The modeling of compliant tube gratings has been performed with the help of the finite element method, using the ATILA code [Decarpigny et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1499–1507 (1985)]. To do this, only the unit cell of the periodic structure, including a small part of the surrounding fluid domain, has to be meshed, due to the use of a classical Bloch‐type relation between the displacement components of points that are separated by the grating spacing. Then, the effect of the external fluid domain is accounted for by matching the pressure field in the finite element domain to simple ingoing and outgoing plane‐wave expressions. This paper describes results obtained for the scattering of a plane wave from different compliant tube gratings, including internal losses, at oblique incidence. First, it shows that a nice agreement has been found between predictions from an analytical model and finite element results for the insertion loss of an infinite elastic plate, thus validating the method. Then it describe...


Introduction: Despite well-known cardiac benefits of regular physical activity, prescribing exercise therapy for patients with arrhythmias including Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachyc...


In view of an ongoing debate on the relevance of political parties in public policy formation, this article discusses capacities and limits of party control over public policy in advanced capitalist states. Due to a strong political–economic interdependence, parties, like any other relevant public or private actor, have only severely limited capacities to influence public policy formation. This, however, does not imply that parties do not matter. Rather, the 'parties do not matter' theories contain a misunderstanding of the role and the influence of parties. Parties still may have considerable capacities for imposing guidelines and restrictions on the policy process. These capacities, however, depend on conditions which are often difficult to be effected. As a result, the prospects of party government are rather ambivalent.


We provide a tool for communicating about insects in isiZulu to facilitate research and knowledge sharing in the fields of indigenous knowledge, cultural entomology, environmental education and community extension involving isiZulu speakers. A total of 213 different names for 64 insect specimens were encountered among a sample of 67 respondents in 11 communities distributed across the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This list includes 93 names that can be considered core isiZulu vocabulary and which are widely used to identify insects that are agriculturally, medically, domestically, culturally or ecologically common or significant. Substantial variation was found regarding the names for particular insects, especially between regions, suggesting dialectal differences between isiZulu speakers. Grammatical and social variation in names was also recorded. This study highlights interdisciplinary teamwork in the field of indigenous knowledge research and the influences affecting the standardisation of South African languages for technical and scientific work.


Method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device according to the embodiment, the step of forming a gallium nitride epitaxial layer on a first support substrate; Forming a second support substrate on the gallium nitride epitaxial layer; Forming a second passivation layer on the surface of the remaining region except for the first support substrate; Etching the first support substrate to the passivation layer as a mask; And a step of removing the passivation layer and exposed to the second support substrate and the gallium nitride epitaxial layer. Gallium nitride, gallium nitride semiconductor element


O2 (STPD) V~A (BTPS) (2) As is evident from equations 1 and 2,alveolar PCO2 and PO2 can only be maintained at constant levels during exercise if V~A changes in precise proportion to V~CO2 and V~O2 .A s V~ Ais common to both equations: 863 × V~CO2 PACO2 ← V~ A → 863 × V O2 PIO2 - PAO2 (3)


The third chapter explains the mechanisms for correcting anxiety-phobic states. For this, the changes occurring in the EEG patterns during the presentation of a painful stimulus and in the process of eliminating the pain sensation using the psychorelaxation technique in healthy individuals are considered; and these changes are compared with changes in EEG patterns during patients' feelings of psychogenic pain and during its removal using psycho-relaxation techniques. It has been shown that the mechanisms underlying the correction of psychogenic pain in anxiety-phobic states are associated with changes in the dynamics of successive EEG values and the degree of their multifractality. With successful correction in the process of psychorelaxation in persons with anxiety-phobic disorders, there is a transition to the values of multifractal parameters characteristic for healthy people.


SUMMARY This study investigates the effect of salinized soils of West Siberia and Altay on the yield of wheat, alfalfa and bromegrass. Sizable variation in wheat crop yield occurred due to heterogeneity of the soil cover and the soil salinization and solonetzicity. For improving the soil's productive capacity, it is imperative that the forage grasses occupy no less than 70% of the area under arable crop rotation. The low productivity of pasture grazelands needs to be improved by salinity management practices.


The present invention discloses a printing head of an ink jet printer for adjusting means (1), the adjustment means comprises a printhead adjustment adapter (4) and a print head (3), the print head having a X-Y plane extending on a print side (6). The adjustment of the adapter (4) comprising a holding device and in which a fixed end (9) of receiving the print head (3) is adjustable in the X-Y plane (20). The printhead (3) is a mobile terminal (8) is mounted on the adjustment of the adapter (4) so as to be slidable in the X-direction and perpendicular to a rotational axis to an X-Y plane of the surrounding.


The review summarizes the mechanical and thermal properties of numerous studies carried out for the property enhancements of commercially relevant thermosetting materials like epoxy, poly-urethane, natural rubber, melamine formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, silicones, vinyl ester, cyanate ester, and unsaturated polyester resin. Redox- and pH-responsive nanogels are synthesized in water-in-oil miniemulsion by oxidation induced cross-linking of thiol-modifi ed poly(aspartic acid). Drugs can be entrapped in the gel network during preparation and released in reducing environment due to the cleavage of disulphide bonds. This feature could be benefi cial in cancer therapy exploiting the reducing environment of cancer cells. Solar light responsive polymer composites which can change their shape according to the variation in sunlight power density are achieved. The incorporation of Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 into crosslinked poly[ethylene- ran -(vinyl acetate)] gener-ates good photothermal property, dual shape-memory, temperature-memory, and reversible shape-memory effects. The prepared materials have potential applica-tions in sunlight-adaptive instruments, such as the demonstrated circuit switch. the a method about gener-ating poly uniform gradual is By the of polymer solution, and petal-like PLLA nanosheets can be conven-iently obtained, which can further form porous materials with tunable properties. Xylan- graft -PEG, as a biodegradable moisture-absorption/retention material , is prepared in [Amim]Cl with 4,4-diphe-nylmethane diisocyanate coupling agent. The maximum moisture-absorption/reten-tion ratio of xylan- graft -PEG at RH 81 and 43% after 96 h is ≈ 39%/47% and 37%/43%, respectively. The biodegradability and cytotoxicity studies illustrate the possi-bility of applying xylan- graft -PEG as envi-ronmentally friendly moisture-absorption/ retention biomaterial. This study develops a novel and facile yet less variable method of measuring crosslinking density in poly(ester amide) thermoset elastomers. It would poten-tially guide the consistent synthesis of poly(ester amide)-based thermoset elastomers with desired crosslinking density to control their mechanical and degradation properties. A polymeric mechanical skin model is developed and validated based on a thor-ough mechanical study of human and por-cine skin samples. This skin model serves as a benchmark to study the mechanical interactions between skin and microneedles (tiny needle-like structures used in targeted drug delivery and biosensing) during microneedle insertion. Interfacial crystallization of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene on boron nitride ( platelets under ow-crystallization conditions. Experi-mental Raman and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis evidence suggests polymer drawing assists exfoliation of BN during drawing.


To observe the influence of "Yiqi Yangyin Huatan Decoction" on the immunity in the old with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),33 cases were treated with this Decoction for 6 months.The T subsets,immunoglobulin and cytocine were observed before treatment,30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment;and 30 normal people were observed as control.Results:before treatment,CD 3 +,CD 4 +,CD 4 +/CD 8 +,IgG,IgA,IgM,IL-2 were lower in patients than in normal people;CD8 and TNF-α were higher than in patients than in normal people.3 months and 6 months after treatment,the above indexes restored to the normal.


A comparative study of the conventional Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and a new modified cold (MC) stain was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of this staining method in sputum examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB). The MC technique was simplified by avoiding the need for heat and combining the stage of counterstaining to overcome the problem aerosolized phenol and the more laborious heating method. Of the 392 sputum samples examined, 84 were positive and 297 were negative on both staining techniques, with an agreement of 97.2%. In comparison with culture as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the ZN stain exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and efficiency of 68.9, 97.4, 92.1, 87.8 and 88.8%, respectively. The same values for the MC stain were 70.6, 97.8, 93.3, 88.4 and 89.5%, respectively with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the 2 methods. The MC stain was also as reliable as the ZN stain in retaining the color of the stained slide after prolonged storage; an agreement with the first reading was 90% after 4 weeks storage and 80% after 16 weeks storage. The staining reagents had a long shelf life; with agreement between both staining methods of 100% at every time of re-stocking aliquots. To apply this new MC stain for future use at the peripheral level of the health care system, we made a survey by using questionnaires sent to 200 hospitals. Most of the respondants also accepted that the MC stain was easier to perform, more comfortable and much less expensive than the ZN stain. Together, these factors make the MC stain suitable for use as a practical and rapid sputum staining test for screening for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and for assessment of their treatment.


Evidence of Duck Activity Induce Anatomical Structure Change and Lodging Resistance of Rice Plant Jia-En Zhang a , Guo-Ming Quan a , Zhao-Xiang Huang a , Shi-Ming Luo a & Ying Ouyang b a Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R., China b USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA Accepted author version posted online: 21 Feb 2013.


