While the Bolivian 'post' consultation about the contested construction of a highway through the TIPNIS has received a lot of attention, very little is known about the 27 prior consultations that have been concluded between June 2007 and February 2012 in its hydrocarbon sector. This article focuses on these procedures and presents three emblematic cases in more detail. It identifies frequent shortcomings of consultation practices like the 'information hurdle', irregularities, the limited decision-making power of affected local populations and the lack of transparency regarding the compensation payments. The article argues that consultations could be improved by complementing international human rights instruments on indigenous rights with insights from deliberative theories. It concludes that as long as local ideas of self-determined development remain subordinated to prioritized extractive industries, the right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) will remain distant, even in a plurinational state like Bolivia.


In order to obtain slip strength of perforated rib shear connector (PBL), a lot of tests have been conducted by push-out est, of which method is basically same as "Method of push-out tests for studs with heads" by Japan Society of Steel Construction (JSSC). However, is the method of JSSC applicable to the test for PBL which is usually collapsed by concrete crack, different from stud collapse mode caused by stud failure? This paper, by conducting push-out ests and pull-out tests of PBL, investigates applicability of push-out test method. Tests results show far different slip behaviors and strengths between push-out and pull-out tests, though the slip mechanism of PBL is intrinsically identical in terms of slipping of concrete in a hole by slip force. Since the difference of slip strength according to test method must have depended on concrete confinements caused by factors such as concrete covering, concrete block size, reinforcement hrough a hole, etc., these confinement effects should be taken into account correctly to evaluate slip strength of PBL.


Three kinds of salts were selected and mixed in a cretain molar ratio based on their sodium ion.Then,they were used as accelerants of the Reactive Yellow KE-4R to dye cotton.The dyeing results showed that the fixation was 78.7% while sodium sulfate,sodium chloride and sodium citrate mixed in the molar ratio of 2∶1∶3.However,the fixation was 69.5% while the sodium ion molar concentration of sodium citrate sloution was 1/3 higher than that of the mixed salt.In addition,the fixation of mixed salt of sodium sulfate,sodium citrate and soduim acetate trihydrate in the molar ratio of 2∶3∶1 was equal to the fixation of the sodium citrate solution with the sodium ion molar concentration 1/3 higher than that of the mixed salt.The mixed salt of sodium chloride,sodium citrate and sodium acetate trihydrate possessed good accelerating effect also.The amount of the organic salt and the inorganic salt could be decreased and got the target of economy and environment-protection by mixing salt.


Summary Side effects of steroid contraception during lactation are discussed and followed by a review of the relevant literature. It appears that oestrogen has an inhibiting effect on lactation performance, but progestogen alone does not. Most of the undesirable systemic side effects of oral contraceptives on the mother are connected with the relative excess or deficiency of the oestrogen and/or the progestogen component. It is likely that a low oestrogen content preparation causes no dangerous side effects. There are few data about the appearance of contraceptive steroids in breast milk. Probably only a small proportion of the steroids are excreted into the milk. Any adverse effects, on the infant, such as slow weight gain, neonatal breast hypertrophy and breast milk jaundice, are dependent on the two preceding factors. It is doubtful whether the small amount of contraceptive steroids contained in modern pills exert any influence on the fetus. Although further examinations are necessary, the low dosage of progestogen and oestrogen combined contraceptives given at fully established lactation under close control seems to be advantageous to both mothers and their infants.


ABSTRACT A mass mortality event that occurred in the Mississippi Sound in September 2016 provided an opportunity for the first natural field study of the rate of taphonomic loss of oyster shell. At the Pass Christian Reef, limited recruitment in the years following the mortality event resulted in little shell addition over a 2.67-y period, thereby permitting a direct comparison between shell present as living oysters in August 2016 and dead shell collected in April/May 2019. By April 2019, most oyster shell valves were riddled with holes, some of which perforated the valves. Deterioration of the shell surface was ubiquitous, and edge erosion was commonplace. Left valves were preferentially preserved: the left valves comprised 67% of the intact valves and 85% of the minor fragments after 2.67 y. Thus, at the time of collection, minimally 50% of the right valves originally present on the reef had disappeared. The increased differential between left and right valves of the minor fragments suggests a continuing differential in preservation, leading to cultch being overwhelmingly represented by left valves. Based on estimates derived from changes in shell weight at length and estimates of right-valve loss, by April 2019, between 30% and 51% of the carbonate originally added to the reef in 2016 was lost, yielding an estimated oyster shell half-life of between 2.6 and 5.1 y in the Mississippi Sound. The half-lives estimated from this first infield experiment fall precisely within the range of previous less direct estimates from laboratory experiments or survey time series. Oyster shell degrades rapidly: case histories now include a wide latitudinal range and a wide temperature range, which suggests that these rapid shell degradation rates are the norm over most of the range of the eastern oyster. Understanding the impermanence of oyster shell is crucial to the sustainable management of oyster reefs, as the addition of shell to the reef framework must balance rapid shell degradation rates to prevent stock collapse and ultimately the loss of reef structure.


Robot vision is a specialty of intelligent machines which describes the interaction between robotic manipulators and machine vision. Early robot vision systems were built to demonstrate that a robot with vision could adapt to changes in its environment. More recently attention is being directed toward machines with expanded adaptation and learning capabilities. The use of robot vision for automatic inspection and recognition of objects for manipulation by an industrial robot or for guidance of a mobile robot are two primary applications. Adaptation and learning characteristics are often lacking in industrial automation and if they can be added successfully, result in a more robust system. Due to a real time requirement, the robot vision methods that have proven most successful have been ones which could be reduced to a simple, fast computation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the fundamental concepts in sufficient detail to provide a starting point for the interested engineer or scientist. A detailed example of a camera system viewing an object and for a simple, two dimensional robot vision system is presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for further study are presented.


This research deals with the production-distribution planning system in a supply chain environment. We consider multi-objectives for the plan including minimization of production cost, transformation cost, backorder cost and inventory holding cost. Also we consider realistic constraints such as the capacity of factory, distribution center, inventory and transportation vehicle, balance of inventory, backorder, etc. We propose a method that transforms the supply chain planning problem into constraint programming so that is can handle multiple objectives. A small example is presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.


This Theological Commentary is the first full-length work in English to consider Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion in its entirety, both the words and the music. Bach's oratorio is a globally popular musical work, and a significant expression of Lutheran theology.

The commentary explains the Biblical and poetic text, and its musical setting, line by line. Bach's Passion is shown to be the work of a master craftsman and trained theologian, in the collaborative and cultural milieu of eighteenth-century, Lutheran Leipzig.

For the first time, this work makes much German scholarship available in English, including archival sources, and includes a new scholarly translation of the libretto. The musical and theological terms are explained, to enable an interdisciplinary understanding of the Passion's meaning and continued significance.


The term mission in its modern meaning was coined during the expansion of western Christianity which was in many ways entangled with colonialism. The western missionary movement's modus operandi was adopted by missions from other backgrounds as well, when economic growth and growth of revivalist Christianity have coincided. When the outcome is new churches in economically underprivileged areas, there is an economic and power imbalance between the mission agency and the local church. However, locally instituted churches and migrant churches have challenged the pattern and strengthened mission from the economic and political margins. Mission in the world of economic inequality has also reinvigorated the classic theological question of how to relate to money and power. From the margins, the prosperity gospel is often the response whereas many churches which traditionally represent power and affluence tend to present perspectives critical towards global capitalism. (Less)


Possibilities of the decision of compromise problems with using of complex indicators of quality for optimization of technological modes of clearing of raw gas in manufacture ethylene are resulted.


This paper describes an explorative study carried out to ascertain whether any change has occurred in the driving speed on motorways since the modification of the speed limit on may 1, 1988, and the publicity campaigns about this change, and the increased level of police enforcement. It is concluded that after an initial reduction in speed in may 1988, which was probably caused by publicity and law enforcement, in fact no direct correlations could be found between the speed behaviour and the efforts of enforcement and publicity.


Recently, the quality of graduates and their ability to meet the needs of employers became widely discussed worldwide. Despite the enormous importance of academic knowledge and cognitive abilities, today employment opportunities are more
determined on the basis of the concept of soft skills. In Russia, this problem is still unsolved: the training programs of most universities are based on traditional methods with little or no time devoted to the soft skills development. In Europe, this situation has been relevant for several decades due to the global changes in the economy and, accordingly, an acute shortage of jobs. Therefore, the issues of employment and the quality of competencies and skills of graduates have already been studied a lot. The vast experience of Europe can be borrowed by Russian universities, which are just beginning to move towards the development of soft skills and the awareness of the need for their development within the framework of university disciplines. The article describes terminological variations, analyzes different methods and approaches to training and assessing soft skills, as well as presents the best practices of EU countries on teaching soft skills.


Iron substituted Cu2Zn(1-x)Fe(x)SnSe4 stannites were synthesized by reaction of the constituent elements and subsequent annealing, followed by densification by hot-pressing. The compositions for each specimen were confirmed with a combination of Rietveld refinement and elemental analysis. Refinement results indicated that only the 2a site was occupied by Zn and Fe. High temperature transport properties were measured from 300 to 800 K. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity decrease with increasing Fe content. For the lower Fe content specimens with x = 0.2 and 0.4, the electrical properties are strongly temperature dependent, unlike that of the higher Fe content specimens (x = 0.6 and 0.8). A maximum ZT value of 0.46 was obtained at 800 K for Cu2Zn0.4Fe0.6SnSe4.


