Robert Crowley has received only minor mention in the history of English literature, chiefly for editing The Vision of Pierce Plowman, the first printed edition of the medieval satire. But his prolific career as a radical poet deserves closer attention. By turns a pamphleteer, stationer, poet, and clergyman, Crowley cultivated an audience in London's growing middle class and among pious aristocrats for his biblical poetry, theological tracts, anti-Roman Catholic polemics, and editions of Langland's riddling poem, which was written in the archaic dialect of the fourteenth-century midlands. Although he eventually became an adherent of the fledgling Puritan movement that emerged out of the Elizabethan vestiarian controversy, he refused to participate in the attack on poetry and fiction that was often associated with the Puritan faction. Despite his radical Protestant fervour, Crowley wrote as a medieval poet. But instead of simply restating Langland's medieval ideal of the Christian commonwealth, Crowley adapted that ideal to the religious, political, and economic crisis of Edward VI's reign (i547-53). Contrary to our stereotyped view of sixteenth-century taste, Crowley's somewhat oldfashioned prophetic poems and satires were far more popular than the Petrarchan love songs of the courtier poets. Crowley typifies the popular native traditions of the middle sixteenth century, and the conventionality of his verse is valuable to the literary historian because it represents something close to a norm for Edwardian poetry, one of the lesser known areas of Renaissance literature. Crowley's poems provide a relatively objective standard for measuring the accomplishments of the truly major figures who flourished towards the end of the century. With enthusiasm and wit, Crowley turned out a body of verse that, for sheer bulk and variety, is extraordinary at a time when dully prolix theological tomes crowded the bookstalls surrounding St Paul's Cathedral. In An Apologiefor Poetrie (c. 1583), Sir Philip Sidney defined divine poetry as the highest kind of verse:


This paper presents a dynamic programming method for solving reactive power voltage control problem in a distributed network.The objective of this paper is properly to dispatch main transformer under load tap changer,substaion capacitor and feeder capacitors by using DP based forecast hourly loads of main transformer and each feeder section and primary bus voltage such that the total feeder loss can be minimized,voltage profile can be improved,and main transformer power factor is ad much as high.The constraimts that must be considered include maximum allowable number of switching operations in a day for under load tap changer and each capacitor,and the voltage limit on the feeder,and main transformer power factor is limited.To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach,reactive power/voltage control in the part system of a substation of Cangzhou power company is performed.


The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of water salinity on juvenile carp. It has been found out that the increase in salt concentration in the water up to a certain level causes some changes in lipid metabolism in the body of laboratory fish, leading to their emaciation and death.


Abstract Group-theoretical methods are used to induce "global" distortions of C 60 from basis function(s) of a single "local" distortion in two cases: (1) The 60 vibrational modes arising from radial displacements of carbon atoms are found in terms of basis functions of A′, the one-dimensional symmetric representation of Cs; (2) The 24 vibrational modes arising from tangential displacements of hypothetical atoms placed at pentagon centers are found in terms of basis functions of E 1, the vector irreducible representation of C5v . The induction process is simplified by an icon notation (v) or (vμ) which uniquely labels the operations in Ih if μ,v = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and under/over lining of a digit is included. These icons describe the transformations IUSvTSμ of Felix Kline referred to a five-fold z-axis and two-fold x-axis and serve to label and "distinguish" symmetrically equivalent points of the truncated icosahedron.


In this paper, a fully cellular neural networks (CNN) based fingerprint recognition system is introduced. The system includes a preprocessing phase where the input fingerprint image is enhanced and a recognition phase where the enhanced fingerprint image is matched with the fingerprints in the database. Both preprocessing and recognition phases are realized by means of CNN approaches. A novel application of skeletonization method is used to perform ridgeline thinning which improves the quality of the extracted lines for further processing, and hence increases the overall system performance.


A Wireless Networks are more accessible to different types of attack than wired Network. One such attack is Wormhole Attack, in which traffic is forwarded and replayed from one location to another through the Wormhole tunnel without negotiating any cryptographic techniques over the network. Thus, it is challenging to defend against this attack. In this paper we review WSN concept and Wormhole Attack. Then we discuss classification of wormhole Attack and also mention few of the initiatives to detect the Wormhole Attack.


Two scholarships of $2,500 each were awarded by pharmacy cricket to two outstanding pharmacy students, Callan Beesley and Sophie Williams, to help them further complete their studies to qualify as pharmacists. The pharmacy scholarships are all about contributing to the future of the profession in specialised pharmacist roles and improving rural healthcare.


In a nutshell This paper presents the European Commission's approach to sustainability in EU merger control and explains how the current legal framework and case practice can and do support the European Green Deal.


Multi-component white cast irons containing carbide-forming elements such as Cr , Mo , W and V have been widely popularized as ro11 materials for hot rolling mills because of their excellent performance. In this research , influence of C and Mo contents on mechanical properties , hot wear properties and their cor. relation were investigated using Fe-5%Cr-5%W -5%V -5%Co-Mo-C (mass%) cast a11oys. Cast irons with M 2 C eutectic carbides and martensitic matrix were obtained in a wide range of Mo contents above 2.5 mass%. Micro 一 hardnessin such martensitic matrices showed over 600 HV , and macro-hardness showed similar tendency to matrix hardness. Tensile strength , compressive 0.2% proof strength , and frac. ture toughness were found to be high in cast irons with high hardness , but they were decreased in cast irons with excessive carbide conten t. It was found that wear resistance was greater in cast irons with high Mo content which show high hardness and high fracture toughness.


In East Greenland between 75d and 76dN three different glacial episodes can be identified: (1) An early period with more or less total ice cover and in which the ice reached out onto the continental shelf - the Kap Mackenzie stadial; (2) a period with glaciation of intermediate extent, when nunataks and a few ice-free lowland areas existed - the Muschelbjerg stadial; and (3) a final period with glacial advance, when the glaciers were mainly restricted to fjords and larger valleys - the Nanok stadial. Each of these stadials was followed by a period with general deglaciation, from which marine shell-bearing sediments have been found; the Hochstetter Forland interstadial, the Peters Bugt interstadial and the Flandrian interglacial, respectively. The marine limit sank with each of these ice-free periods; probably an isostatic effect of the decreasing amplitude of the glacial advances. The deglaciation after the Nanok stadial began about 9500 B.P. It is not known for certain when this glacial advance started, but 13,000 B.P. or earlier is suggested. According to 14C datings the Peters Bugt interstadial dates from at least 45,000 B.P. and the Hochstetter Forland interstadial from at least 49,000 B.P. However, amino acid analyses indicate a distinct age difference between these two interstadial, and Th/U datings give age estimates of 70,000–115,000 B.P. for the Hochstetter Forland interstadial, which therefore seems to be of Early Weichselian age although a pre-Weichselian age cannot be excluded. The same applies to the preceding Kap Mackenzie stadial. The correspondence between the present glacial chronology and similar tripartite ones on Bafffin Island, Ellesmere Island and Svalbard seems reasonably good


The ricepaperplant pith is also known as Tetrapanax papyrine, Akebia, or tall gastrodia fruit, a kind of shrub or small tree of the Araliaceous. It is native to south China and Taiwan Prov., the raw material of rice paper. Extract its central tissue from the stem to make pith slices which could be made as the watercolor painting paper. It arose in Guangzhou in the 19th century, and the themes are mainly focused on reflecting the social life scenes as well as various characters in late Qing Dynasty, such as officials, soldiers, juggling, weaving, playing instrument, etc. The works are lively, vivid, and bright in colors. As the result of using western painting principles and reflecting Chinese local customs, rice paper watercolor paintings were admired by Westerners at that time. However, as pith paper is fragile, the size of painting was usually small and difficult to conserve, there are few works handed down in China. In recent years, the rice paper watercolor painting has attracted more and more concern, which is of great significance to the study of the development of early Western paintings in China.


Arguably intended as an alternative to sociology in Garfinkel's (1984) early formulations, EM later appears, more modestly perhaps, as an alternate analysis, one that is both incommensurable and asymmetrical with formal analysis (FA) (Garfinkel 2002). To say that EM and FA are alternate, rather than alternatives, might be taken to imply that the two may exist alongside each other without antagonism. Indeed, with a gestalt switch, one may see a social setting first through one lens and then the other. The two lenses are asymmetrical in the sense that EM's focus on the local production of order makes FA reports and procedures available for EM analysis in a way that EM reports and procedures are not available to FA. An FA account of the doings and products of ethnomethodologists might focus on the historic and societal origins of the practice, or offer models of EM practice, but these cannot be taken as critical of EM practices, as these practices are grounded in the setting under study, rather than any pre-conceived model. By contrast, EM reports of FA practices, while avowedly neither "correctives", or "supplements" (Garfinkel 1984) to FA, have often been read as such, due to their status as reports from inside the setting. But to what extent are the two incommensurable? Certainly, there is no simple correspondence between them. On the other hand, the very existence of the two forms of analysis and their availability as topics of inquiry in themselves, implies the possibility of translating between them. In order to explore the question further, this paper offers two alternate reports of negotiation from a meeting on a civil engineering project between a contractor and a consultancy representing the employer.


