( 47 :293 [Aug.] 1924). I also directed attention to the previous use of caffeine in the treatment of petit mal seizures by Karger and others.


The focus of this work has been to quantify important processes for climatically relevant aerosols, and to improve our understanding of, and ability to accurately model, aerosols in the atmosphere ...


A connector capable of adjusting the depth of a disc harrow includes a rack (1), wherein the length of the rack (1) is equal to that of the disc harrow; the rack is divided into two parts through a helical structure (2); one part of the rack is provided with an angle displayer (3), folding rod devices (4) and concave connection sleeves (5); the other part is provided with a long casing device (6); and mini type power bars (7) and a wireless transmission module (8) are arranged in the long casing device (6). During use, the rack sleeves two sides of the disc harrow and adjusts the gradient of the disc harrow, a corresponding sensing value is sent to a central control device (9) to be analyzed and be converted into underground depth data, and the underground depth data is displayed in a main control room; and a prompt device (10) is provided and can make a corresponding prompt according to the adjustment state. The connector is simple in structure design, can achieve external connection with the disc harrow, can be operated independently, can achieve intelligent operation and control adjustment, is high in technological content, and can be widely promoted.


Death creates a discontinuity in the lives of survivors. Formerly, family and friends provided social support as the bereaved reconciled the loss and created new identities for themselves. The availability of such support in postmodern society is lessened, making it more likely that the bereaved will turn to commercial service providers for support. Marketers need to prepare employees to provide such support, and assurance is needed that the support will be provided in a sensitive and ethical fashion.


A vibration excitation system has been developed to excite the rotor blades of an axial compressor, in the specified nodal diameter mode and at the specified frequency, by injecting additional compressed air into the compressor flow path. The system was fitted to the Rofanco compressor test bench at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa. A two-way staggered fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model was constructed that was capable of simulating the vibrations of the rotor blades excited by the vibration excitation system. The results of the FSI simulations were verified using available experimental data. It was concluded that the FSI model is able to recreate the vibrations of the rotor blades with sufficient accuracy. The results of the FSI simulations also indicated that the vibration excitation system should be capable of exciting the blades in the selected mode shape and at the selected frequency, provided the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the first bending mode of each rotor blade.


U.S. utilities don't realize that poor asset management is letting potential profits slip away, but National Grid USA's Nick Winser hopes to find gold in them thar wires - America's electricity transmission system.


In the summer musicals take place in the tiny, insular, homogenous culture of girls' non-Orthodox Jewish summer camps in Maine. Each of these summer camps was founded by Jewish women—all early twentieth-century progressive educators—for socioeconomically privileged Jewish girls. Since the early 1900s, girls who attend the summer camps have participated in theatre as a required activity alongside swimming, volleyball, and arts and crafts, so musical theatre shapes their experiences in profound ways. This chapter visits four of these summer camps in the same state where Stephen Sondheim spent many summers at Androscoggin, an all-boys' Jewish summer camp. Over the course of their years at camp, most girls perform in seven musicals and see forty more. In this consciously created community, the excitement, pressure, and camaraderie of musical theatre production creates an even more intense bubble in its midst.


TAROT (Telescope a Action Rapide pour les Objets Transit.oires) is a 25 cm aperture t.elescope able to point. any point of the sky within 3 seconds. Its primary objective is t.he det.ection of t.l1e optical counterpart of Gamma-Ray Bursts, while the source is active. In order to enhance the knowledge of the transient sources and the scientific return of t.he telescope, a routine program is foreseen, with an image taken every minute. Albeit from GRBs, TAROT will respond also to any transient alert from high energy satellit.es or ground instruments. Images will be processed immediately and the position of interesting objects will be sent. to ot.l1er intrument.s for follow-up.


A number of contingencies simulated during dynamic security assessment do not generate unacceptable values of power system state variables, due to their small influence on system operation. Their exclusion from the set of contingencies to be simulated in the security assessment would achieve a significant reduction in computation time. This paper defines a critical contingencies selection method for on-line dynamic security assessment. The selection method results from an off-line dynamical analysis, which covers typical scenarios and also covers various related aspects like frequency, voltage, and angle analyses among others. Indexes measured over these typical scenarios are used to train neural networks, capable of performing on-line estimation of a critical contingencies list according to the system state.


This paper presents advanced spatial focusing algorithms and their performance covering fixed and mobile hotspots (HS) for backhaul within the context of millimeter wave (mmWave) overlay networks. For Fixed HS (FHS), Time Reversal (TR) and Equal Gain Transmission (EGT) techniques are recommended and optimized under Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) deployments within the context of Wi-Fi HS extensions operating at 60 GHz. For Mobile HS (MHS) scenarios, adaptive and switching beamforming (BF) techniques are investigated and evaluated to track HS combining Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) and mmWave transmissions using the IEEE802.11ad and IEEE802.15.3c standards. Link budget are performed for those scenarios, proving feasibility of mmWave and Wi-Fi backhauling for future fifth generation (5G) networks.


