Fern species composition and fern community were observed at oil palm plantation and adjacent natural forest near Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, with respect to tree size and structure. Sixteen fern species were found on oil palm trunks. Six species of Nephrolepis biserrata, Davalia denticulata, Vittaria ensiformis,Asplenium nidus,A. glaucophyllum andA. longissimum are common on various sizes of oil palms (1-8.5m height). Early invasion of fern community on oil palm trunks is conducted by N. biserratas and D. denticulata. Microhabitat of N. biserrata seems to be a sunny site while that of V. ensiformis a shade site on oil palm trunk. Fern species composition and frequency change during oil palm development and with different height. A. nidus sometimes (19% of tall and 3% of all trees) occurs in natural forest; and invades on oil palms exceeding 4m height. A. nidus seem to be a micro-ecosystem for some insects. Such vertical vegetation cover by epiphytic ferns on tree trunk seems to contribute a high phytodiversity at narrow site and insect biodiversity as well as canopy in tropical rain forest.


The experiments were carried out on the permafrost floodplain soils of the Khangalassky region of Yakutia to study the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the forage mass of sickle alfalfa, the variety Yakutskaya yellow. The aim was to substantiate the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of sickle alfalfa cultured in the permafrost floodplain neutral and carbonate soils in combination with floodplain saline soils. The tasks included the following ones: 1) to determine the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface of alfalfa plants; 2) to determine the dependence of alfalfa fodder mass yield on the application of mineral fertilizers. The size of the plots was 20 m2, with fourfold repetition, systematic placement of variants, wide-row sowing method by row spacing of 45 cm. There were 5 variants with different doses of mineral fertilizers in the experiment: 1) Without fertilizers; 2) N30 (PK)60; 3) N60 (PK)90; 4) (NPK)90; 5) (NPK)120. After the conducted studies, it was revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60 (PK)90 provides the formation of the largest leaf area of alfalfa (37.2 thousand m2 ha-1). The maximum dose of mineral fertilizer (NPK)120 contributes to plant foliage increase (up to 42%) and to the highest yield of crescent alfalfa dry weight (4.2 ton ha-1). Sprouting of alfalfa does not show dependence on the application of different doses of mineral fertilizers. A complete relationship was established between the yield of forage mass and the area of alfalfa leaves (r = 1) with the regression coefficient of 0.6 ton ha-1. A strong dependence of forage mass yield was observed on leafiness (r = 0.9) with the regression coefficient of 0.4 ton ha-1, as well as an average negative dependence of the aboveground mass of alfalfa yield on the number of shoots (r = -0.6) with the regression coefficient of -0,5 ton ha-1.


Abstract A mechanistic approach based on finite element analysis of continuum damage as proposed by Kachanov has been used to assess and compare creep deformation, damage and rupture behaviour of 2·25Cr–1Mo, 9Cr–1Mo and modified 9Cr–1Mo ferritic steels. Creep tests were carried out on the steels at 873 K over a stress range of 90–230 MPa. Modified 9Cr–1Mo steel was found to have highest creep deformation and rupture strength whereas 2·25Cr–1Mo steel showed the lowest among the three ferritic steels. Creep damage in the steels has been manifested as the microstructural degradation. 2·25Cr–1Mo steel was more prone to creep damage than 9Cr–steels. Finite element estimation of creep deformation and rupture lives were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.


This analysis has studied natural convection for the temperature-dependent viscosity of fluids inside porous media between two concentric spheres by numerically solving the Brinkman–Darcy–Forchheimer model, vorticity transport, and energy equations. Parameters included Rayleigh numbers (5.0 × 103–8.0 × 104) at radius ratios of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.5 with porosities of 0.4 and 0.9 for variable-viscosity fluids with Prandtl numbers (158, 405, and 720) when the Darcy number was changed at 0.1 and 0.001. The results showed that the mean Nusselt number varied with Rayleigh number, porosity, radius ratio, and variable viscosity but did not change with the Darcy number.


Article 5of Legislation Law Amendment(Draft)is lack of constitutional basis,which will not just cause conflict between the system of people's congress with rule of law,but also has the logic confusion with the Article 4.Article 22 of Legislation Law Amendment(Draft)can not be considered as the modification or extended explanation of Article 100 of Constitution for this article isn't legislated "according to the constitution".Legislation Law Amendment(Draft)is formulated without involving the authorized legislation of the special economic zone,the legislation of the regional national autonomy,or the hierarchy between the decisions and orders issued by the State Council and other legislations.The decisions,orders and the legislations aforesaid should be prescribed in the legislation law.Key words:


REPORT OF A CASE A 52-year-old married civilian employee of the US Army was stationed in Saudi Arabia from July to December 1991. In November 1991, he noted several erythematous papules on his scrotum and the left shaft of his penis. These gradually grew and ulcerated. He denied fever, malaise, or pain. He reported no sexual contacts during his 5 months in Saudi Arabia and was otherwise in good general health. Rapid plasma reagin results were negative. Therapy for his genital lesions in December 1991 included 7 days of oral penicillin, 21 days of tetracycline, 20 days of sulfamethoxasole and trimethoprim, and a trial of topical corticosteroids. His skin condition steadily worsened through all of these therapeutic trials. Tests performed elsewhere had included a tissue biopsy specimen reportedly nondiagnostic, negative cultures for acid-fast bacilli, and a bacterial culture that yieldedKlebsiella pneumoniae. He was reffered for further evaluation. His examination


The utility model provides an intensive bi-directional child and mother rail guide vehicle automatic storage and fetch warehouse logistics device, which mainly consists of a bi-directional child rail guide vehicle and rails thereof, a bi-directional mother rail guide vehicle and rails thereof, a walking roadway, a goods roadway, a rail penetrating type intensive goods shelf, a reciprocating lifter, a layer switching lifter, an ex-warehouse conveying line, an in-warehouse conveying line and a computer control system, wherein the child rail guide vehicle and the mother rail guide vehicle automatically walk on respective rails respectively, and automatic switching or ex-warehouse and in-warehouse of goods shelf storage operation of materials (trays) in different columns or layers is realized on the walking roadway passage, the reciprocating lifter and the layer switching lifter in a manner that the mother rail guide vehicle bears the child rail guide vehicle and the materials (trays) on the back. The entry and exit operation efficiency of mass materials (trays) in an intensive warehouse logistics room can be greatly improved, and the device has the advantages of small equipment investment, low logistics cost, economy and energy saving.


The principle and structure of a vehicle to capture the information on ground and underground are introduced with the mathematics model to obtain the 3D-coordinate of underground pipe.Through simulation test the feasibility of the information capture vehicle is verified,and it can satisfy the precision demand of "Detectint technical manual of urban underground pipeline".


The white noise electroretinogram (wnERG) measurements using a photoreceptor silent-substitution technique showed that melanopsin activation supresses the human cone wnERG, potentially mediated via retrograde signalling from melanopsin cells to cones through dopaminergic amacrine cells.


Some doctors in the BMA are getting fed up with being lectured to by Kenneth Calman, the chief medical officer. But he was at it again last week, when he came to address the BMA's council. There was anticipation that he might say something profound. On the face of it he didn't - he suggested a seminar. But his subtext probably was more serious, and there were signs last week that doctors' leaders are begining to take heed.

What the CMO seemed to be saying was: you may not like it but you will have to live with change, and you should act like leaders - come up with solutions and not moan about the problems or expect others to solve them for you. It's not a new …


Nowadays, studies of the control of brushless dc motor (BLDCM) are mainly focused on motor state. However, it may also work in generator state. Current hysteresis control (CHC) is very suitable for the motor control, because it can directly control current. In this paper, a multimode CHC for BLDCM in motor and generator state is presented. It can not only complete commutation successfully but also reduce commutation torque ripple. Moreover, a novel transition control method based on the background of CHC with fast response is proposed to carry out commutation and the transition processes simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness and insensitivity to the parameters of the proposed control algorithm are verified by experiments.


Colloid milium is a rare skin condition characterized by deposition of amorphous material in the dermis. There are four clinical types: Adult and juvenile types, nodular colloid degeneration and pigmented colloid milium. Juvenile colloid milium presents before puberty, may be inherited and it can be distinguished histologically from the adult form. We present two cases: an adult and a juvenile type.


We share the testimonio of Linda, a Mexican American teacher that participates in and creates culturally sustaining schooling spaces. Linda describes these spaces as learning environments where her Mexican American students can safely share their cultural identities. Basing her knowledge on her own experience growing up as a Mexican American in the United States school system, she shares how culturally sustaining spaces build student and teacher confidence. The authors describe her testimonio as a decolonial Chicana theory that integrates culturally sustaining embodied and academic learning.


Vitrimers are polymer networks with dynamic covalent bonds that allow the network to reconfigure its connectivity while maintaining a constant number of chemical bonds at all temperatures. The melt viscosity of vitrimers thus gradually decreases with temperature. This behavior makes vitrimers more difficult to process than typical thermoplastics using conventional processing techniques, such as extrusion. Although many strategies have been reported to address this issue, it remains challenging to overcome a key tradeoff between improving the processability or the mechanical performance. Herein, this work presents a new strategy for overcoming this tradeoff in the context of elastomeric vitrimers. The approach entails the cross‐linking of a functionalized low‐glass transition (Tg) polymer matrix with an incompatible high‐Tg polymer featuring pendant groups with complementary reactivity. When compared to a conventional homogeneous vitrimer, the microphase‐separated materials prepared by reactive extrusion present improved tensile properties and creep resistance at room temperature while also exhibiting enhanced processability at high temperature. These enhanced properties are a consequence of the combination of the phase separation between the soft and hard phases, the restriction of dynamic cross‐linking reactions within the interfacial zones, and the judicious selection of the Tg of the hard phase to be in between the use and processing temperatures.