In marked contrast to the UK's declining liberal education rate for adult learners, Canada has seen a proliferation of programs offering liberal education for low-income, nontraditional adult learners. Designed to be deeply transformative, the programs, based on Earl Shorris's (1997) Clemente Course, offer marginalized people free access to university-level liberal arts courses. Programs address the significant power differential within society through liberal arts education that is connected with the privileged, instead of vocational training which is often viewed as the most appropriate route for disenfranchised adults to become legitimate citizens. While vocational training is important, as Shorris and early and present day thinkers in adult and higher education point out, by itself vocational training does not encourage learners to reach their full potential (Cunningham, 1993; Freire, 1970; Lindeman, 1961; Hutchins, 1953). Rather, the liberal arts offer students the reflective space necessary to become fully engaged citizens.


This research work was carried out to understand how dexmedetomidine (Dex) administration caused changes in hemodynamics [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)] and cerebral state index (CSI) in aged patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) surgery and general anesthesia. Sixty (60) years aged patients undergoing total hip replacement THR surgery and general anesthesia were recruited and randomly assigned into observation group and control group. The 30 patients in the observation group were given intravenous 0.3 µg/kg Dex through an implanted minipump, and the control group patients were given saline. The hemodynamics including SBP, DBP and HR, as well as, CSI were recorded at the start of the surgery (T0), start of the drug administration (T1), 10 min with drug (T2), skin incision (T3), 30 min after skin incision (T4), extubation (T5), and 30 min after extubation (T6). The wakening time, extubation time, and vigilance/ sedation (OAA/S) score 30 min after surgery were also recorded. In both groups, the SBP, DBP, and HR decreased at T2 and began to increase at T5, with significant differences from T0 (P<0.05). In the observation group, the SBP, DBP, and HR showed lower values at T5 and T6 in comparison to the control group (P<0.05); in both groups the CSI decreased at T2 and began to increase at T5, with significant differences from T0 (P<0.05). In observation group, the CSI showed lower values at T5 and T6 in comparison to the control group (P<0.05); additionally, the observation group showed decreased extubation time and wakening time as well as a higher vigilance/sedation (OAA/S) score in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). The Dex administration stabilizes hemodynamics (SBP, DBP, and HR) and decreases CSI in aged patients undergoing THR surgery and general anesthesia. This also reduces the extubation time and wakening time after surgery.


A 6-year-old boy presented with a 6-day history of fever reaching 39 ° C, associated with lethargy, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. He developed a rash, increasing over 3 days prior to admission. It was a maculopapular, erythematous rash that developed around the groin and spread to the rest of the body. He also developed red lips, tongue and conjunctivitis one day before referral by his General Practitioner. The conjunctivitis was non-exudative. On the day of admission there was peeling of his feet and palms. There was no significant past medical history. On examination he was miserable and febrile. The chest was clear and his pulse was 130/min. He had normal heart sounds and no murmurs. A soft liver edge was palpable 2 cm below the costal margin. There were multiple small axillary and cervical lymph nodes palpable. On investigation he had a haemoglobin of 125 g/L, white cell count of 14.8 × 10 9 /L and platelet of 301 × 10 9 /L. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 61 mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP) 72.8 mg/L (normal < 8). Liver function tests were normal. A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made and he was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 2 g/kg and oral aspirin 5 mg/kg per day. Intravenous (IV) penicillin was also started to treat possible Group A Streptococcus infection. His symptoms improved after the IVIG. The next morning he was less irritable, his tongue was less red, but the rash remained. He continued to be febrile over the next few days. On day 4 of admission his temperature continued to spike to 39 ° C. He was alert and active but had a poor appetite. The rash, lymphadenopathy and conjunctivitis were improving. His mucous membranes were normal. A second dose of IVIG (2 g/kg) was administered. Urine and blood cultures were negative. Serum ASOT and AntiDNase B titer were not elevated. An echocardiogram showed minimal dilatation of the left coronary artery. Over the next 2 days he looked well but continued to have a low grade fever with occasional spikes up to 40.5 ° C. On day 7 a repeat echocardiogram showed generalized dilatation of both coronary systems to a diameter of 4 mm (normal 2 mm), but definite aneurysms were not detected. Aspirin was increased to 80 mg/kg per day divided into four doses. The white cell count was noted to increase to 18.3 × 10 9 /L. On the 8th day of admission a decision was made to give IV methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) over 4–6 h. A second dose of methylprednisolone was administered 24 h after the first. On day 10 his temperature remained normal and he looked well. The aspirin dose was decreased to 5 mg/kg per day. An echocardiogram on day 11 showed moderate dilatation of the coronary artery with abnormality in the movement of the ventricular septum. His ESR had increased to 118 mm/h and platelets to 785 × 10 9 /L. Spiking fevers returned on day 12 and the patient was noted to be irritable. His examination was normal except for the fever. Aspirin was increased back to 80 mg/kg per day divided into four doses and he was given a third dose of methylprednisolone. His temperature returned to normal and remained so for the next 3 days (Fig. 1). He was however, still irritable and lethargic. No change on echocardiogram was noted. On day 15 he was given a 3rd dose of IVIG (1 g/kg). He was discharged the next day on high dose aspirin. He was reviewed 3 days later. He had intermittent fever up to 38.9 ° C at home and was irritable. On examination his sclerae were mildly injected. His hands and feet continued to peel. The aspirin dose was decreased to 2.5 mg/kg per day. A repeat echocardiogram 27 days after admission showed a dilated right (4.6 mm) and left coronary artery (5 mm). There was an aneurysmal dilatation measuring 8 mm (giant aneurysm defined as > 8 mm) at the origin of the circumflex and the first of the dilated marginal branches. The oral aspirin was continued at the same dose. He is being followed closely by his cardiologists. A myocardial perfusion study showed a small reversible perfusion defect in the infero-basal region.


InGaAsP/InP dual wavelength TJS lasers emitting at 1.17 μm and 1.3 μm wavelengths at room temperature are described. The threshold currents for both diodes are the same. The fabrication procedure and characteristics of the lasers are presented.


Efficient generation of cluster states is crucial for engineering large-scale measurement-based quantum computers. Hybrid matter-optical systems offer a robust, scalable path to this goal. Such systems have an ancilla which acts as a bus connecting the qubits. We show that by generating the cluster in smaller sections of interlocking bricks, reusing one ancilla per brick, the cluster can be produced with maximal efficiency, requiring fewer than half the operations compared with no bus reuse. By reducing the time required to prepare sections of the cluster, bus reuse more than doubles the size of the computational workspace that can be used before decoherence effects dominate. A row of buses in parallel provides fully scalable cluster-state generation requiring only 20 controlled-phase gates per bus use.


This essay proposes a critical approach on the "correspondences" in the Les Fleurs du Mal, considering their dimensions as a poetic device. The "correspondences" are considered in their relationships between poetic device and "natural" historicity of forms, and are observed from the point of view of the "anachronism" that, according Walter Benjamin, produces a poetic experience organized from an immemorial idea of flux.


In light of geo-hazard control in the reservoir area of Three Gorges Project in China,the calculation of critical height of rock-soil elastoplastic area before anti-slide pile on declining sliding surface is carried out with limit equilibrium theory of space wedge block. Firstly,the usual methods of calculating rock-socketed length of anti-slide pile are described,such as engineering geological method and strength controlling method. Secondly,two theories,elastic and elastoplastic theories used to calculating rock-socketed length are compared. Thirdly,the critical height of elastoplastic area of mass before piles is put forword when the slipping surface is declining; meanwhile,the relationships among critical height and angle of sliding surface,resist force of rock and strength parameters of rock are discussed. Finally,taking a project in Wanzhou city of Three Gorges Resevior area for example,the critical elastoplastic height of rock-soil before anti-slide is given; and rules have been found that the critical height h shows a exponential distribution along sliding surface angleθ and cohesion c of rock,and linearly distribution along the resist forceσand friction angleφof rock .According to these rules,we can give proper correction to anti-slide pile's rock-socketed length and critical height of elastoplastic area of rock-soil before anti-slide pile.


The Federal Communications Commission has embar".ced on a broad inquiry designed, ultimately, to assure the domestic availability of ubiquitous personal communications services. The administrative processes which will be followed by the FCC assure that this will be a highly charged and long term project. This paper will study the regulatory procedures which will occur in any spectrum allocation proceeding undertaken, and then review past decisions of the FCC in implementing mobile services, to consider potential approaches to the creation and regulation of any PCN services which may be authorized by the FCC at the end of its inquiry.


Evaluation of the complete set of elastic constants of a graphite/epoxy laminate, including the transverse shear moduli, was achieved by conducting tension, compression, and bending tests on square-section specimens cut 0° and 90° to the fiber axis from 64-ply unidirectional T300/5208 laminate. Axial test specimens were instrumented with tee gages to obtain data on ex tensional moduli and Poisson's ratios. Bending deflections were analyzed using rigorous finite difference solutions for stress distribution to derive the shear moduli along with the extensional moduli acting in bending. A self- consistent set of properties was determined which established the material as being transversely isotropic and conforming to the linear theory of elasticity. The values obtained for the elastic constants were in good agreement with published data except for the in-plane shear modulus, which was somewhat lower than indicated by other test methods. Calculations of the Timoshenko shear coefficient indicated a large variation with fiber orientation and span.


