This article first discusses the high speed processing,efficient machining characteristics,then introduces the macro program,automatic programming knowledge,compares the advantages and disadvantages of both,and finally through the concrete examples to macro and automatic programming combined use,not only can improve programming efficiency,reduce programming errors,but also can make the program concise,increase readability.Can get twice the result with half the effort of good results.


Thank you for downloading the journey of one buddhist nun even against the wind. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this the journey of one buddhist nun even against the wind, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Family business research appears to be caught in a "jungle" of competing theories in regards to familiness and performance. This study provides a further empirical examination into that relationship. We employ a family influence scale (the familiness–power, experience, and culture scale [F–PEC]) presented by Klein, Astrachan, and Smyrnios in an attempt to assess the relationship between familiness and performance in 831 family businesses. The resulting regression analysis adds to the current state of the literature by demonstrating significant and interesting results. Specifically, familiness showed associations with revenue, capital structure, growth, and perceived performance; however, the relationships were both positive and negative, thus casting doubt upon the F–PEC as a vehicle for untangling the jungle. We conclude with discussion and implications.


The article reveals the role of public finance in the regulation of social processes, analyzes in detail the mechanism of financial regulation of social processes at the present stage of economic development of Russia. Some problems that impede the development of the social infrastructure of Russia are identified, and ways to solve them are proposed. It is concluded that the main problem in slowing down the development of social processes in Russia is not the lack of funding, but the inefficiency of their distribution.


A bill in the House of Representatives would substantially change legal protections related to the collection and treatment of genetic and other personal health information by workplace wellness programs, threatening autonomy, fair treatment, and medical progress.


: In recent years, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and other places have been identified as pilot cities for waste classification and collection. Urumqi is the leader of waste classification work in five northwest provinces. In 2013, it launched the pilot project of domestic waste classification and treatment. In the past few years, although the concept of waste classification has been improved, the implementation results are not optimistic. Therefore, I take a community in Tianshan District and Shuimogou District of Urumqi and environmental protection and Urban Construction Department of Urumqi as the investigation site to carry out the investigation, and analyze the results of the investigation, combined with the collected data,


Knowledge Management Software must be embedded in processes of knowledge workers' everyday practice. In order to attain a seamless design, regarding the special qualities and requirements of knowledge work, detailed studies of the existing work processes and analysis of the used knowledge are necessary. Participation of the knowledge owners and future users us an important factor for success of knowledge management systems. In this paper we describe characteristics of knowledge work motivating the usage of participatory design techniques. We suggest a design process for developing or improving knowledge management, which includes ethnographic surveys, user participation in cyclic improvement, scenario based design, and the use of multiple design artifacts and documents. Finally we explain the benefits of our approach. The paper is based on a case study we carried out to design and introduce a knowledge management system in a training company.


