In an age of instant global communication, governments have refined their public diplomacy, particularly in the way warfare is covered on television, to market their version of events effectively to their domestic as well as the international viewing public. This article briefly examines television coverage of key post-Cold-War military interventions in the era of round-the-clock news. It explores the growing tendency among the United States dominated global news networks to generally follow the US government's foreign policy agenda by often presenting military actions as "humanitarian intervention". This type of coverage is placed in the context of a new era of news management, which, it is argued, was pioneered by the US military in the 1991 "clean" air war against Iraq and subsequent US-led military interventions in the 1990s. The article goes on to analyse the international implications of such coverage, arguing that, given the global reach and influence of US visual media, this type of framing can also shape the wider view of a war. The article then examines how the US approach to news management has been adapted elsewhere, focusing on the 1999 border conflict between India and Pakistan over Kargil - the first television war in South Asia.


The Dictionary of Serbian Vernaculars in Vojvodina (Re nik srpskih govora Vojvodine) is the first regional dialectal dictionary of the Serbian language. It includes lexical material collected from about 250 locations in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, as well as the data from written sources of predominantly ethnological character. The basic intention in The Dictionary was, first, to present as comprehensive inventory of lexemes as possible (to the degree to which its card-catalogue is comprehensive), therefore not to differentiate lexemes. We accepted the standpoint that every word used in a vernacular also belongs to a dialect, regardless of its status in the standard language, thus deserving to be included in the dialectal dictionary, too. Second, the material was coUected in the territory ofVojvodma as a whole, including the places with the Serbian population which belong to present Rumania and Hungary.


ABSTRACT SPRAY deposition onto broccoli, corn, cotton and cab-bage foliage was measured for three distinct methods of application. In an air-carrier stream, charged vs. un-charged droplets provided 1.8-, 2.0-, 2.5- and 7.0-fold deposition increases, respectively. Charged vs. conven-tional spraying provided 1.9-, 2.9- and 4.4-fold increases on broccoli, cabbage and corn plants. A deposit limited condition was verified for electrostatic spraying of foliar targets exhibiting leaf point.


In a population of 39 patients, the new analgesic drug Meptazinol was tested in postoperative period at a dose of 100 mg I.M., administered only on request of the patient. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were not altered significantly. The onset of analgesia was rapid (+/- fifteen minutes) with a maximum reached after thirty minutes; the provided analgesia was good for about two hours as evaluated by the anesthetist and the nurse. The patient asked for a new dose only after about five hours.


On the basis of investigation and research,the connotation,conditions,method and technique of self recovery of ecology are discussed,particully the author advanced four ways for ecological restoration,such as potentiality evaluation,ecological self recovery,limitation and control,coordinated development.These have guiding significance on the work of ecological restoration.


Though regeneration system in rice has been very well established compare to other crop plants, the fact remains that, most of the indica rice varieties are still recalcitrant for regeneration and genetic transformation. Therefore, refinement of tissue culture protocol for generation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of the fertile plants from a single cell should be a pre requisite event for development of transgenic plants. Here, in this study we reported high frequency robust regeneration protocols for a popular Indica cultivar Swarna.Mature seeds were used as initial material as explants. Highest callus induction % was observed in MSCIMP medium containing 2.0 mg -1 2,4, D + 0.5 mg -1 Kn as phytohormonal combinations. In addition, maximum regeneration was observed in 2.0 mg -l KN + 0.5 mg -l NAA. Regenerated plants were shifted to rooting medium followed by polyhouse for hardening. The callus induction and regeneration reported in this study were well suited for transformation agronomical important genes or functional genomics studies.


The frequency curve of transverse distribution of the wheel track on divided ways reveals that the frazzled damage of highly channelizing expressway cement concrete pavement largely occurs in the peak range of distribution curve of the wheel track.Therefore,there are some problems in the normal solutions proposed by current technical specification for maintenance,which may only be settled drastically by adjustment to structure composition of the pavement.


This research guide is for students enrolled in GHC psychology courses. Learn how to find Psyc Videos and other multimedia here.


A molded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene / polypropylene / organoclay compositions can be used for extrusion and preparation method, which is characterized in the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene to 90 parts by weight of 70 was added 30 to 10 parts by weight of polypropylene, and 1 to 5 parts by weight of the composite processing aids, 0.1 to 1 part by weight of an antioxidant, a nucleating agent, 0.1 parts by weight to 1 and 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of a lubricant is added in a high speed mixer, at a temperature of 70 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ stirring and mixing 2 to 5 minutes, and pelletized with a twin-screw extruder, extrusion temperature of 170 ℃ ~ 220 ℃. The method improves the processability of UHMWPE, so machining using common extrusion molding, extrusion speeds up to 3.5 to 4.0 m / min, the smooth surface of the extruded article, the tensile strength increased 22.84%, impact properties remains substantially constant.


It can be argued that the concept of digital transformation is still a new concept for many businesses and needs to be understood. Many researches on digital transformation in domestic and foreign business literature provide findings and recommendations to eliminate this uncertainty. In this study, it is aimed to question the concepts of digital transformation and digital maturity in terms of businesses and to examine the dimensions and characteristics of some digital transformation models in the literature in this context. Digital transformation is reshaping not only businesses individually, but also industries and ultimately the economy in total. The digital transformation models examined show that businesses' responses to digital technologies may differ. The concept of digital maturity does not have a static meaning. It is argued that a business can reach the highest maturity level "when it has both a strong digital infrastructure and a good understanding of how to leverage that infrastructure for a strategic business advantage".


The main functional properties and use of talc used in paper industry were summarized. The economy and technology status of talc in the future paper market is mostly from its functional properties. The talc with high quality is mainly utilized as pitch control agent and coating pigment; the low quality talc and its compound prod-ucts are mostly utilized as paper filler; and the black talc has abundant reserves and potential markets. The research direction is the development of related process technology, equipment and the application technology. Meanwhile, the developing method and characteristics of related technology and product were discussed.


edu Abstract' - Thispaperanalyzes themaximumsteady throughput and optimummediaaccesscontrol (MAC)ofa randomaccess systemoverchannels withretransmission gain. Thechannel isdefined by thepacket detection probability ofeachuserasa function ofthenumbersofpacket transmissions and collisions. Themaximumsteady throughput and stability region fortwo-user channels areobtained inclosed form.Theconditions thatthemaximum throughput isreached withcontrol-free MAC are obtained. Thewell-known results oftheorthogonal andtheALOHA channels areshowntobespecial instances of our results. The throughputs of multiuser symmetric channels and thegeneral multiuser asymmetric channel arefurther obtained. A practical random accessCDMA channel exploiting retransmission diversity isanalyzed based onthemodel.Numerical result confirms withthe analytical results. Itisconclude thatretransmission gaincansignificantly increase throughput and expandstability region.


Liposomes have been used to deliver DNA, drugs and, more recently, nanoparticles such as quantum dots, into living cells. Their electrostatic interaction with cell's surface (negatively charged) can lead to membrane destabilization and/or fusion, facilitating intracellular release of those compounds. Nevertheless, cationic lipids can modify living cells homeostasis, depending on their concentration. In this study, we observed that the DOTAP cationic lipid concentrations influence the red blood cells (RBCs) homeostasis. We used fluorescent fusogenic liposomes composed by three lipids: DOPE, DOTAP and DPPE-Rhodamine (1:0.1/0.3/0.5/0.8/1:0.1 mM respectively), varying DOTAP from 0.1 to 1 mM. To probe liposomes ability to fuse with cells, RBCs (1% in saline) were utilized. Liposomes were characterized by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Their interaction with RBCs was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Zeta potential results showed that, from 0.1 to 1 mM concentration, the charge increases, due to the addition of DOTAP. Liposomes' diameter does not vary significantly when more DOTAP was added, except for the one containing 0.1 mM of DOTAP, according to DLS results. Flow cytometry and microscopy analysis showed that for all DOTAP' concentration applied, the liposomes were capable to label RBCs. However, as higher the amount of DOTAP in liposomes, the more harmful they were to cells. Thus, the results showed that it is possible to use lower concentrations of DOTAP keeping the fusogenic liposomes's ability and cell homeostasis. This is important to guarantee a greater efficiency in the delivery of nanoparticles or other active samples into cells.


Objectives
To detect the expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) in corpus cavernosum and explore the possible role of TRPM8 in erectile.

Methods
Quantitative real time RT-PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of TRPM8. Immunofluorescence staining was also conducted to identify the cellular localization of the encoded protein.

Results
The higher mRNA expression of TRPM8 was detected, with levels equivalent to (0.35±0.147)% of GAPDH. Increased TRPM8 protein was localized to the endothelium and smooth muscle in the penile corpus cavernosum.

Conclusions
The increased expression of TRPM8 in penile corpus cavernosum might play a role in penile erection.

Key words:
Corpus Cavernosum; Rats; trasient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8


The present paper explores the relationship between thematic structure and cognition from the relationship between language and thought, functional-cognitive view, prominence view, and the notion of perspective to show that the choice of theme is determined by the speaker/author's cognition and that analysis of thematic structure of a given discourse can reflect the speaker/writer's cognition. This contributes to the exploration of the relationship between functional language structure and cognition.