And on the support substrate 1 to form an organic EL device 2 and sealing layer 3. The seal layer upper surface 31 in the ink resisting property and printing an ink by an ink jet method or the like to form a colored layer (4). Also couples the after forming the planarization layer (8), the sealing substrate (5). Because they do not form a colored layer (4) to advance the sealing substrate (5) when the supporting substrate (l) and a sealing substrate 5, the bonding it is not necessary to match the precise location. Further, the viewing angle characteristic becomes higher because the narrow between the organic EL element 2 and the colored layer (4). This makes it possible to provide a manufacturing yield is excellent in viewing angle characteristics nopeumyeonseo upper take-out type organic EL display device and a method of manufacturing the same.


AIM
To investigate the levels of selenium (Se) and several cytokines (TNF-alpha, VEGF and IL-1beta) in the serum of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).

METHODS
90 subjects were selected, from KBD areas and non-KBD areas of Lhasa, Tibet. Then they were divided into 3 groups: the group with KBD (30), the control in KBD areas (30), and the control in non-KBD areas (30). There was no obvious difference in sex and age in the three groups. The content of Se in the serum was detected by atomic fluorescent spectrometer and the level of cytokines (TNF-alpha, VEGF and IL-1beta) in the serum were detected by ELISA.

RESULTS
The content of Se in the serum of persons living in the KBD-disease areas were lower than that of persons living in non-KBD disease areas. The levels of TNF-alpha, VEGF and IL-beta in KBD group were higher than those in normal control group (P<0.05). The content of Se had negative correlation with the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-beta in serum.

CONCLUSION
The decrease of Se content and increase of the levels of TNF-alpha, VEGF and IL-1beta may play a role in pathogenesis of KBD.


State-of-the-art field data on working-time requirements in organic pig fattening is in short supply in the literature. In Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon ART's project 'Working-Time Requirement in Pig Production according to the EU Organic Regulation', conducted within the framework of the 'Calculation Bases' work programme of the Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture (KT BL), current practical key figures were determined. These tasks link to Loser and Aubel's project 'Pig production in accordance with the EU Organic Regulation – description of the production process and survey of cost- and performance elements'. In particular, Loser and Aubel's animal housing plans were referred to for the calculation of working-time-requirement values.


There is very little empirical research completed on the connection of rap music and ideology. Similarly, the research on rap and gender or Black Nationalist ideology and gender are also lacking. Research on rap music usually focuses on rap as a form of information exchange or a comparison of rap listeners to supporters of specific ideologies. This paper considers the affect of rap music on the acceptance and support of Black Nationalist ideology while exploring the differences of this acceptance between women and men. With data from the 1993-1994 National Black Politics Study, I show that those who listen to rap and those who do not listen to rap music differ on their support of Black Nationalist ideology. Those who listen to rap are more supportive of Black Nationalist ideology. Among those who listen to rap, men are more supportive of Black Nationalism than women. This support is partially explained by the patriarchal nature of both rap and Black Nationalist ideology as well as the connections between Black Nationalist organizations and rap artists. I also demonstrate through experimentation that political rap increases support of Black Nationalism among Black listeners.


This dissertation explains the construction of the expert system which can manage diagnosis and administration of trouble using circuit diagram through connection between BOM and ability term and makes up for problem which have designed RIMS with name of parts. Also this dissertation explains that existing BOM has no regard organic relation of parts and functional and systematic appearance of the flow of electricity or air. Construction of expert system and "Be enlivened BOM" with flowing electricity and air can solve problems about overlapping parts carrying out other functions with the same name of parts following to simple and physical BOM management and having mistaken trouble of the end caused by basis for trouble of the end.


In this study, the friction and wear properties of the Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair were investigated at high temperatures in air and at 298 K in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair exhibited friction coefficients as low as 0.5 at 298 K and 873 K in air. On the other hand, this tribopair exhibited higher friction coefficients at 573 K than at 298 K and 873 K. It was also found that the friction coefficients of this tribopair were approximately 0.5 in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy disk specimens and their paired Al2O3 ball specimens exhibited the highest specific wear rates at 873 K in air. Oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surfaces of all the disk specimens. Concerning the friction and wear tests at high temperatures in air, the amount of the oxygen-rich phase increased with increasing the testing temperature. In addition, a little larger amount of the oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surface formed at 298 K in water than that formed at 298 K in air.


March of Dimes, the 80-year-old nonprofit organization headquartered in White Plains, New York, that helped develop the polio vaccine and has funded pioneering studies of birth defects, is abruptly scaling back some research grants amid financial struggles. In recent weeks, the group has told 37 of the 42 recipients of its individual investigator awards that it is ending their grants, which average $300,000 over 3 years. Scientists have been caught by surprise and are scrambling to find ways to support graduate students and activities funded by the grants. Kelle Moley, the group9s chief scientific officer, attributes the group9s struggles to declining donations, particularly from the organization9s signature March for Babies.


Abstract Externally physical fields such as stress field, electric field and magnetic field have been demonstrated influence the equilibria and kinetics of solid-state transformations in metals and alloys. This review focuses on the effects of externally physical fields on the aging precipitation of aerospace Al alloys including 2xxx Al-Cu alloys, 7xxx Al-Zn-Mg alloys as well as the advanced Al-Li alloys. While the η' phase in Al-Zn-Mg alloy and the T1 phase in Al-Li alloy showed no obvious stress-orientating effect, the precipitation of θ' phase in Al-Cu alloy showed obvious stress-orientating effect depending on the applied stress direction. Regarding precipitation kinetics, aging under stress field, electric field and magnetic field all can enhance the aging precipitation of aerospace Al alloys. The understanding of the effects of externally physical field on the aging precipitation in Al alloys is very preliminary. It appears that while the stress field acts on the thermally activated transformation, the athermal effect associating with electromigration of electromagnetic field has been considered responsible for the enhanced aging precipitat ion.


