Signal to Noise presents the work of a group of London-based artists whose work engages with delineations of research, truth and knowledge. Each artist has negotiated an individual way to position their work within art's current entanglement with theory and how these considerations translate into made objects. Some artists in the exhibition use research as an expression of meaning or message, in which a sense of the value of art is an articulation of the mental as being a more authentic experience than the material. Others are concerned with more formal matters with no obvious relationship to the artists' own subjectivity, being occupied by testing technologies, materials and processes. Some reject research altogether as unnecessary 'noise' that distracts from art's ultimately sensual form of truth – the 'signal' in art that creates substantial ideas through the processes of looking, thinking and feeling.


The analysis of the concept of ICT-competence of the rural schoolteacher, carried out in the article suggests the need for a new level of competence in the form of information and educational environment of the school. Taking into account this factor, there are basics of formation of information competence of the teacher at rural schools.


In this work, we present a detailed Raman scattering study to clarify the origin of the mode at 379 cm−1 which is observed in Raman spectra of the ZnO films grown on c-sapphire substrates and generally attributed to the A1-transverse optical (A1-TO) mode of ZnO. The studied ZnO films were deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on c-sapphire and (0001) ZnO substrates. In the z(−,−)z backscattering configuration, the A1-TO mode is forbidden, while the 379 cm−1 peak is still observed in the as-deposited film grown on sapphire substrate. However, this mode is not observed in Raman spectra of the as deposited film grown on ZnO substrate. We suggest that the peak at 379 cm−1 is the E1g mode of the sapphire substrate which is allowed in z(−,−)z backscattering configuration. The effects of annealing, the substrate and the collection cross-section on Raman active modes were analyzed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As today's assortment of best stormwater treatment practices has expanded to include both Low Impact Design techniques and innovative proprietary systems, a great deal of attention has been focused on the topic of system performance and the development of performance evaluation tools. Often missing from the evaluation process, however , is the determination of system longevity and the establishment of required maintenance frequency. All stormwater treatment systems are subject to routine maintenance needs in order to function as designed. Maintenance, like performance, is a function of sitespecific variables and therefore must be included in the system design phase. This paper examines factors influencing system longevity, focusing on sediment loading. A design methodology is outlined which uses estimated sediment loading rates from various catchment types to predict system maintenance requirements along with system performance. Central to this methodology is the knowledge of system-specific load capacity, which must be established through laboratory and field research. This design tactic is appropriate for any system utilizing filtration and/or sedimentation as unit processes. The evaluation of maintenance as part of the design process benefits site owners, specifiers, and regulators by establishing the true cost of long-term site compliance at the project onset.


This work shows several ways to meet and relax the body through personal knowledge and techniques encounter with nature. Modern life and fast, the constant pressure from childhood to adulthood, in the modes of interaction between individuals and groups, they lead to construction of bodies that reflect emotional anatomy visible loss of balance, contractures, inflammation, multiple imbalances by lack of knowledge and awareness especially being in the world fully, the person has moved away from its ecological relationship with itself and the environment. Methods are shown to positively change a condition of constant stress and chronic discomfort, a learned condition of physical and psychological wellbeing, with a series of movements, recovering the body through exercise, to tend to personal balance, obtaining a positive relationship with the environment and the people attended. The proposal starts promoting new habits that can be saved in consciousness. Partly, mainly of breath, alignment with the music and the environment and personal and group work


Very‐high‐energy resolution measurements using x rays can be achieved by extreme backreflection (Bragg angle close to 90°) from perfect crystals. This technique, combined with the high intensity of x rays emitted by the HARWI wiggler at DORIS, DESY Hamburg, allowed the development of the instrument INELAX for inelastic scattering experiments. Recently, the high‐energy resolution of 9 meV could be achieved and the instrument proved to be an excellent tool to investigate collective excitations in condensed matter. Energy transfers from 10 meV to 5 eV and wavevectors over the whole reciprocal space are accessible.


Uncoordinated contraction of the external urethral sphincter is prevalent in individuals with spinal cord injury and can prevent bladder voiding. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that complete and reversible sinusoidal high frequency alternating current (HFAC) conduction block of the pudendal nerves (PN) can eliminate external urethral sphincter activation and produce low residual bladder voiding.


This paper aims to explore the factors influencing e-Governance in Pakistan and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by providing a snapshot of various e-Governance projects in Balochistan. This 'snapshot' includes both perceptions of e-Governance and the status of many varied initiatives. The paper is based on interviews, focus groups and surveys collected by the author to analyze the future of e-Governance projects at provincial and district level in Balochistan, Pakistan. During the fieldwork, 45 public officials were surveyed in order to learn about their perception of e-Governance projects. The surveys were also supplemented by interviews.
 The results suggest that government officials in Pakistan are willing to use ICT for their day to day work, but they find that use difficult due to a lack of IT skills, scarce resources and lack of capacity building.


The analysis of the histological characteristics of the urethra and the vagina in female mammals is useful in understanding the physiology and pathology of processes such as urinary continence, copulation and delivery. In this regard, the species most studied with respect to the histological organisation of the urethra and vagina, are the rat and the rabbit. For comparative purposes, it is necessary to study in greater detail the histological organisation of the urethra and vagina in dierent species. The information gathered could help understand the functional and behavioural diversity associated with these organs. This study gathers, compares and discusses the existing information on the histological characteristics of the urethra and vagina in some mammal females, with emphasis on those of the rabbit,


Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound healing process following liver injury. Although this process is necessary for maintaining liver integrity, severe excessive extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) could lead to permanent scar formation and destroy the liver structure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies show that most antifibrotic therapies focus on the apoptosis of HSCs and the prevention of HSC activation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a substantial role in HSC activation and are likely to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. This review summarizes and discusses the previously reported ncRNAs, including the microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, highlighting their regulatory roles and interactions in the signaling pathways that regulate HSC activation in hepatic fibrosis.


Dear Editor, Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are commonly used for contraception and for management of heavy bleeding. Although the risk of migration and perforation is minimal, uterine perforation can lead to serious complications [1] and requires immediate intervention [2]. The management of this complication requires expertise in laparoscopic surgery [3], and colorectal surgeons may need to be involved. In Video S1 we present the case of a 26yearold patient whose IUD had perforated the uterus then migrated to the pouch of Douglas. The device's position was identified by abdominal Xray, transvaginal ultrasound and a CT scan of the pelvis. The initial attempt to retrieve the migrated IUD by the gynaecology team with the help of a general surgeon was abandoned because of concerns of rectal perforation. The patient was subsequently referred to a colorectal surgeon with expertise in laparoscopic resections. Video S1 demonstrates a stepbystep approach to pelvic exposure, identification of the IUD that had migrated to the pouch of Douglas after perforation of the uterus, dissection and retrieval of the IUD, and dissection of adhesions between the sigmoid and uterus. The final step was the air leak test, which was performed to confirm no injuries. The procedure was completed as a day case. This video vignette can be used for teaching and training of colorectal surgeons and gynaecologists who may encounter such complications in their practice.


This research was conducted at Pabrik Gula Kwala Madu PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II in Desa Kwala Begumit, Kecamatan Stabat, Kabupaten Langkat. The purpose of this research is to know the development of production and productivity of cane and sugar, to know the added value from cane processing to sugar. The research method used is survey method, with the sample of this research is staff processing section and staff section of production, sample determination is done by purposive sampling. The first used analysis method is trend analysis to know the development of cane and sugar production, the second using hayami method for value-added analysis. The results of this study show that the development of caneand sugar  production and productivity at Pabrik Gula Kwala Madu PTPN II from 2007-2017 always fluctuated. The increase and decrease of production is not fixed every year. The result of value added analysis of sugarcane by using hayami method showed that the added value of cane to sugar obtained is positive because the value added ratio> 0% is equal to 75%.


LIFE2 is a PC-compatible computer code that analyzes the service lifetime of a WECS component. The LIFE2 code is written in Fortran and has the option of using either a fatigue analysis or a linear fracture mechanics analysis. This document contains information on what the code expects as input and what can be expected as output from the code. Also included are two example problems. 11 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.


Further to Aldo Picek's letter, 'NHS staff should feel privileged to have such a generous pension plan' (August 17), I would say we all have choices to make in life and these include where we work.


Abstract S3.3 Innate immune responses to pathogenic fungi, September 21, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM   Alveolar macrophages (AlvMφ) reside on the luminal surface of the airways serving as the primary phagocyte within the airways of the lungs where they act as immune sentinel cells sensing and responding to microbial and environmental exposures. In this role, AlvMφ must be able to respond in a manner that is appropriate to the threat posed which has been hypothesized to occur through sensing microbial vitality and/or patterns of pathogenesis. It is well-established that AlvMφ interact with phagocytose and respond to A. fumigatus, but their role in host resistance against A. fumigatus is currently controversial. Here I will discuss the role of AlvMφ play in orchestrating a robust and effective antifungal innate immune response to mediate A. fumigatus clearance. AlvMφ orchestrate the protective innate immune response against A. fumigatus by sensing live fungal conidia using the cytosolic RNA-sensing MDA5 receptor to initiate the host protective type I and type III interferon response in both mice and humans. The activation of MDA5/MAVS signaling appears to be mediated by both fungal dsRNA-dependent and fungal dsRNA-independent mechanisms. Thus, AlvMφ serve as a central hub for regulating and tuning the antifungal immune response within the respiratory tract.