Background: T-cell activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Quiescent T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, whereas activated T cells utilize glycolysis, so use glycolysis inhibitor may be a metabolically regulator needed to control T cells induced GVHD. The mixed lymphocytes culture (MLC) was used as a model to evaluate the effect of treatment for GVHD in vitro. Glucolysis inhibitor 3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA), a glucolysis inhibitor, can effectively induce multidrug resistance leukemia cell lines apoptosis and enhanced chemotherapy-induced cytotoxity to leukemia cells. Objective : This study aimed to study the effects of glycolytic inhibitor 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on the proliferation, the apoptosis, the T lymphocyte subsets and the contents of cytokine IL-4 and IFN-γ in mouse spleen cells harvested from mixed lymphocyte culture. Methods An one-way mixed lymphocyte culture system characterized by labeled responder cells with BALB/c mouse spleen cells (H-2kd) and stimulator cells with C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells (H-2kb) was established. With treatment of 3-BrPA at different concentrations (0-200 μmol/L), the CCK-8 method was applied for lymphoproliferation activity, flow cytometry for cell surface markers of CD3, CD4 and CD8, and ELISA method for the levels of cytokine IL-4 and IFN-γ in the supernatant. Results: The CCK-8 test revealed that 3-BrPA in middle or high concentrations (over IC 30, 20 μmol/L) displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation of MLC system. The IC50 were 48.6、41.2 and 41.9 μmol/L after 24 h, 36 h and 48 h of culture, respectively. FCM test discovered that the inhibitory effect mainly occurred in the CD4+ cells. After 48 h of culture, the apoptosis rate of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μmol/L group were 4.86±0.88%, 5.2±1.13%, 12.63±2.97%, 18.55±4.06% and 22.47±3.61%, respectively. With treatment of 20 or 50μmol/L 3-BrPA, the levels of IFN-γ decreased obviously to 243.37±15.64 ng/L and 164.25±20.14 ng/L, compared with the control group (277.61±18.46 ng/L). The levels of IL-4 increased mildly to 33.18±5.69 ng/L and 31.06±6.06 ng/L, compared with the control group (28.64±3.97ng/L). Thus, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly. Conclusions :The results indicated that 3-BrPA could inhibit T cells proliferation, induce apoptosis and contribute to the Th2 cytokine environment in murine mixed lymphocyte culture system. Disclosures Liu:National Natural Science Foundation of China (81270647, 81300445, 81200388): Research Funding; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2011AA020105): Research Funding; National Public Health Grand Research Foundation (201202017): Research Funding; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2012010009299): Research Funding; the project of health collaborative innovation of Guangzhou city (201400000003-4, 201400000003-1): Research Funding; the Technology Plan of Guangdong Province of China (2012B031800403): Research Funding; the project of the Zhujiang Science & Technology Star of Guangzhou city (2013027): Research Funding.


The extraction of oil at the Brazilian coast has become a complex process, which has involved many mathematical studies to be increasingly efficient, especially facing a crisis scenario in the sector. Thus, the operating companies, which had their economies affected by that crisis, have focused their efforts on the production of the oil wells already drilled instead of directing their investments to drill new wells. In this context, there is an increase in the offshore oil production, mainly in production platforms that are denominated FPSO / FSO, which has intensified the use of shuttle tankers for transporting the production of these platforms. This article aims to present a mathematical model to assist in the planning of routes of shuttle tankers available in the transport operations of oil production, with the intention to optimize costs in these activities. Some scenarios are simulated with the objective of validating the model. Some preliminary results are presented in order to measure the efficiency level of the proposed model when it is applied to situations that can be observed in reality.


DMITRY E.SOROKIN doctor of economics, Professor and corr.-member of the Russian Academy of sciences, Head of the chair of macroeconomic Regulation, financial university under the Government of the Russian federation, first deputy director of the institute of economics of the Russian Academy of sciences (ieRAs), moscow, Russia E-mail: email@example.com


When faced with the problem of judging the propensity of a person to neurosis, psychiatrists are accustomed to inquire for certain "pointers" taken from the history and observed during the interview of the person. The present paper is an attempt to systematize the use of such pointers, and to evaluate their significance for the selection of officer candidates and of applicants for comparable leading and managerial positions.

The 16 pointers used have been collected from the case histories of 100 neurotic Army Officers in a Military Hospital, and their frequency was ascertained in the bed tickets of 101 officers of the Navy treated for neurosis in a Navy Hospital. 55 Army Officers of a mobile division served as controls. Data were available on diagnosis, age, type of commission, length of service, exposure to warfare and disposal. A definition of the 16 pointers is given.

Using the sub-groups of Army and Navy, retained and discharged officers and those interviewed by different observers, the reliability of the single pointers and their discriminatory value was established.

No correlation was found between number of pointers and age or length of service—facts which, therefore, were without importance for the analysis.

In order to determine the combined weight of the pointers they were first simply counted. The number of pointers varied in the sub-groups of neurotics between 4.15 and 6.05, compared with 0.39 in the control group. By measuring the error of variance, this relatively crude method revealed certain interesting differences between the sub-groups, which, however, were small in comparison with the difference between neurotics and normals.