The parametric decay of an ion cyclotron pump wave in the high-speed solar wind streams is studied. The pump wave is an exact stationary solution of the Vlasov equation and Maxwell's equations, and it decays parametrically into an ion acoustic and a product ion cyclotron wave. The case where all the waves propagate parallel to the uniform interplanetary magnetic field is considered. Two typical measurements of the high-speed solar wind protons provide the input data for the calculation of the parametric decay instability. Although this instability has been considered important for the Alfven wave, the calculation shows that it is probably not important for the ion cyclotron wave, since the range of wave number values where the growth rate is above threshold is very small.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the current economic and financial crisis using key concepts from the sociology of Norbert Elias as a theoretical reference. Understanding the financial system as a global configuration, the author proceeds to analyze its social logic of functioning on the basis of a triple vector of forces —interdependence, competition and hetero-control— and examines its relations with certain models of sociability and behavior. As a function of this analysis, the author proposes an interpretation of the crisis as a decivilizing dynamic that promotes indifference and de-identification as patterns of behavior.


Background: HIV postexposure prophylaxis-in-pocket ( " PIP " ) is a self-initiated, event-driven HIV prevention modality for individuals with a low frequency of HIV exposures. Methods: A cohort of 111 patients using PIP as their primary HIV prevention modality was longitudinally evaluated for PIP self-initiation, HIV and sexual transmitted infections, and switching to other HIV prevention modalities between February 2016 and December 2022. Results: A total of 111 patients had 178.7 cumulative patient-years of PIP use. PIP was self-initiated 69 times by 35 (31.5%) individuals, with 0 HIV seroconversions identi fi ed. Thirty four individuals (30.6%) transitioned from PIP to pre-exposure prophylaxis and 33 individuals (29.7%) switched from pre-exposure prophylaxis to PIP. Conclusions: PIP is a useful addition to other pharmacologic HIV prevention tools, and may help prevent infection in those with a lower frequency of unanticipated HIV exposures.


Ataxia–telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, high incidence of cancer, and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The authors report a case of dysgerminoma in a child with high α-fetoprotein, CA125 and β-human chorionic gonadotropin, who has been followed-up for ataxia–telangiectasia for 2 years.


In response to the risk of Lumpy skin disease virus(LSDV) spreading to China,it is necessary to establish inspection methods for LSDV infection.Through bioinformatics analysis,it was suggested that LSDV-ORF132 shared high homology with LW132(Neethling vaccine),LSDV132(NI-2490) and LW132(NW-LW),the amino acid homologies were 100%,100% and 94%,respectively.In comparison with corresponding amino acid sequences of the original gene in capripox virus,the homologies were ranged from 20.7% to 36%.In this experiment,a 542 bp fragment of LSDV-ORF132 was amplified by PCR and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6p-1 for expressed in E.coli.The recombinant protein was 48.95 ku,and specifically reacted with LSDV antibody,indicating the recombinant protein possessed antigenic activity.


One of the concerns about the operation of under floor air distribution systems is the occurrence of local thermal discomfort such as draught and vertical air temperature difference. In the present study, in order to investigate these discomfort parameters in a room with the mentioned system, the temperature, mean velocity and turbulence intensity for vertical and horizontal supply air diffuser with 16 and 20°C inlet temperatures were evaluated. These parameters were measured at 0, 30 and 60cm distances from the center of diffuser of the underfloor air distribution system at 8 different heights from the floor. Also, by using the Fanger model, thermal sensation, percentage of thermal discomfort and the percentage of thermal discomfort caused by the draught were determined. The results indicated that the amount of thermal discomfort in a room with an underfloor air distribution system is significantly dependent on supply air direction (horizontal/vertical) and, distance from the inlet diffusers. Also, the results showed that by using proper diffusers, while subjects' thermal comfort maintains constant, the supply air temperature can be increased from 16 to 20 °C, which is a major step towards reducing energy consumption.


Integrating use of seedings of perennial cool-season grasses with native range is used to increase available forage and for maintaining a high plane of nutrition for grazing livestock. Our goal was to evaluate performance of yearling cattle and stand persistence of 3 released wheatgrass cultivars. Twice replicated 3-ha pastures were seeded to 'Rosana' western wheatgrass [Pascopyron smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], 'Luna' pubescent wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski], and 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass {[Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] ssp. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) A. Love} in autumn 1994. Yearling steers (n = 8) grazed from 9 May to 12 June 1997 and 24 April to 15 June 1998. Yearling heifers grazed from 27 April to 18 June 1999. Hycrest produced the largest herbage standing crop in spring 1997 (912 kg ha -1 ) and 1998 (1,223 kg ha -1 ) (P < 0.05), but by spring 1999 standing crops averaged 656 kg ha -1 , and cultivars were not significantly different. Digestible organic matter standing crop did not differ among pastures of seeded species, but declined (P < 0.05) from May to June each year. Crude protein standing crop varied among cultivars (P < 0.05) in April and May 1998 and May 1999; however, no clear trends emerged. Crude protein standing crops consistently declined from April-May to June. Average daily gains were similar among cultivars in 1997, but greater (P < 0.05) on Hycrest (1.28 kg day -1 ) than Rosana (1.03 kg day -1 ) in 1998. Gains on Hycrest (0.74 kg day -1 ) and Rosana (0.78 kg day -1 ) were greater (P < 0.05) than on Luna (0.52 kg day -1 ) in 1999. These findings show in some years, Hycrest provided more forage in spring than Rosana, and will allow an increase in livestock numbers. Based on the encroachment of invading species, persistence of Luna is marginal of the 335-mm precipitation zone in the Northern Great Plains.


The incidence of asthma is increasing year by year,and asthmatic children are paid more attention to.The main therapy place is at home,and so we should attach importance to family factors on asthma,which is summarized in this article.


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On December 31, 2013, the scientific community lost Dr. John A. Milner, an internationally respected scientist known for his work in human nutrition and cancer prevention. John served as Chief of National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Nutritional Science Research Group in the


The aim of this study was to determine influencing factors on adoption of drip irrigation in Iran. The methodological approach of this study was descriptivecorrelative. The research population consisted of 3612 horticulturists, which was selected using stratified randomizing sampling method (n=331). Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was 0.89. Variables of age, experience, garden acreage, orange garden acreage, yield, age of garden, number of garden piece, connect to experts, cost-benefit, social status, social participation, effect of extensioneducation activities and all of innovation characteristics with adoption of drip irrigation had been relationship of positive and significant. The results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that the variables of garden acreage, number of garden piece, age of garden, age, connect to experts, social status, cost-benefit and yield in eight steps explained a variation of 51.8% of adoption of drip irrigation.


Background : Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) have shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of disease relapses in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Patient decisions to commence pharmacological treatment, to continue it or cease it may be influenced by several factors such as patients' emotional states and symptoms of the disease. Materials and Methods : This study employs data from 567 patients' medical records. The observed patients were referred to a neurological centre in Italy from 2001 to 2008. Initially, data were retrospectively analyzed through a multinomial logit model. Next, 143 patients undergoing treatment with DMDs were interviewed and their probability in proceeding with treatment was estimated through a probit model. Results: The majority of patients commence treatment with DMDs within 3 months from the diagnosis. Among the factors influencing this choice were: young age, anxiety and some symptoms of the disease. A higher awareness of the benefits obtained from the treatment had a positive impact on its maintenance; a negative impact was exerted, instead, by the need to take other drugs to deal with side effects and by the years of treatment. The estimated probability to continue the treatment with DMDs irregularly is 41.45%. Conclusions: This study examines the relationship between the time of diagnosis and the successive stages of the disease. As significant expenditure is associated with MS treatment, knowledge of the factors likely to determine the commencement of treatment and of influencing compliance are likely to help in resources planning.


Borderline tumor of ovary is epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion, first reported by Taylor in 1929. Borderline ovarian tumor occurs in younger women and is detects in early stage. Laparosocopy is alternative treatment of younger women for postoperative quality of life because it reduces postoperative adhesion. But it is limited to incomplete staging, tumor cell dissemination and recurrence. We report a case of port site implantation of mucinous borderline tumor after the laparoscopic operation; usually recurrence of borderline tumors were occurred after ten or fifteen years later, this case a direct evidence of cause of metastasis after the laparoscopic operation.


The structure and electronic properties of (1 1 1), [1 0 0](0 1 0) and [1 0 0](0 1 1) edge dislocation cores in pure nickle crystal have been investigated by the first-principles. The dislocation cores are obtained by the relaxation by molecular dynamics (MD). Before the calculation, the lattice constant of nickle perfect crystal was optimised by the MD simulation, attaining the lattice constant of 3.520 Å. We found that features of the [1 0 0](0 1 0) edge dislocation are similar to those of the [1 0 0](0 1 1) edge dislocation, but different from those of the (1 1 1) edge dislocation. These results show that the atoms around the dislocation core have less charge, which is caused by the broken bonds.


Postsintering process increases yield of double-layer metal conductors to almost 100 percent. When wafers containing double-metalized chips are sintered, metal layers react with oxide film remaining in insulation layer holes, breaking it up so that it no longer impedes electric current. Cooling also mechanically disrupts oxide film.