The transition from Taylor vortex flow to wavy vortex flow in the Couette–Taylor problem, for finite annulus lengths, is studied. Using an accurate, fully resolved numerical code, infinite‐cylinder nonlinear axisymmetric Taylor vortices are computed and their stability with respect to nonaxisymmetric disturbances corresponding to wavy vortices is determined. The present method computes leading eigenmodes and eigenvalues for arbitrary axial Floquet exponents k and arbitrary azimuthal wave numbers m, so that the full complex dispersion relation ω=ω(k,m) is obtained. The linear coefficients appearing in the Ginzburg–Landau equation are calculated and compared to previous experimental results. It is found that for aspect ratios (length to gap width) less than 30, the Ginzburg–Landau predictions are not reliable; for these aspect ratios the transition is modeled as the superposition of two Floquet modes with k=±π/L, where L is the length of the annulus. This model is verified via a detailed numerical and exper...


Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of p38 MAP‐kinase (MAPK) pathway on CLC‐3 expression after interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) induction in primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).


This work proposes a statistics-based approach to the selection of the best-performing numerical methods for the detection and diagnosis of faults in the process industry. It is assumed that the performance of each method cannot be measured directly for each user-specified fault. It is shown how in those cases one can evaluate the expected performance of each method for fault detection and diagnosis by using the nonparametric statistical tests and kernel density estimation.


ABSTRACT We study the trade-off between "broad-based energy subsidy" and "subsidy reform and targeted transfer" in the developing country context. We analyze the incidence of an electricity tariff differential subsidy program in Pakistan and find that the greater share of subsidy benefit goes to relatively non-poor households. We then conduct a computable general equilibrium exercise of electricity subsidy reform and targeted transfer, and our results indicate that redistributing savings from electricity subsidy reform improves poor households' real income. However, this comes at the cost of short-term economic slowdown, before the economy returns to the benchmark level in the long term.


Observations by Novakov and Penner [1993] (hereinafter, NP) suggest that organic aerosol particles may make up a significant portion of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), comparable perhaps to the sulfate aerosol contribution to CCN. Because organic CCN would influence the albedo and radiative properties of clouds and play a role in climate change, it is important to identify the sources of these aerosols. In their research, Novakov and Penner showed that particles larger than 0.05 μm could act as CCN at supersaturation ratios of 0.5% water vapor. Here we use model simulations to investigate the origins of the nucleation mode aerosol (0.03 < d p < 0.1 μm) observed at a marine site in Puerto Rico by NP. NP measured the size segregated mass and composition of the atmospheric aerosol at this site and found that organic aerosol mass dominated the total mass in the nucleation mode. The presence of organics in this size range may be the result of nucleation of a gas phase organic and/or condensational growth. Therefore identifying sources of the gas phase precursors is important to determining the origins of the organic CCN. Back trajectory analysis (J. Merrill, private communication, 1994) shows that the air mass that Novakov and Penner studied was without continental contact for 8-12 days prior to being sampled. This implicates two possible sources for the gas phase organic: biogenic emissions from the Puerto Rican forest upwind of the mountain sampling site and emissions from the ocean surface. In this study both the forest and ocean source scenarios are explored. Using input parameters taken from the literature, it is shown that an assumed organic vapor flux for the forest scenario, very similar to the measured biogenic fluxes reported by Zimmerman et al. [1988], generated size distributions similar to the observed aerosol. In contrast, literature estimates for the n-alkane vapor flux from the ocean are not consistent with the observed size distribution at the mountain site.


Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, poses a major global health issue, including in Togo. Managing diabetes necessitates a comprehensive strategy encompassing lifestyle changes, medication compliance, and regular monitoring. To shed light on this matter, our study sought to evaluate the dietary habits and knowledge of diabetic patients in Togo, along with the obstacles they encounter in adhering to prescribed dietary guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending clinics in Togo. Demographic data, including age, gender, marital status, and educational level, were collected. Information on dietary habits, including meal frequency, food composition, and adherence to dietary restrictions, was obtained through structured questionnaires. Additionally, the patients' knowledge of diabetes and its management was assessed. Results: A total of 102 diabetic patients participated in the study, with a slight female predominance (54.96%). The mean age of the patients was 57 years, and the majority fell within the 51 to 60 age group. Most patients were married (79.4%) and had some level of education (82.4%). The duration of diabetes varied, with 65.7% of patients being diagnosed within the last 6 years. Regarding dietary habits, the majority of patients (70.2%) consumed meals from a common shared dish, while a smaller proportion (19%) had specially prepared meals due to their diabetes. Only a minority of patients (2%) measured their food portions before consumption. It was found that 76.5% of patients believed there were unrestricted foods they could consume without measurement, while 93% acknowledged the existence of strictly prohibited foods, such as sugary items. Conclusion: Successful diabetes management requires a balanced diet, exercise, and medication adherence. Our study revealed challenges in adhering to hygienic and dietary measures for many patients. Therapeutic education should be strengthened to address these challenges and improve diabetes care in Togo.


Single-chip Computer Application Technology is a comprehensive and basic course endowed with high practicability. So how to construct the course is very important to strengthen the content of courses and improve students' ability. According to the experiment of projecting Single-chip Computer Application Technology, in the respect of content , teaching method and practice teaching ,the author discusses how to expand students' thinking and improve the ability of practice.


While federal lawmakers decide the future of health care reform, physicians in several states say the anticipation of its arrival is already sparking significant change in their practices. For example, in Eugene, Ore., Robert Velarde, M.D., FAAP, lost approximately 150 patients last year when his local hospital9s managedcare plan did not include solo-practice practitioners in its provider network. In Brainerd, Minn., Mike Severson, M.D., FAAP, traded 15 years of private practice for a partnership in a larger, multispecialty group.


From field sampling and testing in the east Liao River on normal water period,we measure 6 Indicators including temperature,PH,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.The results show that the content of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen overweight by different level,that industrial point pollution and city sewage pollution have controlled,but it still exists in some areas,that agricultural pollution is the main pollutant source and shows increasing trend.Considering pollutant sources situation in East Liao River,artificial wetland technology is mentioned as pollution controlling solutions and feasibility analysis.


Harvester technologies represent the second most common logging system in Czech Republic. The high productivity of this technology is very necessary to cover its acquisition and operational cost. The aid of this study is the monitoring of the operation time and shift time of tracked harvester N e u s o n 8002. The chronometry was analysed during the felling works in premature forest stands. This paper is worked up for tree-volume of coniferous species from 0.05 to 0.35 m3/tree, which require for manufacturing total time from 65 to 128 sec. Total standards lie for intermediate (improvement, advanced) fellings within the interval 0.10 0.36 working h/m3. key words: tracked harvester, performance, work stages, harvester technology


requires more clarifications and a brief but clear description what has been done in a study it could be something along the lines: "Theoretical and numerical work has shown that under certain circumstances grounding lines of marine-type ice sheets can enter phases of irreversible advance and retreat – a process typically described as the marine ice sheet instability (MISI). Instances of such irreversible retreat have been found in several simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet under atmospheric and oceanic forcing that were meant to represent past or future climate conditions. However, it has not been assessed whether the currently observed ice-sheet geometry can maintain a steady state configuration, if the climate forcing similar to the present-day would remain constant, and whether such a steady state is stable. Here, we conduct a systematic numerical stability analy-1


Interleave-division multiple access (IDMA) is a multiple access scheme that has been considered in several recent proposals for the 5th generation cellular system. In this letter, basing on evolution analysis, we show that the performance of IDMA can be enhanced using the transfer function matching principle. Such matching can be realized by superposition coded modulation, power control, repetition coding, and zero padding. Zero padding together with cyclic shifting also leads to reduced implementation complexity. Our analysis is based on additive white Gaussian noise channels and we show by simulations that the matching techniques can also provide impressive performance in fading channels.


With the development of global navigation satellite system (GNSS),maritime search and rescue vessels can get their location exactly.So,it is possible to locate the shipwreck through a known reference point.The application of base station position technology to determine the ship in distress will greatly enhance the effectiveness of maritime search and rescue.After analyzing the maturation of the base station location algorithm,and testing its accuracy in the laboratory environment and under actual GSM network,the 1/N TA technology and the U-TDOA technology are selected for single vessel positioning and for multi-vessel portfolio positioning separately,which greatly improves the positioning accuracy of search and rescue.The application of cheap and popular mobile phone positioning provides a new consideration of location,which is a difficult problem in maritime search and rescue.


An experimental study dealing with testing noncircular glass-reinforced plastic pipes under compression was conducted. The testing program included four pipe shapes (box, flat elliptic, egg, and round) loaded under the same condition using the parallel-plate test method. Strain measurements and pipe deflections were recorded from which pipe shape factors and stiffness were estimated. The experimental results showed that circular and flat elliptical pipe shapes are, respectively, the stiffest and most flexible ones among all tested pipes. Moreover, the experimental results showed a good agreement with the simulated results of the same tested samples.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome frequency (according to current criteria) in women with recurrent miscarriages.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We examined 105 women diagnosed due to recurrent miscarriages. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with early recurrent miscarriages and with late recurrent miscarriages. The third group was the control group composed of 30 healthy women without poor obstetric history and having at least one child. All women were screened for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies: anticardiolipin antibodies, anti beta2-glycoprotein antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.