The methods used for the measurement of the radioactivity of rain and fall-out are described. An outline is given of the method used for chemical separation and radiometric determination of Sr/sup 90/ in fall-out and rain. (J.S.R.)


1. Funding mechanism and payment dates The potential shortcomings of the DCS related to the lack of a standing fund, with bank levies being collected only after a default has been declared, are well known. While the revisions made in 2008, allowing for the possibility of Treasury funding and borrowing by the Scheme Manager, went some way towards rectifying these shortcomings, caps on both the bank levies and the level of Treasury funding mean that timely payment of the full compensation sums payable cannot be guaranteed. In the case of KSFIOM, these hastily implemented provisions ensured that all claimants received the amount due as a single payment a little over 4 months after the default was (finally!) declared on 27 May 2009. However, there is no guarantee that this would always be possible and the Regulations continue to allow for payment to be made over several years if insufficient funds are available. The revised (2010) DCS Regulations state that "once 28 days have elapsed after a default", the Scheme Manager may, "if he considers that immediate payment in full would not be prudent ... make a payment ... on account of the compensation sum payable ('an interim payment')" [Regulation 11(2)]. This is in stark contrast to the situation in the UK where the FSA rules stipulate that full payment should be made within 3 months of the claim being approved (and that within 5 working days of the default). ( http://fsah andbook.info/FSA/html/handbook/COMP/9/2 ) From 31 Dec 2010, this delay is to be reduced to 20 working days.


Proposed beta-interferon (IFNβ) treatment failure criteria for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have not been validated in clinical practice. This study aimed to establish (a) whether IFNβ attenuated accumulation of fixed disability in comparison to a cohort of matched historical control subjects from the Sylvia Lawry centre for MS research, and (b) whether relapse-based treatment failure criteria or clinical and demographic variables had predictive value for the accumulation of fixed disability. Of the 175 IFNβ-treated RRMS patients, 60 (34%) developed accumulation of fixed disability over a median of five years follow-up, which was significantly less than the rate of accumulation of fixed disability in the control group (P<0.0001). Any relapse in the treatment period predicted accumulation of fixed disability with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 43%; patients totally relapse free were less likely to develop accumulation of fixed disability (P <0.002). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a greater risk of accumulation of fixed disability was conferred by a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score starting IFNβ (P=0.02), and by failure of IFNβ to completely suppress relapses (P=0.004). In conclusion, IFNβ therapy reduced the accumulation of fixed disability in a cohort of RRMS patients, followed for a median of five years. Higher baseline EDSS and failure of complete relapse suppression were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of accumulation of fixed disability. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 336-342. http://msj.sagepub.com


Recent years has witnessed the rapid convergence medias in China's media industry. It is urgent need to change traditional mode of single media communication. In order to meet the audience's new demand for news and information, radio news communication should be innovated so as to keep pace with the times. The paper firstly analyzes the difficulties and challenges in the environment of media convergence, followed by the discussion of the approaches to innovation and development for radio news communication.


Atmospheric phenomena can influence flight safety through a series of manifestations of the air masses in the flight area. Such a dangerous manifestation is the icing that can seriously affect the performance of aircraft and lead to flight events. The article draws attention to the phenomenon of icing as located on propellers, a phenomenon which is analyzed on both a 2D (aerodynamic profile) and a three-dimensional (three-blade propeller) geometry, using the Qblade freeware tool, and in the case of icing formed on the NACA 0009 leading edge. The aerodynamic analysis proposed for comparison provides graphical and numerical data relevant for an assessment of the degree of influence of icing deposits in the analyzed case, the proposed geometries and the generated numerical data can be exported and exploited later, by using software analysis tools.


Case rePOrT A 59- year- old man with a medical history notable for 30 years of alcohol use, up to 15 shots of whiskey (~200 g alcohol) daily, presented to the emergency department with increasing abdominal girth and jaundice. He had no known liver disease; however, his primary care physician noticed jaundice earlier that week during a routine assess-ment. Workup for viral hepatitis and autoimmune markers was negative. Computed tomography (CT) scan (Fig. 1) revealed cirrhotic liver morphology, along with moder-ate volume ascites, patent portal vein, and splenomegaly. Laboratory tests were notable for a sodium concentration of 126 mmol/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration of 178 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration of 52 U/L, creatinine concentration of 0.8 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration of 181 U/L, and total bilirubin concentration of 23.7 mg/dL, as well as an international normalized ratio of 1.77. Complete blood count was notable for white blood cells of 9700/ μ L, he-moglobin of 9.8 g/dL, and platelet count of 80,000/ μ L. Model for End- Stage Liver Disease– Sodium (MELD- Na) score at that time was 30. He was admitted for further assessment. patient ×8;


The invention discloses an air hitting ball table. The air hitting ball table comprises a table; three ball sockets and three ball arranging points are arranged on a table surface; the three ball sockets comprise the first ball socket, the second ball socket and the third ball socket; the first ball socket is arranged at one end of the table surface; the second ball socket and the third ball socket are arranged at the other end of the table surface; the first ball arranging point, the second ball arranging point and the third ball arranging point are respectively arranged at table surface positions which are outside the internal side edges of the first ball socket, the second ball socket and the third ball socket; the pore diameter of an air tube is smaller than the diameter of the balls; the diameter of the first ball socket, the second ball socket and the third ball socket is larger than that of ball bodies. The air hitting ball table has the advantages of being not limited to sites and weather conditions and improving the vital capacity during entertainment.


A new method has been developed for solving the integral equation which determines the slit function H(x) used for correcting small-angle scattering curves for the effects of the length of the collimating slits. With this technique the H(x) function has been calculated for the weighting function for the Beeman four-slit collimation system. The slit function has also been evaluated for a Gaussian weighting function and for a weighting function for which the intensity distribution in the detector plane has the form of a trapezoid. The slit functions for all of these weighting functions gave excellent results when employed to compute collimation corrections for several test functions. The slit functions also permitted a study of the sensitivity of the corrected intensity to changes in the form of the weighting function. The tests verified that, as has usually been assumed in the past, the corrected intensity is relatively intensitive to small changes in the weighting function.


The objective of this study is to simulate impact damage in stringer stiffened composite fuselage panels from impact by burst tyre debris. The structure being investigated is a composite landing bay panel, which is being designed and tested by Airbus within an EU funded project ALCAS. The impact simulations are performed in the commercial explicit FE code PAM-CRASH and they are provided with basic composites materials property data from which ply damage and delamination model parameters are determined. An in-house model for tyre rubber is provided. A key aspect of the project is to study ply delamination and skin/stringer debonding under impact loads and to compare panel damage for two different composite materials systems.


Urinary catecholamines, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and blood glucose concentration levels were studied in different groups of employees working in three engineering industry plants. Experiments were performed on 388 male subjects who were exposed to noise at work. Special attention was paid to differences in the values of these variables between people exposed to noise levels of 55 dB or below, and those exposed to 75 dB or more. The excretion of urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline was measured during the last three hours of the work shift. Determinations of serum cholesterol and blood glucose concentrations, as well as blood pressure measurements were made in an examination arranged about 1.5-3.0 hours after the work shift. Measurements of equivalent noise levels were carried Out at individual workplaces. A theory was formulated that industrial noise exposure was reflected in employees as elevated noradrenaline excretion, serum cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure. Relatively higher systolic blood pressure, noradrenaline and cholesterol levels were found in employees whose work environmental noise level was 75 dB or more compared with persons working in environments with a noise level under 55 dB. The increase in blood glucose concentration, adrenaline excretion and diastolic blood pressure level was not as clear in the people working in noise at a level of more than 75 dB. This kind of extra-auditory response pattern in the human organism gives some evidence to support the association between occupational noise exposure and endocrine and cardiovascular disorder.


The effect of variety,density and level of fertilization on the high oil soybean yield and quality was studied by field experiment.The results showed variety,density and level of fertilization affected the plant dry matter accumulation by leaf area index dynamics and chlorophyll dynamics,which affected yield and quality at last.The yield of high oil soybean was mainly affected by fertilizerlerd.For example,Nongda 96065,got its highest yield at the desity of 36×104 plants/hm2 and the fertilizer level of 210 kg/hm2.The content of fat and protein of high oil soybean were affected mainly by its heritage factor,which affected subordinately by density and level of fertilization.However,the total content of protein and fat was affected mainly by density factor,which was affected subordinately by variety and leastly by level of fertilization.


BACKGROUND
In pulmonary sarcoidosis, the optimal means of quantifying change is uncertain. The comparative usefulness of simple lung function trends and chest radiography remains unclear. We aimed to explore and contrast the disease-monitoring strategies of serial pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and chest radiography compared against morphologic change on high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan.

METHODS
Seventy-three patients with sarcoidosis were identified who had two HRCT scans with concurrent chest radiography and PFTs. Chest radiography and HRCT scans were assessed by two radiologists for change in disease extent. Concordance between the scoring systems, as well as agreement between PFT trends (% change from baseline in FEV, FVC, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [Dlco]), chest radiography, and chest HRCT scan change, were examined using the weighted κ coefficient of variation (Kw).