The self-alignment technology is the preferred method of initial alignment for SINS,because it does not rely on any information beyond the inertial navigation system.Influenced by many uncertainty factors such as seawave,the ship will oscillate with rather large amplitudes although the ship is moored,which makes filtering measurement value of self-alignment for SINS of carrier plane on warship produces uncertainty noise and causes Kalman filtering divergence and low alignment precision.The state space model is built for precision alignment of SINS.A new method of self-alignment based on //? filtering for SINS of carrier plane is designed. Simulation results show that the H_∞ filtering can ensure the robustness of the system.Meanwhile,it not only can estimate attitude error,but also can esitmate the gyro constant drift error and the accelerometer bias error.The level alignment accuracy is about 2' and the azimuth alignment accuracy is about 10'.


This paper empirically examines capital structure decisions in the presence of leverage dynamics and when corporate tax status and financial distress costs are allowed to be endogenous. We deal with the endogeneity of corporate tax by using a before-financing measure of the marginal corporate tax rate as a proxy for the effective corporate tax rate. We find strong evidence of a positive relation between leverage and taxes, irrespective of whether leverage dynamics are allowed for. Using the estimated probability of financial distress as a proxy for financial distress costs, we find that the role of leverage dynamics is crucial to the effect of financial distress on leverage. We find that when leverage dynamics are excluded, the estimated probability of financial distress is positively associated with leverage, that is, an increasing probability of financial distress leads to an increase in leverage. This seems counter-intuitive. When leverage dynamics are included in the model, the probability of financial distress is negatively related to leverage. Our results show that capital structure dynamics are important and that firms trade-off the tax benefit that arises from increasing debt with the increase in possible financial distress that arises from increasing debt.


Background: Effective discharge planning is a vital component to maintain care continuity for head traumapediatric patient. Despite this, there is a critical gap in the process and quality of discharge planning in Egypt.Aim of this studywas to assess the effect of discharge plan on parents having children suffering from headtrauma.Design: A quasi- experimental design was used.Settings: This study was conducted in Emergency Department, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) andNeurological Department at children Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University and El-Menshawy Hospitalin Tanta affiliated to Ministry of Health.Subject: A convenient sample consist of 40 parents accompanied their children suffering from head traumawho attended in the previously mentioned settings.Tools: 1)- Pre-designed questionnaire sheet which included two parts: part I: concerned with characteristicsof studied parents and characteristics of the studied children,Part II: knowledge of the parents regardingcaring of their children suffering from head trauma, 2)- Observational check list and 3)- Child MedicalRecord.Results: All of studied parents reported that no one gave them any information about head trauma. There wasa marked improvement in parents' knowledge and reported practices post implementation of discharge plan.There were strong positive correlations between studied parents' total knowledge and their total reportedpractices related to care of children after head trauma pre/post discharge plan.There was highly statisticalsignificance difference between parents' total knowledge regarding care of head trauma in children andtheir level of education post implementation of discharge plan. There was statistical significance differencebetween parents' total reported practices regarding care of head trauma in children and their level of educationpost implementation of discharge plan.Conclusion: All of research hypothesis were accepted and implementation of discharge plan led to significantimprovements in parents' knowledge and reported practices regarding care of their children suffering fromhead trauma.
Recommendations: Discharge plan for all parents having children suffering from head trauma must beginwith parents at their first day of admission.


MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. *Academic Achievement; Discipline Policy; English Instruction; High Schools; *High School Students; *In School Suspension; Science Instruction This paper presents findings of a study that explored the effects of assignment to an inschool suspension (ISS) program on high school students' academic performance. The study compared the beforeand after-ISS grades in English and science of 32 ninthand tenth-grade students who had spent a minimum of 5 days in an ISS program during a 6-week grading period. The data showed no significant difference in the academic achievement of students in science and English classes before and after being assigned to an ISS program. Seven tables and two figures are included. Appendices contain a copy of the cover letter, questionnaire, and one scattergraph. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** THE EFFECT OF INSCHOOL SUSPENSION ON THE ACADEMIC PROGRESS OF HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE AND ENGLISH STUDENTS


Protected working lightpath envelope (PWLE) is a promising scheme developed by us to provision survivable services for dynamic traffic. As a a path-oriented protection strategy based on lightpath-protecting p-cycles, PWLE has the advantages of high capacity efficiency, avoidance of wavelength conversion, good blocking performance and guaranteed optical transmission quality compared with conventional schemes. It partitions the total network capacity into a working layer and a static protection layer in which a set of lightpath-protecting p-cycles are configured. The lightpath-protecting p-cycles in PWLE are not designed particularly for a set of pre-defined paths. Instead, they are selected to protect an envelope of working channels that can be used flexibly for working routing. The protected working channels are grouped based on the related attach nodes which are defined as the nodes one-hop away from the on-cycle nodes. To design PWLE, pre-computation of a subset of candidate cycles and cycle selection within the subset are crucial. Due to the uniqueness of the lightpath- protecting p-cycle, no existing algorithms can be applied directly for cycle selection for PWLE. Moreover, existing algorithms for pre-computation of candidate cycles are mostly span-protection- oriented. Therefore, we propose the attachnode-based cycle generation (ANCG) algorithm for pre-computation of candidate cycles and three algorithms for lightpath-protecting p-cycle selection for PWLE. Numerical results show that ANCG can generate a small subset of cycles with high capacity efficiency. Meanwhile, the algorithms for cycle selection work well with much reduced computational time.


One of the important problems concerning European Environmental law is the lack of coherence in the European legal system including Competition rules&semic granting state aid for environmental protection reasons is one of these problems. In this sense, after more than twenty years of community legislations in the field of environmental protection, the European commission adopts in the 1994 the Community Guidelines of state aid for environmental protection which was revised in the 2001and replaced with a new one. The European Commission approach towards the state aid for environmental protection, from the beginning of the1970s to the adoption of the Community Guidelines of state aid for environmental protection 2001, has not been changed so much in spite of the changes in its legal bases. It depends on three basic points: Firstly the aid must be temporary and needful. Secondly it does not exceed the necessary level of the need and finally it must not have disproportionate effects on competition rules. To achieve this goal, the European commission depended on the polluter pay principles and the discretionary power authorized to examine the state aid This thesis deals with the following main question: How the European commission reacts to environmental aid and whether the European commission approach towards state aid for environmental protection especially in 2001 has achieved a balance between competition rules and environmental principles? The European commission view towards state aid is that aid should no longer be used to make up for the absence of cost internationalization. If environmental requirements are to be taken into account in the long term, prices must accurately reflect cost. The European commission seems furthermore to be more indulgent for environmental justifications brought forward by Member States, compared to its approach to environmental considerations forwarded by undertakings. Through the examination of more 15 cases of state aid, I concluded the following: 1. The question of co-existence of interest between the competition rules and environmental principles is direct or indirect asked.2. The European Court of Justice is more environmentally friendly than the European commission, but the Court can have some severe positions with environmental friendly.3. The European Commission is Competition interest friendly. The thesis in the first point explains the relation between the European competition policy and the environmental policy in EC treaty, Art.2, 3, 6,174.This will be followed by the role of state aid in Environmental policy Art.87 and the exemption aid taking in the consideration the environmental exemptions and then a brief description of the most important and main Environmental principles: precaution and prevention, rectifying environmental damage at source and polluter pays principles in order to give background to the position of these principles. Thereafter the thesis examines the 2001 Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection with case law and focus on the types of aid in it: investment aid, aid to SMEs for advisory/consultancy services in the Environmental field and operating aid .The thesis will end with the general perspectives for community law on environmental state aid and conclusion.


This article sets out to examine the extent of party system change in Scandinavia since the 'earthquake elections' in the early 1970s witnessed the parliamentary breakthrough of new parties and, in particular, the rise of a populist radical right. It deploys an analytical framework derived from Berglund and Lindstrom's five‐party Scandinavian model and an identification of the 'core structures' of the frozen party system in the region. In assessing party system change the significance of changes in the patterns of interaction between parties at the elite level, that is in the governmental and parliamentary arenas, is emphasised over and above electoral change. It is argued that the core features of the Scandinavian party systems have changed much less since 1970 than the structure of party competition and that the single most important development in the party politics of the region has been that the historic non‐socialist groupings have acquired increased 'relevance' as coalition parties both severally a...


In this paper, CdS based metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) diode was fabricated by using the Polyarylate (PAr) film as insulator dielectric on transparent conductive glass substrate. The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant ( ϵ′ ), loss (ϵ), loss tangent (tan δ), ac conduc-tivity (σ AC ) and complex modulus ( M′ , M′′ ) of the MIS Schottky diode were examined as a function of signal frequency, gate voltage and temperature. The detailed analysis revealed the interface states at the CdS/PAr junction and the characteristics of these interface states in the examined frequency range. The value of the angular frequency exponent (S) and the corres-ponding temperature dependence of σ ac indicate the hopping mechanism which agrees with the CBH model. The barrier height between the neighbouring states is determined as 47 meV for the temperature range studied. The temperature dependence of ΔV FB verifies the thermally active behaviour of interface states which decrease from 117 to 41 meV with increasing temperature.


Inertial Velocity-Aided Attitude (VAA) is an important problem in the control of Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS), and involves estimating the velocity and attitude of a vehicle using gyroscope, accelerometer, and inertial-frame velocity (e.g. GPS velocity) measurements. Existing solutions tend to be complex and provide limited stability guarantees, relying on either high gain designs or assuming constant acceleration of the vehicle. This paper proposes a novel observer for inertial VAA that exploits Lie group symmetries of the system dynamics, and shows that the observer is synchronous with the system trajectories. This is achieved by adding a virtual state of only three dimensions, in contrast to the larger virtual states typically used in the literature. The error dynamics of the observer are shown to be almost globally asymptotically and locally exponentially stable. Finally, the observer is verified in simulation, where it is shown that the estimation error converges to zero even with an extremely poor initial condition.