This paper interrogates the nature of protest literature as well as their issues and problems while addressing the discourse on apartheid South Africa underlined the politics. In this paper, I explore the connection of banned books of history with the present time. In South Africa: the numbers of the books banned, and these books never become part of a literary form. As a result, it also claims to the Censorship Act (have an authority to ban the books). This paper relates to examine the relationship between these two major research queries, which underpins as under two contexts as: (i) Protest literature and (ii) Racial discrimination. The racial discrimination needs for understanding the problems and struggle in South African. It also ignites to the fight for human rights of the people, who suffer from inequality and struggling for their identity crisis. South African novels represent the problems and concerns of people who belong to the marginal group. However, this paper focuses on South African protest literature, which demands to the end of racial discrimination, unequal educational system and segregation as divided land policy represents through the discourses. This paper has significant to demand for equality and justice through the protest literature also it demands of non-racial society as well. I come to conclude, it can be inferred in apartheid and the post-apartheid government failed to give equal rights to all.


The true substrate of NPC1 is controversial and not fully understood at the current time. In this presentation, we provide experimental evidence to support a novel functional role for NPC1, which involves the intracellular trafficking of amine-containing molecules. Specifically, we propose that NPC1 has the ability to sense when lysosomes become markedly concentrated with these molecules, which leads to the formation of a hybrid organelle capable of facilitating their cellular release. We demonstrate that the hybrid organelle originates from a heterotypic fusion event involving lysosomes with late endosomes. The hybrid organelle is unique in that is capable of significant expansion, referred to as vacuolization, the function of which is presumed to quickly dissipate osmotic pressure associated with the highly concentrated amine. The hybrid organelle subsequently facilitates the release of the lysosomal cargo to the plasma membrane. To better understand this specific trafficking event we employed a pulse-chase technique to localize [H]dextran to lysosomes and monitored secretion to the extracellular space as a function of time. It is well known that NPC1 is required for the efficient release of multiple lysosomal cargo relative to cells with mutated NPC1. Conversely, agents have been identified that can cause a NP-C disease phenotype by apparently inhibiting these secretion events; however, to our knowledge, no one has previously shown that NPC1 function in this secretion event could be stimulated, which, in turn, may provide insight into the true substrate of the protein. Using this secretion assay we revealed that certain amines were able to significantly increase the secretion of lysosomal dextran above untreated normal cells; whereas the same amines had no influence on cells without functional NPC1, ruling out a nonspecific influence. Furthermore, the relatively short exposure time required for the aforementioned stimulation rules out the possibility of NPC1 up-regulation as a cause. The stimulation appeared to be concentration dependent and was limited to those amines that were subject to extensive accumulation into lysosomes. These results provide an important foundation for future studies aimed at the identification of the true functional role and subsrates for this intriguing protein. 1. Neufeld EB, Wastney M, Patel S, Suresh S, Cooney AM, Dwyer NK, Roff CF, Ohno K, Morris JA, Carstea ED, Incardona JP, Strauss JF, 3rd, Vanier MT, Patterson MC, Brady RO, Pentchev PG, Blanchette-Mackie EJ 1999. The Niemann-Pick C1 protein resides in a vesicular compartment linked to retrograde transport of multiple lysosomal cargo. J Biol Chem 274(14):9627-9635. 2. Roff CF, Goldin E, Comly ME, Cooney A, Brown A, Vanier MT, Miller SP, Brady RO, Pentchev PG 1991. Type C Niemann-Pick disease: use of hydrophobic amines to study defective cholesterol transport. Dev Neurosci 13(4-5):315-319.


Monitoring low frequency and long period ground motions is important to investigate the motion mechanism under deep ground and helps to understand earthquake occurrence, where the signal processing techniques and numerical optimization have played a fundamental role in detecting seismic information from the seismograms. In this paper an extended spectral analysis based algorithm is presented to estimate the travel time difference of seismic waves for epicenter location. The spectra of the seismograms are calculated through a fast algorithm, and the difference of travel time between a reference position and the seismographic stations is given by an optimization algorithm in the frequency domain. Furthermore, a GA based estimation algorithm is used for epicenter location. The new approach is more efficient than the existing time domain methods, and can compensate the discretization error caused by low sampling rate. Its performance is demonstrated through some numerical examples, and it is shown that the proposed algorithm is applicable to the analysis of low frequency seismograms.


This paper provides an overview of IoT technologies, highlighting those most appropriate from a pedagogical and budgetary perspective; a survey of existing IoT courses; and details a 14-week, project-based Internet of Things (IoT) course suitable for sophomore-to-junior level undergraduates.


This paper presents a novel character detector of intelligent electric bicycle based on ATmega 16 SCM,including the main circuit and control theory,the design of each module and flow chart of procedures.The experimental results confirmed that the program can well detect the relevant parameters of the charge.


Mathematical morphology is widely used in the area of signal and image analysis. It has enormous applications in detection of weak targets, object recognition and feature extraction, edge detection, image enhancement and many more. However, its use has long been hampered by its algorithmic complexity as the size of the structuring element or image grows. With the trend toward larger images and proportionally larger structuring element, the need for a fast and more efficient morphological processing algorithms become pressing. The performance of morphological processing algorithm can be speedup using AltiVec vetor processing unit. But the AltiVec programmers are frequently disappointed to discover that their AltiVec code is not much faster than their pre-existing scalar code. In some cases it may even be slower. In this correspondence, a new, simple yet much faster vectorized algorithm using AltiVec exhibiting constant-time complexity is described and analyzed. It is compared against the scalar version of the algorithm and other implementations. The proposed vectorized constant-time gray-scale morphological processing algorithm using AltiVec outperforms the 2-D naïve implementation, IXLib-AV library based implementation and the scalar version of constant-time morphological processing algorithm. It also exhibits the run time complexity independent of size of structuring element.


Background: Liver fibrosis is a reversible scarring response that occurs in almost all patients with chronic liver injury.Liver fibrosis may progress to liver cirrhosis, the end -stage liver disease, which has been a globally increasing major health problem with high mortality and morbidity rates in the past twenty years . Aim : This study aimed at detection of the effects of both Garlic and Rosemary extracts as natural sources on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced rat liver fibrosis. Materials and methods: This experi mental study was carried out on 48 adult male albi no rats that were classified in to five groups(A-B-C-D-E) each group contain ten rats except group (B)contained eight rats. Group (A) is a control group did not receive any medication, group (B) receive d Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) only,group (C) receive d (CCL4) and Garlic extract,group (D) receive d (CCL4) and Rosemary extract and group (E) receive d (CCL4) with both Garlic and Rosemary extracts. This work was carried ou t d ring the period from July 2013 to Ju ly 2014. Results: Livers harvested from rats treated with Garlic extract and rats treated with Rosemary extract revealed marked reduction in both the inflammatory reactions and degenerative changes,as well , r duction of fibrosis.R ats treated with both Garlic and Rosemary extracts revealed mild or niether reduction of inflammation nor fibrosis. microvesicular steatosis was noticed in Rosemary treated group (D). Conclusion:Both Garlic and rosemary extracts administration with CCL4 significantly ameliora te ll necroinflammatory and fibrotic changes in liver tissues when used individually.Thier protective effect was reduced when they were combined together .


The authors wish to retract the article titled "NRH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 and NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Protect Tumor Suppressor p53 against 20S ProteasomalDegradation Leading to Stabilization andActivation of p53," whichwas published in the June 1, 2007, issue of Cancer Research (1). As a result of an error, the p53 and NQO2 panels in Fig. 6A were reused from Fig. 3B of the article titled "Lower induction of p53 and decreased apoptosis in NQO1-null mice lead to increased sensitivity to chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis" by Iskander and colleagues (2).


Nowadays, more than ever before, the companies are under the watchful eye of the stakeholders. However much energy, effort and also expertise a company brings in order to bear on the risks of the unethical behavior, many surveys have proved that fraud, bribery and also corruption are unlikely to completely disappear. In order to prevent an unethical behavior, companies must be able to identify, investigate and also remediate actions of different individuals who are prepared not to comply with the ethical principles. Ethics is an important aspect formalised through a Code of Conduct within companies, which has the role to articulate the core values and also employees' behavioural expectations. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that the personnel follows this code, otherwise it is informed about the penalties that might arise. Ethics is characterized also by transparency, supporting an increase in the trust of people and institutions.


for a previously published book that has made a substantial and continuing contribution. McClain has served as president of the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA), the Southern Political Science Association (SPSA), and the National Conference of Black Political Scientists. She has also been vice president of APSA, MPSA, and SPSA, as well as program chair or cochair for the annual meetings of all three organizations. She was also a vice president and program cochair for the 2003 International Political Science Association World Congress. In 2014, McClain was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Her numerous honors include the Duke University Blue Ribbon Diversity Award (2012), the Graduate School Mentoring Award (2010), the Frank J. Goodnow Award for contributions to the profession of political science (2007), a Meta Mentoring Award from the Women's Caucus for Political Science of the APSA (2007), the Manning Dauer Award from SPSA (2015), and the Midwest Women's Caucus of Political Science Outstanding Professional Achievement Award (2017). Statement of Views: If elected president, I would bring to APSA my longstanding commitment to diversifying our discipline. For instance, I have worked to help push race, ethnicity, and politics into the mainstream of our discipline because those areas of research reveal much about the historical and current environment and politics of the United States. Similarly, every subfield contributes important research topics and questions, so no area and its scholars should be considered on the margins. As political scientists, we must also be catholic in our methodological approaches, so as not to privilege one approach or technique over others. This approach is important for the vibrancy of the discipline writ-large.


We investigated the influence of externally applied electric fields on excitonic photoluminescence in GaAs. Direct experimental proof is obtained for impact ionization of free and bound excitons which was previously assumed from indirect evidence.