RESULTS
Antiphospholipid antibodies were found in 12.4% of women with recurrent pregnancy loss and in 13.3% of the controls. Among 87 patients in group I with early recurrent miscarriages the most common antibodies were: anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (9.2%), anticardiolipin antibodies (4.6%) and lupus anticoagulant (1.1%). Anti beta2-glycoprotein antibodies were the only antibodies found in 18 women in group II with recurrent late miscarriages. There were 13.3% aPL-positive cases in the control group. Among the studied population, there were only two patients (2.3%) fulfilling the criteria of APS.

CONCLUSIONS
1. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in low titers in women with pregnancy loss is unequivocal with antiphospholipid syndrome. 2. APL screening should be limited to a restricted group of women.


A novel high-voltage (HV) thick layer silicon-on-insulator (SOI) field p-channel lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (pLDMOS) with single trench isolation is developed for HV switching IC based on 11-μm-thick silicon layer and 1-μm-thick buried oxide layer. The thick gate oxide layer is formed by field oxide process to endure the high voltage between the source and gate electrodes. The deep trench is adopted to realize the compatibility between HV pLDMOS and LV CMOS. The device parameters T, Y for the HV SOI field pLDMOS are optimized to reduce the device size and satisfy the off-state breakdown voltage (BV). The HV SOI field pLDMOS with a BV over 200V is experimentally realized and successfully applied to a 96-bit output driver integrated circuit (IC).


althtough tui a lesser degree Whether this is a spe(ific react iott ((1 ttOttSl)e(ific St aittittg of mnicrohodies is utot (hear, but the abseutce of peroxidatic activity itt rat liver nuicru)h)odies ittclmbate(l imi a peroxidase rnediumiu nuittus luydmaugett i er xide (Fithinui. J. Hisloehein. ('yiochein. 16: 547. 1968) may he a mmsefiml ((uttrol for plant niicrobodies. Treatmnetit (if sect jul15 with amnitiotriazole completely elimuiitiated I )AB staiutitig itt muuicrohodies of both emldoslxrtiu (Fig. 5) total coleoptile (Fig. 6) cells. These fimiditigs clearly demnotistrate that piamit tmiicrobodies by virt tie of their peroxidat ic activity are itt the sante category as animal microbodies. The l)A13 staittimig of plant mnicrobo(lies, a coltsistetit observation itt repeated experimemits, sertously challeitges previous specmmlat intis that tnicrob(udi('s, tiot ably t hose itt coleopt ile cells (Crotishaw. Pro!oplasina 59: :318. 1965; 0 'Bnieti attd Thimiuattti. Prolopla.snua 63: 417. 1967) attd cells of I lie abscissiott layer (.Jettsett and Valdovimtos. Plan/a. 83: 303. 1968), nitty be fuittet iottally similar to lvsosomes iti amiimal cells. Furthermnore, the itthibit ion (if peroxidat ice activity folhuwittg treat mettt with amuiittotriazole, a specific itihibitor of (Itt tilttse (Margolia.sh attd Novogrodsky. Iiiochem .1. 68: 468. 1958), is moore cottsistettt with the pres(nc(' of oxiolat ive ettzvmes itt niicroh ot1ies thati hydtolases, as is trite of animal microbodies. The fact I hat the peroxidat LU act ivity is mnainlv iti the crystalloid poses the quiestioti of whether the crystal is a simtgle enzyme, a cotoplex of several ettzynies or itt ettzvmne plus 51 runt ural pr(uteiut. This qmmest iott catittol be attswered ott the basis of presetitly available imtfortnatiott. However, if I )A B st ai ii uig (If cryst alloids is coutisistettt for diflerettt cmvstalloids itt plattt muuietaubodies, theut (utte mntms( seriously c((ttsidem I hie possibility of vaniu(uts l)roteiti c(nnplexes. Sittce the crystalloid itt mnicrobodies (If mat itre coleopt ile cells almost completely fills t he orgamtelle wit hi very little toat rix moaterial remnaittittg (Frederick C! a!. Plan/a. 8!: 229. 1968) t lie possibility of a mutlt iettzvme (unnpiex a pears evemt niore at t rite! ive . Careful biochemical attalysis of isolate(1 cryst alloids is ttecessary, itt order to provide the fimtal attswer. The localizat mout (If cat alase wit hitt the crystal 1(0(1 of mierobodies iitdicates that (1) these are metabolically active o(rgattelles and is (2) itt ('OttI radistimict 1(111 tou attimal micr(Ih)u)(lies which have utricase imt the cryst alloid atid cat alase itt the sol itble matrix. By way (If exclusiott theut, the soluble matrix of plattt microbuldies may t urn out to he the site (If other oxidat ive enzymes. Crystalloid (Ievelopmetit itt plattt micn(Il)oI(lies iutvolves a gradutal reulrgattizat l(Itt (If matrix material autd increases iti size parallel growth (If the ourgatielle (lirumbaut :uid Rechcigl. In!. Her. ('yb!., sutppl. 1, 1. 1969). The biouchemical olr biophysical cotttlit OIttS required iur respomtsible four crystallizat bItt are, as vet, umnkttiuwut, bitt may be resolved itt part l)V a careful st udy of I )AB staittittg itt these organelles duiritig early stages of devel(Il)metlt. Moreover, histuichemical studies (If amittil acid I rautsamuuiitase ((It muiicrobunlies (Lee attd Toirack. .1. Cell Diol. 39: 716. 1968) mmiv alsoi shed light (Itt this problemui.


___________________-_-_-__-_--------_----_ Introduction. _________________---_-_-------___----General name for the Saline Range caprocks___________ Intrusive trachyandesite-____________________________ Field description and relations.___________________ Microscopic description ___________--____----_ Chemical data. _________--_-__--_-----------_ Comparison of pegmatitic core rocks with similar rocks of other areas._______________-----_----_ Other occurrences of intrusive trachyandesite ___ Page Dl 1 1 4 5 5 9 10 11 I age Trachyandesite caprocks of the Saline Range_________ Dll Field description and relations_________________ Microscopic description________________________ Chemical data________________________________ Age of the trachyandesite_________________________ Felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks _________________ Owens Valley volcanic rocks_________________________ Chemical characteristics of the Saline Range suite.____. Regional indications of an alkaline suite._____________. References cited.___________________________________ 11 14 15 15 17 18 20 27 28


Large-scale Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technology is currently one of the most promising wireless transmission technologies widely used in radar, communications, and navigation. As a core component of the MIMO communication system, the multi-channel RF transceiver front-end is crucial in the overall performance of the MIMO system, for its location of faults after system abnormality is urgent for system test assurance. However, with the increasing complexity and integration of the RF circuit, the testability of the transceiver front-end and the accessibility of its internal test points have dramatically decreased. Moreover, the traditional method of obtaining test parameters and locating faults by internal test points is no longer effective. Therefore, locating the internal faults directly through the external test port of the module has become a challenging problem for RF transceiver front-end tests and diagnosis. To solve the problem, this study proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis method combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and interleaved group convolution deep neural network (IGCDNN), which can quickly and precisely locate module faults by sampling directly at the output. This method adaptively decomposes the RF channel output response into sub-signals with independent center frequencies by VMD. These sub-signals obviously show sparsity in the frequency domain. By signal mirror extension, the decomposition effectively avoids the modal confusion and endpoint effect while achieving the accurate extraction and dimensionality reduction of the fault features. According to the decomposition, we build an intelligent fault diagnosis based on IGCDNN to realize fault location. Compared to the conventional convolutional neural network, the IGCDNN has a multi-channel parallel convolutional structure, leading to fewer parameters and lower computational complexity, significantly improving fault diagnosis efficiency. We have also conducted experiments on the single-channel RF transceiver front-end simulation circuit. The results show that this method's diagnosis accuracy and channel diagnosis time are superior to the existing diagnostic methods only using the external test port of the module, and without increasing the internal test point, the faults in the RF transceiver front-end module can be identified and located accurately and quickly.


Purpose. Identify the main landscape structures of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system.

Methods. Historical analysis, cartographical method of spatial analysis, forecasting method.

Results. In this regard, the analysis of scientific works has been carried out and the landscape factors that cause the emergence of mining landscapes in Kryvyi Rih landscape and technical system have been considered. Mining landscapes were formed as a result of the interaction of technology and nature. Landscape processes and phenomena play a leading role in the formation and development of mining landscapes. Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system underwent significant changes during the 1880s – 2019s. The biggest changes occurred as a result of iron ore mining and storage of industrial waste. In particular, the northern steppe landscapes, the Saksagan and Ingulets riverbeds were completely destroyed along the iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih structure. The structure of mining landscapes has been analyzed, their classification has been developed and the detailed characteristic of each of types of mining landscapes has been given. A map has been developed that reflects the territorial organization of the main landscape complexes of the mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system.

Conclusions. The mining landscapes were formed and are developing, which today are leading in the landscape structure of Kryvbas. Emphasis has been placed on the mining and dumping type of mining landscapes. Recommendations for optimization of landscape structures of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system have been substantiated.