RESULTS
There was fair agreement between change in extent of disease on chest radiograph and significant PFT trends (Kw = 0.35, P < .001) and moderate agreement between change in extent of disease on serial HRCT scan and significant PFT trends (Kw = 0.64, P < .0001). The integration of Dlco trends did not improve concordance between change on HRCT scan and PFT change. Change in gas transfer coefficient (ie, Dlco/alveolar volume) displayed no overall linkage with change in disease extent on chest radiograph (Kw = 0.07, P = .27) and only poor agreement with change in disease extent on HRCT scan (Kw = 0.17, P = .07).

CONCLUSIONS
Significant PFT trends correlate better with morphologic change as defined by serial HRCT scan than extent of disease on radiograph. Isolated change in gas transfer coefficient is more frequently discordant with change in disease extent on chest radiograph and HRCT scan and may suggest a pulmonary vascular component.


SUMMARY: The article Passive Houses for Arctic Climates introduces the new PhD project at Technical University of Denmark, which deals with the German definition of Passive House for the European climate conditions and by means of analysis tries to find an new optimum suitable for Passive Houses in more severe regions where the sources are limited and the best building energy performance is sought. The article illustrates a few examples of the sensible sensitivity analysis made by a thermal building analysis tool – Bsim, where the focus is put on the insulation thickness of wall, roof and floor, and on the window´s thermal characteristics. The analysis are made for the Low Energy house build in 2005 in Sisimiut, Greenland, where the weather is extreme and there are long periods with/without sun. Therefore the solar gains are also investigated. Furthermore the simulations are focused on Greenland (Sisimiut) and Denmark (Copenhagen) weather conditions. And the focus is put on how the Passive Houses will work and how their performance could be improved under more severe or even extreme cold climate conditions where the various technologies, energy sources and outdoor climate are very different.


A. Most likely accidental poisoning of animals, infant humans, and route of contaminated food or suicidal ingestions B. Damage to GI structures (proximal → distal)—see Table 16-1 1. Mouth a. Teeth—stain with food products (coffee, tea), tetracycline, chlorhexidine (in prescription mouthwash), fluoride; TCDD arrests molar development (AhR stimulation → apoptosis) and formation of enamel; cleft palate caused by cell cycle progression and proliferation disruption (TCDD, mycotoxin, glucocorticoids, secalonic acid, retinoic acid)


Recent work on economic development has pointed to productivity growth as an important factor in enabling countries to transition to the ranks of high-income economies. Vocational education is widely seen as one of the means of achieving this, although it requires a close match between the high-quality skills that firms demand and those skills actually taught. Recent efforts by the federal and regional governments in Russia have encouraged the spread of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) between the firms and vocational education institutions as a means to ensure such a match. There is a great deal of variation across regions in the forms of PPP and their adoption, however. This paper seeks to describe the forms of contemporary vocational education in Russia using a novel database of PPP in Russia's regions. Summarizing the recent work, it also attempts to explain why regions vary in their adoption and spread.


Clearly, a distal approach to this challenge would be to dismantle a system of incarceration that also doubles as a system of housing people with mental illness and to replace that with a compassionate approach that considers how we tackle the influences that might drive mental illness and how we create systems that can provide support and care for persons with mental illness rather than consign them to a carceral system that, at best, does not tend to their core mental health problems and, at worst, exacerbates them 5 The challenge for public health is that we have a large, and seemingly intractable, system of incarceration as a clear and present reality, and thinking only about undoing such a system exposes us to reasonable charges of unhelpful idealism Hedden et al study such systems with the aim of finding whether race/ethnicity is associated with access to jail- and community-based mental health treatment Given the simple observation that those with more power, privilege, and access are more likely to obtain benefit from any intervention,6 even in, for example, a jail system, it stands to reason that an intervention that targets only the more proximal mechanisms of action will result in exposing underlying inequities, potentially widening health gaps


The development of spectroscopy is traced through Newton, Fraunhofer and Kirchoff to Hartley, Pollock and Leonard, and De Gramont who, in the period 1880–1920, applied the spectroscope to chemical analysis. It is shown that modern quantitative spectrochemical analysis began with the comparison standard method of Meggers in 1922, and developments since that time are discussed. The organization and functioning of the spectrochemical unit of the analytical group at the Bell Telephone Laboratories is described, and a number of examples of applications to telephone problems are given.


Purpose: This study explores consumers' self-congruence with luxury fashion brands they mention on Facebook. It investigates the extent to which those brands are congruent with the actual self (ASC) or the ideal self (ISC), and whether ASC or ISC of luxury fashion brands on Facebook predicts purchase intention. It also examines trait antecedents of both ASC and ISC Facebook mentions of luxury fashion brands, specifically materialism, self-monitoring, and self-esteem. Design/methodology/approach: Findings are presented from a survey of Facebook users who mention luxury fashion brands on the social medium. Findings: Self-esteem was revealed as an antecedent of ASC luxury fashion brands mentioned on Facebook, while materialism and high self-monitoring predicted ISC luxury fashion brands. Only ASC luxury fashion brands mentioned online were positively associated with purchase intention. Research limitations/implications: Results are exploratory and they are limited to those who are active Facebook users, and who mention a luxury fashion brand on Facebook. Practical implications: The study offers implications for managers of luxury fashion brands seeking to utilise Facebook to enhance the purchase intention for their brands or to increase the idealization of the brand. Originality/value: The paper provides new insights into the relationship between selfcongruent mentions of luxury fashion brands on Facebook and purchase intention of


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a needle-like body holding a sufficient liquid chemical on the surface and stably controlling a liquid chemical holding amount, and a method for manufacturing the needle-like body at a low cost. SOLUTION: In this needle-like body, the surface of a projection part and a base plate surface around the projection part are areas indicating hydrophilicity, and a base plate surface around the hydrophilic area is an area indicating hydrophobicity. By surrounding the hydrophilic area suitable for holding the liquid chemical by the hydrophobic area, the liquid chemical is prevented from flowing out from the hydrophilic area. Thus, the spilling of the liquid chemical from the end part of the base plate is suppressed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


A numerical evaluation of the integrals that constitute the formal solution of the problem of a vertical dipole, which is situated in a homogeneous, warm plasma half-space above a perfectly conducting plane, is considered. An asymptotic series expansion is obtained for these integrals by the double saddle point method of integration. The dominant terms of the solution in the far field are shown to consist of a surface wave, which arises from the residue of a pole, and a space wave, which is the leading term of the saddle point contribution. The space wave is identified as the geometrical ray approximation to the solution. It is demonstrated that the surface wave can propagate when the source frequency is either above or below the plasma frequency. The transfer of power from an incident acoustical ( p ) mode to a boundary-generated electromagnetic ( e ) mode, and from an incident e mode to a boundary-generated p mode, is investigated at a plasma-conductor interface. It is evident in both situations that only a small percentage of the incident power is transformed into the boundary-generated mode. In the case of a vertical dipole, however, it is shown that, at source frequencies which are near to the plasma frequency, the power in the incident p mode is much larger than that in the e mode. Thus, the boundary-generated e mode, which is due to the incident p mode, is as large as the reflected e mode due to an incident e mode. As a result of this effect, it is pointed out that one can represent the reflected e mode by two image sources.


This study aims to explore the description of the Job Demand on the Guard Railway Track. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive by using phenomenology approach on guard of railway Track. Researchers selected four subjects who were in Surabaya as research samples. The result of the research, the subject in carrying out his work showed the existence of Job Demand proposed by Bakker (2003), covering; field work that triggers emotional feelings in the subject, excessive workload, and fieldwork that requires a lot of concentration. The results of research on four subjects result that the demands of work in the field triger emergence of emotional feelings on all subjects, as well as the work load is felt excessive, and fieldwork that requires high concentration.


This paper addresses the issue of power quality management in smart grids. Present development of smart grid technologies such as smart metering are continuously generating novel opportunities and breakthroughs for improving the distribution system performance. This paper proposes a novel approach to be implemented in the new generation of smart meters. This alternative method for harmonics and voltage level analysis dramatically reduces the computational power, in order to allow the inclusion of such functionalities in new Smart Meters design. The developed algorithm is detailed and some results are presented. This solution provides an easy access to the power quality issues at customer level, being an important improvement when prosumers are also considered. Unbundled Smart Meter design is also analysed as an appropriate solution for implementing complex PQ assessments.


This paper introduces a mobile application to guide visually impaired people in transportation using NXT robot to make their life easier in roads and sidewalks. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of applications on the mobiles GPS for guiding and tracking. We have used mobile GPS in our Android mobile application with the help of voice recognition feature to collect the needed coordinates to navigate the user by letting him to communicate with the mobile application and speaks his destination. NXT robot start moving after getting the needed coordinates from the mobile application without crashing because of the obstacle avoidance feature implemented in the robot program. The robot communicates with the mobile application using Bluetooth.