Objectives: To study the incidence and technique for repair of lacrimal canalicular laceration at the Royal Medical Services military hospitals in Jordan. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent mono-canalicular or bicanalicular laceration microscopic repair with or without stenting consecutively between May 2003 and March 2014 at Royal Medical Services Military hospitals was conducted. Collected data included: age, gender, cause of injury, time between injury and surgical treatment, affected canaliculus, other adnexal injury, coexisting ocular injury, type of stent used, duration of stenting, anatomical and functional success after removal of stent. Results: Fortyfour patients were included in this study. The mean age was 18.2 years (range 1.563 year). Males represented 88.6% of the patients and females 11.4% with a ratio of 7.8:1. The lower canaliculus was injured in 68.2%, the upper canaliculus in 27.7%, and both upper and lower in 4.5% of cases. Associated ocular injuries were seen in 29.5% of cases. The most common cause of injury was falling down with direct injury to the canaliculus, 47.7%. Mini-Monoka stent was used in 75% and Mono-stent in 25% of cases. Premature stent extrusion was noticed in 18.2% of cases. The stent was removed between 3 and 6 months in 81.8% of cases. All cases had patent lacrimal drainage system after removal of stent. Postoperative epiphora not subjectively annoying to the patient was found in 61.4% of cases. Duration of follow up after stent removal ranged between 3 and 12 months, mean 6.4 months. Conclusion: The study showed that Mono-canalicular stent for canalicular laceration is a suitable alternative to bi-canalicular stent. It is easy to perform, avoids risk of uninvolved canaliculus damage, avoids the nasal manipulation, and has no risk of punctal and canalicular cheese-wiring that lead to upper lacrimal drainage system slitting.


This paper presents an approach for determination othe best cutting parameters leading to minimum su rface roughness andmaximum Material Removal Rate in turni ng operation. A feed forward neural network model isdeveloped exploiting experimental values. The neu ral network model is trained and tested in MATLAB. Multi objectiveGenetic algorithm coupled with neural netw ork is employed to find optimum cutting parameters leading to minimum surfaceroughness and maximum Material Remov al Rate.


Screen lamps veneer for aesthetic configurations translucent obtained by an industrial process stages: 1). A first phase smoothing sanding calibrated to 0.4 mm, 2nd). A first phase stepping varnishing wood tone with synthetic varnish, 3rd). A second phase sanding for polishing and cleaning, 4th). A second phase of varnished with synthetic varnish based polyurethane resin, and finally 5th). A step of applying a polyester film at a temperature of 120-150o C.


In this paper, we present a new fuzzy interpolative reasoning method for sparse fuzzy rule-based systems. The proposed method not only can deal with multiple fuzzy rules interpolation based on polygonal membership functions, but also can overcome the drawbacks of the existing methods. It also guarantees the convexity of fuzzy interpolative reasoning results. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can generate more reasonable fuzzy interpolative reasoning results than the existing methods for sparse fuzzy rule-based systems.


This is a meaningful encounter of a kind which often characterizes Germanic sagas and Old Norse epics. The linguistic exchange is only a breath away from the clash of swords, but no lie, no deception, no verbal manipulation enters the dialogue. The defending warrior receives full information about the men's background, delivered in a speech laden with pathos, aimed at contracting social links. The guard understands the significance of their words and challenges the newcomers to live up to their statements:


Single crystals as well as microcrystalline powders of Cs2NiO2 were obtained via the azide/nitrate route from appropriate mixtures of CsN3, CsNO3 and NiO. The single-crystal structure analysis confirmed that Cs2NiO2 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm (Z = 2, a = 4.4090(3), c = 13.576(3) Å , R1 = 0.036, wR2 = 0.093). Above 45 K, Cs2NiO2 is paramagnetic, and an analysis based on the Curie-Weiss law has resulted in μ = 2.89 μB paramagnetic units, θ = −30.8 K and TN ∼ 20 K. Graphical Abstract Cs2NiO2 Revisited. Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties


Thickness extension oscillation mode was designed according to the piezoelectricity principle of the selected piezoelectric ceramic materials,a series of 1MHz,3MHz,5MHz circular ultrasonic transducer units were prepared with those technologies such as trapped energy,vacuum coating,etc.,and their corresponding impedance matching system,power intelligent signal,etc.were developed too.All the above formed a milliwatt ultrasonic power transfer standard to solve the measurement traceability problem of milliwatt ultrasonic power meters.This standard is economical and practical,its performance is reliable and stable,and it has excellent repeatability.Thus it can solve the measurement traceability problem of milliwatt ultrasonic power meters effectively.


The article presents the results of precision study of the distribution of rare and rare earth elements in various quartz types: magmatic, post-magmatic, hydrothermal, chemogenic, terrigenic-metamorphogenic, pegmatitic. Significant differences in quartz geochemical characteristics were detected, and the main geochemical types of quartz, which correlate with the minerogenesis conditions, were classified (by RE and REE).


