For many years, railways used signalling 95% for safety and 5% for operations or management; today, the proportions of these two uses are roughly equal. Railway signalling is now being integrated, not only electronically but also in terms of railway control and management. Safety still plays a central part in the future of railway management, so that positive help must be given to train drivers. Signal box staff have various devices to prevent them from making errors, but control of traction as well as signalling has not yet been applied very often. Visual display units have begun to supersede the large geographical control panels of major signal boxes. For a long time, US railways have been turning their signal boxes into control centres, which contribute to managing railways by centralised train control (CTC). Some form of management centre is needed to turn signalling into a tool for managing a railway system; for example, Railtrack intends to create six to eight such centres for the whole UK rail network. Such centres can operate the track effectively and efficiently, and integrate operational functions. Many countries have automatic train protection (ATP) systems, which help train drivers. There is a good future for systems like the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), with which ATP must be interoperable.


We present recent results from high-resolution spectroscopy of bright transiting and non-transiting hot Jupiters, including preliminary results for the day-side of HD 209458 b. Using the CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph at the VLT, we have detected unambiguous signals of carbon monoxide in the planetary atmospheres through the use of novel data analysis techniques. The method has proven successful for both transmission spectroscopy of HD 209458 b [4], day-side spectroscopy of HD 189733 b [3] and day-side spectroscopy of the non-transiting planet Tau Bootis b [1]. Furthermore, the non-transiting planet 51 Pegasi b shows a promising combined signal from CO and H2O [2]. These detections can also provide the absolute planet mass, orbital velocity, inclination, and information about the temperature-pressure profile of the planetary atmosphere.


Clinicopathological studies and flow cytometric analyses were performed for 62 cases of odontogenic keratocyst obtained from the file of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry between 1984 and 1998. The Patients ranged in age from 12 to 74 years, and the peak incidence was in the third decade. The male: female ratio was 1.5: 1. Cysts were most frequently found in the third molar region, including the ramus. Most cysts were found incidentally on radiographic examination and appeared as unilocular, smooth bordered, radiolucent lesions. Most lesions were less than 4cm in diameter. Impacted teeth were found in 24 of 70 cysts, and 18.6% of the cysts were associated with root resorption of neighboring teeth. When classified according to the keratin type of the cyst-wall epithelium, most cysts were type II (58.5%).Flow cytometric analysis was performed for lining epithelial cells isolated from paraffin embedded specimens. Nuclear staining was done with Ki-67 antibody. The Ki-67 antigen labeling rate of odontogenic keratocysts was significantly higher (7.9±5.7%) than that of radicular cysts (2.9±1.3%). The number of cysts with a high Ki-67 antigen labeling rate was higher in type III than in the other three groups. We found a significant correlation between the Ki-67 antigen labeling rate on flow cytometry and the Ki-67 antigen positive cell rate on immunohistochemical examination. An advantage of flow cytometric analysis is that it can precisely enumerate proliferating cells of odontogenic keratocysts.


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Objective: This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of mothers' parenting stress on the relationship between their self-differentiation and the tendency of addiction to social media. Methods: The participants in this study were two hundred and eight mothers with children aged 36 months or younger. Data were analyzed statistically using frequency, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of the present study are as follows. First, the mothers' self-differentiation was negatively associated with their parenting stress and social media addiction tendency. Second, both the total scores of the mothers' parenting stress and their distress were found to partially mediate the relationship between their self-differentiation and social media addiction tendency. However, the mothers' daily stress did not mediate the relationship between the variables. Conclusion/Implications: The findings of the current study have implications for developing ways of intervening in mothers' social media addiction tendency by reducing their parenting stress, particularly for mothers with low levels of self-differentiation.


Load models represent the behaviour of a device or an aggregation of devices, and can be modelled as an induction motor (IM) and an impedance (Z), that could represent, respectively, dynamic and static loads. The article's goal is to correctly estimate the model's parameters, impacting on simulations of voltage and transitory stability. The problem in estimating load model's parameters is the need of measurements taken during disturbances (short circuit, faults, etc.), which are not frequent. For this paper, the measurements were obtained during a tap change, which is more frequent and makes the application easier. The model's outputs and real measurements are compared and the parameters are adjusted until the behaviours are close enough. The estimation process was applied to an initial set of parameters, converging in 5 iterations. The whole process took 2 seconds on a PC Core i7. The algorithm, created in Python, was efficient identifying parameters of a Z-IM load model, resulting in an output's behaviour close to the observed in real systems.


Between January and October 2017 I was artist in residence at The Centre of Philosophy and Visual Arts, Kings College London, and attended a series of lectures lead by Dr John Callanan followed by a two-month period making art at Kunsthuis SYB, Netherlands. Yes we Kant! was the title for the resulting series of artworks which were influenced by the study of Immanuel Kant's 'Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.'

Building on my existing interest in what could be termed philosophically invested art and artistically invested philosophy, these were particularly stimulated by the fertile paradoxes in the deeper weave of Kant's rigorous account of the human creature's innate aptitude for a good will (an aptitude that I link to what I term 'artist substance') in correspondence to an ultimately unknowable Moral Law, paradoxes which, for the artist-reader, reveal the philosopher's rare aptitude for imaginative thought-form (echoed later in elements of 'The Critique of Judgement').

The final works for exhibition at Kunsthuis re-contextualise the archetypal modus operandi of the artist - painting - as a critical form of thinking in its own right and the painter as a critical form of agency. Side stepping the actual use of paint, I produced intricate drawings on large stretches of canvas and canvas aprons which reference out dated modes of making by hand in order to suggest a capacity in the human being to become 'ontologically carved' as a result of practices of engagement with the world, a process of expression which is nonetheless totally invisible and 'out of our hands.' These works are accompanied by 'unused' paintbrushes which I term 'will sticks' to make a correlation between artist substance, ethical imagination and Kant's notion of the good will.

I created an associated performance lecture, Kant Paint, Won't Paint!, which was presented at the exhibition opening.

Agnes Winter wrote about these works (and those of fellow resident artist Siobhan Tatton) for the gallery's website in an essay 'The Craft of Thinking.' Diagram on Behalf of Artist Substance I was later shown again at (Jan-Feb 2018) at a group show, 'Art and Philosophy - CPVA Resident Artists' curated by the Centre for Philosophy and Visual Art at, The Arcade Gallery, Kings College London) along with a new work on canvas, The Robe of the Guardians.


The purpose of this paper is to describe three techniques that are useful for the investigation of monotone sets and multifunctions, and give two applications of them. The three techniques use the "fg–theorem", the "big convexification" of a subset of E × E∗ or a multifunction E 7→ 2E (we suppose throughout that E is a nontrivial real Banach space with dual E∗), and the "convex function associated with a multifunction E 7→ 2E". The applications that we shall give will be the derivation of various criteria for monotone subset of E × E∗ to be maximal monotone in the special case where E is reflexive, and a slight generalization of Rockafellar's theorem on the maximal monotonicity of the sum of maximal monotone multifunctions on a reflexive space. Remark 27 at the end of the paper contains pointers to much stronger results that can be proved using these techniques. We use a combination of the one–dimensional Hahn–Banach theorem, the Banach– Alaoglu theorem and a minimax theorem to establish the fg–theorem, Theorem 3. Though monotonicity is not mentioned in it, the fg–theorem is, in fact, an abstraction of results on monotonicity that appeared in our paper [11]. Thus this result is a bridge between functional analysis and monotonicity. The big convexification of a subset G of E × E∗ is a way of embedding G in a large convex set in such a way that monotone sets can be characterized by a different kind of inequality. The details of this are given in the "pqr–lemma", Lemma 4. We will give the definition of the convex function χS associated with the multifunction S in Definition 21. In Lemma 7, we use the fg–theorem to obtain an equivalence valid for any nonempty subset of E × E∗ when E is reflexive. We apply this equivalence to prove in Theorem 13 that if M is a monotone subset of E × E∗ then


an intricate link between micro-millisecond protein dynamics and allostery in biliverdin reductase (BLVRB). differences in amino acid sequence distal to the catalytic site induce a substantial variability in molecular motions that work in concert to regulate BLVRB function. thermodynamic and kinetic investigation offers insight into the role of protein motions in organizing biomolecular interfaces. mutagenesis, this work captures the per-residue impact on conformational selection during the binding transition state of in fl uenza A nonstructural protein 1 and human p85 β . The allosteric interactions of cholesterol with the chemokine receptor CCR3, critical to immune cell traf fi cking, is characterized by Aalst and Wylie with circular dichroism and fl uorescence polarization. The authors identi fi ed cholesterol as a critical mediator of substrate binding and receptor activation that drives signal transduction in GTPase assays. Cole and used NMR spectroscopy to explore the interplay between Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ and the conserved homology 1 (C1) zinc fi nger domain of protein kinase C, revealing the atomistic structural and thermodynamic properties of the C1 coordination sphere that facilitate competition between divalent metals.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Bradyrhizobium inoculation on soybean pre-sowing and the effect of the treatments of seeds using fungicides on nodulation. Control treatments consisted of two non-inoculated treatments, with or without N-fertilizer supply (200 kg ha-1 of N). Inoculation at pre-sowing had a performance similar to the standard inoculation at sowing regarding soybean nodulation, dry matter production, grain yield and N accumulation in tissues and grains. However, when seeds were treated with fungicides, nodulation and grain yield decreased.


The problem of the population from other places in Beijing has drawn extensive attention of our society.The classification and scale of the population from other places,the cause of its problem and the condition of its management,its cultural problem,and the influence of its culture on the main\|stream culture of Beijing,including both the active and negative effect,etc.should be analyzed and discussed conscientiously.