Air-cooling unit is the best choice for the power industries in regions which are rich in coal and poor in water, this unit has been developing rapidly in recent years both at home and abroad. As a key equipment of Hailler indirect air-cooling system, the performance of jet-type condenser is directly related to the performance of the whole air-cooling unit. The research status of jet-type condenser both at home and abroad is introduced, and the main factors influencing the heat transfer performance of jet-type condenser are analyzed.


In present condition of Indian economy, it is a need for investments and with other hand we need tosafeguard our environment. It is the responsibility for any individual investor and for the business totake an initiative to safeguard our environment. As a citizen of India every Individual duty is topreserve natural environment and defend the country and render national services when called uponas per article 51A, Part IV A of Indian Constitution which was borrowed from USSR under 42ndAmendment 1976, recommended by Swaran Singh Committee. But investors and business peoplewill always have a mindset to get maximum profit for any investments. Therefore, this paper wouldhelp to benefit for both investor and businessto invest on farmlands by planting trees, which isgoing to be one of the biggest climate stories in the next 20 years. This paper also gives an idea ofinvestments on farmlands companies special situated in Bangalore, Karnataka.


In order to derive high‐precision static Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)‐only gravity field solutions, the following strategies were implemented in this study: (1) a refined accelerometer calibration model that treats monthly accelerometer scales as a third‐order polynomial and daily accelerometer biases as a fifth‐order polynomial was developed to calibrate accelerometer measurements; (2) the errors of the acceleration and attitude data were estimated together with the geopotential coefficients and accelerometer parameters on the basis of the weighted least squares adjustments; (3) a nearly complete observation series of GRACE mission was used to decrease the condition number of normal equation; and (4) the GRACE data collected in lower orbit altitude were also included to decrease the condition number. Our results show that (1) the refined accelerometer calibration model with much less parameters performs as well as previous methods (i.e., solving daily scales and hourly biases or estimating biases along with bias rates every 2 hr). However, it provides a system of more stable normal equation and less high‐frequency noise in gravity field solutions; (2) high‐frequency noise in the gravity field solution is reduced by modeling the errors of the acceleration and attitude data; (3) the geopotential coefficients at all degrees is greatly enhanced by using longer GRACE time series (especially the data by the end of 2010); and (4) due to lower orbit altitude, the GRACE data collected since 2014 lead to a significant improvement of the gravity field solution as the satellites are more sensitive to higher‐frequency signal. Using the refined strategies, an unconstrained static solution (named Tongji‐Grace02s) up to degree and order 180 was derived. For further suppressing the high‐frequency noise, a regularization strategy based on the Kaula rule is applied to the degrees and orders beyond 80, leading to a regularized model Tongji‐Grace02k. To validate the quality of the derived models, both Tongji‐Grace02s and Tongji‐Grace02k were compared to the latest GRACE‐only models (i.e., GGM05S, ITU_GRACE16, ITSG‐Grace2014s, and ITSG‐Grace2014k) and validated using independent data (i.e., Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/Leveling data and DTU13 oceanic gravity data). Compared to other models, much less spatial noise in terms of global gravity anomalies with respect to the state‐of‐the‐art model EIGEN6C4 and far higher accuracy at high degrees are achieved by Tongji‐Grace02s. The same conclusions can be drawn for Tongji‐Grace02k when the same analyses were applied to the regularized solutions ITSG‐Grace2014k and Tongji‐Grace02k. Validations with independent data confirm that Tongji‐Grace02s has the least noise among the unconstrained GRACE‐only models and Tongji‐Grace02k is the one with the best accuracy among the regularized GRACE‐only solutions. For the tests up to degree and order 180 using GNSS/Leveling data, the improvements of Tongji‐Grace02s with respect to ITSG‐Grace2014s reach 13% over Canada and 23% in Mexico. Even better, no less than 58% of improvement is achieved by both Tongji‐Grace02s relative to ITSG‐Grace2014s and Tongji‐Grace02k with respect to ITSG‐Grace2014k in the validation based on DTU13 data.


To do any research work on history commenting poems, the first step is defining it relatively definite. However, the academe still has quiet a strong debate over the relationships between history commenting poems, history memorizing poems and faith lyrics. A number of scholars consider that the two creating motivations, historical fact and historical remains, are the important mark to differentiate history commenting poems and history memorizing ones. In fact, the history memorizing poems have their own characteristics. But it's still one of the types of history commenting poems. Although faith lyrics have some crossing field with history commenting poems, they have more differences than similarities as two different poetry categories. History commenting poems are the ones that are created to show poets' feelings who were stimulated with the history information. Historical facts are such poems' material.


LoRa technology is widely used to build wireless networks in various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As the increased popularity of IoT, LoRa also gains tremendous attention in recent years. In most of the LoRa networks, the Aloha protocol is employed to send packets which may easily lead to collisions. Thanks to the orthogonality of spreading factor (SF) in modulate technique, a potential solution is obtained for this collision issue in the LoRa network. In this study, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based method called LR-RL is proposed to assign SF properly to alleviate collisions. The idea of LR-RL is mainly derived from the mathematical model of SF-channel traffic equilibrium, which indicates that SF with higher data rate must undertake more packet loads. Based on the system model, several similar methods, such as LR-opt-pro, LR-greedy, and LR-RL, are put forward successively. The LR-RL algorithm owns the best performance in terms of packet collision rate (PCR). In addition, we carry out simulations to evaluate the performance of LR-RL in both one-hop and LoRa-Mesh networks. Results show that LR-RL has lower PCR than other SF allocation methods. Moreover, practical experiments are also conducted to verify the performance. All the experiments exhibit that LR-RL is a desirable method to reduce packet collisions in the LoRa network.


Interstellar precursor missions have been the subject of recent investigations. Current proposals include a thousand and a ten thousand astronomical unit mission, both to be completed in fifty years. These interstellar precursor missions provide a means to develop payload, communication, guidance and propulsion systems that could ultimately send payloads to the stars. The one thousand astronomical unit mission could be completed by improvements in nuclear electric systems, but the ten thousand astronomical unit mission is considerably more difficult. Antiproton triggered fusion propulsion systems provide a means to develop fusion propulsion in the near term. These systems rely on antiprotons to fission a subcritical mass of uranium or plutonium. The energy released in the fission reaction is then used to trigger fusion in a pellet. A 1000 astronomical unit mission can be completed in 50 years with a mass ratio of 1.06, while for a 10,000 astronomical unit mission the ratio is 1.87. A flyby of the nearest ...


The volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Exell., (African nutmeg), Myristicaceae, have been investigated by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the bark oil are α-bergamotene (25.1%), terpinen-4-ol (16.6%), α-terpineol (15.6%) and trans-β-bergamotene (12.9%). Only two compounds, spathulenol (82.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.0%), could be identified in the leaf oil. In addition, the volatile oils displayed promising antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal species.


This paper introduced the design and implementation of Network Storage System in Hefei Surveying and Mapping institute,which provides beneficial reference for related urban exploration and survey industries in researching massive geographic information network storage.


Various socio-economic incidences have placed a strain on the abilities of global organization to effectively implement a corporate convergence, the challenge that continues to have impact on the cross-border business transactions. Couple with the Enron, World-Com, Pamlat, Nortel Networks and many other financial scandals that plagued multinationals, each nation has kept mum on the convergence of corporate governance systems rather, they have implemented a divergent approach that encourages individualism over collectivism. The actions of the European Union through the International Financial Corporation has focused on establishing directives to enhance transparency, for greater shareholder engagement and to support company growth and competitiveness. Other programs and institutions were launched to further support effective corporate governance across European union countries.

Organization of Economic and Community Development (OECD), Basel Committee for Banking (BCBS), EU developments, Investor developments, Accounting, Audit, and Ethics Standards developments are some of the recent developments across Europe. In America, programs like Sarbanes Oxley (SOX), Dodd Franklin were important legislation aimed at curbing financial misappropriation and lack of transparency in publicly traded companies. In Ontario Canada, Bill 198 was implemented to protect investors against fraud.

For the purpose of this project, emphasis will be laid on the convergence of the corporate governance. Can it be achieved, and under what circumstances can there be a global convergence of corporate governance. What are the constraints, and the possible solutions? The pace at which the globalization is connecting the world together on a common market place called cyberspace, the need to have a convergent corporate governance that will outlaw divergent, and or, the peculiarities of divergence over convergence. Can the two work together, yet able to address the concerns of differences in legal, cultural, ownership, actors and other structural differences. In the end, recommendations will be proposed on the best strategy to unite the global organizations around common corporate governance systems.