One of the most fundamental concepts of evolutionary dynamics is the 'fixation' probability, i.e. the probability that a gene spreads through the whole population. Most natural communities are geographically structured into habitats exchanging individuals among themselves. The topology of the migration patterns is believed to influence the spread of a new mutant, but no general analytical results were known for its fixation probability. We show that, for large populations, the fixation probability of a beneficial mutation can be evaluated for any migration pattern between local communities. Specifically, we demonstrate that for large populations, in the framework of the Voter model of the Moran model, the fixation probability is always smaller than or, at best, equal to the fixation probability of a non-structured population. In the 'invasion processes' version of the Moran model, the fixation probability can exceed that of a non-structured population; our method allows migration patterns to be classified according to their amplification effect. The theoretical tool we have developed in order to perform these computations uses the fixed points of the probability-generating function which are obtained by a system of second-order algebraic equations.


Several misconceptions found in tunnel construction were analyzed with NATM and charactericstic curve of surrounding rock-support structure,which included the role of the tunnel secondary lining,construction time of secondary lining and backfilling of the empty between linig and surrounding rock.Through the analysis,hazards of these misconcetions were pointed out.The conlusion can be consulted by the project management.


Objective Delay in seeking diagnosis of dementia is common in China. Misinformation and poor knowledge about dementia may contribute to it. The study was designed to explore the nationwide dementia literacy among older adults in urban China and to investigate the factors associated with overall dementia literacy. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 3,439 community-dwelling old adults aged 60 and over was recruited from 34 cities in 20 provinces between June 20 and August 20, 2014. All participants were administered the face-to-face mental health literacy questionnaire, which included the prevalence, symptoms, intention, and options for treatment of dementia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with overall dementia literacy. Results The response rate was 87.4%. The overall dementia literacy was 55.5% (SD = 20.9%) among all respondents. The correct response rate was higher for questions on symptoms (58.7–89.6%), but lower for questions on the prevalence (22.2%) and choosing appropriate professional care personnel (22.2%). Being male [OR = 1.256, 95% CI (1.022–1.543)], having lower per capita annual income [OR = 1.314, 95% CI (1.064–1.623)], lower education [OR = 1.462, 95% CI (1.162–1.839)], and suspected depression [OR = 1.248, 95% CI (1.009–1.543)] were negatively associated with overall dementia literacy. Conclusion Dementia literacy among community-dwelling older adults in urban China remains very low, in particular about the impact of dementia and appropriate treatment personnel. Community educational programs aiming to close this knowledge gap are encouraged to focus on those in the population at highest risk of low dementia literacy.


After clearing an over voltage surge superimposed on the AC line voltage by gas discharge tube (GDT) the follow-on current proceeds to flow between electrodes of spark gap due to the ignition of arc. Regarding the self-interrupting capacity of GDT it extinguishes in the next current zero moment. In order to avoid the necessity of backup breaking devices for over voltage protection of AC power circuits, self extinguishing phenomena in spark gap were investigated due to the adequate approach for the increase of breaking performance of GDT.


Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a unique family of protease inhibitor containing mobile reactive center loop. The availability of genome sequences of pigeonpea, soybean, commanbean, cowpea, mungbean and adzuki bean provided an opportunity to search for the serpin genes. A total of seven serpin genes were identified in the above legume genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of legume serpins, devided them into two major clades (Clade-I:VanSerpin, VraSerpin, VunSerpin, PvuSerpin and clade-II: GmaSerpin1, GmaSerpin2 and CcaSerpin) based on conserved reactive center (P2-P1'), domains and exon-intron boundary in the gene structure. The common reactive center of all the seven serpins indicated their ability to target cognate proteases and play an important role in response to insects, fungal pathogens and also the drought.


Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukemia. It is proposed that BLV is restricted to bovines, but there are some reports of its presence in humans and its possible relationship with breast cancer. Considering that any relation or association between this virus and breast cancer could be relevant to human public health and to cattle producers worldwide, it is crucial that several research groups keep investigating in the topic with the aim of confirming the role that this virus should have in breast cancer development. Due to the lack of a vaccine, prevention and control strategies should be implemented by governments where livestock is rising.


The efficiency of an apparatus which uses a forced lubrication system, as well as the useful life of its components, is strongly related to the degree of contamination of lubricating oil. The presence of contaminants and the degradation of the oil itself cause it to release substances that fouling of the wall of the pipes. The cleaning and dialysis of the oil pipes, besides prolonging the life of the lubricant reduces wear of the components. There are several methods of cleaning in pipes, the problem is that some have abrasive characteristics, which could damage some types pipes. Among the non-abrasive methods stand the Flushing and Air scouring. Flushing uses the lubricating oil which circulates in temperatures alternating and high speeds, for generating turbulence to perform washing. The Air scouring method uses oil and filtered compressed air, injected into pipe, to generating higher flow, causing the power supply unit with fluid can work with lower power consumption and higher speeds, removing fouling of the pipe. The objective of this research is to evaluate the Reynolds number to correlate with the efficiency of cleaning the pipe. The method applied was the Air scouring and it was verified that the qualitative effects may occur when compared to Flushing. After testing, it was found that the chosen method brings significant changes in flow, and this flow regime varies considerably increasing the Reynolds number.


Total RNA of sugarcane stem was extracted from sugar juice,bagasse and mixture of juice and bagasse by using the methods of isothiocyanate and Trizol Reagent Kit. The results showed that 28S rRNA,18S rRNA and 5S rRNA were extracted from sugar juice and mixture of juice and bagasse, and 5S RNA was extracted from bagasse only.Transcriptional level of mRNA extracted from sugar juice can stand for mRNA transcriptional level of sugarcane stem. Total RNA purity and yield from sugar juice extracted by isothiocyanate method was higher than that by Trizol Reagent Kit method.


The dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) requires efficient routing protocols for better performance. It is challenging to provide a universal routing protocol that performs well in all scenarios of VANETs. A routing protocol is challenged by vehicle speed, position, and network density. VANETs for highways are dependent on speed and direction of vehicles thus requiring customized routing protocols. This paper presents a novel direction and relative speed (DARS)-based routing protocol for highways using a single-hop packet forwarding approach. It selects the next hop using DARS of the vehicle. The experiments show significant improvement in packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and Jain's fairness index for proposed protocol compared to direction-based ad hoc on demand distance vector.


Understanding the defect feature of GaAs(001) in the formation of midgap state is significant in gaining new insights for its applications in efficient photoconductive detection and emission in terahertz (THz) technology. In this work, we investigate the role of surface point defects in the structural and electronic properties of GaAs(001)-β2(2×4) based on density functional theory (DFT). Midgap states were found even on surfaces with high formation energies relative to the clean surface as seen in their band structures. The formation of these states is attributed to the redistribution of charges and supports the observed two-step photon absorption in experiments.


Realistic modelling of wheel-rail contact is necessary for true analysis of railway vehicle system. This study reviews the rail-wheel contact models with their related computer software programs in detail. The phenomenon of creepage and creep-force is studied in detail in this paper. An insight is presented to linear and non-linear model developed by Carter, Kalker, Johnson &Vermeulen, Halling, Haines and Ollerton and related programs based on their theories. Advanced wheel-rail contact theory is also reviewed in this paper.


On June 25 2002, the Copyright Amendment Act (9 of 2002) and the Performers' Protection Amendment Act (8 of 2002) respectively amended those acts by introducing needle-time rights. The term "needle-time rights" refers to the right of an owner of a sound recording (embodying a musical work) and the performer of the musical work, to receive a royalty in respect of the broadcast, or performance, of that sound recording.


This is a work about the application of OREM's Theory in the Rooming-in System, in order to determine the deficiencies of individual's capacities for execution of self-care measures


This study ventured to produce cakes with Mabolo fruit as main ingredient. Mabolo fruit was used because many do not like to eat it due to its strong unpleasant cheese-like odor. The study determined the acceptability of the three treatments of Mabolo Cake (To-Plain Mabolo Cake, T1-Mabolo Cake with Cinnamon and Raisins and T2-Mabolo Cake with Molasses) which were developed at BISU Main Campus, Tagbilaran City. The three treatments were sensory evaluated by the twenty-fi ve (25) panelists using the 9-point Hedonic scale sheet. The study used experimental and descriptive survey methods and employed ANOVA for its statistical treatment.The fi ndings revealed that the three treatments of Mabolo Cake used the basic ingredients for cake such as fl our, eggs, vegetable oil, baking soda, baking powder, sugar, evaporated milk, and vanilla with the addition of cinnamon and raisins in T1 and molasses in T2.The study concludes that Mabolo cake with molasses ranked fi rst in appearance liking, while Plain Mabolo Cake topped in texture, odor, taste and overall liking. Mabolo cake is generally acceptable.It is recommended that Mabolo fruit as ingredient for cake or any baked products be considered in the baking industry. Information dissemination to this eff ect be done. Keywords - Diospyrus blancoi, mabolo cake, technology


Nutritional characteristics of alfalfa was analyzed including crude protein,carbohydrates,vitamin,mineral and biological activity composition.Influencing factors of alfalfa nutritional value were also elaborated.


The article analyzes the content of the EU CCI in the conditions of Soviet enterprises. The tasks and additional procedures in the project of preparation of production and release of a new product that allow for the production of machine-building products in modern conditions of competition between domestic enterprises and international machine-building corporations are highlighted.