Characteristic combinations of pointers were studied using a specially adapted method of factor analysis. This led to the division of the pointers into three classes; a main class, which could be considered indicative of inadequacy: a second class, indicative of instability, which is apparently of considerable diagnostic value, although it only includes a small number of pointers; and a third class, probably of no independent diagnostic value, indicative of shyness. Counting the number of pointers in each class separately provides three tests of tendency to neurosis; and the preliminary evidence suggests that using the pointers in this way gives better results than combining them all in one straight count.

The analysis illustrates some of the possibilities of treating propensity to neurosis as a variable quantity, and designing one or more scales for measuring it. Further possibilities will be illustrated in a paper to follow on the same data.


Cossacks in French Somaliland illustrate her very strong interest in Russia and her willingness to tackle controversial issues. They also demonstrate "a degree of political naivety" (2) in a woman who fearlessly wrote to the French Minister ofWar to request that the French support the Cossacks in their efforts in Africa. This compendium that Lloyd and Amarie have compiled would be useful to anyone doing extensive and in-depth research on Adam and/or her influential salon, the French relationship with Russia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Pierre Loti, the revanchard movement, or La Nouvelle Revue. As a first glance into Adam's letters, this text serves as both an introduction and a sort of CliffsNotes of the actual letters and would allow a researcher to focus his/her efforts on the exact letters needed for a particular project. This text would also help shed light on and explain the circumstances surrounding the writing of these letters. The only criticism to posit here is that the title of the text might mislead a reader to think that s/he is about to read a biography instead of a summary of letters.


In 1985, about five hundred candidates, out of twenty-five thousand, passed the National Bar Examination in Japan. This low passage rate led to strong criticism by some that the examination was too difficult to attract able young people to the practice of law. This criticism sparked a very strange reform in Japanese legal education. Until 2000, some believed that the best solution to the problem was to increase the number of successful applicants to the bar examination. However, the Japanese government decided instead to import the "American" legal education structure to address the low passage rate problem. The business community endorsed the reform plan because it wanted to increase competition in the lawyers' market, and the mass media generally supported the reformers due to the endorsement by the business community. As a result, Japan now has more than seventy newly established law schools, although all are still in the two-year preparatory stage. For the 2005 academic year, the number of applicants for most schools is far below that of the 2004 academic year, so some of these schools may close in the near future. The real victims, however, are not the law schools but their students.


The tremendous proliferation of Multi-Modal data and the flexible need of users has drawn attention to the field of Cross-Modal Retrieval (CMR), which can perform image-sketch matching, text-image matching, audio-video matching and near infrared-visual image matching. Such retrieval is useful in many applications like criminal investigation, recommendation systems and person reidentification. The real challenge in CMR is to preserve semantic similarities between various modalities of data. To preserve semantic similarities, existing deep learning-based approaches use pairwise labels and generate binary-valued representation. The generated binary-valued representation provides fast retrieval with low storage requirement. However, the relative similarity between heterogeneous data is ignored. So, the objective of this work is to reduce the modality-gap by preserving relative semantic similarities among various modalities. So, a model named "Deep Cross-Modal Retrieval (DCMR)" is proposed, which takes triplet labels as the input and generates binary-valued representation. The triplet labels locate semantic similar data points nearer and dissimilar points far in the vector space. Extensive experiments are performed and the result is compared with deep learning-based approaches, which shows that the performance of DCMR increases by 2% to 3% for Image→Text retrieval and by 2% to 5% for Text→Image retrieval in mean average precision (mAP) on MSCOCO, XMedia, and NUS-WIDE datasets. So, the binary-valued representation generated from triplet labels preserve better relative semantic similarities than pairwise labels.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1874 / The utility of CT scanning for hip fractures from the Emergency Department" by: "D. Assaf, A. George, N. Ridley; Swindon/UK"