In an important paper, Charles Engel and John H. Rogers (1996) estimate the impact of an international border on price dispersion across US and Canadian cities. After controlling for distance and other factors, they conclude that the economic impact of the border between the United States and Canada is equivalent to shipping a good 75,000 miles (Engel and Rogers 1996, 1117, table 3). Numerous subsequent studies estimate similarly impressive border coefficients. David C. Parsley and Shang-Jin Wei (2001) find a large border effect in US-Japanese price data. Using data on quantities, John F. McCallum (1995) finds that intranational trade flows are, ceteris paribus, 22 times larger than international trade flows. In a similar vein, provincial borders in Canada (John F. Helliwell and Genevieve Verdier 2001) and state borders in the United States (Holger C. Wolf 2000) account for a significant fraction of the decreased trade flows across provinces and states, relative to trade flows within states and provinces. Furthermore, Janet Ceglowski (2003) finds that provincial borders in Canada account for a significant fraction of the discrepancy of prices across provinces. The presence of large border effects has important welfare


Significance Hair bundles are the sensory antennae that detect different types of mechanical signals in diverse sensory systems of vertebrates. Here we design and use a mechanical-load clamp to show that the mechanical properties of hair bundles and their accessory structures dictate their sensory behaviors. By demonstrating how the same organelle can be used to detect a wide gamut of signals, this study reveals both the versatility and essential similarity of hair bundles across receptor organs. These observations reveal a general principle that may be used by both biological and artificial systems: by adjustment of only a few key parameters, a nonlinear system can be controlled to serve many different functions. Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the internal ear, subserve different functions in various receptor organs: they detect oscillatory stimuli in the auditory system, but transduce constant and step stimuli in the vestibular and lateral-line systems. We show that a hair cell's function can be controlled experimentally by adjusting its mechanical load. By making bundles from a single organ operate as any of four distinct types of signal detector, we demonstrate that altering only a few key parameters can fundamentally change a sensory cell's role. The motions of a single hair bundle can resemble those of a bundle from the amphibian vestibular system, the reptilian auditory system, or the mammalian auditory system, demonstrating an essential similarity of bundles across species and receptor organs.


In their meta-analysis, Leichsenring, Rabung, and Leibing (2004) found that short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) were equally efficacious. However, they did not examine whether the treatments were delivered as intended. In our review of nine studies comparing STPP and CBT, we found that most did not adequately implement treatment integrity procedures. Leichsenring and colleagues' contention that CBT and STPP are equally efficacious is therefore based on studies without adequate procedures to monitor treatment adherence or therapist competence. The neglect of treatment integrity procedures in these studies leaves open the possibility that the absence of comparative treatment effects may be due to the manner in which the treatments were operationalized.


In this work, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films were deposited by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) - chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and used as spacer to implement the spacer lithography (SL) technique. This technique was employed to define silicon nanowires (SiNWs), which are three-dimensional (3D) structures on Si surface. With these SiNWs, 3D MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) capacitors were fabricated. Surface analyses were carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to verify the quality and integrity of SiNWs. From these measurements, it can be observed continuous and lengthy SINWs with heights of 17.7 nm and widths of 15.6 nm. Furthermore, the fabricated 3D MOS capacitors, with Al (500 nm)/ SiO2 (10 nm)/ SiNWs structures, were used to obtain capacitance-voltage (CxV) measurements. From CxV curves, it can be observed that the capacitors exhibited a perfectly defined, the accumulation, depletion and inversion regions of carriers in the Si substrate with SiNWs. Furthermore, also the effective charge density of about 1011 cm-2 and flat-band voltage of -1.1 V were extracted. From these results, it can be concluded that the proposed method of spacer lithography can be used to get 3D MOS devices, such as FinFETs and JunctionLess, which are based on SiNWs.


Electron-beam irradiation (EBI) is an efficient, safe, and nonthermal sterilization technique that is extensively used in food preservation research. Here we report the effects of different EBI doses (0, 4, 8 kGy) and preservation temperatures (room temperature [RT], 4 °C) on the muscle water distribution and muscle quality indices of silver carp chunks (SCCs). The highest entrapped water content was found in the 4-kGy-irradiated/4-°C-stored samples. The expressible moisture content (EMC) of the SCCs increased with increasing irradiation dose and was significantly lower in the RT group than in the 4 °C group. The irradiation dose and preservation temperature had no significant effect on the moisture content, whiteness value and protein content of SCCs (p > 0.05). When the irradiation dose reached 8 kGy, AV value, POV value and TVB value were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The myofibrillar protein content and actomyosin content of the SCCs in the 4 °C group was higher than that of the specimens in the RT group by 0.29–0.98 mg/mL (p < 0.05) and 36.21–296.58 μg/mL (p < 0.05), respectively. Overall, EBI treatment (4 kGy) and low-temperature preservation (4 °C) helped retain the muscle water content of the SCCs and preserve their quality, thereby endorsing the EBI treatment of silver carp products.


Aimed at the problem of tunnel surrounding rock classification,rough set theory is introduce to fuzzy comprehensive assessment.Determining weighting coefficient was translated into estimating significance of attributes among rough set and it is established of tunnel surrounding rock classification model with fuzzy comprehensive assessment based on rough set.Finally,improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment is applied to the practical engineering and the evaluation results shows that the method can more reflect the engineering characteristics of tunnel rock.


Surface tension data were measured by the Wilhelmy plate method for the binary mixtures containing an ionic liquid of the imidazolium dialkylphosphate family and water (methanol or ethanol) at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The enthalpy of vaporization Δ1gHmo and Hildebrand solubility parameter δH for the pure components are estimated from the experimental data, and a perfect correlation is found between surface tension and specific cohesive energy per unit surface area for the imidazolium dialkylphosphate series ionic liquids (ILs). The surface tension as well as the surface tension deviation against the solution composition shows a remarkable difference between the mixtures of an IL with water and with alcohols, which is interpreted qualitatively by the δH values of the corresponding pure components. Some ILs act as a surfactant in aqueous solution, but most of them more like a conventional nonelectrolyte component in the alcoholic solutions.


The objective of this research work is to analyze the behavior of young people belonging to generation Y known as millennials, regarding the purchase of clothing. According to Kotler and Keller (2012), a generation is a group of persons whose ages are similar and who lived in the same era. This study is considered as a descriptive and exploratory investigation. It is based on a sample of 261 persons from 21 to 36 years of age in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila. A questionnaire was applied with the scale 'Type of consumers of clothes of Chengedzai' according to the study of Manillall and Lawrence (2014). Using Pearson's chi square and an answer percentage comparison with the IBM SPSS software, the findings suggest that with regard to the innovative factor, the interviewees do not consider themselves as an innovative buyer when they buy clothes. This is because the answers concerning the variables that suggest this have a low score.


In this paper, the matrix chain scheduling problem and two discrete processor allocation algorithms are introduced. Then the algorithm which was proposed by Lee Heejo is described. At last, a new greedy algorithm is proposed,which costs less time and make good use of the processors, and three allocation algorithms are compared and analysed.


The performance of the estimator used in the tracking of a fading channel plays an essential role in many wireless receivers. The conventional Kalman filter is an optimum estimator; however, it is computationally demanding and complex for real-time implementation. A new approach is proposed for the implementation of the Kalman filter based on differential channel states. This leads to a robust differential Kalman filtering algorithm that can be simplified further to ease the implementation without any major loss in performance. It is also shown that the simplifications made to the differential Kalman filter lead to the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, identifying it as a special case of the Kalman filter.


Purpose – This research aims to Findings and implications – The main results showed that advertisements with musical messages have a greater capacity to be retained in the minds of their recipients; similarly, advertising messages that are trans- mitted through the use of audiovisual media have a greater capacity to please or attract. Limitation – The main limitation is associated primarily with the characteristics of the sample, as it is a very specific audience, where the influence of other demograph- ic variables, including age, sex, marital status, and living conditions, was not considered. Originality – The results obtained confirm the contribu-tions of previous studies and reveal patterns of behavior related to the impact of the media and the type of advertisement that is used in its potential to stimulate memories in the subjects receiving the message and to please the target audience, fundamentally in the messages aimed at young audiences (university students). In addition, it provides information on how some attributes that distinguish the advertisement, according to the type of advertising messages used, should be con- sidered as an additional criterion for managers to decide on the type of the advertising message, the fair amount to use, and the most beneficial transmission schedule of such advertisements.


With decolorization rate,content and recovery of glycerol as investigation targets,the decolorization properties of eight kinds resins during purification of glycerol were investigated.The choosed combination of HPD 400 macroporous adsorption resin with 717 strong basic anion resin showed the optimum decolorization effect,and their optimum technical parameters of HPD 400 macroporous adsorption resin and 717 strong basic anion resin were determined.The optimum technical parameters of HPD 400 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows;the ratio of the load amount of crude glycerol to the mass of macroporous adsorption resin was 1:8,the crude glycerol was diluted to a final content of 70%with deionized water,and the adsorption time was 0.5h.The glycerol fraction from the above process was loaded to 717 strong basic anion resin and the optimum technical conditions were as follows:the ratio of the load amount of glycerol fraction to the mass of 717 strong basic anion resin was 1:8,the glycerol fraction was diluted to a final content of 80%with deionized water,and the adsorption time was 1h.After the above two purification steps,decolorization rate was 98.07%,and the absorbance of processed glycerol reached that of analytical grade glycerol.The content of processed glycerol increased to 98.63%compared with that of 83.25%in crude glycerol. The results indicated that combination of HPD 400 macroporous adsorption resin and 717 strong basic anion-exchange resin could be applied in the decolorization of glycerol in the by-product of jatropha curcasl biodiesel.