Lip reading is a field of image processing to assist the process of sound recognition. In some environment, the capture of sound signal usually has significant noise and therefore, the recognition rate of sound signal decreases. Lip reading can be a good feature for the increase of recognition rates. Conventional lip extraction methods have been proposed widely. Maia et. al. proposed a method by the sum of Cr and Cb. However, there are two problems as follows: the point with maximum saturation is not always regarded as lips region and the inner part of lips such as oral cavity and teeth can be classified as lips. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a method which adopts the histogrambased classifier for the extraction of lips region. The proposed method consists of two stages, learning and test. The amount of computation is minimized because this method has no color conversion. The performance of proposed method gives 66.8% of detection rate compared to 28% of conventional ones.


One of the first things that came up was "what is a vulnerable group?" We conveniently had women, refugees, and children. Immediately there was discussion over refugees, and the fact that you have within refugees a broad category of displaced people. What wasn't included were IDPs, internally displaced people, who are particularly vulnerable to small arms because they lack the regulatory and legal regime that refugees are entitled to. I'll go into that when I talk about refugees.


The following list comprises a selected number of measurements made during 1966–67 with CH4 at 3 atm pressure in a 0.6 L proportional gas-counter as previously described. The B.P. ages are based upon a.d. 1950 and are calculated with a half-life of 5570 yr. The quoted error consists of experimental standard deviation including the counting variations of the unknown sample, the modern standard, and the background.


Historically, the accreting beaches of the Columbia River littoral cell received little management focus, and the relatively benign conditions of the past several decades led to an influx of coastal development. In more recent times, a trend reversal from accretion to erosion in many areas of the littoral cell coupled with increased development pressure along the coast warrants the creation of a knowledge bank to support coastal planning and decision-making. The Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study is actively engaged in research and analysis of the Columbia River littoral cell evolution and is developing multi-disciplinary data through regional research and monitoring. A process for integrating this multi-disciplinary data set to examine regional physical susceptibility to coastal change will utilize a suite of modelling applications and geographic information system (GIS) software to develop an interactive, query-based decision support tool for the coastal management community. Employing knowledge of the physical system to develop a susceptibility profile for coastal communities will facilitate the development of coastal policies and management decisions that pursue desired outcomes (economic, social, environmental) with respect to scientifically-based scenarios of future physical coastal conditions.


Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a hidden and under-reported problem in psychiatry. CSA has been studied in various epidemiological data based studies and has been found to be a significant risk factor for the development of psychiatric illness in later life. Depression, suicide and suicidal attempts as well as self-injurious behaviour have all been reported to be significantly greater in patients than have been exposed to CSA versus those who have not been exposed to the same. There are studies that demonstrate higher rates of substance abuse, body image disturbances, eating disorders and cluster B personality traits in patients that have been exposed to CSA. The paper looks at the available data on lifetime occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients that have been exposed to CSA. The various mechanisms by which CSA exposure can lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood are discussed and the need for identification, assessment and clinically evaluating the presence of CSA in patients in routine clinical practice is highlighted.


Functional MRI (fMRI) studies using the BOLD signal are done under the general assumption that the BOLD signal can be used as a direct index of neuronal activation. Studies of cognitive aging often compare BOLD signal amplitude and extent directly between younger and older groups, with the additional assumption that the relationship between neuronal activity and the hemodynamic response is unchanged across the lifespan. However, BOLD signal arises from an ambiguous mixture of changes in oxidative metabolism, blood flow and blood volume. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that several BOLD signal components may be changed during aging. More physiologically-specific information on blood flow and oxidative metabolism would allow a better understanding of these signal changes and of the physiological and cognitive changes seen with aging. The work presented here demonstrates techniques to estimate oxidative metabolism at rest and during performance of a task. These techniques are extensions of previous calibrated fMRI methods and the first method presented is based on a generalization of previous models to take into account both arbitrary changes in blood flow and blood O2 content. The improved robustness and accuracy of this method, when used with a combined hypercapnia and hyperoxia breathing manipulation, is demonstrated in visual cortex and grey matter. The second technique presented builds on the generalization of the model and uses a combination of breathing manipulations including hypercapnia, hyperoxia and both simultaneously, to obtain experimentally-determined values of resting oxygen extraction fraction and oxidative metabolism. In the second part of this thesis, agerelated vascular and metabolic changes are explored in a group of younger and older adults using a calibrated fMRI framework with a hypercapnia breathing manipulation and a modified Stroop task. Changes in baseline blood flow, vascular reactivity to the CO2 challenge and calibration parameter M were identified in the older participants. Potential biases in BOLD signal measurements in older adults arising from these physiological changes are discussed. Finally, the relationship between these cerebral changes and performance on the modified Stroop task, central vascular health and cardiovascular fitness are explored. The results of this


Reactive project scheduling is an important branch of project scheduling under uncertainty. This paper proposes a resource-constrained multi-project reactive scheduling problem (RCMPRSP) with new project arrival to minimize the adjustment cost of the baseline schedule while achieving the deterministic multi-project scheduling goal. Although the RCMPRSP aims to minimize the adjustment cost, it adds a constraint to ensure that the reactive schedule is one of the schedules with shortest possible make-span after new project arrival. Therefore, the make-span and cost can both be optimized during when the multi-project schedule must be reactive scheduled due to new project arrival. Therefore, this scheduling problem has two stages. In the first stage, the shortest make-span is obtained by fully rescheduling the multi-project after new project arrival. If the new project has a higher priority, the new project will be prioritized for implementation. Otherwise, the new project will be delayed. In the second stage, the multi-project is rescheduled to minimize the adjustment cost of the baseline schedule after new project arrival. The exact solution is implemented on IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio. It is found in the experiments that the CPLEX execution efficiency is acceptable for activity numbers below 80. The results of computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has distinct advantages over existing methods.


The kinetics of nitriding in titanium bearing austenitic stainless steels in cylindrical coordination has been investigated. Nitriding at nitrogen partial pressure of 0.5 atm and temperature from 980°C up to 1160oC resulted in the formation of titanium and chromium nitride and above the Cr2N solvus temperature (1100°C), no chromium nitride was formed. The nitrided case may consist of up to three zones: nitrogen in solid solution, precipitation of TiN and finally mixed TiN+Cr2N precipitation. These are in consistent with the affinity of titanium and chromium towards nitrogen which has been thermodynamically justified. To assess the kinetics of nitriding, a mathematical model for nitrogen diffusion in cylindrical system has been developed via solving Fick's equation for cylindrical coordinate by numerical method. For this purpose the use has been made of the austenite stabilizing effect of nitrogen to correlate the movement of the boundary of the nitrogen stabilized austenite and plastic deformation induced martensite. Since the crystal structure of the material used in this study is of fcc type and it is nitrided in a fully annealed and unstrained state, therefore the effect of excess nitrogen on the kinetics of nitride fronts growth has been assumed as negligible. The results are in good agreement with the previous investigations. Unlike previous works, the present model takes into account the change of nitrogen diffusion coefficient due to nitrogen concentration profile and


Among the many fluoropolymers, polyvinylidiene fluoride (PVDF) has been well-known since 1960s and is preferred for various electronic applications owing to its lower cost, inordinate mechanical properties, and tunable polymorphism. It is well known that PVDF exhibits five different crystalline polymorphs (α). Among all, β-crystalline phase is the most important with excellent piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric properties.Metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) are used in diverse applications, aided by their unique electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. Many reports are available with a focus on the synthesis of Fe, Co, and Ni oxide magnetic NPs for data storage and sensor applications. More importantly, transition metal cations can exist in several different valence states and their crystallite size increased with increasing addition of metal doping. Incorporation of MO and doped MO with PVDF plays pivotal a role in improving the sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensor. This review covers the doping of PVDF with MO-NPs and their effectiveness towards in applications.


This article discusses ideas and concepts for preserving cultural folklore traditions and customs accumulated in the past by many generations. Many new challenges and new knowledge have emerged in the modern technological society, but they must not lead to the loss and neglect of old national traditions and living cultural heritage. Definitions, classifications, overview of types of folklore events are presented. Some innovative approaches for preservation, study and sharing of knowledge about living heritage through national and international folklore championships and folklore festivals, digital transformation of folk music and dance are considered. Knowledge is exchanged between participants of different ages, cultures and professions. In this way, continuous education in the field of living heritage, internationalization, lifelong learning is realized. An online information system has been created for organizing and storing knowledge about living heritage through competitive folklore events and festivals. The information structure of a software system is built on 7 levels. With the help of the created software environment, national championships and other events around the world are staged.


Through teacher-child conversation, experts use oral language to help novices take on more complex tasks; and Reading Recovery children, who are obviously having difficulty with school-based learning, are especially in need of significant conversations with adults. Reading and writing processes are supported through conversation with Reading Recovery, and moment to moment interchanges have power in student learning. Talk is especially crucial in two parts of the lesson--composing a story to write and introducing a new book. In Reading Recovery, a closely shared situation with an adult and child participating together in reading and writing provides the setting within which teachers can structure their interactional moves to meet the student where he or she is learning. In Reading Recovery, teachers are assisted in learning through conversations about their work with colleagues and others who share common understandings. Through conversations, teachers help children learn, and teachers help each other learn. Reading Recovery makes possible the power of teaching as conversation. Contains 17 references.


Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from 'traditional' precursors such as monoterpenes and alkylbenzenes has received substantial attention for the past decade. These traditional sources have relatively high emissions into the atmosphere, but they are also relatively volatile. As a consequence, the oxidation products from those precursors must be more than one million times less volatile in order to form SOA. We have recently begun to investigate the role of 'nontraditional' SOA precursors with much lower volatility than the traditional precursors. These intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC) are typically co-emitted with traditional primary organic aerosol (POA) sources at elevated temperatures, including biomass burning and internal combustion processes. While their emissions are much lower than the traditional precursors, the volatility reduction required of the reaction products is much less drastic, making high-yield SOA formation much more likely.


Corporate finance, and capital structure theory in particular, study the firm's decisions from a normative point a view: shareholder value maximization. However, Brealey and Myers (2006) point out that "how financial decisions are made" is a question that still remains unanswered. In this paper we propose a descriptive approach to the understanding of how small and medium enterprises (SME) make their financing decisions. We identify three distinctive cases of attitude towards debt financing. Considering the owner-firm intertwinement as a fundamental characteristic of these firms, we include behavioral factors as explanatory variables for these cases. Then we compare the implications of our approach with a dataset of firms from Bahía Blanca (Argentina). JEL: G3 Introduction Researchers from the small and medium enterprises (SME hereafter) field, like Storey (1994), argue that the difference between small and large firms is not only a matter of size, and consequently specific models are required to study SME. There are several characteristics that differentiate small from large firms. First of all, management and ownership unification leads to an owner-firm intertwinement (Ang, 1992), both at economical and emotional levels. Second, the form of private equity affects the diversification possibilities and risk position of the owners. Moreover, the lack of professional management causes business problems, like planning shortsightedness. Agency costs of equity exist also in these firms, when firm control and ownership are shared among the business partners. Only a firm with a single owner-manager is free of agency costs of equity. In family firms, the inclusion of new generations is another source of agency problems. On the other hand, information asymmetry problems between small firms and external funds providers are specially strong, because of the informality and scarce information available. Last, these firms have shorter life expectancy, given that the firm may cease to exist if just one person (the owner) leaves, and the lack of firm succession planning. Capital structure theory has been built around Modigliani and Miller (1958)'s propositions of irrelevance in a context of perfect capital markets. The acknowledgment of imperfections that make relevant the capital structure, such as corporate and personal taxes, transaction costs, and information asymmetries have been the guide to later developments. However, there is still no theoretical agreement on the relevance of capital structure to firm value, which can be summed up through the confronting positions of trade off theory and the pecking order. While the first argues that costs and benefits of debt lead to an optimum value, the later suggests that capital structure is just the result of "cumulative requirements for external financing". In the specific field of SME, authors like Hamilton and Fox (1998) and Hutchinson et al (1998) propose a financing hierarchy (or pecking order) of preference for internal funds, that is based on the owners' desire for control and flexibility. While the original proposition of the * Departamento de Ciencias de la Administración Departamento de Economía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS). CONICET. E-mail: email@example.com. Departamento de Economía, UNS. Universidad Provincial del Sudoeste (UPSO). E-mail: email@example.com We thank Fernando Tohmé and seminar participants at Universidad Nacional del Sur (Departamento de Economía) for helpful comments. 1 Myers (1984), p. 581.


Divergent theories offer two possible connections between nonresidential land use and physical deterioration among urban residential street blocks. Jane Jacobs's model of street blocks indicates that blocks with more nonresidential land use will be better kept; studies of territorial functioning indicate that nonresidential land uses interfere with resident-based informal social control. Here, a comparison of Baltimore and Philadelphia indicates a significant positive correlation between latent constructs for physical deterioration and nonresidential land use. Residential blocks with more nonresidential land uses may have more incivilities because the uses draw more people to the block and/or because the uses interfere with resident-based territorial functioning.


Abstract : Text editors and text formatters/processors are described. The state-of-the-art in text processing is examined. Design and implementation considerations in developing an interactive, integrated, screen-oriented text editing and formatting system are discussed. A Berkeley PASCAL implementation of such a system for a PDP-11 minicomputer under the UNIX timesharing system is presented. Intended system users are non-computer scientists, e.g. secretaries, business executives, engineers, students, etc. Programming experience is not required to utilize the system. (Author)


Dear Editor, A saccade is a rapid conjugate eye movement that brings the target into the fovea.1 Horizontal saccades are generated from burst neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) through brainstem network neurons including long-lead burst neurons and omnipause neurons (OPNs).1 Clinical disorders including multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and stroke are known to cause various saccadic impairments. However, in most cases these lesions have not been precisely localized to the PPRF, and they were accompanied by other eye movement abnormalities affecting functions such as smooth pursuit and the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR).2,3 A 56-year-old man presented with dizziness and difficulty in looking to the left for 3 days. He did not have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or other vascular risk factors. A neurological examination revealed impairment of conjugate horizontal saccades to the left in all fields of gaze; that is, saccades from the right gaze to the center as well as from the center to the left were impaired. In addition, he involuntarily blinked whenever attempting a leftward saccade from the right gaze to the center. However, saccades in the contralateral direction and vertical saccades were all spared (Supplementary Video 1 in the online-only Data Supplement). The smooth pursuit and VOR in slow-to-fast head-impulse testing were intact in all directions (Fig. 1), but optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was poorly evoked by rightward stimulation. Vergence testing was not performed. The visual system was normal, and there was no spontaneous nystagmus. He did not show other neurological impairments such as facial palsy, dysarthria, or motor/sensory dysfunction. Brain MRI revealed a cavernous angioma involving the tegmentum of the left lower pons (Fig. 1). He was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery for gamma-knife surgery, following which his symptoms gradually improved. Lesions in the pontine tegmentum can cause various ocular motor disorders.1 The anatomical proximity allows the simultaneous involvement of nearby structures such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus and abducens nucleus. Therefore, selective horizontal saccadic palsy due to precise PPRF lesions has rarely been reported.4 Selective unilateral lesions of the PPRF cause an ipsilateral, conjugate, horizontal saccadic palsy including the fast component of OKN, whereas vergence, vestibular, and pursuit eye movements are typically spared.5 Compared to the PPRF, lesions involving the abducens nucleus typically present with 1) loss of all conjugate eye movements toward the lesion, 2) the possibility of the ipsilateral peripheral type of facial palsy, and 3) relative preservation of ipsilaterally directed saccades in the intact hemifield of gaze. If the lesion is restricted to the abducens nucleus, then saccades from the opposite field of gaze to the midline may be present, but they may be slow due to the inhibition of the antagonists being intact. However, inhibition is also affected if the PPRF is extensively involved, and so that saccades directed toward the lesioned side are either absent or extremely slow.1 Jae-Myung Kim Hak-Loh Lee Jae-Hwan Im Seong-Hyun Min Tai-Seung Nam Seung-Han Lee


Under the instruction of the "xuxing" principle, there are some special rules of protecting the young in some law of ancient china. What's more, with progress of feudalization, the rules of protection become more and more enriched. The author hopes that the discussion can have a positive effect on the system nowadays.


A structural and stylistic feature found in the Laws, the early poetry and the DindshencTias which points no doubt to thefili as central artificer of the whole literature is the tendency, persisting into Anglo-Irish narrative, of rounding off a unit of composition by a recapitulatory reference to its opening. For example the short sections which purport to describe the five legal procedures of Goic Conara Fugill have each of them this feature, cf. §§ 3, 8, 11, 14, 18: e. g. § 3: Sreth faillsigthi na conairi fugill isflr: Lia do ßr fri sena n-aribal, fri aincessa mara, fri derbranna brathar, fri flaith fri airitin, fri ascnam ndibaid, fri dliged tuise A sreth sin. Thurneysen translates Sreth faillsigthi by 'Die Grundlage für Aufklärung'; it means rather 'the series to be manifested' i. e. 'The actions to be brought upon the path of judgment, Fir: you should adhere to Fir for audacious denial, cases of great (legal) perplexity, fixed shares between brothers, the adoption of a chief, seeking a legacy, claiming leadership. That is the series'. This recapitulatory feature is found in CG §§ 22; 34 where it serves to define §§ 4-22 as a section on grades of boaire and §§ 23-34 as a section on the noble grades. The rest of CG comprises a brief general introduction (§§ 1-3) and a concluding section (§§ 35-48) on king and his tuath generally. Par. 34 is problematical in some respects: It e fodlai flatha doru[i]rmisem im[m]aberat fuillechtai flaithemnasa (MS -ais) a


The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a hard combinatorial problem with numerous industrial applications. Among the large number of extensions to the canonical VRP, we study the Capacitated VRP (CVR...


In this paper, we investigate the problem of automated consistency management between different views of a single system design. As individual view models evolve, consistency is often lost. Ensuring consistency between different views requires periodic concerted efforts from the model designers involved. In general, the detection of inconsistencies and recovering from them is a tedious, error-prone and at best semi-automated process. Automated techniques can alleviate the problem. We focus on a representative sub-set of the problem: consistency between geometric (Computer-Aided Design -- CAD) models of a mechanical system, and the corresponding dynamics simulation models. We illustrate our approach by means of a simple example and use the SolidEdge CAD tool and the Modelica modelling language to model the different views. We analyze how to model a relation between the two views, which will assure consistency. If such a relation can be defined between the two views, consistency verification as well as change propagation to preserve consistency after one of the views has changed must still be derived. We conclude that consistency relation models and the derived change propagation operations can very elegantly be represented using Triple Graph Grammars.