Rural demolition of collective-housing involves two major dimensions of public rights and private rights.Essentially,it indicates public rights deprivation the private rights.From the view of logic of the existing specifications,demolition of rural collective-housing has been regarded as the result of land acquisition,in accordance with compensation of ground-attachments,which legal nature appears a state of obscurity and neglect.Starting program,running program,conflict of rights and the right and relief coordination procedures and mechanisms of demolition of rural collective house appears a state of concealment and absence in the existing law,developing a specialized regulation system of demolition of rural collective house,which is the only way of the rule of law demolition of rural collective house.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the perfusion features of ovarian masses and their diagnostic value.

METHODS
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of 81 ovarian masses were confirmed by surgical pathology. Time-intensity curves of perfusion were obtained for the interest areas of ovarian mass. CEUS perfusion parameters were estimated, including rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), time from peak to one half (TTH) and area under the curve (AUC). Repeatability of those parameters was tested. Differences in the perfusion parameters were tested between benign and malignant masses, between tumor and non-tumor masses, between different differentiated and stages of ovarian cancers, between cancers with and without lymph-node metastases, and between primary and metastatic cancers. Receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the cutoff values of perfusion parameters for discriminating cancer from benign ovarian masses.

RESULTS
Good intra-observer repeatability was reached in the five perfusion parameter measurements. PI, TTH and AUC increased significantly in ovarian cancer and tumor compared with benign and non-tumor masses (P<0.05) . PI, TTH and AUC were effective parameters in diagnosing ovarian cancer. AUC had the highest diagnostic effectiveness, with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 80.8% at the cutoff value of 877 dB?s. There were no differences in the parameters between different differentiated and stages of ovarian cancers, between cancers with and without lymph-node metastases, and between the primary and metastatic cancers.

CONCLUSION
Malignant ovarian cancer has higher PI, TTH and AUC values in CEUS. AUC has certain value in diagnosing ovarian cancer.


Flow and Mixing Characteristics have been investigated for the lattice-type twinshaft high-viscosity agitator, which is capable of mixing liquids of viscosity as high as several thousand Pa·s.It is found that the liquid hold-up during agitation increases as the ratio of Fr/ ReM increases, and the amount of liquid hold-up is given as a function of Fr/ ReM.The longitudinal equivalent number of stages for perfectly mixing tanks was found to be almost independent of viscosity in the region of 0.15 kPa·s and was determined to be proportional to (ReF/ ReM) 1/3.


Objective: To understand foot and mouth disease distribution of Binchuan County from May 2008 to June 2011,so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of corresponding control measures.Methods: Analyze the foot and mouth disease case from the management system of national disease surveillance information reporting from May 2008 to June 2011 in Binchuan County.Results: From May 2008 to June 2011,it was reported that there were 861 HFMD cases in the county;501 were male;360 female;sex ratio of 1.39: 1.738 cases which mainly involved in 0-4 years old children made up 85.71% of the total cases.There were 681 cases that were scattered children(79.09%),followed by preschool children 148 cases(17.19% of the total).Among 13 stool specimens of clinically diagnosed cases in 2011,there were 3 enterovirus EV71+ and 2 CoxA16 +.Conclusion: Foot and mouth disease in Binchuan County mainly focuses on the children aged 0-4,304 cases in age group(2 years old).The key to the prevention and control is to pay more attention to scattered children and kindergarten children.