This article describes the results of a study based on the importance of character education for the younger generation, especially children. This is due to the fact that the character of the nation is decreasing. For this reason, a research was conducted which aimed to analyze the values of the characters found in the poem "Letter from Mother" by Asrul Sani and "Unknown Heroes" by Toto Sudarto Bachtiar. It is expected that the results of the research can be used by teachers to build the character of their students through classroom learning. This research is literature research with data collection techniques through literature study which contains both poems. Data collection tool using poetry study sheet. The source of this research is poetry and dictionary texts (Large Indonesian Dictionary), as well as experts. To maintain data validity, source triangulation techniques are used. The results showed the character values contained in the poem "Letter from Mother" and "Unknown Hero". Character values are implied in the poetry "Surat dari Ibu" by Asrul Sani and poetry"Unknown Heroes" by Toto Sudarto Bachtiar, namely: independent, nationalist and integrity


The personal care and hygiene industry, particularly the one dedicated to the production of detergents, generates, among other residues, water with a high concentration of nonylphenol (NP), which is a surfactant that has been classified as an emerging pollutant and reported as an endocrine disruptive chemical. In this study, the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent coupled to an electrochemical process (BDD anodes oxidation) induced elimination of 10% more NP with half the time required for the pure electrochemical process. The integrated process allowed removing 98% of this emerging pollutant. The consumption of energy by the studied integrated technology was low as compared to the electrochemical-ozonation integrated process, showing a reduction in the operational cost and making the proposed process a viable option for the treatment of this kind of waste water.


The ground X̃E vibrations of the methoxy radical have intrigued both experimentalists and theorists alike due to the presence of a conical intersection at the C3v molecular geometry. This conical intersection causes methoxy's vibrational spectrum to be strongly influenced by Jahn-Teller vibronic coupling which leads to large amplitude vibrations and extensive mixing of the two lowest electronic states. This coupling combined with spin-orbit and Fermi couplings greatly complicates the assignments of states. Using the potential force field and calculated spectra of Nagesh and Sibert, we assign quantum


BACKGROUND: Although the Image Quality (IQ) indices calculated by objective Model observers contains more favourable characteristics compared to Figure Of Merits (FOM) derived from the more common ...


EnglishThe emancipation movement of people with disabilities went through several phases, starting with exclusion, then segregation, social integration, and finally social inclusion. The central idea of this work is, after going through the historical phases, up to the current model of social inclusion, to demonstrate the evolution achieved in Brazil with the new Law on the Inclusion of People with Disabilities, also called the Statute of People with Disabilities (Law 13.146/2015). We adopted documentary and bibliographic research and historical-comparative analysis. Thus, it is presented how several of the rights provided for in the law effectively turn inclusion into something concrete, so that effectively all barriers that prevent the interaction of people with disabilities with the whole of society can be broken. portuguesO movimento de emancipacao das pessoas com deficiencia passou por diversas fa-ses, comecando pela exclusao, depois segregacao, integracao social e, por fim, inclusao social. A ideia central deste trabalho e, apos percorrer as fases historicas, chegar ao atual modelo de inclusao social, demonstrando a evolucao conquistada pelo Brasil com a edicao da nova Lei de Inclusao das Pessoas com Deficiencia, tambem chamada de Estatuto das Pessoas com Deficien-cia (Lei no 13.146/2015). Destacou-se que diversos dos direitos previstos nesta Lei possibilitam a realizacao da inclusao de maneira concreta, a fim de que efetivamente se rompam todas as barreiras que impedem a interacao das pessoas com deficiencia a sociedade global.


of the Clinical Problem Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes superficial and deep vein thrombosis of the leg or pelvis and pulmonary embolism (PE).1 VTE affects an estimated 600 000 people in the US, with approximately 60 000 to 100 000 people dying from VTE and PE annually.2 Despite its prevalence, 25% to 40% of all VTE events are idiopathic, making diagnosis and prevention difficult.1


Prostitution is a negative social phenomenon that is present in all stages of development of human civilization. As such, it appeared in various intensities and forms, causing serious psychological, moral and legal consequences. From the ancient period to the present day, prostitution has survived, but the view of it has varied in different historical periods. Prostitution is inextricably linked to young people and as a deviant behavior has justifiably provoked negative reactions from society. The aim of this paper is to present the attitude towards prostitution in different state and social systems, from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times, through different historical epochs. Having in mind the negative impact and deviance of prostitution, as well as its negative impact on young people, a special chapter deals with the role of youth safety culture in prostitution prevention, and especially the importance and stability of the family in educating and raising healthy young people with normal moral attitudes and principles.


Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder paste and Sn-3.2Ag-0.5Cu solder balls were reflowed simultaneously on Cu/Ni/Au metallized ball grid array (BGA) substrates. The correlation between microstructural evolution and the electrical resistance of the joints under various testing conditions of reflow cycles and heat treatment was investigated. The electrical resistance of the Sn-Ag-Cu joints without Sn-Zn-Bi was also conducted for comparison. The average resistance values of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu/Sn-Zn-Bi samples changed, respectively, from 7.1 (single reflow) to 7.3 (10 cycles) mO and from 7.2 (single reflow) to 7.6 (10 cycles) mO. Furthermore, the average resistance values of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu/Sn-Zn-Bi samples changed, respectively, from 7.1 (aging 0 h) to 7.8 (aging 1000 h) mO and from 7.2 (aging 0 h) to 7.9 (aging 1000 h) mO. It was also noticeable that the average resistance values of Sn-Ag-Cu/Sn-Zn-Bi samples were higher than those of Sn-Ag-Cu samples in each specified testing condition. The possible reasons for the greater resistance exhibited by the Sn-Zn-Bi incorporated joints were discussed.


King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia email@example.com e purpose of this study was to recognise the perceptions of undergraduate students in diff erent levels of the English department as to their readiness to accept e-learning as the dominant learning paradigm at King Khalid University (KKU), by probing the opinions of a sample of the EFL students. Descriptive research, involving a survey and in-depth interviews, was utilised to recognise and analyse teachers and students' perceptions of their attitudes towards e-learning, their readiness to accept it, and the factors facilitating or inhibiting e-learning. Recognition of these factors for building and applying the instruments in this study was done based on an extensive review of pertinent literature, outlining the important models and theories underlying technology acceptance paradigms in education. Findings have demonstrated that informants in this study have identifi ed the facilitators and inhibitors of e-learning previously recognised in prior research. ey also showed that students are ready to accept technology implementation and to shift to an e-learning model of education.


Fabric handle durability and shape retention during wear of men's summer suits were evaluated under both wear and simulation conditions, using the objective eval uation methods of handle and garment appearance based on the mechanical properties measured by the KES-FB. The simulation test was performed using the KES-F5 fatigue test machine. Shape retention during wear of a suit jacket tailored from fabric with a total appearance value ( TAV ) of 4.39 was superior to that of a jacket tailored from fabric with a TAV of 2.15. The decrease in the TAVs after the simulation test was less for those fabrics having a high TAV than those with a rather low TAV. The TAV of the fabrics can be used to characterize the appearance of a suit after wear. For the wool and wool/mohair blend fabrics, there was a linear relationship between the decrease in the total hand value after the simulation test and the increase in fabric hysteresis at low levels of shear strain (2HG) measured after the deformation test of 104 cycles along the weft direction. The fabrics with good handle durability showed a small increase in 2HG in the deformation test of 104 cycles.


Investigations of apple replant failure in the Granite Belt suggested that the problem had a complex etiology. Soil fertility was an important factor because apple seedlings grew best in replant soils with high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Consistent improvements in the growth of apple seedlings were obtained when typical orchard soils were treated with fenamiphos, confirming that lesion nematode was also an important component of the disease complex. Pratylenchus penetrans had been recognised as a pathogen of apples, and pathogenicity tests showed that P. jordanensis, another species widely distributed in the Granite Belt, had similar effects. Growth responses of apple seedlings were greater when soil was pasteurised than when it was treated with fenamiphos, suggesting that root pathogens other than nematodes were involved in apple replant failure. However, the primary cause probably differed between orchards because soils did not respond in the same manner to pasteurisation and nematicide treatments. Pathogenicity tests with 14 bacteria associated with apple roots showed no effect on the growth of apple seedlings. However, Fusarium tricinctum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, and Pythium sp. were implicated in the problem because they were consistently recovered from discoloured roots. In a factorial experiment involving nematodes and fungi in pots, P. jordanensis, P. penetrans, E. tricinctum, and C. destructans reduced the dry weight of apple roots but there was no interaction between nematodes and fungi.


The spectra of three dimensional wind loads on the model of Wuhan International Stock Building is investigated in a boundary layer wind tunnel when the wind direction varies from 180° to 270°.Based on the experiment investigation,the law varying with wind directions of three dimensional wind load spectrum and its mechanism are analyzed,and some conclusions are obtained.Wind induced maximal accelerations at the highest inhabitancy floor are analyzed as wind direction varies and the effects of wind direction to acceleration response of the building are obtained.


Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common and disabling inflammatory myopathy above age 50 years, with seemingly increasing prevalence and complex pathogenesis.1,2 Cytotoxic-perforin-secreting CD8+ cells clonally expand in situ, invading healthy-appearing major histocompatibility complex class I–expressing muscle fibers; cytokines, costimulatory, and adhesion molecules are upregulated; and B cells are expanded with antibody production. Degenerative features are concurrently prominent, highlighted by autophagic vacuoles and accumulation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-β42, p62, and TDP43.1,2 Proinflammatory cytokines enhance myocyte cell stress, which is specifically linked to amyloid-related protein misfolding.1,3


Changes in viscosity and amounts of sulfhydryl groups of soy bean milk(protein, 4.8%)by heating were investigated. The heated milk was ultrasonicated at room temperature to clarify the effects of ultrasonication on the aggregation of soy bean proteins. The results obtained were as follows: 1)When the milk was heated in 90°C bath, amounts of sulfhydryl groups increased within 1 min., and decreased after 2 min., showing decrease of 7S proteins. Viscosity of the milk increased at the same time. But the viscosity of the milk masked with N-ethylmaleimide(NEM) increased more rapidly during heating for 8 min. The existence of sulfhydryl group was assumed to be not necessary for the aggregation of the protein. 2)Soy bean milk was heated in water bath(90°C)to reach 80-85°C and ultrasonicated after cooling. Viscosity of the milk decreased within 30 sec., and the amounts of sulfhydryl groups increased rapidly. By the ultrasonication, decomposition of a component of 11S proteins was observed which lead to decrease of the viscosity and increase of the sulfhydryl groups. These results were confirmed by a successive


BrMedJ 1989;298:1494 the bottom of the social scale, which may partially explain our results. The high incidence of scalds and fat burns among Asian children relates to different methods of cooking in Asian households, especially the use of ghee (clarified butter) and many dishes (hence many vessels) in Asian meals. Asian homes tend to have many relatives present at mealtimes and, as Asian women traditionally supervise both children and cooking, accidents happen more easily. Small overcrowded kitchens are less safe for children than open air cooking in a village back yard. Learmonth found that burns and scalds were common in rural communities in India.' The principal contributory factors were lack of supervision of children, dangerous cooking practices, and flowing


The author treats of the Jefferson's Law of the Primate City as seen from several different viewpoints. He has studied 264 world areas (states, islands, etc) and has focused his attention especially on the primate and next-to-primate cities. He has been also interested in the distances between these cities, which was studied for the first time in this correlation.


Because of the sensitivity of alpine glaciers to climate changes it is very important to monitor this glaciers in a systematic way and for a long time. In Austria, the first complete glacier inventory was compiled from aerial photography taken in 1969. This inventory contains the original aerial photographs, glacier maps (including elevation contour lines, spot heights, glacier boundaries, snowlines and moraines) in the scale of 1:10000. Various glacier parameters were deduced by graphical methods. In 1969, 918 glaciers existed in Austria, which covered a total area of 540 ± 10 km². Since then, significant changes in glaciated areas have taken place in the Alps. In order to document and investigate these changes a new glacier inventory was initiated. Aerial photographic surveys have been carried out in 1996 -1999. The digital photogrammetric analysis and the glaciological interpretation are in process. The basic results contained in the new glacier inventory are presented as digital data: digital elevation models (DEM), glacier objects and digital ortho-images. The analysis for the inventory is carried out using modern GIS technology. The digital elevation model is the central part of the work-flow for the digital glacier inventory. Output from the production flow is the maximum, minimum and mean elevation of the glacier, the total area and the area of the glacier for individual elevation bands. Also the differences between the two glacier surfaces from the old and the new glacier inventory are calculated. For each elevation band the area difference, the mean height difference and the difference in volume will be determined. These results later will be the basis for detailed investigations of the climate related reactions of the Austrian glaciers during the last 35 years.


Background behcet disease MB is a systemic inflammatory disease whose common histopathological substratum is a vasculitis that can reach all vessels. Neurological impairment is one of the diagnostic criteria for MB. A serious condition affects the functional and vital prognosis. Objectives The aim of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of patients with BD with neurological involvement. Methods This was a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive study of NB from the adult population collected from a population of 150 patients monitored for MB. The study was conducted in the Neurology and Internal Medicine departments over a period of 19 years, from January 1997 to December 2015. Patients meeting the criteria of the international Study Group of the MB of 1990, those of the criteria of the International Criteria for Behcet Disease (ICBD) and the diagnostic criteria of Neuro-behcet defined proposed by the international consensus of experts of 2014. Results We collect 35 patients. The gender ration was at 6 with 30 men for 5 women. The mean age of our population was 34+- 1.92 years. The neurological manifestations had inaugurated the MB in 55% of the cases. Ninety-four percent of patients had central nervous system involvement, while two patients had peripheral polyradiculoneuritis. Central involvement was parenchymal in 85% of cases, nonparenchymatous in 3% of cases and lixed in 6% of cases. Cerebral imaging showed predominant demyelinating lesions in periventricular and brain stem in 15 patients, a peudo-tumor appearance in 3 patients, and vascular lesions with arterial aneurysm and cerebral thrombophlebitis in 2 patients. Therapeutically, all patients received corticosteroid therapy with immunosuppressive therapy for 15 patients. Three patients had received an immunomodulatory treatment of anti-TNF a Type. The evolution was by push in 60% of cases, primary progressive in 20% of cases and secondarily progressive in the rest of the cases. Three-quarters of patients with parenchymal brain injury had a favorable outcome. The Outcome was unfavorable in all patients with diffuse disease, brain stem damage, spinal cord injury, angio-behavior, polyradiculoneuropathy and mixed impairment. The change in visual impairment (NORB) was favorable in one case in two. Conclusion Neurological manifestations of MB are serious complications, and are typically poor prognosis both on a vital and functional level. Mortality remains high and neurological sequelae (motor and neuropsychological) are heavy. The prognosis in all the worse because the treatment is instituted late, hence the interest of an early and well conducted treatment Disclosure of Interests None declared


The pomegranate husk extract is modified by formaldehyde and diethylamine, the products have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for Q235A steel used in oil fields. The inhibition efficiency of products have been measured by weight loss method with the concentration range from 10 mg/L to 1,000 mg/L in 1wt% HCl at different temperture. The inhibition efficiency of the modification product shows good inhibition efficiency after modified by formaldehyde and diethylamine, which is up to 89.31% at 60°C. The inhibitory effect of modification products is in accord with Langmuir adsorption equation.


Automatic text summarization (ATS) has become very popular among researchers because it involves generating a smaller subset of text from the main text. This subset represents the text's entire and main idea. Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning are critical applications of ATS. Summarizations are classified into two types based on how they are generated: extractive and abstractive. In this project, we have implemented the Hindi text summarization, on which very little work has been done to date. It is a field where work can be proven helpful to the community if it is carried out. A machine learning model has been trained and tested through around 100,000 data entries so that it gives out very accurate summaries and, in turn, is very useful to society. The F-Score of the model is 58%, and the Rouge Score is 67.5%. Hence, we can consider that our model is decently accurate. Different libraries, like Pandas, NumPy, sklearn, etc., are used to develop the source code. The data model is trained using LSTM, word embedding, and seq2seq.


Despite a long‐time effort, at least since 1963, to enlarge the base of knowledge utilization in Educational Administration by drawing humanities content into preparation programs for school administration, only modest progress has been made toward this end. A two‐fold explanation is offered. Most notably, it is argued, the practical value of the humanities in Educational Administration has not been projected persuasively in the discourse. The article herewith means to alter this condition and to generate a fresh momentum for blending humanities content with theoretical ideas which are central to school organization and administration.


A series of fluid flow and heat transfer experiments was conducted for annular gas-liquid mixtures at reduced gravity aboard NASA's KC-135 aircraft. Air and two liquids, water and 50% aqueous glycerine, were used to produce a range of liquid Reynolds numbers from 1.4 x 10 to 1.4 x 10 in a 25.4-mm-i.d. tube. Pressure drop measurements compare reasonably well with the Lockhart and Martinelli and Wallis correlations. Film thickness measurements compare reasonably well with correlations derived from ground-based vertical annular flow data. The asymptotic Nusselt numbers for 50% glycerine compare well with a turbulent flat-film model, whereas the model overpredicts the water data. For both fluids at higher Reynolds numbers, the asymptotic Nusselt numbers follow a common dependence on Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, Nu = ARe"Pr.


Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world today, second only to water, well ahead of coffee, beer, wine and carbonated soft drinks. The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is a member of the Theaceae family and black, oolong, white and green tea are produced from its leaf and buds. Tea beverage is an infusion of the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis. The present study aims to screen the phytochemicals screening, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenolic compound extracted from Camellia sinensis bud extract. The qualitative phytochemical results revealed the presence of important phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The C. sinensis buds could be a rich source of antioxidants. The extract showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Total phenolic content of the bud's extract was found to be 123 mg/GAE. The extract possesses a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.


Semantic Relation Extraction is the task of retrieving information about entities and Anaphora Resolution is the task of linking expressions referring to entities in text. In this paper we use Anaphora Resolution to increase the number of information about entities in order to improve the performance of Semantic Relation Extraction in Italian. We developed three relation extraction systems, based on three different extraction techniques, and we run our systems on the dataset, first without using the Anaphora Resolution system and then using it. Results show that there is a qualitative and quantitiative improvement of the relations extracted.


Objective:To investigate the expression of Ki67 in the breast cancer tissue and its correlation with C-erbB-2、ER、PR and P53.Methods:The expression of Ki67、C-erbB-2、ER、PR and P53 in 133 cases of breast cancer were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results: The result indicates that the total positive rate of Ki67 in breast cancer issue is 78.2%.The expression of Ki67 has significant correlation with tumor size and clinical stages(P0.05),but not with the patients' age or axillary lymph node metastasis(P0.05).The expression strength of Ki67 has positive correlation with that of C-erbB-2 and P53(γ0.172 and 0.280 respectively,P0.05),and it negatively correlates with the expression strength of ER(γ-0.193,P0.05).And there is no significant correlation between the expression strength of Ki67 and that of PR(γ-0.007,P0.05).Conclusions: The expression of ki67 is related with the occurrence and progression of breast cancer.And it can determine the progrosis of breast cancer.