Objective: 1) Learn if reflux symptom index (RSI) score correlates with reflux finding score (RFS). 2) Determine if there is a difference in calculating the Reflux Finding Score between experienced laryngologists and novice otolaryngologists. 3) Determine if age, body mass index, sex, or RSI can predict the reflux finding score. Method: A total of 204 healthy subjects, ages 20 to 88 years, underwent a distal chip laryngoscopy and completed a RSI questionnaire. Two otolaryngologists blinded to the subjects' age, sex, BMI, and RSI then calculated the RFS. Data were then collected and used to calculate a relationship between the RSI and RFS. Results: The objective was to determine if we could predict a subject's RFS based on their RSI score. The findings were not significant. The subject's age, BMI, sex, and RSI score were all compared against the RFS score, and no significant correlation was identified. To calculate interrater reliability, the junior otolaryngologist's and laryngologist's scores were compared. To calculate the intrarater reliability, 22 of the 204 subjects' captured images were duplicated and placed into the pool of subjects with a new number to compare if both scores were similar. Conclusion: RSI cannot accurately predict a subject's RFS from a distal chip laryngoscopy in normal healthy subjects. We did not see a correlation between age, sex, or BMI in predicting RFS. Test-retest intrarater reliability for both the experienced laryngologist and novice otolaryngologist were each significant; however, interrater reliability was not significant.


Rather than understanding mediation solely as an attempt at problem solving between two individuals, this article examines the possibility of mediation as a social intervention designed to bring systemic change. If the mediation process is to have broader societal impact, one must address the questions this raises related to the mediator's role and neutrality. This article uses the case study of mediation in Brazil as a basis to launch the discussion.


Here we present a novel stochastic Liouville equation with piecewisely correlated noises, in which the inter-piece correlation is rigorously incorporated by a convolution integral involving functional derivatives. Due to the feature of piecewise correlation, we can perform piecewise ensemble average and serve the average of the preceding interval as the initial condition of the subsequent propagation. This strategy avoids the long-time stochastic average and the statistical errors are saturated at long times. By doing so, we circumvent the intrinsic difficulty of the stochastic simulations caused by the fast increase in the variance of the quantum Brownian motion. Therefore, as demonstrated by the numerical examples, the proposed method enables us to simulate the long-time quantum dissipative dynamics with long memories in the non-perturbative regime.


Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with skeletal muscle (SKM) myopathy in 40–60% of alcohol abusers. Alcohol‐induced myopathies result from decreased muscle protein synthesis and possibly accelerated muscle proteolysis. The contribution of impaired muscle regenerative capacity is unknown. Muscle stem cells, satellite cells (SC), repair and regenerate muscle tissue. The impact of chronic binge alcohol (CBA) on SC function is unknown. We hypothesized that CBA alters SC phenotype impairing their repair and regeneration capacity. To test this hypothesis, SKM was isolated from macaques after 19 mo daily intragastric sucrose‐or alcohol‐administration. SC regenerative potential was assessed by RT‐qPCR analysis of myogenic transcription factor expression (PAX7, MEF2C, MYOD, MYF5, MYOG). CBA significantly decreased MYF5 expression, a key differentiation transcription factor. Additionally, using picrosirius red staining, we found evidence for SKM fibrosis in CBA animals. Collagen Type I, an extracellular matrix protein secreted during fibrosis, inhibits SC differentiation. These results suggest that CBA impairs SC differentiation potential directly though inhibition of differentiation transcription factor expression and indirectly through SKM fibrosis. We speculate this leads to impaired SKM repair and regeneration and thus, the ability to maintain muscle mass. Support: AA09803, AA11290


Results are reported for the conductance anisotropies in single crystals of the layered colossal magnetoresistive manganites. Well below the magnetic ordering temperatures, the zero-field anisotropy increases from \ensuremath{\sim}230 for ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.24}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.76}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ to g10 000 for ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.4}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.6}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7},$ consistent with a c-axis antiferromagnetic ground state in the latter, while the spin-independent conductivity anisotropy only increases from \ensuremath{\sim}230 to \ensuremath{\sim}300. Significant c-axis ferromagnetic fluctuations are seen in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.4}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.6}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7},$ but no evidence is found for the recently reported two-dimensional magnetic ordering transition at higher temperatures. Direct evidence suggests that spin-orbit coupling is weaker than any other possible sources of orbital ordering.


Most existing works in wireless communications assume rich scattering. However, there is growing experimental evidence that physical wireless channels can exhibit a sparse structure. By assuming an asymmetric Doppler power spectral density (PSD), we can model and simulate sparse channels by using a finite sum of weighted complex harmonic functions, also called sum of cisoids (SOC). In this paper, we focus on the analysis of the statistical properties of the instantaneous capacity of sparse SOC-based multipath fading channels under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. The probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the level-crossing rate (LCR), and the average duration of fades (ADF) of the channel capacity are studied. The asymptotic behavior of the capacity is also investigated by providing an approximate solution to the distribution of the outage intervals for low capacity thresholds. Our study shows that the capacity of mobile radio channels behaves in sparse scattering environments completely different from what is known from previous studies assuming rich scattering. However, on average and on specific conditions, the channel capacity behaves like that of the reference (Rayleigh/Rice) model which assumes rich scattering. Finally, the validity of the analytical expressions is checked by computer simulations.


