The quality of services at the Primary Health Center (Puskesmas) and the level of utilization of Puskesmas services are closely related to the competency of human resources providing services to the community. Quality health services can provide satisfaction to patients in accordance with the average level of satisfaction of the population as well as procedures for conducting them according to established professional and ethical standards.The purpose of this study to map the competency of knowledge of health workers at Surabaya Coastal Area Primary Health Center. The location of this research is at Puskesmas located in the North Coast of Surabaya, namely Sidotopo Primary Health Center and Sawah Pulo Primary Health Center. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research strategy. Then the technique for determining the informant was done using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. This study analyzed the competency of health workers' knowledge with 3 indicators, namely general knowledge, special knowledge and typical knowledge.The results in this study are knowledge competency of health workers at Surabaya coastal area health center is still not good. The majority of health workers do not have special knowledge or specialization. Human resource development is needed by the relevant agencies.Keywords: Competence, Community Satisfaction


Objective. The aging process is associated with a decline in the circulating Δ5-androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a long-term (12 months) oral DHEA administration (25 mg/day) on adrenal function, before and after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Method. Postmenopausal women belonging to two age groups, 50–55 years (n = 10) and 60–65 years (n = 10), were studied. Adrenal function was assessed in basal conditions, after suppression with dexamethasone (DXM) and following a stimulation test with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (10 μg bolus). Serum levels of DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione (Δ4-A), allopregnanolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and cortisol were measured and the effects of DHEA supplementation on specific adrenal enzymatic pathways were evaluated by calculating precursor/product ratios (17-OHP/cortisol, 17-OHP/Δ4-A, DHEA/Δ4-A and DHEA/DHEAS). Results. DHEA supplementation annulled the age-related differences in DHEA and DHEAS levels and induced a marked increase in all steroids, except for cortisol, after 3–6 months of treatment. Serum cortisol levels decreased from the 3rd month, both in younger and older subjects. DHEA supplementation did not affect DXM-induced suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis. During the treatment period all adrenal androgens and progestins showed a significant increase in their response to ACTH, while the cortisol response decreased significantly. The results suggest a significant DHEA-induced change in adrenal enzymatic activities, as also evidenced by the change in precursor/product ratios during therapy. Conclusion. Chronic DHEA administration is capable of modifying circulating levels of androgens and progestins in both early and late postmenopausal women by modulating the age-related changes in adrenal function.


Credit risk is one of important challenges facing banks and credit institutions in all economic systems. Accordingly, much research has focused on credit scoring of bank customers and to predict and classify solvent customers and insolvent customers. In this line, the present study has attempted to identify and employ financial ratios affecting the creditworthiness of banking customers using discriminant analysis and logistic regression to determine the reliability of different credit scoring models in predicting creditworthiness of banking customers. To do so, customers' credit files in one of the branches of commercial Iranian banks in Province were investigated and totally 54 creditable firms and 46 non-creditable firms were identified. The creditworthiness of these firms was determined through discriminant analysis and logic regression using financial information obtained from the sample firms from 2006 to 2011. The results of the study indicated that the two fitted models are reasonable reliable in predicting the creditworthiness of banking customers. However, the logic regression model had a higher discrimination power than the discriminant analysis model.


Predicting Aboveground Biomass Increment (ABI) of forests is important in evaluating primary productivity, and hence aboveground C sequestration rate and C policy implementation. Although there are direct methods such as remote sensing to predict the ABI, it is important to develop ground-based indirect methods, particularly for tropical forests, due to their stratification, complex structure and high diversity, which cannot be imaged properly using the direct methods. Present study developed regression models from a global database of tropical forests to predict the ABI from annual litter-fall. The new models could predict up to 92% and 66% of the variability of the ABI of the disturbed/managed and natural tropical forests, respectively, compared to 69% of the variability predicted by previous models, although they have used a part of the present database which was only available at that time. Field prediction of the new models by using a wet zone forest and a dry zone forest in Sri Lanka showed that the ABIs of the two forests (7-8 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) are towards the upper limit (10 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) of the tropical forests of the world. It is clear from this study that the new approach may be a better method for predicting the ABI in future research as well as tropical forest inventories. It is recommended however, that the models should be validated before their wider applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v42i1.5897 Ceylon Journal of Science ( Bio. Sci. ) 42 (1): 35-40, 2013


There has long been debate about the practice of cannibalism by Amerindians. Many scholars argue that Columbus, Vespucci and the other Europeans that came to the New World used the specter of cannibalism to justify the conquest, enslavement, and death of the indigenous populations. William Arens, in his book, TheMan-Eating Myth, goes further and asserts that the belief that cannibalism was a prevalent Amerindian practice represented the prejudice and racism of the Europeans encountering unknown peoples. Excluding incidents of survival cannibalism, Arens claims that there are no credible first-hand accounts of cannibalism.1 I disagree with his assessment of the accounts. Delving into the extant maps, travel logs and literature, I have come to a different understanding of the accounts and, often, graphic imagery of savages roasting and gnawing on human limbs found on, and in, the early primary sources from the Columbian Encounter. Almost all references to cannibalism and the accompanying illustrations in sixteenth-century literature refer to areas of the New World from the Gulf and Mesoamerica to South America. During the first centennial of contact, journals, logs, letters and histories of the Columbian Encounter are replete with commentary about the practice of cannibalism. This literature is geographically specific. The cartography that accompanied the European exploration and mapping of this fourth part of the world is also geographically specific in its depictions of cannibalism. As stated earlier, the preponderance of journals and imagery on maps discussing or illustrating cannibalism respectively, were located in the Lower Antilles, Mesoamerica and South America (especially the northern Gulf region and the interior of Brazil the elbow or bulge). The indigenous people of North America were not literally or graphically depicted as cannibals. I assert that the lack of literary or graphic reference to the indigenous peoples of North America as cannibals is not an omission. It is instead an affirmation that Europeans encountered the practice of cannibalism in specific areas of the New World. The encounters in the Lower Antilles and Mesoamerica were chronicled in accounts by early and the cartography of the first decades of exploration contained labels indicating the presence of cannibals in the Lower Antilles. However, for over a century, the tales of encounters and the vast majority of cartographic depictions of cannibals were located in South America. From initial contact, Columbus began to fuse expectations, myths and reality in his description of the Amerindians. During his first voyage, Columbus interpreted hand signals and facial expressions as a description of a fierce rival tribe, "caniba" or "carib."2 His log entry for 23 November 1492 contained a description of a rival tribe that Columbus extrapolated through the language barrier from the Taino, the gentle Arawak people of first contact. This description referred to another island where "there were people on it who had one eye in their foreheads,


The Age of Shakespeare, by Frank Kermode (New York: Modern Library, 2004), 204 pp., $21.95. Shakespeare, by Michael Wood (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 344 pp., $29.95. Shakespeare: The Biography, by Peter Ackroyd (New York: Doubleday, 2005), xvi + 548 pp., $32.50. Shakespeare: The Seven Ages of Human Experience, 2nd ed., by David Bevington (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), xi + 258 pp., $19.95 paperback. Shakespeare After All, by Marjorie Garber (New York: Pantheon, 2004), xii + 906 pp., $40.00. Shakespeare for All Time, by Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), xxi + 424 pp., $40.00. Shakespeare's Face: Unraveling the Legend and History of Shakespeare's Mysterious Portrait, by Stephanie Nolen with Jonathan Bate, Tarnya Cooper, Marjorie Garber, Andrew Gurr, Alexander Leggatt, Robert Tittler, and Stanley Wells (New York: Free Press, 2002), xvii + 334 pp., $27.00. Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare, by Stephen Greenblatt (New York: Norton, 2004), 390 pp., $26.95. A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare, 1599, by James Shapiro (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), xix + 376 pp., $27.95. SITTING JUST A FEW INCHES under ye olde blacke beames in Hussain's Restaurant in Church Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, I once had the melancholy thought that the historical William Shakespeare (THWS), for all the omnivorous appreciation of human experience registered in his plays, and despite having gone to school (probably) just down the street, had most likely never tasted a good lamb vindaloo. Since then, however, I have come to associate "Shakespeare," if not THWS, with the smell of espresso. The books listed above have a lot to do with that association. Most of them have found a spot on the Drama or Literature shelves of Borders and Barnes & Noble, some of them cover-side out, a few of them cover-side out on a display table at the end of the aisle. Most readers of this journal will, I suspect, agree with the following responses to this phenomenon: * Seeing the subject of one's professional expertise for sale in Borders and Barnes & Noble is like seeing a place you know well in a commercially successful movie. You feel validated. * As a result of all those Foucault-inspired sessions at MLA and SAA in the 1970s and '80s you have to wonder what the commercial viability of these books (price: $19.90 to $40.00) means politically. What kind of "social work" are these books doing? * At the same time, you can't help wondering why that person over there with the Prada shoulder bag--yes, him--is pausing at the Shakespeare table on his way to the Self-Help section. * You're envious that no one has offered you a six-figure advance to write a book like one of these. With these nine books it's probably fair to say that critical reception in academic journals has stood in inverse proportion to each book's commercial success. All nine principal authors have written for a "general" readership. It would be altogether hypocritical of me to follow the example of other academic reviewers, since, with respect to subjects other than early modern England ca. 1550-1700, I myself am just such a "general reader." As the sixty-year-old version of the child who would take to bed a volume of The World Book Encyclopedia, 1956 edition, I still maintain a general reader's interest in anthropology, art history, history, linguistics, musicology, philosophy, and psychology--this despite Prof. J. W. Johnson's warning in graduate school that I was a dilettante and would never get anywhere in this profession if I didn't settle down. The best way to keep up with these diverse fields, I've found, is not to wander aimlessly in the journals section of the university library but to read the reviews in the TLS, to which I've subscribed since 1972, the first year I could afford it, and use those reviews to choose books for sampling and, on rarer occasions than I'd like to admit, for cover-to-cover perusing. …


Abstract The first Lagrangian Analysis and Predictability of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics (LAPCOD) meeting took place in Ischia, Italy, 2–6 October 2000. The material presented at LAPCOD 2000 indicated both a maturing of Lagrangian-based observing systems and the development of new analysis and assimilation techniques for Lagrangian data. This summary presents a review of the state-of-the-art technology in Lagrangian exploration of oceanic and coastal waters that was presented at the meeting.


