ABSTRACT β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that binds cadherins at the plasma membrane, HMG box transcription factors in the nucleus, and several cytoplasmic proteins that are involved in regulating its stability. In developing embryos and in some human cancers, the accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and subsequently the nuclei of cells may be regulated by the Wnt-1 signaling cascade and by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). This has increased interest in regulators of both GSK-3 and β-catenin. Searching for kinase activities able to phosphorylate the conserved, inhibitory-regulatory GSK-3 residue serine 9, we found p90 rsk to be a potential upstream regulator of GSK-3. Overexpression of p90 rsk in Xenopus embryos leads to increased steady-state levels of total β-catenin but not of the free soluble protein. Instead, p90 rsk overexpression increases the levels of β-catenin in a cell fraction containing membrane-associated cadherins. Consistent with the lack of elevation of free β-catenin levels, ectopic p90 rsk was unable to rescue dorsal cell fate in embryos ventralized by UV irradiation. We show that p90 rsk is a downstream target of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling during early Xenopus development, since ectopic FGF signaling activates both endogenous and overexpressed p90 rsk . Moreover, overexpression of a dominant negative FGF receptor, which blocks endogenous FGF signaling, leads to decreased p90 rsk kinase activity. Finally, we report that FGF inhibits endogenous GSK-3 activity inXenopus embryos. We hypothesize that FGF and p90 rsk play heretofore unsuspected roles in modulating GSK-3 and β-catenin.


For the integrated navigation system of Inertial Navigation System (INS) /Doppler Velocity Log (DVL), the accuracy of velocity measurement from DVL is a key factor that restrain the accuracy of combined INS/DVL navigation system. Based on the viewpoint of observability, we analyze the reason why partial misalignment angles cannot be calibrated under some trajectories, and designs an improved calibration scheme according to the above analysis, which can realize the calibration of all the misalignment angles and scale factor. Nevertheless, the calibration method presented above is extremely unfavorable for underwater vehicles to keep concealment. Therefore, a more accurate model of DVL errors is employed, including scale factor, misalignment angles and constant errors, and a three-point online calibration method of INS and Doppler Sensors is proposed. The proposed method only requires the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to float up twice to get the GPS signals. That is, only with the initial position and the other two positions, the calibration can be accomplished. The simulation results show that the presented method is efficient and the positioning accuracy of AUVs is evidently improved.


The differences of the consumer demand have resulted in the variety of the same sort of the commodities, but the best allocation scheme is not for the cluster that has the most consumers all the time. How to find the most potential target market is the most important topic and its resolution is market subdivision.


Abstract Recent research has shown that state reporting to human rights monitoring bodies is associated with improvements in rights practices, calling into question earlier claims that self-reporting is inconsequential. Yet little work has been done to explore the theoretical mechanisms that plausibly account for this association. This Article systematically documents—across treaties, countries, and years—four mechanisms through which reporting can contribute to human rights improvements: elite socialization, learning and capacity building, domestic mobilization, and law development. These mechanisms have implications for the future of human rights treaty monitoring.


A 12-week study was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of raw tallow seed meal (RTSM) on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters and organoleptic qualities of growing rabbits. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% RTSM replacing the palm kernel cake weight for the weight designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Forty-five (45) weaned rabbits between 5 and 6 weeks with an average body weight ranging from 500 to 600 g of mixed breeds and sexes (females and males) were randomly allocated to the five (5) dietary treatments in the randomized complete block design with nine (9) rabbits per treatment replicated three (3) times with three (3) rabbits each. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, some haematological and biochemical parameters and organoleptic qualities of the rabbits. The feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<.005) affected by the dietary treatments. The rabbits fed diets T1, T2 and T3 recorded similar feed intake (62, 66.95, and 66.50 g), total weight gain (1328.73, 1320.44, and 1323.49 g) and feed conversion ratio (3.92, 4.26, and 4.22) which were significantly better than those observed for the rabbits fed diets T4 and T5. The nutrient digestibilities of the rabbits fed the experimental diets were also significantly (P<0.05) affected. The rabbits fed diet T2 had better fiber digestibility (47.05%) compared to other treatment groups. Ether extract digestibility was observed to be better in the group of rabbits fed diets T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Some of the other nutrients in the group of rabbits fed diets T3, T4 and T5 were similarly digested. The haematological parameters were observed to be depressed as the level of RTSM increased in the diets. Packed cell volume, red blood cells and white blood cells were observed to reduce from 37.69 to 21.22%, 4.14 to 2.18 Corresponding author: e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Jiya E. Zhiri et al. 172 g/dl and 4.98 to 3.02 g/dl. The biochemical parameters indicated a similar trend as that of the haematological parameters. Total protein, glucose and urea reduced from 6.15 to 4.63 g/dl, 5.15 to 3.80 g/dl and 7.76 to 4.00 mmol/l. The result of the organoleptic qualities indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) difference except for the juiciness which was significantly (P<0.05) high in the rabbits fed diets T1 (5.90), T3 (5.65), and T4 (5.90), respectively. In conclusion, up to 50% of RTSM can be included in the diets of rabbits without adverse effects on productive performance, nutrient utilization, blood parameters and organoleptic qualities.


Targeted nanocarriers deliver HIV-1 latency-reversing agents to CD4+ T cells in the lymph nodes. A proposed strategy to cure HIV uses latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate latent proviruses for purging HIV reservoirs. A variety of LRAs have been identified, but none has yet proven effective in reducing the reservoir size in vivo. Nanocarriers could address some major challenges by improving drug solubility and safety, providing sustained drug release, and simultaneously delivering multiple drugs to target tissues and cells. Here, we formulated hybrid nanocarriers that incorporate physicochemically diverse LRAs and target lymphatic CD4+ T cells. We identified one LRA combination that displayed synergistic latency reversal and low cytotoxicity in a cell model of HIV and in CD4+ T cells from virologically suppressed patients. Furthermore, our targeted nanocarriers selectively activated CD4+ T cells in nonhuman primate peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in murine lymph nodes, and substantially reduced local toxicity. This nanocarrier platform may enable new solutions for delivering anti-HIV agents for an HIV cure.


Road congestion, it is estimated, costs Britain 15000 m per year; this paper, which was presented at the Institution of Highways and Transportation Presidential Conference at Lancaster in 1989, proposes a number of ways in which Britain's transport infrastructure (road, rail and air transport) can be brought up to date to allow the whole country to be able to compete in the Single European Market. The proposals are; (1) to make long term transport plans to produce a better transport network than our competitors; (2) to increase private sector financing, on top of additional public expenditure; (3) to introduce a new, less prolonged, planning framework; (4) to develop an integrated approach, involving road, rail and air transport, and (5) to investigate the possibilities of road pricing.


The new era of digital video and multimedia technologies has created the potential for large libraries of digital video. With this new technology come the challenges of creating usable means by which such large and diverse depositories of digital information (digital libraries) can be efficiently queried and accessed so that (a) the response is fast, (b) the communication over the Internet is minimal and (c) the retrieval is characterized by high precision and recall. In this paper we discuss how existing digital video editing tools, together with data compression techniques, can be combined to create a fast, accurate and cost effective video retrieval system for remote users. The traditional approaches employed in text databases, such as keyword searching and volume browsing, are inadequate mechanisms for a video retrieval system for remote users because, (a) they don''t apply to video at all, or (b) they are not practical due to the amounts of data involved, or (c) they have insufficient resolution to be useful in a video archive. New techniques must be developed that facilitate the query and selection of digital video. This paper presents one such scheme.


The current state of cryptography has deep historical scientific roots. And these results had a strong impact on the development of cryptography tools and methods. These methods, of course, are directly related to the development of cryptanalysis methods. The first method of cryptanalysis is the frequency method. The first traces of frequency analysis of the text can be found in the works of scientists of the East since the X century. For example, scientists like Al-Kindi have made a great contribution to cryptanalysis. This paper presents a frequency analysis of the text in the Uzbek language based on the Cyrillic alphabet. At the same time, it should be noted that at the moment the Uzbek language is based on the Latin alphabet. And now further changes in the alphabet of the Uzbek language are being considered. Determining the frequencies of the letters of the Latin alphabet of the Uzbek language is accompanied by difficulties associated with the fact that some letters are combinations of letters from the original alphabet, for example, the letter 'sh'. Here the letters 's' and 'h' belong to this alphabet. And this, in turn, leads to problems when defining bigrams. Based on this, the texts in the Uzbek language are analyzed here using the Cyrillic alphabet, where each letter corresponds to one character. Texts from official web resources are used as content. Based on this, in this article, we present the results on determining the letter frequencies of the Uzbek language, with a further comparison with other languages.