Human Activity Recognition (HAR) can be useful in various applications such as health monitoring, security and surveillance, and smart environments. But the majority of existing HAR methods fail to recognize more than one subject in the environment. Moreover, usually a machine learning algorithm is applied for recognition which needs access to a suitable training dataset and the necessary processing power. In this paper, a non-learning approach for recognizing human activities in multi-subject environments is proposed. For this purpose, microwave Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is used which is able to work unobtrusively and also does not need any adjustments in different environments. We propose mathematical and morphological operations of range-Doppler map to enable the system to recognize activities in real time with inexpensive and low-power processors. Our system also measures the distance of subjects, in addition to their activity. Performance results show that InARMS can reach 89.1% and 75.1% accuracy in an environment with one and two subjects, respectively, outperforming representative existing methods by as much as 6.4%.


Background: After the outbreak of Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), stringent lockdown measures were imposed in Wuhan between January 23, 2020 and April 8, 2020. To provide evidence on the post-lockdown risk of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, the city government conducted a citywide nucleic acid screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 14 and June 1, 2020. Methods: All city residents aged [≥]6 years were potentially eligible to participate the screening programme. The rate of detection of asymptomatic infected cases was calculated, and their demographic and geographic distributions were investigated. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to draw a geographic distribution of asymptomatic infected persons. Results: The screening programme recruited a total of 9,899,828 persons (response rate, 92.9%). The screening found no newly confirmed patients with COVID-19, and identified 300 asymptomatic infected cases (detection rate 0.303/10,000). In addition, 107 of 34,424 previously recovered patients with a history of COVID-19 diagnosis were tested positive (relapse rate, 0.31%). Virus culture of SARS-CoV-2 was negative for all 300 asymptomatic cases and all 107 recovered COVID-19 patients. A total of 1,174 close contacts of asymptomatic cases were traced and all of them had a negative nucleic acid testing result. Conclusions: Prevalence of COVID-19 nucleic acid test positivity was very low in the Wuhan general population, in recovered cases and in contacts of asymptomatic cases, five to eight weeks after the end of lockdown. These findings help resolve concerns about the post-lockdown risk of COVID-19 epidemic, and promote the recovery of economy and normal social life in Wuhan.


Visualization of wavefield propagation has been evolving as one of the most significant nondestructive imaging methods for structural damage evaluation and shock analysis. Corresponding visualization systems that are commonly used are potentially affected by aliasing due to the nature of discrete sampling in spatial and temporal domains. This study was conducted to define the problem and produce a spatial sampling guideline for aliasing-free visualization. Experimental demonstration was given at various spatial sampling rates for comparison. The results verified that the guideline is valid and can be used for quick determination of aliasing-free spatial sampling rate prior to experiment. Special guideline for post-sampling optimization was also presented.


Dietary fats are efficiently digested and absorbed by enterocytes, assembled into triacylglycerol‐rich chylomicrons and finally secreted in a multistep process. The role of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) in the fate of absorbed lipids, their intracellular trafficking, triacylglycerol packaging in chylomicrons by enterocytes has not been previously studied. On the basis of our previous work in hepatocytes showing that mTORC1 positively regulate VLDL production, we hypothesized that intestinal mTORC1 supports the production and secretion of chylomicrons. Lentivirus mediated shRNA technology was used to knockdown (>90% down) mTORC1 signaling‐associated proteins, Raptor and TSC2, to create three Caco‐2 cell lines that exhibit basal (shScramble cells), low (shRaptor cells) or high (shTSC2 cells) mTORC1 activity. Chylomicron production was primed with the addition of 1.2 mM oleate/1.5% BSA complex to the apical side of ThinCert™ cell culture inserts. We found that knocking down Raptor disrupts triacylglycerol synthesis and chylomicron assembly. Knockdown of Raptor decreased the mRNA levels of APOB (−87%), MTTP (−94%), FASN (−76%), DGAT1 (−77%) and DGAT2 (−81%) compared with control shScramble cells. The cellular protein abundance of apoB (−89%), MTTP (−63%) and FASN (−80%), and the secretion of apoB100 (−51%), apoB48 (−66%) and triacylglycerols (−69%) were decreased compared with control shScramble cells. Rapamycin (a mTORC1 inhibitor) lowered the secretion of apoB100 and apoB48 in shScramble cells by 47% and 75%, respectively. Knockdown of Raptor decreased the gene expression of prechylomicron transport vesicle‐associated proteins VAMP7 (vesicle‐associated membrane protein 7) and SAR1B (secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1B) by 85% and 70%, respectively, compared with shScramble cells, suggesting that prechylomicron trafficking from the ER to the Golgi was repressed in the absence of Raptor. In conclusion, our studies revealed the critical role of mTORC1 in chylomicron metabolism. These findings have broad implications for the absorption of essential fatty acids and lipid‐soluble vitamins, for chylomicron retention disease, chylomicron overproduction and associated hypertriglyceridemia.


Scientific Events: The New Element Hafnium; Geodetic and Tidal Surveys; Colloid Chemistry; Dr. Paul Wagner; Sigma Xi Lectures; Grants for Research Work made by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.. 258 Scientifie Notes and News ................ 261 University an-d Educational Notes ...2.7....._27 Discussion and Correspondence: A New Magneto-optic Effect: PROFESSOR R. W. WOOD and ALEXANDER ELLET. Movement of Glaciers: WM. C. ALDEN. Sodium Iodide in Table Salt: Da. INGo W. D. HACKH. An Entomological Antique: EDWARD P. VAN DUZEE. Aymara Type of Head Deformation in the United States: DR. ALEA HRDLI, KA. Science and Comni.ercialized Athletics: DR. W. E. ALLEN. Methods of the Carnegie Institution: PRoFESSOR GRAIAM LUSx. Tingiidwa: DR. A. C. BAKER .................................... 267


This study proposes a synchrophasor measurement-based approach for online available transfer capability (ATC) evaluation. It utilises an expression which correlates the nodal power injections to the line flows. A new set of measurement-dependent injection distribution factors (MDIDFs) has been computed using this expression. The measurements, obtained from optimally placed phasor measurement units, are used to carry out linear state estimation (LSE). The voltage phasors of all system buses, obtained by LSE, are required to compute the MDIDFs. ATCs for bilateral and multilateral transactions are directly evaluated using these MDIDFs for system intact and N − 1 contingency cases. If required, the MDIDFs can also be used to directly compute AC power transfer distribution factors and line outage distribution factors without factorising the Jacobian of AC power flow (ACPF). The proposed approach has been validated in real-time digital simulator at different system operating points of WSCC 9-bus and IEEE 14-bus systems. Simulations are also performed on an Indian 246-bus Northern Regional Power Grid system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results thus obtained, when compared with those evaluated through repeated ACPF-based approach, prove the efficacy of the proposed approach.


The oxidation of uranium dioxide by hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid medium was studied. It was found that in the UO/sub 2/-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-Fe/sup (II,III)/-H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ system, the value of the oxidation potential (OP) is determined by the amount of Fe/sup (III)/ ions formed as the result of the oxidation of ferrous oxide by hydrogen peroxide. At normal temperature, H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ displays its oxidizing activity with respect to uranium dioxide at OP values of 500-550 mV, and at elevated temperature (40-60/sup 0/C) and in the presence of iron ions, at 400-450 mV. In a wide range of pH values, hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent considerably surpasses oxidizing agents such as nitrous acid, manganese dioxide, manganates, and permanganates. The process proceeds vigorously not only with the participation of iron ions, but also in their absence.


The Faraday effect is becoming widely used as an optical method of measuring electric cur-rent or magnetic field. It is particularly advantageous where the measurements must be made at high voltage or in the presence of electromagnetic interference, and where, speed or stability are considerations. In this paper we review the development of the technology over the last twenty years, with an emphasis on the basic principles, design considerations, and performance capabilities of sensors that represent the latest achievements. Faraday effect current sensors are now used routinely in the measurement of large current pulses, and are starting to become available for ac current measurements in the power industry. Recent developments include their extension to the measurement of currents in the milliampere range and substantial reductions in size. Similar devices, in slightly different configurations, can be used for magnetic field measurements. Further improvements, based on new fiber types and new materials, are projected.


Abstract???Basing on the basic principle of the machine movement, the movement and dynamic performance analysis of bias large flow high-pressure reciprocating pump are done. The location, velocity distribution and acceleration of the multi-cylinder are listed. Thus, the calculation model of the equivalent resistance torque is simplified according to the device operating characteristics. So the equivalent torque and equivalent power on the crankshaft are gotten. These data are the basic data for the design and stability analysis of power system.


This paper introduces current advances and some rudimental results of our ongoing research project. To discriminate between earthquakes and explosions, temporal and spectral features extracted from seismic waves, plus some seismological parameters (such as epicenter depth, location, magnitude) are crux for rapid and correct recognizing event sources (earthquakes or explosions). Seismological parameters are used as the first step to screen out obvious earthquake events. Fourier transforms (FFT), chirp-Z transforms, wavelet transforms have been conducted and some prominent features are acquired by present experimental dataset. In some experiments, wavelet features plus support vector classification (SVC) have reached very high correct recognition rate (>95%). If more temporal and spectral features are utilized properly, more robust recognition result is surely possibility.