Six all-electron and pseudopotential basis sets have been used to characterize theoretically the model square-planar [Rh(PH3)3Cl] complex by means of ab initio calculations. The quality of the basis sets has been assessed by looking at optimized geometries, atomic charges and orbital energies. Other criteria considered were non-zero gradients, atomic charges and orbital energies obtained from calculations using the experimental geometry. Results obtained at optimized and experimental geometries have been compared and discussed. A quantification of the computational cost (processor time and disk space) for the series of basis sets has been carried out, a tentative classification having been made.


This paper contributes to providing insights into the impact of decentralisation on poverty. It starts out with an overview of which role decentralisation plays in strategies and policies for poverty eradication and derives economic and political impact channels. It concentrates on the economic channel, the reasoning of which is rooted in fiscal federalism theory. It shows that decentralisation cannot only influence poverty by assigning expenditure responsibility to lower levels of government but also by assigning tax-raising power, which has so far been neglected by the literature. The paper concludes by pointing out a number of possible risks for realising the poverty-reducing potential of decentralisation.


Eighteen cases of a new type of cervical myelopathy, caused by a characteristic posterior paravertebral ossification in the region of the posterior longitudinal ligament, are presented. The main symptoms are a spastic gait and numbness of the fingers. Characteristic roentgenographic findings, seen on lateral roentgenograms of the cervical spine, are ossification along the posterior wall of the upper part of the cervical spinal canal, the ossification being most prominent in the mid-line. Neurological findings are exaggerated tendon reflexes and decreased skin sensation on the upper and lower extremities. Routine laboratory examinations are negative.

Surgical decompression was performed by an anterior approach in three patients and by a posterior approach in eight patients. Improvement was obtained in eight patients; one by the anterior approach and seven by the posterior approach. Two patients became quadriplegic and died after anterior decompression. Our surgical experience indicates that decompression by laminectomy is valuable when the patient's chief complaints are difficulty in walking and sensory disturbance.


Using a unique dataset of 524 households from an urban hill town of Darjeeling in India, this study addresses two key issues of (a) determining the drivers of risk perception from water use, and (b) understanding whether water treatment decisions and choice of water sources are jointly made by the households. The results from probit model show that the age of the head, perception of the aesthetic qualities of water (odour and colour), education level of the head, the volume of improved water used, water treatment decision and expenditure on the water are the significant drivers of risk perception. The results of a rare investigation on the likelihood of the joint decision of treating water and choice of water source show that these decisions are indeed jointly made in the study area. Households decision to treat water from an unimproved source and the choice of improved water can be seen as substitutes. INTRODUCTION Water and sanitation are very crucial to the survival of people and the planet, and hence at the core of sustainable development. There have been advances in the use of 'improved sanitation facilities' (from 59% in 2000 to 68% in 2015) and 'improved water sources' (from 82% in 2000 to 91% in 2015) at the global level (United Nations 2016). However, in developing countries, not all 'improved sources' used are safe, and in 2012, an estimated 1.8 billion people were exposed to drinking water source contamination. In addition, the figures which pertain to the number of people having access to safe water seem to be overestimated as recent studies have shown that having access to 'improved sources' does not necessarily mean access to 'safe water' (Bain et al. 2014, Onda et al. 2012). Lack of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene in most of the developing countries led to 88% of deaths from diarrheal diseases, with a majority of them being children under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2008). In India, an estimated 38% of all deaths are attributable to diarrhoea (Walker et al. 2012). The risks from water contamination, which emerge from sources around watersheds, raw sewage and industrial waste, are more visible in a developing country like India. Making water consumption decisions in such a situation demands reliance on sensory data or perceptions, such as the sight of a dead cow or the smell of rancid water (Crampton & Ragusa 2016). In those cases where contamination cannot be directly observed or perceived, individuals may have to rely on municipal reports on water quality. However, such information has not been easily available or updated, and also not easily understood by an average consumer (Crampton 2014). Therefore, it becomes important that individuals rely on the personal judgement of water attributes to determine potential risks. Such attributes may include colour (how the water looks), taste, and smell of water (Crampton & Ragusa 2016). An alternative to this would be to 'trust' that the water providing agency is providing water that adequately addresses all the risks, and thus influences all the stakeholders (Serveiss 2002, Sterling et al. 2014) which is very likely to happen in the municipalities of India, and in Darjeeling (our study area) in particular. This could be so because citizens, who form a vital component of stakeholders, have little or no public discourse on the water quality. Such lack of public discourse is evident in developed nations like Australia and New Zealand too (Crampton & Ragusa 2016). Studies which identify factors that affect risk perception related to water perception are still scarce and their findings being not conclusive (Onjala et al. 2014). Some related studies have found that perceived odour and taste of water (Jardine et al. 1999, Nauges & Berg 2009), the perceived taste of water and its related source (Levallois et al. 1999), age, income, and distance to the water treatment facility (Turgeon at al. 2004) to be the major drivers of risk perception. 2020 pp. 1303-1310 Vol. 19 p-ISSN: 0972-6268 (Print copies up to 2016) No. 3 Nature Environment and Pollution Technology An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper e-ISSN: 2395-3454 Open Access Journal Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Received: 08-10-2019 Revised: 06-11-2019 Accepted: 11-12-2019


The technique of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to simulate indoor air flow induced by air distribution devices and thermal sources in large enclosures. The CFD package FLOVENT is used as the simulation tool. Examples taken to illustrate the capability of the technique are the air movement in four large waiting halls and the associated air conditioning design. The air flow in a large car park is also adopted as an example for a critical review of the performance of the mechanical ventilation system. To validate the package, numerical simulations are performed with experimental data for air-conditioned spaces reported by Sakamoto and Matsuo, Murakami and Kato and Chow and Wong. Further, the use of the model to calculate the mixing factor for a displacement ventilation system is illustrated.


S. Schmitter, M. Amann, L. Schad Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany Introduction: MR scanner noise is often a problem in fMRI studies, especially in auditory experiments. The BOLD signal induced by the scanner noise may interfere with the auditory fMRI signal [1]. Additionally the scanner's sound pressure level (SPL) of up to 110 dBA causes discomfort or anxiety in many patients [2]. In this work, a silent EPI sequence using a pure sinusoidal readout gradient is presented with a noise reduction of about 11 dBA compared to a conventional EPI sequence with the same imaging parameters. The new sequence was tested in an fMRI experiment with auditory stimulation. In this block-design experiment, a reliable BOLD response of up to 6% signal change was detected in the primary auditory cortex.


Abstract Lichens that reproduce by means of vegetative propagules (soredia or isidia) are generally thought to have broad geographic distributions. However, recent studies have shown that some asexually reproducing lichens with broad distribution may be comprised of multiple, independent species-level lineages. Our understanding of species diversity in asexually reproducing lichenized fungal species may be further confounded by the fact that otherwise morphologically similar taxa separated based on the presence or absence of vegetative reproductive structures may in fact be conspecific. In this study, we investigate genetic diversity of the pantropical sorediate species Hypotrachyna sorocheila using molecular sequence data. Specifically, we generated a three-marker dataset for Hypotrachyna subgen. Everniastrum specimens, and reconstructed a multilocus, molecular phylogeny. Our results show that sorediate samples phenotypically identifiable as H. sorocheila do not form a monophyletic group, but form two distinct species-level lineages. Although our data support the pantropical distribution of H. sorocheila s.str., including populations in East Africa, a distinct species-level clade was found in Asia and is described as a new species here, H. himalayana Divakar & Kirika sp. nov. This study highlights the fact that the taxonomic significance of reproductive traits may vary among lineages of lichen-forming fungi, and that there is need for careful case-by-case studies.


Objective To understand the anti-HEV antibody levels of hepatitis E in Shenzhen city,and provide the evidence for the prevention,control and the immunization strategies for the hepatitis E. Methods Multiple stage stratified chester random sampling method was used in this research.People were divided to three levels according to the administrative level by this method.A total of 3 771 citizens from 8 regions of Shenzhen city aged 1-59 years old were tested for anti-HEV IgG by enzyme immunoassay(ELISA). Results The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG in male and female were 23.72% (1 834/3 771) and 23.64% (1 937/3 771), respectively. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 19.08% (1 389/3 771) in residences of Shenzhen,while it was 26.36% (2 382/3 771) in non-residences. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG increased with age, and was related to education attainment. People with higher education level had the lowest positive rate of anti-HEV IgG (28.50%). Conclusion The prevalence of hepatitis E in Shenzhen should never be neglected. It is necessary to pay more attention to the surveillance of the hepatitis E.