We estimate the performances of future long haul and high bit rate systems based on fluoride glass fibre technology, taking into account non linear effects. It is shown that capacity links of 1000 (Gbit/s)2.km at 2.5 μm can be realized, either with direct or coherent detection, if total attenuation of cabled fibre can be lowered down to 0.03 to 0.05 dB/km. Guidelines for the design of the fibre are given.


Although working in academic library acquisitions departments since 1974, the first meeting I remember being organised specifically for acquisitions librarians was the first Alan Armstrong acquisitions conference in November 1982. Until then, acquisitions librarians in my experience had only occasional contact with each other and the book trade through visits to and from their suppliers, and by attending general library conferences and exhibitions. Interesting and enjoyable as the Armstrong conferences were, public sector librarians balked increasingly at the cost — particularly as cuts in funding took effect on library budgets.


In recent years, the digital sand table has gradually replaced the entity sand table and become a new way of 3D scene sand table display. Unity3d platform has the characteristics of accurate data expression, strong expressiveness and interactivity. Therefore, the optimization method of virtual sand table back-end server based on unity3d is optimized. In this paper, a regional digital sand table is designed and implemented, and the key technologies are analyzed and studied. A set of technical schemes of using unity3d platform to build digital sand table is summarized and verified. The experimental results show that, the optimization method of virtual sand table background server based on unity3d has high practicability and fully meets the research requirements.


A theory of group interaction with a focus on the trajectories of relevant variables as they change over time is developed in this paper. The four major components of the group interaction process (communication, conflict, involvement, and centralization) are presented and conceptually defined, and the nature of their interdependence is discussed. For the major components, the paper defines a set of actual values, a set of expectancies, and a set of discrepancies. Based on these variables, it then presents a set of difference equations, a set of differential equations, and a computer simulation as three forms of the model of the group interaction process. It suggests a time series study for collecting the necessary data to test the model. Appropriate methods cf analyzing the data and testing the model are also discussed. (FL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT DP EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI . This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. y, Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. _ UN Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE position m policy. A DYNAMIC MODEL OF GROUP INTERACTION Connie L. Bauer, Ronnie Kurchrier-Hawkins, and Eric M. Eisenberg Department of Communication Michigan State University East Lansing, MI (517) 353-5035 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


BRAF was identified as an oncogene in skin melanoma in 2002, and since 2011 has been a therapeutic target in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The role of BRAF mutation in tumour initiation and the disease course remains to be elucidated.


The present invention increases the utility of the ultimate communication architecture for transferring data between the on-chip circuitry, and offer the communication structure to eliminate waiting for the master to use the bus. And a direct memory access controller for a communication system according to the present invention are responsible for high-capacity data communication between the memory and the peripheral device, directly connected with the memory access controller, a header and containing information and continuous transmission length for the position of the passive circuit transmitted to the passive circuit the starting address from the active circuit, and a direct memory access controller and the communication switch to send and receive data, and a direct memory access controller and a memory controller to exchange data and address. According to the present invention, eliminates the active circuit request delay between the on-chip circuit, and can execute a data transfer number of active circuits at the same time, can also quickly and controls the communication congestion between them a large amount of data communication rate between the passive circuit is. Communication structure, a direct memory access controller (DMAC) between the on-chip circuit,


In this article, author describe a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC) approach to DC-DC converter and rectifier with resonator for underwater wireless power transfer (UWPT) and underwater solar array charging. The proposed paper investigates the wireless power propagation model for TI-ADC with neural network (NN) based UWPT. The proposed neural network algorithms also can support fault detection for solar array charging. In the proposed calibration TI-ADC, a pilot signal is sent to train the neural network and then the sampled signals could be directly calibrated with the trained network.


A new adaptive histogram equalization method is presented for image contrast enhancement.The inverse distance weighted interpolation is used to replace the bilinear interpolation operation in the non-overlapped sub-block histogram equalization method.The weighted value of the inverse distance weighted interpolation is used to describe the dependency between pixels in the image.Then the local contrast can be easily adjusted by changing the weighted exponent.In addition,the smoothing effect can be controlled through setting the smoothing parameter.The feasibility of this method is validated by experiments on remote sensing images.


The reason of mechanical excitation automobile damper test bench mechanism error occurrence and its bad effects to the test results are analyzed, with some efficient compensation methods proposed on the basis of interpolation.


We follow the careers 1981-2004 of 5401 star scientists listed in ISI HighlyCitedSM as most highly cited by their peers. Their number in a US region or a top-25 science and technology (S&T) country significantly increases the probability of firm entry in the S&T field in which they are working. Stars rather than their disembodied discoveries are key for high-tech entry. Stars become more concentrated over time, moving disproportionately from areas with few peers in their discipline to many, except for a countercurrent of some foreign-born American stars returning home. High impact articles and university articles all tend to diffuse. America has 62 percent of the world's stars as residents, primarily because of its research universities which produce them. Migration plays a significant role in some developing countries.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are at increased risk of both ischemic and bleeding complications. The optimal anticoagulation strategy in these patients is uncertain. Therefore, we compared bivalirudin to heparin monotherapy in a contemporary cohort of such patients. Methods: A prespecified subgroup analysis of elderly patients with myocardial infarction (≥75 years) from the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial (Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial) was performed. In the trial, patients were randomized to either bivalirudin or heparin monotherapy during percutaneous coronary intervention, with mandatory potent P2Y12 inhibition, routine radial artery access, and only bail-out glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition. Kaplan-Meier event rates were assessed for the primary end point, consisting of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial reinfarction, or major bleeding, within 180 days. Results: The elderly (n=1592) had more than twice the risk of all events compared with younger patients (n=4406). Baseline and periprocedural characteristics were equal between bivalirudin (n=799) and heparin (n=793) treated patients ≥75 years. No differences were found in the elderly between bivalirudin and heparin monotherapy regarding the primary end point (180-day all-cause death, myocardial reinfarction, or major bleeding), the individual components of the primary end point, definite stent thrombosis, or stroke. Conclusions: In this prespecified subgroup analysis of the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial, elderly patients with myocardial infarction had a highly increased risk of all events. However, no difference in outcomes could be observed with an anticoagulation strategy with either bivalirudin or heparin as monotherapy in this patient group.


Purpose: The study aimed to reveal the Predictive ability between moral motivation and academic identity patterns among Yarmouk University Students. Method: This descriptive and comparative study used a sample of (502) students, selected in the manner available from Yarmouk University, during the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. Results: The results showed a high level of moral motivation, and its areas except for the field (social system) which came in a medium level. The results indicated that there were differences in the areas of moral motivation (social order, social justice) attributable to the gender variable and in the interest of males, in the area of (non-harm to others) in favor of females, and differences in the areas (restraint, social justice) attributable to the variable rate and to the benefit of students with excellent appreciation, while the results showed no differences in the level of moral motivation as a whole due to variables: gender, gpa, academic year, academic specialization. The results also showed a moderate level of academic identity patterns, except for the pattern of "troubled identity", which came at a low level among yarmouk university students. The results revealed differences in academic identity patterns (disturbed) due to the impact of sex, for males, the pattern of academic identity (achieved) and for females. Differences in the pattern of academic identity (troubled) are due to the impact of the academic rate in favor of students with the lowest academic rate, the pattern of academic identity (achieved) and the benefit of students with the higher academic rate. The results also showed a negative correlation function statistically between ethical motivation and both the pattern of academic identity (disturbed, suspended), and a positively correlational ability that was statistically functioning between moral motivation and the pattern of academic identity (achieved). Finally, the results revealed a predictive capacity for the two types of academic identity (achieved, and disturbed) by motivation, which together accounted for 8.7% of the overall variation interpreted for moral motivation. Conclusion: Guiding and training students to build an identity that fulfills its positive role in developing moral motivation and enhancing it to practice ethical behaviors during their college life.


It is becoming clear that the field of medicine needs to change to stay affordable. One way of doing that is by optimizing the patients journey with true personalized medicine approaches. In other words, how to give every patient the right drug, at the right moment for the optimal duration. Recent advances in molecular techniques have truly revolutionized research into molecular fingerprinting – classification of clinical phenomena on the basis of a molecular basis rather than a diagnosis based on organ, symptoms or clinical criteria. This makes personalized medicine reachable within the coming years. In my presentation I will dive in to the various molecular technologies (multi-omics) to achieve molecular fingerprinting of patients. Next, I will explain the computational techniques necessary to process the big data originating from the molecular processes enabling researchers to visualize big data from clinicians and patients. Finally, I will provide several examples of how these exercises might improve care for patients covering the space of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). At the end of my presentation I will show how big data can be used for drug discovery, immune monitoring in clinical trials and/or daily clinical practice as well as drug repurposing. Together, I will provide a glimpse of the future on personalized healthcare within the field of RMDs. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Apparatus for processing the feedstock to melt or semi-molten state (10). Apparatus (10) includes an inner surface, an inlet (18) for receiving the feed, a cylindrical portion having an outlet (20) for discharging the material (12). Side wall of the cylindrical portion (12) has an outer shell (62) comprises three layers, referred to as an intermediate layer (64) and liner (66). Intermediate layer (64) is disposed between the outer shell (62) and liner (66) is formed of a soft material than the material forming the outer shell (62) and liner (66). The presence of the intermediate layer (64), the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the cylindrical portion (12) is minimized.