The invention discloses a pesticide residue degradation agent taking chitosan oligosaccharide as an active component. The mass concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide in the degradation agent is 0.05-1g/L, the degree of deacetylation is 50-100%, and the average molecular weight is 500-5,000Da; and by spraying the degradation agent to the soil or the crops in a growing period and after picking or irrigating or soaking the soil or the crops in a growing period and after picking with the degradation agent, the pesticide residue in soil and crops can be obviously reduced (the degradation rate exceeds 65%). The degradation agent disclosed by the invention can degrade the pesticides of pyrethroids, carbamates, organochlorines, triazoles and the like; and the plants using the degradation agent include grain crops, cash crops, flowers, vegetables, fruits and the like. In the degradation agent disclosed by the invention, the active component chitosan oligosaccharide is a natural product which avoids environmental pollution of the processed soil and crops and is harmless to the health of human body and environment-friendly; and meanwhile, the pesticide residue degradation agent has the advantages of low cost, small application amount and the like, and is simple to use and easy to popularize and use.


This paper presents the development and performance analysis of Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller for a standalone solar energy conversion system. The proposed system consists of 2.5 kW PV array, DC to DC boost converter, inverter and different load. The DC to DC Converter connected to Inverter through DC link capacitor. The inverter power fed to the load through step down transformer. The standalone solar energy conversion system consists of MPPT controller. In this research Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller on Levenberg algorithm developed. For the proposed Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT takes two variables as PV voltage and PV current as an input and output the duty ratio for DC to DC boost converter. The Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller for standalone solar energy conversion system with various load is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink environment. Performance of both the Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller compared with conventional incremental conductance MPPT. Simulation results show that for a wide range of input irradiance, Artificial Intelligence Technique based MPPT controller shows improved performance than the conventional incremental conductance MPPT with at various operating conditions.


A perturbation procedure is employed to study field line displacements in a magnetic configuration consisting of a dominant (unperturbed) field with closed field lines and a small additional (perturbation) field that causes the perturbed field lines to fail to close on themselves. A differential equation for the deviation of the perturbed field lines from the unperturbed (closed) ones is derived in a first-order perturbation approximation. The total deviation in a circuit, obtained by integrating the equation in the Clebsch representation, is expressed in terms of an action integral representing a longitudinal adiabatic invariant. Numerical results for many related quantities are also presented to verify the obtained analytical results and to compare the first-order approximations with the exact relations.


Abstract : Case reports of two human volunteers are presented with histologic evaluation of the results 28 days after periodontal flap surgery. Three specimens were treated with phosphate-buffered physiological saline applied to the diseased root surface for one minute (control), and three specimens were treated with an experimental combination of 2% bile salt followed by 5% human plasma fraction for one minute each. There are indications that a connective tissue new attachment may be possible following the biologic preparation of diseased root surfaces.


This paper assesses the effect of the U.S. Job Corps (JC), the nation's largest and most comprehensive job training program targeting disadvantaged youths, on wages. We employ partial identification techniques and construct informative nonparametric bounds for the causal effect of interest under weaker assumptions than those conventionally used for point identification of treatment effects in the presence of sample selection. In addition, we propose and estimate bounds on quantile treatment effects of the program on participants' wages. In general, we find convincing evidence of positive impacts of JC on participants' wages. Importantly, we find that estimated impacts on lower quantiles of the distribution are higher, with the highest impact being in the 5th percentile where a positive effect on wages is bounded between 8.4 and 16.1 percent. These bounds suggest that JC results in wage compression within eligible participants.


Increased nutritional demands and suppressed immune function increase the risk for metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows during the transition period. These problems increase with parity number and result in significant losses in milk production and early culling. Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (Diamond V Original XPTM; XP) may support immune function and greater nutritional demands; hence, XP may decrease the risk of infectious and metabolic diseases. Doubling feeding rates of XP may provide greater health benefits to dairy cows. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether feeding a single or double dose of XP during the transition period (-4 to 4 wks postpartum) may decrease the risk of metabolic and infectious diseases in multiparous dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows, housed in the same pen, were given a supplement containing 0 (n = 54), 56 (n = 52), or 112 g (n = 54) of XP daily during morning lock-up as a top dressing to their TMR. The supplement consisted of 0, 56, or 112 g of XP mixed with 84 g of molasses and 168, 112, or 56 g of corn meal, respectively. Intake of the supplement was monitored. The incidence and treatment period of ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, udder edema, and was recorded for each cows in the first 100 d postpartum. Somatic cell score was analyzed from DHIA records taken twice weekly on non-consecutive days for the first 4 wks postpartum. Feeding XP improved supplement intake at parturition (P = 0.02) and decreased the incidence and treatment length of clinical mastitis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.08) and somatic cell scores in milk (P = 0.08). Feeding a double dose of XP additionally tended to decrease the incidence and duration of udder edema (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07) and days lost due to early culling or death (P = 0.05). We conclude that supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (XP) may support mammary health and act as an appetite


—The purpose of this research is to describe the development process of teaching aids for academic writing that is material spelling, diction, sentence, and paragraph by using communicative approach web based. The research methodology used in developing the teaching aids is 4D model. They are define, design, develop, and dissemination. The data collection technic is validation, observation, test, and questionnaire. The data analysis of this research teaching aid advisability, research instrument validity, teaching-learning process, the result of teaching, activity and students response.


Neurons of the caudal fastigial nucleus were investigated by means of single unit recordings. Natural vestibular stimuli were applied as well as galvanic labyrinth polarization. One-third of the neurons showed a convergence of vertical and horizontal canals. More than 80% of the neurons responded to polarization of both the ipsilateral and contralateral canals (binaural responders). Most neurons had a limited response range. Two classes of neurons could be distinguished: up to 1 Hz responders and up to 10 Hz responders. In addition a group of fastigial cells showed a tuning within a small range of frequencies (sharp-tuning responders).


AbstractThree satellite observational datasets and a reanalysis dataset during the period 2001–09 are used to examine four water budget components (total precipitable water, surface evaporation, precipitation, and column-integrated moisture flux convergence) associated with western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) of different intensity change categories: rapidly intensifying, slowly intensifying, neutral, and weakening. The results show that surface evaporation plays an important role in storm rapid intensification (RI) and the highest evaporation associated with rapidly intensifying TCs is associated with the highest sea surface temperature. Total precipitable water in the outer environment, where moisture is mainly provided by surface evaporation, is also vital to storm RI because RI is favored when there is less dry air intruded into the storm circulation. The roles of surface evaporation and total precipitable water in storm RI are related to the enhanced convective available potential energy by...


The fatigue process of materials can be divided into two subsequent stages. In the first the initial fatigue strength of the material is affected. At the end of this stage (local) micro cracks have initiated (crack initiation stage). Then these micro cracks start growing (crack growing stage). By dynamic fourpoint bending tests with a "complex" prescribed strain signal, it is shown that the fatigue life is not determined by the height of the strain signal alone. However, the observed fatigue life (until crack initiation) can be explained if the mean dissipated energy per cycle is taken as the relevant parameter in the fatigue process. The consequence of this observation may be that fatigue of the material (crack initiation) will also occur if only "push" stresses are applied. However, for the growth process of the micro cracks "pull" stresses remain necessary. The paper ends with a number of statements which in the opinion of the authors can be deduced from the observations. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 836802. (Author/TRRL)


Despite long-ago predictions [1] that other user-authentication technologies would replace passwords, passwords remain pervasive and are likely to continue to be so [2]. This talk will describe our research on methods to tackle three key ingredients of account takeovers for password-protected accounts today: (i) site database breaches, which is the largest source of stolen passwords for internet sites; (ii) the tendency of users to reuse the same or similar passwords across sites; and (iii) credential stuffing, in which attackers submit breached credentials for one site in login attempts for the same accounts at another. A central theme of our research is that these factors are most effectively addressed by coordinating across sites, in contrast to today's practice of each site defending alone. We summarize algorithms to drive this coordination; the efficacy and security of our proposals; and the scalability of our designs through working implementations.


Remote sensing of the Earth is a new and modern tool for studying the climatic and geographical situation in the world. In recent years, modern satellite systems have been launched to obtain multidimensional images of the earth's surface with high spatial diversity, and are used in many areas: monitoring of marine objects, forest lands, monitoring and forecasting of crops, disaster monitoring, climate research and more. In recent years, the intensity of forest fires, which is due to climate change and anthropogenic factors, is growing in number and area in Ukraine. Accordingly, the share of fires in the forestry fund, which need to grow new forest, is increasing. The number of cases of illegal deforestation has also increased in recent years. All this is irreparable damage to the environmental situation of our country. The development of space remote sensing and geographic information systems allows the development of new effective methods for assessing the state of forests. The forest cover of Ovruch district of Zhytomyr region was analyzed. This information system uses data from space images taken by the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites. In order to analyze the forest cover of the study area, a thematic map of the forest cover of Ovruch district was created and analyzed. The Bayesian classifier was chosen to classify the breed composition from space images. 7 species of tree species in the forest were identified, among which the largest area is occupied by pine. The territory where there are no forest plantations on the territory of the forest is singled out. Also, for the qualitative analysis of forest cover, the forest cover of this area was analyzed by the number of trees for several decades (1999, 2009 and 2019) for each species separately. All these results are presented graphically.


Diploma thesis is focused on the study of flavonoid content in two types of cereals - wheat and rice. The theoretical part includes characteristics of cereals, phenolic compounds with emphasis on flavonoids and various methods for their determination. The practical part describes a procedure of sample preparation using different extraction methods and spectrophotometric determination using AlCl3.6H2O in the environment of ethanol with the addition of NaNO2 and NaOH. The highest content of flavonoids in the analyzed samples was measured in a sample of black paddy rice Khaw Dam. The study results show that the best extraction method for subsequent spectrophotometric determination of flavonoids in cereals is 1 hour extraction with methanol using ultrasound.