Objective To study the technique and the clinical effect of treating long bone fracture of extremities by self-locking expandable intramedullary nail system.Methods 68 cases with long bone fracture of extremities were treated by self-locking expandable intramedullary nail system.The clinical effect was evaluated postoperatively.Results The follow-up time was 12~16 months for 68 cases,and the recovery time was 4.8 months.Nonunion of the distal femoral fracture was found in 1 case by retrograde nailing. The second operation had been done by plate and bone graft and bony union was obtained.Johner-Wruh score: excellent in 35 cases, good in 24 cases, fair in 7 cases, and poor in 2 cases.The rate of excellent and good results was 86.8%.Conclusions The treatment of long bone fracture of extremities by self-locking expandable intramedullary nail system brings less damage,low infection rate,better fracture healing.It is a considerable method for treating long bone fracture of extremities.


In this invited talk, we will review optical cryptography with biometrics for multi-depth objects using optical scanning holography (OSH). We also focus on the discussion of key distribution.


Euclid's Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) algorithm is an efficient approach for calculating multiplicative inversions. It relies mainly on a fast modular arithmetic algorithm to run quickly. A traditional modular arithmetic algorithm based on nonrestoring division needs a magnitude comparison for each iteration of shift-and-subtract operation. This process is time consuming, since it requires magnitude comparisons for every computation iteration step. To eradicate this problem, this study develops a new fast Euclidean GCD algorithm without magnitude comparisons. The proposed modular algorithm has an execution time that is about 33% shorter than the conventional modular algorithm.


ABSTRACT The scholarship on participatory design has indicated continued struggles to develop processes that genuinely include citizen feedback in an inclusive manner. This paper explores whether Detroit's Community Benefits Ordinance, that has allowed for residents to negotiate community benefits like parks, public spaces and streetscape improvements is a possible avenue for improved participatory design. This research shows that the Ordinance allowed for citizens to negotiate benefits related to the built environment, accounting for about one third of benefits won. However, there are significant barriers towards the Ordinance providing a transparent, non-elitist, and non-tokenistic environment for citizen participation in urban design.


Objective: In this multicenter prospective study we sought to analyze preliminary results of high risk old patients who underwent mini-invasive mitral valve surgery. Methods: From January 2016 to March 2018, 38 patients ≥80 years old underwent MV surgery: mean EuroSCORE II was 4.5 ± 3.7, mean predictive mortality according to logistic Euroscore was 15.4 ± 11.2%. Male were 47.4%, mean BMI was 23.8 ± 3.5. Main MV etiology was degenerative (76.3%). Comorbidities included: diabetes (13.2%), COPD (10.5%), CRF (15.8%), peripheral vasculopathy (21.1%) and AF (60.5%). Mean pre-operative EF was 59.9 ± 10.1% and severe pulmonary hypertension (≥ 55 mmHg) was present in 36.8% of the cases. Patients who underwent previous cardiac operation were 2.6 %. A preoperative vascular screening of the aorta was perfomed in 81.6% patients. Results: All patients except one (97.4%) underwent mini-invaive mitral valve surgery. Mitral repair was obtained in 12 out of 38 patients. Main associated procedures were TV repair (15.8%), ASD closure (13.2%) and AF-crioablation (7.9%). Mean cardiopulmonary and cross-clamping time were respectively 122.7 ± 34.4 and 85.2 ± 24.5 minutes. Aortic clamping was obtained with either Chitwood clamp (94.5%) or endoballoon (5.5%). Conversion to sternotomy was necessary in only one case. Operative mortality was 0%. Reoperation for bleeding, aortic dissection and major neurologic events were not reported. 34.2% of the patients required blood transfusion, 5.3% emodyalisis and 5.3% PM implantation. Mean ventilatory support, ICU and hospital stay were respectively 14.5 ± 14 h, 3.3 ± 5.7days and 10.0 ± 5.8days. 30-day mortality was 2.6%. Preliminary Conclusions: mini-invasive approach allows acceptable morbidity and mortality in octogenarian patients.


Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the paranormal tourist experience on ghost tours, taking into account the participants' perceptions and their prior knowledge of the paranormal, in order to determine the principal components of the future of paranormal tourist experience.Design/methodology/approach The study is divided into two phases. The first phase is based on participant observation during a ghost tour. The second phase is based on a previously published framework for paranormal tourism. It introduces a qualitative adaptation of the orchestra model to look in-depth at how experiences with paranormal tours might shape the future of tourism as a major subtype.Findings Paranormal tourism has external (situational-enchantment, historical, mystical, ghostly and unsolved mysteries) and internal (affective, cognitive, sensory, behavior and relationship) components that are inter-linked. Future paranormal tourist experiences (FPTEs) must be focused on enhancing these aspects in order to offer an immersive experience.Originality/valueConsequently, this paper proposes the FPTE model.


The economic development of Mexican municipalities shows advances, lagging, and backwardness distributed unequally through the national territory, and within each one of them, which brings us to the question: Which are the factors that determine this picture? The objective of this article is look at the hypothesis that considers three causal factors: the public expenditure policy that allows a balance between economic growth and human development, the unequal allocation of public resources of each municipality and the efficiency of the public administration. For this purpose, the municipalities were categorized into four groups according to their progress or backwardness. Then, financial indicators are analyzed to obtain a clear idea of how the public finances influence the municipal's development.


This research aims to determine the effect of applying group guidance with a positive behavior support approach to improve student discipline. The method used is true experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received group guidance for 9 sessions and in the control group did not receive training. The population in this research were class VIII students of SMP Negeri 229 Jakarta. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, the sample in this study amounted to 20 people who had a low discipline category and were divided into two groups namely 10 experimental group students and 10 control group students. While the technique of analyzing data using descriptive statistics using empirical mean to see the average pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group and the control group. Can be seen from the comparison of the pretest score 274 and posttest 392 in the experimental group and get a score of 118 which means an increase of 69.8%. The results of testing the hypothesis with the Wilcoxson test, a signed ranking test indicates that the value of Asymp. Sig of 0.005 <0.05 (Significant) which means that through the results of the calculation can be interpreted as a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group and can prove what is meant by the guidance group that requires positive behavioral support to increase student discipline


Measurement of peak amplitudes, waveform shape, slope, frequency sensitivity, and phase differences along the ossicular chain and basilar membrane have long been sought by auditory physiologists investigating cochlear hydrodynamics and neural encoding. Since reports by one of the authors in 1966 and 1967 on the use of noncontact optic‐lever systems for making microdisplacement measurements in the ear, advances in laser, solid‐state electro‐optic, fiber optic, and longer‐working‐distance lens technology have made possible more sensitive and practical recording optic‐lever systems. This paper describes design and use of an optical‐lever system utilizing single or multiple laser beams and photodetectors capable of simultaneously resolving vibration of points only 100 μ separated. Micropositioning and optical scanning devices allow x, y scanning along the basilar membrane. Advantages and disadvantages of optic‐lever systems versus laser interferometers for noncontacting microdisplacements are discussed.


Development of E. tenella in chicken embryos was observed under various conditions. The embryos, 10 days old, were inoculated with 103 sporozoites via the allantoic cavity, yolk sac, or chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and incubated at 41°C. Oocysts were recovered only from the embryos inoculated into the allantoic cavity, where matured 1st generation schizonts were found at 48 hours after inoculation, 2nd generation schizonts at 72 hours, and gametes and oocysts at 144 hours. Many oocysts were located in the CAM and in the urate deposits, and a few in the allantoic fluid. Similar oocyst yields were observed with embryos on days 7 and 8 after inoculation, between which periods there was no appreciable difference in oocyst sporulation rate. The mortaIities did not differ significantly among embryos inoculated between 8 and 12 days of age, while the lowest oocyst yield was obtained from the embryos inocu1ated at 8 days of age. The mortality increased with increment of the inoculum size between 100 and 100, 000, and the oocyst yield increased proportionally to logarithm of the dose from 63 to 10, 000. It is obvious from the results that the oocysts were efficiently harvested from the CAM and urate deposits of the embryos incubated at 41°C for 7 to 8 days after inoculation with 1×103 sporozoites into the allantoic cavity between 9 and 12 days of age.


Background One of the most prevalent gynaecological cancers in developed nations is Endometrial Carcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia,
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and nally fully developed, well-differentiated Adenocarcinoma are regarded to be the progression of
premalignant lesions into Endometrial Carcinoma. The p53 signalling pathways are crucial in the development of Endometrial Cancer. Expression
of p53 is associated with Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinomas. T Aim & Objective o study the expression of p53 as
molecular biomarker in Normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of endometrium. Material & Methods A total of 50 cases of endometrial
biopsies were collected over a period of 18 months from January 2020 to June 2021. Samples were received and reported in Department of
Pathology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A total of 50 cases of e Results ndometrial lesion were studied. p53 expression was
observed in 80% cases of the Endometrial Carcinoma and 50% cases of Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia. It was mostly negative in Normal and
Endometrial Hyperplasia. Expression of p53 in Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinomas helps to detect the progression and
predicting the response to targeted therapies against carcinogenic pathways. Conclusion p53 expression is mainly seen in Endometrial Cancer and
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia. And it is almost absent in Normal and Endometrial Hyperplasia. The dysregulation appears to be most evident
in the Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia. This expression pattern suggests that p53 over-expression could be the origin of endometrial cancer


Experimental work has been conducted using silica oxide SiO2 nanoparticle as anadditive to diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine in order to reduce pollutantsemissions and to improve engine performance. A 10 ppm and 20 ppm of SiO2 nanoparticleis added to the diesel fuel. The results showed that the SiO2 nanoparticle blended with dieselfuel improve engine performance such as brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuelconsumption, increase in exhaust gas temperature and reduces carbon monoxide, andunburned hydrocarbon emissions. Also the results showed that the blend of the SiO2nanoparticle to diesel fuel led to increase in the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases. Thetests are carried out at constant speed of 1500 rpm, under different engine load conditions.