The utility model provides an electric maintenance lighting device. The electric maintenance lighting device comprises an LED lamp, an LED lamp support and an insulating rod, wherein the LED lamp is arranged on the LED lamp support which is movably connected with the insulating rod. An elastic belt is arranged on the LED lamp support, and two ends of the elastic belt are respectively connected with the LED lamp support. N elastic bands are arranged on the LED lamp support, one ends of the elastic bands are connected together while the other ends of the same are connected on the LED lamp support, and the N is a natural number larger than 1. The lower end of the LED lamp support is in threaded connection with one end of the insulating rod. The electric maintenance lighting device is scientific in design, strong in practicability, can be used for high position detection on the ground, and can be carried when a user works aloft.


In this paper, we describe a methodology for temperature stabilization of CMOS micromachined sensors. Temperature stabilization of a z-axis accelerometer, fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m Agilent CMOS process is demonstrated. The accelerometer motion is sensed by a vertical comb drive designed by controlling the rotor and stator curvature. The polysilicon layer of the CMOS process has been utilized for heating the device structure to a constant temperature, that is higher than the maximum ambient operating temperature. The capacitance detection circuits have temperature independent gain. The D.C. bias stability of the accelerometer improved from 1.9 G//spl deg/C, to 42 mG//spl deg/C, and the sensitivity stability improved from 60% to 18% over a temperature of 70/spl deg/C after temperature control.


Artificial Neural Networks have a tremendous ability to adapt to any environment given sufficient data and hence are quite useful in prediction. However, they differ in their capabilities due to their distinguishing characteristic features and training procedures. In this study the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP-NN), the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN) and the Generalized Regression Neural Network (GR-NN) were created and analysed for field strength prediction using received power readings obtained at 1800MHz from Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) situated within the metropolis of Jos, Nigeria. Results indicate that the GR-NN gave the most accurate prediction with an RMSE value of 5.13dB. Keywords—Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network; Radial Basis Function Neural Network; Generalized Regression Neural Network; Field Strength Prediction


The objective of this work is to establish the reliability of the measurement system by attributes in the color characteristic for the galvanized parts as final product. Six operators were evaluated with 30 samples of galvanized metal parts cold and hot rolled in a proportion of 50% of accepted parts and 50% rejected by the quality staff of the Techengineering plant in the city of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, under a criterion of passes-does not pass. To carry out the study, the attribute agreement analysis tool of Minitab®16 was used. According to the Fleiss Kappa coefficient and confidence intervals generated in the report, it was established that the accuracy of the system is valued between excellent and good and the accuracy as good marginally, with this information it was possible to establish strategies to improve the measurement system.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of bypass fat on milk production and composition in Bergamasca ewes. It was used 77 ewes which were distributed by parity and age orders in two groups: control diet (C): corn silage and concentrate; and bypass fat diet (GP): corn silage + concentrated + bypass fat (35 g/ewe/day) added in the concentrate. Diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous with 70% of total digestible nutrients and 16% of crude protein on dry matter basis. Lambs were kept to their mothers until 45 days of age, when they were weaned. Forty-eight hours after lambing, ewes were milked once a day at 7:00 a.m. for daily measurement of milk production during 60 days. Milk samples were weekly collected for analysis of centesimal composition and casein content. The bypass fat diet presented higher daily average milk production after weaning (0.531 vs 0.489 kg/day), however, average milk production of the whole experimental period was not different between control and bypass diet (0.453 vs 0.468 kg/day, respectively). No differences were observed among control and bypass diets for milk fat content until the 6th week of lactation; they were observed only after weaning. Alpha (α) and beta (β) casein content presented differences between control and bypass diet groups (31.73 vs 18.56 Kda for alpha casein and 32.67 vs 26.44 Kda for beta casein, respectively). Bypass fat added to diet do not change milk production and centesimal composition until weaning.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify the role of long non-coding RNA PVT1 (lnc-PVT1) in the progression of ovarian cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The expression of lnc-PVT1 in ovarian cancer cells and 50 paired tissue samples were detected by quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, cell proliferation assay and transwell assay were performed to identify the function of lnc-PVT1 in vitro. QRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to explore the possible underlying mechanism.

RESULTS
Compared with normal tissues, the expression of lnc-PVT1 T1 was remarkably upregulated in tumor tissues. Moreover, the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer were promoted after knockdown of lnc-PVT1 in vitro. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of SOX2 were suppressed after knockdown of lnc-PVT1 in vitro. Besides, the expression of SOX2 in tumor tissues was positively correlated to lnc-PVT1.

CONCLUSIONS
Lnc-PVT1 could enhance the invasion and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through upregulating SOX2, which might serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.


This chapter sets out the numerous different types of collateral legal consequences (CLCs) facing people with criminal records, including restrictions on employment, housing, welfare, and the vote. It distinguishes CLCs from the myriad informal collateral consequences experienced by offenders. Then it discusses various dimensions along which particular CLCs may be distinguished, such as their content, scope, and duration. It makes the case that CLCs raise serious moral challenges, which require greater attention from moral, legal, and political philosophers than they have received to date. The chapter concludes with an overview of the remainder of the book.


We are presenting CranUS, a simulator for neonatal cranial sonography. Its main purpose is to support teaching and training of a method of examination used in child radiology, that depicts the inside of a baby's skull by viewing through the fontanelle using ultrasound signals. This paper describes the concept and the implementation of that augmented reality supported 3D simulator, which is – to the best of the author's knowledge – the first one for this kind of examination. Physical models of a newborn and an ultrasound probe were tracked and their movements displayed in their virtual representation. The head of the newborn model was augmented with a 3D volume, reconstructed from ultrasound images of a real patient. For examination of newborn children, no tracking information of the patient can be acquired. The volume therefore has to be reconstructed without exact knowledge of the slices positions/orientations. Reconstructing a 3D volume from irregular source data requires positioning the images and the subsequent interpolation. When moving the physical models with respect to one another, the corresponding slices are generated in real time. The actual slice is shown on the 2D user interface, beside an image displaying the corresponding position of the models and additional visualization and tracking information. A prototype of the application was presented to the interested research community and thereby evaluated for its suitability as a training tool.


The developments in the field of nano-additives have increased in the recent years due to the desire to reduce the level of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. The soot characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were experimentally investigated using two concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as nano-additives (25 ppm and 40 ppm) blended with C20D (composed of 20% castor oil methyl ester and 80% diesel fuel) and 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The combustion of C20D + TiO2 increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 2.8% in comparison with neat C20D, while a significant reduction was obtained in BSFC 6.5% and NOX emissions were maintained at a level parallel with diesel. The results indicated that the technique involving a high EGR rate and the addition of 25 ppm and 40 ppm of TiO2 nanoparticles to the C20D exhibits better reductions in NOX emissions by 17.34% and 21.83%, respectively, compared to the technique comprising the use of C20D + TiO2 and C20D. The reduction in the total concentration of PM via the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the C20D was 26.74% greater than neat C20D and diesel. In contrast, the incorporation of a high rate of EGR with C20D +TiO2 increased the PM concentrations by 16.85% compared to the technique without EGR. Furthermore, the high concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (40 ppm) in the C20D produced 19 nm smaller soot nanoparticles compared to the 23 nm larger soot nanoparticles produced from the low concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (25 ppm) added into the C20D. The current investigation reveals that the reduction in NOX emissions and the production of soot nanoparticles notably improved due to the synergic effect of EGR, the TiO2 nanoparticles, and biodiesel.


*Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com 83 2020 UTHM Publisher. All rights reserved. penerbit.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie Abstract: In friction stir welding, tools made with flat faced pins deliver comparatively higher strength joints than circular pins. However, its non-axisymmetric cross section about the rotational axis results in fluctuating stress along its surface that leads to premature tool failure. This requires a systematic definition for process parameter selection domain based on the number of flat faces in the pin to improve tool life. Temperature dependent strength of the material to be joined in the stir zone is the only source of opposing force for the tool movement. To predict opposing force, temperature gradient developed by the different levels of process parameters in the stir zone is numerically quantified with an experimentally validated model. Based on the estimated temperature, maximum stress acting on the tool pin is quantified with a remodified temperature dependent analytical model. The effect of increase in process temperature on the strength of the weld joint is experimentally analyzed through the investigation of change in hardness value in heat affected zone. Obtained results are used to develop tool durability maps for tools with flat faced pin in a domain on which higher and lower limits are fixed by considering satisfactory level of joint strength and tool life respectively. These maps provide flexibility in the parameter selection with an acceptable level of compromise in joint strength or in tool life based on the quality requirement of weld joint.


cis-1,4-Dinitroglycoluril, known as DINGU, is an insensitive explosive. To investigate the compatibility of it and its nitramine isomers with magnesium, some model composites of them have been subjected to density functional treatment at the level of B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p). Within the restrictions of the theory and the level of calculations performed, it has been found that most of the composites considered are unstable and undergo N-NO2 bond rupture. Moreover, it has been in one case found that the elongation of nitramine bond is dictated by the way of approach of the Mg atom to the organic component. Some physical and molecular orbital properties of the systems are obtained and discussed.