Abstract The Tuns and Opuks shales are essentially kaolinitic with subordinate amounts of quartz, illite, and mixed layer clays. The total clay content of the shales varies from 55 to 92% with an average of 76%. The degree of reactivity in terms of their CEC is low and about 12 m.eq/100 mg on the average. The number of samples was, however, too small to be more useful. The high temperature/pressure assessment of the mud systems has revealed that the barite weighted SynTeq mud is more stable thermally and of better viscosity, gel strength, and load-bearing capacity than the other mud systems investigated. The secondarily viscosified Petrofree has some potential but is of low thermal resistance. It is concluded that the SynTeq mud system is generally a better drilling fluid for rocks in the Niger Delta than either Petrofree or KCL Polymer. The SynTeq is, therefore, recommended for adoption in the oil production company drilling operations. It has been re-emphasized as part of our recommendations that new guidelines for the close monitoring of drilling fluids supplied by mud companies and those actually used in the field (during drilling) be put in place.


The shape, number and distribution of mitochondria were examined during monosporogenesis in Audouinella botryocarpa using fluorescence microscopy and staining with DiOC_6(3) and DASPEI. Mitochondria are variable in shape and range from spherical to ovoid or irregular. There is an increase mitochondria) number during sporogenesis from about 75 to 200, and mitochondria) number is closely correlated with sporangial size (r = 0.90). Mitochondria are evenly distributed in monosporangial initials. At least ten, large mitochondria) complexes occur early in sporangial development, and these are evenly scattered throughout the cell. Subsequently, these complexes decrease and become restricted to the central portion of monosporangia. Just prior to spore release about one half of the mitochondria remain aggregated in this region. Patterns of mitochondria) distribution and abundance likely reflect changes in metabolic demands and in nuclear/cytoplasmic interactions during sporogenesis.


Through numerical experiments we investigate stress localization in granular material with application to plastic-bonded explosives. The results shed light on static versus dynamic loading, and on the role of an interstitial material between grains. Under static loading, we observe stress localization and bridging in a lattice of polydisperse cylinders in two dimensions. Under dynamic loading, we observe a two wave structure with stress fingers propagating ahead of a normal compaction wave. When an interstitial material is added (a polymeric binder), force fluctuations are substantially reduced under both static and dynamic loading. Under dynamic loading, the structure of the stress wave depends upon the material properties of the binder. As the binder stiffness increases, stress fingering decreases and is replaced by a planar compaction wave.


Factitious disorder refers to a pathological behavior in which the patient presents himself with serious complaints and/or symptoms, which he brings about himself. The main feature is that the patient acts consciously but at the same time he is not conscious of the motives of his behavior. This article provides several clinical examples, which make clear that this disorder has to be distinguished from malingering and conversion hysteria, as a separate clinical entity.


Claiming to have established 'a first in parliamentary democracy,' Alberta Premier Peter Lougheed introduced Bill 35, The Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund Act, to the provincial legislature on 14 April, 1976. Much of Lougheed's speech of introduction, and a considerable portion of his subsequent arguments during second and third readings of the bill, concerned the politics of parliamentary accountability. How much discretionary power should be vested in the provincial Executive Council (cabinet), and what legislative checks were being instituted to control AHSTF spending and to contain an undesirable accretion of executive powers? An uncharacteristically defensive Lougheed assured the assembled Conservative and opposition M LAs that the legislature itself would 'in essence, control the tap and hold the purse strings' of the Fund. But does it? Our paper evaluates this promise against the evidence of three years of performance since the passage of Bill 35. How is the Fund currently controlled? What constraints on executive power exist within the present statutory framework? Are the discretionary powers of the provincial cabinet and bureaucracy excessive? Beyond these questions there lies a broader set of issues: what is the real relationship between control of the Fund and the politics of development in Alberta? These are questions of more than parochial or academic interest. The ability of a small group of provincial politicians and civil servants to control the allocation of vast sums of public monies, subject, as we shall see, in practice to little more than an annual post facto legislative review, raises major questions about the politics of democratic accountability in Canada particularly in a province such as Alberta, with its tradition of overwhelming government majorities, tame legislative debate and weak opposition parties. The investment of the Fund, in other words, should not be divorced from the issues of how the investment decisions are made, and by whom. In Alberta, as we shall see, the questions of executive discretion and legislative control have been closely linked to differing conceptions of how the Fund should be invested and how much state intervention in the market place is acceptable. The problems of ministerial accountability and the containment of executive powers in a parliamentary system are complex matters which, at least in political theory, are probably more fundamental in the long run than the vexing allocative and distributive issues raised by