The present invention concerns the use, for the production of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising at least one aqueous phase, of a branched or crosslinked polymer obtained by polymerisation of an aqueous solution of one or a plurality of monomers in water-in-oil inverse emulsion, at least one of the monomers used being an acrylic monomers and one or a plurality of the monomers used being a monomer carrying at least one weak acid function, the molar percentage of monomers carrying at least one weak acid function relative to all the monomers used being at least equal to 30%, characterised in that: i) polymerisation is carried out with a concentration of all the monomers in aqueous solution belonging to the range of 1.3 mmol to 3.6 mmol per gram of aqueous solution, ii) during polymerisation, at most 20% of the acid functions present on the monomers have at least one acid function in neutralised form; the cosmetic and dermatological compositions obtained in this way and the uses thereof for the cosmetic and dermatological treatment of keratin materials.


One dimensional active metamaterials with broadband controllable bending stiffness are studied in this paper. The key unit of the active metamaterials is composed of a host beam and piezoelectric patches bonded on the beam surfaces. These patches serve as sensors or actuators. An appropriate feedback control law is proposed in order to change the bending stiffness of the active unit. The input of the control law is the voltage on the sensors, the output is the voltage applied on the actuators. Due to the control, bending stiffness of the active unit is (1 + α) times of that of the bare host beam, α being a design parameter in the control law. The bending stiffness can be tuned to desired value by changing α. The performances of the controlled bending stiffness are analytically and numerically studied, the stability issues are also discussed. The active units are first used in a spatial periodic waveguide to have tunable band gaps, then they are integrated in a spatiotemporal periodic waveguide to realize non-reciprocal wave propagation. Performances of the two waveguides are numerically studied.


This project is a part of the continuing Smolt Monitoring Program (SMP) to monitor Columbia Basin salmonid stocks coordinated by the Fish Passage Center (FPC). The SMP provides timely data to the Fish Passage Managers for in season flow and spill management for fish passage and post-season analysis by the FPC for travel time, relative magnitude and timing of the smolt migration. Sampling sites were McNary, John Day and Bonneville Dams under the SMP, and the Dalles Dam under the Fish Spill Memorandum of Agreement'' for 1989. All pertinent fish capture, condition and brand data, as well as dam operations and river flow data were incorporated into the FPC Fish Passage Data Information System (FPDIS). 15 refs., 6 figs., 6 tabs.


The pathophysiology of Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC) remodeling is based on the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in heart tissue and on a complex inflammatory response that leads to a myocardium fibrosis and alterations in conductive and functional heart parameters. New strategies are emerged to avoid this cardiac inflammation/remodeling during CC. Here, we evaluated the role of statins and the exercise training (ET) on the inflammatory response and on heart functionality using the dog model due its high similarity to human CC. Male and female Mongrel dogs (4 months) infected with Y strain of T.cruzi were, previously, submitted to a standardized treadmill testing using the blood lactate threshold as a condition to define the training cardiac frequency. Dogs (n=20) were trained and/or treated orally with 20mg of Simvastatin (Sanval) daily during three (acute phase) and six months (chronic phase). Animals were submitted to the ECG, echocardiogram and immune-pathology evaluations. Our preliminary results showed that ET increases the plasma concentration of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 after 6 months of ET while Simvastatin was able to normalize the plasmatic level of these cytokines during acute and chronic phase of infection. In addition, Simvastatin reduces the inflammatory infiltration/fibrosis in heart tissue from sedentary and ET, avoiding inflammatory-induced cardiac remodeling and ameliorating functional ventricular parameters (delta D, cardiac index, ejection fraction and the end diastolic/systolic diameter of left ventricle) in those trained dogs. Our data suggest that statins must be better investigated as a complementary and/or prophylactic therapy against cardiac remodeling in CC, especially by its capacity to bring good benefits to immune and ventricular parameters, specially, in association with aerobic labor activities.


During the last years the campaign of mass digitization made available catalogues and valuable rare manuscripts and old printed books vie the Internet. The Manuscriptorium digital library (Uhli and Knoll 2009) ingested hundreds of volumes and it is expected that the volume will grow up in the next years. Other European initiatives like Europeana (Europeana 2009) and Monasterium (Monasterium 2009) have also as central activities the online presentation of cultural heritage. With the growing of the available on-line volumes, a special attention was paid to the management and retrieval of documents within digital libraries. Enabling semantic technologies and intelligent linking and search are a big step forward, but they still do not succeed in making the content of old rare books intelligible to the broad public or specialists in other domains or languages. In this paper we will argue that multilingual language technologies have the potential to fill this gap. We overview the existent language resources for historical documents, and present an architecture which aims at presenting such texts to the normal user, without altering the character of the texts


Marine growth has been observed to cause a drop in the horizontal and vertical velocities of underwater gliders, thus making them unresponsive and needing immediate recovery. Currently, no strategies exist to correctly identify the onset of marine growth for gliders and only limited datasets of biofouled hulls exist. Here, a field test has been run to investigate the impact of marine growth on the dynamics of underwater gliders. A Slocum glider was deployed first for eight days with drag stimulators to simulate severe biofouling; then the vehicle was redeployed with no additions to the hull for a further 20 days. The biofouling caused a speed reduction due to a significant increase in drag. Additionally, the lower speed causes the steady-state flight stage to last longer and thus a shortening of mission duration. As actual biofouling due to p. pollicipes happened during the deployment, it was possible to develop and test a system that successfully detects and identifies high levels of marine growth on the glider using steady-state flight data. The system will greatly help pilots re-plan missions to safely recover the vehicle if significant biofouling is detected.


2. L a t t i c e s A lattice L in R n is a set generated by finitely many linearly independent vectors B\F...FBK of R n ; L = {2Z*=Bl ZIBI | ZY; € Z } . We call B\}..., B^ a basis of the lat t ice. Basis is not uniquely de termined by a lat t ice. Suppose & i , . . . , 6 n is & basis of a latt ice L in R n . Let M be an N x N matr ix with integral coefficients such t h a t DETM = ± 1 . Then B\F...,VN, where B[ — M also form a basis for L. This is because M~ = ADJ(M)/DET M = ±ADJ(M) is also an integral matr ix and we have 6t= M~~ B[. Conversely if B\,...\VN is a basis of L and 6 = M BI, where M is an n x n integral matr ix , then DETM = ±1. To prove this we note tha t there exists an integral matr ix N such t h a t 6 t = N B'IF as BTL9...9B'N form a basis. Fur ther M and N are the inverses of each other . Hence DET(M) DET{N) = 1. As M and N are integer matr ices , this implies tha t DET(M) = ± 1 and DET(N) = ± 1 . Above mentioned integer t ransformat ions with de te rminan t ± 1 are called unimodular t ransformations. The part icularly interest ing unimodular t ransfomat ions are: (1) Adding an integer mult iple of one of the basis vectors to another . (2) Multiplying some basis vector by —1. It should now be clear t h a t the positive real number \DET(B\,..., 6 n ) | depends only on L and not on the choice of the basis; it is called the de te rminan t of L and is denoted by D(L). We can in terpret D(L) as the volume of the parallelopiped Y^=I[°Y where [0, 1) = {X G R | 0 < X < 1}. This inerpreta t ion leads to the inequality of Hadamard : We shall prove later in this section t h a t L has a basis 6 i , . . . , 6 n such t h a t the following opposite inequality holds: M < n r = i N (2.1)


This letter presents a characterization of the vertical plane propagation in terms of the satellite elevation angle for different mechanisms of propagation. The effect of blockage by buildings on the received signal level versus the satellite elevation angle at L-band for urban environments is performed using the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 336–338, 2000.


New generations of high strength aluminum alloys are increasingly used in automotive industry. AA7075 is one of the strongest aluminum alloys in industrial use today. The outstanding strength properties open the possibility to use this alloy in automotive industry as a possible alternative material for car body elements instead of steels. Growing industrial demand of aluminum alloys led to the development new technologies, processes. Solution heat treatment, forming, and in-die quenching is one such technology. In our research work the different parts of the heat affected zone of AA7075-T6 high strength aluminum were examined. The thermal cycle of the heat affected zone was tested at four different temperatures (280 °C, 380 °C, 440 °C, 550 °C) with the help of physical simulation. The aim was to define the softening tendency of the heat affected zone after gas tungsten arc welding. Two heat input values 100 J/mm and 200 J/mm were selected in order to simulate a low and a high heat input welding at the given sheet thickness and welding technology by the application of Rykalin 2D model. Then the most critical subzone was selected for the further investigations. Therefore, the 380 °C temperature was examined in case of five more technical processes, which based on the solution heat treatment, forming, and in-die quenching process. The properties of the investigated subzone were examined by optical microscope and hardness test.