It is generally considered that analysis of variance by maximum likelihood or its variants is computationally impractical, despite existing techniques for reducing computational effect per iteration and for reducing the number of iterations to convergence. This paper shows thata major reduction in the overall computational effort can be achieved through the use of sparse-matrix algorithms that take advantage of the factorial designs that characterize most applications of large analysis-of-variance problems. In this paper, an algebraic structure for factorial designsis developed. Through this structure, it is shown that the required computations can be arranged so that sparse-matrix methods result in greatly reduced storage and time requirements.


God created Americans much like other people. But in the beginning all was good. America, being entirely new (at least to the white race), was especially good. Somehow Americans, simply because they were here and no longer there, considered themselves good people. They regarded themselves as being virtuous in the group because it, if not everyone in it, represented a new start for the weary sin-laden human race. The first moral aspiration of the Puritans was to be Israel reconstituted, a kingdom that rested on a covenant with God, its capital the holy city on the hill.


The invention discloses a method for catalyzing and synthesizing 1-amino-2, 3-propanediol, comprising the following steps: mixing the raw material 3-chlorine-1, 2-propanediol with ammonia water with mass fraction being 25-30% by certain proportion; carrying out time-phased temperature reaction on the mixture under the effect of certain temperature, pressure and catalyst to generate the water soluble product 1-amino-2, 3-propanediol; obtaining the 1-amino-2, 3-propanediol by ammonia recovery, catalyst recovery, pH value adjustment, dehydration, decoloring, desalting, solvent recovery and final rectification under vacuum of the reaction feed liquid. With the method of the invention adopted, yield coefficient of the 1-amino-2, 3-propanediol can reach 81.5%, the purity can be more than or equal to 99.5%, the byproduct 2-amino-1, 3-propanediol can be less than or equal to 0.3%.


The article deals with the history of the postpositive -тъ in the Old Russian and Old Bulgarian languages. Its status (particle, member) is defined, functions and meaning are characterized.


Conventional high-power wireless power transfer (WPT) systems that are required to deliver power over a wide operating range suffer from issues like hard switching, poor current sharing, and unwanted cross-coupling issues. This article proposes a new resonant inductor integrated-transformer-based multi-inverter to improve the WPT power rating without compromising performance. Viable modulation schemes of the proposed system are analyzed, and a hybrid modulation scheme is proposed for wide-range power regulation. To further investigate the feasibility of the proposed system, the power transfer capacity, current sharing among multiple inverters, and the soft switching regions are studied. A 14-kW LCC–LCC WPT experimental system with three parallel inverters is built, which achieves 93.5% efficiency, demonstrating the high performance of the proposed system. This article is accompanied by a video demonstrating these experiments.


The bcl-2 oncogene product delays apoptotic cell death and prolongs the cell survival. We cloned two bcl-2-related cDNAs from a rat thymus cDNA library by low stringency hybridization with a rat bcl-2 fragment as a probe. One of these, designated bcl-xα, was a counterpart of the human bcl-xL reported previously as a bcl-2-related gene (Boise, L. H., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Postema, C. E., Ding, L., Lindsten, T., Turka, L. A., Mao, M., Nunez, G., and Thompson, C. B. (1993) Cell 74, 597-608). The other, designated bcl-xβ, was novel and found to be generated by an unspliced mRNA, whereas bcl-xα was generated from a spliced transcript. The splice junction exactly corresponded to that found in the bcl-2 gene. bcl-xβ was specifically expressed in cerebellum, heart, and thymus. When bcl-xβ directed by a strong promoter was introduced into an interleukin-3-dependent promyeloid cell line, FDC-P1, DNA fragmentation was observed even in the growing state in the presence of interleukin-3 although not in the control transfectants. This finding suggests that the rat bcl-xβ gene product promotes apoptosis in the promyeloid cells.


"The adaptation and extension of the philosophy of religion required for teaching in theological seminaries would not only give it greater value to theological students. It could also lead to significant improvement of contemporary philosophy of religion itself, by showing the value of philosophical reflection on actual religions."


GPS has been used to take position and to control quality of the samples when Geological Survey Institute of Gansu province did items of country resource survey in 2001. The enacting methods of parameter and calibration for GPS have been searched. GIS has been taken into the quality management in the survey of 1:200000 regional geochemistry, then the manager could know promptly field productions and sample positions, and use the analysis functions of MapInfo to query, to search and to take statistic features of sample points.


ABSTRACT Rice grain discoloration affects grain yield and quality. Corrientes is the main rice producing province in Argentina. Previous studies were carried out in this province, where only panicle incidence (PI) was evaluated. In view of the need to obtain more agronomic parameters to more exhaustively investigate the effects caused by this disease, the present study was carried out to evaluate panicle incidence (PI), percentage of discolored grains per panicle (GD), weight loss (WL), disease severity index (DSI) and sterility (S) in eight rice genotypes. Although PI and GD are estimated as disease incidence, both were significantly different. GD is obtained by the grain-by-grain evaluation, while PI considers a panicle diseased when the latter presents at least one spotted grain; thus, this last method overestimates the disease incidence. The genotype IRGA 424 recorded maximum and minimum GD and S values, which may be explained by different sowing dates in different regions in the province, with their corresponding environmental conditions during the critical period of the infection and during spikelet formation. WL and DSI had lower values than those reported by other authors, which indicates that the effects of rice grain discoloration on these parameters in Corrientes Province, Argentina, are less severe than in other rice cultivating countries.


The introduction of crowdsourcing offers numerous business opportunities. In recent years, manifold forms of crowdsourcing have emerged on the market -- also in logistics. Thereby, the ubiquitous availability and sensor-supported assistance functions of mobile devices support crowdsourcing applications, which promotes contextual interactions between users at the right place at the right time. This paper presents the results of an in-depth-analysis on crowdsourcing in logistics in the course of ongoing research in the field of location-based crowdsourcing (LBCS). This paper analyzes LBCS for both, 'classic' logistics as well as 'information' logistics. Real-world examples of crowdsourcing applications are used to underpin the two evaluated types of logistics using crowdsourcing. Potential advantages and challenges of logistics with the crowd ('crowd-logistics') are discussed. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide the necessary basis for a novel interdisciplinary research field.


Chapter 1 The Importance of Programmed Leisure Chapter 2 The Profession of Leisure Programmers Chapter 3 Basic Programming Principles Chapter 4 Leisure Program Components Chapter 5 Overview of the Program Planning Process Chapter 6 Understanding Your Organization and Community Chapter 7 Assessing Patrons' Program Needs Chapter 8 Program Goals and Objectives Chapter 9 The Program Plan Chapter 10 Leading and Supervising Programs Chapter 11 Program Monitoring Chapter 12 Managing Risk in Recreation Programs Chapter 13 Evaluation Approaches Chapter 14 Evaluation Steps.


In current situation in Armenia, the problem of personal success and maintaining effective behavior should be considered as an important condition for a healthy society and the formation of a stable state. The aim of the paper is to identify the role of personal potential as a main socio-psychological factor that determine the process of overcoming and coping the current situation in the Republic of Armenia (post-war and the epidemic situation). Our hypothesis is that personal potential1, including psychological capital and its development, can be considered as an indicator of the well-being of society.


The unconference now breaks into unworkships. In the Community discussion, a host of local paper online journalists seek ways of engaging their readers. Here's their thoughts…


Lifelong Learning (LLL) has been proclaimed a Europe-wide strategy as societies are faced with numerous changes making continuous development indispensable. Currently, LLL is often seen primarily as a topic for continuing education. However, schools play an essential role in laying the cornerstone for successful LLL: There is robust knowledge that persistent motivation to learn as well as corresponding learning skills are essential for LLL and that both could be influenced best during childhood and adolescence. Therefore, facilitating LLL is an important aspect of schools' success. However, results from international studies show deficits for many students in LLL competencies. Consequently, a need for more systematic promotion of LLL in schools was identified. Based on this, the aim of this paper is to give an overview on the theoretical basis for promoting LLL in schools from the perspective of educational psychology. Derived from this, the necessity of enhancing LLL competencies in school is made obviou...


As many of the community detection methods based on intelligent optimization algorithms suffer from degeneracy, unsatisfactory optimization ability, complex computational process, requiring priori knowledge, etc., a community detection method in complex networks based on immune Genetic Algorithm( GA) was proposed. The algorithm combined the improved character encoding with the corresponding genetic operator, and automatically acquired the optimal community number and the community detection solution without the priori knowledge. Immune principle was introduced into selection operation of GA, which maintained the diversity of individuals, and therefore improved the intrinsic degeneracy of GA. By utilizing the local information of the network topology structure in initialization population, crossover operation and mutation operation, the search space was compressed and the optimization ability was improved. The simulation results on both computer-generated networks and real-world networks show that the algorithm acquires the optimal community number and the community detection solution, and has a higher accuracy. This indicates the algorithm is feasible and valid for community detection in complex networks.


The invention relates to a desulfurized gypsum thermal-insulation material belonging to thermal-insulation materials. The waste pollutant desulfurized gypsum in the existing heat power plants is piled and filled in land, thereby polluting the ecological environment and influencing the safe operation of the power plants. The desulfurized gypsum thermal-insulation material provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of desulfurized building gypsum, 15-20 parts of vitrified microbead, 0.1-0.25 part of cellulose ether, 0.2-0.4 part of air entraining agent, 0.01-0.015 part of retarder and 70-100 parts of water. The components are added into water and evenly mixed to obtain the desulfurized gypsum thermal-insulation material. The desulfurized gypsum thermal-insulation material has the advantages of low coefficient of heat conductivity, thermal insulation and heat-shielding performance, energy saving, moderate strength, favorable workability and short construction cycle, has the functions of fire resistance, sound absorption, air humidity conditioning and the like, and reduces the piling and landfilling of the desulfurized waste residues as well as environmental pollution; and no CO2 is emitted in the production process.


