Members of parliamentary institutions have a special feature of their discourse community open to them in argumentation—the use of the public record as an authority for others' exact words. We show how members of the British House of Commons use the oAcial record explicitly to recruit their political opponents' words to promote their own projects. We identify a robust set of elements in which a speaker quotes someone understood to be a political opponent, invoking the unimpeachable source of the parliamentary record. Speakers can exploit the basic framework of the device to emphasize (with dramatic or comic eAect) the identity of the quoted source. The rhetorical eAect in all cases is that such words are especially unchallengeable, and the fact that they are sourced from an opponent's own mouth makes the message they carry immune to attack as interested or partial.


Abstract : This paper updates the design of a semantically directed vision processor. The system will carry out model-directed analysis of outdoor scenes by applying semantic knowledge at an early stage of processing. The goal is to quickly and flexibly interface low-level visual features (e.g., edge detectors, texture and color analyses) and high-level conceptual knowledge (e.g., trees stem from the ground, general knowledge associated with road scenes, and the like) in the perception of complex images. The computational structure for rapidly extracting visual features is called a 'processing cone.' The cone consists of parallel spatial arrays of micro-computing elements, each of which operate on a local window to reduce the data layer by layer. Information flows up, down, and laterally in the cone via a sequence of local parallel operations. Routines for detecting objects will examine the data at the top of the cone and will selectively analyze the lower level mass of data. Rough confidences of the presence of objects in various regions will be passed to the model builder.


Yogyakarta, Indonesia, has various municipal wastewater treatment (IPAL) facilities; however, only 40% are operational. The study examines how IPAL affects groundwater quality and identifies its causes. Ngaglik, one of three province districts with the largest IPAL number and population density, is the research site. This study only measures microbiological groundwater quality based on Total coliforms and Eschericia coli, according to APHA 2017. Inverse distance weighing (IDW) maps microbiological groundwater quality. The results of the study showed that the observed area had Total Coliform values of 0–170 MPN/100 ml and Escherichia coli concentrations of 0–7. Eleven of the twelve test samples met Permenkes drinking water quality requirements No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 and PerGub DIY No. 20 of 2008. Seven E. coli concentration measurements exceeded drinkable water requirements. This study showed that E. coli bacteria may have infiltrated groundwater near the sample site. The incident was the first sign that Kapanewon Ngaglik Municipal IPAL was malfunctioning. This data should help assess and improve the effectiveness of the municipal IPAL at the study site and other local IPALs.


The tourism industry has widely adopted Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to improve service quality, visibility and tourists' experience. The paper demonstrates that GIS is becoming increasingly critical for both the tourism demand and supply. The convergence between the services of Web 3.0 generation, along with the social networking sites, mobile applications, and GIS that operate in Cloud Computing business environment has set a new trend in the IT field. However, the growth of spatial data availability has provided a strong stimulus to the development and usage of georeferenced web applications in tourism. The use case model for B2B2C Destination Management System with interactive tourist maps is represented


Because there is some sporadic tasks in the CNC system and the CNC system is sensitive to data,the CPU may overload aperiodic.In the case,some real-time task would break their deadline,and decrease the quality of machining.For increasing the steadiness of CNC system,we advance a dynamical scheduling model that is close loop.The model is PES-ACNR(Priority-based Elastic Scheduling-Admission control of Non-Real-time tasks).It aims at the mixed tasks set.PES-ACNR can adjust the period of soft real-time task,according to the CPU utilization and the lost rate.And it can ensure the CPU utilization below the reference value.For decreasing the mount of disturbance to hard real-time tasks,we introduce a strategy of task admission.While the lost rate exceed during several sampling periods,the strategy would forbid some non-real-time tasks.We elaborate the architecture and algorithms of the PES-ACNR,and implement the model in the RTAI.At last,some experiments illustrate the validity of the scheme.It can improve the steadiness and the ability of adapting of the CNC system.


An Actinomycete strain 08A4 was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the South China Sea.Combined with morphological method and 16S rDNA sequence analyses it was initially identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus.Three antifungal activity compounds were isolated and purified from its fermentation broth and preliminarily identified as antimycins by means of 1H-NMR,which could inhibit many plant pathogens.


Reports have identified changes in abiotic factors that potentially affect forest growth. A synthesis of studies of thesechanges in Canada over the past century was undertaken to evaluate how these factors may be influencing forest growth.Reviewed papers used multiple sources of data including long-term inventory plots, tree-ring reconstructions, historicalgeographic data, and forest growth models. The synthesis showed that several positive growth trends were found inBritish Columbia and eastern Canada, while results from the western interior of Canada were mixed. Trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides Michx.) dieback has been noted due to severe and prolonged drought events, with growth reduc-tions and mortality also documented for conifers in the western interior. Studies have also found slow forest expansionin many areas and at the northern tree-line. Overall, authors attributed positive forest growth trends to rising CO₂ con-centrations, N deposition, increased precipitation, and increased temperature. Growth declines were generally attributedto a combination of increased temperatures and reduced precipitation. Studies also differed due to time periods consid-ered and how age effects were corrected. Methodological issues were identified that led to contradictory results betweensome studies. These issues need further study.


A 68 year old man who recently travelled from Sierra Leone to Germany via Belgium has been diagnosed with Lassa fever


Bogotá, Colombia, is internationally known for recent innovations in public transportation, namely, the Transmilenio bus rapid transit system. Transmilenio carries close to 1.3 million trips per day, or 20% of bus trips in the city, on an 84-km network. Transmilenio's original plan called for implementing a system that covered the entire city, replacing the previous bus system. However, the institutional arrangement for service pro-vision in the traditional bus system is plagued with negative incentives that lead to poor-quality service, oversupply of buses, and inflated fares. In addition, the government agency in charge of controlling the traditional bus system is weak and lacks the authority to carry out the required policies. The result is a pervasive oversupply of buses despite Transmilenio's efforts to reduce it and powerful vested interests that have organized against the project. As a result, the analysis suggests that Transmilenio's original plan faces obstacles that can hamper the implementation of future stages because of the problems in the traditional mode. This paper analyzes Bogotá's current public transportation situation and seeks to draw lessons for cities in developing countries, particularly Latin America, that try to replicate Bogotá's reforms. Although the paper does not question Transmilenio's success, it does raise issues that need to be addressed to make bus rapid transit planning and public transit reform more effective.


Genomics is the future of cosmetic dermatology. For many, the word genomics brings to mind a science fiction movie where humans are altered genetically by aliens to create a new master race. These alter genes code for green skin, purple eyes, supplemental gills for breathing, excessive aggression, and superhuman strength. Others may conjure up an image of genetically engineered diseases that infect through skin contact inadvertently wiping out humanity. Yet, others think of genomics as a way of culturing a new coat of youthful human skin ready to transplant over an aging face for total appearance rejuvenation. These ideas are commonplace in Hollywood, but do not represent the current use of genomics in cosmetic dermatology. Genomics is being used to understand the skin changes that occur with aging, to investigate the effects of new ingredients on photodamage, and to investigate the unique attributes of skin that ages gracefully. Each of us possesses a unique genome that codes for all of the proteins that compose our physical appearance and mental functioning, but examining this code does not tell all. Each of us contains a double genetic code, one derived maternally and the other derived paternally. Both codes cannot be simultaneously expressed; thus, we are mosaics. Mitochondria are the only body structure totally derived from one parent, and this structure comes from the mother. While computers can claim that they are powered by ''Intel inside,'' all children in the world are powered by ''mother inside.'' A fact I never let my children forget! Aging of the skin may also be determined by a mosaic effect. Why do some Fitzpatrick skin type I individuals experience frequent actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas while others with relatively similar lifetime sun exposure have no precancer or cancer history? There must be something different about how the melanin dissipates oxidative insults protecting the cellular DNA in the fair complected person with minimal sun damage. Genomics can be used to gain a better understanding of the skin protective mechanisms and how products might be designed to enhance defective mechanisms. Imagine if the defective DNA excision repair in xeroderma pigmentosa could be better understood such that DNA excision repair could be enhanced in normal persons with a predilection for skin cancer. This is one of the promises of genomics for cosmetic dermatology. A second promise is the use of genomics to understand how young skin is different from aging skin on a cellular level. Dermatologists readily recognize the smooth, evencolored skin of youth that visibly contrasts with the dyspigmented, rough wrinkles skin of photoaging. Gene analysis of sun-protected young skin, sun-protected mature skin, sun-exposed young skin, and sun-exposed mature skin has been valuable in understanding the changes in gene expression with aging. The upregulation and downregulation of collagenase, interleukins, matrix metalloproteinases, and prostaglandins have helped to better understand intrinsic and extrinsic aging. This type of genomic analysis provides a cellular understanding of aging creating targets for cosmeceutical ingredients. Gene families for aging are being defined that form the basis for skin appearance. The third promise of genomics is the ability to test new ingredients for their value in photoaging. Once the targets have been identified, genomics can be used to investigate the effect of various topical agents on aging skin. For example, engineered peptides can be placed in fibroblast cultures to determine their ability to modulate fibroblast functioning. One family of peptides that was tested in this manner is known as signal peptides, which were found to stimulate collagen, elastin, fibronectin, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan production creating the appearance of younger looking skin. For example, palmitoyl pentapeptide, composed of the amino acids lysine, threonine, threonine, lysine, and serine, is a procollagen I fragment demonstrated to stimulate the production of collagen I, III, and IV in vitro. This was determined in part by analyzing the substances found in the culture plate after exposure to the signaling peptide with a gene chip. The gene chip allows the rapid identification of thousands of cellular changes, which


Airships have been revived towards the end of 20th century. Airships have found numerous applications other than sightseeing and advertising. Autonomous control of airships is one of the areas where scientific research and development has gained tremendous attention in the recent years. This paper describes a methodology to simulate both the dynamics and control of an airship using virtual platforms-ROS and Gazebo. Gazebo is used to model the dynamics of the airship and ROS is used to develop a motion control algorithm.