Food is not only a collection of products that can be used for statistical or nutritional studies. It is also a system of symbols and images, a protocol of usages, situations and behaviours. And this may also involve a belief in spiritual, invisible and transcendent entities. In brief, it can infer religion. Besides, food consumption cannot be seen as an isolated and innocent act. On the contrary, it is a part of the chains of interdependencies, which bind people together across the world, calling for a change in eating behaviours. To become more sustainable, the act of consuming food needs to be changed, in order to decrease diseases caused by food, eliminating the unreasonable- unfair exploitation and distributions of earth's natural resources. In order to understand if religion can be seen as a sustainable medium in alimentation, the Author will briefly evaluate some theological roots and religious practices associated with food. His attention is in particular focused on selected examples referring to main Abrahamic religious organizations, that is Catholicism and Islam. Then, he underlines the relationships and interconnections between religious rules and consumerism, the ways in which both are reacting to the problems related to food. In this sense, he tries to explore the interplay and intersections between religion and "consuming passions" in contemporary society. This analysis will lead to better understand how religious and secular values responses to above-mentioned problems; the ways in which both can contribute to a more sustainable-fairly food consumption.


A description of the bark structure of southern African species of Apodytes and Cassinopsis is presented for the first time. Bark anatomy was found useful in distinguishing between species, especially in the genus Apodytes. Fibres, associated with sclereids, are found exclusively in Apodytes spec. nov. B, whereas A. dimidiata subsp. dimidiata and Apodytes spec. nov. A contain only sclereids. Fibres are abundant in Cassinopsis tinifolia, but sparse in C. ilicifolia. Wreathing of the sclerenchyma by calcium oxalate crystals occurs in all three species of Apodytes, but not in Cassinopsis. Apodytes contains prismatic crystals as opposed to druses in Cassinopsis. Apodytes dimidiata subsp. dimidiata and Apodytes spec. nov. A show a prismatic crystal arrangement, consisting of crystalliferous cells with a large centralised prismatic crystal surrounded by numerous small peripheral crystals. Chambered cystalliferous strands occur in Cassinopsis, but not in Apodytes. Bark anatomically Apodytes spec. nov. A shows a closer correlation with A. dimidiata than with the other species.


Progenitor cell therapies show great promise, but their potential for clinical applications requires improved storage and transportation. Desiccated cells stored at ambient temperature would provide economic and practical advantages over approaches employing cell freezing and subzero temperature storage. The objectives of this study were to assess a method for loading the stabilizing sugar, trehalose, into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPC) and to evaluate the effects of subsequent freeze-drying and storage at ambient temperature on differentiation and clonogenic potential. HPC were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and loaded with trehalose using an endogenous cell surface receptor, termed P2Z. Solution containing trehalose-loaded HPC was placed into vials, which were transferred to a tray freeze-dryer and removed during each step of the freeze-drying process to assess differentiation and clonogenic potential. Control groups for these experiments were freshly isolated HPC. Control cells formed 1450±230 CFU-GM, 430±140 BFU-E, and 50±40 CFU-GEMM per 50 µL. Compared to the values for the control cells, there was no statistical difference observed for cells removed at the end of the freezing step or at the end of primary drying. There was a gradual decrease in the number of CFU-GM and BFU-E for cells removed at different temperatures during secondary drying; however, there were no significant differences in the number of CFU-GEMM. To determine storage stability of lyophilized HPC, cells were stored for 4 weeks at 25°C in the dark. Cells reconstituted immediately after lyophilization produced 580±90 CFU-GM (∼40%, relative to unprocessed controls p<0.0001), 170±70 BFU-E (∼40%, p<0.0001), and 41±22 CFU-GEMM (∼82%, p = 0.4171), and cells reconstituted after 28 days at room temperature produced 513±170 CFU-GM (∼35%, relative to unprocessed controls, p<0.0001), 112±68 BFU-E (∼26%, p<0.0001), and 36±17 CFU-GEMM (∼82%, p = 0.2164) These studies are the first to document high level retention of CFU-GEMM following lyophilization and storage for 4 weeks at 25°C. This type of flexible storage stability would potentially permit the ability to ship and store HPC without the need for refrigeration.


Abstract : The annotated bibliography is focused on the following main points of interest: (1) Investigation of closely packed chlorophyll modifications in model systems (in adsorbed state). (2) Light conversion, energy transfer, photoexcitation of triplet states in tetrapyrrol pigments. (3) Intermediate reduced and oxidized forms of tetrapyrrol pigments. (4) Evolution of oxygen in photosynthesis. (5) Investigation of the structure of tetrapyrrol pigments. (6) Summaries at scientific meetings.


Abstract:  Instability in primary commodity prices is often assessed with descriptive statistics and estimation methods under the assumption of nearly normal distribution. However, asymmetries in the duration and amplitude of the cycles as well as in the intensity of the impact of shocks on commodity price volatility have been noticed. This bears implications for the analysis of producer support strategies. After reviewing some explanations of these irregularities, particularly those concerning the price and the main producer country of cocoa, properties of alternative GARCH models are compared, and a new specification is proposed. Five GARCH specifications are then applied to high frequency data of the cocoa price, relative to a 15-year period. A moderate level of persistence is observed in the conditional mean of weekly observations. As for the conditional variance, specification tests and forecasting capacity measures give preference to models with a Student-t distribution, with daily data being also characterized by rightward-skewness and relatively higher, even if time-varying, volatility persistence. Finally, estimates of two of these models are used to analyse space-time relationships among price disparity across different trading centres, inter-regional producer price dispersion in Cote d'Ivoire, and unforeseen volatility.


The modern information society in ever increasing business projects and time limits to achieve the objectives at minimum cost leads to a search for ways to manage them. Today, more and more managers use IT tools for project management, and the term itself is associated with software solutions for the optimization and management of projects in different fields of human activity. The paper examines the main characteristics of project management by means of information technology. Key tasks and processes in the project implementation and management are discussed.


In 1918 Polya and Vinogradov established the estimate for Dirichlet character sums that currently carries their names. It was forty years until Burgess gave an improvement of their bound [1], and it is forty years since that improvement.


T his special section began, as many do, with an Association of American Geographers conference. In 2007 Paul Kingsbury and I organized two sessions with a total of nine papers (and ten scholars) that provided an impressive array of the many divergent possibilities that psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory offer to geography. Indeed, as this section itself represents, the radically different approaches to psychoanalysis and the inspirations scholars take from its methodologies and ontologies present no unified front, no coherent account of the spatiality of psychic life and practice. Others similarly attest the inability to cull an inclusive or comprehensive lesson for geography or even whether psychoanalysis is an appropriate endeavor for geographers (Philo and Parr 2003b). Instead, authors posit that the common thread of psychoanalysis is the idea that the unspeakable, and thus not entirely representable, gird the social–spatial and the subjective. The unconscious exists in its effects, so this question arises: If only in effect, and unpredictably so, then how to observe, represent, theorize, if not measure? These are conundrums energizing the conversations on psychoanalysis and methodology (more recently see Callard 2003; Philo and Parr 2003a; Kingsbury 2004; Thomas 2007; Parr and Davidson forthcoming). The four articles in this special section, which I describe in turn next, articulate the ways that psychoanalytic thought already pervades much of human geography and its methodologies, albeit not always in the obvious or avowed framework of psychoanalysis (see both Pile and Kingsbury, this issue). Certainly the emotional, the affectual, and the subjective have all been framed through an understanding of the self as somewhat opaque, as nonlinear, as irrational—as a subject, in other words, enlivened by forces not entirely of its own consciousness, unacknowledged yet effective, powerful in its intangibility. Despite the hesitance of many geographers to engage with psychoanalytic theory, its influence percolates without an explicit consideration of its impact on our understandings of what the social–spatial entails (Kingsbury 2009). In this special section, we hope to edge forward a greater commitment to avow this influence and to think about how psychoanalysis shapes geographic thought and research. Our focus on methodologies points particularly to research encounters; that is, between researcher and researched. The four articles consider how methodology can be designed, unhinged, or rejiggered to consider psychoanalytic, subjective process. The articles contend that doing research is as much an unconscious as a conscious reckoning—from researchers' sketching of projects to the carrying out of plans within ontologies that are as composed of fantasy as they are of materiality. After all, the researcher also has fantastic renditions of the social–spatial, even though this word should not be taken as "unreal." Fantasies are evident in the material "real" world, too (e.g., Nast 2000; Pile 2005). Thus, the articles importantly give readers new insights into how the framing and doing of research are wrapped intimately in the subjectivity of not only those people and topics researched but also of the subjectivity of the researcher, of their interand intrarelations and spaces, and of the fantasies of just what we think the world is—indeed, how we as scholars also fantasize in terms of how we psychically need or are oriented to think what the world is. This is related to our own social, academic, and political positionings, as well as the positioning


Lightning strikes in substations may result in extremely uneven ground potential distribution, which will threaten the safety and stability of equipment in substation. However, the main parameters for evaluating the performance of grounding grids are grounding resistance and impulse impedance, and little attention is paid to the distribution of the transient ground potential differences. In addition, when measuring the impulse impedance of a grounding grid, the length of the current leads should be very large, which requires a high-capacity impulse generator to suppress the influence of lead inductance on current waveform. In this paper, a test method is proposed for the transient characteristics of grounding grid with the current-return point located in the same grid. The feasibility of the method is illustrated by analyzing the ground impedance between the current injection point and the return point, longitudinal current of the grounding conductor, transient ground potential rise and transient ground potential difference. The effects of parameters such as soil resistivity, lightning waveform, size of the grounding grid, spacing and materials of the grid conductor are discussed to demonstrate that the method can be applied to most substations. Finally, the practicality of the method is verified by experiments in a 220 kVsubstation.