Solving the problem of effective counteraction to terrorism is one of the vital tasks of the state. The author substantiates the introduction of the institute of criminal liability for failure to report terrorist act (committed or being prepared), promoting terrorist activities, training to carry out terrorist activities, organizing terrorist group and (or) participation in it to the domestic legislation. Failure to report as a form of complicity in crime existed in the RSFSR criminal law and was excluded from the criminal legislation of Russia during the democratic reform at the end of the 20th century. The constant increase in the number of terrorism-related crimes, participation of suicide bombers in terrorist acts allow to assert about the necessity of bringing to responsibility the persons who were aware of the crimes committed or being planned and didn't report them. Various scholars' opinions, justifying the introduction of the institute of failure to report to the Russian criminal law, are presented. The author believes that nowadays there's a need to strengthen the use of criminal law for protection of society against terrorism-related crimes. One of the ways to strengthen such protection is introduction of the norm, establishing the duty to report terrorist act (committed or being prepared), promoting terrorist activities, training to carry out terrorist activities, organizing terrorist group and (or) participation in it, to the Federal law from March 6, 2006 N 35-FL "On combating terrorism". Criminal liability for failure to report should correspond to this duty. In author's opinion, this measure will reduce the number of terrorist attacks.


Understanding the structure and function of ecosystems in Canada's national parks is essential in fulfilling the Parks Canada Agency's mandate to manage for ecological integrity. Wapusk National Park is representative of the Hudson Bay Lowlands and small lakes and ponds make up a considerable component of the landscape. The Hudson Bay Lowlands have experienced relatively recent isostatic rebound from submarine conditions, hence proximity to the coast was found to be a major factor in determining the concentration of dissolved salts in pond water. It was observed that the ionic composition of the water in ponds throughout much of the park is consistent, indicating that most of the ponds are an expression of surface water maintaining little connection to groundwater. The prevalence of permafrost throughout much of the park is likely the reason for this stability. Ponds within the park also show considerable variability in the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) they contain. DOC shows a strong north-south and east-west trend. Ponds in the northeast of the park have lower DOC values while ponds in the southwest of the park have higher levels of DOC. Changes in DOC within the park appear to be driven by changes in the terrestrial vegetation surrounding the ponds. Climatically mediated changes in northern tree line and permafrost are likely to cause the greatest alteration of aquatic habitats in Wapusk National Park. The paucity of background data makes it impossible to assess the amount of change that may have already occurred in the park. This research provides the first landscape-level study for the area and shows that there are distinct limnological patterns over this landscape that are likely to be sensitive to climate change and should be readily detectable with ongoing monitoring.


This article is an attempt of the scientific definition of the German interlinear word for word translation of «Odyssey» made by Professor K. Grasshof. This text was the base and the substitute of the original for the Russian poet and translator V.A. Zhukovsky, who translated this Homer's poem practically from German into Russian at 1844-1848. In the article several translation-principles of the Russian romanticist are defined more exactly, the aspects of further study of interlinear translation as a phenomenon in the cross-cultural communication are contemplated.


Student-university fit leads to increased satisfaction with a student's postsecondary institution and has a positive effect on college completion (Braxton, Vesper, & Hossler, 1995). As increasing numbers of deaf and hard-of-hearing students elect to attend college (Newman, Wagner, Cameto, Knokey, & Shaver, 2010), the relationship between college choice and completion points to a need to better understand how students make their college decisions. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the present study examined factors that influence deaf and hard-of-hearing students' college choice and explored how deaf identity influences selection of a deaf-serving institution (DSI). The theoretical framework for the study was deaf identity development theory, which postulates that people who are deaf or hard of hearing have varying degrees of awareness of and identification with Deaf culture and the Deaf community (Glickman, 1993). Study participants were deaf and hard-of-hearing freshman baccalaureate students at a DSI in the United States. Data was gathered using individual interviews and a document reflection activity. Analysis of the data revealed four themes that describe the study participants' college choice process: Secondary School Influences, Preparation for Career and Life, Accommodation for and Acceptance of Individuals who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing, and Searching for Kindred. The findings point to the importance of educational environments that can appropriately serve the needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing students. The results also point to a fundamental role in higher education for DSIs, which serve both the educational and sociocultural identity needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Jeannine Dingus-Eason Second Supervisor Shannon Cleverley-Thompson Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/134 Factors Affecting Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students' Selection of a Deaf-Serving Institution: Deaf Identity Influences on College Choice By Pamela L. Carmichael Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Ed.D. in Executive Leadership Supervised by Dr. Jeannine Dingus-Eason Committee Member Dr. Shannon Cleverley-Thompson Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. School of Education St. John Fisher College


In this paper we discuss developing opaque predicates with the help of quantum entangled qubits. These opaque predicates obfuscate classical control flow in hybrid quantum-classical systems. The idea is to use a pair of entangled qubits, one at compile-time and one in the compiled code at runtime to create opaque predicates. We make use of the CHSH game (John Clauser, Michael Horne, Abner Shimony, and Richard Holt) to get consensus about the value of a qubit at runtime, whose value can be predicted at compile time with high probability due to quantum properties. The paper discusses designing opaque predicate that relies on the quantum behavior of the entangled qubits and quantum measurements. The obfuscation produced by this technique maintain only a semantic accuracy of 85.35% when one entangled pair of qubits are used. However, we show that the accuracy can be improved to 100% by introducing additional entangled qubit pairs.


Purpose
The distant data centre-centric Internet of Things (IoT) systems face the latency issue especially in the real-time-based applications, such as augmented reality, traffic analytics and ambient assisted living. Recently, Fog computing models have been introduced to overcome the latency issue by using the proximity-based computational resources, such as the computers co-located with the cellular base station, grid router devices or computers in local business. However, the increasing users of Fog computing servers cause bottleneck issues and consequently the latency issue arises again. This paper aims to introduce the utilisation of Mist computing (Mist) model, which exploits the computational and networking resources from the devices at the very edge of the IoT networks.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a service-oriented mobile-embedded Platform as a Service (mePaaS) framework that allows the mobile device to provide a flexible platform for proximal users to offload their computational or networking program to mePaaS-based Mist computing node.

Findings
The prototype has been tested and performance has been evaluated on the real-world devices. The evaluation results have shown the promising nature of mePaaS.

Originality/value
The proposed framework supports resource-aware autonomous service configuration that can manage the availability of the functions provided by the Mist node based on the dynamically changing hardware resource availability. In addition, the framework also supports task distribution among a group of Mist nodes.


Background: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal vascular disease, accounting for over 90% cases of acute aortic syndrome. Despite advances in understanding associated risk factors, the long-term prognosis for AD patients is still poor. Several prognostic biomarkers have been used for AD as per the IRAD, such as older age (>70 years), onset of chest pain and hypotension, but they are not effective in all patients. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) is a consistent inflammatory marker. CRP levels are abnormally increased in AD. However, the prognostic value of serum CRP level in AD remains unclear. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis (registration no CRD42017056205) to evaluate whether CRP is a biomarker associated with in-hospital mortality in type-A AD. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, SciELO, and EMBASE were searched for papers published from January 2000 to October 2017 for studies on the prognostic role of CRP at admission in type-A AD patients. Outcome data were extracted and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Results: 18 (N = 2875 patients) studies met the inclusion criteria. Elevated CRP level was associated with a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with type-A AD (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25, p = 0.001). The pooled sensitivity of CRP in type-A AD patients was 77% (95% CI 69%–84%, p < 0.001), and the specificity was 72% (95% CI 66%–78%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated CRP level is significantly associated with increased risks of in-hospital mortality in patients with type-A AD. CRP is a convenient prognostic factor in type-A AD patients.


Audiologists have devised a battery of clinical tests to measure auditory abilities. While these tests can help determine the candidacy of patients for amplification intervention, they do not accurately predict the degree to which a patient would benefit from using a hearing aid (i.e., The hearing aid outcome). Measuring hearing aid outcomes in the real-world is challenging as it not only depends on a patient's auditory abilities, but also on auditory contexts that include characteristics of the listening activity, social context, and acoustic environment. This paper explores the problem of creating predictive models for hearing aid outcomes that incorporate information about auditory abilities, hearing-aid features, and auditory contexts. Our models are built on a dataset collected using a mobile phone application that measures auditory contexts and hearing aid outcomes using Ecological Momentary Assessments. The use of a mobile application allowed us to collect fine-grained hearing aid outcome measures in different auditory contexts. The dataset includes 5671 surveys from 34 patients collected over two years. Our analysis focuses on identifying the features necessary for predicting hearing aid outcomes in different clinical scenarios. Most importantly, we show that models that only included measures of auditory ability as features are cannot predict the hearing aid outcome of a patient with accuracy better than chance. Incorporating information about auditory contexts increases the prediction accuracy to 68%. More excitingly, accuracies as high as 90% can be achieved when a small amount of training data is collected from a patient in-situ. These results suggest that audiologists could prescribe a mobile phone application at the time of dispensing the hearing aid in order to accurately predict a patient's likelihood of becoming a successful and satisfied hearing aid user.


The invention provides a colored filter and a manufacturing method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: coating a first material layer on a substrate, and performing a photoetching process to pattern the first material layer into a plurality of first color resistors and a plurality of first light-filtering parts, wherein each first light-filtering projects to form a first interval part; coating a second material layer on the substrate, and performing a photoetching process to pattern the second material layer into a plurality of second color resistors which are arranged in parallel with the first color resistor at certain intervals and a plurality of light-filtering parts which are overlapped with the first light-filtering parts, wherein each second light-filtering part projects to form a second interval part which corresponds to the first interval part; and continuously coating a third material layer on the substrate, and performing a photoetching process to pattern the third material layer into a plurality of third color resistors which are arranged parallel with the first color resistors and the second color resistors at certain intervals and a plurality of third light-filtering parts which are overlapped with the second light-filtering parts, wherein each third light-filtering part projects to form a third interval part which corresponds to the second interval part.