highly horizontal-oriented fi lms caused by CH···N hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in addition to the π−π stacking [ 6 ] of the core skeleton. As clearly indicated by the results of the aforementioned experiments, active manipulation of the weak interactions in optoelectronic devices to enhance the horizontal molecular orientation that leads to high μ e values is an interesting line of research. [ 7 ] However, as far as we know, a combination of intramolecular and intermolecular weak H-bonds has not yet been preliminarily installed in OLED materials. In this investigation, we focused on a 1,3,5-triphenyltriazine (TZ) skeleton, which has a planar molecular confi guration as a result of intramolecular weak H-bonds. [ 8 ] In addition, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the TZ moiety is deeper than that of other azine compounds and results in enhanced electron injection from the cathode metal, thus reducing the operating voltage in an OLED. [ 9–11 ] In this work, we designed TZ-based materials, which we refer to as BPyPTZ derivatives, in which this synergistic effect of intramolecular and intermolecular H-bonds is expected ( Figure 1 ). Consequently, the B3PyPTZ derivative resulted in a highly horizontally oriented fi lm because of the intramolecular and intermolecular H-bonds and was used to fabricate a conventional fac -tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy) 3 ]based OLED with an extremely low operating voltage of 2.11 and 2.88 V at luminances of 1 and 1000 cd m −2 , respectively. Prior to preparing the materials, we conducted density functional theory (DFT) calculations. An optimized structure was calculated at the RB3LYP 6-31G(d) level for the ground state. The single-point energies were calculated at the corresponding RB3LYP 6-311+G(d,p) levels. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations for singlet and triplet energies were performed at the corresponding RB3LYP 6-31G(d) levels. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of BPyPTZ derivatives were estimated to be −6.80 eV for B3PyPTZ and −7.14 eV for B4PyPTZ, which are substantially deeper than the HOMO of conventional ETLs. [ 12 ] The LUMOs are mainly distributed on the TZ moiety (Figure S1, Supporting Information). The corresponding LUMO energies were evaluated to be between −2.56 eV for B3PyPTZ and −2.73 eV for B4PyPTZ, which are also much deeper than that of conventional ETLs, suggesting a better electron-injection property. We also calculated the triplet energy ( E T ) and singlet energy ( E S ) from TD-DFT calculations at the RB3LYP 6-31G(d) level using the aforementioned optimized structure. The E T levels were evaluated to be as high as approximately 2.90 eV, which is applicable in blue and green phosphorescent OLED. The E S levels Simultaneous Manipulation of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in n-Type Organic Semiconductor Layers: Realization of Horizontal Orientation in OLEDs


This article explores what factors contribute to victims' vs. victim advocates' assessments of risk of repeat intimate Partner violence. A sample of 169 court-involved victims and the advocates who conducted intake with them were asked to rate victims' risk of repeat abuse. Significant contributors to victim assessments were her level of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, the batterer's general violence, whether she had been living with the batterer at the time of the offense, and the level of psychological abuse in the relationship. For advocates, significant contributors were the batterer's drug use, whether the batterer and victim had children in common, and the level of physical and psychological abuse in the relationship. Implications of these differences and directions for future study are discussed. Language: en


10-Gb/s/ch frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) radio-over-fiber (RoF) signal generation and free-space transmission in W-band (75–110 GHz) are successfully demonstrated. The FDM quadrature-phaseshift-keying (QPSK) signals with 3 channels are optically generated and transmitted over 30-cm radio link. Digital signal processing with W-band mixer realizes successful demodulation of its FDM radio signal.


The principal objective of this project was to identify genes necessary for biophotolytic hydrogen production in green algae, using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an experimental organism. The main strategy was to isolate mutants that are selectively deficient in hydrogen production and to genetically map, physically isolate, and ultimately sequence the affected genes.


Objective: To investigate the gene expression profile of human lung cancer.Methods: 1280 cancer-related genes were selected from human cDNA library and spotted to the silanated slides.Total RNA from samples were extracted and labeled with fluorescent dye.The labeled probes were hybridized to the microarray and scanned with ScanArray4000 and analyzed by Quantarray3.0.Results: 52 genes associated with lung carcinogenesis were found,which were grouped into transporter,adhesion molecules,cytoskeleton,transcription regulator,genes associated with metabolism,immune response,and EST according to functions. 35 genes were positive to lung carcinogenesis and 17 genes were negative to lung carcinogenesis.Conclusion: The screen of gene expression profile of human lung cancer the can provide valuable information for the research of molecular mechanism of the lung carcinogenesis.


In this letter, a novel and effective algorithm based on Retinex model is proposed for low-light image enhancement, named Blind Adaptive Structure-Preserving Image Enhancement (BASSY). The low-light image enhancement is still a challenging task because the decomposition of images into light components and reflection components is an ill-posed problem. BASSY adopts a content-adaptive guided filtering based on local variances to estimate the proper illumination map. The salient features of the proposed approach are: (1) For the illumination component, the overall structure in the low-light image is preserved and the texture details are smoothed. (2) The reflectance is estimated without logarithmic transformation to reduce the computational burden and to avoid over-smoothing the reflectance component. (3) The adaptive gamma correction for the illumination map is used to reconstruct the enhanced image. (4) BASSY can be implemented efficiently due to the low computation complexity Ο(N). Experimental results on six public datasets show that the enhanced images by the BASSY exhibit higher naturalness and better visual quality than six state-of-the-art methods.