Power is the central organizing principle of all social life, from culture and education to stratification and taste. And there is no more prominent name in the analysis of power than that of noted sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Throughout his career, Bourdieu challenged the commonly held view that symbolic power - the power to dominate - is solely symbolic. He emphasized that symbolic power helps create and maintain social hierarchies, which form the very bedrock of political life. By the time of his death in 2002, Bourdieu had become a leading public intellectual, and his argument about the more subtle and influential ways that cultural resources and symbolic categories prevail in power arrangements and practices had gained broad recognition. In "Symbolic Power, Politics, and Intellectuals", David L. Swartz delves deeply into Bourdieu's work to show how central - but often overlooked - power and politics are to an understanding of sociology. Arguing that power and politics also stand at the core of Bourdieu's sociology, Swartz illuminates Bourdieu's political project for the social sciences, as well as Bourdieu's own political activism, explaining how sociology is not just science but also a crucial form of political engagement.


The flagella staining technique to be described is a modification and perfection of that originally published by the author in 1930. The arrangement and, to a lesser extent, the shape of flagella are of considerable taxonomic importance. Flagellar arrangement seems to be a characteristic of sufficient stability and distinctiveness to justify the classification of flagellated bacteria into several groups. Only rarely, and then mainly with very poorly flagellated bacteria, is the flagellar arrangement difficult to determine. Mutation from one type of flagellar arrangement to another has not, to my knowledge, been described and confirmed. Variation from flagellated to nonflagellated types is common in some groups of bacteria, and several instances have been recorded of loss of motility without loss of flagella (Knaysi, 1933; Kauffmann, 1939; Edwards et al., 1946; Hirsch, 1947; Friewer and Leifson, 1951). The shape of the flagella on an organism, while usually quite characteristic, may be modified somewhat by the environment and also may undergo distinct mutational variation (personal observation). A comprehensive review of the literature is given by Houwink and Van Iterson (1950).


A business may find itself in one of four strategic states. Successful new product development begins with a realistic assessment of that strategic state.


Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made of by-products that would otherwise be wasted or used for secondary applications. The present work, of an exploratory nature, aims to assess how consumers conceptualise the circular economy in order to identify consumer recognition of the use of by-products from the food industry to upcycle food products and to evaluate attitudes towards the circular economy. To this end, a mixed-methodology was applied to 340 participants. The first part was qualitative and used free word association to evaluate consumers' conceptualisation of the circular economy and use of by-products as foods. Data were analysed by grouping the responses into exclusive and exhaustive categories and a correspondence analysis was also performed to originate perceptual maps. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate major concepts and attitudes correlated with the circular economy. Data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and participants grouped through clustering. Results showed that consumers understand circular economy as related mainly into Sustainability, Economy, and Circularity dimensions. Participants had great difficulty identifying the by-products used as foods or as food ingredients. From the quantitative data, four groups were identified based on the associations to the six principal components originated by the PCA. However, the results highlighted a very low association with all clusters of the Food Valorisation dimension within the concept of the circular economy, and also a lack of a clear understanding of consumers' attitudes towards food products from the circular economy. Greater promotion and dissemination by the competent entities aimed at the general public may contribute towards greater integration, participation and acceptance of the circular economy concept for the upscaling of food by-products.


Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) was used to study the adsorption of carbon monoxide on mixed S and Co overlayers on a Mo(110) surface. The results of this study indicate that there is a migration/segregation of the adatoms into 2-D and 3-D islands and that the different domains are distinguishable by the stretching frequency of the adsorbed CO. Clean Mo(110) as well as sulfided Co, (8x2)Co, p(2x2)S, and c(2x2)S domains on the Mo(110) surface are all observable. In addition, sulfur was seen to act as both a site blocker and electron-withdrawing agent on these surfaces. Finally, data obtained in this study suggest that the active adsorption site in a Co-MoS[sub 2] catalyst could be a Co-promoted Mo-S site. 25 refs., 11 figs.


De Houtman in 1603, Kepler in 1627 and Halley in 1679 published the earliest modern catalogues of the southern sky. We provide machine-readable versions of these catalogues, make some comparisons between them, and briefly discuss their accuracy on the basis of comparison with data from the modern Hipparcos Catalogue. We also compare our results for De Houtman with those by Knobel in 1917 finding good overall agreement. About half of the similar to 200 new stars (with respect to Ptolemaios) added by De Houtman are in twelve new constellations, half in old constellations like Centaurus, Lupus and Argo. The right ascensions and declinations given by De Houtman have error distributions with widths of about 40', the longitudes and latitudes given by Kepler have error distributions with widths of about 45'. Halley improves on this by more than an order of magnitude to widths of about 3', and all entries in his catalogue can be identified. The measurement errors of Halley are due to a systematic deviation of his sextant (increasing with angle to 2' at 60 degrees) and random errors of 0'.7. The position errors in the catalogue of Halley are dominated by the position errors in the reference stars, which he took from Brahe.


An air-assisted electrostatic induction-spray-charging (EISC) system operated at 5.0 m3
min-1 air velocity was used to quantify the effects of applied voltage, spray liquid discharge, and spray
liquid types on spray chargeability. A computer based data logger in conjunction with Faraday's cage
and charge-voltage-converter was the instrumentation system used for the accurate measurement of
spray cloud current. Generally, higher applied voltage and lower discharge rate for the tank water
sprays produced greater chargeability compared to ground water sprays. Increasing the applied
voltage to a critical level of about 3 to 4 kV maximized the spray chargeability of water sprays. The
charge-mass-ratio (CMR) of ground water and tank water sprays were maximum at 18.5 mC kg-1 and
7.5 mC kg-1 respectively, at discharge rate of 30 mL min-1. The spray chargeability was less affected
by the low volume discharges due to formation of relatively larger spray droplets. Distinct mechanical
properties as well as higher electrical properties of ground water may have contributed to better
spray chargeability due to relatively smaller droplet formation and higher charge transfer time
constant, compared to tank water. Determining the best combination of applied voltage and liquid
discharge for a given type of spray liquid would help in reducing potential drift by optimizing spray
chargeability. Empirical equations were developed to predict the spray chargeability as a function of
applied voltage and spray liquid discharge for both ultra-low and low volume discharge ranges.
Efforts have also been made to describe the effects of spray chargeability and its influencing
parameters with respect to behavior of spray drift.


Simple geometries of holographic interorometers are discussed, which secure that the influence of measuring errors on the displacement vector is very small. The design of the inferometers for the zero-order-fringe and the fringe-counting-method is characterized by 360°/n-symmetry in the position of the observation points or the scanning lines over the hologram, respectively, where n means the number of equations in the evaluation system. Very simple relations are given for the calculation of the condition number and the standard deviations of the displacement components taking into account overdetermined systcms.


In this paper, I focus on the debate that surrounds "pragmatic" interpretations of Ludwig Wittgenstein. By this, I mean the debate between those who read Wittgenstein as a pragmatist or as having pragmatic affinities and those who object to this reading.In particular, drawing on Hilary Putnam's lecture "Was Wittgenstein a Pragmatist?" and Stanley Cavell's response "What's the Use of Calling Emerson a Pragmatist?," I will spell out the similarities seen between Wittgenstein and pragmatism as well as the divergences emphasized between the two. I will argue that the teasing out of the similarities and the teasing out of the differences is important to a) having a clearer understanding of both Wittgenstein and pragmatism; b) showing elements that make twentieth century philosophy unique; and c) shedding light on where philosophy is now, what issues and questions are being raised, and what possible solutions and answers are being offered.


A case report es presented about the successful in-patient focaltherapeutical treatment of a 68 year old female with a long lasting compulsive neurosis. The authors deal with the general scepticism towards the therapy of aged neurotics or patients suffering from functional complaints.


A dummy 20 for use in training animals the dummy having a scent. A training device 10 for an animal comprising, a dummy which is scented and a launcher 30 for launching the dummy. A method of training an animal comprising using the training device described. A training device comprising a dummy, a launcher for the dummy, the launcher comprising propulsion means 38 for propelling the dummy from the launcher, and a release mechanism for releasing the dummy from the launcher. The propulsion means may comprise biasing means and an electromagnetic latching mechanism. Alternatively, the propulsion means comprises an air or other gas which is released on trigger of a switch the resulting pressure forcing the dummy from the launcher. Remote emission of light, sound or additional odour from the launcher and/or dummy/ball to assist with early training or training in conditions of reduced light are also covered.