EROC (Extensible, Reusable Optimization Components) is a toolkit for building query optimizers. EROC's components are C++ classes based on abstractions we have identified as central to query optimization, not only in relational DBMSs, but in extended relational and object-oriented DBMSs as well. I EROC's use of C++ classes clarifies the mapping from application domain (optimization) abstractions to solution domain (EROC) abstractions, and these classes provide: (1) complex predicate definition and manipulation; (2) representations for common operators, such as join and groupby, and associated property derivation functions, including key derivation; (3) management of catalog and type information; (4) implementations of common algebraic equivalence rules, and (5) System Rand Volcano-style search strategies. The classes are designed to provide optimizer implementors reusability and extensibility through layering and inheritance. EROC provides much more functionality than previous optimization tools because at1 of Pemnission to copy without fee all 01 part of this material is granted provided thaf the copies are not made OT distributed fOT' direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and ifs date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Ve'ery Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, OT to republish, sequires a fee .andbor special permission from fhe Endowment. Proceedings of the 22nd VLDB Conference Mumbai(Bombay), India, 1996 Melissa Truong NCR Corporation email@example.com EROC's optimization classes are extensible and reusable, not just the search components. In addition to describing EROC's architecture and software engineering, we also show how EROC's classes were extended to build NEAT0 (New EROC-based Advanced Teradata Optimizer), a join optimizer for a massively parallel environment. Based on the extensions required we give an indication of the savings EROC, provided us. To show NEATO's efficiency and effectiveness, we present results of optimizing complex TPC/D benchmark queries and show that NEAT0 easily searches the entire space of query execution plans. We outline plans for extensions to NEAT0 and overview how the flexibility of EROC will enable these extensions.


The spectra of diacetylene-h2 and diacetylene-d2 have been photographed in the vacuum ultraviolet region as far as 1000 Å. Comparison of the spectra of the normal and deuterated molecules has led to an extensive vibrational analysis. A revised assignment of the Rydberg origin bands is proposed. This gives a new spectroscopic value of the first ionization potential of 10.180 ± 0.003 eV, in agreement with the electron impact value. Some bands at shorter wavelengths are arranged in a new Rydberg series leading to the second ionization potential, for which a value of 12.62 ± 0.04 eV is found. The results of the analysis correlate in a satisfactory way with the 'T' spectrum of the diacetylene positive ion. The mean of the first and second ionization potentials of diacetylene is found to be equal within experimental error to the first ionization potential of acetylene. Some anomalous features of the spectrum are noted and discussed. The Fermi resonance in the 'T' spectrum between v3 and 2v7 is also discussed, and it is concluded that the current assignment should be reversed.


The estimation of the number of failures of technical objects is of key importance throughout the object life cycle, particularly in the wear-out period when the number of failures begins to grow significantly. In the literature related to this problem, examples exist of solutions (mathematical models) that can assist the estimation of the number of failures. For the description of the life cycles of objects, functions are usually used of known forms of probability distribution of the number of object failures. The procedure presented in this paper assumes the use of statistical data related to the failures of uniform population of nonrenewable technical objects, recorded in the form of empirical function of failure intensity. It specifically serves the purpose of determining the characteristic point of life of these objects i.e. the onset of the wear-out period. Within the procedure, a model of fuzzy inference has been applied that reflects the human reasoning (expert of the system) observing/investigating the objects. The results of the developed procedure may constitute a basis for forecasting of failures of mechanical nonrenewable technical objects.


The article is devoted to the description of new approaches and characteristics of PR-activities in Ukraine and the analysis of existing PR-trends. Based on a survey of experts engaged in different areas of the economy and conducted at the end of 2021, in the comparative framework of different sectors of economy, it was found that many trends publicly discussed by experts as digitalization, social media development, etc. are confirmed, but in some areas, they possess more or less intensity. It concerns the influence and use of social media, leaders of opinions and reputational management. In connection with the trends identified by the survey, more questions were devoted to social media, reputation management, and the features that experts mentioned when working with these areas. Some of the ideas highlighted by experts are not confirmed as trends, among them - changes in the work of the press service. In general, the survey reveals more similar observations and evaluations, showing directions and highlighting interesting cases for Ukrainian professionals. Based on the data obtained it is possible to speak about the transformation of the PR-market in 2021: More creative cooperation in the structure of integrated marketing communications allows using a broader and more structured approach, to get more quantitative and qualitative performance indicators that can be measured and analyzed. In 2022, due to the outbreak of war in the country, all PR spheres have undergone significant changes, and now, gradually, after a forced halt, begin to work and adapt to the current situation. The authors think that at this stage it is important to identify and describe the main challenges and difficulties in PR activities for understanding their significance and intensity on the development of both the PR market and the profession as a whole.