With the growing size of wireless communication systems, new challenges are emerging. One of the main topics concerns the actual topology to route e ciently information in the network. In particular, the exact localization of the intelligence is of paramount importance. Two complementary views dominate, either managing through a central controller (network centric) or letting the users themselves administrate the network (user centric). This thesis focuses on the performance analysis of wireless communication systems, and introducing mechanisms to improve their e ciency, especially in a distributed context. The research is characterized by the novel use of sophisticated methodologies for analyzing wireless networks: random matrix theory and game theory. The purpose is to deliver an optimal quality of service to users, under constraints like energy consumption and limited knowledge of the environment. A rst part of the work concerns applications of random matrix theory and unitary random matrix theory to the optimization of large cellular networks. As multiuser networks grow large, the amount of interfering communications increases, and simulations involve a huge number of (random) parameters. The self-averaging e ect of random matrix theory enables to elegantly single out parameters of interest in asymptotic systems, when the number of chips, antennas or carriers and the number of users both grow very large with xed ratio. Even if the results are obtained in the asymptotic regime, they give very accurate predictions of the system behavior in the nite size case, as shown by simulations. The performance analysis of centralized systems may serve as a benchmark, compared to the user centric case when mobiles take individual decisions based upon their local information. A second part of the work is devoted to applying game theoretical frameworks to distributed multiuser schemes. Game theory provides a vast array of tools to study all kinds of interactions among sel sh players who reason strategically in order to take rational decisions. With the increasing interest in deployment of self-organizing networks, it is very alluring to consider mobiles as independent actors that demonstrate such characteristics. A few sub elds of game theory, which we were the rst to introduce in a network context, are particularly promising. Correlated games enable to include a coordination mechanism between players, while evolutionary games provide additional properties of robustness of equilibrium strategies. In the asymptotic regime, the relevant framework is non-atomic games, studying interactions of dense populations where the behavior of a single individual has a negligible impact on the welfare of the population as a whole. Such frameworks enable to derive e cient distributed schemes.


In this article we consider upwind finite difference schemes for a class of linear conservation laws with memory. Assuming the positivity of the kernel, it is proved by using the energy estimates that the upwind finite difference scheme, explicit or implicit, is stable and convergent to the real solution. The numerical results of some examples, including Burger's equation with memory, are reported; the effect of memory is also discussed based on the numerical results. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper introduces a graphical method for visually presenting and exploring the results of multiple queries simultaneously. This method allows a user to visually compare multiple query result sets, explore various combinations among the query result sets, and identify the "best" matches for combinations of multiple independent queries. This approach might also help users explore methods for progressively improving queries by visually comparing the improvement in result sets.


This paper introduces the requirements of Operating System course in the major of electric information.In order to improve the teaching quality,the authors probe and practise some measures in preparing the teaching materials,teaching process and practicing and so on.The instruction effects and students' programming skill are improved significantly by using these methods.And now students have a good platform to communicate with teachers.At the end of this paper,we state the future work we will do.


Employability is one of the strongest driving forces of an individual to strive for personal development and skills improvement continually. Among the job seekers of the municipality of Tuburan, on the island of Cebu, Philippines, 20 aspiring individuals were purposively chosen to undergo a training series using contextualized learning modules designed to respond to the required skills by identified prospective employers directly. Sets of pre-and post-tests were given before and after the conduct of the sessions to measure the effects of the designed modules on the job application skills of the respondents. After the training sessions, the respondents were asked to apply for jobs while being monitored by the team. The results demonstrated that using contextualized learning modules significantly enhanced respondents' abilities in terms of resume writing, interview preparation, and technical skills like using Microsoft Office and Google productivity tools, basic computer operations, and using the internet and managing emails. The researchers advise using the learning modules and maximizing their adaptability to the starting points of job seekers' knowledge.


The invention relates to a radiation-selective absorber coating (20) of absorber tubes (13) of parabolic trough collectors (10), having at least two barrier layers (24a, 24b) arranged thereon in the infrared range reflective layer (21), at least one via the reflective layer (21) arranged absorption layer (22) and arranged with a above the absorption layer (22) anti-reflection layer (23). The invention relates to an absorber tube (13) with a tube (1) made of steel and such an applied on the outside of absorber coating (20). Further, a method for producing such absorber tube (13) is introduced, after which a first oxide barrier layer (24a) on a stainless steel tube by thermal oxidation, a second barrier layer (24b) by means of physical vapor deposition of silicon while supplying oxygen, one in the infrared area reflective layer (21) by means of physical vapor deposition of gold, silver, platinum or copper, an absorption layer (22) by means of simultaneous physical vapor deposition of aluminum and molybdenum, and an anti-reflection layer (23) by physical vapor deposition of silicon under the supply of oxygen is applied.


Objective To assess the potential value of C-arm CT scanning in performing interventional management for hepatic malignancies.Methods Sixty patients underwent hepatic arterial interventions for hepatic malignancies with the help of C-arm CT scanning.The technical and clinical results were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.The operation time for all interventions was recorded.C-arm CT scanning data were three-dimensionally reconstructed.Compared to conventional DSA findings,the information obtained from C-arm CT scanning was classified as grade 1(providing no additional information),grade 2(providing additional information but having no help to interventional procedure),and grade 3(providing additional information useful for interventional procedure).The difference in operation time between using C-arm CT scanning and not using C-arm CT scanning was statistically analyzed with t-test.Results A total of 230 interventional sessions were performed,of which C-arm CT scanning was employed in 91(40%).Of the 91 procedures with C-arm CT scanning,grade 2 and grade 3 scores were obtained in 40(43.9%) and 23(25.3%) respectively.When C-arm CT scanning was employed the mean procedure time was significantly longer(mean increase of 18.5 minutes) than that with no use of C-arm CT scanning(P 0.01).Conclusion C-arm CT scanning is of great value in clearly displaying hepatic malignancies and tumor vessels and in monitoring Lipiodol deposition,which is very helpful for guiding interventional management.Moreover,C-arm CT scanning can provide more additional imaging information than conventional DSA although the operation time is a little bit increased.


"After years of hearing how much I should dread the teen years, what a wonderful surprise it was when I found that living with teenagers could actually be not just a pleasant experience, but a fulfilling and wonderful adventure…" This transcript of a two-minute Family Album Radio broadcast was published by the UF Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, March 2012.


In this paper, we consider the existence of square-mean piecewise almost periodic solutions for impulsive fractional stochastic evolution equations involving Caputo fractional derivative. The main results are obtained by means of the theory of operators semi-group, fractional calculus, fixed point technique and stochastic analysis theory and methods adopted directly from deterministic fractional equations. Some known results are improved and generalized.


Brown's syndrome can be congenital or acquired with multiple causes. It has been described as a ocular complication in various rheumatic and nonrheumatic diseases. We describe a case of 27-year-old female patient with 5 years old history of systemic scleroderma who developed vertical diplopia, a left head tilt, and restriction of left eye on elevation in adduction. The patient responded to systemic steroids with resolution of diplopia.


Objective: To investigate the impact of Alexander Technique lessons on balance and mobility in older adults with visual impairments. Design: Randomized assessor blinded controlled trial with intervention and usual care control groups. Setting: Participants' homes. Subjects: A total of 120 community-dwellers aged 50+ with visual impairments. Intervention: Twelve weeks of Alexander lessons and usual care. Main outcome measures: Short Physical Performance Battery items were primary outcomes at 3 months and secondary outcomes at 12 months. Additional secondary outcomes were postural sway, maximal balance range and falls over 12 months. Results: Between-group differences in primary outcomes were not significant. The intervention group reduced postural sway on a firm surface with eyes open at 3 months after adjusting for baseline values (–29.59 mm, 95%CI −49.52 to −9.67, P < 0.01). Planned sub-group analyses indicated a greater intervention effect among past multiple-fallers (2+) than non-multiple fallers for gait speed (P = 0.02) and step length (P < 0.01) at 3 months and chair stand at 12 months (P < 0.01). There was a non-significant reduction in falls rate (IRR = 0.64, 95%CI 0.34 to 1.15, P = 0.13) and injurious falls (IRR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.30, P = 0.20) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The intervention did not have a significant impact on the primary outcomes but benefits for the intervention group in postural sway, trends towards fewer falls and injurious falls and improved mobility among past multiple-fallers suggest further investigation of the Alexander Technique is warranted.


Done well, providing more time for students to learn can be a lever for forcing schools to rethink how teachers teach and how they lead.


The invention discloses an SBA-15 loaded iron-cobalt oxide catalyst, a preparation method and an application thereof in wastewater treatment. The SBA-15 loaded iron-cobalt oxide catalyst comprises 80.0-95.0% of SBA-15 and 5.0-20.0% of iron cobalt oxide, wherein a molar ratio of iron to cobalt in the iron-cobalt oxide is 1:1 to 4:1. The SBA-15 loaded iron-cobalt oxide catalyst is obtained by adding aminoacetic acid into a salt solution containing ferric nitrate and cobalt nitrate, stirring uniformly, then adding SBA-15; stirring for 22-26 hours; heating to a temperature of 280-300 DEG C to carry out a combustion reaction; drying a combustion product and transferring the combustion product into a muffle furnace for calcinations. The catalyst can be used for treating printing and dyeing wastewater. The catalyst provided by the invention is simple in preparation method and low in cost, and has high catalytic activity, low dissolution of metal ions and good stability. The catalyst is mild in reaction conditions and good in treating effect for treating the wastewater.


This chapter explores the relationship between genre and orientation by means of studies of two films with heavily nested narratives that are distinguished by genre: Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Lana Wachowski, Lilly Wachowski, 2012) and The Forbidden Room (Guy Maddin and Evan Johnson, 2015). The more distinct narrative levels a film contains, the more opportunities for metalepsis, and hence for the generation of disorientating effects. But these two films indicate the range of possible ways that complexity and disorientation may relate to one another. Structural diagrams of the two films demonstrate that simplicity of structure by no means necessarily results in ease of orientation for viewers.