Agriculture is an axis of socio-economic development of the area of Denguele, Cote d'Ivoire. The evaluation of a project carried out as part of an agricultural campaign requires the handling of large amounts of heterogeneous data for effective monitoring. The design of an appropriate management tool is needed to organize and communicate information useful for decision making. The aim of this work is to provide a useful tool for a better management of information related to mechanical and motorized equipment used for rice cultivation capable to assure the food security in the application area. The solution involves the use of a geodatabase, which implicates the design and implementation of data in a relational database system. The data were modelled according to the Entity-Relationship formalism based on the MERISE method. The implementation of GIS under ArcGIS platform is used to display and map requests. The result of this work is a user-friendly interface that allows easy entry and querying the database for better decision making. This tool highlights the benefits of implementing a GIS application coupled with a relational database management system as part of a motorized agricultural campaign.


An improved Shear Stress Transport(SST) model, which allows for the compressible corrections, is proposed in this study. Numerical scheme was established by taking advantage of the improved Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme and by applying implicit scheme to the negative source terms of the turbulence model. Hypersonic flat-plate boundary-layer flows and hypersonic compression ramp flows marked with separation, reattachment and shock/boundary-layer interactions are then computed. The comparisons between the computational results, the experimental results and the semi-empirical formulations show that the compressible correction term of the SST turbulence model is the scalar product of the weighted density average of the turbulent fluctuating velocity and the pressure gradients of the average flow field correlation quantities. In addition, for flow with separation and without separation, calculation results of wall pressures, friction coefficients and wall heat transfer rate distributions using the improved model and established scheme agree better with the experimental results than that using the original SST model.


The complex function theory is engendered owing to that the real number domain extends to the complex domain.And the effect of the extension of number domain goes deep into the mathematic branches,such as: mathematics,differential equations,analysis situs,etc.The complex function put emphasis on studying analysis function in which its real part and false part are interrelated instead of independent.This fact marks the fundamental distinction between the analysis function and the real function.Some notions embedded in real function could be used to solve complex function questions,These notions including:the function continuity,the conception of function derivative,has(does not have) the function,theorem of mean,Taylor development,fundamental primary functions,etc.In the thesis,the author explores the differences between real function and complex function from the above-mentioned perspectives.


With the rapid progress of VLSI technology FPGAs' performance efficiency has become the main concern of designers and manufacturers. Our goal in this work is to propose a new FPGA structure to reduce critical net delay without increasing routing area. The augmented connection box is proposed. It allows two different signals to share one track in a connection box by inserting additional switches where logic pins have connection with tracks. The experimental results prove that the augmented connection box improves FPGAs' delay performance by avoiding detour when nets are routed and the possible delay increase incurred by switch addition does not happen. Also channel width is reduced a lot


Mating flashes provide excellent clues for recognizing biological species of fireflies. Since Photuris species also flash in contexts in which species-specificity would appear to be irrelevant, mating flashes must be distinguished; since the parameters of mating flashes that do not encode species information may vary considerably, these signals must be critically analyzed. The use of mating flashes for species recognition has spatial and temporal limitations.


A series of donor-bridge-acceptor systems has been designed to give information on how the medium between the donor and the acceptor influences the excitation energy transfer process. The donor and the acceptor are zinc and free base porphyrins, respectively. The systems were obtained by a synthetic strategy that guarantees a precise state of metalation, i.e. by a building block approach in which a third chromophore is formed as the two porphyrins are covalently linked together in a geometrically well defined structure. The porphyrins are linked by one of the three different bridge chromophores; 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene, or 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)-substituted benzene or naphthalene. The different units were assembled using copper-free, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes. Reference compounds that correspond to different parts of the systems have also been prepared.


This paper presents an optimal radial basic function (RBF) neural network for fast restoration of distribution systems under different load levels. Basically, service restoration of distribution systems is a stressful and urgent task that must be performed by system operators. In this paper, a RBF network evolved by an enhanced differential evolution (EDE) algorithm is developed to achieve the fast restoration of distribution systems. The proposed scheme comprises training data creation phase and network construction phase. In the training data creation phase, a heuristic-based fuzzy inference (HBFI) method is employed to build the restoration plans under various load levels. Then an optimal RBF network is constructed by the EDE algorithm in the network construction phase. Once the RBF network is constructed properly, the desired restoration plan can be produced as soon as the inputs are given. The proposed method has been verifiedd on a typical distribution system of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Results show the proposed method can provide better convergence performance and forecasting accuracy than the existing methods.


Ling Mengchu knew well about the in justice that existed in the imperial examinations.In "Liang Pai" he showed great sympathy for those who were unable to bring their talent into full play. In particular he eulogized those talents and there who knew talents well. He advocated that one should be used as long as he had some ability. He demanded that the imperical government open the door wide and choose the best talents. This viewpoint was progressive in that historical period of time.


ABSTRACT How do press-party parallelism dynamics unfold in media systems that experience competitive authoritarianism? We analyze the content of news coverage of political parties across four consecutive national election campaigns in Turkey (2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015) to track changes in press-party parallelism. We explore three dimensions of press-party parallelism in order to study its dynamics: visibility of political parties, the effective number of parties represented in newspapers, and lastly, favorability toward political parties. First, within each campaign cycle, as election day approaches, visibility of the incumbent party increases while the visibility of other parties tends to decline. Likewise, the incumbent party's visibility increases across the four elections we study. Second, for all newspaper groups, the number of parties that receive favorable or unfavorable coverage declines over consecutive election terms. Third, the incumbent party is the only that gains in terms of positive coverage within and across each election campaign period. Taken together, we show evidence for press-party parallelism dynamics in a competitive authoritarian country.


Rustum Roy recently observed that, operating from a finite number of elements, materials science faces an over-supply problem, too many scientists, and too few elements. Like all Malthusian dilemmas, relief is unlikely within the assumptions. Materials scientists, however, enjoy opportunities to develop new materials through morphological engineering of traditional substances. Carbon, after all, provided a century of progress for polymer chemists and a revolution in the manufacturing world. The trend from atomic- to molecular- to chain-level engineering can obviously be extended to mesostructure engineering and beyond. The tailoring of porosity is an example of such an extension. This issue of the MRS Bulletin examines the concept of engineered porosity from three perspectives. Smith, Hua, and Earl discuss characterization based on classic gas adsorption and more recent NMR and scattering methods. Two articles, one by Harold and Lee, and the other by Fain, look at the pore structure requirements for important applications, reactive separations and gas separation. Finally, the materials science of engineered porosity is discussed in four articles. Even describes emulsion-derived foams in which surface-active species impose micron-scale structure that is retained during polymerization. Shapovalov broadly reviews methods to introduce porosity in metals. Durian discusses recent work on relaxation phenomena in aqueous foams. Finally, I review the factors that control structure in mesoporous aerogels.


In situ observations of the melting processes of dislocation-free silicon crystals were carried out using x-ray topography technique. Heating procedures with various heating rates were used in the experiments. Dot contrasts were observed during the melting process at a high heating rate, while they could not be found at a low heating rate. It was found that the melting process at a high heating rate is spatially inhomogeneous, while that at a low heating rate is homogeneous. It was also found that the oxygen concentration in the sample plays an important role in the formation of dot contrasts during the melting process. The dot contrasts were assumed to originate from the dislocation loops around the oxygen precipitates.


The present invention relates to a cross flow cooling tower, and a control method for reducing white smoke and power, is configured where one of the top or one side of the exhaust region 14, the exhaust is in communication the exhaust zone 14 to flow to, dry heat exchange chamber having an air outlet end (47) formed on the other end with the inlet port 46 is formed in the area of the dry heat exchange region defining wall, the dry heat exchange zone (41) for partitioning (41); Dry heat exchange unit includes a first dry and a heat exchange section (50a), a first dry heat exchange section (50a) a second dry heat exchange section (50b bottom surface or one that from either side of the side forming an exhaust bypass flow passage 16 of the ) divided by the dry heat exchanger is disposed in the area 41; Is provided between the face and the exhaust bypass flow passage 16, the first dry heat exchange section (50a) and the second dry heat exchange section (50b) bypassing the exhaust opening and closing part for opening and closing the exhaust gas to bypass flowing into the exhaust bypass flow passage (16); Directly to any one of the high temperature fluid inlet pipe (81b) is connected to the first dry heat exchange section (50a) and the second dry heat exchange unit (50b) or a high temperature fluid inlet pipe (81c) is associated spray unit (30a, 30b) a high temperature operation of the hot fluid pump position (111) operation (oN) and stop (OFF) operating linkage in accordance with the control signal interlocking control unit 110, the interworking control unit 110 for operating the high temperature fluid pump 170 for supplying the fluid (oN), and operating linkage according to the link control signal of the stop (OFF), and wet cooling operation mode for controlling the high temperature fluid cooling unit wet heat (122), a first dry heat exchange section (50a) and a second dry-heat exchanger ( 50b) white smoke reduction operation mode 123 to control the white smoke reduction, the first consisting of the dry heat exchange section (50a) and a second dry-heat exchanger (dry-cooling operation mode (124 for controlling the high temperature fluid cooling of 50b)) cross-flow for reducing plume and the power control unit comprising a cooling tower 100 with the operation mode control unit 120, a cooling tower and a control And the method characterized. In the by, cross flow cooling tower heat exchange area and the exhaust area of the size (width and height) of the parts of the dry heat exchange to reduce the white smoke with no increase can be efficiently composed of, in communication the exhaust gas flowing to the exhaust region defined dry heat exchange zone of by constructing in the upper or side portion of the venting zone and to minimize the effective dry heat and the dry heat exchange section occupied space wet cooling operation when the dry heat exchange fluid to bypass a substantial amount of non-resistance the exhaust prior to passage portion to exhaust port and high-temperature flowing parts of dry heat It passes to block the fluid it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the ventilation fan and the high temperature fluid pump sikieo reduce the flow resistance of the exhaust and the high temperature fluid, a water tank to a cooling fluid passing through the dry heat exchange during the dry cooling operation bypass flow sikieo wet heat exchange section It saves the water corresponding to the evaporation and scattering loss caused with, and operation costs And the saving, there is provided a liquid cooling operation, white smoke reduction operation, a dry cooling operation and a cross-flow cooling towers to reduce the cooling fluid bypasses white lead and power flow in the operation can be efficiently controlled, and a control method.