Salmonella enterica is a major global foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and, in some cases, death. Salmonella serovar Anatum has been increasingly associated with foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks. In this report, we announce two complete genome sequences of Salmonella Anatum isolated from papaya fruit. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a major global foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and, in some cases, death. Salmonella serovar Anatum has been increasingly associated with foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks. In this report, we announce two complete genome sequences of Salmonella Anatum isolated from papaya fruit.


Diseases of the circulatory system are considered one of the most urgent problems of the health system in all countries of the world, and one of its leading diseases – arterial blood pressure, with its relatively severe complications, is distinguished from other diseases of the same system. In the following years, in many developed countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, the main share of causes of death is being persecuted for diseases of the circulatory system. In European countries, this figure is 48% (in men - 43%, in women – 55%), in Uzbekistan, this is in the 2009 year.It is noted that from diseases (ischemic heart disease) to 50,1%, from hypertension to 17,7%) – 20,8% [1,3].


This is the second report in a series of three. The first reported on recent publications that combine a focus on cultural landscape(s) and ecological dynamics and dimensions (Mathewson, 1998). It also included a survey of coverage of cultural landscapes and ecology in Progress in Human Geography (1977– ) since its inception, and also referred to items in its predecessor, the annual review Progress in Geography (1969–76). To be sure, both categories have appeared in reports with varying rubrics over the past 30 years, but not as the titular nor main focus of them. Moreover, cultural landscape and ecology were rarely viewed in combination, and rarer still as a unity. This seems somewhat curious given that the nexus of relations, variously referred to as nature–society, human–environment, man–land and so on, constitutes one of the three or four consistent and fundamental divisions or arenas of geographic learning and labor (Agnew et al., 1996; Rediscovering Geography Committee, 1997). And within this sector, by any reasonable account, the concepts of cultural landscape and ecology are central (Turner, 1997). Whatever the past editorial rationales for this elision, a forum has now been provided. It comes at a critical time. General interest in human impacts on the global environment – past, present and future – has probably never been greater. Of course, geographers do not have exclusive proprietary claims to this immense topic, nor should they. Incre a s i n g l y, the practitioners are as apt to be enviro n m e n t a l historians, historical ecologists, landscape archaeologists and kindred specialist-synthesizers (to use Turner's, 1989, term) as geographers. At lesser scales and finer resolutions, particularly wherein the study of cultural landscape and ecology meet and merge, a case for geographic liens (on certain neighbors' interventions) based on provenance and development would be legitimate. In the meantime, geographers might be flattered by the mimicry, but also alert to opportunities to make it clear that Progress in Human Geography 23,2 (1999) pp. 267–281


Several previously unobserved Rydberg states of the sulphur atom above the lowest ionization threshold are identified and assigned using (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton-ionization photoelectron spectroscopy. All states were accessed by two-photon transitions from either the 3P ground or the 1D excited state, prepared by in situ photodissociation of H2S. The observed states derive from the (2Do)5p and (2Po)4p configurations. For the (2Do)5p 3F and (2Po)4p 3D triplets, extensive photoelectron spectroscopic studies enable a detailed comparison of the autoionization and photoionization rates of these states.


This paper studies how the density of executive labor markets affects managerial incentives and firm performance. I show that executive markets are locally segmented rather than nationally integrated, and the density of a local market provides executives with noncompensation incentives. In a denser market, executives face stronger performance-based dismissal threats as well as better outside promotion opportunities. These incentives induce executives to bring higher performance to firms in denser markets, especially when executives are young. The results in this paper imply the importance of local market density in managerial incentive alignment. JEL Classification: G30; G34; J42


In this chapter, we compare simplifiedversions of models designed to estimate of the atmospheric CO2 increase to be expected from continued combustion of fossil fuels. These models are global in extent and relate perturbations from an assumed preindustrial steady-stateowingto the input of CO2derived from fossilfuel.The carbon cycle is very complex, but many aspects of it are not expected to change due to fossil fuel consumption, and consequently perturbation models are useful in estimating the response of the carbon cycle to fossil fuel consumption. The emphasis here is on modelling the oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2,The models consist of an atmospheric reservoir of uniform CO2 concentration interacting with a model ocean. The land biosphere is assumed to be passive,neither increasing nor decreasing in size; and thus it is omitted from the models. The models under consideration all involvegreat simplificationsof the physical ocean. They typicallyrely on calibration by tracers such as 14c.Dynamic models, which do not require this type of calibration because they are based on the hydrodynamic equations, have not yet reached a state where they might be expected to be more reliable. The difficultyin developing dynamic ocean models is related to our ignorance ofthe turbulence properties ofthe ocean (Bryanand Sarmiento, 1979).His consequently useful to compare more primitiveoceanic models, each in as simplea form as possible, so that similaritiesand differences in their behavior may be most easily understood and related to aspects of ocean circulation. Our goal is to findwhere the art of ocean modellingstands in depictingmathematically those aspects of the carbon cycle that are important to the oceanic uptake of fossilfuel CO2.We wish to note similaritiesand differences,the range of model parameters, and the responses permitted by the most important calibrationdatasteady-


The species composition of control burning Choerospondias axillaris plantation and non-burning plantation was analyzed.The results showed that the species number of C.axillaris plantation under the control burning was less than in the non-burning,but the increasing extent was different.The average individuals of various layer of C.axillaris plantation under the control burning were less than in the non-burning.The number of family and gena of the C.axillaris plantation under the control burning was less than under the non-burning and the extent of increasing was less than in non-burning C.axillaris plantation.All this showed that control burning might be adverse to the growth of undergrowth vegetation of C.axillaris plantations.


Computer code is a form of notational language. It prescribes actions to be carried out by the computer, often by systems called interpreters. When code is used to write music, we are therefore operating with programming language as a relatively new form of musical notation. Music is a time-based art form and the traditional musical score is a linear chronograph with instructions for an interpreter. Here code and traditional notation are somewhat at odds, since code is written as text, without a representational timeline. In short: code does not come with a timeline but is rather the material used for building timelines. In this keynote, Thor Magnusson explores the context of creating linear "code scores" in the area of musical notation. He presents the Threnoscope as an example of a system that implements both representational notation and a prescriptive code score.


Successful job placement of aviation management graduates is highly beneficial to university aviation management programs as well as organizations that offer positions to aviation management graduates. A critical aspect of job placement involves understanding the preferences and perceptions of students and employers regarding jobs. This paper reports the results of a survey of undergraduate aviation management students from four universities regarding their preferences and perceptions vis-a-vis employment. Results provided include a demographic profile of the respondents, their organization/functional area preferences and their perspectives on selected job selection factors and issues.


Based on the theory of gas molecular absorption spectrum,structure of transmission type gas cell that based on GRIN lens is designed.We use GRIN lens as collimating or focusing lens for transmission gas cell,and a method that using cascaded GRIN Lens couple to increase the optical path length is presented.Using this method,the detection sensitivity of the gas cell has been greatly increased.Transmission type gas cell that based on GRIN lens is applied to absorption spectrum optical fiber gas sensor,and good detecting effect is obtained.


Starting from problems on odorized pollution existing here and there,features and principles applied on concrete methods adopted at the present time are introduced in detail,such as chemical deodorization,biochemical deodorization and physicochemical one.The developing tendency to deodorize for every different method is pointed out hereby.


Abstract The biological effect of plant extracts on the two predators C. carnea and C. undecimpunctata was studied in the laboratory. Treated B. brassicae was offered to the newly hatched larvae of the two predators. The rate of prey consumption and duration of the larval instars of the two predators were slightly affected as a result of the treatments of the plant extracts. Adults of the aphid parasite D. Rapae and the whitefly parasite E. Mundus were exposed to the plant extracts via feeding on treated honey droplets or parasitized treated hosts. Mortality percentages of D. Rapae fed on honey contaminated with plant extracts were 50 and 80% for extracts of Melia fruits in ethanol and in petroleum ether, respectively. Mortalities in parasites developed in hosts treated with plant extracts of Neem fruits in ethanol and Melia flowers in petroleum ether in were 33.3 and 81.5%, respectively. Similar results were obtained when E. Mundus received the same treatments of the plant extracts.


Victoria crater is an impact crater about 800 meters in diameter that lies roughly 5 km south of the landing site of the Opportunity rover. For more than a year, Opportunity has been engaged in exploration of this, the largest impact crater encountered by either rover. The shape of Victoria crater is unusual. The rim is characterized by a number of prominent alcoves that are U-shaped in plan view, separated by sharp promontories that project toward the crater interior. The alcoves are clearly sites of mass wasting, and this distinctive shape indicates that the crater has been enlarged significantly by mass wasting and erosional processes. After arriving at the crater's rim, Opportunity traversed along the rim imaging the stratigraphy exposed on the promontories (Fig 1). The promontories are quite steep, and most of them expose several to many meters of intact bedrock on near-vertical faces. Because Victoria crater is so large, by imaging these faces we have been able for the first time study lateral sedimentary facies variations at Meridiani over horizontal length scales of hundreds of meters. Opportunity's original arrival at Victoria Crater took place at Duck Bay, along the western rim of the crater. The rover then traversed clockwise more than 30% of the way around the crater, ending the traverse at Tierra del Fuego. Along the way, imaging campaigns were conducted on a number of the promontories, including some "super-resolution" imaging in which we acquired multiple images and added them to increase signal to noise ratio and allow spatial filtering to improve angular resolution.