Objective Analyzing the roxithromycin detection scheme to observe the charge transfer spectrophotometric reactions between roxithromycin and 1,2,5,8-four anthraquinones,for determining the feasibility and effectiveness of the roxithromycin content method.Methods Making use of the characteridtics of spectrophotometric measurement equipment according to roxithromycin and skyrin(L,2,5,8-four hydroxyanthraquinone) occurring photometric changes after charge transfer reaction,to determine the content of roxithromycin.Results Product recovery of measurement result product photometric methods of the photometric analysis group and the microbiological method group was 99.8% and 100.2%.Recycling values of microbiological method was 101.3% to 99.9%,P0.05,two kinds of measurement results didn't have difference.Conclusions Measurement result of applying photometric analysis and traditional microbiological method had no difference.So applying this feature of using spectrophotometer measurement equipment according to roxithromycin and skyrin(1,2,5,8-four hydroxyanthraquinone) occurring photometric changes after charge transfer reaction,to determine the content of roxithromycin is effective.


This thesis submitted to the department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, in partial fulfillment for the degree of Masters of Philosophy in Educational Psychology.


In the last few decades, the literature on leisure policies has evolved, thanks to a better understanding of the effects and impacts of public leisure actions rather than a comprehensive study of that field's public policy process. This has resulted in the development of a corpus focused on knowledge for policies rather than knowledge of policies, particularly in the study of urban governance and of the co-production of services with the non-profit and private sectors. The purpose of this article is to further explore the theoretical and conceptual implications of urban governance applied to the analysis of public leisure policies. It also aims to draw inspiration from the main approaches of urban policy analysis in order to propose an analytical framework applicable to an empirical process for comparative analysis mainly focused on describing the dynamics of local governance. The main purpose of this framework is to analyse the actors, governance mechanisms and factors that characterise the development of local leisure policies while giving special consideration to the collaborative nature of the relationships within this coalition of partners.


A full-time secretary for the General Assembly of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk? In 1986 the General Assembly of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk decided to appoint a full-time secretary. This paper asks whether such an appointment is reconcilable with the principles of the presbyterial-synodal system of church government.


This paper analyzes the immune theory and multi- agent systems, and proposes an immune multi-agent active defense model. The concept of immune agent is introduced. While the logical structure and running mechanism is established. The method which uses antibody concentration to quantitatively describe the degree of intrusion danger is presented. The proposed model implements a multi-layer and distributed active defense mechanism for network intrusion. The experiment results show that this model is a good solution to the network security defense.


One new genus and two new species of Delphacidae are described and illustrated: Sulculus Ding et Chen, gen. nov., S. sulcauus Ding, sp. nov. and S. liboensis Chen, sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited separately in the Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU) and Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University (GZU), China.


The synthesis of a new dinuclear complexes containing linked RuII(dppz) and ReI(dppz) moieties is reported. The photophysical and biological properties of the new complex, which incorporates a N,N'-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamine tether ligand, are compared to a previously reported RuII/ReI complex linked by a simple dipyridyl alkane ligand. Although both complexes bind to DNA with similar affinities, steady state and time-resolved photophysical studies reveal that the nature of the linker affects the excited state dynamics of the complexes and their DNA photocleavage properties. Density functional theory calculations on these systems offer insights into these effects. Whilst both complexes are live-cells permeant, their intracellular localization are significantly affected by the nature of the linker. Notably, one of the complexes displayed concentration-dependent localization and possesses photophysical properties that are compatible with SIM and STED nanoscopy. This allowed the dynamics of its intracellular localization to be tracked at super resolutions.


Cicletanine (CIC) recently has been shown to lower systemic arterial pressure in hypertensive animals and man by a mechanism that may involve potentiation of the vasodilator effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We previously have shown that ANP prevents acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and modulates the severity of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The current study tested the hypothesis that CIC inhibits the pulmonary pressor response to acute hypoxia by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent mechanism. Catheters were placed in the pulmonary arteries of Sprague-Dawley rats through the right jugular vein using a closed chest technique, and in the aorta through the right femoral artery. After a 24 hour recovery, CIC (600 mg/ kg) or vehicle was administered orally by gavage to conscious rats 4 hours prior to exposure to 10% oxygen at ambient pressure or to room air. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 3 hours. CIC attenuated the acute pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia (MPAP = 24.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg in the "hypoxic + CIC" group vs. 29.9 ± 1.0 mm Hg in the "hypoxic + vehicle" group; p < 0.05 at 3 hours of hypoxic exposure), but had no significant effect on MSAP or HR. CIC had no effect on MPAP, MSAP, or HR in air control rats. Acute hypoxia caused significant increases in plasma ANP and cGMP and in kidney cGMP content, but CIC administration did not alter these parameters further. This is the first demonstration that acute administration of CIC attenuates the pulmonary pressor response to acute hypoxia in conscious rats


The distribution of neurosecretory granules in various anatomical compartments of neurosecretory axons of the neural lobe of the rat pituitary has been studied. Apart from the most anterior tip of the gland, where granules are largely restricted to undilated axons and a few 'swellings', the proportional compartmental storage of granules is essentially homogeneous for the rest of the gland: 13% of granules are found in undilated axons, 31% in axonal 'endings' (which contain microvesicles and abut the basement membrane) and 55% in axonal 'swellings' (which are devoid of significant numbers of microvesicles). These values indicate that the 'endings' contain a much greater proportion of the total number of granules stored in the neural lobe than would be predicted if the readily releasable pool of hormone were composed of all the granules in the 'endings'. Some further constraint on granule release either physiological or anatomical (e.g. the position of the granule in relation to the plasmalemma of the 'ending') must be operative.


PurposeThis paper aims to explore the last-mile (LM) challenges faced by on-demand food delivery (ODFD) riders during the coronavirus pandemic. This study contributes to the literature on the less-explored domain of ODFD services.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory methodology is used. Riders working for multiple ODFD firms in various urban and semi-urban areas of India were interviewed. Open, axial and selective coding of interview transcripts was done.FindingsA grounded model is developed consisting of riders' challenges represented broadly under four core categories: Operational, Customer-related, Organisational and Technological issues. The study indicates that while some of the challenges are inherent to the ODFD supply chain, these have been visibly exposed and intensified by COVID-19, while other challenges are specific to the pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is a qualitative proposition representing LM delivery issues in ODFD services faced by the riders in India's urban and semi-urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Other countries may face similar problems, but further studies are necessary to confirm or refute the findings.Practical implicationsODFD companies must address the riders' issues to better adapt to the current and future disruptions and improve riders' quality of work–life to achieve operational excellence.Originality/valueThis study builds on the extant ODFD literature by focusing on one of its less addressed aspects: the working conditions of the riders. This work is conducted amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a developing country and aims to study the challenges in ODFD operations.


The literature on fiscal multipliers is far from having reached an agreed upon conclusion about their size (sometimes even their sign) and how they might be state contingent.1 There is much debate about this issue, so much so that Eric Leeper defined this literature as "alchemy". One result, however, seems very robust: in OECD economies fiscal consolidations (austerity) based upon expenditure cuts are much less costly than those performed on the tax side. This result was originally shown by an early literature which studied episodes of austerity before the financial crisis and the Great Recession characterized by (large) reductions in the cyclically adjusted government deficit. Alesina and Ardagna (2010) summarized and extended these results, which were then confirmed in IMF (2010) and Guajardo et (2014) using a methodology based upon the narrative method pioneered by Romer and Romer (2010).2 The purpose of this paper is twofold. First we review more recent evidence based upon an extension of the narrative method which considers multi-year fiscal plans rather than year-byyear shifts in fiscal variables, like in Romer and Romer (2010) and Guajardo et al.(2014). We shall argue that analyzing multi-year plans is a better way of studying the effects of fiscal policy because in the real world governments typically adopt, and legislatures vote, multi-year budget laws which have little resemblance to isolated fiscal "shocks". We will also document cases of "expansionary austerity", namely episodes in which even large reductions of government spending were associated on impact with increases in GDP growth – a possibility


OBJECTIVES
The aging of the workforce is an issue that calls for concrete measures to promote the health of older workers. This study reports on the results of the European "ProHealth65+" research project interventions conducted in Poland in relation to workplace health promotion for older workers (WHPOW) and the institutions involved in these programs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A three-stage search of peer-reviewed and grey literature on the WHPOW in Poland.

RESULTS
A total of 59 WHPOW programs were retrieved in Poland in the observation period (2000-2015). Most of these aimed at improving the Qualification and Training or at the Work Climate and attitudes toward older workers. The promotion, organization, and funding of these activities were carried out mainly by supra-national and governmental bodies, enterprises and employers, and educational and trainee institutions.