During the Qian Long period of the Qing dynasty, China witnessed frequent natural disasters. Emperor Qian Long thought that the national barns were nongovernmental barns by nature. In order to ensure food supply in the disaster hit areas, effective measures were taken under the guidance of Emperor Qian Long's thoughts on famine relief. On one hand, grain supposed to be transported to the capital by water was partly withheld and allocated; money was allocated; there was famine relief efforts in disaster hit areas with the help of areas with bumper harvests. As a result, a great deal of food and money were allocated to disaster hit areas. On the other hand, grain was exempt from tariffs temporarily; the ban on grain's moving to and from the sea was lifted and so was the restriction on rice buying. By so doing, the feudal central government played a full role in its macro control over its grain market and free circulation of grain between areas with bumper harvests and those without was promoted. Eventually, the objective of feeding the victims of natural disasters properly was achieved by and large, which had a far-reaching influence on the timely and effective disaster relief efforts and the maintenance of public stability.


Although companies have spent a great deal of money to adopt CRM (customer relationship management) technologies, many have not seen satisfactory returns on their CRM implementations. We study optimal CRM implementation strategies and the impact of CRM investments on profitability. For our analysis, we classify CRM technologies into two broad categories: targeting-related and support-related technologies. While targeting CRM improves the success rate of distinguishing between nonloyal and loyal customers, support CRM increases the probability of retaining the loyalty of existing customers. We also consider the costs of implementing each CRM type separately as well as both types simultaneously. We show that the optimal CRM implementation strategy depends on the initial mass of loyal customers and diseconomies of scale in simultaneous implementation. We also find that the two types of CRM technologies are substitutive rather than complementary in generating revenue. We discuss why it is difficult to avoid overinvestments in CRM when the nature of the investments is misunderstood. We study the optimal CRM implementation scope and the impact of different types of CRM on customers. We develop a model that not only considers both the revenue and costs sides but is also helpful in determining the deployment of right CRM technology in the right scope.


A comparative study is presented of the thrombelastographic patterns produced by, and the curves correlating concentration and activity of, fibrinolytic agents incorporated in a bovine fibrin clot containing various amounts of human plasma. Except for a delay of lysis the thrombelastographic patterns produced by plasmin in the simple fibrin clot are in principle retained in the presence of plasma. An interference of plasmin with clot structure is revealed by a decreased maximum amplitude. The slopes of the plasmin correlation curves are considerably increased in the presence of plasma.


The combination between ecology and labor economics makes new eyes on the traditional research. Terms like population,community,ecosystem,and niche have been applied to the labor market.Labor market,as an important dimension of enterprise niches on which the competition between firms is based affects enterprise ecology through density dependence.In one word,the cross-fertilization of ecology enriches ideas of labor market analysis.


I have chosen to use my time today to explore relationships among music, recording media, the concept of performance, and my own not yet fully theorized sense of a difference between audio recordings and audiovisual recordings. I will speak today primarily from experience in the hope that there can be some dialogue around the issues I raise. I will frame my current dilemma with two moments in my own research.


Three confirmed infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.640 variant under monitoring were reported in Normandy, north-western France in late November 2021. Investigations led to the identification of two events linked to the same cluster. A total of 75 confirmed and probable B.1.640 cases were reported. All had completed the primary vaccination series. Sixty-two cases were older than 65 years. Fifty-six cases had symptoms and four were hospitalised. This investigation provides preliminary results concerning a variant with limited information currently available.


Polycrystalline xBa0.95Sr0.05TiO3-(1 - x)BiFe0.90Gd0.10O3 ceramics were prepared by standard solid state reaction technique using the solid solution of BaCO3, SrCO3, TiO2, Bi2O3, Fe2O3 and Gd2O3. The compound is a BiFeO3 based multiferroic material which contains both magnetic and electric properties. The synthesized ceramics noticed better properties than xBaTiO3-(1 - x)BiFeO3 because of adding rare earth element Gd which have higher magnetic moment than Fe. The prepared samples were sintered at 900˚C, 950˚C and 1000˚C for 1 h. The effect of sintering temperature on density of the compound, complex initial permeability, dielectric properties and complex impedance analysis was reported in this article. Density of the ceramics was found to be enhanced with the rise in sintering temperature which implied porosity of the compound decreased when sintering temperature was increased. Enhanced complex initial permeability was noticed for the samples up to 950˚C and this might be attributed to reducing the motion of domain wall when the ceramics were sintered above 950˚C. Value of dielectric constant increased whereas dielectric loss decreased and these modifications might be expected because of changing density and grain size due to the variation of sintering temperature. Grain resistance (resistance due to grains) was determined from complex impedance analysis and it reduced with the rise in sintering temperature. The studied multiferroic material exhibited weak ferromagnetism but is an alternative product of environmental hazard lead (Pb) based multiferroic material and it is expected to be environment friendly.


This work addresses the block-diagonal semidefinite program (SDP) relaxations for the clique number of the Paley graphs. The size of the maximal clique (clique number) of a graph is a classic NP-complete problem; a Paley graph is a deterministic graph where two vertices are connected if their difference is a quadratic residue (square) in a finite field with the number of elements given by certain primes and prime powers. Improving the upper bound for the Paley graph clique number for prime powers that are non-squares is an open problem in combinatorics. Moreover, since quadratic residues exhibit pseudorandom properties, Paley graphs are related to the construction of deterministic restricted isometries, an open problem in compressed sensing. Recent work provides numerical evidence that the current upper bounds can be improved by the sum-of-squares (SOS) relaxations. In particular, the bounds given by the SOS relaxations of degree 4 (SOS-4) have been empirically observed to be growing at an order smaller than square root of the prime. However, computations of SOS-4 appear to be intractable with respect to large graphs. Gvozdenovic et al. introduced a more computationally efficient block-diagonal hierarchy of SDPs and computed the values of these SDPs of degrees 2 (L2) for the Paley graph clique numbers associated with primes p less or equal to 809, which bound from above the corresponding SOS-4 relaxations. We compute the values of the L2 relaxations for p's between 821 and 997. Our results provide some numerical evidence that these relaxations, and therefore also the SOS-4 relaxations, may be scaling at an order smaller than the square root of p. However, due to the size of the SDPs, we have not been able to compute L2 relaxations for p's greater than 997. Therefore, our scaling estimate is not conclusive and presents an interesting open problem for further study.


Genetically engineered plants and their residues may pose direct or indirect impacts on different ecosystem functions. The aim of this experiment was to determine the decay rates of Bt and non-Bt cotton leaves and to determine the rate at which the Bt-δ-endotoxin in Bt cotton leaves decomposes in soil. In laboratory incubation study Bt and non-Bt cotton leaves were added to a soil in which Bt cotton was cultivated for last three years (termed as Bt soil) and to another soil where transgenic crops were never cultivated (termed as Bulk soil). Different amount of leaf residues viz; 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% added to both the soil which represented varied amount of Cry1Ac (Bt toxin) viz; 0 μg/g, 0.17 μg/g, 0.8 μg/g, 1.7 μg/g, 3.4 μg/g which was quantified by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). In 73 days incubation study, there was less CO2 evolution rate from Bt leaves in comparison with non Bt leaves in both of the soil. Simultaneous quantification study of Bt toxin (Cry1AC) from both of the soil (sampled from the incubation experiment) at different steps reveals longer persistence of Bt toxin in soil where Bt cotton was cultivated for long time rather than that of Bulk soil (never cultivated with Bt crops). The result suggested that though Bt toxin decomposes in soil but can persist in soil if cultivated for long time and Bt leaves are more recalcitrant in comparison with non Bt cotton leaves which may indirectly impact on soil fertility status due to low mineralization rate.


Combination campaign which started in 1987 and ended in 2008 made great influence to the development of democracy at the grass-roots level of our country.From the practice of the combination campaign we know that there are so many difficulties lying in our grass-roots democratic autonomy,eg.traditional culture suppresses civil spiritual growth,vertical power structure goes to rigid and horizontal entrenched power structure of the organizations shows insufficiency.The approaches to realizing rural grassroots democracy of our country include: respecting for differences and constructing harmonious village relations;reasoning with traditional culture,promoting the training of civic spirit;supporting the development of rural autonomous organization,extending of mutual social transverse power network and training farmers' democratic habit.


Since the introduction of the E‐Vita Open NEO aortic prosthesis in 2020, several incidences of post‐anastomotic oozing from the polyester portion of the graft have emerged. The use of BioGlue to prime E‐Vita Open NEO to prevent this has been suggested as a way to mitigate this worrying complication. We investigate the extent of graft oozing in E‐Vita Open NEO and evaluate the use of BioGlue in preventing oozing, both experimentally and in terms of potential clinical complications.


Precolorbreak treatment of Marsh grapefruit and Shamouti and Valencia oranges with 20 or 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) reduced fruit susceptibility to laboratory infestation by Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Treatment effects were dose‐dependent and the benefits were most pronounced with the orange cultivars. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to use of GA treatment for improved fruit fly control in citrus.