The element phosphorus plays key role in plants met abolism. It is widely used as fertilizer. This element is usually found in insoluble forms (C a10(PO4)6F2). The solubilization in phosphoric acid and/or superphosphates (SSP or TSP) processes are widely used in the fertilizer industry. Impurities (also called contam inants) contained in phosphates exert a significant influence on the processing of fertiliz ers as well as the quality of intermediates and final products. The objective of this work was to a nalyze the influence of some of these main impurities (iron, aluminum and magnesium) in the pr oduction chain TSPG fertilizer, which is the production of phosphoric acid, the acidulation of TSP and finally granulation of TSPG. Bench experiments were performed at each step. The contaminants concentrations from processing steps are interrelated in order to achie ve a systemic analysis of the processing chain. The premises for the application of methodol gies were playing the most typical parameters from industrial application. Igneous pho s ate concentrate was used in the experiments. For contaminants concentrations variat ions were used magnetite (Fe 2O3 source), the metal aluminum (Al 2O3 source) and magnesium hydroxide (MgO source). Redu ctions in conversions, increases in viscosity and density of phosphoric acid were observed with increasing presence of these impurities. In the pho s gypsum filtration there was found an increase in resistivity of the cake with the increa s of the impurities content. The iron mineral element promoted an increase in induction time of c rystals nucleation. The increasing impurities concentration in the TSP acidulation cau sed reductions in P 2O5 conversions (Neutral Ammonium Citrate soluble and Water Soluble ), that caused the increased levels of residual phosphoric acid and free moisture in the T SP. An analysis of the specification for the TSP granulation in TSPG presented upper limit of im purities (MER) from phosphate concentrate around 0.15. The granulation of TSPG sh owed effects from the TSP, i.e., higher levels of residual phosphoric acid in the TSP assig ned greater hardness, higher hygroscopicity and higher granulation factor to TSPG. The bench te sts reproduced the current industrial setting.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized treatment mechanism capable of making a treater perform kneading, pinching and massaging. SOLUTION: The treatment mechanism comprises: a first arm 11 and a second arm 12 provided so that they can be swung around a swing axial center C1 extending to the user side and distal ends can be close and separated to/from each other; a single driving means 5 provided with a single drive shaft 5a for rotationally driving the drive shaft 5a; and an eccentric cam 7. The treater 3 is attached to the distal end of the first arm 11 and the treater 4 is attached to the distal end of the second arm 12. The eccentric cam 7 converts the rotary movement of the drive shaft 5a to the movement of swinging the first arm 11 and the second arm 12 around the swing axial center C1 and the movement of bringing the first arm 11 and the second arm 12 close and separating them. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Objective: Numerous studies using experimental animals have also confirme the important role of hippcompus somatostatinergic systems in cognitive processes. The purpose of this study was to see if a significant loss of Hippcampus Somatostatin-Containing Neurons of neurons after experimental diffuse brain injury(DBI). Methods: The present study adapted the model which Marmarou et al. developed a model of brain impact-acceleration injury were exained by adjusting the height of the falling weight to either 1m(mild injury group) or 2m(severe injury group). Morphological studies were performed in serial sections, using immunohistochemical SP staining methood for somatostatin-containing neurons. Result: The number of somatostatin-containing neurons in hippocamus were apparently decreased as compared with control group(P0.01). The number of neurons in severe injury group was apparently decreased as compared with mild injury group(P0.01). The loss of neurons at two weeks is apparently different from those at one week after insult(P0.01 or P0.05). Conclusion: A significant and apparenty selective loss of hippocamus somatostatin-containing neurons following DAI is demonstrated in this study. This type of injury may be one of important pathological changes of cognitive dysfunction after diffuse brain injury. Meanwhile, second injury play a very important role in the loss of this type neurons.


The gradual channel approximation is widely used for organic field-effect transistors with an assumption of linear potential profile across the channel. However, this is in contradiction with reported potential profiles. Here, we discuss linear and nonlinear potential profiles in the meaning of the space-charge field generated by injected carriers. The influence on current-voltage relation used for mobility evaluation in linear and saturated regions is proposed as well as transition between these states. In addition, the effect of the space-charge on the potential drop and field around the drain electrode in the saturation region is discussed.


We investigate the Peterson hit problem for the polynomial algebra P d , viewed as a graded left module over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra, A . For d > 4, this problem is still unsolved, even in the case of d = 5 with the help of computers. In this article, we study the hit problem for the case d = 6 in the generic degree 6 ( 2 r − 1 ) + 6.2 r , with r an arbitrary non-negative integer. Furthermore, the behavior of the sixth Singer algebraic transfer in degree 6 ( 2 r − 1 ) + 6.2 r is also discussed at the end of this paper.


As a novel natural compound delivery system, liposomes are capable of incorporating lipophilic bioactive compounds with enhanced compound solubility, stability and bioavailability, and have been successfully translated into real-time clinical applications. To construct the soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)–cholesterol (Chol) liposome system, the optimal formulation was investigated as 3:1 of SPC to Chol, 10% mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A) and 1% betulinic acid. Results show that liposomes with or without betulinic acid or MEL-A are able to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells with a dose-effect relation remarkably. In addition, the modification of MEL-A in liposomes can significantly promote cell apoptosis and strengthen the destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Liposomes containing MEL-A and betulinic acid have exhibited excellent anticancer activity, which provide factual basis for the development of MEL-A in the anti-cancer applications. These results provide a design thought to develop delivery liposome systems carrying betulinic acid with enhanced functional and pharmaceutical attributes.


C oronary ostial stenosis or atresia (COSA, a new acronym) is a spectrum of rare developmental conditions with different pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical implications. Together, the various forms of COSA should be considered a subclass of congenital coronary artery anomalies (CAAs). Although COSA includes various entities, these entities have two features in common. First, the defect is congenital, although it may progress during pre-natal and postnatal life. Second, the developmental defect causes ostial or proximal coronary obstruction (that is, stenosis or atresia). A fundamental distinction must be made between COSA and a related condition that involves the ectopic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite coronary artery (which is frequently, although erroneously, called "single coronary artery"). Here, I present an in-depth discussion of COSA (Table I) to aid the clinical understanding and management of individual cases. By definition, COSA is congenital; however, in some clinical adult cases, it can be difficult to determine whether a given defect has been present since birth. Also, total or partial-obstruction COSA might not be recognized until late after birth, by which time mild or nonexistent functional stenosis at birth might have become severe or totally occlusive (atretic). In adult patients with coronary ostial or proximal coronary stenosis, it can be diff icult to rule out acquired causes, such as arteritis, which can produce conditions morphologically similar to COSA; for example, atherosclerotic, syphilitic, Kawasaki, and Takayasu aortitis have all been cited as causes of acquired ostial stenosis or occlusion. The absence of significant risk factors for atherosclerosis is relevant to the diagnosis of COSA but, by itself, is inconclusive. Coronary ostial stenosis or atresia affects the left coronary artery (L-COSA) more frequently than it does the right coronary artery (R-COSA). The aortic ostium in a case of COSA can be in the normal location or at an ectopic site. When the left ostium is located at a sinus of Valsalva that is abnormal for the distal coronary distribution, the case is one of anomalous coronary artery origin from the opposite sinus with intramural course (ACAOS), in which the proximal "crossing" trunk is stenotic because it is located intramurally (passing to the correct side of the heart, taking a tangential direction off the ostium, and lying within the aortic wall). Other features present in some cases of COSA include an ostial dimple (a rudiment of the coronary ostium that is usually followed more distally by proximal coronary stem atresia) and a blind distal left main trunk, which is best appreciated upon computed tomographic angiography. In COSA, the presence of only 1 or 2 full-diameter connecting collateral vessels (without narrowing at the transition between the providing and the receiving vessel, as shown in Fig. 1) is suggestive of congenital origin in any given case of ostial stenosis or atresia. In contrast, in cases of postnatally acquired collateral vessels, one should expect a rich network of channels that typically involves all of the septal, infundibular, and atrial branches. In addition, such acquired collateral vessels enlarge progressively after birth, and they are typically smaller than the distal recipient vessels; this "stepup phenomenon" is typically observed only in postnatally acquired collateral vessels. Collateral vessels with similar features occur in atherosclerotic occlusion of coronary vessels, as well as in anomalous origin of the left or the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Editorial Commentary


There are several environmental conditions from East and North Kalimantan transmission lines which are considered for selecting the type of insulators. To ensure the reliability of the insulator equipment, then the pollution level of the insulator in East and North Kalimantan is categorized as Heavy Pollution Level. The composite insulator is used because it can give a good performance in pollution conditions due to the hydrophobicity properties. Under heavy pollution conditions, it is recommended to increase the creepage distance of the composite insulator by setting the profile parameter according to IEC TS 60815-3 to be an alternating shield. The total recommended creepage distance for East and North Kalimantan is $\ge$ 4650 mm. The composite insulator also must have tensile strength $\ge$ 108.1 kN for double hawk and $\ge$ 174.65 kN for double zebra conductor. Epoxy resin with ECR glass has higher resistance due to a brittle fracture and better performance mechanical load than E glass. Lightweight does not make composite insulators have no any risk in handling. Mishandling can damage the housing and reduce the creepage distance or even eliminate hydrophobic properties. So it needs the right handling procedure to keep the quality.