A formula of heat-relieving drink combining mungbean with lotus leaf, chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, which were commonly considered as traditional Chinese medicine for both food and medicine, was made in this research. In order to optimize the formula and assay the function of the drink, the animal experiment was used. The results showed the optimum process was that: the volume ratio of the extracting solution of mungbean, lotus leaf, chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, in terms of the syrup and water was 30:2:1:1:4:12 respectively, it indicated that the drink made by this formula is not only nutritive and savory but also helpful for relieving heat and promoting urination.


The Egyptian Revolution 2011 has its roots in neoliberal policies, the premises of which are not shared by a large part of the Egyptian population. Starting from the call for "bread, freedom, social justice," this paper sheds light on the moral economy of the Egyptian people and finds the seeds of the revolution in a loss of entitlements which structural adjustment policies entailed for Egyptians as producers and consumers of bread, the symbol of life.


Strengthening the control and management of production process through technical transformation and comparison of beneficiation technology,7-9 months and transformation of the former 4-6 month accumulative total technical index after transformation: metallic silver recovery rate increased from 90. 97% to 91. 98% before reform,increased 1. 01 percentage points; lead metal recovery by the transformation of the former 92. 87% to 93. 19%,increased 0. 32 percentage points zinc; metal recovery rate increased from 67. 46% to 74. 98% before reform,increased 7. 52 percentage points. In the same ore processing capacity conditions,monthly averagerecover more silver metal 136. 42 kg,lead metal 5. 99t; zinc metal 53.72 t,only the technical indexes of the improved,a month can add economic benefits 1270000 yuan / month; saving water and electricity charges 24000 yuan / month; increase the agentcost of 7800 yuan / month; the total average monthly increase of economic benefit1286200 yuan / month.


The process of designing formation choreography can be very tricky because formations rely on both shape and motion. Choreographers must not only keep track of the overall geometry of the dance, but also of the movement sequences of individual dancers through time. Our system, Dancevis, is a Javascript API that enables animated dance formation rendering in the browser. It uses groups and a hierarchical structure to mimic the motion of dancers from a bird's eye view. Movement paths are parameterized over geometric shapes assigned to groups. We allow for the movement of dancers between groups, the display of time dependent annotations, and the ability to play, pause, and reset the animation.


This paper introduces the theories and common implementation methods of digital filter. It presents a theory of Distributed Arithmetic (DA) which could realize the multiplication of constant coefficient efficiently,and introduces the method of FIR filter de-sign using look up table(LUT) based on FPGA. One improvement is realized in the design of the multiplication module to reduce er-rors. The design is validated with the simulated software. The simulation result shows that this technique has such advantages as less errors. Its performance is much better than the conventional methods'.


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An apparatus for calibrating a robot with a Koordinatenmeseinrichtung which supported goes on a robot (1), a measuring ball (10) comprising measuring means (4) and a plant (11) comprising for this on at least one defined measuring point (6, 7, 8) further measuring means (5) to a geometrical reference element (2), wherein the measuring means (5) at the geometric reference element (2) through the routed to this, on the robot (1) retained measuring means (4) (in all the coordinate directions x, y , z) are movable and, (at the respective measuring point 6, 7, 8) has a position difference of (on the robot 1) retained measuring means (4) of a default position at which the deviations of the measured actual coordinates of (on the robot 1 ) retained measuring means (4) of associated nominal coordinates that are included (in a control program of the robot 1) for defining the position of the robot (1), (by the measuring means 5) are determined, output, characterized, that the abutment (11) fixed to the robot (1) retained measuring means ...


Nowadays we can see and feel the technological change around us. Most of the tools are extended with online functionality, new online collaboration environments are appearing and bring along wide range of data for collection. Following this shift with the appearance of cognitive infocommunication we established a framework and created a usage scenario as an online system for supporting programmers in our Smart Campus platform. When we created the platform, extendibility and adaptivity were the primary goals to stand for efficient data collection through crowdsourced collectors. This paper is the continuation of our work and describes our online programming contest environment where services are applied to help the users solving assessments and grading them. The collected data help us to discover hidden correspondences and fine tune our problem suggestion service. While we continuously collect data, the applied clustering algorithms could help us to understand the problems arriving through the students' learning path and along these we could achieve a much more fine-grained solution for our services.


"simple functions of sea-surface temperature (Chance..)"; I would leave out here the references (generally not included in abstract) and rather state that: "have generally fitted sea-surface iodide observations to relatively simple functions using iodide proxies such as nitrate and sea-surface temperature"


The article analyzes the negative impact on agricultural lands, especially irrigated arable lands and perennial plantations, and gives recommendations for prevention of negative results. Realization of these recommendations can significantly increase the efficiency of land use.


The splitting of elliptic flow measured in different regions of the momentum space of produced hadrons has been recently studied in transport models and proposed as a sensitive probe of the angular momentum carried by the fireball produced in a relativistic heavy ion collision. The initial state angular momentum also gives rise to rapidity odd directed flow which has been measured. We consider a relativistic hydrodynamic framework with the initial matter distribution suitably calibrated to describe the observed directed flow and apply it to study the spilt in the elliptic flow. Our study suggests that the split in the elliptic flow is mostly driven by directed and triangular flows and may be used to constrain models of initial state rapidity distribution of matter in the fireball.


Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1. Palestinians in Camps: Closed Versus Open Space ............................................ 3 2. Palestinians in Lebanon ..................................................................................... 5 Tawtīn as Scarecrow ........................................................................................... 7 3. Camps as Humanitarian Space ........................................................................... 8 4. Closed Camps: Between Space of Exception and Space of Void ...................... 10 5. Epilogue: Camps as Laboratories ..................................................................... 13


In this paper, we investigate the insurance choice of a risk-averse and prudent insured by assuming that the insurance premium is calculated by a general mean–variance principle. This general class of premium principles encompasses many widely used premium principles such as expected value, variance related, modified variance and mean value principles. We show that any admissible insurance contract, in which the marginal indemnity above a deductible minimum is decreasing in the loss and has a value greater than zero and less than one, is suboptimal to a dual change-loss insurance policy or a change-loss insurance policy, depending upon the coefficient of variation of the ceded loss. Especially for variance related premium principles, it is shown that the change-loss insurance is optimal. In addition to change-loss insurance, a numerical example illustrates that the dual change-loss insurance may also be an optimal choice when the insurance premium is calculated by mean value principle.


The development and demonstration of a "polished panel" optical receiver concept on the 34 meter research antenna of the Deep Space Network (DSN) has been the subject of recent papers. This concept would enable simultaneous reception of optical and microwave signals by retaining the original shape of the main reflector for microwave reception, but with the aluminum panels polished to high reflectivity to enable focusing of optical signal energy as well. A test setup has been installed on the DSN's 34 meter research antenna at Deep Space Station 13 (DSS-13) of NASA's Goldstone Communications Complex in California, and preliminary experimental results have been obtained. This paper describes the results of our latest efforts to improve the point-spread function (PSF) generated by a custom polished panel, in an attempt to reduce the dimensions of the PSF, thus enabling more precise tracking and improved detection performance. The design of the new mechanical support structure and its operation are described, and the results quantified in terms of improvements in collected signal energy and optical communications performance, based on data obtained while tracking the planet Jupiter with the 34 meter research antenna at DSS-13.


CASE DESCRIPTION This case focuses primarily on entrepreneurship and the problems facing entrepreneurs in today's volatile economic environment. The case is appropriate for courses in entrepreneurship, small business management, and strategic management. The case examines the life of Richard Branson and Virgin, Inc. and has a difficulty level two. It is appropriate for freshmen and sophomores. It can be taught in a 75 minute course period and the case preparation time is approximately two hours. CASE SYNOPSIS Richard Branson built a billion dollar company based on numerous entrepreneurial endeavors, however he was facing one of the most difficult times in his career. The global economic crisis had a significant negative impact on his companies' revenues and earnings. Virgin, Inc. was down 40%. The world was stuck in the worst economic crisis since the 1930's. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) had collapsed 55% from 2007 to 2009 and the banking system was on the verge of collapse. Yet, Branson was optimistic because he was thinking about what opportunities lay ahead. He had five billion dollars in cash and needed to determine what strategies he must utilize to manage and grow his firm through this chaos. INTRODUCTION Sir Richard Branson was pontificating as he was flying in his hot air balloon trip from England to the United States. He had built a billion dollar company based on numerous entrepreneurial endeavors since his youth. As he reminisced about his life, he thought diligently about the dire economic situation the world was facing in March, 2009. The global economic crisis had a significant negative impact on his companies' revenues and earnings, they were down 40%. Furthermore, a lack of consumer spending and a new all-time low in consumer confidence were all having negative impacts on his businesses. Virgin was trying to determine how they were going to navigate during the worst recession the United States had seen since the Great Depression. (1) The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) had collapsed 55% from 2007 to 2009 and the banking system was on the verge of collapse. The stock market had not collapsed like this since the Great Depression when the stock market fell by 89% from 1930 to 1932. Yet, Branson was optimistic because he was thinking about what opportunities lay ahead. He had five billion dollars in cash and needed to determine what strategies he must utilize to manage and grow his firm through this chaos. RICHARD BRANSON Born in England on July 18, 1950, Sir Richard Branson's mother was a stewardess, father was a lawyer, and grandfather was a judge. Branson remembers his childhood with his two younger sisters as happy. His parents encouraged independence. Branson's confidence in his ability to analyze a situation and make it work was evident early. Although he was a mediocre student, Branson insisted that he could run the school he attended more effectively and efficiently than the headmaster. One aspect of the school that Branson thought he could improve was the creation and enactment of school rules. Branson insisted that one rule he could improve was, "Allow all sixth-formers [final year students] to drink two pints of beer a day." (2) The lessons that Branson learned and his personality traits were fundamental to his business success. Branson's mother, Eve, focused on challenging her children so they could enhance their confidence, growth, and development. According to Branson, "I remember that my parents continually set challenges for us. My mother was determined to make us independent." (3) Branson's mother was raised in a family that encouraged women to strive to live more than just a domestic existence. She had drive and determination and wanted to instill this in her children. By the age of 27, Branson's mother was married to Ted Branson (Richard's father), was a dancer, and was performing in local London theaters. …