Theresults ofover400tests foridentification ofclinical yeast isolates asto species using theUni-Yeast-Tek (UYT)systemincomparison witha more conventional system arereported. Theconventional system utilized atotal of23 individual tests, including bothfermentation andassimilation tests, whereas the UYT system included only11separate tests. Intheinitial phaseofthestudy, codedunknownisolates wereevaluated byeachoftwotechnologists using both methods independently. After this initial evaluation, thetwomethods wereused inparallel forroutine testing ofyeast isolates astheywereobtained fromclinical specimens. Afurther evaluation oftheUYT system wascarried outbyretrospectively analyzing thespecies reported fromaclinical mycology laboratory during twoseparate timeperiods inwhichdifferent approaches toyeast identification wereemployed. A total of92%oftheisolates tested withtheUYT system were correctly reported within 72h,96%werecorrectly namedafter 1 weekof incubation, and97%werecorrectly reported after 2weeksofincubation ofUYT plates at300Cwhenresults ofthetwophases ofthestudy wereanalyzed together. Withtheconventional system, 88%oftheisolates werecorrectly reported at72 h,96%at1week, and98%after 2weeksofincubation ofbiochemical tests. Retrospective analysis oflaboratory records revealed nomajor changes inspecies reported after adoption oftheUYT system forroutine testing ofclinical isolates. Thedatapresented inthis report suggest thattheUYT system canbeexpected toyield rapid presumptive identification ofclinical yeast isolates withreasonable confidence whencertain minorlimitations that arediscussed inthetextaretaken into account. Theincreasing numberofserious andoften fatal yeast infections currently being observed in immunosuppressed patients hasencouraged the development ofmorerapid yeast identification methods. Identification ofyeasts isolated from clinical materials astospecies increases ourunderstanding ofthepathogenic potential ofvarious yeast species incompromised hosts, aids in theinterpretation ofserological tests, assists withtheselection ofnewerantifungal drugs such as5-fluorocytosine fortreatment ofyeast infections, andallows a definitive diagnosis tobe madeinpatients suffering fromyeast infections. Isolation ofthesameyeast species frommultiple specimens fromapatient suggests atleast extensive colonization ofthepatient withthespecies inquestion andshould notberegarded lightly. Manyclinical laboratory workers arereluctanttoattempt extensive characterization of yeast species because traditional yeast identification techniques (17, 19)areregarded asbeing toocomplex andtootime-consuming tobepractical. Inaddition, thelackofcommercial availability ofsomeofthemedianeeded forcarrying


Abstract This article argues that it is possible to capture the nuances of traumatic experiences through the medium of poetry, rather than through fiction alone. Because of its ability to be elliptic, its reliance on symbolism and especially syntactic interruptions, poetry can be an effective medium by which trauma is examined, especially in the postcolonial context. Studies have indicated that poetry is effective when used as therapy, that is when victims of traumatic experiences are encouraged to write the trauma out of themselves. Journals such as Traumatology and Journal of poetry therapy attest to the fact that poetry is a credible medium and can be effective as an aid to healing. The article explores the poetry of Ingrid de Kok, Alicia Partnoy and Mongane Wally Serote, who reflect on and write haunting poems showing the multifaceted perspectives on traumatic experiences in South Africa and Argentina. Trauma studies, an area of cultural investigation that came to prominence in the early to mid-1990s, prides itself on its explicit commitment to ethics and can with justification be regarded as the reinvention in an ethical guise of the much-maligned textualism (Craps and Buelen 2008). It is to this end that the article, using the prism of trauma, undertakes a close reading of the poets' impassioned poetry and concludes that trauma, when examined through poetry, is as ethical as literature hopes to be.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the copyright issue under Open Access environment. A survey has been carried out to investigate resea rchers' awareness and recognitions about such issues. For this, bioinformatics resear chers were selected and surveyed. Descriptive statistics method is employed for analysi s of collected data. The findings of this study summarized as follow. (1) Although the researchers regarded the Open Access a positive initiative, the perceptions about open a ccess were very low. (2) The researchers demanded possession of copyright depending on t ype of research informa- tion. (3) Many agencies did not required the transfer of copyri ght to the researcher. Thus, there is a possibility of dispute regarding copyright issues between researchers and agencies. (4) The researchers are willing to participate in ope n access activity on the assumption that their study is used in legitimate objective. On the basis of these findings, suggestions are added in as an impetus to lower the b arrier against a copyright and higher the approach to information seekers and information providers.


Together with the shift of trade towards digitalisation, the consumers are led to produce a large amount of digital traces (ie: big data) which are the signs of their consumption practices. These big data occure to be an important source of information that can potentially improve the performance of merchants' predictions about consumers behaviors. These digital traces must allow the merchants to better understand and guide the customers' activities. Thus, are the big data not acting as a force of control and prescription? To answer this question, we propose to explore how big data organizing practices of actors are involved in market exchange. The objective of this article is less to demystify power handling often attributed to these data than to update their power documentation.


FOOD legumes are a valuable source of feed for livestock. The whole seed of most legumes is a rich source of energy and amino acids. For the oilseed legumes, peanuts and soybeans, the meal is a by product of oil extraction and is used as a protein concentrate. There is also considerable potential to use the residues left after harvesting the seeds as sourees of fodder for livestock. In this paper, the relative advantages and limitations of the different components of legumes, in the feeding of livestock, are discussed.


To date, some $6 billion have been spent since the mid-1980's to determine whether Yucca Mountain, 95 miles north of Las Vegas, Nevada, in the United States, is a suitable location for a repository for spent nuclear fuel. In that same period, probably as many words will have been written arguing for and against the site. This book is an attempt to examine the case for Yucca Mountain by means of contributions from more than 30 international experts on the various aspects of radioactive waste disposal science and technology, with special reference to geological issues. Probably the most common word used throughout, from the title to the end piece, is 'uncertainty'. Everyone working in the field, and the authors here are no exception, acknowledges that uncertainty exists regarding all aspects of deep geological disposal, because of the incredibly long timescales involved and the complex interactions of the repository system. This means that it is necessary to predict longterm performance of all the constituent parts of the so-called 'multi-barrier', from the waste form itself, through the container, the engineered structures of the repository, to the surrounding geology or geosphere, and beyond these into the surrounding biosphere. As already pointed out, the impressive list of contributors to this volume represents many of the world's experts in their field, many of whom have undertaken work associated with the proposed repository, or similar facilities elsewhere, and is a testament to the willingness of the scientific community to expose its inner thoughts regarding the reliability of its predictions in this most controversial of areas. Although focussed primarily on Yucca Mountain, many of the data presented are directly applicable to any repository site in the world, and as such provide a comprehensive overview of the current 'state of the art'. The book begins with a comprehensive overview of the current situation at Yucca Mountain by the two editors, which sets the context for the following chapters. After an introduction to the background as to why Yucca Mountain was selected as sole candidate site (a complex political process in itself), discussion follows on the ability of performance assessments to enable decisions regarding safety to be made by regulators and politicians. These initial chapters focus primarily on the United Journal of Risk Research Vol. 10, No. 1, 125–127, January 2007


Electrocardiogram (ECG) segmentation is necessary to help reduce the time consuming task of manually annotating ECG's. Several algorithms have been developed to segment the ECG automatically. We first review several of such methods, and then present a new single lead segmentation method based on Adaptive piecewise constant approximation (APCA) and Piecewise derivative dynamic time warping (PDDTW). The results are tested on the QT database. We compared our results to Laguna's two lead method. Our proposed approach has a comparable mean error, but yields a slightly higher standard deviation than Laguna's method.


This special issue of South European Society and Politics deals with the structure of Spanish politics: how citizens and parties locate themselves in political space, and how these actors make decisions based on their positions in the various dimensions this space consists of. What are the dimensions of Spanish politics? As in other developed countries, the left–right divide is crucial; some of the articles in this special issue show that ideology is more important regarding moral issues (e.g. the role of the Church, sexual rights and so on), and less so on the question of redistribution, on which there is a substantial overlap between the right and the left. In Spain, apart from the left– right axis, there is also a crucial centre–periphery axis of political competition. Following the transition to democracy, the administrative structure of the Spanish state recognised Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia as historical nations and granted them higher levels of regional autonomy. In this (ongoing) process of decentralisation, peripheral nationalism has acquired a key political role, especially in the first two of the above-mentioned regions. Several articles in this special issue deal with the complexities and nuances that stem from the existence of this second dimension. The territorial issue has consequences for redistributive preferences and more generally for the positions that citizens and parties adopt on various other issues. One interesting question that follows concerns the kind of voting rule citizens follow in this complex setting. Is it only a matter of ideological proximity between voters and parties or do voters take into account other considerations? How do parties respond to the preferences and voting rules of citizens? These questions fall under the application of the spatial theory of politics, that is, the representation of political competition in a oneor multi-dimensional space in which the preferences of political actors and electorates are located. It is surprising that a systematic analysis of Spanish politics from the spatial point of view is still missing in the otherwise large and rich literature of Spanish electoral behaviour. Although there are some exceptions (Fernández-Albertos 2002; Molas & Bartomeus 2001; SánchezCuenca 2008), an all-encompassing study connecting voters' preferences and perceptions about parties' stances on a variety of political issues has been absent. All the authors in this issue employ the spatial theory of politics. The overall aim is to


Improving structure of soils found at 0–5 cm depth, and increasing the thickness of biological soil crusts are both associated with sand dune revegetation‐stabilization in arid northwestern China. Since 1956, research on sand dune stabilization has included the use of straw chequer‐boards to facilitate development of soil structure. One method to gauge the degree of stabilization is to compare undisturbed soil hydraulic properties, including water retention [h(θ)] and hydraulic conductivity [K(h)] functions, with properties from stabilized sites of different ages. This study examined properties at five experimental sites of different ages since revegetation (51, 42, 34, 20 and 0 years). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was determined in‐situ from all five sites, and the h(θ) curve was determined from samples collected from three sites. A significant negative correlation existed between Ks and the clay, silt and organic matter contents. Differences in most van Genuchten parameters for h(θ) were observed between the revegetated plots and the migrating sand dune area. Results of this long‐term study show that changes in soil hydraulic properties and improvement in soil structure were associated with migrating dune stabilization.