Abstract Capybaras, (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are large, herbivorous New World hystricomorphs, common in the seasonally flooded savannas of tropical and subtropical South America. In this paper we review the social structure and dynamics of capybaras across much of their geographic range. Wherever they have been studied capybaras live in groups. Capybara groups are stable social units composed of adult males and females (sex ratio biased toward females) with their young. A linear dominance hierarchy characterizes interactions among males, and the dominant male obtains most matings. Group sizes range from 6 to 16 adult members and vary with habitat characteristics and population density. At higher densities group sizes and the proportion of floaters (apparently unaffiliated animals; mostly males) increase. In 1 low-density location dispersal appears to occur in groups of both sexes, whereas in another location, where density is higher, males disperse and females are philopatric. We also discuss more conceptual issues (mostly proximate and ultimate mechanisms) that relate to intraspecific variation in social behavior in general, and capybaras in particular.


Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most commonly fatal nosocomial infection. Clinical diagnosis of VAP remains notoriously inaccurate. We tested the hypothesis that significantly augmented inflammatory markers distinguish VAP from conditions closely mimicking VAP. Methods A prospective, observational cohort study in two university hospital intensive care units recruiting 73 patients with clinically suspected VAP, and a semi-urban primary care practice recruiting a reference group of 21 age- and sex-matched volunteers. Growth of pathogens at >10 4 colony forming units/ml bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) distinguished VAP from 'non-VAP'. Inflammatory mediators were quantified in BALF and serum. Mediators showing significant differences between patients with and without VAP were analysed for diagnostic utility by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.


Substantial progress in plasma parameters, physics understanding, and stellarators/heliotron concept improvement has been made in the five years since a previous assessment of the field. This includes substantial achievements in higher plasma parameters and currentless plasma operation; new theoretical results with respect to higher beta limits, second stability region, effect of a helical axis, effect of electric fields on transport, and reduction of secondary currents; and improvements to the reactor concept. The key issues have been further refined, and the short-term direction of the program is clear; a number of new facilities that were designed to resolve these issues are about to come into operation or are in the final design stages. Details of the design of the next-generation experiments will follow from the results of the near-term experiments.


An image synthesizing device and an image synthesizing method are provided. If a controller (9) detects that a shutter button (41) is pressed, the controller instructs that a drive control part (2) executes continuous image capturing and generates continuous caputuring image and saves the images in an RAM (8)(step S103). Then a refernce image is chosen from the continuous caputuring images; and the image data of the chosen reference image and YUV image data of synthesized image of all the continuous caputuring image are temporally saved in the RAM (8)(step S106, S108). Then, accoridng to an absolute value of a difference value between a YUV image data of reference image of each pixel and a YUV image data of continuous capturing images, the bigget difference value of the continuous capturing images is made equal, a determining projection (M) of a moving object is generated for using as an alpha projection to synthesize the YUV image data of reference image and the YUV image data of a synthesized image processed after noise reduction processing.


Internal migration is one of the important spatial phenomena in urban areas that contributes to high level of urbanisation and urban growth. However, it has been known that high volume of internal migration without adequate planning and support creates urban problems. This issue has been recognised and acknowledged by previous researchers in the migration field. Thus, internal migration is the significant element in the urban planning process. Because of that, the understanding of trends and spatial distribution of migration in urban areas is needed for urban planners. Unfortunately, to date, there has not emerged any satisfactory approach that can be applied for the purpose. Besides that, migration data from census are also limited for urban planning requirements. Hence, this study aims to develop a proposed migration model for spatial modelling distribution of migration potential in urban areas for urban planning requirements. The Klang Valley region has been selected as the area of study in this research. This study has developed the Migration Potential Model (MGP) for spatial modelling distribution of migration potential in the Klang Valley. The development of the MGP model is based on the GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach framework and the model criteria (factors of migration decision-selectivity) are selected from the migration behavioural analysis. This study has also applied the Gini Index and Multiplicative Component Model. Overall results have shown that, the centres of migration potential in the Klang Valley for the present and future are in the outskirts of the metropolitan territory of Kuala Lumpur. The Kajang Municipal Council (MPKj) is expected to have the highest number of destinations for migration potential. Other Spatial Planning Units (SPUs) have the potential of being focused for migration potential but different in the degree of focus. In the future, trends and spatial distribution of migration potential in the Klang Valley are expected to be balanced. As a consequence from that, strategies of urban development planning in the Klang Valley in the future should be in line with the scenarios of trends and spatial distribution of migration potential in the area.


Nowadays, the uncertainty about the flight ticket price has become a major problem. Each service provider has their own set of regulations and ways for determining the prices. The airline, the date of travel, source, destination, route, duration, purchasing time, fuel price, etc. are few factors affecting the overall price of an airline ticket. So, it can be hard to guess the airline fares when we check it today compared to the other day. Technology can bring a solution through the implementation of Machine Learning techniques to deal with the uncertainty of future flight ticket prices by saving time and money of many customers. To Solve this problem this text proposes flight price prediction system using random forest which gives price prediction with 95% of accuracy. A customer centric application to predict the minimum flight ticket price is discussed in our proposed work.


That point of a material object or a system of objects that moves as if all the external forces were…


It is time for vigorous action, for the Proponents of general education to bring forth sound proposals — and produce results. We have been handed the tools: fiscal retrenchment, demands for quality, demands for excellence. We can create a commitment to general education that will influence our future.


In this paper the authors present the early findings of a pilot case which is being developed at the Port of Trieste in the frame of the EURIDICE Integrated Project. The pilot aims at demonstrating the applicability and benefits of the Intelligent Cargo approach in typical interactions of cargo with authorities and infrastructure operators. Applied to shipments of hazelnuts coming from Turkey, the EURIDICE infrastructure allows secure access along the route to the identity, the context, the location of goods and the related up-to-date information and to extend it with useful information-based services.


Ware on page 188 of his book, Information Visualization, Perception for Design [2000] describes the class of Glyph data visualizations as either integral or separable. Both types of display map data variables to two or more visual attributes of a single display object, or Glyph. An integral display maps data values to attributes that are perceived holistically, such as the length and width of an ellipse. A separable display maps data to graphical attributes that are perceived separately, such as the color and orientation of an ellipse.


The rate of transformation from helical to all-trans-planar polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at high pressures has been determined by monitoring the Raman spectra of PTFE following pressure jumps from the stability field of PTFE II to pressures between 9 and 14 kbar at temperatures between 0 and −30°C. The transformation kinetics can be described by Avrami's equation for nucleation and growth kinetics with an exponent of 0.5, although observations at lower temperatures suggest that even smaller values of the exponent may be appropriate. At 10 kbar and 0°C, the specific rate constant is 0.51 min−1/2. The energy and volume of activation are 11 kcal mole−1 and −7 cm3 mole−1, respectively. The values of these parameters suggest that the transformation mechanism involves propagation of helix reversal planes along the several adjacent chains leaving all-trans material in their wakes.


Organic petrology is an important tool used to characterize dispersed organic matter (DOM) in sediments and sedimentary rocks, and to assess its thermal maturity. This study was carried out on 33 cutting samples (Middle-Upper Jurassic) from the Ramalhal-1 well to characterize the particulate organic matter and to evaluate its thermal maturity. The samples were submitted to optical petrography analysis (reflected white and blue incident lights) and the mean random reflectance was measured. Microscopic observations revealed a low DOM content, characterized by the predominance of macerals of the inertinite group (including charcoal), followed by solid bitumen. Huminite/vitrinite is usually small in size and quantity. Liptinite macerals were also present, represented by sporinite, cutinite, liptodetrinite and rare bituminite. A type III-IV kerogen was defined for the Ramalhal-1 sequence. Huminite/vitrinite mean random reflectance varied between 0.38% and 0.75%, pointing to an immature-to-mature stage of the organic matter. Multi-populations of solid bitumen occurred in almost all the samples, filling voids and fractures in the inorganic materials (mainly carbonates). The bitumen populations were quite heterogeneous, concerning both the optical characteristics and distribution, displaying different thermal maturities. No relationship between vitrinite and bitumen reflectance was established, indicating that these bitumens were not generated in situ.


This project included two parts,i.e.,mornitoring study in fixed site and sampling investigation along route.The mornitoring study is that the mornitoring is done for four times in typical site of steppe,meadow steppe and loess plateau in which the fire takes place easily to obtain the changes of the amount of combustible matterials and water content in combustible matterials and soil moisture with time;the sampling investigation along route is that real sampling measure along route is done to obtain the changes of the amount of combustible matterial and its water content in space from September 15 to late April next year.The further study on dynamic changes of the amount of combustible matterials and its water content in space and time may provide scientific basis for fire prevention on grassland.