The display device and display his image method is disclosed. The memory stores one or more images, the communication unit receives the USB video signal transmitted through a USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable from an external apparatus, if the booting is the start of an external device, it receives the particular command signal from an external device, a main control section that upon receiving the command signal via the communication determination is made that the external device is booted, and the image is displayed on the screen is stored. Display devices, image, computer, boot


Effects of moderate nutrient enrichment (NO3− : <5 µmol L−1, PO43‐ : <0.3 µmol L−1) on two carbon (C) fixation rates (photosynthesis and calcification) of the zooxanthellate coral Acropora pulchra were investigated under laboratory conditions. The coral branches were incubated in the nutrient condition for three different periods (0, 5, 10 d) to observe changes in tissue biomass and zooxanthellate chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. Next, the incubated corals were simultaneously transferred to nutrient‐depleted seawater containing 13C‐labeled dissolved inorganic carbon to assay net photosynthesis and calcification rates. Chl a concentration per unit surface area increased 2.6‐fold for the 10‐d enrichment, and net photosynthetic rates were also stimulated up to a similar level (2.8‐fold). Tissue biomass of the host coral and zooxanthellae was approximately doubled during the period. On the other hand, calcification rates only increased 1.3‐fold, suggesting that even moderate nutrient loading resulted in one‐sided enhancement of the algal photosynthetic activity. The measured C fixation ratios of organic C: skeletal C were higher than the structural ratios, and the inconsistency became greater as Chl a concentration increased. The increased photosynthetic products could be excessively stored in the organic tissue and/or released into the ambient seawater.


The study of driver behavior and associated accidents has been of interest to researchers and insurance companies. From the perspective of insurance companies, identifying factors that contribute to traffic violations plays a significant role in providing insurance quotes as it establishes the basis for charging appropriate insurance rates to customers. This study assesses the traffic violations intensity for 64 counties in the state of Florida, USA by using the publicly available traffic violations data set. This data set consists of 3,669,796 records with 11 attributes, which include race, gender, driver's age, type of driving violation, etc. The 187 types of traffic violations are categorized into 11 broad traffic violations categories. Two machine learning algorithms, factor analysis and k-means clustering, were applied in this study. After applying factor analysis, a new comprehensive traffic violation index (TVI) was developed, which quantified the traffic violation intensity of each county. All the counties in the data set were ranked with the TVI scores, and the counties with high TVI scores were identified. K-means clustering algorithm was then applied to the same data, and four clusters of counties were derived. The counties that were grouped in each cluster were compared with the TVI scores to check if the counties in each cluster had similar TVI scores. The counties with the highest TVI scores are found to be grouped in one cluster, followed by counties with the next high TVI scores in the second cluster, and so on. Thus, it is observed that there is a perfect match in the results of both models. They serve as two techniques complementary to each other, in that the k-means clustering method groups counties with comparable traffic violation intensities and factor analysis is able to also rank individual counties according to the TVI. These techniques have identified the counties with high traffic violation intensities, which helps the policymakers to take adequate measures for traffic management.


This year we are meeting in Agra for the 23rd Annual conference of the Indian Academy of Neurology. Dr. P K Maheswari and his team have left no stone unturned to make this meeting a success. The academy has taken every effort to ensure that the scientific program is of high standards and beneficial to all attendees. The Annals has brought out the abstracts of the scientific presentations in this supplement. We wish the meeting all success and hope that all participants will enjoy the meeting.


In the dual - wavelength interferometer , the traditional equivalent wavelength method only uses the difference information between two single wavelength wrapped phases , and ignores their size as well as positive and negative information. The effective wavelength method based on the least common multiple directly uses the wrapped phase information of multiple single wavelengths , and thus not only it can achieve a larger unambiguous measurement range than the traditional equivalent wavelength method , but also it has no error amplification effect. However , the existing least common multiple effective wavelength phase unwrapping algorithm is mainly based on the look - up table method , which is slow and not suitable for a practical measurement. In this paper , a new algorithm is proposed , which can greatly improve the calculation speed of the least common effective wavelength method , so that it can be applied in dual - wavelength or multi - wavelength interferometers.


London: Frank Cass, 2002. 140 pp. $24.50. In an era in which the United States is Israel's closest friend, ally, and military supplier, it is often hard to remember a time when that was not the case. But before 1967 Israel depended on arms from various European countries. Relations with the United States were good, but sometimes quite tense, such as during and after the Suez crisis in 1956 and 1957. During the challenging 1948-1967 period, the U.S. was extremely reluctant to make arms available to Israel. Since the Israeli government, and particularly Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, understood well (and presciently) that European suppliers might not prove dependable in the long run, efforts were made to develop sources in the American market. These efforts were stymied at first by various foreign policy considerations and the strong opposition of key elements in the U.S. security and foreign affairs establishment. Although President Dwight D. Eisenhower began to appreciate Israel's strategic significance during his second term, it was only with the advent of the presidency of John F. Kennedy that a serious opportunity arose. It has been widely assumed that 1967 was a watershed in terms of arms sales. However, as Ben-Zvi points out, developments were taking place between 1958 and 1967, with the key initiative occurring under Kennedy in 1962. He links the thinking of Eisenhower, his Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and Kennedy, asserting that all came to appreciate Israel's strategic significance, the eventual justification for the approval of arms sales. Despite the evolution of their ideas and Israel's realization that it needed the U.S. as an arms supplier, gaining approval from President Kennedy for the first deal, however limited in nature, was extremely difficult, with numerous obstacles to overcome. The eventual decision to sell Hawk missiles to Israel was a sharp and abrupt departure from longstanding U.S. positions. Ben-Zvi artfully describes the decision making process, stressing the unflagging opposition of the State Department to any deal, surprising flexibility in the Pentagon, the critical role of presidential advisor Myer Feldman, and the ever-present "electoral considerations." Indeed a recurrent theme of the book is that JFK perceived that his moves would lead to electoral gains for him. As a result, when the chips were down, he was able to overrule Secretary of State Dean Rusk and push the deal through. The author carefully and persuasively documents his contentions, drawing heavily on newly available governmental archives in the United States and Israel. Some of the author's findings are surprising and challenge received wisdom. For example, he demonstrates how Israel was transformed from a liability in the eyes of policy makers during the first Eisenhower term into a strategic asset during the second (as a counterweight to Egypt). That argument resembles the one advanced some years ago by A.F.K. Organski in The $36 Billion Bargain: Strategy and Politics in U.S. Assistance to Israel. Another finding was that Feldman, using his leverage as a White House insider, was able to outflank an array of heavyweight bureaucratic opponents, including McGeorge Bundy, the president's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, Rusk, Assistant Secretary of State Phillips Talbot, and Robert Komer, a National Security Council staffer. …


Background Myocardial fibrosis is a potential pathophysiological mechanism leading to systemic right ventricular (SRV) deterioration. We hypothesize that circulating levels of collagen deposition markers are elevated in patients with SRV remodeling and this elevation may have a predictive value. Methods We prospectively evaluated 56 patients with D-TGA after the atrial switch procedure (mean age 25.6 ± 4.8, range 18–37 years; 67% males). Serum levels of procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), collagen type I carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CITP), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 1, MMP 9) and a tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP 1) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were measured and compared with healthy controls. The relationship between these serum markers, echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance parameters and the outcome at a follow-up of 61 months (range, 24–85 months) was determined. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the study group had significantly higher levels of TIMP1, PIIINP, CITP, PINP and NT-pro-BNP (p<0.05, each). The levels of PIIINP and CITP were significantly higher among patients with an SRV mass index above the mean value. The level of PIIINP was significantly higher among patients with an SRV EDV index above the mean value. CITP was significantly elevated in SRV late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) positive patients, compared to patients without SRV LGE. MMP9 and TIMP1 predicted an adverse clinical outcome on univariate Cox proportional hazard survival analysis in addition to well proven predictors of outcome (SRV EF and NYHA). Conclusions We demonstrated a pattern of altered collagen turnover adversely related with the indices of SRV remodeling and an adverse clinical outcome in patients with SRV.


Many different types of robots have been developed to facilitate our lives, such as those used in industrial production. However, most robots operate by following human instructions or programs rather than by acting naturally that the action are not behave by robot learning. Conversely, these actions be convinced by the human. Thus, the present research was undertaken as a step toward achieving a natural robot action through consciousness-based architecture (CBA). Our CBA system imitates animal consciousness. Here we present the implementation of a facial expression recognition system that uses constrained local models (CLMs) to fit facial features together with hidden Markov models (HMMs) to classify and recognize emotions. We propose an approach and present our CLM experimental results including time efficiency and accuracy together with the experimental results of emotion recognition such as time efficiency and a confusion matrix. The present experiment demonstrates that our proposed system is an efficient personal facial expression recognition method with the result of the recognition correctness as 96.43 percent.


Microstructures of phosphorus-doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are certainly dependent on the thickness of the H2 plasma-treated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers. An ultrathin H-treated a-Si:H layer is beneficial in obtaining a very thin μc-Si:H film with high conductivity. Experimental results indicate that H2 plasma treatment induces the occurrence of high-pressure H2 in microvoids and causes compressive stress inside the ultrathin a-Si:H layers, thereby enhancing the generation of strained Si–Si bonds and nucleation sites and consequently accelerating the nucleation of μc-Si:H films.