What makes Tibetan culture unique from Han Chinese culture? When we talk about Tibetan culture it is relevant to Tibetan history and its civilisation dating back to 127 BC, particularly from the 7th century when Buddhism flourished in Tibet. Tibetan culture has five major subjects: logic, Tibetan art and culture, Sanskrit, medicine and Buddhist philosophy. This is further divided into five categories: Heart Sutra (the perfection of wisdom), the philosophy of the middle way, the canon of monastic discipline, metaphysics, logic and epistemology. The minor subjects are: poetry, music and drama, astrology, synonyms, metre and phrasing. However, the essence of Tibetan culture is based on Tibetan Buddhism, but of course we have different customs and traditions such as eating, clothing, livelihood, etc. which is completely different from China. Even China has a long history of Buddhist culture over 5,000 years. Unfortunately, when the Chinese Communist Party came into power, they considered religion a poison and they systematically destroyed Tibetan religion and culture. More than 6,000 monasteries were destroyed and 1.2 million Tibetans killed from 1959 to 1979, and still thousands of Tibetans are in prison and are suffering immensely every day inside Tibet.five


T here are numerous texts available in the human, managerial, or organizational decision-making areas that purport to depict how humans in general and managers in particular can and should make better decisions (e.g., Arkes & Hammond, 1986; Baron, 1994; Bazerman, 1998; Beach, 1993; Cooksey, 1996a; Goldstein & Hogarth, 1997; Goodwin & Wright, 1991; Harrison, 1995; Hogarth, 1987; Jennings & Wattam, 1998; Kahneman et al., 1982; Kleindorfer et al., 1993; Payne et al., 1993; Plous, 1993; Rowe & Boulgarides, 1992; Russo & Schoemaker, 1989; Shapira, 1997; Yates, 1990). However, a reasonable reading of any of these texts will tend to lead the typical reader to one or more of the following conclusions:


In low mountain‐range areas with complex topography, climate elements show a high variability caused by manifold interactions between relief and land use. The lack of continuous measurements demands concepts for the transfer of regional climatic information to smaller scales. In this study, a radiation model and a coupled vegetation atmosphere model using GIS were combined to estimate radiation balances, temperature and evapotranspiration as well as coupling and feedback mechanisms between vegetation and atmosphere of small‐scale heterogeneous areas.


In contrast to other European countries, Italy lacks a Civil Defense Organization. Air Rescue is a task for the Italian Air Force Search and Rescue (S.A.R.) organization. It may also draw, if necessary, on the cooperation of the other Armed Forces and State Corps, the Merchant Navy, civilian organizations, the Italian Red Cross (C.R.I.), and the Mountain Rescue Service of the Italian Alpine Club (C.A.I.). The S.A.R. units intervene at the request of civil, state, public and private, national and international organizations. The tasks currently performed by the S.A.R. in Italy include search and rescue of civilian and military air crews lost at sea or over land and of shipwrecked survivors; emergency transport of doctors and supplies to the seriously sick or injured patients from ships at sea; inaccessible localities, earthquakes, floods, and other disasters.


It is known that postoperative complication ratios at severely malnourished patients were higher than nonseverely malnourished patients according to the data in literature reviews. The goal of this prospective study is to investigate the effects of per ioperative nutritional support on postoperative morbidity and mortality in severely malnourished gastrointestinal tract cancer patients. Seventyone patients with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract cancer were included in this study. Subjective Global Assessment index was applied for patients' nutritional state. The patients were divided into two groups, severely malnourished (Group 1) and nonseverely malnourished (Group 2: well-nourished and mildly malnourished). The daily energy requirement of 36 patients in Group 1 was calculated and total parenteral nutrition was applied 30-35 kcal/kg/day by average for preoperative 7 days and postoperative 3 days to these 36 patients. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition was not given to 35 patients in Group 2. Patient morbidity and mortality was followed during the hospitalization period. Total morbidity was defined as; major complications, minor complications and complications related to total parenteral nutrition. Major complications occurred in 7 patients (19.41%) in Group 1 and 6 patients (17.11%) in Group 2 (p=0.80). Total morbidity was in 16 patients (44.40%) in Group 1, and 17 patients (48.57%) in Group 2 (p=0.727). Mortality was seen as one patients in each group postoperatively. In this study, it was concluded that morbidity and mortality ratio of severely malnourished patients can be decreased to the morbidity and mortality ratio of nonseverely malnourished patients with perioperative nutrition.


A research to study the effects of Zeolite and nitrogen fertilizer application on vegetative growth of maize crop in coastal sandy soil was conducted on the research field of Agriculture Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta at Tamantirto, Bantul District of Yogyakarta during October until February, 2003. This research was aimed on the study of Zeolite application in order to enhance the nitrogen uptake in the coastal sandy soil, and its effects on vegetative growth of CP I variety of maize. The pot experiment was arranged in 7 x 3 factorial completely randomized design, with 4 replications. The first factor was Zeolite dosage consisted of 7 levels, i.e:  0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 %; and the second one was 3 levels nitrogen fertilizer dosage which consisted of: 75, 110, and 145 kg/ ha. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied on the medium mixed with Zeolite granules. Observations on plant height, stem diemeter, leaves number, plant fresh and dry weight were done during the vegetative growth of maize. The results showed that Zeolite application significantly enhanced the vegetative growth of CPI maize. The 5,2  - 5,6  % Zeolite was optimum to gave the maximum growth of maize crop. Nitrogen fertilizer application was also significantly increased the plant height and biomass weight, and the 145 kg/ha was the optimum dosage. There was no interaction between Zeolite and nitrogen fertilizer application in order to affected the maize growth.


PURPOSE: To enable to perform effectively the hemostasis of an opening of tissue, by making it possible to form a row of staples so that the row may extend by passing through the tissue and absorbable gauze materials, and enabling by the gauze materials to distribute the pressure uniformly along the row of staples. CONSTITUTION: The staple device 10 consists of an upper jaw 20, injection tool 30, lower jaw 40 and a staple-cartridge 50 accommodated in the lower jaw 40. The injection tool 30 is activated by operating an injection knob 42, and by operating an injection wedge 32 through the cartridge 50, the staples in the front of the cartridge 50 are injected. In this case, strips 52 of a gauze material are arranged releaseable by cutting from the cartridge 50 so that the strips may remain on the back of the staples together with them after the removal of the staple device from the staple position. This fixation of the strips 52 is carried out by such method as supersonic welding or adhesive bonding with a great number of intervals.


Preface Introduction Aristotle and Contemporary Theories of Mind The Separability of Nous and Cognitivist Functionalism The Similarities between Novc and Sense The Relationship of Sense Powers to Their Organs The Difference between Aisthesis and Nous Bibliography Index


After fixing the acromioclavicular joint using the Wolter clavicular plate (W. C. plate), the rotation center of this joint moves posterior to the original location. We hypothesised that this method may produce limited range of motion of the shoulder joint, elevation, internal rotation and external rotation when the arm is at the side, internal rotation and external rotation when the arm is in 90 degrees abducted position.(Patients and Methods)Using the W. C. plate, we operated on four patients having stage III acromioclavicular dislocation. Patients included three men and one woman, with an average age of 37 years old. At three months after surgery the range of motion of the shoulder joint in elevation, external and internal rotation were assessed. The gleno-humeral joint motion in the scapular plane was measured on conventional X-ray films taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 degrees in an elevated position.(Results)The range of motion of the operated side were restricted compared to the unaffected side. Mean elevation angle was 125 degrees on the operated side, but there was no significant difference between the operated side and the unaffected side with respect to the gleno-humeral rhythm from 0 to 120 degrees in the scapular plane during W. C. plate fixation. We concluded that the W. C. plate did not disturb the gleno-humeral rhythm and the range of motion of the shoulder under 120 degrees elevation in the scapular plane.From these results, we concluded that we should never prescribe a rehabilitation program over 120 degrees elevation for patients during W. C. plate fixation.


There exist serious issues on the poor adhesion and residual stress of plastics on the steel pipe lined with plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which cause the interface delamination and crack of plastics. In order to prevent the failure during lining, the optimum lining conditions such as temperature pattern and the length of plastic pipe are not determined by the theoretical analysis but by trial and error because of the following reasons: As a plastic pipe is longitudinally stretched in advance, it has the strong anisotropy that it shrinks in the longitudinal direction and expands in the circumferential direction while sliding and adhesion of plastics at the contact point with steel during lining. Moreover, plastics are usually a viscoelastic material; the dynamic behavior is remarkably dependent on temperature and time. In this work, the authors have tried to analyze the deformation behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lining a steel pipe during lining...


Abstract Solid state chemical reactivity in L. P. films is used to insert inorganic or organic species in a layered organic matrix giving rise to organized insertion compounds with novel physico-chemical properties.


In September 2016 the Law Commission presented to Parliament its Report on Bills of Sale, 1 which concluded a two-year examination of the Bills of Sale Act 1878 and the Bills of Sale Act 1878 (Amendment) Act 1882. It recommended that the Acts should be abolished and replaced with alternative legislation. This note considers the key aspects of the proposed reform. The Bills of Sale Acts govern documentary transfers of property in personal chattels from an individual (A) to another person (B) where A is to remain in possession of the goods and B is vested with a power to seize them. 2 The Acts prescribe the form of the documents and impose a requirement of their registration at the High Court. By virtue of insolvency legislation, the registration requirement was extended to general assignments


Spotting an object of a chosen colour, skin for example, in an image taken under uncontrolled lighting conditions requires some form of preprocessing to convert the image colours to an illumination-independent specification. Computational colour constancy algorithms are designed specifically to accomplish this task. We process images with different colour constancy algorithms and evaluate the results in terms of the resulting accuracy of object colour spotting. Since spotting a colour depends on the threshold used to define the colour, ROC analysis is used in evaluating the results. The experiments help to evaluate the performance of the colour constancy algorithms and to predict what can be expected in terms of being able to find particular colours in a cluttered environment.