In this work we have proposed a fully automatic algorithm to detect brain tumors by using digital image processing techniques is proposed. Here we detect the tumor, segment the tumor and calculate the area of the tumor. The complex problem of segmenting tumor in MRI can be successfully addressed by considering multi-step approaches. The tumor detection is often an essential preliminary phase to solve the segmentation problem successfully. The experiments showed good results also in complex situations. Segmentation of images embraces a significant position in the region of image processing. Tumor segmentation and area calculation from MRI data is an essential but fatigue, boring and time unbearable task when it completed manually by medical professional when evaluate with present day's high speed computing machines which facilitate us to visual study the area and position of unnecessary tissues. We use SVM classifier to classify the type of tumor.


Numerical methods like the Finite Element Method or Finite Difference Method are popular in the analysis of engineering structures which are submitted to dynamic impact that induce wave propagation. Dynamic impact for structures often emanate from earthquake and blasting. The waves which propagate as a result of these actions stay only for short durations. Because of the extremely short duration of the resulting waves and the energy transmission is accomplished through the different sized grids in the numerical modeling, the numerical results are sensitive to the finite element mesh size. Practical experiences in numerical simulations show that a mesh size which fits to one dynamic impact might not be appropriate for another case dictating that the convergence criterion of a numerical model with a given numerical mesh size might not be enough to guarantee accurate numerical simulation results. Therefore, both coarse mesh and fine mesh are used in different dynamic loading cases to investigate the mesh size effect on numerical results of impact wave propagation and interaction with structures. Based on the numerical results, the effects of mesh size used in the numerical modeling of engineering problems on the accuracy of the results are discussed. Moreover, the practical implication of the mesh size with reference to waves coming from earthquake action and hence natural hazards are explained and outlined.


This paper analyses the Bologna reform in Croatia in the context of a broader Europeanization debate. Hence, Bologna is analysed in line with Croatia's long-term struggle to enforce Europeanization under its own terms. This means that, throughout history, Croatia has made attempts to Europeanise and modernise the country but, at the same time, enforced and maintained the national. This particularly applies to the education sector that has always been the battlefield for enforcing the national. In more recent history, this mostly reflects on the primary and secondary education whereas the higher education is left on its own. However, the higher education is poorly managed and the reform is imposed from the above. Thus, the Bologna reform clearly failed in Croatia. The qualitative research conducted for this study shows dichotomy of the national and the European, as well as the traditional and the modern. The conclusion of the paper is that Croatia is trying to enforce Europeanization under its own terms, which clearly fails every time such attempt is made and results in Europhobia. As a consequence, every reform with European connotation fails, and this happened with Bologna reform of the higher education. Key words : higher education, Bologna reform, national, European, modern, traditional.


3564 Background: OSI-930 is an oral TKI with potent activity against Kit, VEGFR2, and PDGFR. Preclinical studies demonstrate tumor regression with long-term remissions across multiple xenograft models.

METHODS
Sequential cohorts of pts with advanced solid tumors received continuous daily OSI-930 to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to evaluate safety, PK/PD and efficacy of OSI-930 with both QD and BID dosing. An expansion cohort was enrolled for detailed PD analysis including sVEGFR2 plasma levels, PET imaging in GIST pts or DCE-MRI in selected pts.

RESULTS
A total of 58 pts were treated (20M/38F; median 60 years (range 19-83)). OSI-930 was dosed up to 1600 mg QD without reaching MTD. 46 pts received BID dosing [mg(# pts treated)]; 400(7), 500 (31) and 600(8). DLT's were seen in 3/8 pts at 600 mg BID; G3 rash (2 pts) and G4 GGT; and 3/31 at 500 mg BID; G3 myalgia, G3 fatigue and G3 lipase. G3 hypertension was noted in 3/46 pts but not dose-limiting. Common G1/2 toxicities were fatigue (37%), diarrhea (27%), nausea (31%), and rash (24%). Objective (CA125) responses were seen in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (2 PR/8) while in heavily pretreated GIST (median 4 prior therapies including imatinib/sunitinib), 8/18 pts achieved SD ≥12 w. Median therapy duration in the BID arm was 9 w and 18/46 pts with SD ≥12 w. PK indicated that Css were achieved after ∼7d with BID dosing. PET scans showed reduction in glycolytic activity in 4/9 pts and DCE-MRI response was seen in 4/6 pts. A trend in decreased sVEGFR levels was seen at higher doses.

CONCLUSIONS
At the MTD level of 500 mg BID OSI-930 is an active, well-tolerated compound with clinically relevant antitumor activity and exposure levels consistent with antitumor activity in preclinical models. PD data indicate mechanistic proof of concept for OSI-930. OSI-930/erlotinib combination phase I study is currently enrolling. [Table: see text].


The bond between prestressing (PS) steel and concrete plays an important role in pretensioned concrete members because the pretension force is directly transferred from PS steel to concrete by cutting or releasing the PS steels at the end of the members. While in capacity design approaches, designing for bond is considered to be a question of adequate strength along the bar length, in performance-based design approaches, the level of deformation as well as bond strength must be known and the bond-slip curves may give enough information. The purpose of this paper is to derive bond-slip curves for various tensioning forces within Korean design Code experimentally. For this purpose several series of tests have been conducted with different cover depths and tensioning forces. A realistic bond-slip curve is proposed which may be the base for more rational design of pretensioned concrete members.


Dr. W. H. Harris: At the age of 14, an otherwise healthy girl sustained an injury to her right hip when she fell from a chair. She was unable to walk because of the pain of the hip, but when she was at rest, her hip was comfortable. After the first 48 hours she could raise her leg straight in the neutral position without discomfort, but she had mild pain on active internal rotation. X-ray films (Fig 1) revealed a fracture through the right femoral neck, and also showed that the epiphysial plate of the capital femoral epiphysis had completely closed. The femoral neck fracture was minimally displaced into valgus, and the fracture line was open on the inferior neck side. Discussion Dr. Henry B. Crawford*It is a pleasure to be here to discuss an apparently impacted fracture of the neck of the femur. The earliest recollection that I


Background This meta-analysis evaluated the real-world effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®), the first preventive treatment FDA-approved specifically for chronic migraine in 2010. Methods We systematically reviewed onabotulinumtoxinA observational data in chronic migraine published between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2021. Random-effects models evaluated available data for primary and secondary endpoints defined in onabotulinumtoxinA pivotal trials at approximately 24 weeks and 52 weeks. Results Of the 44 full-text eligible studies (29 prospective; 13 retrospective; 2 other), seven evaluated change from baseline (mean[confidence interval]) at ∼24 weeks and ∼52 weeks, respectively, for onabotulinumtoxinA in: number of headache days/month: (–10.64 [–12.31, –8.97]; –10.32 [−14.92, –5.73]); number of days of acute headache pain medication intake per month (–7.40 [–13.04, –1.77]; overlapping CIs at 52 weeks); total Headache Impact Test-6 score (–11.70 [–13.86, –9.54]); –11.80 [14.70, –8.90]); and Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life v2.1 score (MSQ; 23.60 [CI: 21.56, 25.64]; 30.90 [CI: 28.29, 33.51]). At ∼24 weeks onabotulinumtoxinA showed total Migraine Disability Assessment score of 44.74 [28.50, 60.99] and ≥50% reduction in migraine days response rate of 46.57% [29.50%, 63.65%]. A sensitivity analysis at study-end suggested durability of onabotulinumtoxinA effectiveness on MSQ. Conclusion The meta-analysis reflecting real-world practice broadly corroborated with evidence from pivotal and long-term open-label studies of onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine preventive treatment.


This letter reports a novel application of game theory to quantum informational processes which can be used to optimally classify data generated by these processes. To this end, the notion of simultaneously distinguishing a pure quantum state, generated by a quantum informational process, from its constituent observable states optimally - given the constraint of these observables being orthogonal to each other, is first introduced. This problem is solved via a non-cooperative game model and the affiliated solution concept of Nash equilibrium. The notion of Nash equilibrium quantum states is introduced and used to classify quantum data optimally.


Abstract:Honeybees, it has been argued, live in democratic colonies. This essay proposes six theses concerning honeybee politics, arguing that a thoughtful investigation of honeybee communication, anarchic decision-making, and conceptions of community challenges us to embrace a radical reconceptualization, and perhaps rejection, of "the political" in general.


Industrially, a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is characterized based on their Melt Flow Index (MFI). In numerous publication, LDPE's MFI is correlated to its average molecular weight (Mw). An overview of modeling studies on LDPE reactors available in the open literature indicates significant discrepancies among researchers for the correlation of MFI-Mw, therefore a research to produce reliable correlation need to be carried out. This research gathers various experimental and industrial data of different LDPE product grades. Empirical correlations between MFI and Mw are developed and the analysis on the MFI and Mw relation is addressed. The percentage of error between the model prediction and industrial data varies from 0.1% to 2.4% which can be considered minimum. The nonlinear model obtained indicates the competency of the developed equation to describe the variation of industrial data, thus allowing greater confidence in LDPE's MFI prediction.


Composite chiral materials are realized by embedding large numbers of handed inclusions within a host material. A computational methodology is presented whereby the effective constitutive parameters of artificial chiral materials are computed while accounting for all self and mutual interactions among the inclusions. This technique combines a full-wave, Monte-Carlo scattering solution for randomly oriented inclusions together with an analytical solution for the scattering by a canonically-shaped body having a properly chosen constitutive model. It is believed that the effective constitutive parameters shown in this paper are the first full-wave computation of these quantities to appear in the literature. >


Nutrition intervention is one of the most important and feasible measures to control overweight and obesity.And for over-weighted and obese people,nutrition prescription is important to control weight,promote health,prevent disease by providing balanced diet.This study puts forward the purpose,method of establishing nutrition prescription for over-weight and obese people.By this means,we design the nutrition prescription.