The invention relates to a multi-band antenna fin (1) for a vehicle. For this purpose, the multi-band fin antenna (1) at least one transmitting and one receiving antenna element (2, 3, 4) from the group AM / FM antenna, telephone and RKE antennas (2), the GPS antenna (3), SDARS antenna (4), stacked patch antenna, DAP-antennas, wireless antenna, WIMAX antenna or antenna on DRM. The antenna elements (2, 3, 4) are under a common fin-shaped outer cover (5) on the outside of the vehicle. The fin-shaped outer cover (5) internally comprises an antenna circuit board (6), on which the antenna elements (2, 3, 4) are arranged on. Electronic adjustment or amplifier circuits (7) with transceiver, radio tuner or receivers are arranged on both the upper side and lower side of the antenna board (6). Shielding plates (8) which arranged the adjustment or amplifier circuits (7) with transceiver, radio tuner or receiver relative to the antenna elements (2, 3, 4) are shielded on the upper side of the antenna board (6). Plus exist at this multi-band antenna at least one digital data port.


The Samail ophiolite in Oman is the largest, best-exposed, and most-studied ophiolite in the world. The Scientific Drilling in the Samail Ophiolite has been approved by the International Continental Drilling Project. In the presentation, we introduce the scientific objectives, geology of the potential sites, and practical and educational perspectives of the proposal. The scientific objectives are as follows: quantify 1) the nature and timing of solid upwelling beneath a spreading ridge using crystal shape and lattice preferred orientation data systematically collected on core from the periphery of a mantle diaper, 2) the nature and structural relationships of melt transport features in the shallow mantle, to evaluate mechanisms that focus transport from a melting region to the ridge, 3) chemical variability deformation structures in the crust-mantle transition zone and plutonic lower crust, to determine the depth of crystallization, the nature of ductile flow, and mechanisms of melt transport to the lower crust through the MOHO, 4) hydrothermal alteration and cooling of the plutonic lower crust using mineral compositions, diffusion profiles, and stable isotopes to determine the importance of hydrothermal convection in heat and mass transfer and 5) investigate processes in the critical dike-gabbro transition via study of cross-cutting igneous relationships, metamorphic mineral assemblages, and geochemical alteration, for igneous and metamorphic processes at oceanic spreading centers. The drillings can also adders 1) mass transfer from subducted sediments into overlying peridotite via petrologic and geochemical studies, with special focus on carbon cycling, and 2) ongoing-subsurface alteration of mantle peridotite, including fluid compositions, hydrology, characterization of fracture and vein spacing, studies of mineral assemblages formed by carbonation, hydration (serpentinization) and oxidation and resulting mass transfer, and characterization of the subsurface microbial biosphere that derives energy from catalysis of low temperature alteration. Lead proponents are Peter B. Kelemen, Jurg Matter and Damon A. Teagle. Other principal investigators are Raeid Abed, Ali Al Rajhi, Shoji Arai, Wolfgang Bach, Kier Becker, Francoise Boudier, Georges Ceuleneer, Laurence Coogan, Kathyrn Gillis, Marguerite Godard, Steve Goldstein, Philippe Gouze, Greg Hirth, Albrecht Hofmann, Benoit Ildefonse, Bjorn Jamtveit, Frieder Klein, Jurgen Koepke, Charles Langmuir, Chris MacLeod, Craig Manning, Katsu Michibayashi, Jay Miller, Sumio Miyashita, Sobhi Nasir, Adolphe Nicolas, Matthew Schrenk, Barbara Sherwood-Lollar, Everett Shock, Satish Singh, Rob Sohn, Martin Stute, Eiichi Takazawa, Alexis Templeton, Susumu Umino, Jessica Warren.


Suzanne Bell describes her role as a heart failure nurse educator, working directly with practice nurses and providing education to professionals around chronic heart failure.


This paper presents the factors that contribute to successful teaching of distributed software development in graduate courses and the prerequisites for this practice.


Three globally threatened species of sea turtle have been recorded in the waters around the Koh Rong Archipelago off Cambodia's southwest coast: the green turtle Chelonia mydas, the hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and the leatherback Dermochelys coriacea. To learn how human communities around the Koh Rong Archipelago interact with these turtle species, we investigated their perceptions and use of sea turtles. Our study used qualitative social science research methods and identifi ed four frames of reference for the sea turtle: turtles as victims, turtles as occasional food, turtles as spiritual beings, and turtles as a promise for the future. These frames of reference were expressed in all villages and among most demographic groups. Our study also identifi ed several perceived threats to sea turtle survival around the Koh Rong Archipelago. The most frequently cited threats were trawling boats, nets, Vietnamese fi shermen, hooks, illegal fi shing and overfi shing. Understanding how local people interpret and interact with sea turtles and perceive threats to their survival provides important insights for nature conservation and education programmes, which our study aims to inform. Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata Dermochelys coriacea (frames of reference) CITATION: Diamond, J., Blanco, V. & Duncan, R. (2012) Knowing sea turtles: local communities informing conservation in Koh Rong Archipelago, Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History, 2012, 131–140.


The problem of a continuing decline in physical capacity was first approached quantitatively by Quelet in 1836. However, progress in the past century and a quarter in this field has been limited by subtle complexities which are not embraced by, or subject to, physiologic terminology-just when a greater understanding of senescence is becoming increasingly important. An interdisciplinary approach to the problem of human growth and development is required to knit the physiologic, anatomic and psychic components into a welldefined working tool to measure capacity and fitness as they are related to the degree of senescence.