Federico Barocci was among the most admired painters in sixteenth-century Italy, but the distinctive nature of his compelling altarpieces and their historical importance have never been fully understood. This important study relates Barocci's achievements to transformations in the theory and practice of painting during an era in which pictorial developments generated deep tensions for ecclesiastical art. Barocci was celebrated as one of the only painters whose religious works combined the sensuous allure increasingly desired in modern art with profound devotion. Through a close study of Barocci's work and of documents ranging from letters to art theory, Stuart Lingo reconstructs how the painter accomplished his artistic and cultural miracle. In so doing, he offers new insights into critical artistic issues in the late Renaissance, from the cultural significance of stylistic choices to the early development of analogies between painting and music as affective arts.


The employees of banking sector envision that Information Systems will have a major influence on their working style will be highly innovative. Their paperless office will be highly automated for office activities e.g. recruitment, training, performance measurement etc. The objective of this research is to trace the emergence of e-HRM practices in banking sector and to find out the impact of E-HRM System on organizational performance and to offer recommendations and suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of e-HRM systems. The study is confined to the Delhionly and a sample size of 150 public and private sector Bank employees. The research instruments used were questionnaire. Appropriate Statistical tools including Chi-Square Test, Percentage, wherever applicable have been applied to draw logical conclusions from the data.


Aim: This study aims to evaluate the color change in enamel bleached with herbal bleaching agents using a spectrophotometer. Materials and methods: Baseline color values of 40 randomly selected artificially stained premolars were obtained. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. Group 1 (n-10)-Musa sapientum, group 2–citrus sinensis, group 3–citrus limon, control group 4 to 35% hydrogen peroxide. The color difference was examined using spectrophotometer Results: All the agents that have been tested showed a significant color change since ΔE is more than 3.3, of which Musa sapientum gives the best result as compared to citrous groups. Statistical analysis: The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, Musa sapientum whitens the teeth better than citrus sinensis and citrus limon but lesser than hydrogen peroxide.


Since the forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front seized Addis Ababa in May 1991, Ethiopia has been up for grabs past, present and future. The collapse of Mengistu Haile Mariam's regime signalled the failure of a mission which may be traced back to the accession of the emperor Tewodros in 1855: the attempt to create a centralised and multi-ethnic Ethiopian state, on the base provided by the historic empire and the Coptic Orthodox peoples of the northern Ethiopian plateau. This enterprise was vastly extended in scope and complexity, and anchored in the region of Shoa, following Menilek's accession in 1889 and his conquests in what then became southern and western Ethiopia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was carried forward with considerable (though flawed) success by Haile-Selassie, and utimately pursued to the point of destruction by the military Marxist regime that took power after 1974. Amidst the ruins of Shoan centralism, the issues not simply of what Ethiopia should become, but of what it is and has hitherto been, are all open to question. This disparate collection of books were mostly written and published before 1991, but all of them illuminate the range of experiences from which the current dilemmas of Ethiopianism have been derived.


The lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase (Hex, EC 184.108.40.206) was purified from human serum and placental tissue. On gel chromatography, Hex isoenzymes (Hex A, B and P) from serum showed a molecular weight of about 150 kDa, i.e. higher than the 120 kDa found for the placental (tissue) isoenzymes (Hex A and B). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of non-reduced serum Hex A revealed two different subunits, denoted α and β, corresponding to apparent molecular weights of 70 and 67 kDa, respectively. Serum Hex B and Hex P were composed of β-subunits only. In contrast, the apparent molecular weights of the α- and β-subunits originating from tissue were both 55 kDa. Reduction of tissue Hex A and Hex B resulted in cleavage of the β-subunit into several fragments, whereas the β-subunit in serum forms was resistant to this treatment. These results are consistent with the serum forms never having entered the lysosome prior to their release to the extracellular environment and serum forms can theref...


The advantages of a propfan powered aircraft for the commercial air transportation system were assessed by the comparison with an equivalent turbofan transport. Comparisons were accomplished on the basis of fuel utilization and operating costs, as well as aircraft weight and size. Advantages of the propfan aircraft, concerning fuel utilization and operating costs, were accomplished by considering: (1) incorporation of propfan performance and acoustic data; (2) revised mission profiles (longer design range and reduction in; and cruise speed) (3) utilization of alternate and advanced technology engines.


Most health researchers start out with the kernel of a research idea or a topic of interest, usually followed by some serious thinking about how to go about researching it. This practical solution-finding, how-do-I-do-this human tendency can lead many of us to focus on the technical methods of undertaking the research (which is also the main focus of this Handbook). However, in doing so, it is easy to omit a vital element of research design, which is, identifying the paradigm in which the research is located. All researchers are guided by principles which relate to how they see reality (what is the nature of reality or what is known), known as ontology, and their own relationship to what is known, its possibility and its scope (what types of knowledge are possible and how to ensure they are legitimate), known as epistemology (Hamlyn 1984; Crotty 1998; Collis and Hussey 2014). Identifying how knowledge is perceived (ontology) and the relationship between the 'inquirer' (Denzin and Lincoln 2011, p. 12) (that is, the researcher) and what is known (epistemology) enables the researcher to ascertain how the world is or can be known, that is, the practices to be used, known as methodology. The three elements of ontology, epistemology and methodology coalesce together in a paradigm. A paradigm is a framework consisting of beliefs, assumptions and propositions which stem from what is known, the relationship between the researcher and that knowledge, and how the knowledge can be accessed, which orientate thinking and guide how the research should be conducted (Guba 1990). For researchers, identifying and examining the paradigm in which they and the research is located is important to avoid conducting research that rests on unrecognized assumptions (Mertens 2014).


This paper deals with a precision cutting (shaper) of micro none-axi-symmetric aspherical surface. Ultra-precision cutting (shaper) system of micro none-axi-symmetric aspherical surface was developed. In this system, a round shaped single crystal diamond tool was used and it was controlled 3-dimentionally with 1nm resolution by linear scale feedback system. In the cutting tests, the moulding dies of Ni-P alloy for multi array (fly eves) lenses were examined.


Scorpions sometimes capture and crush prey with their pedipalps and do not use their sting t o inject venom. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that sting use is selective, resulting in conser- vation of venom. Sting use in relation to prey size and activity was studied in two African scorpions, Parabuthu s liosoma and P. pallidus . Restrictive use of the sting was observed in both species . Decreased use of the stin g occurred with decreasing size/resistance of the prey . Also, prey were not stung immediately after being seized , but only after resisting capture . The scorpions did not sting non-resistant prey . These results support the notion that sting use depends upon the size, morphology and resistance of the prey as determined during initia l interactions with the scorpion .


While some, more or less radical, distinction between language and linguistic behaviour (between language and speech, language and communication, sentence and utterance) is universally assumed, the nature of the relation between them is less often addressed or characterised in a manner satisfactory in itself or consistent with the distinctions we wish to make. The more radical the distinction, the more urgent the question of their relation becomes. The paper sketches some of the problems and outlines a proposal. This takes the form of a Representational Hypothesis about the relation, designed to be consistent with (and render defensible) a very radical distinction between language and such behaviour. The discussion focuses on ambiguity both for itself and for illustrative purposes. It is suggested that ambiguity is not a linguistically semantic phenomenon and indeed not linguistic.


In this paper I consider recent patterns of change in the labour market, placing particular emphasis on the way in which labour demand has shifted in favour of workers with more skills and education. The paper describes recent trends and critically evaluates the role played by skill-biased technological change. It also presents some recent evidence on the relation between relative demand shifts and computerization in the UK and US, showing that the links between simple headcount measures of computer use at work and shifts in skill demand were moderated in the 1990s as compared to the 1980s. JEL Classification: J0.


Aspects of toxicity and activity of acephate were studied in non-diapausing, laboratory-bred larvae of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, larvae of Anagasta kuehneilla (Zeller), and in male Wistar rats. Inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro was also investigated. Topically applied acephate was twice as toxic to last-instar larvae of C. occidentalis as to last-instar larvae of A. kuehniella. However, it was less toxic to C. occidentalis larvae than methamidophos or paraxon. These results were supported by a series of in-vitro experiments in which anti-AChE activity decreased in the order: paraoxon methamidophos acephate. There was indication that acephate per se inhibits AChE in vitro in proportion to its toxicity in vivo.