S ignificant technological advances have been a constant in the recent development in optical communication systems. Low attenuation fiber optics, high spectral purity lasers and optical amplifiers , among others, are devices that have allowed the transporting of hundreds of gigabits per second in thousands of kilometers, in a more reliable, secure and efficient manner, compared to radiofrequency (RF) systems. This transporting capacity provides enough data for the growing demand on new communication services. However, the electronic devices available today have become a limiting factor for the use of optical systems, even through the use of advanced digital signal processing techniques. Withh the development of photonic devices, it is expected to have completely optical signal processing. If so, the electronic limitation will be greatly reduced, allowing the use of new multiple access technologies and, consequently , delivering a much higher data multiplexing rate than nowadays. In this new scenario, it will be possible to build ultra-high bandwidth, simple and reliable optical networks, at low operational expenses, no matter the format of the information [1]. Before these systems enter into commercial operation, some problems must be solved, as the difficulty to obtain synchronization— which must be extremely precise—needed to realize the information routing inside the network without any optical-electrical conversion. In order to transmit information through long distances using wavelength division mul-tiplexing (WDM), it is necessary to amplify the optical signal. As the power density in the fiber increases, it starts to behave non-linearly causing signal deterioration. Thus, the number of channels inside the fiber must be reduced [2]. In light of these difficulties, research is underway on various methods to make optical signal processing possible in WDM networks. Recently, efforts have been concentrated in two promising technologies: optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) and optical time division multiple access (OTDM). The first uses the spread spectrum technique, also used in mobile phone systems. The second one is a light pulse multiplexing technique which intercalates, in time, many lower bit rate signals. This paper has the goal of presenting the OCDMA and OTDM techniques, considering their specific characteristics, peculiarities, technical challenges and research situation. Therefore, initially we revise the classical CDMA philosophy, pointing out the fundamentals of spread spectrum and the orthogonal codes that cause the spectrum to be spread. Next we explain how CDMA can be implemented in optical communication. Research fields of greater importance, whose goals are to solve …


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features, bacteriology, and outcomes of patients with bacteremia in the emergency department.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of adult bacteremia patients admitted to the emergency department at Li-Shin Hospital in northern Taiwan from January 2005 through December 2005. Demographic data, clinical features, empiric antibiotic prescriptions and outcomes were collected for analysis.
Results: During the study period, 54565 adult patients visited the emergency department. The incidence of bacteremia was approximately 0.5%. A total of 286 microorganism strains were isolated from 280 patients. There were 120 men and 160 women. The mean age was 64.6±18 years (range, 17-102 years). The clinical manifestations included sepsis in 133 patients (48.2%), severe sepsis in 72 patients (25.7%), and septic shock in 15 patients (5.4%). The most common diagnosis was urinary tract infection (36.4%), followed by fever of undetermined source (31.4%), and respiratory tract infection (19.3%). Gram-negative microorganisms were isolated in 209 isolates (73%). The most commonly isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (42.6%), followed by Staphylococcus species (13.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%), Streptococcus species (7.7%), and Salmonella species (5.6%). One hundred and forty-one patients (50.4%) received empirically inadequate antibiotic treatment. A total of 212 patients (75.8%) were admitted, among whom, 19 patients (9%) died. The significant independent risk factors for death of the admitted patients were advanced age (p=0.01), underlying heart disease (p=0.02), bandemia (p=0.01), anemia (p=0.05), inadequate antibiotic treatment (p<0.01), and complicated acute respiratory failure (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia and highlights the independent prognostic factors of admitted patients in the emergency department. Elevation of adequate of antibiotics use is an important issue. In addition, in a patient suggested of having bacteremia with high mortality risk factors, emergency department physicians should pay particular attention and utilize more aggressive treatment strategies in an effort to lower the mortality rate.


Technical transformation and innovative design of the existing polyurethane sponge cutting machine. In this paper, analyze the mechanical structure and working principle of the polyurethane sponge cutting machine, based on INPD's creation of a breakthrough product process, rationalize and innovate the actual problems encountered by the polyurethane sponge cutting machine in the working process, clarify the transformation design plan of the polyurethane sponge cutting machine, and improve User experience improves the cutting efficiency and operating performance of the polyurethane foam cutting machine.


The purpose of the study is to assess the socio-historical potential for the formation of the regional recreational complex of the Middle Pridniprovia, identifying the main recreational resources of social origin within the Middle Pridniprovia as the main base for the formation of the regional recreational complex.

Methodology. To solve the main problems of the research, analytical, comparative, historical and cartographic research methods were used.

Results. In the article features of the socio-historical potential of the Middle Pridniprovia are considered as an important factor in the formation of a regional recreational complex. The overall assessment of socio-historical recreational resources of the region is carried out. Proposals on the main directions of using the existing socio-historical potential and improving the efficiency of its use are developed.

Scientific novelty. The purpose of the study is to assess the socio-historical potential for the formation of the regional recreational complex of the Middle Pridniprovia, identifying the main recreational resources of social origin within the Middle Pridniprovia as the main base for the formation of the regional recreational complex. The spatial and territorial characteristics of the placement and general stocks of the main recreational resources of social origin within the Middle Pridniprovia are analyzed. The main characteristics, location and properties of the most promising socio-historical recreational resources, as well as the directions of their use for the organization of recreational activities are considered. The number and structure of historical and cultural monuments of the region are determined according to their value at the state and local level.

Practical significance. This research serves as the basis for the study of recreational potential as well as for further substantiation of the creation of a regional recreational complex. In addition, the results of the study can be used in the educational process while training specialists in recreation and tourism.


The main focus of this paper is on a graphical tuning method of non-linear fractional-order PID (FOPID)-type controllers, i.e. a class of FOPID-type controllers that non-linearly depend on the control parameters, e.g. FO[PI], FO[PD] etc. Firstly, a method is proposed to determine the stabilizing region of non-linear FOPID-type controllers, namely the complete sets of FOPID-type controllers providing stability of the control system. Secondly, two different approaches are proposed to determine the H∞ region of these FOPID-type controllers, namely the complete sets achieving H∞ robust performance specifications. The first approach maps the H∞ constraints into the parameter space by solving a series of non-linear equations. The second approach transforms the original H∞ region problem into simultaneous stabilization of a family of characteristic polynomials. It turns out that these two approaches are both very flexible, and the second approach is more efficient than the former. The main advantage of our proposed graphical tuning method is that the exact mathematical model of the controlled plant is not needed. The stabilizing and H∞ regions can be computed only from the frequency response data of the plant. Finally, numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed graphical tuning method.


This article is about the transition of female surveillance from a private to a public space. Using administrative documentation, it examines some of the characteristics of three groups of women, scarcely acknowledged in history: the female prision guards, the prostitute keepers, and the first police women. It alsoanalyses how they came to find a place in a traditionally masculine space, and it supports the idea that despite the authority and presence they gained, theycontinued performing activities considered "feminine".


This paper presents a piezoresistive barometric pressure sensor fabricated by using a Silicon-on-Nothing (SON) technology. Array of silicon trenches were annealed in hydrogen environment to form continuing crystalline silicon membrane over a vacuum cavity. Epitaxial growth on the silicon membrane is then completed for the desired thickness. All processes are CMOS compatible and performed on the front side of the silicon wafer. The piezoresistive barometric pressure sensor has been demonstrated with pressure hysteresis as low as 0.007%.


The Baldwin-Lomax (1978) algebraic turbulence model was modified for hypersonic flow conditions. Two coefficients in the outer-layer eddy-viscosity model were determined as functions of Mach number and temperature ratio. By matching the solutions from the Baldwin-Lomax model to those from the Cebeci-Smith (1974) model for a flat plate at hypersonic speed, the new values of the coefficients were obtained. The results show that the values of C(cp) and C(kleb) are functions of both Mach number and wall temperature ratio. The C(cp) and C(kleb) variations with Mach number and wall temperature were used for the calculations of both a 4-deg wedge flow at Mach 18 and an axisymmetric Mach 20 nozzle flow. The Navier-Stokes equations with thin-layer approximation were solved for the above hypersonic flow conditions and the results were compared with existing experimental data. The agreement between the numerical solutions and the existing experimental data were good. The modified Baldwin-Lomax model thus is useful in the computations of hypersonic flows.


In this paper, we address the efficiency of implementing the tf x idf ranking strategy with inverted files. Two search methods are studied. The first one sorts postings lists of query terms based upon the list length. It is the traditional sorting method used in the upperbound search algorithm. The second one sorts postings lists based upon the maximum tf as well as the list length. We show that the second method is able to identify a large portion of top documents without using a large amount of disk page accesses and it outperforms the first method by a large margin. We also provide an estimation method that can approximate the number of top documents obtained at different points of the retrieval process. Thus, the system allows the user to specify the condition for termination. The performance of these methods is demonstrated by experimental runs on four test collections made available with the SMART system.


Objective It studied the spirits expression and visual context "meaning" and "like" in Chinese characters poster design. Methods By the attention to Chinese philosophy,feeling "like thinking" art nature of Chinese characters,it analyzed the regeneration function of "Chinese characters graphical and symbolic".Through appreciation of outstanding works,it analyzed the imagery aesthetic thinking and visual context of from multidimensional perspective in Chinese characters poster design. Conclusion The "imagery spirits" are to extension of "meaning" and "like" with the beauty of cultural metaphor and graphic symbol in Chinese characters poster design.Chinese characters poster design is the spirits integration of "meaning" and "like",which shows rich visual context with graphic,symbolization,localization,and artistic conception.