The imaging semiconductor pixel detector Timepix allows the charge collected in each of its 256×256 pixels (55 μm pitch) to be measured. This feature makes it suitable for applications where the energy and position of incoming radiation needs to be determined We are developing a fast neutron spectroscopy and radiography technique that is based on tracking protons recoiled by fast neutrons. The proposed setup consists of a hydrogen rich converter placed above the Timepix detector surface, which is irradiated by fast neutrons. The protons recoiled by neutrons interacting in the converter hit the detector and generate a track. Analysis of the tracks give the energies, positions and directions of flight of the protons. This information was used to reconstruct energy of the incoming neutrons. The neutron source position can be calculated as well. The converter can be replaced by an unknown hydrogen rich sample. In this case, the protons recoiled in the sample can be used for 3D reconstruction of the unknown sample. A Monte-Carlo simulation of the fast neutron detection process was prepared. The code was based on combination of the ROOT and SRIM/TRIM packages. The proton recoil and transport through the geometry was simulated and the energy deposited in the detector for each event was calculated. The results of the simulations compared with experiment are presented along with details of the neutron source spectrum/position and object 3D reconstruction.


Disability is perceived as 'a result of sin' (Bowers, 2004) or as 'must be healed' (Moller, 2012) in several countries. Given that the cause of disability often is sought within the family or in God (Treloar, 1999), it could be very well that attitudes about disability are related and attributed to religious belief systems. Since many people with disabilities encounter barriers and inequalities in society (WHO, 2011), the level of participation of persons with disabilities in society could be related to religious belief systems. Twenty persons with physical disabilities in the Kumasi Metropolis have been interviewed about their experiences with regard to physical disability, society, family, childhood and the Christian belief system. This study aimed to address the following research question: 'how is the participation of persons with physical disabilities in society (Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana) related to the Christian belief system?' It is found that negative and superstitious attitudes about disability are evident in society. Related to these attitudes, people with physical disabilities encounter barriers and inequalities in society. The Christian participants feel empowered by the Christian belief system and regard their disability as the decision of God. Based on these findings, recommendations are defined for community-based rehabilitation programs to optimize the inclusion of persons with disabilities in society.


Soil moisture is critical component of crop health and monitoring it can enable further actions for increasing yield or preventing catastrophic die off. As climate change increases the likelihood of extreme weather events and reduces the predictability of weather, and non-optimal soil moistures for crops may become more likely. In this work, we a series of LSTM architectures to analyze measurements of soil moisture and vegetation indiced derived from satellite imagery. The system learns to predict the future values of these measurements. These spatially sparse values and indices are used as input features to an interpolation method that infer spatially dense moisture map for a future time point. This has the potential to provide advance warning for soil moistures that may be inhospitable to crops across an area with limited monitoring capacity.


In honour of the two hundredth birthday of naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) we present a transcription and analysis of the plan for Wallace's unrealized final book. Recently come to light, Darwin and Wallace was to have been a volume of eight chapters published by the well-known London publishing house of John Murray in the spring of 1915, a project derailed by Wallace's death at the age of 90 in November 1913. Drawing on letters, manuscripts and contemporary published works, we show how the chapter outlines illuminate Wallace's late-life thinking about his and Darwin's working methods, the factors contributing to their independent discovery of natural selection and contemporary challenges to Darwin–Wallace evolutionary gradualism and natural selection by the neo-Lamarckian, mutationist and early Mendelian schools during the period dubbed the 'eclipse of Darwinism'. Wallace's planned book provides insight into how the co-founder of modern evolutionary biology saw his legacy in relation to Darwin's, and his role as fierce and eloquent defender of his and Darwin's theory during a fascinating period in the history of evolutionary biology. In the emergence of neo-Darwinism in the 'Modern Synthesis' period, Wallace's contributions were largely omitted, an oversight that Darwin and Wallace may have prevented had it been realized.


At a low temperature(≤9 ℃),comparison experiments of 12 original strains of degrading organic pollutants were made in the laboratory. Three strains which can degrade BHC effectively were screened out,moreover,the optimal degradation conditions of the three strains were got though the orthogonal experiments.Furthermore,under the same degradation conditions(pH=6.5,0.8 g/L NH4Cl,0.6 g/L KH2PO4),degradation experiments were carried out by mixing the three strains,which were domesticated,in C23 and C33 ways,and the result shows that the C33 mixed strains had higher degradation rate of BHC than each of the three strains and the C23 mixed strains.The highest degradation rate was got when the incubation amounts of 1st stain,2nd stain and 3rd were at the ratio of 1 ∶5 ∶3,which was 63.27%.


In times of turbulence organizations from all domains are subject to different factors they cannot manage nor influence. Thus, the decision-making process has become more complicated than in the past. This is why the development of managerial skills by using the business simulator represents a priority both for companies and universities. The simulator defines business contexts like real ones by creating companies who act in a virtual competitive market. These companies are represented by managerial teams that adopt strategic decisions in order to achieve business success. The paper aims to present the role of the business simulator in creating a strong connection between the academic and the business environment and to emphasize the benefits it brings to both parties. The methodology is based on the use of a case study. The results of the paper show the importance of the business simulator to develop specific managerial skills in the academic environment.


Additive manufacturing (AM) technology holds several opportunities for production companies and supply chains delivering physical goods to their customers. Instead of discussing the technical details of this engineering challenge, this working paper focuses on the business potentials of the technology by briefly describing AM, and reviewing the relevant literature dealing with AM and supply chain management at the same time.


Splitter sets are closely related to lattice tilings, and have applications in flash memories and conflict-avoiding codes. The study of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-radius sequences was motivated by some problems occurring in large data transfer. It is observed that the existence of splitter sets yields <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-radius sequences of short length. In this paper, we obtain several new results contributing to splitter sets and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-radius sequences. We give some new constructions of perfect splitter sets, as well as some nonexistence results on them. As a byproduct, we obtain some new results on optimal conflict-avoiding codes. Furthermore, we provide several explicit constructions of short <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-radius sequences for certain values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, by establishing the existence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-additive sequences. In particular, we show that for any fixed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, there exist infinitely many values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{k}(n) =\frac {n^{2}}{2k}+O(n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{k} (n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the shortest length of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ary <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-radius sequence. This result partially affirms a conjecture posed by Bondy, Lonc, and Rzążewski.


To determine the nitrogen mineralization in Yunnan tobacco major growing soil types,the different soil depths of purple soil,paddy soil and red soil were collected,the samples were incubated under aerobic condition at 20 ℃ and 30 ℃.The results showed that at the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depths,purple soil had a greater nitrogen mineralization value than the other two soil types,the red soil had the less value;On the contrary,at the 60~80 cm and 80~100 cm soil depths,the paddy soil had a greater nitrogen mineralization value while the purple soil had the less value.For the different soil depths,the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and value were as follows:0~20 cm20~40 cm40~60 cm60~80 cm,80~100 cm.Whatever the situation,the mineralization nitrogen value decreased with the increasing incubation days.The soil nitrogen mineralization rate and value incubated at 30 ℃ was higher than at 20 ℃.


A technique called Echelon-Free Induced Spatial Incoherence, is proposed for producing smooth, controllable target beam profiles with large KrF fusion lasers. The idea is basically an image projection technique that projects the desired time-averaged spatial profile F(x) onto the target via the laser system, using partially-coherent broadband light. The information needed to reproduce F(x) is transported through the system by a multitude of independent coherence zones, whose diameters are small in comparison to scale lengths of linear aberration and gain nonuniformities; as a result, F(x) remains relatively insensitive to these effects. This concept is closely related to the Induced Spatial Incoherence (ISI) technique used with glass lasers, except that it does not require echelons at the output of the system. An analysis is carried out to evaluate the perturbations of F(x) due to linear aberration, self-focusing, gain saturation, and diffraction. It shows that under conditions applicable to large KrF lasers, the perturbations will result in a small broadening and smoothing of F(x), whose functional form should be controllable to within a few percent. The ability of this technique to generate smooth focal profiles is demonstrated using a small KrF discharge oscillator-preamplifier system.


Water is a basic need that must be met by all living things on earth, the sustainability of drinking water services is a concern that must be resolved properly. Improving service development requires collaboration between the village government and the role of institutions in an effort to improve the standard of living of the community, especially in the field of clean water. This study used a descriptive qualitative method in which research was produced by describing written and oral sentences from sources using in-depth interviews. The results of this study are the role of the village government in assistance and supervision which is quite good, where the Sangketan village government includes drinking water into the BUMDesa unit so that it can easily carry out supervision and guidance. Supervision is carried out by reporting all management activities that are administrative and technical in nature. The guidance is carried out by bringing in people who have competence to be able to improve the competence of managing human resources. The guidance that is carried out is adjusted to the problems faced by managers in the field both in terms of management facilities and infrastructure up to the annual report which will later be carried out at village meetings by inviting village administration and community users.