Theoretical interpretations of the, as yet, poorly understood long-range hydrophobic attraction are briefly reviewed. We report long-range hydrophobic attractive forces between silica surfaces made hydrophobic by adsorption of the cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride onto silica surfaces. The effects of dissolved gas, surface approach velocity, and neutron irradiation on the measured interaction have been studied in order to investigate possible non-electrostatic mechanisms for the long-range hydrophobic attraction. At large separations the presence of dissolved gas, neutron irradiation, and reduced approach velocities are, in each case, found to result in a stronger attraction between the hydrophobic surfaces. These results are consistent with mechanisms related to the metastability of the thin aqueous film separating the approaching hydrophobic surfaces.


In this study, we attempt to target the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells using a recombinant anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx). Around 15,000 new case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia are diagnosed each year with a fatality rate of 65%. The poor prognosis rate is due to the high proliferative and quick progressive characteristics of AML. However, most AML patients eventually relapse due to persistence of chemotherapy-resistant blasts in the bone marrow hence the need for alternative approaches employing novel, more selective mechanisms for targeting AML blasts. One such approach consists of targeting the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) pathway in AML cells. LeTx consists of protective antigen (PrAg) and lethal factor (LF). PrAg binds cells, is cleaved by furin, oligomerizes, binds three to four molecules of LF, and undergoes endocytosis, releasing LF into the cytosol. LF cleaves MAPK kinases, inhibiting the MAPK pathway. The MAKP pathway is a conserved pathway between eukaryotes. Through a wide range of extracellular signals, the MAPK pathway regulates growth, proliferation, differentiation and death. Its constitutive activation, particularly the Ras/Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 cascade promotes proliferation and survival of most human cancer cells.


The invention provides a geographic information storage method for mobile equipment and the mobile equipment. The method comprises the steps that address positions are divided into longitude segments and latitude segments; zones corresponding to the longitude segments and the latitude segments are determined, so that a zone longitude table comprising the zones corresponding to the longitude segments and a zone latitude table comprising the zones corresponding to the latitude segments are generated; according to the geography shapes of the zones, longitude-latitude information tables are established for the zones; the zone longitude table, the zone latitude table and the longitude-latitude information tables of the zones are stored in the mobile equipment. When the geographic information is stored, the information structure of the geographic information can be simplified, so that data size contained in the geographic information is lowered, and accordingly the geographic information can be stored in the existing mobile equipment.


The present study tested the relationship between teacher-rated engagement and academic outcomes for three groups of at-risk Latino American students-Nicaraguan-born, Cuban-born, and US-born-when controlling for demographic variables and problem behaviors. Teachers and school records provided information about 248 Latino American students (including 37 Cuban-born, 87 Nicaraguan-born, and 124 US-born) in Grades 7-10 who attended nonprofit state funded Alternative Schools (in Miami, Florida) conducted by the Cuban American National Council. Two regression analyses, one with overall GPA and the other with teacher-rated achievement as the criterion, were run for each Latino subgroup. These analyses revealed engagement as a significant predictor of both outcome measures, overall GPA and teacher-rated achievement, controlling for teacher-rated problem behaviors and demographics. The only exception-the overall model was not significant for Cuban-born students with overall GPA as criterion-was likely an artifact of this group's small sample size. Findings are discussed with respect to the implications of the engagement construct for teachers and researchers.


on Current Research in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. The editors' aim is to publish long articles reporting research in the forensic field, theoretical contributions and reviews of the litera ture. The current volume contains nine contribu tions concerned with the characteristics of aggres sive and psychopathic offenders and their manage ment. The first chapter is a review by Prentley on the biochemical and endocrinological correlates of sexual aggression, with special reference to psycho pathy and the episodic dyscontrol syndrome. Although a short section on the premenstrual syndrome is inadequate, the review as a whole (with 13 pages of references up to 1983) is a valuable resuméof current knowledge. Widom & Newman describe a replication of Widom's earlier study of non-institutionalised "¿ psychopaths― based on a newspaper advertisement soliciting replies from "¿ adventurous,carefree people who've led exciting impulsive lives―. Applying four diagnostic criteria to their sample they find some agreement among these, but the study again highlights the difficulty in identifying psychopathy as a clinical entity. This is illustrated also by Gudjunsson & Roberts' chapter on the psychological and physiological charac teristics of personality-disordered patients in the Henderson Hospital. These patients had a poor self concept and constant pre-occupations of guilt; Cleckley's classical description of the psychopath as lacking in anxiety, affect and guilt was not supported by their findings. Mullen & Maack present an excellent review of pathological jealousy andits distinction fromthenormal, andreport some preliminary results of their study of 138 patients admitted to the Maudsley Hospital between 1967 and 1980. In 52 of their cases jealousy and its manifestation occurred without any underlying psychiatric disorder, which suggests that present classificatory systems may be inadequate. The degree of violence demonstrated in their series underlines the dangerousness of morbid jealousy to thesufferer andtothelovedone,butrarely tothe rival. Gallwey reviews the psychoanalytic concept of borderline states and describes two models of personality structure liable to psychotic episodes and aggression; both personality types are familiar in forensic practice. The remaining contributions are concerned with the management of dangerous offenders in various settings. Hepworth examines the way in which Mental Health Review Tribunals reach their decisions at Rampton Hospital. Carney & Garside describe a secure unit at Shenley and question the need for Regional Secure Units. However, they do not admit mentally abnormal offenders directly to their unit. Roesch & Golding provide an important review of the American experience of deinstitu tionalising psychiatric patients as a result of legislative reforms. They conclude that deinstitu tionalisation has resulted in †̃¿ †̃¿ reinstitutionalisation for many and no treatment for most―,and call for a systematic evaluation of the effects. Finally Buchan & Sparling present a survey of 134 mentally abnormal homicides in Zimbabwe. They suggest that psychiatric care could have prevented many of these episodes and that the emphasis in third world countries should be on developing primary psychiatric care rather than secure units. Because of the variety of topics the book will be of interest to a wide readership. To the present reviewer, the high lights are the chapters on pathological jealousy and on the impact of deinstitutionalisation. The latter is of special interest to those of us concerned about the closure of mental hospitals.