: In this paper, we deal with the application of an unconditionally implicit finite difference approximation equation of the one-dimensional linear time fractional diffusion equations via the Caputo's time fractional derivative. Based on this implicit approximation equation, the corresponding linear system can be generated in which its coefficient matrix is large scale and sparse. To speed up the convergence rate in solving the linear system iteratively, we construct the corresponding preconditioned linear system. Then we formulate and implement the Preconditioned Gauss-Seidel (PGS) iterative method for solving the generated linear system. One example of the problem is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of PGS method. The numerical results of this study show that the proposed iterative method is superior to the basic GS iterative method.


ABSTRACT Background In an increasingly litigious medical environment, this study examined women's experiences of their interactions with practitioners when severe abnormalities are discovered at birth. Methods Eight in-depth interviews with women were conducted in France. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results Four superordinate themes were identified: the importance of attunement to women's emotions and needs; the possibility of litigation but no direct accusation; reasons for not resorting to litigation; and reframing and positive transformations. Despite experiencing distress, women were reluctant to make a complaint against practitioners. Several factors may account for this, but practitioners' ability to relate to women with humanity was particularly significant. Conclusion Women understood the limits of technology and of the care practitioners can provide, but greatly valued practitioners' empathic and honest communications. Thus, adopting a transparent and open approach may foster trusting relationships with women/parents. In turn, this may lower the prospect of litigation being brought against practitioners when severe abnormalities are discovered at birth.


This paper evaluates the impact of the Population Promotion Project on the youth and the general population in Kenya. A survey was conducted to obtain information on the popularity of the radio and television programs. Findings showed that Tushauriane radio program was listened to by about 48.7% of the respondents while Panga Uzazi got the highest rating; an indication that the people were interested in programs with clear themes and facts and are related to their daily lives. The respondents regarding the three programs especially on their educative aspect made several comments and recommendations were given based on the outcome of the survey. Findings of the survey will be used as guide in future radio and television productions that promotes population education.


Abstract— The GABA‐elevating agents, aminooxyacetic acid, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, all possessed anticonvulsant properties, although to a widely varying degree. Aminooxyacetic acid was the most efficacious in delaying drug‐induced seizures in mice whereas hydroxylamine brought about only a slight delay in the onset of seizures. The anticonvulsant action was observed against various convulsant agents regardless of whether the convulsant mechanism might involve a deranged GABA metabolism (allylglycine, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, hydrazine), an interference with GABA function (picrotoxin) or some other mechanism (pentylenetetrazol). The anticonvulsant action was not related in a simple manner to either GABA levels or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities but the anomalous situation whereby seizures occurred when the GABA content of brain was above normal could be resolved on the basis of an expression which included changes in both GABA levels and GAD activity. The possibility was proposed that the anticonvulsant action of aminooxyacetic acid involved two separate mechanisms.


This work attempts to examine the contents (the bibliographic structure), genesis and cultural-historical significance of the series Materials for the Croatian Retrospective Bibliography: 1835-1940. The series comprises of 25 volumes with more than 8000 pages. Since 1941 the best and most prominent Croatian bibliographic experts in the National and University Library took part in this project, namely Matko Rojnic, Eva Verona, Branka Hergesic and others.
In 1982 we started publishing the bibliography, which until then was available in the card catalogue only. At the end of 1999 the last 25th volume was printed.
The series had been designed by Matko Rojnic, as a general national, primary, retrospective Croatian bibliography of books, and it has been published by his successors. The series is considered as the most important Croatian printed bibliography of books and therefore deserves our undivided attention.


In the eyes of the eighteenth-century elite, no group of working people was more guilty of sartorial extravagance than servants. Frequently rehearsed in pamphlets, magazines, novels, plays and caricatures, the case against servants' pursuit of fashionable and luxurious dress was constructed from three key elements. 1 First, servants were attacked for dressing above their station, so that it was 'a hard matter to know the mistress from the maid by their dress'. 2 In so doing, servants were blurring what the employing classes regarded as the appropriate hierarchical distinctions in a society where dress was expected to indicate rank, a common theme in this volume. Second, it was argued that servants' determination to acquire expensive, fashionable clothes prevented them from saving, encouraged them to seek increases in wages, and inculcated improvident habits which led them into dishonesty and vice. The third argument against servants' indulgence in fashionable dress was that it encouraged a process of emulative competition. Such competition was, for many eighteenth-century commentators, the force which propelled the spread through the social hierarchy and across the country of luxury, itself regarded as the chiefmenace to individual morality, national advancement, and the balance of trade. Servants, because they were intimate with the fashions adopted by their employers, but socially part of the lower orders, were natural intermediaries. The servants of the great, it was argued, were copied by those of the middling ranks; London servants by their provincial cousins. The labouring poor copied servants of every kind, of whom it was said 'by their example they spread the contagion of luxury and idleness among the lower ranks of people'. 4 Historians have generally endorsed these eighteenth-century opinions. As the introduction to this volume suggested, some have concluded that servants played a decisive role in expanding the markets for fashionable goods, creating a late eighteenthcentury consumer boom, and, as a consequence, stimulating the Industrial Revolution. 'The expansion of the market, revealed in the literary evidence, occurred first among the domestic-servant class, then among the industrial workers, and finally among the agricultural workers.,6 But others, while accepting that servants might dress in clothes resembling those of their masters and mistresses, have argued it does not necessarily follow that servants contributed directly to an expansion of the overall demand for clothing.


Objective To compare the anthropometry of the obese preschool children and health preschool children so as to provide a scientific and reasonable index system to diagnose children obesity in chinic.Methods558 children at the age of 3-6 years were selected from Chengdu to perform case-control ratio study with 1︰2 case-control ratio. and their weight,height,blood pressure,skinfold and body circumferences were measured.ResultsWhen compared with control group,the BMI,blood pressure,body girth and skin-fold thickness in cases at different ages and sex showed to be significantly increased,and there were no significant difference between two control group. The coefficient correlation of BMI associated with hip circumference,subscapular,iliac skinfold and SF4 was above 0.7(P﹤0.01).ConclusionThe children obesity and the obese types could be measured by using physical measurement,while monitoring related indexes is the effective way to prevent children obesity.


Abstract A major grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund has led to an innovative public history project designed to raise awareness of the historical significance of Birkenhead Park which, when opened in April 1847, was the first public park in Britain. The paper focuses on the problems implicit in reinterpreting the public history of an important civic park in terms of the interpretative conflicts, tensions, and synergies between academic research, curricular constraints, popular expectations, and the dominant agendas of funding agencies and local government.


A decision maker (DM) observes a noisy signal of the quality of a project before deciding to accept or reject the project. We show (i) as the amount of noise increases, the minimum signal required for acceptance may either increase or decrease, and may be nonmonotonic. (ii) Consequently, the average quality of accepted projects may either increase or decrease in the amount of noise. (iii) The effect of increased noise on decisions depends in a straightforward way on which kind of mistake leaves the DM worse off, a rejection of a good project or an acceptance of a bad project.


In the paper, an evaluation of the efficiency of the application of ERP class integrated systems and BI tools was carried out, through analysis of two cases micro-and-small enterprises (MSEs). An analysis of the observed successes allowed precise definition of key factors in their successes or failures, in the scope of the efficiency of BI tools application in management. Confirmed rules for guaranteeing of unconditional compatibility of the contents of data warehouses with the transactional databases are, in the opinion of the author, a necessary condition for long-term success with BI application in decisions-making processes. The solutions proposed in the paper for a data processing organisation system were effectively verified over several years' use at the POZKAL printing house in Inowroclaw. Such solutions force compatibility of transactional databases with data warehouse contents, an area often underestimated by the authors of other publications in this area.


Defensive systems of main settlements in the region around Rome are diverse during the period 950 to 300 BC. They consist originally of natural defences in the form of steep hillsides, trenches as well as monumental earthworks with or without stone walls. Often an efficient combination of fortification works is recorded to prevent the construction of full-blown artificial battlements around the entire settlement with sizes up to 200 hectares. Rome is the exception because it became within its fortification at least twice as large as its Etruscan peers around 600-550 BC. The beginning of the construction of full-size city walls with rectangular stones is disputed. They became more common from the 6th century BC onwards. The full circuit, retaining walls made of massive polygon stones, expands the number of options for battlements but seem hardly constructed any longer after the 3rd century BC. Some issues regarding concepts of fortification in central Italy are reviewed. The paper presents cases of fortifications at main sites around Rome such as Veii, Ardea and Crustumerium revealing that concepts of defences were frequently modified once the perimeter of a proto-urban/urban settlement was established. These cases are subsequently integrated to address the long-standing debate on Rome's Esquiline agger and an argument on the rise of the Roman state.


Background: Distal femoral fractures are serious injuries and represent a real challenge as regards their management. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the results of treatment of distal femoral fractures by retrograde intramedullary nail versus minimally invasive locking compression plate. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study that included 20 patients with distal femoral fractures; 10 of them treated by retrograde nail (group A) and the remainder treated by locked plate using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique (group B) at El-Hadra University Hospital and Kafr-Eldawar General Hospital from AUG 2016 till AUG 2018. Results: In group A, the results were excellent in 2 patients (20.0%), good in 3 (30.0%), fair in 3 (30.0%) and poor 2 patients (20.0%). In group B, the result was excellent in one patient (10.0%), good in 4 patients (40.0%), fair in 3 patients (30.0%) and poor in 2 patients (20.0%). There was no significant statistical difference regarding final score in the two studied groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It could be concluded that retrograde nailing provides a good intramedullary stability and firm callus and may be effectively implanted in segmental fractures of the distal femur. unrelenting knee pain and inability to move the knee in type C fractures are the main limiting factors of retrograde nail. LCP was associated with less morbidity in terms of persistent knee pain and better range of movements than retrograde nailing. Locked plating may be utilized for all distal femur fractures including type C fractures and osteoporotic fractures.