This book focuses on tumors of the pancreas, both exocrine and endocrine, and is an excellent review and reference book on this subject for gastroenterologists, general internists, and surgeons. The book has been edited and is largely written by A. R. Moossa, MD, in collaboration with 27 colleagues from the University of Chicago and several other institutions. The early chapters provide excellent reviews of the surgical anatomy, cellular composition, and physiology of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. The illustrations in these sections are excellent. There is a comprehensive review of experimental tumors of the pancreas by Pour and Wilson. Surgical pathology is well covered, in regard to both exocrine tumors and endocrine lesions. Eight chapters are devoted to a review of diagnostic studies of pancreatic tumors, including standard radiological investigation, radioisotope scans, ultrasonography and computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, angiography, pancreatic function tests, secretory studies, and the value of serum


We identify the L dwarf 2MASS J20261584−2943124 as an unresolved spectral binary, based on low-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopy from IRTF/SpeX. The data reveal a peculiar absorption feature at 1.6 μm, previously noted in the spectra of other very low-mass spectral binaries, which likely arises from overlapping FeH and CH4 absorption bands in the blended light of an L dwarf/T dwarf pair. Spectral template matching analysis indicates component types of L0.5 and T6, with relative brightness ΔH = 4.2 ± 0.6. Laser guide star adaptive optics imaging observations with Keck/NIRC2 fail to resolve the source, indicating a maximum separation at the observing epoch of 0.″25, or a projected separation of 9 AU assuming a distance of 36 ± 5 pc. With an age that is likely to be relatively older (≳5 Gyr) based on the system's large Vtan and mass ratio arguments, the relative motion of the potentially "massive" (0.06–0.08 M☉) components of 2MASS J2026−2943 may be detectable through radial velocity variations, like its earlier-type counterpart 2MASS J03202839−0446358 (M8+T5), providing dynamical mass measurements that span the hydrogen burning limit.


Over the past decade, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells based on blends of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives (e.g., P3HT:PCBM blend) have drawn a huge attention in research due to their high conversion efficiency, solution-based easy fabrication, and abundant availability. Although presently BHJ cells show a reasonable power conversion efficiency (almost 10 %), further efficiency improvements/optimizations seem very likely by better understanding the operating principles through accurate physics-based modeling and optimizations.

In this thesis, a physics-based explicit mathematical model for the external voltage-dependent forward dark current in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is developed by considering Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and solving the continuity equations for both electrons and holes with proper boundary conditions. An analytical model for the external voltage-dependent photocurrent in BHJ organic solar cells is also proposed by incorporating exponential photon absorption, dissociation efficiency of bound electron-hole pairs (EHPs), carrier trapping, and carrier drift and diffusion in the photon absorption layer. Modified Braun's model is used to compute the electric field-dependent dissociation efficiency of the bound EHPs. The overall net current is calculated considering the actual solar spectrum. The mathematical models are verifield by comparing the model calculations with various published experimental results. We analyze the effects of the contact properties, blend compositions, charge carrier transport properties (carrier mobility and lifetime), and cell design on the current-voltage characteristics. The power conversion efficiency of BHJ organic solar cells mostly depends on electron transport properties (both the mobility and lifetime) of the acceptor layer. The results of this paper indicate that improvement of charge carrier transport (both mobility and lifetime) and dissociation of bound EHPs in organic blend are critically important to increase the power conversion efficiency of the BHJ solar cells.


Laser cutting of textiles with excimer lasers was undertaken for the Amtex program at Los Alamos. These studies were carried out in tandem with laser cutting studies at YAG and copper vapor laser (Green) wavelengths at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at CO2 wavelengths at the Argonne National Laboratory. Laser ablation through the process of photo chemical bond breaking at UV (XeCl at 308 nm) wavelengths proved to be at least a factor of 24 more efficient than thermal ablation at the longer YAG wavelength (1.06 (mu) ). We project that a diffraction limited 100 watt XeCl laser is capable of cutting at a rate of 500 cm/sec (200 in/sec) for all cloths tested with the exception of denim and air bag material.


This paper describes various but still flow-equivalent analog realizations of the fourth-order autonomous deterministic system which exhibits the so-called Hamiltonian dynamics. Design process is described in step-by-step manner and supported by a deep experimental measurement. The main motivation of this work is to prove that mathematical model characterized by a state space volume conserving property can be successfully modeled by several lumped electronic circuits; each having cheap and off-the-shelf components but still providing structurally stable strange attractor.


The Renormalization Group is the name given to a technique for analyzing the qualitative behaviour of a class of physical systems by iterating a map on the vector space of interactions for the class. In a typical non-rigorous application of this technique one assumes, based on one's physical intuition, that only a certain nite dimensional subspace (usually of dimension three or less) is important. These notes concern a technique for


The simulation of observing and aiming system is used for training, taking the corresponded fire control simulation system in flight simulator as the core. This paper discusses the multi-target positioning and tracking algorithm in the simulation of the observing and aiming system. Based on the three dimensional calculation to the targets and the aircraft itself, and through analysis to the error of dynamic data, the support vector regression of machine learning algorithm was introduced for target tracking and predicting. The algorithm has been applied in training, which solved the problem of target positioning and tracking in operational training.


Background: Approximately 30%–40% patients suffer with lung function issues in spite of successful treatment outcome; and these problems are less documented routinely. Methods: Prospective multicentric study conducted during July 2013–June 2017, to find pulmonary function assessment in posttuberculosis (TB) cases irrespective of their symptoms, included 500 cases in symptomatic and asymptomatic group and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were subjected to spirometry analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. Results: In spirometry assessment of symptomatic post-TB cases, obstructive pattern was predominant type documented in 42% cases. In spirometry assessment of asymptomatic post-TB cases, obstructive pattern is documented in 32%, mixed pattern in 14%, and normal spirometry is documented in 46% cases. In spirometry assessment in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, obstructive pattern is documented in 210 cases and 160 cases, respectively (P < 0.00001). Abnormal lung function is documented in 70% and 54% in symptomatic and asymptomatic post-TB cases, respectively (P < 0.00001). Conclusions: Lung function impairment is known to occur after pulmonary TB irrespective of duration of treatment and outcome of disease. Obstructive lung disease is the predominant lung function impairment in symptomatic cases. Significant number of asymptomatic cases are also having obstructive pattern of lung function in spirometry analysis.


The increased numbers of wells both onshore and offshore which must be directionally drilled to reach their intended objective has increased significantly in the past ten years. These directionally drilled wells show bed thickness to be too great, the amount depending upon the direction of dip of the measured formation and the drift angle and direction of the borehole. To rectify these differences in thickness for mapping and reserves estimation, different approaches have been used. The most frequently used method is the True Vertical Depth log which computes each point to the depth it would appear if the hole were drilled vertically. For mapping purposes, this approach is better than the information derived from the original open hole log, but is not accurate enough in highly deviated wells. The True Vertical Thickness log is derived by computing each bed as though the borehole passed through it in a vertical direction. This method results in improved data for reserves determination and also better precision for subsurface mapping points. The True Stratigraphic Thickness log is computed to provide the actual thickness of a given formation perpendicular to the bedding planes. The True Vertical Thickness, True Stratigraphic Thickness, and True Vertical Depth logs can be presented on the same plot. However, it is usually best to plot each as an individual log to reduce the amount of information which must be evaluated. The dip angle and direction of target formations must be known before the True Stratigraphic Thickness log can be run. This information can be most reliably derived from Diploedata. However, dip data from other sources can be used in the program if a Diplog is not available. A review of the mathematics involved in the computation and some computed examples are included in the paper. INTRODUCTION Programs are now available for computing vertical thickness and true stratigraphic thickness from sets of well logs. These particular computations are of considerable usefulness to those concerned with determining reserves in an area which is characterized by wells with high borehole angles and/or steep dips. The program Dresser Atlas now uses takes the well information from magnetic tapes produced at the well site or from logs digitized at the office. The information output from the computer can be any one or all of the following: (1) the true vertical depth plot, (2) the true vertical thickness plot, which adds all the computed vertical thicknesses of the encountered beds to produce a log, or (3) a stratigraphic thickness log, which adds the normal (or horizontal) bed thicknesses of the formations encountered.


In the cache networks, bringing the contents closer to the end users by caching them at the edge nodes helps to reduce the transit traffic and to increase the quality-of-experience of the end users. Recently, adaptive bit-rate (ABR) streaming becomes a major technique to deliver the video contents to the end users in the Internet. With ABR, each video content is stored with several levels of representations corresponding to multiple bit-rates. A higher bit-rate representation yields a higher user satisfaction, but consumes more storage. Given the content popularity distribution, this paper proposes an optimal content placement model maximizing the sum of user satisfaction of all contents. The content placement problem is usually a large-scale optimization problem due to the large number of content items in the network. With mild assumption on the probability density function of the content popularity distribution, we reduce the large-scale problem to an equivalent small-scale convex problem in which the number of variables is only the number of levels of representations.