While most international relations (IR) scholars tend to minimize the effect of relations between statespersons on foreign policy, this article argues that interpersonal relationships have more weight than the literature suggests. On the basis of twenty-one interviews conducted with senior Israeli statespersons, we propose a two-level model-linking positive interaction between statespersons and actual consequences at the state level. At the personal level, positive interactions can create receptiveness, build trust, facilitate accessibility and availability, and advance personal commitment. Translating these outcomes into consequences at the state level is mediated either by persuasion or by commitment. If persuasion is effective or there exists a high level of personal commitment, statespersons are more likely to succeed in mobilizing international support, removing obstacles to agreements, gathering sensitive information, and diffusing interstate tension. We conclude by discussing the limitations and advantages of good personal relations between statespersons and their implications for IR practice and theory.


This paper outlines the project on the development of a new hybrid unit-selection and concatenative Russian text-to-speech (TTS) system. The system is being developed by Speech Technology Center Ltd. in collaboration with the department of Phonetics at St.Petersburg State University. Project is held within Federal Research and Development Program in Priority Directions of Development of Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia in 2007-2012 with the financial support of Federal Agency on Science and Innovations. The system is based on the hybrid technology that combines Unit Selection and allophone concatenation approaches. This new generation TTS system produces naturally sounding synthesized speech and can be used both on PCs, server platforms and mobile devices (pocket-PCs, smartphones, etc.). The project presented in this paper illustrates the successful collaboration of state and business organizations aimed at the development of the hi-tech domain. The paper covers general issues of such collaboration as well as scientific and technical aspects of the new generation Russian TTS system development.


Day by day it is becoming necessary and feasible to use cloud storage due to its flexible and secure services. As more number of users are adopting cloud data services different types of threats are troubling them. In such scenario available Cloud Service Provider's security services may seem insufficient to keep user's data safe. User level security mechanism helps to improve security and user's trust in adopting the cloud data services. In our system we have implemented online data encryption mechanism. It is used at user level in which data to be uploaded to cloud storage is encrypted at the time of uploading. Online data encryption helps to fasten the process and saves user's time. To provide better data access control we have used a strong data security technique in which user's data identification credential and salt is used. Data identification credential, partial element of cipher key, is outsourced to cloud for further use in data decryption process. Decryption process is performed at the user level with the help of salt and one time password. In this system user is kept free from key storage and management task as well as it incorporates advanced and more secured technology of containers to store data in cloud. This paper incorporates the detailed analysis of results obtained.


High Reynolds number supersonic flowfields were generated numerically in order to assess the performance of three explicit algebraic Reynoldsstress turbulence models. The configurations consist of a shock/boundary-layer interaction and a 24 deg compression ramp, both of which exhibit an appreciable region of separated flow. Solutions were also obtained using standard zero-equation and k — e models. Details of the computations are summarized, and the accuracy of numerical results is established via grid resolution studies. Comparisons are made with experimental data in terms of surface pressure and skin friction, as well as off-surface profiles of mean velocity and components of the Reynolds-stress tensor. For the flows considered here, it is found that the algebraic-stress models offer little improvement over existing closures.


This paper discusses the need for improved techniques for the analysis and modelling of intercity passenger travel demand in order to provide the improved factual basis for policy decisions in this area. Improvement of these analysis techniques, however, depends fundamentally on the existence of a high-quality, comprehensive, disaggregated data base pertaining to intercity travel. The current state of Canadian intercity travel data is reviewed and found to be inadequate for this task. The paper then sketches a data collection program designed to remedy this situation. For the covering absract of the conference see IRRD 286259. (TRRL)


This paper puts forward the method to pursue multi-functional design program of production equipment with characteristic of having no branch to connect the structure in series with the shifting device. It has realized in the industrial manipulator.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Chapter 1. Three Epiphanies: On Autobiography and Athleticism in the Literature of the Early Roman Empire First Epiphany: Text and Body Second Epiphany: The "I" of the Text Third Epiphany: The Athletic "I" The Plan of this Study 2. Paul's Athletic Metaphors for Messianic Proclamation and Identity: Hybridity and the Rhetoric of Endurance. 3. Contending for the Faith: Combat Spots, Gladiators and Pauline Identity in the Pastoral Epistles 4. Running With Endurance: An Autobiographical Reading of Hebrews 12:1-13 Stretching Warming Up Striding Out Kicking Lurching to the Finish Toweling Off 5. Jesus' Ni/kh: Competition (And Conquest) in the Apocalypse of John Swimming Cycling The Language (of the) Games Performing 6. Apeluthesan: Perpetua, Blandina, and the literary description of Martyrdom as Athletic Triumph in Early Christian Proto-Hagiography On Women Gladiators Gladiatorial Gender Sexual Arena Blandina Perpetua On Reading Gladiator-Martyrs Apeluthesan 7. Conclusion: Limping Behind Augustine WORKS CITED.


The photolysis of C10H2 in air-saturated hexane by 253.6 nm photons yields the polyyne C8H2 in approximately 5% of all C10H2 disappearances; perhaps due to the migration of the hydrogen atom on Γ1 (I use the symbol Γn to designate the specific carbon atom number n in the chain; Γ1 is carbon atom 1) to Γ3 in the electronically excited C10H*2 molecule followed by the rupture of the Γ2-Γ3 carbon-carbon bond. C6H2 and C12H2 were not seen to form. This new result strengthens the hypothesis that hydrogen migration along carbon chains of photon-excited polyynes followed by the rupture of one carbon bond could be very common among these compounds. It is suggested here that diacetylene forms photochemically from acetylene in the cometary coma followed by the swift photochemical formation of C2 from diacetylene by hydrogen migration from Γ1 to Γ3 followed by the rupture of the Γ2-Γ3 carbon-carbon bond. Hydrogen migration from Γ1 to Γ4 in excited diacetylene followed by the rupture of the Γ3-Γ4 carbon bond might form cometary C3. Neither C2 nor C3 were detected in the current study. Their formation by hydrogen migration is therefore hypothetical but the case for C2 is observationally stronger than for C3. Removal of air from the solution increased the disappearance rate of C10H2 by a factor of almost 103, which implies that the excited molecule is in a triplet state with an estimated lifetime of 160 μs.


Due to the uncertainty of natural factors and a larger global population, the work of supplying sustainable agricultural materials, especially green agricultural products, faces enormous challenges. How to effectively evaluate and select the most desirable green agricultural material supplier is an urgent issue for both agribusiness and government. In this paper, an integrated q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) group best–worst method (GBWM) and the PROMETHEE II was introduced to availably solve such issue. Firstly, by taking similarity degree into account to solve incomplete weight information, a novel technique was constructed to determine the experts' weight reasonably under the q-ROF context. Secondly, to improve consistency for group decision making and obtain a highly reliable selection result, the GBWM was used to derive criteria weights. Then, based on the proposed generalized p-norm knowledge-based score function, the PROMETHEE II was further improved to rank the feasible alternatives. After that, a representative case under the background of green agricultural material supplier selection was investigated in depth. Finally, the detailed comparative technique was conducted to verify the validity and superiority of the improved method.


The potential use of waste paper as a feedstuff for ruminants was investigated. Analyses of a range of types of paper showed that waste paper could be regarded only as a source of energy for animal production ; cellulose was the main chemical constituent. Levels of nitrogen (N) and soluble ash were very low in most samples. In vitro organic matter (OM) digestibilities ranged from a mean of 22 per cent for waste newspaper up to a mean of 63 to 65 per cent for high-quality office waste paper and computer printout. Individually penned mature crossbred wethers gained liveweight at a mean rate of 11 7 g day-1 when fed on pellets consisting of 65 per cent Gwernment waste paper (52.5 per cent in vitro digestibility), 32 per cent linseed meal and 3 per cent minerals, provided roughage as chaffed hay (50-300 g head-1 day-1) was fed as well. Mean daily dry matter (DM) intakes were about 1600 g. Without the chaffed hay, intakes fell to 1400 g DM head-1 day-1 and the sheep maintained weight. In a second experiment, crossbred ewes aged about seven months were offered ad libitum either lucerne pellets, Government waste paper pellets, or pellets containing equal proportions of Government waste paper and newspaper. The paper pellets contained 84 per cent paper, 8.4 per cent molasses, 3.6 per cent urea and 4 per cent minerals. During the first seven weeks, when 100-200 g head-1 day-1 of chaffed lucerne hay were offered in addition to the pellets, mean DM intakes (g day-1) and liveweight gains (g day-1) were 1522 and 144 for the lucerne-fed sheep, 950 and 60 for the sheep on Government paper pellets, and 450 and -27 for the sheep on the 42 per cent newspaper pellets. During the next two weeks, lucerne chaff was omitted; the sheep on lucerne pellets increased their mean DM intake and rate of gain, those on the Government waste paper pellets maintained their food intake but lost weight slowly, while sheep on the 42 per cent newspaper pellets reduced food intake and lost weight rapidly (-1 18 g day-1). OM digestibility of both paper diets was 56 to 60 per cent when fed with roughage, and decreased to 55 per cent when lucerne chaff was omitted. Ewes on both paper diets were consistently in negative N balance (-1.3 to -3.2 g N day-1) while those fed the lucerne pellets were in consistent positive balance (+3.3 g N day-1).


Simulation games have a long history in education and are well suited to learning about negotiation, power, relationships and uncertain outcomes. This paper reflects on the experience of using a semester-long simulation game to introduce postgraduate students to development policy. It focuses on three issues identified in the literature—realism, the role of staff and assessment—and maintains that the risks and uncertainties associated with simulation games are beneficial in ensuring effective learning about policy.