Because of a need to reduce electricity consumption and to make electricity generation cleaner, there is an impetus to improve the energy efficiency of the building stock and widespread installation of distributed variable renewable energy generation. Soon, a significant fraction of transportation energy will be in the form of electricity. Significant gains in building operational efficiency are possible because between 20% and 30% of the energy consumed in commercial buildings is typically wasted because of poor or inefficient building operations. To address these problems, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office is supporting the development of the concept of a "transactional network" that supports energy, operational, and financial transactions between building systems (e.g., rooftop units), and the electric power grid using applications, or "agents," that reside either on the equipment, on local building controllers, or in the Cloud. This article describes the transactional network concept, the platform, and two example agents/applications within VOLTTRON™ that improve operational efficiency and enable grid services for packaged air conditioners and heat pumps (rooftop units). It also describes the results from testing the concept at some demonstration sites.


The invention relates to a power amplifier and an idling current setting circuit. The idling current setting circuit (3) comprises: current setting transistors (Q3, Q4) connected to output transistors (Q1, Q2) in a driver (2) in current mirror form; a plurality of current setting resistors (R1 to R4); and a plurality of switches (ASW1 to ASW4) for switching to any of the current setting resistors(R1 to R4). This enables the idling current to be set by the current mirror ratio between the current setting transistors (Q3, Q4) having no connection with the open gain of the power amplifier and the output transistors (Q1, Q2), so that the idling current can be arbitrarily set independently of the open gain.


We read with great interest the recently published paper by Santa-Ana-Tellez et al. ([1][1]). In that work, the authors measured the changes in the seasonal variation in penicillin use before and after the restrictions on over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotic sales went into effect in Mexico and Brazil


The invention discloses an integrated refining system and process using an oil shale retorting gas to produce hydrogen and upgrade. The system comprises an oil shale destructive distillation unit, a shale oil hydrogenation and upgrading unit, a methane vapor reforming unit and a building material production unit, wherein the methane vapor reforming unit comprises a vapor reforming reactor, a CaO regenerative combustion furnace, a compression heat exchanger, a vapor reforming gas flash-evaporation tower and a transformation adsorption device. According to the system and process disclosed by the invention, methane reforming reaction is carried out onto the destructive distillation gas, a hydrogen source is provided for shale oil hydrogenation and upgrading, complementary utilization of the destructive distillation gas and the shale oil hydrogen element is realized, and waste fragment shale of the oil shale destructive distillation unit is combusted to provide heat for roasting CaCO3 in the CaO regenerative combustion furnace, so that utilization efficiency of resources and energy resources is improved. According to the system and process disclosed by the invention, economic benefits of the existing oil shale oil-refining and upgrading processes can be remarkably improved, resource utilization rate of the process is increased, and emission of solid waste and an industrial waste gas is reduced.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
This research paper concentrates on the reasons why the labor-only procurement of construction services is being commonly used in Nigeria. Adopting a survival strategy for hard economic times of accepting labor-only work benefits small- and medium-sized contractors by providing quick sources of cash flow and by allowing them to build more client relationships, while small private clients benefit from cost savings and from controlling material quality.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists, and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


Imitation milk was produced from almond seed and was preserved using a local preservative from carica papaya extract. Imitation milk is the milk which is made of food materials of vegetable origin, such as peanut, soybean and almond and may serve as a boom for the countries, where the supply of milk is inadequate. Almond milk has a short shelf life and is normally produced as homemade milk. Attempt is made in this study to extend the shelf life by the use of local preservatives.. Various concentration of papaya extract was used to determine the most appropriate concentration of papaya extract needed to give acceptable product. Concentration of 3% and 5% of papaya extract were added to the imitation milk and subjected to physicochemical, microbial, sensory analysis and shelf life study. Results obtained showed that the imitation milk contain 11.57% protein, 0.14% carbohydrate, 10.42% crude fat, and 6.71% ash. Total solid (23.73), pH (4.81–5.868); brix (5.5–7.0); viscosity (900–1117), specific gravity (1025–1033), titratable acidity(0.5–3.35). Microbial analysis showed 94×10−6–106×10−5 cfu/ml, 93×10−6–99×10− cfu/ml, Sensory analysis result showed that sample with 5% carica papaya extract was most preferred and contain the least microbial load. The use of papaya extract was found to increase the shelf life of the almond milk to seven days in this study.


Urbanization is the process of town formation as a result of a gradual shift in the distribution of people from rural areas toward urban concentrations. From the standpoint of one who attempts to see activities in terms of space or appropriate physical arrangements, urbanization on the scale we are experiencing suggests broader rather than narrower opportunities for education.


G. Caetano-Anolies, "DNA Amplification Fingerprinting Using Arbitrary Mini-hairpin Oligonucleotide Primers', Bio/Technology, vol. 12, Jun. 1994, pp. 619–623. G. Krupp et al., "Simplified in vitro synthesis of mutated RNA molecules", Federation of European Biochemical Societies, vol. 212, Feb. 1987, pp. 271-275. W. Carpenter et al., "A Transcriptionally Amplified DNA Probe Assay with Ligatable Probes and Immunochemical Detection", Clin. Chem. vol. 39, No. 9, 1993, pp. 1934-1938.


The invention discloses a survey, search and rescue robot with the functions of simultaneous localization and map building. The survey, search and rescue robot is applied to the field of map building of a tunnel, terrain exploration and the like after a disaster and comprises an obstacle crossing chassis, a vehicle body platform, a three-dimensional scanning module, a master control unit, a vehicle body shell and a driving module. A bionic suspension structure driven by six wheels is adopted for the obstacle crossing chassis, and a vehicle body has passive self-adaptability on different kinds of terrain. The three-dimensional scanning module comprises a three-dimensional scanning robot, a laser scanning radar, an infrared temperature sensor, a laser inertial sensor and a fixed support. The survey, search and rescue robot can explore the ambient environment autonomously in the marching process and establish a three-dimensional topographic map in real time, and meanwhile whether life bodies possibly exist or not is detected; the real-time three-dimensional topographic map and possible life body search and rescue positions can be fed back to operators; the operators are helped to fast and accurately know the site conditions so that the rescuing work can be carried out as soon as possible, and meanwhile unnecessary casualties and labor losses of exploration and search and rescue staff are reduced.


FDG-PET role in the assessment of lymphoma patients is well established but only few papers evaluated the usefulness of FDG-PET during follow up.

Aim: to prospectively investigate the value of serial FDG-PET scans in the follow up of lymphoma patients in complete remission. All lymphoma patients who achieved a complete remission were prospectively enrolled in the study and scheduled for serial FDG-PET scans at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months; further scans were then carried out on annual basis (overall 421 pts, 160 pts with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and 261 pts with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) were studied). All patients had a final assessment using other imaging procedures and/or biopsy and/or clinical evolution. FDG-PET findings were reported as positive, indeterminate or negative for relapse; after comparison with all available data, PET results were categorized as true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP), indeterminate turned out to be relapse (I+) and indeterminate turned out to be complete remission (I-).

Results: PET documented relapse in 42 cases at 6 mo (14 HD (8.8%) and 28 NHL (10.7%); in 31 cases at 12 mo (14 HD (9.5%) and 17 NHL (7.3%); in 27 cases at 18 mo (6 HD (4.5%) and 21 NHL (3.2%); in 9 cases at 24 mo (3 HD (2.4%) and 6 NHL (3.2%); and in 5 cases at > 36 mo (2 HD (2.8%) and 3 NHL (6.5%). Out of 125 scans reported as positive for relapse, 109 turned out to be TP (PPV of 87%); no false negative scan was recorded, and in the great majority of cases PET detected the presence of relapse before clinical evidence. Our results confirm that FDG-PET is a valid tool for lymphoma patients follow-up. The higher incidence of relapse occurred in both HD and NHL quite early after complete remission (at 6 and 12 months for HD and at 6, 12 and 18 months for NHD), thus confirming the usefulness of performing FDG-PET scans at these times in order to identify recurrence. The role of serial PET at later times (after 18 months for HD and 24 months for NHL) was found less relevant.


A group of 55 pharmacies located mainly in Pennsylvania has turned to the courts to resolve reimbursement differences with Catamaran.


Flexibility is an important component in Karate. Stretching is one way to improve the Range of Motion (ROM). Stretching static is one type of stretching that can be used. Long static stretching with low intensity is the safest form of stretching and gives significant results. The purpose of this study to determine: 1) Effect of active static stretching against on Hip joint ROM on female Karate athletes of UMS. 2) The effect of passive static stretching on hip joint ROM on female Karate athletes of UMS. 3) To know the effect of active and passive static stretching effect on Hip ROM on female Karate athletes of UMS.
The research used Quasi Experimental Research method. Sample of research are 10 female karate athletes of UMS. It has 2 free variables and 1 dependent variable. Data is numeric and analyzed with SPSS 20.0. The result of research are: 1) T test result show sig 0.000<0,05, hence show significant influence. 2). sig 0.000<0.05, then show a meaningful influence. 3) visible sig 0.024, so it can be concluded there is a significant effect difference between active and passive static stretching against ROM on  female karate athletes of  UMS.
From the results of this study can be concluded, 1) there is a significant effect between the giving of active static stretching to increase ROM of hip joint. 2) there was a significant effect between giving static passive stretching to increasing ROM of hip joint. 3) there is a difference significant effect between active and passive static stretching against increasing  ROM on hip joint.