Principles of construction of models of difficult technical systems with accent on modeling the centralized heat supply (CHS) systems Are considered. It is noticed that formation of CHS models can be carried correctly out only with participation of the operational organizations which empirical experience is subject to the analysis for the purpose of revealing of the formalizable and non-formalizable phenomena.


In many areas of precision machining abrasive flow polishing technology has an important role. In order to study the influence of abrasive flow on the polishing effect of variable diameter parts, the fifth step variable diameter tube was taken as the research object to analyze the dynamic pressure and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of inlet velocity on the fifth-order variable diameter tube influences. Through comparative analysis, the abrasive flow polished variable diameter pipe parts have very effective and significant polishing effect and the higher the inlet speed, the more significant the polishing effect.


This paper describes the current situation in China and the reasons for the rapidly increasing consumption of oil and the consequent search for new sources. Some suggestions are made for the rapid development and commercialisation of hydrogen energy systems in China using domestic resources. China could satisfy the energy demand with her domestic resources of renewable energies and depending on her own domestic scientific, technological and personal resources, etc. This could help remove the misgivings of other countries and reduce worries about oil prices.


Based on the experiment data of maize on the Xifeng Agrometeorological Experiment Station and meteorological data on Xifeng National Base Climate Station from 1994 to 2008,the characteristics of LAI(Leaf Area Index) and influence of accumulated temperature and PAR(Photosynthetically Active Radiation) on LAI,influence of LAI on total water storage in depth of 50 cm in soil,biomass and yield factors have been analyzed.The results showed that the LAI in three leaves period to milky mature period presented "S-shape" curves with the days in which LAI increased slowly in 8 to 28 days after emerging then increased rapidly at a rate of 0.7/10 days in 28 to 74 days after emergence and at last decreased slowly at a rate of 0.1/10 days in 74 to 103 days after emerging and water ratio of leaves decreased by 0.9% every 10 days.During the experiment years,the different values of precipitation was bigger which the variation coefficients were 31% to 92%;next was effective accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ with the variation coefficients 15% to 58% and PAR was the stable factor in which the variation coefficients were 6% to 18%.The meteorological factors in all experiment years tended to be average value from sowing to milky maturation period.LAI and effective accumulated temperature and PAR varied with power function that turning point of values of LAI were in 500 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature and 250 MJ/m2 of PAR.Total water storage in depth of 50cm in soil decreased by 11 mm with LAI increased by 1.Biomass of maize turned to be power function described by LAI in which the most optimum value is 3.5.The most optimum planting density was 60000 plants per hectare.Relevance between yield factors and LAI in seven leaves to jointing period was not notability but notability in tasseling to milky maturation period.LAI in tasseling period within the specific limits was favorable to improve economic outputs.


Summary form only given. Symbols and metaphors play a crucial role when we articulate our understanding of the world - be it everyday life, the life or science and technology or the life of religion and theology. How do we choose metaphors? How do we distinguish icons from idols? Do we always understand how symbols and icons work? I will suggest that the experience that theologians have accumulated in the field of hermeneutics is an asset also in the area of science and technology. The critical engagement with the art of interpreting and understanding is necessitated by the potential of scientific concepts to build ideologies as well as by the role that metaphoric processes play - not only in communication with the general public but also in scientific research and self-understanding.