PURPOSE: A method for performing at least one work in an image forming device and an image forming device and a host device performing the same are provided to conveniently perform a work by using the work form corresponding to user identification information. CONSTITUTION: A storing unit(230) stores identification information of users and work forms corresponding to the identification information. A communication interface(210) receives identification information of a user performing the work and transmits a work form stored by corresponding to the received identification information. A control unit(220) performs a work according to a workflow defined in a selected work form by the user among the transmitted work form. A work executing unit(260) performs work according to the control in a working target document.


Observation of the boundary layer is important to examine phenomena of boiling when a non uniform electric field is applied. Accordingly, temperature changes near the boundary layer were observed by the Schlieren method using a nickel-chrome fine wire as the heater and a rod as the electrode to which alternate current up to 1000 volts was applied. The result shows that the temperature boundary layer is disturbed by the electric field and the stronger the turbulence, the higher the applied electric field. The bubbles generated on the heater are released through the boundary layer and expand outside of the boundary layer. The turbulence in the boundary layer was observed as stripes arranged relatively regularly. The interval of the stripes in the temperature boundary layer decreased as the applied electric field increased.


The MgO thin films were deposited on various magnetic layers at room temperature by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and surface morphology of the MgO films were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that bottom ferromagnetic layer and the MgO thickness are essential factors affecting the quality of the MgO layer. The surface roughness increases with the thickness of the MgO layer. Highly (0 0 1) oriented MgO crystalline films were grown on CoFeB and CoFeC underlayers. On the contrary, the crystallinity of the MgO layer is relatively poor and it shows a wavy interface as the MgO layer was deposited on the Co underlayer. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 68.37.Lp; 68.35.Ct; 73.40.GK


3. Lighting and EMFs; Bulbs, incandescent, energy-saving, fluorescent, halogen, full-spectrum light, daylight, light emitting diode (LED); anglepoise lamps and other metal framed lamps, halogen desk lamps, bedside/bedhead lights, spotlights, standard lamps and table lamps, nightlights; light wiring; light switches, dimmer switches; Physiological effects of blue and red lights; circadian rhythms, melatonin, light and illness, timing of blue lights, timing of red/amber lights


The Internet of Things (IOT) is the arrangement of physical articles or "things" introduced with equipment, programming, sensors, and framework accessibility, which enables these things to accumulate and exchange data. Here outlining security convention for the Internet of Things, and execution of this relating security convention on the inserted gadgets. This convention will cover the honesty of messages and verification of every customer by giving a productive confirmation component. By this venture the protected correspondence is executed on implanted gadgets. Keywords-Security; SSL; SN; IOT.


In this document, we include supplementary materials for ProVico. We first describe methodological details on ProViCo (Sec. A, Sec. B) and provide implementation details (Sec. C) for downstream tasks. The additional experimental results (Sec. D), including ablation studies and qualitative results, are also presented to complement the main paper. Finally, observations and intuitive analyses to leverage the uncertainty for the future work are introduced in Sec. E. For all experiments in this document, we use R(2+1)D [12] as the backbone network.


Single gene index method and complex pollution indices method are used in this paper to evaluate the actuality of the water pollution in the watershed of the Futuan river.Then a scheme of industry make up adjustment are proposed by multi-target plan method,and a series of measures and proposals about the comprehensive harnessing are put forward. It provides a trajectory and method for the study of water environmental protection and economic development in this area.


This investigation was conducted on rice seedlings to elucidate the plant growth-regulating properties of nicotinamide which was isolated from rice hulls. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Effects of nicotinamide on growth of rice seedlings, ability of preventing chlorophyll degradation in leaf tissue of rice plant and germination ability were greater than those of nicotinic acid. 2. The root growth of rice was promoted by seed soaking treatment with nicotinamide. 3. The top and root growth of rice were accelerated by pre-transplanting root soaking treatment with nicotinamide, and the root fresh weight was increased remarkably. 4. Soil treatment with nicotinamide and nicotinamide with hydroxy isoxazole immediately after sowing of rice seeds in the seedling beds markedly enhanced the rooting ability and root activity (oxidizing or reducing activity of roots) and the increasing rates of geotropic curvature response of rice seedlings. 5. The growth promoting activity with nicotinamide was particularly shown after the fifth leaf position of rice.


This study is aimed find out significant difference of natural science learning outcomes of students who follow peer tutor and do not follow peer tutor. This study is quasi experimental study especially non-equivalent post tes only kontrol groip design. The population of this study was the entire of IV grade students in Gugus II Santalia Kubutambahan District. The sample was determined by using random sampling technique. The sample was IV grade students if SDN 2 Kubutambahan was chosen as experimental group and class IV SDN 4 Kubutambahan as control group. The data was teken by using multiple choice test. The data obtained were analized by using descriptive statistical analysis and inrerential statistic t-test with the formula of polled variance. The results showed the lessons with peer tutor and the group of students who do not follow peer tutor. the findings are peer tutor makes the students motivated, trained, and active to espress their option. furthermore, peer tutor provides an opportunity for the students to exchange ideas, and their work together. in addition, learning with peer titor becomes fluent communicating


In the mid-1960s, the Labour government established a Commission to devise the best way of integrating Britain's elite independent schools with the state-financed school system. Despite—and because of—the left's scepticism of private education, the Commission faced enormous obstacles and their solution of state-subsidised boarding places was seen as unworkable, unaffordable and unpopular. Government papers help to explain the various reasons why the Commission's proposals were not implemented: in particular, the public schools were regarded as a low spending priority. The lack of reform is key to understanding the continuing importance of independent schools in the UK.


We studied thecharacteristics ofa shared- distribution fuelcell systemthatsupplied acommunity center andseveral houses. Thesystem wasconfirmed tobeeffective. Comparedtocosts estimated before theproposed system was installed, this isprojected tobecomeeconomically viable after 9 years withlowCO2fromthefirst year. I. INTRODUCTION Global environmental concerns suchasglobal warming andairpollution areserious. Ofparticular concern isthe increase inCO2emissions that hasoccurred inresponse to ourdependence onfossil fuels andwhichisconsidered tobe themajorcauseofglobal warming. Consequently, inan attempt to alleviate thisenvironmental burden, the development ofdistributed powersupply systems that employ fuel cell technology inconjunction withvariety fuels isexpected; because cogeneration ispossible, thefuel cells candecrease theamountofCO2emitted. However, given that fuelcells areexpensive atpresent, thegenerating costs of powerplant employing fuel cell technology wouldbehigher thanthatofexisting powerplants. Inresponse tothese prohibitive costs, itisproposed that moreeffective utilization isapplied touseoffuel cells isimplemented toincrease their popularity andthusdecrease their cost. We propose ashared distribution fuel cells system that supplies different electricity


The island of Serifos is situated about 100 km SSE of Athens in the Aegean Sea and belongs to the Attic-Cycladic massif. The geology of Serifos is largely characterized by a shallow hornblendebiotite granodiorite pluton that intruded in the late Miocene into a previously deformed (under blueschist conditions) sequence mainly consisting of orthoand paragneisses, calc-silicate marbles, amphibolites and schists. The pluton has a dome-shaped body occupying the central and southern parts of the island (Salemink 1985). The Serifos MCC is the very western continuation of a zone of synto post tectonic intrusions younging from the East (Naxos, Paros ∼12Ma) to the West (Serifos 9– 8 Ma). Whereas the older intrusions in the East show a top to the North geometry, the Serifos MCC has developed a South-directed low-angle detachment fault. The northern contact of the Serifos pluton is intrusive. In the SE, towards structurally higher levels, a core becomes foliated with increasing intensity and, under greenschist facies conditions, transformed into S-dipping low temperature mylonitic to ultramylonitic rocks with abundant SSW-directed kinematic


A six-axis force sensor is described, which has three pairs of elastic elements aligning on three axes which are orthogonal and cross at the center of the sensor. This orthogonal structure is called a three-dimensional cross-shape structure. Each elastic element consists of a pair of thin parallel plates which form the parallel plate structure. From the outputs of strain gauges placed on the elastic elements, the six force components are obtained. The whole characteristic of the sensor is obtainable just by analyzing the force-strain relation of a pair of elastic elements on an axis, making it simpler to design a sensor for a given specification. The cross-coupling between the strain gauge outputs and the six force components can be made small. A prototype sensor has been fabricated and it has been shown that the measured characteristic coincides with the analyses based on beam theory, the cross-coupling is rather small, and the force-strain characteristics in all force directions are uniform.<<ETX>>