Provided is a fingerprint identification system based on a raster structure and a microprism array, comprising a light source, an optical waveguide, a microprism array, a raster, a fingerprint detection area and an image device. The system employs a raster structure on the optical path of a light source entering the optical waveguide, allowing the light emitted by the light source to be diffracted by the raster and then propagate horizontally in the optical waveguide so as to form fingerprint detection light, and controls a raster period to avoid overlapping between a fingerprint identification area and a raster area, thereby guaranteeing the signal to noise ratio of a fingerprint graph; in order to more easily damage the total reflection of the fingerprint identification area, the surface of the optical waveguide is provided with a microstructure of a specific shape to change the normal direction of a total reflection surface, thereby substantially increasing a signal to noise ratio of a fingerprint image, meanwhile greatly reducing the thickness of the optical waveguide, and realizing a miniature and ultra-thin system.


The climatology of winter cyclones crossing the western Great Lakes was investigated. Data concerning storm strength, place of origin, and surface and 500 mb level synoptic characteristics were obtained from the months of October through February, 1955–1976, for 469 cyclones. November cyclones had the lowest mean pressure and strongest pressure gradient of the 5 months examined, but cyclonic frequencies were greatest in December and January. In all months, cyclones originating in the southwestern United States were significantly deeper than storms of northern origins, and these cyclones crossed the western Lakes most frequently in November. In November, cyclogenesis in the southwest was related to departures of the observed flow from the mean monthly mid-tropospheric circulation with trough development over the west. Yearly variations in the number of severe November cyclones were related to differences of mean monthly 500 mb flow.


Unlike common devices based on ring resonators, the structure in Fig. 1.a involves not only 2x2 couplers but also a 3x3 coupler, which means that a 3x3 transfer matrix approach is required to model the system. To the best of our knowledge, no such a model has been developed before. The only model available in the literature is based on a clever recursive 2x2 transfer matrix model [1], which requires lengthy calculations that depend on the chosen boundary conditions and on the particular geometry chosen. The scope of this document is instead to show how to generalize the standard 2x2 transfer matrix approach to cover any system with 3x3 couplers, and calculate the transfer matrix of any complicated system just as a product of simple 3x3 matrices.


The purpose of this study was to develop the soil washing recycling system by Dissolved Air Flotation(DAF) process. DAF Process was applied to contribute to environmental protection from soil restoration work that is friendly remediation of a soil washing process. The contamination removal efficiency was established from the pilot plant of waste soil washing recycling system on S company's oil storage property site in P city. It Measured treatment efficiency of whole soil washing recycling system with CODMn, SS, T-N, n-H(mineral oil), pH. The optimal operating condition of the soil washing recycling system using the Dissolved Air Flotation(DAF) process are hydraculic retention time(HRT) 10min, return ratio(RR) 50%, skimming ratio(SR) 5%.


The inter-laboratory validation study on 5 cytotoxicity assays conducted by JSAAE has been described in the preceding articles (see Validation Articles I V). Presented here are precise data and the protocol of the LDH release assay with two cell lines, HeLa S3 (SC) that is common to the other 4 assays and SQ-5 that is rich in LDH activity. The performance rates in each of the four LDH-release sub-divided assays were extremely low. We concluded that the present LDH release assay is practically immature, although the assay is very informative in principle not only on the cell growth inhibition but also on the cell lysis caused by the tested chemicals.


A kinetic model of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) response in endothelial cells (ECs) activated by dynamic shear stress is developed. Based on the hypothesis of the viscoelastic body, the Kelvin model is adopted to simulate the mechanotransduction process. The NO responses activated by different dynamic shear stress induced by constant flow, pulsatile flow, and oscillatory flow are analyzed through numerical simulations. Furthermore, the interaction between NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been considered for the first time when ECs are exposed to exercise-induced shear stress, with which model prediction and experimental data are in good agreement. This work can also provide valuable insights for further study of biomechanical response in ECs.


We use arcminute-scale data from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Infrared Experiment to set limits on anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation in open and spatially-flat-Lambda cold dark matter cosmogonies. There are no 2-sigma detections for the models tested. The upper limits obtained are consistent with the amplitude of anisotropy detected by the COBE/DMR experiment.


This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage, liquidity, and profitability on financial difficulties. The sample used is the retail sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018–2020. The sample used the purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 13 companies from a total observation of 26 companies. SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) data processing application software was used to test hypotheses using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results showed that leverage had a positive effect on financial difficulties. Liquidity has a negative effect on financial difficulties. Profitability has a negative effect on financial difficulties. This research can be considered in making investment decisions by assessing each financial ratio and other information for accuracy in investing funds and getting the desired return. Companies need to maintain leverage ratios at a reasonable level and not too high, maintain liquidity ratios, and keep their activities at a high enough level to avoid financial difficulties and increase their ability to generate profits.


The studies relate to refueling schemes in the radial blanket of the large fast breeder reactor. The reactor adopted for these studies is a 1,000 MWe sodium cooled, mixed plutonium-uranium oxide fuel unit with a thermal rating of 2,400 MW. Burn-up calculations, combined with different refueling schemes are carried out to determine its characteristics. From the results obtained on power distribution, the coolant flow rates in the core and in the different blanket layers are calculated under the condition of limited cladding temperature. The different refueling schemes are then compared mainly from the standpoint of the the thermal performance of the reactor.


A general expression of three dimensional harmonic function is derived by means of variable separation. Based on this result, also in the light of the Popkovich_Neuber solution and the generalized variational principle, a semi_analytical numerical method for solution of three dimensional problems of elasticity is formulated.


Objective For understanding the molecular characteristics of Hantavirus E-142 strain isolated from Yunnan E.Eleusis.Methods The S complete gene was amplified by RT-PCR and the purified products was cloned into T vector.Results Complete S segment of E-142 was 1 702 nucleotides in length encoding 429 amino acids.It showed 86 6%-90 4% homology with HTN virus,but only 68 3%-69 6% homolgy with SEO viruses at nucleotide level.Conclusion The results suggested that the E-142 strain was a new subtype of HTN virus.


Indonesia's primary energy consumption is dominated by oil, gas and coal. The use of fossil fuels for conventional plants continiously will have a serious impact on Indonesia's electricity system. By developing consumption rapidly, it is estimated that without rewenable energy resources and energy efficiency efforts, Indonesia can become an importer of pure oil soon. To reduce fossil fuels consumtion, especially for electricity power generation, the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy must optimized by utilizing the potential of wind and sun as a renewable energy source for rural electrification. The use of the season is very helpful in production hybrid energy, which during the dry season, the sun will play important role, whereas in the rainy season the wind will have more role in producing a source of electrical energy. Both of these energy sources aim to complete each other in optimizing the electricity produced. The concept of a combination or hybrid between solar panels and vertical axis wind tubrine will greatly help accelerate energy charging into battery storage rather than wind and solar energy made separately. From the measurements result of 100wp solar panels and vertical type wind turbines with low rpm <300 which have been combined can produce 700 watts of electricity, which using such power can turn on electricity in one house.


This study analyzes the operation, economics, and impacts of dual mode transit systems in an urban case study setting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A dual mode transit system is one which utilizes vehicles capable of driverless (automated) operation on a reserved guideway and manual operation over streets and highways. Therefore, this system is theoretically capable of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. This volume, Volume 3, describes the quasi-manual model used in the study, which can be used as a sketch planning model in other applications. A primarily manual sketch planning model for transit systems is developed, using only two computer steps (UTPS program UMODEL and UROAD) in a very simple application. Capabilities to quickly model a wide range of transit technologies and operating policies are built into the model. Default cost, environmental, and demand parameters are included.


Objective To study the effect of Baizhu Qiwu Granules on neuron specific enolase(NSE) in colonic tissues of colon slow transit constipation rats with deficiency of both Qi and Yin syndrome and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and treatment group, 20 rats in each group. The rats in normal group were given isovolumetric and isotonic normal saline in subcutaneous injections and the remaining rats in model and treatment groups were daily subcutaneous injection of 2.5mg/kg·d of morphine hydrochloride for total 45 days,and at the same time administered with Qingpi(18 g), Zhike(18 g) and Fuzi(15 g) to build thecolon slow transit constipation model rats with deficiency of both Qi and Yin syndrome.After establishing the models successfully, the rats in each group are given the corresponding drug treatment once daily for 14 days. At the final injection,the level of NSE in colonic tissues of rats was measured. Results There was no significant difference in the dry weight of the feces of the rats in each group before building. After modeling, the dry weight of the feces of rats in the model group and the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with the normal group, the differences have statistical significance(P0.01). The rate of intestinal charcoal propulsion in the model group and the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with the normal group, the differences have statistical significance(P0.01). The content level of NSE in colon tissue of rats inthe model group and treatment group was increased compared to the normal group, the differences have statistical significance(P 0.05). The content level of NSE in colon tissue of rats in the treatment group was decreased compared to the normal group, the differences have statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion Baizhu Qiwu Granules can effectively treat both Qi and Yin type of colonic slow transit constipation,which may be related with the elevated NSE level.