This paper presents a new model and solution procedure for a problem that arises in configuring package sorting centers that perform multiple automated sorts per day. For a given set of loading bays, the first objective is to assign destinations to consecutive doors so that the number of changes of destination-to-door assignments from one sort to the next is minimized. The second and third objectives are to minimize the number of loaders who work the doors and to evenly distribute the volume of packages assigned to each loader. A variety of constraints vastly complicates these assignments and leads to a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model, which we significantly strengthened with structurally derived cuts. A novel feature of the formulation is the use of pattern variables to represent the door assignments. Taking a multiobjective programming approach, solutions are obtained by solving a series of MIPs, each addressing one of the three objectives. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated using data provided by a well-known package carrier for 24 work centers in four facilities. An additional contribution is a complexity analysis of the destination-to-door and the loader-to-door assignment subproblems. Both are shown to be strongly NP-hard. We also examine special cases of the loader subproblem and develop polynomial-time algorithms for them.


Townsend A. (1977) The Relationship of inner city problems to regional policy. Reg. Studies 11, 225–251. The paper attempts to review the new perspectives for national government policy on the distribution of industry resulting from the recognition of the 'inner-city' problem of most conurbations. By analysing sub-regional reports and trends for Scotland and three northern Regions of England, and their intake of factory moves from the South-East, it prompts refinement of the simple distinction between government assisted and non-assisted areas. The inner area problems of Clydeside, Tyneside, Merseyside etc. add to the case for a continued regional policy, focussed more on re-defined Special Development Areas. The distinction between inner London and the rest of the South-East is great enough to warrant very different use of Industrial Development Certificates in the two areas.


In this report, the structural design outline of a high-rise building with the 'concentrated type' response control system in the form of a middle story isolation interface is described:(1)The both advantage and attention of the structural design using the above response control system and how to solve it are shown;(2)Generally,in design of base isolated structures,the planning of an isolation interface is the bulk of the design;(3)On the other hand,in the design of middle story isolation structure,the response of the structure is affected by the characteristic high frequency mode according to the vibration features of the upper and lower structures.


In this research, the variation of thermal conductivity with temperature of a limestone and its relationship with porosity is studied. Samples from Prada formation, a lower Cretaceous limestone from the Catalan Pyrenees (Spain), obtained from the Tres Ponts road tunnel were subjected to temperatures of 105, 300, and 600 °C and then cooled at a slow rate by air-cooling to laboratory temperature. Open porosity tests were determined before and after heating to evaluate the porosity increase and the micro-cracks growth. Complementarity, thermal conductivity was measured in the rock samples before and after the application of a thermal treatment by means of C-Therm TCi device, a Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS). This is a non-invasive, quick, and precise method, when compared with other steady-state laboratory alternatives, widely used to directly determine thermal properties of rock samples. A clear decrease in the thermal conductivity of above 10% was observed for samples heated at 600 °C, probably due to a dramatic increase in porosity. The obtained results could be of great interest for the incorporation of the effect of temperature on rock in numerical models, to evaluate the potential impacts induced by eventual fires developed inside the Tres Ponts tunnel.


This paper aims to investigate the details and the significance of Hu Shi's and Xu Dishan's reformation of Confucian Classics teaching in the University of Hong Kong.Hu Shi visited Hong Kong in January,1935,as he was conferred an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the University of Hong Kong(HKU).During his visit,Hu examined and criticized the Chinese teaching of HKU,of whick those traditional literati passing the imperial examination are in charge.At the same time,Hu was invited to direct the reformation project of Chinese teaching by HKU,but Hu recommended Xu Dishan as the project director instead.Xu's reformation of Chinese teaching was demonstrated in the following ways.First,he transformed the School of Chinese into the Department of Chinese literature and History,which was then divided into four units:general literature,literature,history and philosophy.Moreover,those traditional literati in Chinese classes were asked to retire or their appointments as professors were discontinued.However,Xu abolished all classes of Confucian Classics in HKU.The author concludes that despite the fact that the abolishment of those classes represents the discipline of Confucian Classics remains unrecognized in the curriculum of modern Chinese universities,the key factors are teacher's teaching method and its effect.