The present work extends the computational capabilities of semi-implicit finite volume (FV) non-oscillatory forward-in-time (NFT) solvers for simulating a range of stratified flows past blunt bodies.The numerical model is based on the Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) and employs a non-symmetric Krylov-subspace elliptic solver.A parallel version of the scheme working on fully unstructured meshes has been developed that enables numerical studies of stably stratified flows past isolated and closely positioned objects, exploiting the flexibility and adaptivity attributes of the employed meshes.Flow structures induced in flows past spheres and hills are discussed especially for strong stratification, with computations of flows past a single sphere providing qualitative and quantitative means for validating the numerical approximations.Investigations of flows past two spheres reveal a range of flow patterns also induced in flows past hills, illustrating the unstructured mesh NFT-FV scheme's potential for simulations of atmospheric flows.Developments in elliptic solver preconditioning techniques and immersed boundary method applied to the NFT-FV scheme are documented for strongly stratified flows past hills.In particular, simulations of orographic flows with critical layers are a computationally demanding benchmark where computations' accuracy improves by applying tailored preconditioning techniques.Furthermore, the benchmark of strongly stratified flow past an isolated hill is introduced to provide a validation of the immersed boundary method implementation which opens new perspectives for applications of the unstructured-mesh NFT-FV scheme.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
This research paper concentrates on boosting the effectiveness of design thinking methods with the introduction of a properly structured gamification process. Based on three company case studies, gamification added value by openly allowing all workshop participants to express their creative ideas free from hierarchical barriers. The clarity of the gamification process can be further value-optimized by enveloping workshops in emotionally exciting language that catalyzes the sense of togetherness that the goal-centric planning and action-based exercises foster. Work may be necessary to dissolve traditional managerial attitudes regarding the compatibility of play and work to fully leverage the engaging benefits of gamification.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


Classic results in game theory state that private information is a cause for a negotiation to end with suboptimal outcome. Subsequently, private information is a compelling explanation for the frequent occurrence of negotiation breakdowns or costly delays. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for improving efficiency of negotiation outcome for multilateral negotiations with incomplete information (i.e., negotiators holding private information). This objective is achieved by introducing biased distribution of the resulting surplus created by the negotiators' joint offers to prevent negotiators from misrepresenting their valuations of the negotiation outcomes. Our mechanism is based on rewarding concession-making agents with larger shares of the obtainable surplus. We show that the probabilities that the agents with private information make concession are accordingly increased. This allows for better efficiency to be achieved. c © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of KES International.


With the deepening of international production segmentation and the fast development of outsourcing of manufacturing industry,the undertaking of outsourcing production has become one of the main means to participate in the international production and merge into global production network by Chinese manufacturing enterprises.Outsourcing undertaking in the manufacturing industry provides an important platform and promotion mechanism for the enhancement of enterprises' self-motivated innovation abilities.Based on the self-improvement,promotion derived from subcontracting activities,the outsourcing's promotion to enterprises' or industrial learning abilities can be magnified by industrial clusters,knowledge spillover and diffusion,and policy supports.Because of the limitation of promotion driven by subcontracting,it can be a good choice for Chinese manufacturing industry to follow a self-motivated innovation pattern driven by subcontracting.


In the 1960s, many generator manufacturers began providing large scale brushless rotating exciters for use on a variety of turbine generator applications. The brushless exciters became increasingly popular in the 1970s through the present. Prior to brushless excited generators, rotating exciters were all rotating brush type which required brushes and commutators to rectify the voltage from ac to dc. Slip rings then apply the rectified dc voltage to the main field of the generator via the brushes, springs and holders. Today, in some applications, the brushless rotating exciter is being removed and a static exciter installed because of issues with the brushless exciter. This paper will discuss the retrofit process of a brushless rotating exciter to a static exciter main field system.


In an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of any zero of a real-valued bounded continuous atomic wavefunction, the wavefunction has both signs.


The impact-resistant performance of steel-reinforced concrete beams with a rigid-flexible composite structure was analyzed based on our earlier research outcomes. The focus was to disscuss the influence of constraint forms on the crashworthy performance of reinforced concrete beams with composite laminates. In the process of numerical simulation,the observed beam with four different measures incluing the unprotected,the rigid protective,the flexible protective and the proposed one was considered separately.Meanwhile,three considered constraint forms of the beam ends were as follows: fixed at both ends; hingled at both ends; fixed at one end and hingled at the other end. Protective effects of the different measures were compared and analyzed by observing the strain,the displacement,the acceleration and the impact force of the target beam. Numerical results show that,under the same impact conditions the composite system can obtain the optimal protective effect,but constraint forms may have significant impact on suppression of the dynamic response of the beam. Especially,for the beam fixed at both ends the best protective effect may be obtained.


This invention relates to an aphototropism mode set and LCD apparatus, wherein, the set comprises at least one light source and a light conductive plate. The light conductive plate comprises a light-out surface, a base surface relevant to the light-out surface, multiple side surfaces connected with the light-out surface and base surface and multiple diffusion units with same size located one the base surface. And at least one side surface is light-in surface and the light source is located on one side of the light-in surface. The distance between adjacent diffusion units is at function relationship with a variable, which is the reciprocal to the distance between the diffusion unit and light source and light source on the light-in surface area. The set in this invention is of high light uniformity and of high display property by adopting the LCD apparatus of the ahototropism mode set.


In the context of the aging of the population, the city as one of the long-term care insurance pilot cities, has been active in the process of promoting the practice and development of long-term care insurance system. At present, the degree of anqing city long-term care insurance system in the process of pursuing the deficiencies and defects. Should be in the range of the province actively promote long-term care insurance system and refine the system object, establish directional nursing talents training mechanism, as well as the perfect integration of prevention, rehabilitation and nursing cohesive mechanism.


In 2007 year,in Liaoning Province the general investigation of road conditions of average highways on state and provincial arteries has been carried out applying GPS technique for vehicle load.General investigation of 9 national roads and 43 provincial roads over whole province have been completed.Aiming at RTK data corrected for investigation of fieldwork,the fitting program of calculation for highway route was developed.Practice proves the computational accuracy satisfies technical requirements.Applying the GPS technique for vehicle load has gained better economic benefits.


The context is the largest communicative unit in translation,and the success of translation depends on the achievement of the communicative function of text.An efficient combination of text analysis and translation study enables translation thinking to be carried out well beyond the limitation of word,sentence and even paragraph concepts.In the seven principles of text,cohesion and coherence are most influential upon translation.Amplification,among many translation strategies,plays a great role in achieving cohesion and coherence in translation.The application of text analysis and amplification to prose translation studies will help the realization of equivalence at textual level and the close communicative effect.


Copy number variation (CNV) has been reported to be associated with chemotherapy response, which affects disease prognosis. Here, we determined the frequency of genome‐wide cytogenetic CNV aberrations in Korean patients with normal karyotype (NK) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and tested whether these genomic variations contribute to differences in Ara‐C and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy responses. Bone marrow aspirates and blood from 30 previously untreated de novo NK‐AML patients were provided at the time of diagnosis for copy number analysis. Possible associations between cytogenetic aberrations and clinical parameters were analysed. CNVs were identified in 23 (76.7%) of the 30 cases tested. Multivariate analyses controlled for other clinical co‐variates showed that patients having copy number loss had a decreased probability of complete remission (OR, 0.015 [95% CI, 0–0.737], p = 0.035). Patients who had a copy number gain of more than four regions tended to have shorter event‐free survival (EFS) (p = 0.083) with multivariate analysis showing that CNV increase is an independent predictive factor for shorter EFS (HR, 22.104 [95% CI, 1.644–297.157], p = 0.020). In addition, we identified candidate genes that may be involved in Ara‐C and anthracycline drug response in Korean patients with NK‐AML. These results suggest that CNVs may affect the success of Ara‐C and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy in Korean patients with NK‐AML.


University technology start-up companies have the advantage of kick-starting their business with valuable intellectual property assets, a privilege very few start-ups have. In all other aspects, university start-ups are faced with the same challenges any start-up would have, and probably have the additional disadvantage that very few professors are born business experts. It is important for any start-up to have at least two essential strategies in its management portfolio: (1) a risk management plan that considers scenarios of liability, both financial and potential legal consequences for the business, especially in the early stages, and (2) an IP strategy ensuring ownership, proper exploitation and management of the valuable assets, whether they are trade secrets, know-how, copyright or any of the registered IP rights. Introduction Technology transfer is the process whereby innovation and research from an organization are developed into potentially patentable and licensable products or services for the marketplace, either through licensing to an industry partner or through a start-up company. The scope of this article is the technology transfer out of universities. There the aim of technology transfer is dual: assisting with funding of the next generation of research and innovation, and/or spinning out and growing a start-up into a successful business. As most university inventions are very early stage and require a lot of further research and development, the university technology transfer model is based on identifying a willing, although often not the most suitable, commercial partner as licensee or as an equity investor partner in a university start-up. The licensing model is based on the requirement that the licensee must make significant investments such as time, effort and money to commercialize the technology, product or service. Licensees are often required to carry cost for prosecuting and maintaining the underlying patent portfolio, while ownership often remains with the university licensor. A license would typically include certain milestones that are to be met over a defined period of time, which could entail investment support such as further research product development funding, manpower and funding for technical trials required for regulatory approvals, or sales and marketing support. Generally, universities attract high-achieving students with multidisciplinary backgrounds, providing a well-rounded team of individuals for early stage start-ups. The challenge in the case of a university start-up, despite entrepreneurship programs and ample government grant funding, is that most university researchers do not understand what running a business entails and consequently fail to make a sustainable impact with their ideas in the market. Mobilizing start-up initiatives that achieve measurable success is not always an easy task. Business and IP strategy, as well as related development plans, evolve and change over time as the company grows. Challenges facing start-ups include lack of manpower, lack of skills, high technology development requirements, lack of adequate IP protection, lack of market potential and funding needs. What remains unique and special about university technologies is that the innovation ranges from life-saving medical devices to new, ground-breaking AI-powered analyzers and sensors, a range that provides attractive opportunities for venture capitalists who seek to invest in new sources of value and profit. The IP Strategy Model A university start-up is formed when the researcher-founders spin out a company based on some form of research that appears to have business potential. A university start-up has the advantage that it generally has access to an IP base, as most university technologies with commercial potential get protected by intellectual property rights such as patents, utility models, plant breeder's rights, copyright, design rights, trademarks and know-how. Intellectual property rights are valuable assets, and in the case of a university start-up, often the only assets a start-up has access to. Patents are oftentimes the most expensive registered intellectual property right to obtain, but they provide the best scope of protection for university IP, as it secures the right for a proprietor to exclude competitors from making, using, selling or even offering a patented invention. Having an IP portfolio can drive consumer demand and/or distinguish one's product or service from that of competitors. An IP portfolio can The Virtual Reality And Hard Data Of Successful University Start-Ups That May Succeed...Or Not! By Madelein M. Kleyn ■ Madelein M. Kleyn,