Equine sarcoids are the most common equine skin tumors distributed world-wide which affects horses, donkeys and mules. Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is causally associated with equine sarcoid with genetic, fly vectors and skin trauma identified as potential predisposing factors for development of the disease. The methods of transmission are contamination of the environment with subsequent trauma; infection of the skin direct or indirect transmission from affected animals; biting, rubbing, fomites or management practices and face flies. Dermatophytis, chronic skin rubbing, equine papilomatosis, squamous cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma and granulation tissue are the common differential diagnoses of equine sarcoids. Clinical examination, histopathology, detection of BPVDNA by PCR, electron microscope and immunohistochemistry are the diagnostic technique of equine sarcoid. The histopathological characteristics of sarcoids, found that the classic epithelial changes of hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, elongated rete pegs and picket fence. Treatment of equine sarcoids are challenging for the veterinarians due to the variable clinical presentation of the lesions and the frequent local recurrences. Both surgical and non-surgical techniques are used for the treatment of equine sarcoids with variable success rates. None of the current treatment techniques for equine sarcoid have been proven to be 100% successful. Awareness enhancement to make equine owners, prevention of fly contact, use of breeding from those individuals that are 'immune', high genetic resistance, early diagnosis and treatment of any confirmed lesions are the most valuable prevention methods for equine sarcoids. The objectives of this paper is to review on equine sarcoid and to assess current techniques employed for diagnosis and prevention of equine sarcoid


AbstractSince the financial crisis in 2008, the international construction market has shown a relatively weak state of development. Along with China's "Belt and Road Initiative," an increasing numb...


Mating rituals in Poecilia reticulata can show how sexual selection works, and how both males and females decide on who they will mate with. Males have been shown to be attracted to sexually ready females that are both brightly colored and large. The use of a gravid spot in mating can aid in showing if males are more attracted to females that are ready to mate, or females that have already given birth or are about to give birth. We are testing the function of the gravid spot in courtship behavior, and if it increases the amount of rituals displayed. Our hypothesis is that a bright colored, larger fish model without a gravid spot will have a greater amount of rituals displayed because the gravid spot can be an indication of pregnancy. Our hypothesis was supported since the male displayed more courtship behaviors towards our control model.


We do not have any current data protection challenges Managing multiple data protection vendors/solutions Endpoint (desktop/laptop/handheld) device backup/recovery Protection of SaaS-based applications/workloads Managing high volumes of secondary and tertiary copies of data Meeting/proving compliance requirements Cost(s) Protection of VMs, containers, etc. Need to improve SLAs/RPOs/RTOs Which of the following would you characterize as the top challenges with your organization's current data protection processes and technologies? (Percent of respondents, N=320, three responses accepted) Technical Review


New York City, Nov. 29, 1907. To the Editor: —I have just read the interesting article by Dr. J. R. Judd of Honolulu on the above subject in The Journal, November 30, page 1843. He asks this question: "Why may it not be that in some cases of hemorrhage from the bowel following appendectomy there is a condition similar to that of hematemesis following abdominal operation?" He then quotes Waleh's case from Kelly's book, which in all probability was hemorrhage from a gastric or duodenal ulcer since there was vomiting of blood. As the operator has used a simple ligature around the stump of the appendix, and since hemorrhage did not occur until six days after the operation, bleeding from the stump, in my opinion, was precluded. I have made diligent inquiries by correspondence and personally and before the large assembly of operators, at the meeting at Atlantic City in


This paper argues that the increasing dominance in contemporary criminology of the longitudinal or cohort study is not justified on methodological grounds, that this research design has taken criminological theory in unproductive directions, has produced illusory substantive findings, and has promoted policy conclusions of doubtful utility. In addition, it is noted that longitudinal research is very expensive and therefore has high opportunity costs, costs that have not been properly evaluated. The positive thesis is that many of the apparent benefits of longitudinal research can be obtained by carefully designed and reasonably conceptualized cross-sectional studies, at substantially reduced cost.


Online Prescription System is a web-based information system that can produce a variety of information that can be useful to support the manufacture of a prescription for a patient at the Clinic of Dewa Sehat Pati. The realization of the development of Online Prescription System is capable of making a web information system designed to represent the whole.
Web online prescription is generated is able to manage and display a list of the patient's name, physician data, the data physician assistants, pharmacy employee data, prescription and patient history.
In conducting the analysis and design of this new system, the authors use a prototyping system development methods. Meanwhile, to make the process of analysis, the authors used a method of analysis abbot. Analysis abbot is a way (method) to abstract objects (object) or so-called objectoriented systems analysis. Last in doing the design of objectoriented systems, the authors use design tools such as UML diagrams consisting of class diagrams, use case diagrams and sequence diagrams. From analysis and design, the system generated a new online prescription that can help web-based Clinic of Dewa Sehat Pati in the process of examination of patients and prescribing physicians effectively and efficiently.


This study aims to determine the income of corn farming farmers, the risks faced by corn farming farmers, and how much risk is faced by farmers. The research was conducted in Lompad Baru Village, Ranoyapo District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from April to August 2022. The selection of respondents was intentional. Primary data is data obtained directly from the field through interviews using a questionnaire to each corn farming farmer. Secondary data, namely data obtained through related agencies such as the field agricultural extension office in Ranoyapo District and the Lompad Baru Village office. The results showed that the total income earned by all corn farming farmers was IDR14,200,000 with an average income earned by corn farming farmers amounting to IDR1,420,000. The risks of corn farming in the study area are production risks originating from disturbances of plant-disturbing organisms (pests, diseases and weeds), erratic weather/climate (long dry spells) and minimal availability of subsidized seeds; price/market risk stems from high corn fertilizer prices and high pesticide prices; institutional risk; human risk; financial risk. The level of income risk faced by corn farming farmers is low with a coefficient of variation (KV) of 0.56.


The magnetic-field and temperature dependence of the Ginzburg-Landau order parameter {l angle}{ital f}{r angle} is derived from magnetization studies for grain-aligned YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} in the region of thermodynamic reversibility, based on the Hao-Clem model. The value of {l angle}{ital f}{r angle} at 5 T and 89 K is still 52.3% of the zero-field value. Fitting the magnetization data to the Hao-Clem theory reveals that {kappa}{sub {ital c}} is a slowly decreasing function of temperature near {ital T}{sub {ital c}}. {ital H}{sub {ital c}}({ital T}) and {ital H}{sub {ital c}2}({ital T}) were determined with high precision along with the {kappa}{sub {ital c}}({ital T}) values. The detailed shape of the order parameter is derived from {kappa}{sub {ital c}}({ital T}) and {ital H}{sub {ital c}}({ital T}) data. Characteristic variables derived from the data are {ital H}{sub {ital c}}(0)=1.18{times}10{sup 4} Oe, {lambda}{sub {ital a}{ital b}}(0)=1.31{times}10{sup 3} A, and {xi}{sub {ital a}{ital b}}(0)=18 A. The BCS fitting of {ital H}{sub {ital c}} reveals that the value of {minus}{ital dH}{sub {ital c}2}/{ital dT} decreases from 2.25 T/K at {ital T}=82 to 1.9 T/K at {ital T}{sub {ital c}} of 92.4 K.


This study provides a climatological view of density cell structures at high latitudes in the lower thermosphere, using neutral mass density at 270 km derived from Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. Three types of the density cells named isolated low, isolated high, and wavy density cells are analyzed. Our results revealed that the density cell structures generally occur in the Northern Hemisphere and the local summer, but they are less frequently observed in the Southern Hemisphere. The low density cell tends to have greater occurrence in the dawn side than in other sampled local times, while the high and wavy density cells occur more frequently in the morning side in terms of the GOCE trajectory. Moreover, the characteristics of density cell structures, including the central locations, horizontal scales, and relative magnitudes, strongly depend on the type of the density cell structure. These results can serve as a baseline to further validate the theoretical models and also to improve our understanding of the density variability of the lower thermosphere at high latitudes.


In 1963 Murray et al reported the first successful pregnancy in a patient who received a renal transplant from an identical twin sister. With the advent of new immunosuppressive agents in the 1980s, transplant recipients are living longer, healthier lives. Women who before did not have a chance to live, much less conceive, are now carrying and delivering healthy children. Obstetric management of such patients must be planned and managed as a high-risk situation and requires strict multidisciplinary surveillance. The pregnancy in transplant recipients presents the same management problems, apart from graft kind. The results of pregnancy have been the subject of many reviews. The success rate appears to be better 2 years after transplantation and with a good and stable organ function. The complication rate in pregnancy is high, particularly prior to 28 weeks' gestation. Most transplant recipients are treated with azathioprine, corticosteroids, and cyclosporin (CyA). All these drugs have potential adverse effect. Immunosuppressive therapy is usually maintained at pre-pregnancy levels but adjustments may be needed if maternal leukocyte or platelet counts decrease. Azathioprine liver toxicity has been noted occasionally during pregnancy and responds to dose reduction. Very little information is available concerning the pharmacokinetic behavior and monitoring of CyA during pregnancy. The most common alteration to immunosuppressive therapy involved increasing CyA doses caused by decreasing CyA levels during pregnancy. An increase in congenital anomalies and genetic disease have not been reported in human studies that are limited in sample size. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of CyA on the immune system of infants exposed to this drug in utero. Chromosomal aberrations on lymphocytes, due to azathioprine therapy, usually clears within 20-32 months after birth. Serious rejection episodes may occur during pregnancy. Incidence of rejection is no greater than that expected for nonpregnant patients. Rejection was recorded in the early postpartum period and puerperium when maternal immune competence returns to its prepregnancy levels. Maternal death rate is therefore high. Neonatal risks include respiratory distress syndrome, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, adrenocortical insufficiency and infection (CMV, toxoplasmosis, Herpes virus). In conclusion, mothers should be considered high risk for evidence of rejection and for obstetric complications, while infants should be observed for congenital abnormalities and perinatal morbidity or mortality.