The expansion of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) to mathematics-related fields of science such as physics, chemistry and biology is a trend of the last few years. This presentation is a short report devoted to our first results in using CAS DERIVE in surface colloid phenomena and mainly in presenting derived results in the form of mathematical movies with the help of the DERIVE + DPGraph + Hotkeys keystroke simulator complex we reported at the 5 ACDCA Summer Academy in August 1999 [1]. Water vapor condensation on chemically heterogeneous aerosol particles in the atmosphere is under consideration. This problem is important in current research on heterogeneous cloud and fog nucleation (microphysics of clouds), weather modification (artificial rain or precipitation of hail clouds), aerosol models for interpretation of data obtained from lidar systems monitoring air quality, and investigations of the aerosol effects on climate forcing. 1. Heterogeneous Surface Peculiarities (Theoretical Background) As usual, all atmospheric "nuclei" of condensation (CN) or ice crystallization (IN) are the chemically mixed aerosol particles (MAP) having the energetically heterogeneous surface. An origin of the heterogeneity may be a result of natural physical-chemical processes, such as gas adsorption, photochemical surface reactions, aerosol coagulation etc. From the other hand, an artificial heterogenization of aerosol particles increases their ice-nucleating activity; this fact was used for weather modification through the silver iodide aerosol systems [2]. Some time ago researchers found different natural bioaerosols (in part, Pseudomonas syringae) in the atmosphere, wich is playing also a role of the effective ice-nucleating "nuclei" in cold clouds. Typically, a cell membrane surface built from phospholipids and trans-membrane proteins is heterogeneous. From a viewpoint of water wetting one may distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces. The hydrophilic ones with a low free surface energy, σ, have values of the contact angles of wetting in a range: 0 0 0 90 θ ≤ < , while the hydrophobic those with a high free surface energy the contact angles are in a range: 0 0 90 180 θ ≤ ≤ . Solid surfaces having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites are heterophilic. For some purposes there is conveniently to use a "heterophilic" term for surfaces having sites with different values of the contact angle only. A "heterogeneity" term includes both a surface roughness (topography) and the energetic non-homogeneity; dealing with heterophilic surfaces one may use the term "heterophilic" and "heterogeneous" as synonyms. Two important factors to be taken into account in the heterophilic surface analysis are the heterogeneity scale and the topology. A detailed analysis of main peculiarities of the heterophilic surfaces in phenomena of adsorption, wetting and condensation was given in a series of our works (see, e.g., [3]). First, new physical phenomena were discovered on MAPs: (1) a "double barrier Fourth International Derive TI-89/92 Conference Biryukov & Smorodin: On Simulation of Clouds And Fog Condensation page 2 nucleation" and (2) a "quasi-cavitational" mechanism of heterogeneous condensation [2-3]. We shall present a visual computer simulation of the double barrier nucleation phenomenon in this report. 2. Heterogeneous Condensation and Drop Evolution. A. We shall consider a simple model of condensation on a spatially extended, isolated, hydrophilic ("active") site of radius Rd (of macroor "colloidal" scale: Rd > 5 nm) on a spherical aerosol particle (with a radius R0 ∼ 1 μm) with a wetting angle 0 i θ θ < (where θ0 – is the characteristics of the surface surrounding the "active" site ). We assume that a liquid embryo with a finite contact angle forms at the "active" site by a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. If a radius of the embryo, R << R0 , for a simplicity, the particle surface may be regarded as a flat. The image of a droplet on a hydrophilic spot is in Fig.1. A droplet radius grows while its contact angle is constant ( i const θ θ = = , where θi is the Young's angle for the hydrophilic site). When a droplet reaches a boundary between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites, its perimeter is fixed (Fig.2). A droplet volume may grow if its radius increases Fig.1. Growing droplet on the heterophilic substrate. Fig.2. Small droplet on the hydrophilic spot. Fig.3. Big droplet on the hydrophilic spot. Fig.4. The droplet expansion on the hydrophobic substrate. Fourth International Derive TI-89/92 Conference Biryukov & Smorodin: On Simulation of Clouds And Fog Condensation page 3 and a variable contact angle, θ, increases to a critical value (Fig.3), where θ0 is a Young's angle for the hydrophobic surface. Then the droplet expands to the hydrophobic substrate (Fig.4). A study of Gibbs' free energy of the growing droplet as a function of its volume, using a variational analysis [2] shown an existence of two maxima (barriers) during a droplet nucleation and an evolution. Relative values of these barriers depends on a relationship between a critical nucleation radius and an "active" site radius, Rd. The above figures are screenshots of a 3D movie in DPGraph produced with the help of DERIVE and Hotkeys [1]. The appropriate rotation and adjustment of figures 2-3 results in 2D movies. B. A model of a droplet at an insoluble spherical aerosol particle with hydrophilic surface with two hydrophobic sites on its poles was regarded in [3,5]. As it was found, in beginning of the condensational growth a liquid phase covers only hydrophilic sites and the hyrophobic spot is free of water (Fig.5,6,8); then, at some critical volume, one of holes collapses and only a small air-vapor hemisphere bubble covers hydrophobic spot (Fig.7). This process provokes the "surface-cavitation" mechanism of the fast secondary condensation [3]. The movie of the process is also presented. Fig.5. Hydrophobic spot on a hydrophilic substrate is not covered with a thin water film. Fig.5. The same as in Fig.5, but thicker water film. Fig.7. More thick water film. The hole in water film collapsed and a small air bubble remained. Fig.8. 2D section of Fig.6 the hole shape. Fourth International Derive TI-89/92 Conference Biryukov & Smorodin: On Simulation of Clouds And Fog Condensation page 4 All above figures were 3D screenshots from DPGraph movies. It is colorful, animated and clear to undestand and percept at the display, but rather difficult to be adequatly presented in the black and white printed form. Static 2D images better corresponds the printed form of presentation and can be easily made in DERIVE. Fig. 9 shows the above "surfacecavitation" as a set of sequantial in time surfaces air-water 2D sections. 3. Phenomena of Heterogeneous Evaporating of Drop and Capillary-Hydrodynamic Instability of Wetting Film During a drop evaporation from an insoluble aerosol particle, a thinning liquid layer will be transformed into separated liquid clusters at some critical thickness, due to fluctuationalhydrodynamic surface waves. A wave mode of the fastest grow which leads to the film rupture, may be regarded as an "anti-soliton". Theoretical background of the phenomenon is discussed in [45]. The "anti-soliton" propagation leading to the film rupture is demonstrated in a form of the 3Dmath movie in Fig.10, 11. The left image is similar to the inverse tsunami at the shallow water [1]. The right one water film rupture and two thin separate scattering films opening the hydrophobic surface. As it was shown in [5], during condensation-evaporation cycle in atmosphere of aerosol hazes or fogs, regarded above phenomena give us an explanation of an effect of the hysteresis dependence of the light-scattering coefficient on relative humidity for cases of insoluble aerosol particles. Our concept complements a convenient approach developed for soluble condensational "nuclei" and used in lidar monitoring programs of air quality [6]. Fig.9. Successive air-water bounds for "surface cavitation" (DERIVE) Fig.11. Film rupture. Fig.10. Surface "anti-soliton" wave. Fourth International Derive TI-89/92 Conference Biryukov & Smorodin: On Simulation of Clouds And Fog Condensation page 5 References 1. Biryukov, S.V., and J. V. Fydorova. Tsunami in DERIVE and TI-92 (Studying Solitons). Proc. 5 ACDCA Summer Academy, Goesing, August, 1999; http://www.acdca.ac.at/kongress/goesing/ index.htm 2. Smorodin, V.E. Mixed Aerosol Particles as Effective Ice-Nucleating Systems. Atmospheric Research, 1994, 31, 199-233. 3. Smorodin, V.E. Adsorption, Wetting and Condensation on Energetically Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces. Langmuir, 1994, 10, 2250-2256. 4. Smorodin, V.E. On Hydrodynamic Instability of the Wetting Films (Boundary Layers). Ibid., 2419-2422. 5. Smorodin, V.E. On Thermohydrodynamic Instability in Aerosol Hazes (Fogs). Atmospheric Environment, 1997, 31 (8), 1239-1247. 6. Tang I.N., Wong W.T., and Munkewitz H.R. The Relative Humidity of Atmospheric Sulfates and Nitrates in Visibility Reduction. Atmospheric Environment, 1981, 15, 263-271.


300 www.ccmjournal.org February 2019 • Volume 47 • Number 2 and nutritional intake (12). Whereas the impact of nutrition is still ill-defined, antibiotics dramatically reduce the production of uremic toxins and related volatile components (13). This might render VOCs measurements unpredictable and potentially unreliable. Finally, it is improbable that one exhaled VOC has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to act as a single biomarker for the detection of impaired renal function (4, 14). In analogy with plasma biomarkers (15), a panel of VOCs may be more appropriate. In conclusion, Hüppe et al (3) have set the tune for an "olfactory" approach of biomarker research in AKI. More studies are needed to better delineate the role of critical care-induced alterations in the microbiome on VOCs measurements with particular focus on type and membrane characteristics of RRT and accounting for potentially confounding factors related to comorbid disease, antibiotic therapy, and nutrition.


We answer some questions about infinite quasiperiodic words asked by Marcus in Bulletin 82 of the European Assocation of Theoretical Computer Science.


Yeast isoamylase was highly purified by means of salting-out with ammonium sulfate, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. More than 200-fold purification was achieved through these procedures from crude yeast extract. While the purified enzyme did not attack α-1, 6-glucosidic linkages in panose, isopanose (6-malto-sylglucose), branched triose (4, 6-diglucosylglucose), and isomaltosylmaltose (63-α-glucosylmalto-triose), it acted on α, β-limit dextrin (DP 9.6) to liberate glucose as well as maltose and higher oligosaccharides. Substrate specificity of the yeast isoamylase was discussed in comparison with that of plant and bacterial isoamylases (R-enzyme and pullulanase), and the mechanism of debranching of glycogen by yeast enzymes was also discussed.


Bulk crystal growth is essential for producing single-crystal wafers, the base material for device fabrication. Continued progress in SiC device development relies on the availability of large SiC wafers with high crystal quality. At present, the standard technique for SiC bulk growth is the seeded sublimation (or modified Lely) method, but a few alternative growth techniques have also been studied. This chapter describes the fundamental aspects of SiC bulk growth and the associated technology development.


153 physicians in the intricacies of ethical medicine, Little offers hope that the medical profession is capable of saving itself from silent impotence in the face of increasing economic and political pressures and influences. The Neuroscience ofAnimal Intelligence provides an excellent survey of modern neu-rophysiological research on learning and memory in non-human animals. By organizing the discussion of experimental work within the conceptual framework of behavioral psychology , the author emphasizes the interrelationships between pyschological theories of intelligence and physiological studies of neuronal function. The book is divided into nine chapters. An introductory chapter outlines the historical development of intelligence research and includes a brief discussion of the "mind-body problem." The main focus of the book is on two experimental animal models, the mollusk Aplysia (seahare) and the mammalian hippocampus (seahorse). It progresses from a discussion of "simple" nonassociative processes, such as habituation and sensiti-zation, to the more complex associative processes involved in conditioning and finally to the highly complex processes of contextual learning seen in the formation of spatial "maps" and in memory. A concluding chapter discusses comparative neurology and computational neuroscience as alternative approaches to studying animal intelligence, and a brief epilogue analyzes some of the problems surrounding attempts to define intelligence. In each subsection of the book the author outlines the theoretical issues and then goes on to a critical analysis of relevant physiological experiments and their implications for evaluating old theories and creating new ones. Emphasis is placed on the agreements among, and contradictions between, different experiments and on the knowledge gaps that remain to be filled. Key experiments are explained in substantial detail and are accompanied by clear black-and-white illustrations. The book is intended primarily for behavioral psychologists and neuroscientists and therefore assumes some familiarity with basic neuroanatomy and psychology. Although focused primarily on a few of the most intensively studied experimental models, the survey nonetheless presents an integrated and fairly comprehensive overview of animal intelligence research and includes extensive references to the primary literature (through 1992). For those with an interest in behavioral neuropsychology, The Neuroscience of Animal Intelligence provides an intriguing and informative look at the current state of ignorance.


Contains a few measurements of the variation of elevator angle and elevator force with Mach number at 30,000 feet altitude up to a Mach number of 0.85. These data show that the airplane possessed positive static longitudinal stability up to a Mach number of 0.80. A trim change in the nose-down direction occurred for Mach numbers above 0.82.


India has one of the world's largest railway networks, manual Inspection and detecting a crack on these railways tracks is very tedious process and consumes lot of time and human resource. The project aims in designing railway track crack detection autonomous vehicle using Microcontroller, IR obstacle Sensors assembly system, which detects the cracks along its path; the vehicle is also capable of monitoring the location of the crack by using the GPS module and alerts through SMS messages using GSM module. The central component of the whole system is a PIC Microcontroller. The vehicle is powered with the help of Solar panel and Lead Acid battery assembly. The vehicle moves along the path of railway track and IR Obstacle sensors mounted on the vehicle front end will inspect the track along the path. When any crack or deformation is detected on the track the vehicle stops and the location of the crack is identified and the location Latitude and Longitude coordinates are procured using the GPS module and the GSM module is used to send these Location coordinates in the form of Short Message Service (SMS) to the Pre-defied number.