In the following work, which was undertaken at the suggestion of Professor Leo Loeb, my aim has been to correlate the micro scopical and experimental analysis of the sexual cycle which this author had previously made and further studies which he had planned at that time with a careful study of the cyclic changes as far as they are accessible to the naked eye. These observations were made at the breeding establishment of Miss A. E. C. Lathrop, in Granby, Mass., during the years 1913 and 1914.'


Loess geological disaster is closely related to its microstructural characteristics.For the issues now existing in quantitative analysis of scanning electron microscope(SEM) image,the microstructural characteristics of intact and cyclic loaded Q3 losses are studied.Firstly,noise reduction and segmentation method in the scanning electron microscope(SEM) image processing are discussed.A SEM image analysis method is presented by applying Lee image enhancement algorithm to image noise reduction and applying the fuzzy C-means clustering method to gray-scale image segmentation.With the presented SEM image analysis method,the pore area,pore size,roundness,shape ratio and other parameters of Q3 losses before and after cyclic loading are calculated.The results indicate as follows:(1) Large pores number of loess decreases,loess particles gradually arrange densely,and their contact relationship changes from point contact to surface contact under dynamic stress by analyzing the appearance features of SEM images.(2) The deformation produced by cyclic loading is mainly due to damage of large pores by analyzing pore area and its number changes.(3) Loess pores get a directional feature and the features change after damage of soil structure due to cyclic loading by analyzing loess pore directional distribution characteristics.(4) Based on the study of pore shape distribution characteristics,the soil particles may rotate and narrow pore of loess changes greatly,which resultantly result in the damage of pore connectivity.The study can provide basis for soil macroscopic deformation mechanism.


Poly(3‐octylthiophene) (P3OT) was synthesized by direct oxidation of the 3‐octylthiophene monomer using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant. Using the drop‐casting technique, P3OT coatings were deposited onto 304 type stainless steel electrodes. For the purpose of determining the effect of thermal annealing on the corrosion protection of stainless steel with P3OT coatings, the coated electrodes were thermally annealed for 30 h at two different temperatures, 55 and 100 °C. The corrosion behavior of P3OT coated stainless steel was investigated in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at room temperature using potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that the thermally treated P3OT coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. The best corrosion protection was obtained by the P3OT coating annealed at 100 °C. In order to study the temperature effect on the morphology of the coatings before and after the corrosive environment and compare it with corrosion protection, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used.


Borrowing from the media, communication, and psychological literatures on parasocial, or one–sided, relationships to media figures, the current investigation examined the processes underlying the anthropomorphism of favorite television characters. Two studies tested the hypothesis that individuals' affection for television characters predicts their perceptions of realness. In Study One, participants reported their perceptions of and feelings toward either their favorite television character or an equally familiar, nonfavorite character, and results provided initial support for our hypothesis. In Study Two, participants were passively exposed to an image of either their favorite television characters or a control, nonfavorite character while completing well–learned and novel motor tasks. In line with classic social facilitation findings, participants in the "presence of" their favorite character (versus the nonfavorite character) demonstrated facilitation on the well–learned task and inhibition on the nove...


iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Mark Rodwell. Mark has been a great teacher and an excellent boss. Without the support, encouragement, and opportunities that he provided, I am sure that I would be in a far different place in my career and in life. I am grateful to have Mark Rodwell as my research advisor, and I take great pride in having my name and my work associated with him. I am also grateful to Professor Art Gossard and John English for allowing the opportunity to work and learn in their MBE labs. My time in the MBE lab provides many fond memories; I learned so many things, and I was exposed to subjects that many electrical engineers might never see. I immensely appreciate the opportunity. I would also like to acknowledge and thank the fab staff and those who shared the fab while I was at UCSB. I would also like to thank the guys in Mark Rodwell's group who shared the lab and office space during my time at UCSB. I remember my time at UCSB with great fondness, and I realize that it was one of the most creative, insightful, and productive periods in my career. I learned so much, and I had such a great time at UCSB. I attribute my awesome experience to those who helped me along the way and to those who shared in the experience. Finally, I would like to acknowledge and thank Pei Pei. Although completely outside the technical aspects of my graduate career, she has provided the stability and the strength that benefits me and benefits those around me; even if few were aware of the role that she had served. A novel InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) regrowth to form the emitter-base heterojunction and emitter capping layers is presented in this dissertation. The motivation for this work is to combining the positive attributes of the SiGe HBT device structure and fabrication technology with the superior attributes of III-V material systems. The intention of this work is to provide initial investigations into the required material properties as well as initial demonstrations of devices with regrown emitters. Low-resistance polycrystalline InAs (poly-InAs) deposited onto silicon nitride (SiN x) dielectric is demonstrated, and an investigation into material property dependencies on deposition conditions is presented. Low-resistance poly-InAs may be used as an emitter capping material …


Copies of Charles Heaphy's two lithographs of Port Nicholson chiefs in 1839 or 1840, first published in 1845. Wharepouri is on the left, pointing to his left with a mere in his right hand, with a background of Wellington Harbour and the ship Tory. Te Puni is on the right, holding a taiaha in his right hand, with a background of Petone Pa with a White Ensign flag flying, the Western Hills and part of the Harbour
A copy of Heaphy's lithograph 'The two head chiefs of Port Nicholson. Warepori or 'Dark house' and Epuni or 'Greedy', published as Plate 1 in E. J. Wakefield's Illustrations to Adventure in New Zealand (London, 1845)
Other Titles - Warepori or dark house, Epuni or greedy, the two head chiefs of Port Nicholson
Quantity: 1 b&w art print(s).
Physical Description: Two lithographs, on sheet 225 x 285 mm
Transfers: From Manuscripts & Archives -.


The AFCI's necessity in the circuit was introduced.The relative knowledge about AFCI products and also its related products were expounded.The classification of arc,working mode and working principle of AFCI were introduced.The practical use indicated that AFCI could be applicated in electric fire fighting field.


Research suggests that there may be differences between individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence and individuals diagnosed with opioid dependence on co-morbid mental health problems (e.g., personality disorders, and mood disorders). This study examined whether there were differences in early maladaptive schemas, which are theorized to underlie mental health problems, among women diagnosed with alcohol or opioid dependence who were seeking treatment for their substance use (n = 420). Results showed that opioid-dependent women scored higher on two of the 18 early maladaptive schemas, particularly the schemas of dependence and punitiveness. Overall, these findings suggest that early maladaptive schemas may be largely consistent across women diagnosed with alcohol or opioid dependence. Implications of these findings for future research and treatment are discussed.


Irmgard Emmelhainz: Nervus Rerum focuses upon the non-space that has become the urban condition for Palestinians: the non-space of the refugee camp. This might be understood in relation to my work on Jean Luc Godard and the Palestine Question as the conundrum of "representing" Palestine that is predicated upon territorial absence. Your new work moves away from current documentary representations of the Palestinian ordeal, which I think are ineffective, so much so that some of the representation and media coverage has been termed "Pallywood." The term was coined after the controversy surrounding the video recording of the death of Mohammad al Durah, a twelve-year-old Gazan caught between crossfire and shot by Israeli Defense Forces in 2000, an event that some people thought was staged. Kodwo Eshun: One idea that informed Nervus Rerum was the proposition that the Steadicam moves through the space of the camp but does not render it legible. Simultaneously, people turn their backs on the camera; they turn away from the inspection of the camera in order to produce an opacity that seeks to prevent the viewer from producing knowledge from images. The film does not offer an ethnographic shortcut to empathy. Anjalika Sagar: The idea is to explore the condition of non-empathy. There is a wariness of the idea of the Other speaking for themselves either from a state of victimhood or a state of defiance.