CONCLUSIONS
Although there is great commitment to the medical surveillance of workers on the part of the Polish occupational health service, our search detected a relatively low number of the WHPOW initiatives. Greater efforts should be made to introduce strategies for addressing aging of the workforce. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):753-761.

http://ijomeh.eu/pdf-84930-33809?filename=Health promotion for the.pdf


The world's current economic development presents the only "unchanged" is "continuous change". This "continuous change" is the "innovation" that the academic community is increasingly concerned about. The development mode of the company is toward continuous cross-border, continuous innovation and development, and constantly breaking the original game rules and competitive landscape. However, if manufacturing companies want to successfully achieve "cross-border", knowledge search is considered to be a key factor in achieving "cross-border technological innovation". Knowledge search itself has "duality". How does the "duality" of knowledge search affect the improvement of technological innovation? Does absorptive capacity have an effect on external knowledge search and manufacturing companies' technological innovation capabilities? Due to the different theoretical perspectives, there is no definitive discussion on the growth model of the technological innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises in the academic circles. Based on the open innovation theory as the theoretical basis, what is the growth model for the technological innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises? This paper uses empirical analysis methods, latent variable mixed growth model and other methods to empirically analyze 305 manufacturing companies. The study finds that there are two different dynamic growth models for the technological innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises based on the open innovation theory: the growth model and the "U" growth model. Furthermore, it further examines how the duality of knowledge search, the breadth and depth of knowledge search, and absorptive capacity affect the two different technological innovation capacity growth models of manufacturing companies.


In activities of art and design, material not only serves as a substantial body, but also implies emotional semantic correspond with human mind. Emotional semantic which extracted from material's physical, chemical and emotion properties is originated from material's innate senses. Emotional semantic is also expanded by manual senses and affected by such factors as culture in an age and aesthetic mentality. Close concern on the studies of emotional semantic of material will offer new thoughts and methods for art and design.


Climate warming increases flood risk and the intensity of extreme precipitation. Studying extreme precipitation patterns and changes is vital to reducing flood risk. This paper investigates thresholds, changes and time scales for extreme precipitation using sub-daily records from meteorological stations in the Ganjiang River basin. We use the gamma distribution and select the L-moment method to estimate the paramete rs α and β. Results show that (1) events of 1-4 runs 10 occurred most commonly and events of 1-10 runs contributed the most to total precipitation; (2) Extreme precipitation has the characteristics of high intensity and occasional occurrence in summer. The intensity and the occasional probability of extreme precipitation will increase in spring in the future in stations like Yifeng, Zhangshu and Ningdu; (3) flood risk shows signs of increasing as elevation increases in the northern lowland and Jitai Basin in the mid-stream region, while risks in the southern mountainous region decreasing with elevation increasing. These findings will facilitate emergency preparedness, 15 including risk management and disaster assistance in flood - prone areas.


Defining, implementing and monitoring investment strategies are sensitive coordinates for solid corporate governance within investment entities and may significantly influence the investors' perception regarding the financial performances. We based our research on the assumption that efficient investment strategies has major impact upon the net asset value (NAV) reported by Financial Investment Companies, and implicitly upon the stock price. The paper is focused on identifying a certain pattern in the portfolio structures of these entities and measuring some possible correlations with the market performance. For the purpose of this paper, we examine the trading discount or premium determined as price to net asset value per unit (NAVU) ratio in order to measure investors' perception regarding the asset management performance, defined as market performance. Nevertheless, we consider that our research find its utility also for financial audit missions conducted for investment entities, whenever significant misstatement risk is assessed as part of planning the missions. Therefore, we consider that our correlation testing may be efficiently used as analytical procedures when gathering sufficient knowledge about the entities and the asset management industry. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review under responsibility of Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and Business local organization


In everyday life conversations, speakers often accompany verbal utterances with spontaneous gestures (beats) to emphasize certain parts of the utterance. Such affect is thought to be driven by the temporal alignment between visual (gestures) and auditory (speech) inputs. However, the brain mechanisms sustaining this ability remain unknown. We hypothesize that beats, usually preceding word onset by 200 ms, drive the auditory system into an 'optimal state', enhancing its integration of ensuing acoustic information. In this study, we tested whether beat gestures reset the phase of ongoing neural oscillations and align neural activity into the high excitability phase at the arrival of the relevant auditory input. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were acquired while participants watched a continuous, naturally recorded political discourse. The phase-locking index (PLI) was calculated from the EEG time locked to the onset of equivalent words appearing naturally in the discourse, sometimes preceded by beat gestures and sometimes not. We observed an increase in phase-locking at the delta–theta frequency range (2–6 Hz) from around 200 ms before word-onset to 200 ms post word-onset, when words were accompanied with a beat gesture compared to audio alone. Furthermore, this increase in phase-locking, most noticeable at fronto-central electrodes, was not accompanied by an increase in power in the same frequency range, confirming the oscillatory-based nature of this effect. These results suggest that beat gestures are used as robust predictive information capable to tune neural oscillations to the optimal phase for auditory integration of relevant parts of the discourse during natural speech processing.


The preventive effect of a novel synthetic serine protease inhibitor, sepimostat mesilate (sepimostat), on acute alcohol pancreatic injury, induced by exocrine hyperstimulation and ethanol administration, was assessed and compared with that of a similar protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate (camostat).


The learning process can be seen as an emotional and personal experience that is addictive and motivates learners to proactive behavior. New research methods in this field are related to affective and emotional approaches to computer-supported learning and human-computer interactions. The major topics discussed are emotions, motivation, games and game-experience. The book is divided in three parts, part I, Game-based Learning, reflects upon the two-way interaction between game and student, thus enabling the game to react to the student's emotional state. Part II, Motivation and Learning, analyses whether the absence or presence of social and personal cues in the communication between a tutor and his or her students influence students' learning and their satisfaction wit the tutor and the course. Part III, Emotions and Emotional Agents, discusses the production of learning environments which enhance the learner's self esteem, ensure that the learner's best interests are respected through paying attention to the narrative structures of the learner's experience, and the ways in which communication can be enhanced through empathy with the learner.IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences


Based on alternative reduced games, several dynamic approaches are proposed to show how the three extended Shapley values can be reached dynamically from arbitrary efficient payoff vectors on multichoice games.


In 2006 the World Health Organization published its new Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater. Together the Guidelines offer a safety framework, and minimum requirements for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture. Anyone interested in safe wastewater management will benefit from getting acquainted with the guidelines. The first volume Policy and regulatory aspects deals with policies and regulations regarding safe water management. It is primarily meant for persons in policy-making positions, as well as for controlling officials. Aside from offering guidelines for example on how to formulate, harmonize and mainstream policies in effect, it also gives an introduction to Volumes 2, 3, and 4 of the Guidelines, by means of executive summaries. In the end of Volume 1 index and a glossary of terms for all the volumes (1-4) can be found. Volume 2 of the Guidelines Wastewater use in agriculture focuses on the health impacts that wastewater use in agriculture has, for instance, on consumers and those who work in this field. The main focus of this volume is thus on safety maximization (such as food safety) when it comes to wastewater use in agriculture. The second volume of the Guidelines is primarily meant for use when developing national and international methods for safe water management. Volume 3 of the GuidelinesWastewater and excreta use in aquaculture also centers on the safety matters, the risks and the benefits this time especially related to wastewater and excreta use. The focus of this volume is specifically on aquaculture. Similarly to Volumes 2 and 3, Volume 4 Excreta and greywater use in agriculture also focuses on the safety matters; however, the center of attention is on agriculture, with a specific view on excreta and greywater use.


The knowledge of protein-DNA interactions is essential to fully understand the molecular activities of life. Many research groups have developed various tools which are either structure- or sequence-based approaches to predict the DNA-binding residues in proteins. The structure-based methods usually achieve good results, but require the knowledge of the 3D structure of protein; while sequence-based methods can be applied to high-throughput of proteins, but require good features. In this study, we present a new information theoretic feature derived from Jensen–Shannon Divergence (JSD) between amino acid distribution of a site and the background distribution of non-binding sites. Our new feature indicates the difference of a certain site from a non-binding site, thus it is informative for detecting binding sites in proteins. We conduct the study with a five-fold cross validation of 263 proteins utilizing the Random Forest classifier. We evaluate the functionality of our new features by combining them with other popular existing features such as position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), orthogonal binary vector (OBV), and secondary structure (SS). We notice that by adding our features, we can significantly boost the performance of Random Forest classifier, with a clear increment of sensitivity and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC).


Remote sensing is the technology of collecting and examining data about the earth with special sensors. The data obtained are used in many application areas. The classification success of remote sensing images is closely related to the accuracy and reliability of the information to be used. For this reason, especially in recent studies, it is seen that Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which has become popular in many fields, is used and high successes have been achieved. However, it is also an important need to obtain this information quickly. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to get results as successful as CNN and in a shorter time than CNN. Hybrid systems in which features are extracted with CNN and then classification is performed with machine learning algorithms have been tested. The successes of binary combinations of two different CNN architectures (ResNet18, GoogLeNet) and four different classifiers (Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Discriminant Analysis) have been compared with various metrics. GoogLeNet & Support Vector Machine (93.33%) is the method with the highest accuracy rate, while ResNet18 & Decision Tree (50.95%) is the method with the lowest accuracy rate.


Techniques for assessing impacts of transportation projects on amenity and severance in a community are neither well developed nor widely used. In the absence of standardized techniques, amenity and severance are often ignored or at least underplayed in environmental impact assessments and transportation planning processes. As an appreciation of the importance of these concepts grows, however, the tools available for measuring and evaluating them have improved and examples of efforts to enhance amenity and reduce severance have proliferated. Although more basic research on the concepts of amenity and severance is needed, planners can find effective ways to address these concerns. This chapter defines amenity and severance, reviews the tools available to planners for assessing these characteristics, and presents examples of policies and projects designed to enhance amenity and reduce severance.