Abstract: This study investigates gender differences in the salaries of college admissions officers. After statistically removing differences associated with institutional and other personal characteristics used to determine salary, women admissions officers received $1,00 to $3,000 less annually than did men admissions officers. Gender differences in pay increased from 1980 to 1982.


Disposal of radioactive material at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) requires that the transport of radioactive waste materials be analyzed independently for each radionuclide in order to determine the permissible radionuclide inventory limits for the disposal facility. This paper addresses the sensitivity of the radionuclide concentration in groundwater with respect to the waste configuration, waste inventory, and the retardation of the radionuclides considered. I-129 wastes to be disposed in trenches at SRS may assume a wide range of soil-solute distribution coefficients (kd), or equivalently, retardation (R) values. The present work outlines a PORFLOW-based simulation model to analyze the transport of I-129 in the vadose zone with emphasis on the sensitivity of I-129 flux in groundwater to waste configuration, inventory, and retardation. Sensitivity analysis results stress the importance of waste configuration management, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of effective waste disposal strategies.


Objective To investigate a proteome profile of urine in children with steroid-resistant or-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS)by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE),in order to search for the different proteins for the further study of steroid-resistant mechanisms in INS.Methods Collect urine samples from children with steroid-resistant INS(SSNS),steroid-sensitive INS(SRNS)before and after steroid therapy,then use 2-DE and Image Master 2D V3.01 software to analyze the different expression of proteins in 2-DE gels.Results Mean protein spots of the 2-DE gels were(206±8),(204±5),(55±5)in children with SRNS,SSNS before or after steroid treatment.Sixty-six different protein spots were screened between the SRNS and SSNS group before steroid therapy.Thirty-three different protein spots were screened between SRNS and SSNS after steroid therapy.Conclusion A distinct and reproducible 2-DE profile of urine proteome is successfully established in children with steroid-resistant and steroid-sensitive INS.By the differentiated analysis,the differences of urine proteome profiles are discovered between steroid-resistant and steroid-sensitive INS,and some of these special proteins may be related to the mechanism of steroid-resistant and steroid-sensitive in INS.


In this paper, a second stage for algorithms applying iterat ive soft decision interference cancellation (ISDIC) [1], [2], [3], [4] for channel equalization is proposed performi ng error search and correction. Analysis by simulations shows that a matched filter (MF) ISDIC with subsequent second stage can outperform a more complex minimum mean–squared error (MMSE) ISDIC. Furthermore, the latter c an be improved by the proposed second stage by up to 2 dB. It is shown that the ISDIC scheme with following second st age can reach the matched filter bound up to a fraction of a dB for all analyzed channels and 4QAM transm is ion and up to1 dB for 16QAM transmission. In [1] it has been reported that the MF ISDIC performs very wel l for highly dispersive channels, e.g. with 60 symbol–spaced paths, but for channels of moderate dispersi on an error floor occurs. Utilizing performance bounds for delayed decision–feedback sequence estimation (DDFSE ) we show that now already for channels of moderate length, e.g.20 symbol–spaced taps, even the low–complexity MF ISDIC with t he proposed subsequent second stage outperforms a DDFSE approach with about 10 states.


The claims in this essay are of three types, philosophical, historical and sociological. The basic philosophical claim concerns the concepts of social solidarity, moral capacity, secular-scientific worldview, and their relationships. Social solidarity means respect for the interests of the other human beings, as interests having in society the same value as one's own. Moral capacity means believing in moral values, where these are universal principles giving an absolute meaning to human life. In this sense a person may possess social solidarity and yet no real moral capacity, while the secular-scientific worldview is intrinsically devoid of moral values because it has no room for absolute meanings. However, individual liberty-independence, properly defined, is the only absolute meaning of human life, and thus the only moral value, compatible with the secular worldview. The basic historical claim is that in the west, following the transition from feudal-aristocratic to capitalist -liberal societies, the secular worldview, driven by the power of scientific-technological progress, has eroded the metaphysical, religious and ideological ones, becoming the dominant ingredient of culture and institutions. Since the secularization process tends to destroy values without replacing them, contemporary liberal capitalist and secularized societies tend to become societies without values. The basic sociological claim concerns the unique power of individual real moral capacity in guiding behaviour. The ordinary citizen's recognition of individual liberty-independence as the only public moral value is a necessary condition for ensuring the good functioning of the public and private economies and of liberal political institutions, where "good" means consistent with the safeguarding of individual liberty-independence as a universal ethical principle in


The effect of a male antifertility compound gossypol on the enzymatic activity and fluorescence of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A 2(ppⅠ PLA 2,EC 3 1 1 4)has been studied by microplate assay and fluorescence assay on the incubated mixture with or without dialysis.Gossypol interacted with ppⅠ PLA 2 resulting in forming a complex and diminishing enzymatic activity and fluorescence intensity.The drug enzyme interaction was irreversible by aqueous dialysis.The hydrolysis activity of ppⅠ PLA 2(4 11 μmol/L)toward a synthesized substrate 2 hexadecanoylthio 1 ethyl phosphorylcholine(HEPC,0 25 mmol/L)was completely inhibited by 80 μmol/L gossypol with an apparent IC 50 of 35 μmol/L.There was a good linearity between fluorescence intensities and concentrations of ppⅠ PLA 2 with maximal excitation and emission wavelength at 275 nm and 343 nm,respectively.Gossypol caused a red shift in the maximal emission of about 5 nm and strongly quenched the fluorescence intensity of ppⅠ PLA 2.Since PLA 2 is very important to male fertility,the influence of gossypol on PLA 2 probably correlates with its mechanism of male antifertility and adverse effect.


ABSTRCT This article describes constructions of dybbuk, the Jewish variant of spirit possession, and its roots in sixteenth-century Kabbalist thought. Based on the analysis of documented early cases, this paper examines the possession idioms from psychological and socio-cultural perspectives by describing two case reports herein conceptualized as trance possession disorders. A comparison with the phenomenology of Dissociative Identity Disorder shows a striking resemblance between the syndromes. This culture-bound condition is discussed both in terms of its intra-psychic dynamics and its societal functions.


In China's current science and technology management system,scientific and technological achievements appraisal,scientific and technological input and scientific and technological talent policy are the cores of this system.Because its main actors are the public power sector,the government authorities,the actual operation reveals a number of institutional issues,such as public technology services unequal and unfair,policies,resources and money inefficiently or wastefully used,which constrain the progress and innovation of science and technology.The third sector,the actor of the technology consortium,undertakes the above-mentioned functions of the government.The third sector is fair,extensive,scientific,democratic,professional and independent-oriented.It is the next breakthrough of the reform.This paper will demonstrate its necessity and legitimacy and propose recommendations accordingly.


The compounds RETGa3 (RE = Rare Earths; T = Ni, Cu, Ag) were synthesized by various techniques. Preliminary X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature suggests that compounds crystallize in the tetragonal system with either centrosymmetric space group I4/mmm (BaAl4 type) or non-centrosymmetricI4mm (BaNiSn3 type). A detailed single crystal XRD, neutron diffraction and synchrotron XRD on selected compounds confirmed the non-centrosymmetric BaNiSn3 structure type at room temperature with space group I4mm. Temperature dependent single crystal XRD and powder XRD and synchrotron beamline measurements show a structural transition between centro-and non-centro symmetry followed by a phase transition to the Rb5Hg19 type (I4/m space group) above 400 K and another transition to the Cu3Au structure type (Pm m) above 700 K. Combined single crystal X-ray and synchrotron powder X-ray studies of PrCuGa3 at high temperatures reveal structural transitions at higher temperatures, highlighting the closeness of the BaNiSn3 structure to other structure types not known to the RECuGa3 family. YbCuGa3 crystallizes in a new structure type in the monoclinic space group C2/m, which is the first monoclinic system in the RETX3 family. The crystal structure of all RETGa3 is composed of eight capped hexagonal prism cages [RE4T4Ga12] occupying one rare earth atom in each ring which are shared through the edge of T and Ga atoms along ab plane resulted in a three dimensional network. Resistivity and magnetization measurements demonstrate that all these compounds undergo magnetic ordering at temperatures between 1.8 and 80 K, apart from the Pr and La compounds: the former remains paramagnetic down to 0.3 K, while superconductivity has been observed in the La compound at T = 1 K. It is not clear if this is intrinsic or due to filamentary Ga present in the sample. The divalent nature of Eu in EuTGa3 and mixed valent Yb in YbTGa3 compounds were confirmed by magnetization measurements and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and is further supported by the crystal structure analysis. Temperature dependent single crystal XRD measurements on REAgGa3 suggests almost constant c parameter in all the compounds in the temperature range of 100-450 K, showing anisotropic zero thermal expansion in c direction. Electrical resistivity measurements reveal that all of the compounds from this series are metallic in nature. REAgGa3 materials show fermi liquid behavior at lower temp range.