Additive synthesis is a powerful sound generation technique because the frequency relationships and spectral characteristics of musical tones so constructed can be precisely controlled. A major problem with additive synthesis, however, is the large amount of data required for each tone. This large data requirement is one reason why additive synthesis has never been very popular, and why synthesis techniques such as frequency modulation (FM) (Chowning 1973) are extensively used. In FM, one wave frequency modulates another. The frequencies of both the modulating wave and the carrier wave are chosen so that the generated side-bands can be used to create a spectrum. The spectrum of the tone can be controlled by a single parameter-the index of modulation. Varying the index of modulation varies the timbre of the tone.


Martin Powell has produced an important critique of some of the arguments put forward in The Strategy of Equality. In doing so, he advances the debate in several significant ways, although not always in the direction that he may have intended.


Physical properties of various hardwood bark-soil mixes for containers were compared to a soil-peat-perlite mix. Bark-soil mixes containing a wide range of bark particle sizes were found to possess superior physical properties initially and remained satisfactory after a 13-month incubation period. However, bark-soil mixes were much less stable and deteriorated to a significantly greater extent. For golf greens, physical properties of hardwood bark or peat and soil and sand mixes were studied following compaction at 40 cm moisture tension. Initially, the bark mixes were superior and this was postulated to be due to a more uniform distribution of bark within the mixes. Based on the deterioration that occurred in bark-soil mixes for containers, it is concluded that use of hardwood bark in golf green mixes does not appear feasible.


The JCMT, the world's largest sub-mm telescope, has had essentially the same VAX/VMS based control system since it was commissioned. For the next generation of instrumentation we are implementing a new Unix/VxWorks based system, based on the successful ORAC system that was recently released on UKIRT. The system is now entering the integration and testing phase. This paper gives a broad overview of the system architecture and includes some discussion on the choices made. (Other papers in this conference cover some areas in more detail). The basic philosophy is to control the sub-systems with a small and simple set of commands, but passing detailed XML configuration descriptions along with the commands to give the flexibility required. The XML files can be passed between various layers in the system without interpretation, and so simplify the design enormously. This has all been made possible by the adoption of an Observation Preparation Tool, which essentially serves as an intelligent XML editor.


Axial flux type electric motor is disclosed. Motor includes a first rotor surface, and a second rotor surface, and a first bearing positioning portion on the first rotor surface, the rotor having a one or more permanent magnets attached to the first rotor surface. Further, the stator having a first stator surface, and a second stator surface, and a second bearing positioning portion on the first stator surface, and a stator winding comprising one or more conductors and connectors for connection to a power supply It is provided. Bearing assembly also is provided with, in order to rotate movably supporting the rotor relative to the stator, while being positioned between the first rotor surface and the first stator surface, between the rotor and the stator so as to provide an air gap, it is separated from the stator to the rotor in the axial direction. The bearing assembly, as the bearing assembly is accurately positioned to engage the first bearing positioning portion and the second bearing positioning portion. .FIELD 4


The paper introduced the current status and existed problem of our provincial road freight transportation,and proposed some advice for freight transportation management.


A cursory examination of the education literature for the past five years, especially the journal literature, might well lead one to conclude that accountability was the penultimate socio-educational phenomenon. In this writer's experience, only relevance approximates accountability as a pervasively used and loosely defined concept in a comparable time period. The concept has been associated with teacher evaluation, goals and purposes, management techniques and procedures, community control, and pupil personnel practices. It has been praised, damned, exploited, explained, evaluated, adjudicated, legislated, contracted for, and simply happened. There is some evidence that accountability is beginning to pass from the educational scene in the same manner that it came, rapidly. An examination of the entries in Education Index from July, 1968, through Febraury, 1976, reveals simple but interesting statistics. Accountability was not listed as a topic in the July, 1968 to June, 1969 volume. The 1969-70 volume carried the topic but referred readers to "Educational Evaluation" for seventeen entries and to


The problem of childrens health protection in the Far North has special importance. Last time there is a tendency to use health protection methods in educational process of school. For example, the program «Healthy child in a healthy school» is implemented in practice of rural school of Karkateevo. This heath-improving program includes a corrigent gymnastics, moderate running, shaping and respiratory gymnastics with the use of method of a biological feedback. The control of childrens physical condition and health has allowed revealing essential positive changes on the majority of investigated indicators.


Abstract Experimental results suggest that the quality of transmitting multimedia and Teleimmersion data streams over the Internet is affected by high packet loss rates. This makes it important to design mechanisms that minimize packet loss rate. Thus, error control is important in this case. In this report, an error control mechanism using forward error correction (FEC) is implemented and evaluated.


In the present study seven 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(p-substituted benzal-hydrazone derivatives and four 5-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolinone-3-acetyl-2-(p-substituted acetophe-none)hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. Among them, the analytical data of five original compounds were given. In this study, the microwave synthesis method and antimicrobial evaluation of all the compounds were also reported for the first time. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the compounds were determined by the Microdilution method using two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), two Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and two yeast like fungi (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis).


To study the photoperiodic affect on agronomic traits of wheat and barley this experiment was conducted under green house with 25 winter wheat. 25 barley. and 21 naked barley varieties. The data suggested that (1) short-culm varieties such as Ephrat, Combine, and Roussalka in wheat and Haganemugi, Musasinomugi and Yongweolyugag in barley, and Wasehadaka, Ichiwase and Cho-chinryac in naked barley (2) early-matured varieties such as Chukoku #81, Suweon #185 and Sekidori #66 in wheat, CI 07296, Olbori and Haganemugi in barley and Wasehadaka, Nagasaki and Kochiwase-hadaka in naked barley and (3) high-yielding potential varieties such as Shinkwang, Backa and Yukseung #3 in wheat, Jecheon #5, CI 07296 and Siyogimugi in barley and Wasehadaka. CI 09867 and Tawungmia 02 in naked barley could be used for breeding materials because of their super-characters and insensitivities to daylength.


A new, rapid, and reproducible reversed-phased liquid chromatography (LC) method with ultraviolet (UV) absorption and/or mass spectrometry (MS) detection has been developed and validated for quantitation of cichoric acid, a major constituent of Echinacea spp. The method involves the use of a short Phenomenex Hydro-RP C18 column (4 microm, 50 mm x 3.0 mm id) and a simple isocratic mobile phase profile. Both UV (diode array detector) and selective-ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 472.8 were used for quantitation of cichoric acid. The limit of detection was 0.75 ng for UV and 0.15 ng for MS-SIM, and the limit of quantitation was is 2.5 ng for UV and 0.5 ng for MS-SIM. Water-methanol (1 + 1) soluble extracts of 6 commercially available Echinacea purpurea aerial parts-based dietary supplements (EPADS). EPADS were first profiled using a traditional HPLC-UV method. Their UV chromatograms were compared, and cichoric acid was identified to be a key biomarker for EPADS. Then the samples were analyzed by the fast LC-UV/MS method. The turnaround time for a single analysis was 3 min, compared to 15 to 60 min needed for traditional reported LC methods. The high-throughput method was able to separate the cichoric acid peak from peaks of other components in extracts of complex matrixes of EPADS.


Purpose
A rapid increase in traditional industries is creating social and environmental problems through extensive usage of natural resources and polluting the environment. A circular economy provides curative and renewing lines of action about these problems. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that lead toward sustainable performance in a circular economy context and empirically test the relationships between green technology adoption (GTA), circular economy principles (CEP), sustainable supply chain practices (SSCM) and sustainable performance (SP).

Design/methodology/approach
Using the well-developed governmental databases, data from 435 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the textile sector of Pakistan were collected and tested through AMOS using a structural equation model.

Findings
The results disclosed that GTA, CEP and SSCM have significant and positive direct relationships and facilitate improving SMEs' SP. Circular economy entrepreneurship (CEE) and customer pressure (CP) were found to have a significant and positive influence on the relationships of GTA and CEP with SSCM.

Originality/value
The role of GTA in circular economy and the moderating effect of CEE and CP is an addition to the literature. SMEs' GTA allows them to reuse, reduce and recycle natural resources rather than obtain new ones from the ecosystem.


Reasonable structure of human resource is of great significance to development of an organization, so accurate prediction of human resource structure is a very important research problem. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (abbreviated as ANFIS) is a high-efficiency learning model, and its distributed network structure has very effective result in establishing nonlinear model and constructing time series prediction model. However, classical ANFIS has some disadvantages, such as difficult determination of structure and large randomness of training parameter setting. This paper provides a hybrid prediction model of human resource structure by using the algorithm based on fusion of PSO with random weight, RPSO, and ANFIS, named RPSO-ANFIS. The novel algorithm uses RPSO to train relevant parameters of ANFIS and determine network structure of ANFIS. Empirical results shows that, compared with GA-ANFIS and PSO-ANFIS, RPSOANFIS has advantages of rapid learning speed, high prediction accuracy and smaller relative mean error, which indicated RPSO-ANFIS has good practical application value in predicting the structure of human resource.


A novel solution for emerging RF transmission problem in Ka band applications such as 5G communication systems is demonstrated in this paper. Main purpose of the study is to miniaturize the RF transition between packages by using Ball Grid Array (BGA) technique while providing low transmission loss. Proposed structure is composed of BGA balls connecting organic and ceramic packages.


This paper is devoted on Cr:LiSAF laser pumped by cw visible GaAlInP diode at 670nm. Ouput power of more than 60 mW at 850 nm has been obtained with a 500 mW pump laserdiode and the laser is tunable from 810 to 900 nm.