The course addresses issues of teaching and learning in an online environment including interaction (with faculty, materials, and peers) and learning styles, instructional strategies, and methodologies for teaching particular levels of objectives and different domains. The course also lets them experience the feel of learning online: the connected-ness that can develop from good interaction. Follow on focus workshops address additional issues associated with learning/cognitive styles and online evaluation. As faculty members begin to develop online course materials , they use a rubric to complete a self-assessment of their materials. The rubric guides them through an evaluation of their materials as well as the style in which they will present the materials and interaction during their teaching. The training and rubric help faculty match presentation of the materials that they develop with their preferred interaction or presentation style taking into consideration student learning styles. Presentation style and course materials are tested at three levels: first, the materials are used to augment the traditional classroom. As material IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII design and presentation are honed, the faculty move to what we refer to as a reduced seat time course (traditional seat time is traded for web-based learning experiences). Given that the materials and presentation meet the Best Practices in Distance Learning standards set forth by the University of Texas System, including the application of sound online pedagogic practices , the course is taught completely in a web-based environment. Just as with other courses and programs on campus, various factors are tracked to evaluate a course or program including short-term and long-term outcomes (retention and satisfactory completion, performance in subsequent courses and job placement). Students teaching evaluations are conducted using a standard University form. However, we also complete student opinion surveys for all courses using the course management system. The complete complement of mechanisms provides responses for continued improvement of the course materials and delivery. Last, but not least, student services are a critical component in the delivery of a quality distance learning program. The Center for Distance Learning and Teaching Excellence provides online and dial-in helpdesk facilities for students. Students have access to library resources via a proxy server and assistance from a designated online librarian. The University has leveraged consortia relationships with the University of Texas System and a consortium of Hispanic-serving institutions (the Hispanic Educational Telecommunications System: HETS) to provide a broader range of web based information and library resources, homework assistance, …


Based on a reference of more than thousand papers and several ten books about oasis research in China, in this paper, the achievements in scientific research on the types, formation mechanism, themporal and spatial evolution, exploitation and construction of oases are reviewed comprehensively.


This paper reports on the degree of accuracy of determinations of hearing threshold in the 0.5 to 18 kHz range. As far as possible, these hearing thresholds were compared with those of ISO 389. Furthermore, the study compared determinations of hearing thresholds measured on different days. Reproducibility was very good, particularly of the high-frequency thresholds. The two types of sound transducers used here (a quasi-free field system developed by the authors and a pair of professional headphones) showed an identical transmission of frequencies and good reproducibility of the results of measurements.


The Yellow River Delta is one of the biggest river deltas in China, and the shallow groundwater plays an important role in the development of the local agriculture and ecosystem. However, people are still unclear about the hydrochemical characteristics and mechanisms of the shallow groundwater. In this study, the authors collected and analyzed 81 groundwater samples from the delta plain and piedmont alluvial plain, and explored the hydrochemical features and causes through Piper diagrams, correlation analysis, ionic ratios, and speciation calculations. The results showed that anions were dominated by Cl and HCO3, the concentration of which was much more than that of SO4 and CO3. The groundwater can be divided into various types, including Na–Cl, Ca–Mg–HCO3, Na–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–Cl. This study tested an alternative method–ionic ratios based on the cumulative frequency distribution to characterizing the hydrochemical groups. According to different ion ratios and hydrogeological conditions, three hydrogeochemical zones with different dominant factors have been determined: Weathering—Fresh Water Zone (Zone I), Evaporation—Saline Water Zone (Zone II), and Seawater Mixing Zone (Zone III). As the calculated saturation index show, the calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the halite and gypsum from Zone I to Zone III tend to be saturated. In addition, cation exchange is an important hydrochemical process in the area, and Zone III experiences inverse ironic exchange. In conclusion, this hydrogeochemical zonation would be favorable for water resource management in the Yellow River Delta.


The wildfire prediction model is crucial for accurate rescue and rapid evacuation. Existing models mainly adopt regular grids or fire perimeters to describe the wildfire landscape. However, these models have difficulty in explicitly demonstrating the local spread details, especially in a complex landscape. In this paper, we propose a wildfire spread model with an irregular graph network (IGN). This model implemented an IGN generation algorithm to characterize the wildland landscape with a variable scale, adaptively encoding complex regions with dense nodes and simple regions with sparse nodes. Then, a deep learning-based spread model is designed to calculate the spread duration of each graph edge under variable environmental conditions. Comparative experiments between the IGN model and widely used fire simulation models were conducted on a real wildfire in Getty, California, USA. The results show that the IGN model can accurately and explicitly describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of the wildfire spread in a novel graph form while maintaining competitive simulation refinement and computational efficiency (Jaccard: 0.624, SM: 0.769, OA: 0.843).


Purpose. We examined to what extent physical disabilities (PD) affect self-perceived quality of life (QOL) among adolescents. Method. A survey was conducted on 157 adolescents (aged 15.6 ± 1.6 years) with PD, who were attending high schools in Taiwan; 855 students (15.3 ± 1.6 years) from the same geographic regions and without a disability were recruited as controls. The Student Version of the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale (COMQOL-S) was used to assess their subjective and objective well-being. Results. No significant differences in overall objective QOL score were found between the two groups but the PD group was poorer in health and material well-being. Adolescents with PD scored significantly higher in overall subjective QOL and all the seven domains examined. Stratified analysis showed that older students and female students with PD had lower life satisfaction in some domains. There were no significant differences in overall objective (62.1 ± 8.3 vs. 60.9 ± 6.4; p = 0.55) or subjective (72.3 ± 12.6 vs. 74.4 ± 13.6; p = 0.15) QOL between students in mainstream and special schools. Conclusions. With national health care and educational coverage, the QOL of adolescents with PD in Taiwan do not seem to be affected by the disabilities, regardless of whether they are in mainstream or special schools. However, the negative effect of PD on QOL becomes a concern with increasing age; females with PD also appear to have a lower subjective QOL in health and emotion.


3-Aminoacrylonitrile derivatives (1d–g) coupled with aromatic and heteroaromatic diazonium salts yielding arylhydrazonals and pyrazolo[5,1-c]triazines. The enaminonitriles 1d–g condensed to form dienes 6a–c on reflux in acetic acid. The latter underwent Diels-Alder type addition to naphthoquinone. Aminopyrazolopyrimidines were obtained from reaction of 1d–g with heteroaromatic aminoazoles. Enaminonitrile 1d formed pyran 21 with benzylidene malononitrile, and dihydropyrimidine 22 with benzaldehyde and urea.


In the Replireader system for identifying Enterobacteriaceae, plates of biochemical media are inoculated with a replicator and the results are put into a computer. The machine correctly identified 92x2% of 734 strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine; it was incorrect in 0x8% and failed to recognise 7%. The Replireader was also used to record the results of sensitivity tests using a plate dilution method in which the drugs were provided by impregnated filter papers (Adapads).


There is an increasing need to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD) in an early stage. Existing solutions mainly focused on traditional ways such as MRI, thus suffering from the ease-of-use issue. This work presents a new approach using video and skeleton-based techniques to solve this problem. In this paper, an end-to-end Parkinson's disease early diagnosis method based on graph convolution networks is proposed, which takes patients' skeletons sequence as input and returns the diagnosis result. The asymmetric dual-branch network architecture is designed to process global and local information separately and capture the subtle manifestation of PD. To train the network, we present the first Parkinson's disease gait dataset, PD-Walk. This dataset consists of 95 PD patients and 96 healthy people's walking videos. All the data are annotated by experienced doctors. Furthermore, we implement our method on portable equipment, which has been in operation in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Experiments show that our method can achieve 84.1% accuracy and achieve real-time performance on the equipment in the real environment. Compared with traditional solutions, the proposed method can detect suspicious PD symptoms quickly and conveniently. Integrated equipment can be easily placed in hospitals or nursing homes to provide services for elderly people.