This paper presents a performance assessment of macro fiber composite (MFC) sensors for measuring acoustic emission (AE) signals from partial discharges (PD) in power transformers filled with mineral oil. MFC sensors are low-profile and flexible, allowing them to be attached to uneven surfaces, such as a transformer wall. Two types of MFC sensors were assessed: P1 (d33 effect) and P2 (d31 effect), which are optimized for different deformations in the structure, such as elongation and contraction, respectively. In addition, a conventional AE sensor, R15I-AST model from Physical Acoustics South America, was also used as a reference for comparative analysis. Four metrics were applied to the signals: root mean square, energy criterion, Akaike criterion, power spectral density, and correlation. The experimental results indicate a high similarity between the MFC sensors and the conventional AE sensor, which expands the research field in acoustic PD measurement in power transformers by using low-cost and flexible sensors.


bias — in this case a sexist one — that palpable absurdities like 'he gives birth' were easier to accept than a commonplace reality which didn't fit the stereotype. When I began publishing female gender glosses for gender neutral terms, I was soon made aware that many of my male colleagues found it no less disquieting than I had. My female colleagues, in contrast, seemed to grasp the issues effortlessly. A second anecdote illustrates another aspect of the matter. In one of the sessions of the Haas Festival Conference, the debate between "lumpers" and "splitters" had begun to generate more heat than light. Mary Haas then rose with a comment which went something like this. "When I started my career many years ago, I did a lot of lumping. I pushed that about as far as it could go. Now for a while I've been doing splitting, and I think I've pushed that too about as far as it will go. So I think maybe it's time I looked at lumping again. That's my approach: first I lump, then I split, then I lump some more. That's how you make progress in science." Her comment may of course merely reflect Mary's excellent grasp of scientific method; it may have been produced by the wisdom acquired over a long life of thought; but I sense a particularly female quality to that intervention. It has often been noted that a change of paradigm takes place not because established scholars become convinced but because at length they die off. And I'm sure that observation is true of many male scholars. How often we see them cling to a disproved hypothesis like a martyr to his crucifix, or a drunkard to his bottle! One of the great strengths of women scholars, or at least some of them, may be simply a greater ability to examine and reexamine alternate hypotheses objectively, and experiment with alternate approaches to a recalcitrant problem. Other papers in the volume are: "Levels of Conjunction in Tauya" (MacDonald, pp. 71-90), "Language Planning Goals in Contemporary Hebrew" (Nahir, pp. 91-112), "The Syllabification of Verb Prefixes in Halfway River Beaver" (Randoja, pp. 139-156), "The Evolutionary Interaction of Sex and Language" (Wade, pp. 157-170), and "Passives With and Without Agents" (Wolfart, pp. 171-190).


The subject innovation relates to a vacuum cleaner, the subject innovation is the filtering means 20 and the left and right suction hose, the hose towing means for possibly traction moved up and down 30 and the hood member so as to remove the foreign material by the eddy current ( 40) and to consist of a driving unit 50, and the drive section 50, the control means 60 to control having a plurality of suction motors (54A, 54B), according to the present invention, tissue paper, plastic slice, toothpicks , being a foreign matter such as a dust containing a relatively large foreign matter and moisture, fat, such as coins separated by the eddy current in the filtering means 20, it is possible to prevent clogging caused by a foreign matter containing a large foreign substance or moisture, intermediate portion of the suction hose 22 is installed on the bending prevention member 36 may be bending is prevented, and suction hose 22 is easily used by being freely movable by the hose traction means (30), a plurality of a suction motor (54 A, 54B), by to operate simultaneously or alternatively the suction motor (54A, 54B), life, and the possible extension, the suction hose 22 is used is completed when the suction motor by on / off operation of the rotation operation switch of the (54A, 54B) is configured to stop, it is possible to prevent the continuous operation of the suction motor (54A, 54B) according to the "off" forgotten, the filtering process is visually observed to effect the reliability of the product can be secured a.


A series of high-sensitivity reactance sensors at 6.5/11/17.5/30-GHz is demonstrated for dielectric spectroscopy sensing on a single micron-size biological specimen. SNR is enhanced with the combination of interferometry and injection-locked oscillator sensors while the offset incurred by chopping-ripple is reduced through ping-pong nested chopping. The sensors achieve a sensitivity of less than 1.25 aF at 100-kHz, enabling label-free cellular detection as a new analytical tool.


Most of the research on Paleoentomology focuses on describing morphology and classification of one species of fossil insects. However, there is little information on the temporal diversity of insects during the Permian and Triassic periods. The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) was the greatest biological and ecological crisis of the Phanerozoic Eon on Earth, while the pattern of recovery of terrestrial ecosystem is still unclear. In this paper, the population and distribution of insects in various regions of China before and after the fifth mass extinction were studied by counting the fossil literature data of insects from the Permian to Triassic. We found the genus diversity of the proto-orthoptera decreased after the mass extinction. The Blattoidea (cockroach) showed a brief trend of extinction after the mass extinction, but soon returned to prosperity; Hemiptera's population was less affected by mass extinctions, with only minor fluctuations in diversity and subsequent prosperity beyond the Permian; The order Mecoptera is speculated to be an emerging species of the Triassic. Specific trend changes for the above four purposes may be affected by volcanic activity. Insect diversification can reflect changes in terrestrial ecology, providing a reliable example of changes in our current climate environment: scientists can predict the possible ecological impact of global warming through previous records, and take preventive measures to prevent the mass extinction of species again.


This paper has a fairly circumscribed project. It is a critical one. My concern is not directly with the matter of national identity or nationalism, but with a reflection on the narrative of modern Buddhist history in Sri Lanka, one that, to be sure, informs nationalism. Nor do I aim to introduce new and compelling evidence for 'what really happened' to Buddhism in the 19th century, but rather to inquire into some aspects of the way that story has generally been told, the rhetorical economy through which it has been constructed and to suggest—at least in outline—why and through what concepts it ought to be recast. Indeed, the task here is only to try to produce something of a revised conceptual terrain in which a different sort of history of the relation between Buddhism and modernity in Sri Lanka might usefully be written.


In this paper we study a powered integral inequality
involving a finite sum, which can be used to solve
the inequalities with singular kernels.
We present that the solution of the inequality is decided by a finite recursion,
whose result is proved to be a continuous, bounded or asymptotic function.
Meanwhile, in order to overcome an obstacle from powers of integrals,
we modify the method of monotonization into the powered monotonization.
Furthermore, relying on the result and our technique of concavification,
we discuss a generalized stochastic integral inequality,
and give an estimate of the mean square.
In the end, as applications, we study uniform boundedness and continuous dependence of solutions
for a class of stochastic differential equation in mean square.


Demonstrable penicillin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid have been reported after intravenous or intramuscular administration only in patients who had inflammatory processes of the meninges 1 or when the penicillin was given by direct instillation. 2 Attainment of significant 3 penicillin activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients who did not show evidence of meningeal involvement is not reported in the available literature. McDermott and Nelson 4 and Mackie, 5 utilizing intramuscular doses as high as 500,000 Oxford units, failed to achieve significant cerebrospinal fluid concentration. Our own efforts, during the past twenty-two months, after intramuscular doses of 20,000, 40,000 and 200,000 units have likewise been unsuccessful. Neymann, Heilbrunn and Youmans 6 recently concluded that the intravenous and intramuscular methods of administration of penicillin were ineffective because "the hematoencephalic barrier cannot be breached." We are presenting a series of cases in which significant levels of penicillin were obtained in the


Lactose degradation in the presence of C18 long chain fatty acids was examined under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C. The lactose degradation rate was a function of linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA) concentrations but independent of the amount of stearic acid (SA) added. In cultures fed with LA, lactose was removed within approximately 12 h and within 6 h for cultures inoculated with OA or SA. Glucose, a product of lactose degradation, was only observed in cultures fed with 500–700 mg dm−3 LA and 1000 mg dm−3 OA. No galactose was detected under any of the conditions examined. The cause of glucose accumulation is likely due to inhibition of acidogens by LA and OA. Lactate was detected under all conditions examined. LA was more inhibitory on lactate-consuming organisms than OA and SA and larger amounts of lactate were observed in cultures fed with LA. In addition to lactate, butyrate, propionate and acetate were also observed. Accumulation of volatile fatty acids was a function of the type and concentration of long chain fatty acids. In cultures fed with SA, lower levels of butyrate and acetate were observed when compared with those inoculated with LA and OA and no propionate was detected. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry


In this paper,on the basis of the dynamical model established of the engine vibration isolation system,the design of the neural network controller for the Matlab/Simulink simulation study.Neural network adaptive active vibration control techniques and mechanical passive vibration isolating methods were compared to get the control parameters modified and consummated automatically using adaptive control algorithm,and achieved optimal results eventually.


The existence of a positive relationship between spiritual engagement and well-being is currently based on weak correlational evidence, generally in Western contexts. This study advances understanding through a naturalist, longitudinal study of 226 people, including Malays, Chinese, and Indians, experiencing the Hindu Thaipusam festival in Malaysia. We measured the subjective well-being of people with varying levels of engagement—from nonobservance or simply observing the festival to extreme engagement. Each person was assessed 3 months before, 2 weeks before, 2 weeks after, and 4 months after the festival. We found that the subjective well-being of those with the most extreme level of engagement was permanently higher than other groups. The well-being of those with a strong, but less extreme engagement rose at the time of the festival and remained elevated. The findings are discussed in relation to homeostatic theory of well-being and the potential benefits of spiritual engagement.