Modern hospitals and clinics produce tons of electronic data every day regarding patients, medications, treatments, and diseases. These amounts of data contain the potential to help humanity understand and analyze the biomedical fields from a statistical and predictive point of view. Throughout the years, research has been concluded to develop methods of interpreting and analyzing this data. Biomedical statistical researchers have experimented algorithms to achieve findings and associations within the aspects of the data given. Medical decision-making is becoming more and more dependent on data analysis, rather than conventional experience and intuition. Hence, this project will look into the feasibility of developing software for hospital data analysis, specifically, the MIMIC-II (Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care) data that support a diverse range of analytic studies which extend across epidemiology, clinical decision-rule improvement, and electronic tool development. This statistical software is programmed to run multiple algorithms on the massive datasets in the mean of revealing similarities of items related to sets by focusing on the algorithm based of Market-Basket method. With the aim to assist in showing patterns and associations in hospital big data, the software reveals associations and apprehending patterns inside this data demonstrated as predictive analytics that can assist in handling comparable cases and present clinical and hospital-decisions


Smoke control by operating the longitudinal ventilation systems was studied by scale models. The tunnel model was of length 2 m and of semi-circular cross-sectional area 0.0665 m 2 . This model is 1/25 the size of a real tunnel. It was made of acrylic plastics so that smoke movement can be observed from outside. A small propanol pool fire of 0.097 kW was placed inside as the heat source with burning pellets to generate smoke. Longitudinal ventilation design was studied by driving air by a fan placed at one end. Different ventilation rates were set by using a transformer to control the power input to the fan motor. Smoke movement pattern in a tunnel fire was recorded.


SZTERLING Silvia. Troubles in a journey towards knowledge: revisiting the elite private school. Sao Paulo, 2013. "That which you inherited from your parents, seize it to make it yours" (FREUD, 1913). The symbolic anthropophagy suggested by Freud does not save us from academic research. Every researcher makes use of parts of the cultural patrimony created by those who came before him which make sense for his deeper self to create his own research. We all end up gravitating around two or three essential questions: creation and repetition, and life and death, regardless of our origin in the disciplines of Sociology, Psychology or Psychoanalysis. This research is at the crossroads of these disciplines, and created with them a dialogue based on the concept of relation to knowledge, with which Bernard Charlot and other French scholars questioned academic stiffness and went "down" to working-class schools to face once more the issue of academic failure. Here we bring this notion to another time and space to deal with the following issue: the predominantly instrumental relation that Brazilian teenagers belonging to the elites establish with the school and with academic knowledge. Through an interpretative exercise we find that the subjective attitude taken by teachers and students in relation to their own desire to know is crucial in a moment in which institutions such as the family, the school, and the traditions they represent are weakened.


This paper, which is a part of a thesis, investigates the perception and practice of lecturers and students with regard to lecturer-student interaction in English medium science lectures of a university in Sri Lanka where English is a second language. This paper argues that dialogic lecturer-student interaction, which enables students to take a more active role in discussions compared to the use of recitation scripts (questions-answers-evaluations) developed in non-dialogic interactions, is likely to be beneficial for students' content (lecture comprehension) and language development. The study revealed the complexity of the perception-practice dynamic, and the multi-faceted sub-set of factors which influenced students' and lecturers' behaviour in class, and their perception of that behaviour. Students' lecture comprehension and classroom interaction were influenced by their language proficiency, though the students considered the lecturers' lecture delivery style to be more important than their own language proficiency. This study also revealed that a culturally-embedded behaviour perpetuated by senior students, known as ragging (a kind of bullying), restricted the classroom interaction of the students.


Objective To explore the changes of gastroesophageal motility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease for providing a basis for the clinical treatment.Methods The lower esophageal sphincter pressure(LESP) and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation(TLESR) were determined by perfusion manometry catheter in 31 patients with GERD and 10 healthy volunteers.Proximal gastric volume and antral cross-sectional area were monitored through real-time B-mode ultrasound to observe the gastric receptive relaxation and gastric emptying.Results Compared with controls,LESP decreased and TLESR increased in patients with GERD(P0.05),proximal gastric volume decreased(P0.05),and gastric emptying was extended and the speed was decreased in patients with GERD(P0.05).Conclusion The patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease may have lower esophageal sphincter motility disorders and gastric motility disorders.


An efficient diagonally symmetric infinity-shaped broadband solar absorber has been demonstrated in this research paper. The structure was developed with an infinity-shaped resonator made of titanium (Ti) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) at the base substrate layer to achieve absorption in a wideband spectrum under solar energy radiation, and absorption efficiencies were calculated employing the finite element method. The average solar energy absorption spectrum ranges from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared regions, and 93.93% average absorption in this band is achieved. Moreover, bandwidths of 2800 and 1110 nm were observed, and, in these bands, we attained continuous absorption above 90% and 95%, respectively, with average absorption rates of 93.93% and 96.25%, respectively. Furthermore, based on this solar energy absorber, which was optimized after varying many design parameters, it is also observed that the developed design is angle-insensitive from 0° to 50° and polarization-insensitive from the results of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The developed infinity-shaped broadband solar absorber design is highly efficient and provides broadband absorptance that can be used as an absorber layer in solar cells.


The traditional 50 Ω interface between the low noise amplifier(LNA) and the band-pass filter is removed,and the band-pass filter is used as output matching network of LNA directly and co-designed with LNA.The filter with a wide stop-band can suppress second harmonics directly.Simulated results show that after co-design the stability of LNA has been effectively improved in the entire frequency band and achieved absolute stability.The LNA has achieved the voltage gain of 14.593 dB,noise figure of 2.668 dB at 2 GHz and harmonic suppression of-71.140 dB at 2nd harmonic.


Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and carbon black (CB) were used as conductive additives in lithium-ion batteries. Composites containing nanostructured LiCoO 2 and carbon additives were applied as positive electrodes in coin-type electrochemical cells with Li metal as a counter electrode. The conductive SWNTs with their wirelike shape and high aspect ratio are proved to have significant impact on the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The electrode composite containing 0.5 wt % of SWNTs has an internal resistance comparable to that of the 10 wt % of carbon black. Whereas the discharge capacity of the electrode containing 0.5 wt % of CB drops to 0 when increasing the rate to 5C, the capacity of the electrode containing the same weight fraction of SWNTs retains 67% of its initial capacity even at 18C. Cycling performance measured up to 23 cycles demonstrates that the SWNTs at a low concentration are as efficient in the capacity retention as the 10 wt % of carbon black. We interpret the SWNT-induced electrode performance by formation of a flexible, electrically wired network of conducting SWNTs in close contact with LiCoO 2 nano-particles, which accelerates the exchange of the Li ions and allows a rapid transfer of electrons throughout the electrode.


"The experience of 100 years as a modern political state Canada, is as a milestone on our national journey," spoke Peter Aykroyd to the assembled delegates. "Our passage up to and past that milestone is inexorable. We must prepare for the day when we will reach it. It cannot be moved. We cannot turn aside. It will not go away." The group to which he spoke, he argued, was "in a position of influence . . . of power and of responsibility, of a kind not represented by any other Centennial group . . . and potentially exercisable to a degree not possible by secular oriented organizations." So argued Aykroyd, Director of Public Relations for the Canadian Centennial Commission (CCC), to a unique audience indeed. From the podium, he looked out into the faces of representatives of 28 different faith groups in Canada, gathered on that day to discuss, plan and listen. Catholic bishops and Pentecostal laymen, Jewish rabbis and Muslim officials, followers of Ba'ha'u'lah and followers of Buddha all sat quietly, side by side, gathered as members of one organization: the Canadian Interfaith Conference (CIC). Begun in 1965, the CIC was established to plan for and encourage participation in Canada's 1967 Centennial celebrations, without doubt the largest, most comprehensive, nationalist project in Canadian history. From a total of 24 different faith groups at its first meeting in July of 1965 the membership of the CIC grew to 28 by April 1966, and to 34 by its third and final meeting in 1967. In that span of less than two and one-half years, the participating representatives would organize and complete a number


Method for producing a model gun "bull barrel" with noise dampener and barrel "bull barrel model" with noise dampener obtained. Comprising the following phases: a first phase in which a tube (2), defining two ends, a first (21) and second (22), with an inner diameter greater than the outside diameter of the barrel (1), fixed a wedge (19) at its first end (21), a second phase in which a muzzle (5) ending in a hat (10) is fixed to the second end (22) of the tube (2), said bocacha (5) at least one lateral opening (6) and at least one first ring (8) which fits into the tube (2) sealing the second end (22) also with stops (7) define channels (11 ) sites in the hat (10) connecting the exterior with the interior of the muzzle (5), said stops (7) the limit of said tube (2), a third phase in which it sets barrel (1) to the muzzle (5) and the wedge (19), defining a space or cavity (3) between the tube (2) and the barrel (1), and a fourth phase in which the configuration is introduced third phase in m achine molding the overmolded except inlet end of the barrel (14), into the desired shape, penetrating said overmold (20) into the tube (2) through the channels (11) to said first ring (8) .


Rotation speed control of marine diesel engine generator is built by the combination of neural network and PID control system.Under the combined controllers of neural network and PID control system,an invert dynamic model of marine diesel engine generator is obtained through continuous learning of the neural network controller.And gradually,the neural network controller has main control effect on the system.It indicates that the stability of dynamic process of the generator control system is favorable when the system is loaded with active power suddenly.