A key factor determining the success of a Distributed Interactive Application (DIA) is the maintenance of a consistent shared virtual world. To help maintain consistency, a number of Information Management techniques have been developed. However, unless carefully tuned to the underlying network, they can negatively impact on consistency. This work presents a novel adaptive algorithm for optimizing consistency by maximizing available bandwidth usage in DIAs. This algorithm operates by estimating bandwidth from trends in network latency, and modifying data transmission rates to match the estimated value. Results presented within demonstrate that this approach can help optimise consistency levels in a DIA.


The main idea of the article is to solve the problem of assessing the normative values of situational clock periods of the rolling complex equipment. The result of the study is a measure of clock cycles, structured by the type of product, technological routes and production situations. An example of rationalization of one of the technological routes of a specific rolling production using situational and normative clock periods is shown, which allows the main technical and economic indicators of the complex to be improved. A situational clock period approach is proposed to build a base of normative indicators for the rolling complex. The following areas of application of the base of indicators are identified: optimization of technological routes, scheduling of the complex, operational planning of the production.


Overreachers: hyperbole, the "circle in the water," and the imposition of force in Henry VI, Part One This essay considers Joan of Arc's "Glory is like a circle in the water," speech from Henry VI, Part One. My argument is that the circle in the water—a model for the former English victories which now Joan claims will disperse to nothing—is both a figure for and a model of what the period called "overreaching." An examination of Joan's verbal tactics in this brief speech leads me first to a historical claim that Shakespeare, through Joan, deliberately sophisticates (by weakening) the model of Tamburlainian speech which constituted his chief competition in the amphitheaters. The circle in the water simile gets its power by thematizing the pathos of its own eventual exhaustion; and unlike Tamburlaine the power of the early English histories is derived from a series of ego surges that lead ultimately to failed and exhausted verbal performers. This historical claim leads to an examination of contemporary theories about hyperbolical speech and about the personal risks of using hyperbole in public speech performances.


The increase in ship size in recent years has brought about an increase in propeller load and thus an inevitable decrease in propeller efficiency. Adoption of the ducted propeller is one of the ameliorating measures, and not a few large ships--sixteen mammoth tankers, two ore carriers, and one liquefied petroleum gas carrier--built by the authors' company were fitted with ducted propellers. Cavitation erosion, however, occurring atop the duct on the inside, has proved to be an unfavorable factor of the design. This paper reports on full-scale ship observations of the cavitation conducted on seven ships by means of TV cameras coordinated with stroboscopes, as well as the results of erosion model tests. Air injection into the incoming flow to the propeller--a technique tried recently on three new ships--seems to be a partially effective countermeasure.


Software refactoring has been extensively used to rectify the design flaws and improve software quality without affecting its observable behaviors. For a given code smell, it is common that there exist multiple refactoring solutions. However, it is challenging for developers to select the best one from such potential solutions. Consequently, a number of approaches have been proposed to facilitate the selection. Such approaches compare and select among alternative refactoring solutions based on their impact on metrics of source code. However, their impact on the traceability between source code and requirements is ignored although the importance of such traceability has been well recognized. To this end, we select among alternative refactoring solutions according to how they improve the traceability as well as source code design. To quantify the quality of traceability and source code design we leverage the use of entropy-based and traditional coupling and cohesion metrics respectively. We virtually apply alternative refactoring solutions and measure their effect on the traceability and source code design. The one leading to greatest improvement is recommended. The proposed approach has been evaluated on a well-known data set. The evaluation results suggest that on up to 71% of the cases, developers prefer our recommendation to the traditional recommendation based on code metrics.


A wind turbine tower comprising a number of sections, connected by bolted joints, whereby a bolted joint (1) comprises at least one connection of the bearing type and at least one connection of the slip resistant at serviceability type.


This is a case study of a high-value exporting fishery, which represents a pioneering case of selfgovernment developments within small-scale fishing communities in Chile. Despite entry restrictions and global catch quotas, this fishery faced a productivity crisis between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. In response the fishermen approached the Government on the concern of introducing new management rules. Today, after gradual evolution, a well-developed system of de facto individual non-transferable catch quotas exists, subject to a high degree of self-management by fishermen organisations. In order to understand the conditioning factors behind the exchange solutions adopted at this fishery, analysis is provided for the use of informal markets, interlinkage contracting and vertical control strategies between transacting parties along the production and marketing stages, the latter being characterised by concentrated wholesale brokerage.


Most of the current university rankings base on the academic system and lack the detailed classification. It is not that suitable for industry field to screen the universities for the potential corporation on research and development. In this paper, we adopt big data processing technology to form a structured process of university rankings based on the industrial system, with support on the massive literature data and the built industry thesaurus from our previsions study. It consists of four modules: resource download, text segmentation, data processing and result presentation. Results show that our new ranking can reach the precise divisions on subdivided industry, also in accord with other authoritative rankings in the similar divisions from both classifications. Our ranking can possibly help understand the research priorities of different universities in perspective, improve the efficiency of technology transfer from universities to industry and sketch the map of industry-university-research system.


or patient age, are some of the most complicated problems to treat, with the results often subject to relapse. Attempts to reduce mandibular development with headgear or chin cups1 have generally been unpredictable. Camouflage mechanics can be unstable due to subsequent spontaneous uprighting of the incisors or late mandibular growth. Consequently, successful Class III treatment frequently requires the early use of functional appliances2,3 or reverse-pull facemasks,4 in conjunction with rapid palatal expansion (RPE). The effectiveness of miniscrew-supported palatal expansion for Class III correction has recently been reported.5-7 Skeletal anchorage helps reduce the unintended buccal tipping of posterior teeth that often occurs with traditional expanders.8,9 Skeletally anchored facemasks have also been shown to produce more effective midface protraction,10 although the procedures are somewhat invasive. Baccetti and colleagues11,12 and others13-15 have described an effective combination of palatal expansion with maxillary protraction to enhance maxillary advancement. It seems likely that the addition of miniscrew anchorage would be beneficial in reducing adverse dental side effects14,15 and enhancing the skeletal effects of protraction and expansion. To that end, Dr. Wilmes has designed


•  What is the central question of this study? Recent evidence indicates that T‐type calcium channels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. We previously reported that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, reduced L‐type calcium channel expression in atrial fibrillation. The role of MIF in the regulation of atrial T‐type calcium channels has not been previously investigated. •  What is the main finding and its importance? In the present study, we report that MIF decreases the T‐type calcium current in atrium‐derived myocytes through impairment of channel function and activation of c‐Src kinases, representing a potential pathogenic mechanism in atrial fibrillation.


SummaryThe effects of environmental temperature and pH on 3 stages of spore germination in Ascosphaera apis were investigated. Activation and enlargement were independent of temperature within a range of 10 to 40°C, and 25 to 40°C, respectively. Germ-tube production was closely temperature-related, only occurring within the range 25 to 37°C, with an optimum between 31 and 35°C. All 3 stages were independent of pH within the range of pH 5 to 7·8 (equivalent to those found in larval haemolymph and gut contents). Lower pH's (equivalent to those found in honey, pollen, and brood food) drastically reduce enlargement and germ-tube production. A. apis appears to be a pathogen highly specialised for life in honeybee larvae.


Poroid species of wood-inhabiting fungi growing on spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai or Picea yezoensis (Sieb. Zucc.) Carriere) in Northeast China were investigated during 1993-2002, and 71 species were recorded from these trees or their wood. Skeletocutis lilacina A. David Jean Keller and Skeletocutis papyracea A. David are new to China. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr.) P. Karst., Onnia leporina (Fr.) H. Jahn, Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, Phaeolus sckweinitzii (Fr.:Fr.) Pat., Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilat) Y.C. Dai and Phellinus yamanoi (Imazeki) Parmasto are the pathogens on the two trees. Among the 71 species 18 species (ca. 25% of all species) are considered as rare species, 34 species (48% of all species) are the occasional species, and 19 species (27% of all species) are the common species.


Among the several significant issues in the disciplinary research between science and religion, this thesis concern about the theological reflection upon the modern scientific cosmology and belief in creation. Particularly this thesis focuses on the inflationary theory in Big Bang cosmology and the ...


Objective: To compare massage and stretching exercises; relaxation and imagination therapy; and a combination of these two interventions in bruxism.

Methods: Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to Group 1 (massage with stretching exercises, n=24), Group 2 (relaxation with imagination therapy, n=24) or Group 3 (two interventions combinate, n=24). The treatment lasted 6-week. Assessments were made before, after 6-week and two months. Muscle pain, pain threshold, maximum mandibular opening, anxiety, stress, depression, oral health, and sleep were established as outcome variables.

Results: After six weeks and two-month, significant improvements were observed in muscle pain, state anxiety, stress, depression, and sleep for three groups (p<0.05). In the comparison among the three groups, there were significant differences for the most outcomes with the higher improvement of Group 3 after 6-week and two months (p<0.05). Therefore, there is the superior effect of the combination of two physical therapy interventions in bruxism.


OBJECTIVE
To study the association between gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in exon 2 codon 119 (G-T) and exon 3 codon 432 (C-G) and the susceptibility to endometriosis.

METHODS
Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the gene polymorphisms in 55 cases of endometriosis and 45 cases of normal controls.