Various definitions have been defined for the word "interoperability"; in general however, "interoperability" is a property through which the systems and organizations can communicate and cooperate. In e-government domain to establish "interoperability" among the organizations, using a suitable "interoperability" framework is inevitable. Numerous frameworks have been proposed in e-government interoperability domain. Selecting a suitable interoperability framework as a reference from among the existing interoperability frameworks in e-government domain is a major challenge of great importance. This paper aims at investigating the present frameworks of interoperability in e-government domain and identifying a reference interoperability framework for this domain. The results of this study show that all the existing interoperability frameworks in the e - government domain have some drawbacks. Defining a comprehensive framework of interoperability in e-government domain is therefore inevitable. different components. In this study, different definitions of interoperability are given first; then the reference frameworks of interoperability in e-government area are introduced and the successful experiences of the pioneering countries in the area of interoperability are considered. Thereafter the important determinants employed in any of the introduced interoperability frameworks are investigated and compared and ultimately, the important achievements of this study will be discussed in the conclusion section.


I appreciate the comments written by Dr. Heuser regarding our case report [1] and the accompanying editorial insightfully written by Dr. Palacios [2], both supplementing our original discussion. I agree with Dr. Heuser that in a case of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation where an acute increase in left ventricular preload is the main hemodynamic insult, the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump becomes less than an ideal device for hemodynamic support in this scenario; since although decreases the left ventricular afterload, it provides no great reduction in the left ventricular preload. Moreover, in the specific case of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation where obstructive coronary artery disease is the underlying mechanism of mitral valve papillary muscle dysfunction, the acute increase in left ventricular preload further decrease the diastolic cavitary-coronary pressure gradient that assures physiologic diastolic coronary perfusion, worsening the blood flow in this compromised coronary vascular bed and hence, amplifying the ischemic insult in the affected ventricular territory, worsening the left ventricular function and potentially the degree of mitral regurgitation. With this dire hemodynamics is unlikely that an intra-aortic balloon pump will assist in improving the coronary blood flow without actively decreasing the left ventricular preload, considering that this mechanical device only marginally improves regional coronary blood flow in patients with a physiologic preload as elegantly demonstrated by Dr. Heuser [3]. In contrast, new percutaneous left ventricular assist devices such as the Impella 2.5, which can be placed rapidly using a standard retrograde approach and that aim to actively support and unload the left ventricle are best suited for cases of acute increase in the left ventricular preload such as acute mitral regurgitation, both to support a percutaneous intervention if appropriate or as a bridge to mitral valve surgery when necessary. I hope that our case report, in addition to the excellent comments provided by Dr. Palacios and Dr. Heuser in the Journal regarding our manuscript will serve to refresh the pathophysiology of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation and assist our colleagues in making the best decision for their patients when faced with a similar situation.


We have investigated optical read-out of uncoated polymer micrometer-sized cantilever sensors by self-mixing interference in VCSELs for single-molecule gas sensing. A resolution ∼0.2 nm is measured, which is much better than current methods.


The Book of .Jubilees (IV-17-22) makes references to several writings of Enoch of manifold character. Enoch 1) constructed a calendar (V-I7) ;2) wrote a testimony (V-IS) for the generations of the children of men (V-19; cf. 1 En. LXXXI-6: "and testify to them"; XCII: and the future generations) ; 3) saw a dream in which the history of mankind was unfolded to him in the form of a parable: V. 19; the expression "and he understood everything" implies a parable ;-4) recorded his journeys through heaven and earth (V.21); -5) rebuked the watchers (V22). These scetions are marked off in the Book of Enoch by fitting headings: I) LXXII: "The book of the courses of the luminaries": 2) XCII-I: "written . . doctrine of wisdom;" 3) LXXXIII-I: "I will show thee all my visions"; 4) rrhe journey section is introduced by ch. XX where the angels, according to their functions, are enumerated; 5) XIV-I: this is the word of righteousness and reprimand of watchers. rrhe correspondence between the account in Jubilees and Enoch is very close. 1,2,3 are interrelated in .Jubilees: calendar, testimony, and dream vision seem to constitute one continuous whole. The same is true of Enoch: there is an unbroken connection throughout the latter part of the book running from LXXIX-l ("and now, my son, I have shown thee everything") to the end. It would however, be rash to assume that Jubilees had before him the book of Enoch in its present form. rr~he differences between the ideas embodied in Jubilees and those of our book exclude the possibility that the writings referred to in Jubilees are identical with our book. In .Jubilees the angels are sent