The Movable lunar landing leg is a novel multi - closed parallel mechanism with sub-closed loop. Moreover, there are multiple passive and active joint variables in the mobile lunar landing legged mechanism (MLLLM), Due to the complex dynamic relationship between the passive joint variables and the active joint variables, it is difficult to derive the dynamic modeling of parallel mechanisms by the non-redundant parallel mechanism using the traditional Lagrangian formulation method. In order to solve this problem, the utilization of the virtual work principle makes the application of the Lagrangian formulation for parallel mechanisms possible and efficient. The MLLLM is divided into several serial open-loop sub-chains. Explicit dynamic equations of each sub-chain can be derived by using the Lagrangian formalism straightforwardly with respect to their own local generalized coordinates. Secondly, when transforming between different generalized coordinates, the dynamic equation is transformed into different coordinate subsystems by using the principle of virtual work, and the Jacobian matrix and Hessen matrix are introduced as constraints to ensure the explicit form of the dynamic equation, by combining the differential dynamics equations of each subsystem with the virtual work principle, the explicit dynamics model of the MLLLM under the active generalized coordinates is obtained. Finally, the position error of the end-effector caused by the active and passive joints of the parallel mechanism was evaluated. Compared with the previous methods, the inverse dynamic analysis formula presented in this paper is more concise, the calculation efficiency is higher, and the position error evaluation method is more accurate than the traditional method.


Rather sooner than later in your career as clinical or basic stroke researcher, gaining funding will become an essential part of your work. An observational study reported that it took researchers 38 days on average to prepare a new proposal, adding up to an estimated 550 working years for 3727 proposals for a single call of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council in 2012.1 Considering that only a minority of grant proposals is successful, this may appear as a waste of time at first sight. However, it is time well spent, especially for younger physician-scientists at an early career stage. Why is getting grants so important? Essentially, because universities and research institutions often fund only part of salaries and infrastructure, so without additional funding most research projects would never have been conducted. Moreover, grants are important to a young researcher's career because they help to develop a reputation for excellence and over time, grants let you built up a research team of your own. Although there is no easy way or one rule to fit all to write a successful application, there are some steps one can take to make the process less nerve-wracking. The aim of this article is to summarize the strategies that can help to improve chances of being funded.

Even if it is not on your mind at the time, when you begin to work on a research project, try to think about how it was funded because that is what you will have to do on your own soon. As a resident or PhD student, ask to see proposals of studies, which are ongoing in your division. You may assist with writing a renewal for an ongoing grant. Talk to other junior members of the research team and find out about their …


A one-pot multicomponent reaction has been used to synthesize the title compound, ethyl 4-[5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-yl]-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate by PTSA catalyzed Biginelli reaction. The chemical structure of the product was confirmed by spectroscopic evidence, FTIR, HRESI-MS, 1D-, and 2D NMR.


A technique is described to detect tumor cells with certain chromosome aberrations within cryostat sections and to characterize these individual cells by immunophenotyping. This new method is called fluorescence-immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for investigation of neoplasms (FICTION).


Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples based on fertilizer (AN-F) and ammonium nitrate porous prill (AN-PP) were studied. Tests were carried out using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) of ammonium nitrate(V) (AN) concerning either their surface or cross-section was performed. Based on the SEM results, it was shown that the surface of AN-F grains was flat and slightly deformed, while the AN-PP surface was wrinkled and deformed. Furthermore, the various steps of thermogravimetric process exhibited continuous AN phase transition according to precise temperatures. From TGA analysis, a significant mass loss was found as a result of ANFO decomposition. Direct comparison of SEM and TGA/DCS data led to the conclusion that ANFO based on AN-F was characterized by lower absorption of FO in contrast to AN-PP.


Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of five medicinal plants have been screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity in albino rats. Methanol extract of Aegle marmelosand ethyl acetate extract Atalantla monophylla showed significant antiinflammatory activity at a dose of 100 mg/kg.


DFP32 or Cr51 red cell survival studies were performed in 39 patients with hematologic disorders. In each case the erythrocyte life span was also determined using the C14-labeled glycine technic.

Good agreement was found between the survival data obtained by the DFP32 and the glycine method. The red cell Cr51 T½ failed to reflect moderate shortening of red cell survival in a significant number of cases when a 25 day half-time was taken as the lower limit of normal. The occasional discrepancy between the erythrocyte life spans obtained with labeled glycine and the Cr51 halftime is probably the result of the limitations of the prevalent method of Cr51 data analysis and of the wide range of Cr51 elution rates in disease.

Because of its simplicity and reliability, the DFP32 technics appears to be the method of choice for the determination of red cell survival.


Using computer-vision-based fault-diagnosis technologies, anomalies in train bodies can be automatically identified as part of daily maintenance. Nevertheless, since the train speed changes constantly and nonlinearly during the process of image acquisition, the obtained images can be severely distorted. As such, it is necessary to first register the collected images to correct the distortion, so as to accurately extract the key parts of the train body for fault detection. This paper proposes a new accurate registration method for train images based on speeded-up robust features, which improves on the traditional segment registration (SR) method by adding procedures for feature selection, piecewise linearization, and interpolated registration. The novelty of the proposed method is that up to subpixel-level registration accuracy can be achieved. Meanwhile, the robustness of the algorithm is ensured by its strong ability to screen out non-matching pairs when selecting features for registration. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme, experimental comparison and verification are conducted, which show that, compared with the traditional SR method, the registration accuracy is remarkably improved in terms of mean square error, normalization cross-correlation, and structural similarity index.


The main problems of training specialists in the information field with the application of innovative technologies are considered in the article. The goals and objectives of the educational program that provide comprehensive training of qualified, competitive professionals based on the development of student's personal qualities, as well as the formation of universal and professional competencies are shown. The authors analyzed the issues of credit and distance learning technology. The possibilities of using innovative technologies in the process of training information professionals are described. The main types of interactive educational technologies and teaching methods used in the educational process of the university singled out. The authors concluded that the use of innovative technologies contribute to the development of cognitive interest among students, they teach to systematize and generalize the material studied, to discuss and debate.


[article extract] Mediation is a growing area of practice for a large range of professionals and is one of a number of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) options. Mediation is practiced in a variety of contexts including community, workplace, family, parent/adolescent, criminal justice, environmental, Native Title, commercial and construction. The backgrounds of those who work in mediation range from social work and psychology to the legal profession. There are large numbers of short courses available to train mediators and there are academic subjects/programs in which the area of mediation is studied.


Abstract Spatial interaction models describe and predict spatial flows of people, commodities, capital and information. They are one of the oldest and most widely used of all social science models. This chapter provides a coherent state-of-the-art overview of the field that has witnessed the progression from gravity models to entropy maximising and random utility maximising models and finally to models based on neurocomputing principles that represent the most recent innovation in the design of spatial interaction models.


This article deals with the foreign policy of the Holy See during the pontificates of Pope John XXIII and Paul VI which is known as the Ostpolitik of the Holy See. The Ostpolitik signifies the policy of opening the dialog with the communist governments of the Eastern and Central Europe during the Cold War. The article analyzes the factors that influenced it, its main actors and developments, as well as relations of the Holy See with particular countries. It argues that, despite its shortcomings, the Ostpolitik did rise the Holy See's profile on the international scene and helped preservation of the Catholic Church in the communist Eastern and Central Europe.


Background: Eosinophils are viable for a limited period of time if they do not receive external stimulus. We hypothesized that eosinophils direct contact via integrins is important factor for their viability and effect for development of airway remodeling in asthma, especially after allergen provoked acute asthma episodes. Aim: To investigate adhesion of eosinophils to airway smooth muscle cells and its effect on their viability in asthma. Methods: We used individual combined cell cultures of hTERT airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and blood eosinophils. Eosinophils were isolated by high density centrifugation and magnetic separation from 12 allergic asthma patients and 11 healthy individuals before and 24h after bronchial allergen challenge (BAC) with inhaled home dust mite allergen. Eosinophils adhesion was evaluated by measuring eosinophil peroxidase activity; eosinophils viability was evaluated with flow cytometer after Annexin V-PI staining. Data presented as mean±SEM. Results: After 1 h 69.5±5.4% of added asthmatic eosinophils adhere on ASM cells, while adhesion of healthy eosinophils was 49±4.1% (p Conclusion: Increased eosinophils adhesion to ASM cells enhanced their viability in acute allergic asthma.


A new class of transient transport near the critical gradient (CG) referred to as GAM growing intermittency due to the collision-less GAM damping has been found based on Landau-fluid simulation[Miki, et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 99, 145003 (2007)]. Here, we present a new predator-prey model to understand the essential features of the growing intermittency. We have also extended the simulation model by taking into account the collisional zonal flow (ZF) damping. Due to the mixture of two kinds of damping mechanisms, i.e. the GAM damping and collisional damping, the growing intermittency is found to recursively appear accompanied with complex envelope modulation to ZFs over collisional (or transport) time scale. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of zonal pressure (ZP) near the CG, which also works as a dissipation mechanism. The multiple dissipation mechanisms are found to synergetically couple each other and lead plasmas to complex dynamical transport over long time scale.