RESULTS
The frequencies of alleles G and T in codon 119 G/T of CYP1B1 gene showed a significant difference between the endometriosis group and the control group (P<0.05), with an odds ratio of 2.061. There was a significant difference in the frequencies of genotypes G/G, G/T and T/T between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type G/G, the susceptibility of endometriosis with genotypes T/T and G/T was 2.625 and 3.214 fold, respectively. In the population with combined genotypes of CYP1B1 codon 119 GT or GG-codon 432 CC, statistically significant difference was observed between cases and controls (GT+CC vs GG+CC, OR=2.976, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The gene polymorphisms of CYP1B1 in exon 2 codon 119 may be a genetic risky factor for endometriosis. The combination of CYP1B1 -GT and CYP1B1 -CC may act as a risky factor in the development of endometriosis.


Protoplast from Phellinus igniarius was irradiated by He-Ne laser.Five mutant strains which were JS1,JS2,JS3,JS4,JS5 were selected after three generations.The polysaccharide content was also increased.Results showed that esterase spectrogram of five mutant strains was changed by analysis of esterase isoenzyme electropheresis spectrogram,the mutant strains have good hereditary stability from generation to generation.After valuation of mutation rate,it proved that the positive mutation rate of mutation by He-Ne laser on Protoplast from Phellinus igniarius was higher,This irradiation method was suitable for Protoplast from Phellinus igniarius.


Objective To determine the percutaneous rate and in vitro drug release rule of new type Shangshi Zhitong Plaster(hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesive).Methods The content of brucine,strychnine,and Atropine sulphate in percutaneous reception fluid and release fluid were determined by HPLC,and the in vitro percutaneous rate and in vitro drug release rate were computed.Results The in vitro percutaneous permeation at a constant rate of brucine,strychnine,and atropine were 7.44%.h?1/2,10.53%.h?1/2,and 4.73%.h?1/2,and their in vitro release rates were 10.35%.h?1/2,18.13%.h?1/2,and 4.88%.h?1/2.Conclusion New type Shangshi Zhitong Plaster which were made of hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesive can be prepared as controlled release matrix system of skin permeation rate-limited type.


Scholarly attention to Colossians in the recent past has included attention to the nature of the Colossian heresy,1 the hymn to Christ in Col. 1:15-20,2 and the literary style of Colossians generally.3 Although rhetorical studies of Colossians have appeared, comprehensive rhetorical studies which consider the letter's invention, arrangement, and style have been few in number.4 The current article is an attempt to address the paucity of rhetorical analyses of the letter by examining the rhetorical elements in and considering the rhetorical function of the Col 2:6-15, which I maintain represents a complete rhetorical argument known as a thesis.5


Critical thinking under that name was inspired by pragmatic philosopher John Dewey (1910) and endorsed by analytic philosopher Max Black (1946). Dewey was revered by the progressive educators, who re-labeled his "reflective thinking" as "critical thinking," a name I believe they originated and that persists to the present (see Aiken (1942) for a mixture of both terms). Black (1946), insofar as I can determine, wrote the first college text including the words "critical thinking" in the title.


The formation of ultrafine grained steels is an area of intense research around the World. There are a number of methods to produce grain sizes of approximately 1 µm, ranging from extreme thermal and deformation cycles to more typical thermomechanical processes. This paper reviews the status of the production of ultrafine grained steels through relatively simple thermomechanical processing. It is shown that this requires deformation within the Ae3 to Ar3 temperature range for a given alloy. The formation of ultrafine ferrite involves a dynamic transformation of a significant volume fraction of the austenite to ferrite. This dynamic strain induced transformation arises from the introduction of additional intragranular nucleation sites. It is possible that the deformation also hinders the growth or coarsening of the ferrite and may also lead to dynamic recrystallization of the ferrite. The most likely commercial exploitation of ultrafine ferrite would appear to rely on the formation of a critical volume fraction of dynamic strain induced ferrite followed by controlled cooling to ensure this is maintained to room temperature and to also form other secondary phases, such as martensite, bainite and/or retained austenite to improve the formability.


The inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising method of treating diseases in which this process is involved, such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. During our continuing research on angiogenesis inhibitors, we have identified and synthesized several novel compounds with such activity, including epoxyquinols A and B, and azaspirene. Recently, we also isolated RK-805 (3) from the fungusNeosartorya sp. RK-805 is structurally similar to fumagillin (1) and TNP-470 (2), a synthetic derivative of fumagillin, which are both inhibitors of angiogenesis. Ovalicin (6) is another inhibitor


The measurement of poverty has two aspects. First, it is necessary to specify a poverty line, the threshold income below which one is considered poor, and which may reflect the socially accepted minimal standard of living. Second, the intensity of poverty suffered by those below the threshold income must be measured once the poverty line is specified. This paper deals with the second aspect, puts forward an indicator system to measure the poverty intensity, and analyses the poverty intensity of the poor urban population in Shanxi Province.


The Latin words genu and genus by the similarity of their form as well as by that of their equivalents in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., have often suggested the possibility of a relationship between them. In a note in the Wochenschrift f?2r klassische Philologie (XXXIV [1917], No. 16, cols. 377 f.) Wessely adds to our general store of information on the subject the fact that in Slavic we have two words, koleno and pokoleni, the former meaning either genu or genus, while the latter, itself a derivative of the former, is used to express one phase of genus "generation." These Slavic words are, of course, not etymologically connected with genu or genus. Wessely's suggestion therefore adds a very interesting and persuasive bit of evidence for the theory that genu and genus are related. But there still remains the question, Why should two ideas so far apart as those of "knee" and "generation" be expressed by the same word? Perhaps we have the key to the reason for this curious fact in our possession and need only to make the proper connection. In one of the Homeric Hymns (i. 115 f.), we have the following passage:


sp2 Nanocarbon materials have attracted great interests in recent years due to their superior electrical,thermal and mechanical properties.Such properties are highly desirable for forming high performance electrodes and,as a result,the materials have found wide applications in lithium ion batteries.This paper provides a state-ofthe-art review of the applications of sp 2 nanocarbons in lithium ion batteries.Particular attention is drawn on the use of sp 2 nanocarbon as a high-capacity anode material and a highly electrically conductive,structurally strong and even flexible framework in which other electrode materials(e.g.silicon and metal oxides)can be incorporated to form coaxial or core-shell composites.It is concluded that further understanding of lithium ion storage mechanisms in sp 2 nanocarbon,controllable and scalable synthesis of the material,and methodologies for constructing threedimensional sp 2 nanocarbon electrodes with a high performance are among the most important aspects for future research.


Background: Efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST) and historically high NRM reported make allogeneic HSCT in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) still a third line treatment. However, despite of a quick development of highly efficient targeted therapeutic antibodies alloHSCT still represents the only potentially curable treatment for several type of NHL. Introduction of reduced intensity conditioning regimens, amelioration of supportive care and graft-versus –host (GvHD) treatment lead to a global decreased of NRM rates, making use of alloHSCT much more attractive in a setting of relapse/refractory NHL. We report here the 20 years of Swiss experience in allo-HSCT for NHL. Materials and Methods : The study included 225 NHL pts who received 241 transplantation in tree University Hospitals of Switzerland (Zurich, Basel and Geneva) between September 1985 and April 2014, including CLL=72, DLBCL=50, MCL=33, 27=Follicular, 5=MZL, 6=Burkitt, 5= Lymphoplasmacytic, 16=T-cell, ALCL=4 and AITL= 12. All pts relapsed after the best conventional therapy available. Impact on OS, DFS, RI and NRM was assessed in univariate analysis for : i) year of transplantation: before and after 2000, ii) prior autoHSCT or allo-HSCT, iii) disease status at alloHSCT, including CR, PR, SD, PD iv) number of remission: 1 st vs >1 st v) Karnofsky index vi) donor type: identical siblings, MUD, MMUD, vii) HLA mismatch, if present viii) donor's age: >60 ix) stem cell source: BM vs PBSC x) conditioning type: RIC vs MAC xi ) TBI usage xii) acute GvHD xiii) chronic GvHD xiv ) T vs B-cell origin, xv) indolent vs aggressive NHL, xvi) NHL type. Results : Median follow up was 4 years (0.1-22.6 years). Pts median age was 44.5 (range, 19-66). Four years OS, DFS, RI and NRM were 59 ±7%, 55±7%, 35±8% and 25±6% respectively. Karnovsky st remission status at HSCT and prior SCT transplantation (auto or allo) were associated with both shorter OS p=0.002, 0.004 and 0.046 and worse DFS p=0.005, 0.002, and 0.038 respectively.The presence of aGvHD and TBI use as a part of conditioning were associated with longer DFS: p 80%, presence of aGvHD were also associated with decreased RI: p=0.003, p=0.09, p=0.005 and p Conclusions: Our analysis of mixed-type NHL cohort confirms efficacy of alloHSCT in heavily pretreated/refractory patients showing promising 4 years OS and acceptable NRM rate. Interestingly, OS was found to be independent of NHL type and disease condition (CR vs PR, PD or primary refractory disease). Patient's status according to Karnofsky index >80% and absence of heavy pretreatment were associated with better OS and DFS. Importantly, aGvHD was both associated with longer DFS but also higher NRM rates. However those results should be interpreted carefully due to the nature of the analysis (retrospective), the long period analysed, the heterogeneity of disease and conditioning regimen. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In an attempt to simplify antiretroviral regimens, several studies evaluated the use of either indinavir or nelfinavir in twice-daily dosing regimens. Results from a study testing nelfinavir at 750 mg and 1250 mg dosing levels are presented indicating some success with twice-daily therapy, particularly at the 1250 mg level. The indinavir study also shows successful viral load drops using twice-daily regimens. A twice-daily regimen might be considered for patients unable or unwilling to adhere to the thrice-daily regimen. However, long term follow-up studies are needed before switching to twice-daily therapy.