Configurable multiprocessor platforms consist of multiple soft processors configured on FPGA devices. They have become an attractive choice for implementing many computing applications. In addition to the various ways of distributing software execution among the multiple soft processors, the application designer can customize soft processors and the connections between them in order to improve the performance of the applications running on the multiprocessor platform. State-of-the-art design tools rely on low-level simulation to explore the various design trade-offs offered by configurable multiprocessor platforms. These low-level simulation based exploration techniques are too time-consuming and can be a major bottleneck to efficient design space exploration on these platforms. We propose a design space exploration technique for configurable multiprocessor platforms using arithmetic-level cycle-accurate hardware--software cosimulation. Arithmetic-level abstractions of the hardware and software execution platforms are created within the proposed cosimulation environment. The configurable multiprocessor platforms are described using these arithmetic-level abstractions. Hardware and software simulators are tightly integrated to concurrently simulate the arithmetic behavior of the multiprocessor platform. The simulation within the integrated simulators are synchronized to provide cycle-accurate simulation results for the complete multiprocessor platform. By doing so, we significantly speed up the cosimulation process for configurable multiprocessor platforms. Exploration of the various hardware-software design trade-offs provided by configurable multiprocessor platforms can be performed within the proposed cycle-accurate cosimulation environment. After the final designs are identified, the corresponding low-level implementations with the desired cycle-accurate arithmetic behavior are generated automatically. For illustrative purposes, we provide an implementation of our approach based on MATLAB/Simulink. We show the cosimulation of two numerical computation applications and one image-processing application on a popular configurable multiprocessor platform within the MATLAB/Simulink-based cosimulation environment. For these three applications, our arithmetic-level cosimulation approach leads to speed-ups in simulation time of up to more than 800x compared with the low-level simulation approaches. The designs of these applications identified using our arithmetic-level cosimulation approach achieve execution time speed-ups up to 5.6x, compared with other designs considered in our experiments.


Recommender systems are mechanisms that filter information in order to predict the preference of a user for an item drawn from a finite collection. Prime examples include recommendation platforms for movies, games, travel destinations, and books. Such systems rely on identifying users with similar preferences, as indicated by an appropriately selected metric, to yield reliable preference estimations. Recently, distributed implementations of recommender systems have improved scalability and can be applied by Internet-based companies to obtain insight for their respective products through latent patterns, typically of higher order nature, with having considerable impact on their profits. One of the potent personalization technologies currently powering the adaptive Web is collaborative filtering. The latter brings together the opinions of large interconnected communities on the Web, supporting filtering of substantial quantities of data. An implementation over Apache Spark of a typical recommender system is presented here. The evaluation of its prediction correctness, based on the Web movies dataset from Amazon as a benchmark, is in terms of the mean absolute error, the mean square error, and the root mean square error. Based on the results, suggestions for improved ratings are given, mainly by increasing user engagement and immersion.


The editor wishes to thank Edward Elgar (UK), in particular, the commissioning editor, Catherine Elgar, for having the courage to support this ambitious undertaking. A word of heartfelt thanks is also due to Felicity Plester, Kate Emmins and the staff of Edward Elgar for polishing up the draft so well. Many thanks indeed to the many authors who have contributed to this book; collectively, they constitute a repository of experts on rebellion in Southeast Asia. These authors have spent many months collecting information and doing fieldwork; their dedication and the quality of their scholarship is reflected in the many excellent chapters in this volume. The contributors, to whom this book owes its existence, are: Dr Greg Fealy, Ms Elena Pavlova, Dr Adam Dolnik, Professor James Veitch, Badrus Sholeh, Ms Elina Noor, Professor Rommel Banlaoi, Professor Paul Rodell, Professor Kamarulzaman Askandar, Professor Thitinan Pongsudhirak, Philips J. Vermonte, Martin Smith, Professor Syed Serajul Islam, Dr Gary Yia Lee, Dr Peter Carey, Professor Miriam Coronel Ferrer, Professor Rohan Gunaratna and Professor Renato Cruz de Castro. The editor would like to record a word of thanks and appreciation to Professor Terry Walter and Professor Bruce Milthorpe, University of New South Wales – Asia, who have been very supportive during the latter phases of this project. The editor would also like to thank Professor Matt Uttley, Professor Wyn Bowen, Professor Geoff Till and Dr Stuart Griffin of King's College London, who have been extremely supportive of the early phase of this project whilst the editor was Senior Lecturer in the faculty of the Defence Services Department, KCL, in the Joint Services Command and Staff College, UK. The editor also wishes to thank the Asian Research Institute, particularly its Director, Professor Anthony Reid, for hosting the author during his field research trip. The assistance extended by the ARI was certainly invaluable and much appreciated. It is the collective hope of all the contributors that this book will help deepen understanding, in a holistic and historically empirical way, the nature of rebellion in Southeast Asia. As such, this volume takes a broad and holistic definition of terrorism as its basis. Indeed, the topic of 'terrorism and insurgency in Southeast Asia' cannot be viewed in narrow definitional terms, nor is it amenable to a set of generalizations, and hence narrow prescriptive countermeasures. Each and every rebellion within the region has deep historical, political, social and economic roots which do not easily lend themselves to generalizations except in the broadest of


Despite advances in drug therapy, revascularization and surgical interventions, mortality and morbidity from heart failure in ischemic heart disease remains high and a breakthrough in our understanding of this disorder is needed. Spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) has evolved a remarkable capacity to regenerate full thickness skin tissue without scarring. Here we tested the hypothesis that the lack of scarring and resulting regeneration in adult Acomys skin also applies to the heart.


Abstract Russian governmental policy toward non-traditional religious groups, especially so-called New Religious Movements (NRMs), is discriminatory. Despite Russia's formal secularity, the government strongly supports the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), a position which results in various limitations on many other religious groups. As a result, legal actions have been initiated against new religious groups, for example the Bhagavad Gita trial in Tomsk, Siberia, and the designation of the literature of the Jehovah's Witnesses as 'extremist'. However, pressure by the government can sometimes lead to the development of spontaneous interreligious oppositional associations. One important example is the 'interfaith dialogue' in Tomsk, where local leaders or representatives of religious groups, such as the Episcopal, Jewish, and Latter-day Saints (Mormon) churches as well as the Hare Krishna movement, unorthodox Buddhist groups, and local pagan movements, united to oppose governmental and ROC efforts to disband a Hare Krishna group in the Tomsk area. This research note presents results of a case study, which involved participant observation, of the phenomenon of oppositional interfaith dialogue in Tomsk in the period 2011–2014. I discuss factors that influenced its appearance, its relationship with the local government, and the methods of cooperation between the different religious groups within this association and offer some theoretical interpretations of these developments. The results of this case study illustrate new and important modern relationships between minority religions and the government in Russia.


The health risks associated with individual borehole water quality consumed is not well known for a developing nation like Nigeria. Spatial distribution of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were assessed from Dutse metropolitan in Jigawa state of Nigeria. Water samples were collected from four boreholes A, B, C & D and analyzed in the Dry season (on 22 nd February, 2016). Atomic absorption spectroscopy and standard microbiology methods were used to determine the chemical and microbiological quality of sampled water. The results showed that physico-chemical parameters; pH ranged from (6.5-7.5). Others all in (mg/L); TDS varied from (150 – 440); NO 3 -N ranged from (1.0 – 3.0), CaCO 3 (1.0 - 3.2), Mn (0.01 - 0.1), and F- ranged from (0.0-0.4). Micro-biological parameters; Total plate bacteria (cfu/100ml) ranged from (5.8x10 – 2.6x10). F.C and E.coli values recorded (Nil). Sample A boreholes produced slightly more acidic water than sample B boreholes. However, the entire sample tends towards Neutral. TDS, NO 3 -N, CaCO 3 , Mn and F- values were all far below the NSDWQ and WHO standards of drinking water. However, Values for TPB recorded were below the NSDWQ and WHO while the E.coli and FC values are in agreement with NSDWQ and WHO requirement Value. It is therefore recommended to conduct survey of borehole sites prior to drilling to prevent areas of potential hazard to groundwater.


The low standard of Nation al road is continuo u sly reconstructed to establish Trans National connectivities . During the reconstruction period , the loss of road user costs and the negative impact s for surrounding environment were inccurred . Predicted losses of road users have not been conducted , so that it is important to be investigated . In itially, road performances were ana lyzed during road reconstruction. Th e road performance s were analyzed using a descriptive method. Road performance v ariable includes running costs refer red to the Bina Marga guidelines of Pd - T-15 -2005- B. National road reconstruction project in fiscal year 2013 is used as a case study. The results of the analysis are obtained as follows : 1) speed (Vm) can be predicted from the exponential relationship model in which degree of saturation in pre-reconstruction (DSp) is used as a generator variable . This generator variable is predict ed declin ing at 6 km/h (DSp = 0.1);  2) The traffic flow (Qm) is predicted by multiplying the current pre-reconstruction flows with a factor of Fq . Traffic flows is predict ed dec lining by 28% (Fq = 0.72); and 3) The degree of saturation (DSm) is predicted by a factor of Fds and estimated to increas e by 30% (Fds = 1.3).


SMITH, J. W., D. D. PASCOE, D. H. PASSE, B. C. RUBY, L. K. STEWART, L. B. BAKER, and J. J. ZACHWIEJA. Curvilinear Dose–Response Relationship of Carbohydrate (0–120 g I h j 1 ) and Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 336–341, 2013. Background : There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes. Purpose : This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance. Methods : Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 T 7 yr, mean T SD) across four research sites completed four trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-h constant load ride at 95% of the workload that elicited a 4-mmol I L j 1 blood lactate concentration immediately followed by a computer-simulated 20-km time trial, which subjects were asked to complete as quickly as possible. Twelve CHO electrolyte (18 mmol I L j 1 Na, 3 mmol I L j 1 K, and 11 mmol I L j 1 Cl) beverages (three at each site) were tested in a double-blind manner, providing subjects 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 g CHO (1:1:1 glucose– fructose–maltodextrin) per hour during the 2-h constant load ride at a fluid intake rate of 1 L I h j 1 . All subjects also consumed a noncaloric placebo on one counterbalanced test occasion. Data were natural log transformed, subjected to a mixed-model analysis, and are reported as adjusted treatment means. Results : We estimate incremental performance improvements of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 4.7% at 9, 19, 31, 48, and 78 g I h j 1 , respectively, with diminishing performance enhancement seen at CHO levels 9 78 g I h j 1 . Conclusions : CHO beverage ingestion and endurance ( È 160 min) performance appear to be related in a curvilinear dose–response manner, with the best performance occurring with a CHO (1:1:1 glucose–fructose–maltodextrin) ingestion rate of 78 g I h j 1


This is a response to a letter by Sabatelli et al. (1).