Papers pp 271, 274

Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, or psychological. Physical and sexual violence by an intimate partner are common problems, affecting 20-50% of women at some stage in life in most populations surveyed globally.1 Between 3% and 50% of women have experienced it in the past year.1 Domestic violence has a profound impact on the physical and mental health of those who experience it. As well as injuries, it is associated with an increased risk of a range of physical and mental health problems and is an important cause of mortality from injuries and suicide.2

Review of international literature on risk of domestic violence shows that although it is greatest in relationships and communities where the use of violence in many situations is normative, notably when witnessed in childhood, it is substantially a product of gender inequality and the lesser status of women compared with men in society.3 Except for poverty, few social and demographic characteristics define risk groups. Poverty increases vulnerability through increasing relationship conflict, reducing women's economic and educational power, and reducing the ability of men to live in a manner that they regard as successful. Violence is used frequently to resolve a crisis of male identity. Domestic violence is often associated …


An image spatial semi-fragile watermarking algorithm was proposed by exploiting the contrast sensitivity of the host image.The watermark bit was embedded into the host image by adaptive least significant bit(LSB) substitution and the bit-plane of each pixel for data embedding was determined by the contrast sensitivity.The algorithm deduced theoretically the adaptive threshold for automatic tampering detection and location,and has good transparency because of the exploiting of the contrast sensitivity.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has good robustness against admissible incidental attacks,while it is sensitive to malicious attacks,and even can localize the tampered region precisely.In addition,this algorithm can distinguish effectively incidental attacks from malicious ones and outperforms other semi-fragile watermarking algorithms at the classification of attacks.


Biometric identification is an important security application that requires non-intrusive capture and real-time processing. Security systems based on fingerprints and retina patterns have been widely developed, but can be easily falsified. Recently, identification by vein patterns has been suggested as a promising alternative. In this paper an existing feature extraction algorithm, that has been developed for fingerprint recognition, is adapted for vein recognition. The algorithm has been implemented as cellular neural network and realized on a field-programmable gate-array. The detection quality is comparable to the 99.45% reached earlier by direct image comparison, but suffers from the image resolution sensitivity of the false feature elimination


This research examines the effects of erroneous estimation of activity durations on two different approaches for executing a resource-constrained project. The two approaches are scheduling and dispatching. This research is conducted in two phases. Phase one examines the performance of scheduling and dispatching rules in a variety of project environments. These project environments are categorized by three different factors, namely, the order strength of the precedence relationship, the level of resource availability and the size of errors in estimating the activity durations. The results show that scheduling generally produces a shorter project completion time than the heuristic dispatching rules. The results also indicate that project environment affects only the relative performance differences of the scheduling and dispatching rules but not their ranking. Phase two examines the effect of rescheduling. The results show that frequent rescheduling improves the project completion time, while the timing of rescheduling has little impact on the improvement in the project completion time. The results also identify the project environments where rescheduling is beneficial.


Geological structure is the master control factor to influence coal and gas outburst.Gliding structures developed widely in western Henan coal field. The mechanism of gliding structure and its control on coal measures,coal seam and gas deposit are researched based on the theory of plate structure and the region tectonic evolvement,collation data systematically about coalfield geological prospecting and plenty of gas geological data that mine disclosed.Gaocheng coal mine located at the western Ludian gliding structure,which is influenced by gliding structural movements two times.The thickness of coal seam changed acutely and the structure coal developed by layer.The roof structure of coal seam can be divided into four failure types,including tensile breccia,fault gouge and breccia,original roof rock,and shear breccia,as well as the gas release and enrichment and the distribution of coal and gas outburst hazard region are controlled by gliding structure.


The explosive decomposition of ethylene oxide vapour has been investigated with initial conditions in the range 20 to 100°C and up to 135 lbf/in abs pressure. Explosion pressures have been observed with improved dynamic recording methods and the explosion products analysed by gas chromatography, whereby the pressure development on explosion has been fully accounted for. Suppression of the explosion by nitrogen has been further studied and shown to be temperature-dependent. Previous apparently discordant results at different temperatures have thus been reconciled. The suppressing effects of carbon dioxide, steam, and ammonia—like that of nitrogen—have been shown to be explicable simply in terms of their thermal capacities. Added methanol and propylene oxide however are decomposed in the explosion flame and exert a more complex effect.


ABSTRACT This article explores the contested politics and interpretations of the new practices of municipal entrepreneurship across local government in the UK. Drawing on empirical evidence from six case studies of entrepreneurship in local councils, descriptions of income-generating projects by officers in thirty authorities, and a series of semi-structured interviews, we identify, name and characterise an emergent discourse of municipal entrepreneurship for the public purpose. We argue that this novel strand of discourse within the wider field of urban entrepreneurialism confers a degree of political agency to local authorities under austerity, while redescribing and attaching commercialism and entrepreneurship to the public good. In so doing, we challenge overly reductionist accounts of local state agency under austerity, and articulate and evaluate the potentials and obstacles for a progressive interventionism in this discursive space.


The purpose of this research paper is thus to investigate the current state of e-participation in a business context. This will be done through analyzing the types of applications that are observable in companies today, the situations where they are used as well as identifying the conditions that influence the implementation of the given applications. The paper will include a thorough literature review calling on both classic HRM as well as e-HRM literature to define a research framework that uses the "Harvard" model of HRM initially defined by Beer et al. (1984), but with a distinct focus on e-participation. Due to the lack of literature dealing with the topic, especially from a business perspective, the research is designed to favor both qualitative as well as quantitative research. Due to unforeseen complications, the intended research was stalled and thus effort was switched to further definitions of the research framework. The end result is a research framework that is supported by both literature as well as expert opinions that is ready for empirical testing of e-participation.


The present invention relates to a high-purity ultrafine zirconium diboride powder material and its preparation method. It is characterized by that the described powder material contains zirconium oxychloride, boron carbide powder and active carbon powder, their mole ratio is ZrOcl2:B4C:C=1:0.4-0.8:1.4-1.8. Its preparation method includes the following steps: firstly, mixing boron carbide powder, active carbon powder and water according to mixing ratio, regulating pH value to obtain mixed suspension; dissolving zirconium oxychloride in deionized water to obtain the zirconium oxychloride solution; mixing the above-mentioned suspension and zirconium oxychloride solution, adding ammonia water, making the zirconium oxychloride be fully hydrolyzed and precipitated; making suspension undergo the processes of solid-liquor separation, waster-washing, removing NH4+ and Cl-, drying and sieving; then placing the powder material into a vacuum furnace to make reaction synthesis, its synthesis temperature is 1500-1600 deg.C, heat-insulating for 0.5-4 h; grinding powder and sieving so as to obtain the invented powder material.


In a democratic society, the desirability of openness and transparency in government decision making would seem nearly self-evident. The average newspaper reader has consumed a steady diet of examples of deception, bigotry, cronyism, and corruption by public officials, providing obvious arguments in favor of greater transparency. But my goal for this essay is to illustrate ways in which the complexity of cognition and motivation make transparency difficult to achieve, even with the full cooperation of well-intentioned government actors. The claim is not that particular judgments themselves are complex; indeed many seeming


The use of experimental development rate information is used to demonstrate various deficiencies in the dissolution rate equations commonly employed in commercial lithography simulation programs. An improved version of the Notch dissolution rate equation, incorporating one new parameter, is proposed, which addresses the observed deficiencies. Simulation work comparing the new equation to the standard Notch model reveals significant differences in process window and exposure margin, yet negligible changes in feature profile and iso-dense bias at best focus and exposure.


The initial formation of the Au-Si(111) 7 × 7 interface has been examined by ARUPS, LEED and AES techniques. At room temperature, strong interactions between Au and Si atoms occur for coverages as low as 0.2 monolayer. This is related to the existence of a 1 × 1 LEED structure, to the suppression of the intrinsic silicon surface states and to the appearance of prominent Au 5d bands. The energy position of the latter structures is compatible with a significant gold-silicon interdiffusion. For increasing coverages, an amorphous Au-Si layer with a more metallic character gradually grows. This is supported by the removal of the 1 × 1 LEED pattern, the lack of influence of polar angle on the photoemission features and the substantial increase of the density of states near the Fermi level, EF. At the same time, the shift of the Au 5d emission towards EF is clearly related to the existence of a gold-rich Si alloy. The effects of annealing on one gold monolayer are presented. A sharp 31/2 × 31/2 R(30 degrees ) LEED pattern is obtained, whereas normal photoemission spectra reveal the existence of electronic states at -1 and -2.6 eV below EF. Their insensitivity to polarisation and their strong dispersion along the Gamma K'M' direction of the surface Brillouin zone show that they correspond to new interface states. These results are discussed in terms of structural models proposed for 31/2 × 31/2 ordered surfaces.