REFERENCES Edmondson HA, Henderson B, Benton B: Liver-cell adenomas associated with use of oral contraceptives. N Engi J Med 294: 470-472, Feb 1976 Kim CM, Ruzicka FF, Goldfarb S: Scintigraphic, angiographic and histologic correlation in 5 cases of hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. J Nucl Med 17:560, Jun 1976 Myerson P, Prokop E, Sziklas JJ, et al: Scan findings in hepatic adenoma (focal nodular hyperplasia). Chin Nucl Med 1:108-112, Aug 1976


In an adaptive machine learning system, it is inevitable that the production rule (if-then rule) has a long if-part when input information is highly complex and requires an abundance of properties. In such an adaptive system, without using some method to look only at speci c positions and ignore others in the rule, adaption to external dynamical environment changes usually results in a very ine cient process. In order to avoid such a result and to systematize the method in terms of its knowledge structure, which is expressed as a rule, the authors present a computational model of what the authors call the Viewpoint-Forming Process. The key concept of this proposal, Viewpoint, contributes to focusing on adequate properties within input the information, by means of using an expressed knowledge, instead of the automatic focusing embedded in the adaptation process. A hierarchical classi er system is applied to facilitate the realization of the computational model called the Viewpoint-Forming Mechanism. A computer system is developed to evaluate the utility of the Viewpoint-Forming Mechanism, using a simple and easily understood pathnding problem as an example.


551 FIFTHAVENUE, SUITE 1210 (57) ABSTRACT NEW YORK, NY 10176 (US) A sensor arrangement for detecting an angle of rotation of a rotating body. At least one first sensor and one second sensor (21) Appl. No.: 11/887,802 are connected to one another in a cascade in Such a manner that the sensor signal from the first sensor is converted into a (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 6, 2006 first control current which is applied as a bias current to the second sensor, the two angular dependencies of the first and (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2006/OO2O38 second sensors being multiplied. This achieves improved interpolation when determining the angle of rotation on the S371 (c)(1), basis of the sensor signals provided by the sensor arrange (2), (4) Date: Oct. 1, 2007 ment.


The live recombinant avian vaccine comprising, as a vector, an avian herpes virus comprising at least one nucleotide sequence encoding and expressing an antigenic polypeptide of an avian pathogenic agent, inserted into the region between the ATG of the ORF UL55 and UL junction with the adjacent repeating region under the control of the CMV immediate early promoter. The vector is preferably selected from the group consisting of viruses of Marek's disease (MDV and HVT), Infectious laryngotracheitis ILTV and duck herpes. A multivalent vaccine formula comprises at least two vaccines of this type, with different inserted sequences.


Today, universities wish to be defined as motivators that work interactively with all parts of the society and that pioneer many social changes. Accordingly, universities are expected to determine and execute their education policies in an interactive network based on the needs of all segments of the society. In this context, it is necessity to discuss how universities deliver on their public purpose, and improve infrastructure for volunteer, civic engagement, and other forms of community engagement in and outside the classroom. This descriptive study focuses on the institution and practice of volunteering among students and staff in institutions of higher education. It aims to discover some of the effective management strategies to streamline volunteering efforts, especially the efforts that adopt a student-centered approach. The study also examines how volunteering opportunities are organized and funded within the university system and, how students are motivated and supervised for volunteering activities. The study uses current volunteering practices, which to be managed centrally by Center for Civic Engagement' at Oregon State University in USA as a "best practice" model to promote volunteering among students. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p103


lrl this ppu, WC drscrihc a IIPW trajectory correction techl>iqltc for higIl ew:rgy linear accelerators. CurrPnt> c-orrectioll techniques force the beam trajectory to follow misalignments of the Beam Pohitim hlonitors (BPMs). S. mcc the particle bunch has a fillit? e~lergy spread and particles with different energies arc deflcrtetl ?lifferent ly, this caIIsCs "chromatic" dilution of the traIlsverse bram emittance, The algoritl~m, which we describe in this paper, retiucrs the chroma.tic error by minimizing the encrg? d~p~~&mw of thr traj&ory. To test the method we compare t,he c-ff&iveIless of our algorithnl wit11 a st an(lard corrert,ion ttY,h. niqur it1 silnnIat.ioIls on a drsign lillac for a Next Linear Collidrt 1 Nl,(:/.' 'l'hc* silnulations indicate that. chromatic dilutiorl wodri i,r tj~~t~iIit,ating in a future linear collider because of t.hc VW> sr:1;*1! h-am siy(y rcyllirrd 1.0 al-hirve the! riecc:ssa.ry lilrninosity. 'I'tlrls, we frrl that this t,echniclue will prove rsselltial for future, iin<'iir (~ollidc7~.


The main issues of sudden cardiac death (SCD) epidemiology and risk stratification were considered. High efficacy SCD prevention with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators is shown. However they are rarely implemented in the real practice. That is why the main current approach to SCD prevention is pharmacotherapy. Overview of various drugs is given. The largest evidence base and proven efficacy have beta-blockers among all available drugs for SCD prevention.


The paper examines crowdfunding, crowdinvesting as modern forms of investing in various projects in the context of the emergence of the "fourth industrial revolution", taking into account the priorities of the international integration of the Russian Federation (BRICS, EAEU). The author assesses the traditional system of exercising the rights and legitimate interests of participants in modern forms of investment for compliance with new needs under the introduction of innovative management technologies. The gaps in the legal regulation of the institution of crowdfunding in Russia, including: legal uncertainty in the qualification of an agreement concluded on an investment platform; lack of fixed legal guarantees for participants in investment projects, etc., have been identified. Given the processes of transformation of public relations under Industry 4.0, the author identifies ways to eliminate gaps both in legal regulation and in theoretical and legal aspects. According to the author, such changes are intended to prevent violations of the rights of business entities in the context of Industry 4.0. and reflect the domestic legal policy in relation to alternative forms of financing innovative projects based on digital technologies by business entities of the countries participating in integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation.


Educational objectives are soul for any educational Programme and it is the prime pillar for sustainable socio-economic development. The holistic educa- tional objectives need to changes according to the social change. To achieve the holistic educational objectives the educational opportunities were decentral- ized; as a result, worldwide the rate of literates and the percentage of educated people are increased; especially in India was successfully achieved elementary, secondary, and higher education too. Further, the new education policy-2020 insisted to increase the enrolment ratio in higher education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. Along with the objectives of increasing the quantitative stu- dents' enrolment percentage in higher education, it is the need of the hour to insist on outcome-based education (OBE) for holistic development. Keeping these as a background the researcher intended to describe the OBE as a need of the hour.


There is a lot of places in Quito which are dedicated by the care of old people.
Nevertheless, Geriahome was born of growing demand, whereby is tried to introduce in
market a different service with lodging for the family of the old people at weekends or
holidays; in addition, permanent online monitoring by cameras. Economic studies of
investment for the implementations of the project is estimated on $825.871, with an initial
contribution of 20%; and financing of 80% by banking credit; with a profitability of 42%
evaluated to 10 years, which evidences that the project is viable.


This article offers a political economy account of labour migration of Adivasi workers from southern Rajasthan to growth centres in Gujarat. It unpacks the structural forces that shape this labour mobility, which erupted only as recently as 30 years back. The article focuses on three industries that are key employers of migrant workers—construction, textile as well as small hotels and restaurants in the Gujarati cities of Ahmedabad and Surat. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this corridor by their social group. This is complemented by an extensive mapping of the informal practices that violate applicable legal provisions found in these industry segments. Through these, the article teases out the mechanisms by which the community undergoes what in Marxian terms are referred to as surplus extraction and super-exploitation. The article finds that Gujarat's economy utilizes the historically low socio-economic position of Adivasis for capitalist accumulation, such that the community's poverty and disadvantaged position is reproduced inter-generationally, instead of being interrupted by their employment in the growth centres of the state. JEL: O15, J61, N35


Full-duplex (FD) wireless communication is gaining increasing attention of the wireless industry because of the potential doubling of spectral efficiency. Radio design of an FD transceiver is a key aspect to its realization. The major impediment in realizing an FD radio is the self interference (SI). The received self interference is a filtered version of the transmitted signal, the filter (SI filter) being caused by the multiple transmit paths through the circuit board (or silicon substrate) and the wireless channel. Current techniques for suppressing SI rely on mimicking the SI filter partly in the RF domain (using multiple length RF traces on a PCB) and partly in the digital domain by adaptive techniques. This paper proposes a novel SI cancellation technique, based on Taylor series expansion of the delayed signal, that results in linearizing the delayed self-interference component of the transmitted signal. Linearization not only aids the practicality of analog cancellation by reducing the form factor, but also results in a simple SI filter model in the digital domain. In this paper, in addition to deriving the generic form of the SI filter, we provide experimental evidence for the same.


Abstract Microsomes isolated from excised shoots of grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor , (L.) Moench) seedlings arylhydroxylated bentazon herbicide and cinnamic acid to 6-hydroxybentazon and p -coumaric acid, respectively. Constitutive, unprotected bentazon 6-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.) activity was low but measurable, whereas, constitutive, unprotected cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (EC 220.127.116.11) activity was much greater and was easily measurable. Inclusion of the isolation medium additives (i.e., protectants) ascorbate (40 m M ), β-mercaptoethanol (14 m M ), and EDTA (10 m M ) increased bentazon 6-hydroxylase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activities to levels 11.6 and 1.7 times the control activities, respectively. Naphthalic anhydride seed treatment induced bentazon 6-hydroxylase activity to a level 1.9 to 8.0 times the control activity, depending on the sorghum variety, but did not significantly induce cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity in any variety. Isolation medium additives and naphthalic anhydride seed treatment independently enhanced bentazon 6-hydroxylase activity resulting in a combined increase in activity 21.3 times the control activity. Differential responses of bentazon 6-hydroxylase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase to isolation medium additives and naphthalic anhydride seed treatment suggest that bentazon and cinnamic acid are hydroxylated by different microsomal monooxygenases in sorghum.