In their letter, Sabatelli et al. (1) refer to our recent paper on a Bethlem myopathy patient with a homozygous COL6A2 p.D871N mutation. The authors are concerned that our data are inconsistent because we reported that collagen VI staining was absent in muscle when using monoclonal antibody VI-26 but present in very reduced amounts in cultured fibroblast extracellular matrix when detected with monoclonal antibody 3C4 (2). We agree that based on our in vitro fibroblast data it is likely that this patient's muscle contains some collagen VI, and we believe that our staining conditions were not sufficiently sensitive to detect the small amount present even though collagen VI staining was strong in the control muscle. We had this in mind when we said "collagen VI was not detected in UCMD65 muscle" and used the phrase "absent collagen VI staining" under "Results." Unfortunately we used the term "absent collagen VI" in the subheading, and this has resulted in the inadvertent apparent inconsistency. The collagen VI staining was actually done on sections of paraffin-embedded muscle, not frozen sections as suggested under "Experimental Procedures," and this is why we used an antigen retrieval protocol, which resulted in strong staining in the control muscle (2). We apologize for omitting this important detail under "Experimental Procedures."


Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise among workers in various occupations resulting in morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to assess the various risk factors and associated socio-demographic factors among the security and transport personnel working in a health sciences university in Mangaluru.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among all the security and transport personnel. Questionnaire based on WHO-STEPS approach was used. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded.Results: Total 167 study participants were enrolled; 57.5% were security and rest were transport personnel. Physical activity was perceived as light by 63.5% participants. Current smokers constituted to 26% and 33.5% consumed alcohol in past 12 months. Eighteen percent of them top salted their food. Among participants who were apparently healthy, 12.5% and 23.4% had raised systolic and diastolic BP. Associations between the areas of residence (p=0.004) and type of occupation (p<0.001) were found to be significant.Conclusions: Prevalence of risk factors of NCDs was high among study participants. Only few study subjects were physically active and majority of them felt that their routine work provided them with light physical activity. Around one third of the participants consumed tobacco and alcohol. Around 1/4th of the study participants who were not known hypertensive, were found with increased levels of blood pressure.


For $k, \ell \in \mathbb{N}$, we introduce the concepts of $k$-ultrahomogeneity and $\ell$-tuple regularity for finite groups. Inspired by analogous concepts in graph theory, these form a natural generalization of homogeneity, which was studied by Cherlin and Felgner and Li as well as automorphism transitivity, which was investigated by Zhang. Additionally, these groups have an interesting algorithmic interpretation. We classify the $k$-ultrahomogeneous and $\ell$-tuple regular finite groups for $k, \ell \geq 2$. In particular, we show that every 2-tuple regular finite group is ultrahomogeneous.


Provided is a flow path structure capable of achieving a reduction in the size of a device into which the flow path structure is incorporated, and improving portability. This flow path structure 1 is provided with: a liquid storage part 10 provided with a liquid-accommodating part 11 capable of accommodating a liquid, and a flow-out part 12; a separation element-accommodating part 20 including a separation element between two open ends 21, 22; a supply flow path 30 which is connected to the flow-out part 12 of the liquid storage part 10, and one open end 21 of the separation element-accommodating part 20, and which allows the liquid storage part 10 to communicate with the separation element-accommodating part 20; and a discharge flow path 40 connected to the other open end 22 of the separation element-accommodating part 20. The supply flow path 30 is provided with: a liquid storage part-side flow path 31 connected to the flow-out part 12 of the liquid storage part 10; a separation element-side flow path 32 connected to the separation element-accommodating part 20; and an injection part 33 which is positioned between the liquid storage part-side flow path 31 and the separation element-side flow path 32, and which is capable of introducing a liquid to be measured into the supply flow path 30. The liquid storage part 10 is provided with a pressure transmission part 13 with which an external force applied to the flow path structure 1 can be transmitted as a pressure fluctuation inside the liquid storage part 10. The liquid accommodated inside the liquid storage part 10 is capable of being made to flow out from the flow-out part 12 to the supply flow path 30 on the basis of the pressure fluctuation inside the liquid storage part 10.


Detailed Langmuir probe measurements of the plasma density, plasma potential, and electron temperature in the cylindrical helicon device VINETA [C. M. Franck et al., Phys. Plasmas 9(8), 2002] are presented. The probe measurements cover the entire radial‐axial plane including the helicon antenna region. Two magnetic field configurations are compared: homogeneous magnetic field in the helicon antenna region and magnetic field gradient at the transition between the antenna and the discharge chamber. It is demonstrated that the converging magnetic field leads to the formation of steep plasma density and potential increase, which is strongly correlated with the position of the maximum field gradient. No electron heating detached from the helicon source is observed. The measurements strongly suggest that the plasma profiles are the direct result of volume reduction due to magnetic field convergence, which leads to the formation of a single sheath‐like layer in front of the helicon source. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We perform numerical scattering experiments on a Lorentz array of disks centered on a triangular lattice with L columns and study its transmission and reflection properties. In the finite horizon case, the motion of the particles may be modeled as simple one dimensional random walks with absorbing walls for which the scaling of the transmission and reflection coefficients are known, and agree with those found numerically. In the infinite horizon case the analogy with a simple diffusive process is no longer valid. In this case we compare our results with those expected for a one dimensional Levy walk, again with absorbing walls, for which logarithmic corrections to the scaling relations appear. The scaling with L and the symmetry properties of the forward and the backward are also studied, and some of their salient features are discussed.


The focus of several studies has been the relationship between antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular disease, in particular the outcome of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients with low HDL-c levels. HIV-disease itself results in changes in the lipid metabolism. Reduced HDL-c in untreated HIV-infection is partially corrected after the initiation of ART, but longterm treatment may lower HDL-c again and in addition raises other cholesterol fractions even further.


A pot experiment was conducted in the green house using soil samples taken from three locations within the University Teaching and Research Farm to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer application on potassium fractions and uptake by maize. Treatments consisted of four rates of potassium fertilizer (0, 20, 40 and 60 kgha-1) applied as potassium chloride arranged in the green house as Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Maize (Zea mays. L) DMRSR - Y (L) variety was planted at 2 seeds per pot which later thinned to 1 seedling per pot for 6 weeks. Soil samples were taken and analysed for potassium forms before and after maize harvest. At harvest plant samples were dried, weighed and analysed for potassium. Initial analytical result showed that three soils used were not statistically different in pH and potassium fractions. The total potassium values were ranged from 53.85 to 56.41 cmolkg-1. The bulk of soil potassium was in non-exchangeable form constituting between 47.9 and 50.80cmolkg-1. The exchangeable potassium constituted the least percentage of the potassium ranging from 0.20 to 0.23 cmolkg-1. Application of potassium led to significant increases in all the potassium forms despite potassium uptake. The 3 soils responded to potassium fertilizer application significantly. However differences in potassium concentration in plant was only significant in one of the 3 soils.


The study aimed to discuss the moral and social values embodied in the books contents of national interactive curriculum for kindergartens in Jordan; through analyzing such books' contents. For the purposes of this study, a list of proposed moral and social values was prepared, including twenty eight values. Word, phrase and image are considered herein as analysis tools. The Generated outputs referred to 360 values which are contained in the books of national interactive curriculum for kindergartens in Jordan. The National Social values field occupied the first rank of 256 repetitions, at 71.11%. On the other hand, family personal values field occupied the 2 nd . rank; 104 repetitions at 28.89%. The outputs also displayed the availability of many suitable moral and social values stipulated for in the study tool. In turn, it was noticed the unavailability of many suitable moral and social values.


We give a new representation theorem of the negation based on the generator function of the strict operator. We study a certain class of strict monotone operators which build DeMorgan class with infinite negations. We show that the necessary and sufficient condition for this operator class is fc(x)fd(x) = 1; where fc(x) and fd(x) are the generator function of the conjunctive and disjunctive operators. In the second part of the article we examine the relationship between Dombi's aggregative operators, uninorms and strict, continuous t-norms and t-conorms. We show that the class of representable uninorms is equivalent to the class of those uninorms which are also aggregative operators. We give new representation theorems for strong negations, and discuss the correspondence between strong negations, aggregative operators and strict, continuous (logical) operators. We show that in this system the four operators (conjunction, disjunction, aggregation, negation) can be described using only one generator function.


Dielectric and mechanical relaxation in solids, characterised by non-exponential, extended relaxation spectra, is analysed taking the interaction of the phonon (boson) field with the relaxing elements in the solid explicitly into account. Combination of Einstein's rate equations with Bothe's analysis of boson clustering results in a second order non-linear rate equation for the relaxing elements. The character of the solutions of this equation is governed by the strength and frequency dependence of the interaction of the phonons with the relaxing elements. The upper frequency limit is the Debye cutoff frequency while the lower frequency limit is determined by grain boundaries or the like. Relaxations extending over four decades of time are obtained using physically realistic parameters. Fourier transformation produces a 1/f spectrum over a correspondingly wide frequency range. These results are compatible with experimental results concerning stress relaxation in solids and with the "universal dielectric response" of dipoles in condensed matter.