As early as 1803 Franz Carl Naegele 1 recognized the morphology of the obliquely ovate pelvis and in his celebrated monograph published in 1839 he based his observations on the study of 37 specimens. He defined the deformity as a "pelvis contracted in one of the oblique diameters with complete ankylosis of the sacroiliac synchondrosis on one side, combined with imperfect development of the sacrum and os innominatum on the same side." At the time of his writing, Naegele observed that the deformity had never been recognized in the living person. Today, without the aid of roentgenology, the same difficulty of diagnosis apparently obtains, as witnessed by the experience here reported. When one considers the supposed rarity of this type of pelvic deformity, the observation of 4 cases in almost as many years in the material presenting itself in a relatively small teaching clinic is something of a revelation. In


Background: Older reports estimate that malaria accounts for 60% of outpatient clinic encounters in Nigeria. However, current estimates suggest that malaria control programs have considerably reduced malaria-related morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The extent to which these programs impacted malaria prevalence in endemic countries such as Nigeria after the Millennium-Development Goals era may not have been fully appreciated. This study, therefore, assessed how common malaria was among febrile patients attending a semi-rural medical center in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 290 randomly selected general and pediatric outpatients (who fulfilled inclusion criteria) attending the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu in August 2016. It assessed participants' clinical features, insecticide-treated net usage and presence of malaria parasitemia (confirmed by microscopy). Results: Participants' overall mean age was 18.4 ± 16.3 years (ranging from 0.25–62.0 years); 146 (50.3%) were females; 73.4% used insecticide-treated-net the previous night. Their mean overall temperature was 37.7°C ± 1.1°C. Overall malaria prevalence was 65.5%; however, the incidence was highest in ≥15 years age-group (30.3%) followed by ≤4 years age group (20.7%). Clinical features predicting malaria parasitemia were pallor (odds ratio [OR] = 5.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96–14.42) and history of convulsion (OR = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.53–10.78). Their median parasite density was 1 ± 1.3. Clinical features poorly predicted malaria parasite density among participants. Conclusion: The malaria prevalence in this study was worryingly high. There is a need to review or modify current malaria control programs using more comprehensive strategies if reduction in the malaria-related morbidity and mortality in this and similar settings is desired.


Many companies in the upstream segments of value chains combine continuous or semi-continuous processes with batch manufacturing. These companies face problems such as an increasingly high variety of final products being demanded by markets, a high incidence of raw materials in the cost structure and intensifying international competition. This paper deals with the rationalisation of recipes and bills of materials, which is one of the key problems encountered by such companies. The work uses an optimisation approach and proposes mixed-integer linear programming models for the case of multi-layer plywood and blockboard manufacturing, developed in cooperation with one of the major Italian manufacturers. The preliminary results achieved to date are broadly aligned with the cost structure and recipes currently being used by the firm, but introduce substantial elements of improvement, especially in the reduction of the number of recipes.


ITis only within a comparatively recent period that the chemical laboratory has attained the prominent position it now occupies in colleges and schools of science. Indeed, in its present development, with facilities for practical study in inorganic and organic chemistry. both elementary and advauced, thirty years ago there was not a single laboratory in this country, and few elsewheye. Probably the earliest attempt in this country to give systematic laboratory instruction, to classes of any magnitude, was made in 1865 a t the Bfassachusetts Institute of Technology. Analytical chemistry had previously been taught to a limited extent in a few institutions for the training of analytical chemists. I n organic chemistry. or chemistry of the carbon compounds, instruction was first given by lectures and laboratory work in 1872 at Harvard College. On account, it m a r be, of the slight attention that technological and applied chemistry has received in this country as compared with Europe, few courses of study a t the present date, even in the most prominent schools of science, include practicaI training in this subject. In speaking of the functions of the modern chemical Jaboratory, it should be considered as an important factor in liberal education as well as a means of preparation for scient ~ f i c pursuits; and we shall doubtless find our attention fully occupied in describing the principal aims of a laboratory devoted to pure and applied cheniistry, without including the 110 less important work of laboratories in the special fields of agricultural, medical, biological, and sanitary chemistry. That a thorough training in general and descriptive chemistry should now form a n essential feature in a liberal course O F study, probably no one will venture to doubt. To the man of business, a knowledge of the composition and properties of materials is important as stoclr in trade. I n the pra3tice of law, decisions often involve a consideration of chemical changes as well as the composition of various substances. To men engaged in literary pursuits, in political life, or in the ministry, questions are frequently presented that require for their intelligent consideration a certain knowledge of chemistry. But especially to men engaged in any scientific pursuit, a good knowledge of substances, their occurrence, properties, and relations is indispensable. A chemical laboratory is therefore called upon to provide for each student broad and thorough training in the elementary principles of chemical science, including the composition and properties of matter. As to the best method for such instruction there may have been certain differences of opinion, but I think it is now universally conceded, that, while it is essential that the student sl-~ould commit to memory important facts and principles as they are presented to him a t the lecture table, i t is in the laboratory that he recives the discipline of the hand and eye, and in methods of reasoning, that enables him to acquire the true spirit of scientific thought, and to retain a remembrance of facts that otherwise he would soon forget.


Based on the domestic and foreign theoretical achievements from CIN and knowledge conduction, the paper shows knowledge producers, disseminators and adopters classifying criteria and operative structure, expounds the typical characteristics, transferring process and driving pattern for different knowledge conduction behaviors. It gives the performance forming route and measure methods for conduction partners, establishes the relationship models among network knowledge supply function, demand function and total surplus functions, and then forms knowledge creation, dissemination and application scheme.


The notion of rationality, defined as a behavior that maximizes the agent's expected utility, is usually taken to pertain to the courses of physical action available to the agent. And while there is no reason why it should not be useful in providing normative theories of activities that are not purely physical like planning, learning, inference, and gathering information, the formalization of the latter types of activities in decision-theoretic terms is not straightforward. The basic difficulty is that these activities are not directly aimed at changing the physical environment, based on which the utility gain could be conveniently expressed, but rather they change the state of the agent itself. Thus, their purpose is more of an indirect effect of putting the agent in a better position for subsequent physical interaction with its environment, and it is the general and robust formalization of this effect that remains a challenge.


Objective
To assess the effect of preoperative administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the hidden blood loss in the surgery of intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA).

Methods
Eighty patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with PFNA in our hospital from November 2015 to July 2016. They were 15 men and 65 women, with a mean age of 72.6 years. Of them, 39 were included into TXA group where TXA was administered preoperatively and 41 were assigned into the control group where no TXA was used preoperatively. Blood routine examinations were carried out on one day before operation, the first and third days after operation. The surgical blood loss, operative blood transfusion, 24-hour drainage after operation, and postoperative 3-day blood transfusion were recorded. The total and hidden blood losses were calculated according to the formula. The 2 groups were compared in terms of blood loss and complications.

Results
In TXA group, the total blood loss (1,632.3±849.2 mL), the hidden blood loss (1,270.9±623.3 mL) and the transfusion rate (28.2%) were significantly lower than those in the control group (2,014.8±924.7 mL, 1,549.1±624.9 mL and 56.1%) (P 0.05). Deep venous thrombosis occurred in 2 patients, limb swelling in one patient and wound dehiscence in one patient in TXA group while deep venous thrombosis occurred in one patient, limb swelling in 3 patients and wound dehiscence in none in the control group, showing no significant differences between the 2 groups (P>0.05). No infection was observed in either group.

Conclusion
Preoperative administration of TXA can reduce surgical hidden blood loss and transfusion rate as well but will not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the surgery of intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA.

Key words:
Tranexamic acid; Hip fractures; Fracture fixation, intramedullary; Bone nails; Postoperative hemorrhage


Carrier profiling of a 400 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor device has been accomplished by combining metal–semiconductor capacitance–voltage profiling techniques with two-dimensional scanning probe microscopy. When a metal probe is brought into contact with a semiconductor, a space-charged depletion region and therefore a capacitor is formed at the junction. By applying a small ac voltage, the voltage derivative of the contact capacitance can be measured with a lock-in amplifier. The amplitude of the derivative signal is a function of the carrier concentration, and the sign gives the type of carrier. The present work concentrates on the two dimensional (2D) carrier profiling of a 400 nm metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor. The results demonstrate that this technique is capable of quantitative 2D characterization of semiconductor devices.


Abstract — The study introduced the concept of countries' digital development in the field of supply chain management (SCM) from the perspective of participation in global supply chains (GSC). A SWOT analysis of the proposed concept was performed, according to which, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the nation's involvement in GSCs were denoted. This research outlined the necessity for creating approaches and programs to ensure the logistics sector's digital growth for developed and developing nations and reduce modern unlevelled threats. The present study statistically verified the hypothesis that the improvement in the country's digital development contributes to the increase in its participation in GSCs. Within the research, indicators that determine the country's digital development in the context of SCM were selected. On their basis, digital profiles of the Russian Federation, Switzerland, Azerbaijan, and Cambodia were created and compared. As a result, the study disclosed competitive strategies in international trade for the countries under consideration. This research presented ways to strengthen the nations' competitive position in the world market and increase their digital competitiveness.