While scleral staphylomas are occasionally associated with such ocular diseases as glaucoma and myopia, the presence of localized staphylomas of the sclera in otherwise healthy eyes is quite unusual. In the course of retinal detachment surgery, scleral staphylomas were found to a significant degree in eyes which were neither myopic nor glaucomatous. Analysis of the clinical features of such eyes yielded interesting information; such analysis is the subject of this paper. In the past 15 years, this condition and its association with retinal detachment have been reported by Vail. 1-3 In a small series of retinal detachment patients (34 cases), eight eyes had scleral staphylomas. The staphylomas were temporal in location and corresponded with the retinal tear. There have also been isolated case reports of this condition by Lisch, 4 de Souza Queiroz, 5 Klemanska, 6 Young, 7 and Catford. 8 Lisch described a patient with symmetrical temporal staphylomas without


Cape fur seals congregated and relaxed on the surface of Ihe sea. close inshore, at particular localilies along the easlern coast of False Bay, south-western Cape. The number of seals al these sites fluctuated in accordance Ivith changes in wave energy. It is proposed Ihat seals tend 10 congregale for resling in areas with relalil'ell' low wave energti?½ and currenl ,'elocity, since it is in such areas that Ihe animals should expend relatit'eh' leasl energl' in rnainlaining Ihemsell'es al ease on Ihe surface of Ihe sea.


Audio retrieval has been an effortful task for a long time. There are a lot of techniques available for content based audio retrieval. Here, audio retrieval is done in a supervised learning medium. Audio features are extracted using midterm and short term feature extraction method. Extracted features are classified using k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithms. Audio indexing is done using Support Vector Machine (SVM), a supervised learning technique. Finally audio matching is done using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique.


A major obstacle to commercial insertion of silicon carbide device technology into power electronics is the presence of hollow-core defects, known as micropipes, in the substrate material. Although considerable progress has been made to reduce the micropipe density to less than 100 per cm, the continuing presence of these defects is widely believed to be a limiting factor in the development of large-area devices. Additionally, the presence of large numbers of closed-core screw dislocations, dislocation defects and other defects contribute to poor scaling of SiC power devices [1]. A process to reduce the micropipe density by filling the defects with silicon carbide and covering the repaired material with a Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) layer has been developed at TDI, Inc. [2-5]. Large area Schottky diode device performance on SiC epi layers grown using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on both conventional and repaired substrates at the Emerging Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL) have also been reported [6]. One result of these early experiments was a significant improvement in the surface morphology (reduction of step-bunching in the LPE layer) of the reduced micropipe substrate material. More recently, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of TDI's micropipe reduction method with CVD epi has suggested that few dislocations may be generated at the LPE/CVD interface [7].


Introduction by Philip G. Schrag 1. The Farmers' Boycott 2. Basketball 3. Temporary Safety 4. Bernie and Dave 5. My Day in Court 6. Winning the Lottery 7. The Fourth Circuit 8. A Cold Day in Richmond 9. Exiled 10. The Witch Arrives The Lawyer's Epilogue The Client's Epilogue Notes Acknowledgments Index


Panenteric IBD-Like Disease in a Patient with Regressive Autism Shown for the First Time by the Wireless Capsule Enteroscopy: Another Piece in the Jigsaw of this Gut-Brain Syndrome?


Based on the quality control methods of Radix Puerariae and related papers about it,we suggest that multi- technology can be applied in the productive process of sliced Radix Puerariae,and to establish a better technical evaluation standard.


It has become almost a criminological cliche to point out that in some key western democracies crime rates are falling, yet the general public, ever more fearful of crime, is demanding even harsher penalties (Garland 2000). We live, it is argued, in punitive times (Roberts et al, 2002, Pratt et al, 2005). Explaining what appears to be a penal paradox is no easy matter, though it is tempting to round up the usual suspects journalists and politicians. The argument is that these irresponsible agents manufacture public anxiety by creating (and sustaining) moral panics that then translate into the demand for tougher penalties. For example, at the time of the tragic abduction and murder of Sarah Payne, all paedophiles were portrayed in the media as homicidal killers, details of their whereabouts published by The News of the World, and as a result, innocent people were hounded out of their homes by marauding vigilantes demanding tougher sentences for these dangerous 'perverts'. Sensing the Government's vulnerability on this issue, opposition politicians, as they usually do, sought to embarrass the beleaguered Home Secretary, thus helping to ratchet up the level of public anxiety and prevent a more balanced discussion of how to respond to this terrible crime. Instead, we were presented with pictures of toddlers in pushchairs waving placards demanding 'Kill the Paedophiles'. Blaming the media and politicians in this way is not wholly unreasonable. The media are often responsible for exaggerating the threat of crime, and politicians do play on the general public's fear to win a tactical advantage in the struggle to secure votes. However, this is neither an entirely new phenomenon, nor is it, given changes in our political culture, that difficult to understand.


differential slowing across the elbow is anyway of limited value as a sole criterion. Furthermore, routine NCS cannot discriminate between a lesion at the retroepicondylar groove and the humero-ulnar arcade. Precise localization by using inching may then be of additional use. Leo H. Visser Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, PO Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands. E-mail: email@example.com


18 P hotons come in many beautiful colors and are very useful for transmitting information with little loss over large distances. However, photons are also a little boring: they essentially do not interact with one another. This absence of interactions, or equivalently, the linearity of the optical response, is what allows one to send powerful optical pulses over large distances through optical fibers without much signal distortion. It is also what makes photons good carriers of quantum states, that can be encoded in the photons' polarization, frequency, or time of arrival.


The assessment of thermal stress stimuli in Poland was based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Daily values of UTCI at 24 stations selected to represent the whole area of Poland at 12:00 UTC were calculated over the period 1951-2018. Various UTCI characteristics, i.e., spatial averages of daily, monthly and annual values, daily spatial contrasts (i.e., the difference between daily highest and lowest UTCI values) were defined in each of 8 bioclimatic regions of Poland. Ten-year trends for UTCI and spatial contrast values were counted and their statistical significance was analysed. A statistically significant increase in UTCI values was found in all the regions of Poland. However, contrasts in thermal stress both for Poland as a whole and in most of the regions decreased significantly, especially in the north-east of Poland, the country's coldest region. This indicates a reduction in the stimuli of thermal environment in Poland and in most of the individual regions.


e17077Background: Managing advanced gynecologic malignancies represents a challenge. Chemotherapies for recurrent disease have limited efficacy, as they are selectied ignoring the role that tumor h...


This paper will discuss the implementation of the first Writing-across-the-Curriculum program in the Australian Higher Education sector, a program I initiated at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in 1992, but only remnants of which remained past 1997. Three years after the demise of that WAC program, I accepted an invitation to join another faculty at a different university, the University of Queensland (UQ), one of the seven original "sandstone" universities in Australia. My new appointment gave me an opportunity to reprise WAC at a new I institution. The demise of the first program provided lessons for the implementation of the second, but also serves as a cautionary tale for WAC programs everywhere. I will frame the narrative of demise and reprise using Miraglia and McLeod's analysis of enduring WAC programs in the U.S.


The two-dimensional snake scanning of the CCD method provides an effective solution to measure small-scale light spots which are smaller than one CCD pixel. The influences of the A/D conversion digits and response uniformity of the CCD on the measurement error are studied. When the A/D conversion digit is 20, the measurement error can be ignored. The maximum error value of the nonuniform response of the CCD pixel when the order of the super-Gaussian function is 10 is 0.7 μm. The research results can be used to guide the experiment.


Hudson; Oct. 6,1818. THE only apology I judge necessary for the freedom of this address is, that I believe I am writing to a gentleman, a physician, a philosopher, and philanthropist. I therefore take the liberty of stating to thee a discovery which I accidentally made about thirteen years ago, in which, natural philosophy had little or no agency, (whatever degree of it I might flatter myself with having previously acquired,) but by enabling me to trace back to the cause the unex-


Real-time evaluating the stratum by the using LWD (Logging While Drilling) curve could ensure horizontal borehole extend effectively in the reservoir bed and improve rate of drilling. The traditional drilling approach defined boreholes location by the target, which was difficult to ensure extension of horizontal borehole within the reservoir. A new method of optimizing horizontal borehole location which is real time updating geological model was presented in the drilling process. Through contradistinction of the LWD simulated curve and the measured curve, the real-time geologic structure was evaluated, and the geological model was updated, which provided the reference for optimizing horizontal borehole location. The field application results showed that the effect of the method was obvious in optimizing borehole location and raising the drilling footage, and it was worth popularizing and applying.


Based on authors' research on management in automobile and airline industries for many years, it discusses customer-choice demand theory in multi-products competition markets, and also theories and management techniques for competition policy design. These ideas and techniques can also be applied to other manufacturing and service industries, such as telecommunication industry.


Many basic, but very useful features, for characterizing an image or calculating the similarity between two images are based on color information. Psychological studies show that beyond the tone of color, different colors are also associated with different emotions. Thus, two colors that trigger the same impression are most likely considered to be more similar than two colors which trigger the opposite impression. We introduce a new feature called image warmness. It is based on the cold or warm impression that a single color triggers in the brain of the beholder. Image warmness provides a measure about how cold or warm an entire image is perceived by humans based on colors it contains. In a survey and evaluation with 90 images and 101 participants we show that the values of image warmness calculated by the proposed formula are close to the average rating of the survey participants.


The generant course,inherence mechanism,and cause of efflorescence of adhesive and grout for tile and stone after construction,and control measures were introduced.The existence of excessive free Ca2+,Na+ and K+ in materials and the existence of capillary bore and moisture in inner structure of material are the three factors lead to efflorescence.It can be effectively prevented only when the materials properties and installation methods are severely controlled and reasonable curing measures are taken to eliminate the conditions for efflorescence.