The invention relates to an antiflaming floor and a manufacture method thereof, belonging to wood processing industry. The antiflaming floor comprises a decoration layer, single plate layers and anitflaming layers. The antiflaming floor is characterized in that the layers of the antiflaming floor are arranged in an order of the decoration layer, the single plate layer, the antiflaming layer, the single plate layer, the antiflaming layer and the single plate layer form outside to inside, and all layers are adhered mutually by adhesives. The invention has the advantages of high antiflaming performance degree, good antiflaming effect and available humidity resistance. The advantage of good adhesion between the antiflaming layer and the single plate layer of the antiflaming floor is achieved, and both adhesion strength and impregnation stripping reach state standards.


Facebook claims that 91 per cent of Australians have created a Facebook page. Twitter started a revolution in the Arab World. Carden Calder asks: What are Australia's superannuation funds currently doing to harness the social media marketing channel? And why does it matter?


A class of SVD-based signal enhancement procedures is described, which amount to a specific optimal filtering technique for the case where the so-called 'desired response' signal cannot be observed. It is shown that this optimal filter can be written as a function of the generalized singular vectors and singular values of a so-called speech and noise data matrix. A number of simple symmetry properties of the optimal filter are derived, which are valid for the white noise case as well as for the coloured noise case. Also the averaging step of the standard one-microphone SVD-based noise reduction techniques is investigated, leading to serious doubts about the necessity of this averaging step. When applying this technique for multi-microphone noise reduction, it is shown that for simple scenarios, where we consider localised sources and no multipath propagation, this technique exhibits some kind of beamforming behaviour. We further compare the performance of this technique with standard beamforming techniques, showing that for all reverberation times the performance of the SVD-based optimal filter is better than beamforming.


A one-way CFD-CSD coupled model system is presented to reproduce large scale experiments of a caisson breakwater, subject to wave attack. The Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) model is developed using the finite volume method for the fully dynamic, fully coupled Biot equations. The fully coupled poro-mechanical analysis is handled in a segregated approach in which the skeleton displacement, the pore fluid pressure and the pore fluid velocity (relative to the skeleton) are decoupled at the iteration level. The pore fluid pressure-velocity coupling is resolved using the PISO (Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators) algorithm. Two simplifications to the porous media formulations were introduced: (1) neglecting convective acceleration of pore fluid and (2) fully neglecting acceleration of the pore fluid (the u-p approximation). A frictional contact model is implemented to model soil-structure interaction. A multi-surface plasticity model with the Drucker-Prager failure criterion is introduced to model the behavior of sand foundations under cyclic load posed by wave action on the caisson breakwater. An incompressible (constant density) multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver is developed for solving flow inside and outside porous media simultaneously using the principle of volume averaged velocity. A seepage model is implemented to model flow resistance of porous media that includes viscous, transitional, inertial and transient terms. An additional term is introduced to the fluid continuity equation to account for fluid mixture (water and air) compressibility (inverse of bulk modulus). The CFD-CSD model system is developed using the OpenFOAM® framework.© 2013 ASME


Abstract An analytical solution to the Brownian coagulation of aerosol particles in the low Knudsen number regime is presented which provides time evolution of the particle size distribution. The theoretical analysis used is based on representation of the size distribution of a coagulating aerosol with a time-dependent log-normal size distribution function and employs the method of moments together with suitable simplifications. The results are found in the form that extends the continuum coagulation solution that was previously obtained by Lee (J. Colloid Interface Sci.92,315 (1983)). The results show that the Knudsen number has a significant effect on the size distribution evolution during coagulation. In addition, it was confirmed that a self-preserving size distribution does not exist in the low Knudsen number regime. The obtained solution was compared with numerical results and good agreement was obtained. The present work represents the first analytic solution to the low Knudsen number regime Brownian coagulation problem.


Sioux City, Iowa, Sept. 19, 1898. To the Editor: —Thanks are due to theJournalas well as Dr. Webster of Chicago and Dr. Green of Dubuque, Iowa, for so soon as their gift of surgical instruments arrives at Fen Cho Fu Hospital, Dr. Atwood will no longer have to amputate limbs with a saw made of a piece of band iron. The appeal through theJournaland the response by the doctors sends the instruments. Very respectfully,


We report a case of idiopathic cardiac arrest in a term laboring patient. A perimortem cesarean was performed with return of spontaneous circulation immediately following delivery. The patient and her neonate were discharged following a routine postoperative course without evidence of adverse sequelae.


The invention relates to a multi-mode coordinate, a pressure input device and a pressure input method, and belongs to the field of display device information input. The pressure input device comprises a surface acoustic wave touch induction module, an electromagnetic induction module, a control module and a display device; the surface acoustic wave touch induction module and the electromagnetic induction module are fixed through the display device, and send acquired information which is processed by the control module to an external operation system. When writing is performed on the device, and an input mode is detected by the control module; when the input mode is electromagnetic pen input, the control module controls the electromagnetic induction module to detect signals input by an electromagnetic pen; and when the input mode is touch input, the control module controls the surface acoustic wave touch induction module to detect signals input by touch. The device has multiple modes such as the electromagnetic pen input, the touch input and the like, provides convenience for users, and contributes to the improvement of input efficiency.


It elaborates the importance of city constructing documents,and discusses how to strengthen city documents construction and outstanding its service points.It also points out improvement of information construction,services,contents,level could also better service the city construction.


An efficient and practical laboratory synthesis of a series of 2-deuterio-2-arylpropionic acids (α-deuterioprofens) is described. The levels of deuterium incorporation are high and the products are synthetically useful. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Hydrodynamics of airlift loop reactors was studied in detail experimentally andtheoretically.An internal airlift loop reactor was designed and set up for this study.An instru-mentation system based on the electrochemical method was adapted to measure local gas holdup andliquid velocity.A two-dimensional two-fluid model based on the first principles was established andimplemented to model the flow in airlift loop reactors.A corrected turbulent model was incorporatedin the simulation.The shear rate,shear stress and energy dissipation are evaluated from the flowfield.The numerically predicted results and experimental data obtained from this work as well as thesereported in literature are analyzed and compared.


The main purpose of this work is to propose a new network architecture model for deep learning applied to solve an inverse source problem for a two-dimensional degenerate parabolic equation from final observations with degeneracy occurring anywhere in the spatial domain.


"Choice" and "freely chosen," those once sacrosanct de rigueur elements in standard definitions of leisure as experience (Kelly, 1990, p. 21), have lately been the targets of some bad press. Juniu and Henderson (2001, p. 8), for instance, say that such terms cannot be empirically supported since people lack significant choice because "leisure activities are socially structured and shaped by the inequalities of society." True, experiential definitions of leisure published in recent decades, when they do contain reference to choice, tend to refer to perceived, rather than objective, freedom to choose. The definers recognize that various conditions, many of them unperceived by leisure participants and unspecified by definers, nevertheless constrain choice of leisure activities. Juniu and Henderson argue that these conditions are highly influential and that defining leisure even as perceived choice tends to underplay, if not overlook, their true effect. One logical outcome of their position would be to toss the idea of perceived choice onto the scrap heap of outmoded scientific ideas, thereby sparing ourselves its indirect dismissal of inequality (Juniu and Henderson do not carry their argument this far). However, as Rojek (2000, p. 169) observed, to throw out all considerations of choice is tantamount to throwing out human agency. Without the capacity and the right to choose leisure activities, people acting in this realm of life would be reduced to mere structural and cultural automatons. It is clear, however, that beyond its definitions of experiential leisure, the field of leisure studies recognizes in several ways that individual choice is anything but unfettered. For example, an ever-growing literature describes a great range of leisure constraints, one effect of which is to dampen all enthusiasm for the assumption that leisure entails unqualified free choice. Further, culturally rooted preferences for certain leisure activities acquired through primary and secondary socialization steer so-called choice in subtle directions often unbeknownst to the individual. Then there is boredom in leisure. It springs from having nothing interesting to do, from having woefully little choice among leisure activities. So the time has come, I believe, to declare that words like "choice" and "freely chosen" have indeed outlived their utility as quintessential definers of leisure. They are hedged about with too many qualifications to serve in that capacity. Here is a sample of the qualifications: When, as scientists, we speak of leisure choice, we must


The river area Maaskant and adjacent sand area of Oss, located 'between' the current course of the river Meuse and the city Oss, are among the most intensively researched regions in the Netherlands. Extensive archaeological and palynological research provides ample opportunities for an interregional research of the occupation and vegetation history of both areas. This article describes the intertwinement between the Holocene river area and the adjacent Pleistocene sandy soils, to eventually get a first insight of the relation(s) between the inhabitants of both regions in late prehistoric and Early Roman period (3000 BC – 250 AD).


This thesis presents a research of Swedes view on sex tourism in Thailand. This research is showing how Swedes sees sex tourism in Thailand and what kind of thoughts they have about it. This resear ...


The dynamic solvation of the fluorescent probe, coumarin 153, is measured in five room-temperature ionic liquids using different experimental techniques and methods of data analysis. With time-resolved stimulated-emission and time-correlated single-photon counting techniques, it is found that the solvation is comprised of an initial rapid component of ∼55 ps. In all the solvents, half or more of the solvation is completed within 100 ps. The remainder of the solvation occurs on a much longer time scale. The emission spectra of coumarin 153 are nearly superimposable at all temperatures in a given solvent unless they are obtained using the supercooled liquid, suggesting that the solvents have an essentially glassy nature. The physical origin of the two components is discussed in terms of the polarizability of the organic cation for the faster one and the relative diffusional motion of the cations and the anions for the slower one. A comparison of the solvation response functions obtained from single-waveleng...