AIM: To report the outcome of surgery in patients with(pre)malignant conditions of celiac disease(CD) and the impact on survival.METHODS: A total of 40 patients with(pre)malignant conditions of CD,ulcerative jejunitis(n = 5) and enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma(EATL)(n = 35),who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Data on indications,operative procedure,post-operative morbidity and mortali ty,adjuvant therapy and overal l survival(OS) were collected. Eleven patients with EATL who underwent chemotherapy without resection were included as a control group for survival analysis. Patients were followed-up every three months during the first year and at 6-mo intervals thereafter.RESULTS: Mean age at resection was 62 years. The majority of patients(63%) underwent elective laparotomy. Functional stenosis(n = 1 3) and perforation(n = 12) were the major indications for surgery. In 70% of patients radical resection wasperformed. Early postoperative complications,mainly due to leakage or sepsis,occurred in 14/40(35%) of patients. Eight patients required reoperation. More patients who underwent resection in the acute setting(n = 3,20%) died compared to patients treated in the elective setting. With a median follow-up of 20 mo,seven patients(18%) required reoperation due to long-term complications. Significantly more patients who underwent acute surgery could not be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who first underwent surgical resection showed significantly better OS than patients who received chemotherapy without resection.CONCLUSION: Although the complication rate is high,the preferred first step of treatment in(pre)malignant CD consists of local resection as early as possible to improve survival.


caught in an unseasonal southerly gale somewhere along the route from Pydna to Ephesus, even so, the captain of the vessel would have been able to make a lee shore in a variety of places closer than Thasos. The various gulfs of Chalcidice, or the island of Lemnos, for instance, offer more convenient anchorages in which to wait out a gale. Furthermore, the Thracian peraea opposite Thasos is an 'iron coast'; I cannot believe that any sailor in his right mind would allow himself to be blown any closer to it than possible. Naxos fits the situation far better. A ship bound across the Aegean might encounter a northerly, with accompanying swells, so strong that it was no longer safe to make its easting. In this case, Themistoclcs' ship would have run down to shelter between Naxos and Paros and lain at anchor until the gale slackened enough to permit beating back up to Ephesus. Flaceliere has suggested that the reading of 'Thasos' makes sense in the text of Plutarch, for the biographer's account makes Themistocles land at Cyme, instead of Ephesus. But if one lays out dead-reckoning courses, Pydna—Ephesus and Pydna—Cyme, it will be seen that the angle is not great enough to make that much difference. For instance, at 24° 40' E (i.e. due south of Thasos) a ship on the Cyme course would be only about thirty miles north of one on the Ephesus course. No explanation of Themistocles' flight is particularly convincing, because of the various chronological difficulties. One can deal only with probabilities here; my point has been to show the improbability of the reading 'Thasos' from considerations of Aegean navigation.


Annealed proton-exchanged(APE)LiNbO3 optical waveguides are currently used in many integrated optic devices.Using the wide angle finite difference beam propagation method,the influences of waveguides pa- rameters on the bend loss of three generally used S-shaped waveguide bends fabricated by APE technology are analyzed.The different LiNbO3 substrate cut is also considered here.The results show that the dependence of bend loss on the waveguides parameters is analogous among those bend waveguides.It is also shown that the bend loss of X-cut APE waveguide is smeller than that of Z-cut in general.The numerical results are useful for the design and fabrication of the associated optical waveguide devices.


We discuss a simple model of high-energy emission for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) based on synchrotron radiation of particles impulsively accelerated. The emission model assumes a source of magnetohydrodynamical outflow and efficient and fast particle acceleration (most likely mediated by a relativistic shock) in optically thin environments. The properties of the synchrotron shock emission can be derived under general conditions valid for both galactic or cosmological interpretations of GRB sources. We show that the synchrotron shock model (SSM) predicts a specific shape of the GRB spectral continuum (broad maximum of the νFν spectrum, low-energy continuum with characteristic 'curvature', high-energy power-law emission) in agreement with all available broad-band GRB spectra. The 'peak' photon energy Ep of the GRB νFν spectrum is interpreted as the relativistic synchrotron energy of impulsively accelerated particles. From the GRB properties, we obtain a crucial constraint relating the average Lorentz factor of...


Ailbhe Goodbody talked to Dan Allan, senior vice president, and Mike Weir, operations manager, from Kal Tire's Mining Group about the most important components of safety


Abstract Intergenerational interaction has the potential to reduce ageism and increase feelings of generativity in both younger and older adults. To expand aging education beyond our aging and gerontology classes, we collaborated with our campus LGBT Center and community partners to host several intergenerational conversations between younger and older LGBTQ+ adults and allies. The goal was to foster connection across the generations in the LGBTQ+ community through discussions of topics of mutual interest (e.g., ageism, identity & language). Participants in the LGBTQ+ conversations reported that they valued the opportunity to talk with members of the community from different generations and that the conversations changed their views of one another in a positive way. We will discuss the strengths and challenges of our program, ideas for future programs and research, and suggestions for integrating discussion of LGBTQ+ aging into the classroom.


Research on consumer satisfaction with products has typically ignored influences other than the confirmation of expectations relative to product outcomes. This paper examines the impact of broader, intrapersonal affective variables on satisfaction, and presents empirical results on the relative effects of both types of influence.


Background and objectives: Globally mortality among complicated severe acute malnutrition children is unacceptably high; ranging from 3.5 % as high as 35 %. In Ethiopia, mortality is still high from 6 % to 29 % but predictors of mortality were not well established. This study assessed survival status and predictors of mortality among children aged 0-59 month with severe Acute Malnutrition admitted in Dilchora referral Hospital. Methods: A retrospective Cohort study was conducted on random sample of 631 eligible medical records of SAM children treated in Dilchora referral hospital. Data collected using a pretested data extraction format was  entered to Epidata software checked, validated and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis using life table, Kaplan Meir test and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: Data from 617 medical records were collected with 97.8 % card retrieval rate. From this 345 (55.9 %) were male with mean age of 23.6 months ± 14.7 months. About 256 (41.5 %) and 134 (21.8 %) had diarrhea and pneumonia. Overall 47 (7.6 %) were died while 431 (69.9 %) were cured. Most cases of death occur during the first weeks of admission to hospital. Children with HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhea, dehydration and who took IV antibiotics and fluid had significantly lower mean survival time than counter parts. Failed appetite (AHR = 2.75), diarrhea (AHR = 2.52), malaria (AHR = 12.69), lower WFH % (AHR = 0.95) and HIV sero positivity (AHR = 12.5) are independent predictors of mortality of SAM children. Additionally not taking F 100 (AHR = 3.26) and F 75 (AHR = 2.56) were significantly increase hazards of death from SAM. Conclusion: Generally higher level of mortality was seen. Presence of medical co morbidities, IV fluid and antibiotics intake and not being supplemented by nutritional therapy were significant predictors of death. Key words: Survival status, Predictors, Mortality, Malnutrition


Eighteenth-century notions of dependency and deviancy did not survive for very long into the nineteenth, nor did its methods of dispensing charity and correction. The social, intellectual, and economic changes that differentiated the states of the new republic from the several colonies prompted a critical reappraisal and revision of the ideas and techniques of social control. Americans felt compelled to rethink inherited procedures and devise new methods to replace old ones. They devoted extraordinary attention to this issue, hoping to establish quickly and effectively alternatives to the colonial system. Between 1790 and 1830, the nation's population greatly increased and so did the number and density of cities. Even gross figures reveal the dimensions of the change. In these forty years, the population of Massachusetts almost doubled, in Pennsylvania it tripled, and in New York it increased five times; border and midwestern states, practically empty in 1790, now held over three million people. At Washington's inauguration, only two hundred thousand Americans lived in towns with more than twenty-five hundred people; by Jackson's accession, the number exceeded one million. In 1790, no American city had more than fifty thousand residents. By 1830, almost half a million people lived in urban centers larger than that. During these same years factories began to dot the New England and mid-Atlantic rivers. The decade of the 1830's witnessed the first accelerated growth of manufacturing in the nation. At the same time, Enlightenment ideas challenged Calvinist doctrines; the prospect of boundless improvement confronted a grim determinism. But these general trends are not sufficient to explain the very specific reactions to the issue of deviant and dependent behavior. To them must be added Americans' understanding of these changes. Under the influence of demographic, economic and intellectual develop-


INTRODUCTION In the China Medical College in Laioning Province in northeast China 760 kilometres from Peking, obstetric and gynaecological patients were treated using a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Over many years of practice and experience, Chinese medical workers concluded that certain herbs have significant antibiotic properties whilst others cause contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus and intestine. A selection of these Chinese herbs has been made into decoctions and injections for use after surgery. The aim of this paper is to describe the effects of post-operative therapy with Chinese herbs in obstetric and gynaecological surgery especially in the prevention of infection and flatulent distension.


Breaking the time-reversal symmetry on the surface of a topological insulator can open a gap for the linear dispersion and make the Dirac fermions massive. This can be achieved by either doping a topological insulator with magnetic elements or proximity-coupling it to magnetic insulators. While the exchange gap can be directly imaged in the former case, measuring it at the buried magnetic insulator/topological insulator interface remains to be challenging. Here, we report the observation of a large nonlinear Hall effect in iron garnet/Bi2Se3 heterostructures. Besides illuminating its magnetic origin, we also show that this nonlinear Hall effect can be utilized to measure the size of the exchange gap and the magnetic-proximity onset temperature. Our results demonstrate the nonlinear Hall effect as a spectroscopic tool to probe the modified band structure at magnetic insulator/topological insulator interfaces.


The celebrated tabletop guitarist Keith Rowe has provocatively aligned the new electro-acoustic improvised music with the aesthetics of Duchamp rather than its musical forebears in electro-acoustic music or improvised music in general. However, on examination, this association does not hold. Rowe's reading of Duchamp is rather partial and overlooks the latter's radical intervention into the field of painting. Rowe's version of Duchamp is of an artist who widened the parameters of what might be used to produce an artistic object. Rowe, therefore, attends much more closely to Duchamp's recuperation of the objet trouvé rather than the critique of art that Duchamp supplied. Instead, the innovation of electro-acoustic music lies in its privileging of "glitch" aesthetics, the "pariahs of sound," sonic attributes that had been historically purged from musical language and that in a different manner can be seen to exemplify Duchamp's concept of the infra-thin – not one of "nomination" but rather aural toleration and acceptability. In the end, in looking at the work of Duchamp scholar Thierry de Duve and recent examples in electro-acoustic improv, we can see that Rowe's ambitious statement is inadequate and a "post-Artaudian" description is more appropriate.


Fast neutron flux gradient in the hydraulic rabbit irradiation facility of the JMTR reactor (core portion of the reactor) was determined using a laser-heating 40Ar/39Ar dating system. The gradient was obtained as a J value gradient determined by measuring age-known standard minerals closely spaced in an irradiation capsule. A vertical flux gradient was 1.5-1.7%/cm and relatively small compared to other reactors. On the other hand, a horizontal flux gradient was much larger than the vertical gradient being up to 13%/cm. This gradient can cause as much as 10.5% variation in J values across a single sample packet (8 mm × 8 mm in size) at a given vertical position in an irradiation capsule. This possible dispersion far exceeds the analytical error for each isotope analysis and causes large error and poor accuracy of obtained ages without correction for horizontal flux gradient. This study indicates that both unknown samples and monitor minerals should be irradiated at the same horizontal position, or relative positions among the unknown samples and monitor minerals should be measured in both vertical and horizontal directions and the 3D variation of fast neutron flux should be determined.


Through this work, the definition of intelligence and its typeswas attempted, as well as the investigation of factors that affect it. It was described the way mental retardation influences the person's behavior, aiming at indicating the way a book can help persons with mental retardation form their personality and cope with the various everyday difficulties.


Argon sensitizes the radiolysis of propane, presumably by dissociative charge transfer. Hydrogen interferes with the sensitization reaction by serving as a scavenger for Ar+ according to the reaction Ar++H2→ArH++H. Sensitization and self‐inhibition by hydrogen are also considered, and approximate values of the sensitization rate constants are derived from a study of the inhibition processes.


An in situ process for the preparation of resin particles comprising: preparing a seed particle latex by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a first mixture comprised of at least one monomer, an optional chain transfer agent, and a water soluble free radical initiator, wherein the reaction of the free radical initiator and monomer produces oligomeric radicals which provide in situ stabilization to the resulting first generation seed particles; optionally diluting the first seed particle latex with water; heating and starve feed adding to the first generation seed particles a second mixture comprised of at least one monomer, an organic soluble free radical initiator, an optional chain transfer agent, an optional water soluble free radical initiator, and an optional surfactant to form a third mixture comprised of second generation seed particles; heating and starve feed adding to the second generation seed particles additional said second mixture to form a fourth mixture comprised of third generation seed particles; heating and starve feed adding to the third generation seed particles additional said second mixture to form a fifth mixture comprised of fourth generation seed particles; and heating and starve feed adding to the fourth generation seed particles additional said second mixture to form a sixth mixture comprised of fifth generation seed particles.


The invention relates to a preparing method of organic medicine raw material, in particular to a preparing method of para methyl p-tolyl sulfone. The invention is prepared by active carbon purification and alkali liquor refining; the yield of the prepared product is above 72%, and the purity is above 99.5%. The invention has the characteristics of high purity, low content of impurities and high yield.


Concept hierarchies are semi-structured knowledge repositories used for organizing large amounts of documents. File systems, products taxonomies for the market place and the directories provided by Web portals are common examples of concept hierarchies. We take the perspective in which such knowledge sources are inherently distributed and we address the problem of allowing their interoperability. In this paper first we provide a formal semantics for concept hierarchies and then we use that formal framework to explore a number of linguistic issues crucial for interpreting the implicit knowledge represented there. Relevant phenomena addressed include word sense disambiguation (WORDNET has been used as sense repository), the explicitation of multiwords' semantics and the interpretation of coordinations. The Web directories of Google and Yahoo has been considered for a number of case studies.


NIE's allowed revenue from the return on capital comprises around one-quarter of its total allowed revenue as proposed by UR. UR has proposed a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 3.29%, compared to NIE's request of 4.1%. UR's lower WACC explains over half the difference between UR's proposed revenue allowance for NIE and NIE's own proposal from their business plan.1 UR's lower WACC is, therefore, a significant part of the lower charges to consumers proposed by UR in its DD compared to NIE's business plan. Notwithstanding that UR proposes a lower WACC than NIE, UR describes its proposed risk-free rate as sitting "at the high-end of the range of current plausible values" (para 12.19) and the value of its proposed expected market return was described by the Competition Commission (CC) in its 2014 report on NIE's price control as an upper limit (issue 2).


The downconversion mixer is one of the key blocks of the wireless receiver, and a significant power sink. This work is a simple first-order analysis of the dependance of power consumption of downconversion mixers in wireless transceivers on the performance parameters.


The art of trecento Venice, particularly in the official government settings of San Marco and the Palazzo Ducale, has long been understood to represent a shift in the Venetian outlook. One can readily see a turning away from its former political and cultural dependency on the Byzantine Empire to assert a new self-confidence as cosmopolitan hub of an international trade network and an emerging colonial power in the Levant, while simultaneously embracing the lingua franca of Europe, the "maniera moderna" first described as "gothic" beginning in the fifteenth century. I seek to revise this celebratory and triumphalist narrative by putting Venice's embrace of cultural encounter and appropriation in conversation with genealogies and topographies of race and racialization viewed through the lens of early Italian humanism and its ideas about empire. In asserting that certain image programs of early trecento Venice in mosaics, sculpture, and illuminated manuscripts constitute "techniques of race," I drawon a framework for premodern race articulated by Sara Ahmed, a scholar of feminist, queer, and racial studies. In her essay "Race as Sedimented History," Ahmed argues, "The idea of race, the idea that humans exist as distinct groups with common lines of descent, was a useful idea, which in turn gives us a different idea of ideas: ideas as techniques for rule . . . It is not that there are distinct races. But once human beings are understood in these terms, race comes to have a certain kind of existence." Ahmed further emphasizes the materiality of


Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in atherogenesis. High homocysteine level can predict cardiovascular events, including death. Atherosclerosis has a high incidence in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum homocysteine levels and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with RA and anti-TNF therapy. Methods: Our study included 80 RA patients divided into two groups: 45 patients were with anti-TNF-alpha therapy (Adalimumab, Infliximab, Etanercept) and 35 RA patients with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The patients were diagnosed with RA used ACR/EULAR 2010 Classification Criteria. We measured carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography at baseline and then at 12 months. CIMT above 0.9 mm is an atherosclerosis marker. We considered high levels of homocysteine in the serum above 15 µmol/L. All patients had treatment with hypolipemiant drugs and antiplatelet agents during the 12 months. Other parameters were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months: age, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, and cholesterol), ESR and disease activity score (DAS28<2.6 means remission; DAS28=2.6-3.2 means low disease activity, DAS28=3.2-5.1 means moderate disease activity; DAS28>5.1 high disease activity). Results: 45 patients received anti-TNF-alpha therapy (mean age 45.50±9.69 years) and 35 RA patients had treatment with DMARDs (mean age 48.3±8.9 years). High Hcy levels were found on 34% patients in DMARDs group and 21% patients in anti-TNF group. After 12 months of treatment, patients with high levels of Hcy and anti-TNF therapy had a significant decrease in CIMT. In patients with low Hcy level the decrease in CIMT was insignificantly statistic. In DMARDs group atherosclerotic plaque was detected to 26 patients (74.29%) and 21 (46.66%) patients were detected into anti-TNF group. After 12 months CIMT was significantly higher in DMARDs group and the difference was statistically significant compared to baseline and to anti-TNF group (p=0.0002). High DAS28 score was associated with increased CIMT and hyperhomocysteinemia in both groups (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Increased Hcy levels were associated with increased CIMT values in both groups. In RA patients with anti-TNF therapy and high Hcy levels, reduction of CIMT was statistically higher than in patients with DMARDs treatment. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Today, as a result of the urban revolution, the growing urban population and the domination of modern urbanism, the form of urban development is a horizontal dispersion that has undesirable effects on the sustainability of societies. Therefore, in the last decade of the 20th century, the sustainability principle was confirmed in urban development programs and led to move toward sustainable urban development patterns, including corridor and transit-oriented development. This development pattern is in fact a kind of functional integration between land use and transportation, usually located within a radius of 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 miles (400 to 800 meters) from transit station, which is suitable scale for pedestrians. Among the cities of Iran, Mashhad also isn't safe from the results of urban revolution and modern urbanism. In years 1976 to 2011, this city was faced with the irregular population increase and physical development, which have had numerous negative results, including: the destruction of prime agriculture resources, the increased demand for inter-urban trips, especially by cars, increased fuel consumption and increasing the air pollutants. Also, it is predicted that in 2025, the city's population will be increased to 3666000. Therefore, the main issue facing Mashhad's Construction and Development Plan is how to restrain the uneven physical development, traffic management and to decrease the increased demand for daily trips, to decrease the fuel consumption and environmental pollutions, especially air pollutants, and thus to achieve a level of sustainability. So, this research surveys the sustainability of Mashhad's urban environment based on corridor development and transit – oriented based on rail-centered approach. Rail corridors have been considered because, they are a part of main infrastructure, and it is important to pay attention to interrelationship of this system with other public transport systems and land uses located around it in order to achieve sustainability. In line with the main purpose of the research, sub-objectives are as follows: 1To identify the relationship between land use variables, density and access to public transport with the pattern of work trip pattern of Mashhad's citizen. 2To evaluate the ecological footprint of a variety of transportation option kinds in Mashhad.