Materials Discovery
Despite ordered structure and well-defined stoichiometry, stable intermetallic compounds are challenging to predict even in binary systems because of the numbers of structures that depend on chemical composition and need to be considered. Incorporation of Bi is of particular interest because of the potentially distinctive properties that it could introduce into intermetallic materials. Using a density functional theory–based random structure searching approach, Altman et al. explored the high-pressure phase space of the Mo–Bi system and predicted stability of the stoichiometric compound MoBi2 of the CuAl2 structure type, the first group 6-Bi binary intermetallic structure confirmed experimentally. Additional electronic structure calculations revealed important correlations that could be useful in directing the synthesis of analogous intermetallic compounds of transition metals with Bi.

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 , 214 (2021).


Memristors have been extensively studied for data storage and low-power computation applications. In this study, we show that memristors offer more than simple resistance change. Specifically, the dynamic evolutions of internal state variables allow an oxide-based memristor to exhibit Ca(2+)-like dynamics that natively encode timing information and regulate synaptic weights. Such a device can be modeled as a second-order memristor and allow the implementation of critical synaptic functions realistically using simple spike forms based solely on spike activity.


Introduction The molecular contribution to the intensity of the Raman scattering is given by the general polarizability αρσ fi. In the far-from-resonance (FFR) regime, the energy of the excitation radiation (ħω0) is far from that of any electronic transition and αρσ fi receives balanced contributions of many excited electronic states, expressed by the well known Placzek's electronic polarizability, whose geometrical derivatives are related to the intensities of FFR Raman.1 On the other hand, the Resonance Raman (RR) scattering occurs when ħω0 is close from the energy of an electronic transition. In RR the intensity of the scattered radiation is orders of magnitude stronger than that of FFR regime and αρσ fi is dominated by one (or few) excited electronic state.1 Therefore, this form of Raman provides structural and dynamical information of both ground and excited (resonance) electronic states. Within the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) and Frank-Codon (FC) approximations, the corresponding expression for αρσ fi of RR is given by: This expression involves, among other quantities, FC integrals of the initial (vi) and final (vf) vibrational states in the ground electronic state g with vibrational states (n) of the resonance electronic state e. In order to simplify the calculation of FC integrals, the Potential Energy Surface (PES) of g and e states are considered harmonic and those integrals are evaluated analytically from recurrence formulas.2 To the best of our knowledge, there is only one article reporting the calculation of FC integrals for anharmonic wave-functions in RR.3 On that pure theoretical work, the RR cross section of diatomic systems is obtained from analytic integration of unidimentional eigenfunctions of the Morse potential. The FC factors were computed for several values of the vibrational quantum numbers v and n of hypothetical molecules, and were compared with those from analytic solution of the harmonic potential. It was shown that FC factors differ only few percent between Morse and harmonic models for v,n=0, 1 or 2, however, for higher values the anharmonic FC factors can be many time greater or lower than the corresponding harmonic data. In the case of RR cross sections, the anharmonic effects can be strong even for fundamental transitions. In the present study, the FC integrals are numerically evaluated for vibrational states of the true PES obtained from correlated ab initio methods. The vibrational wave-functions are calculated using a version of the Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) Artigo Geral 23


Optimal cytoreductive surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic chemoperfusion (IHCP) is a therapy that potentially could improve survival in a select group of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to review the results of cytoreductive surgery and IHCP for advanced ovarian cancer and to identify factors that may predict which patients maximally benefit from this aggressive treatment.


Abstract The experimental results aimed at modification of metal surface micro geometry by applying electric discharges in impulse are presented in this paper. Taylor cone-shaped asperities were extracted from the metal piece on the flat and cylindrical surface. SEM and EDX analysis of the processed surfaces were investigated


Malayalam, the official language of Indian state Kerala includes vowels, Dependent vowels, Consonants, Compound characters and Chillus. Handwritten Malayalam characters are difficult to recognize due to their curved nature and there are characters which are formed by the combination of two characters. These along with the presence of 'chillu' make recognizing Malayalam characters a challenging task. when considering handwritten character recognition it is difficult to achieve 100 percent accuracy due to wide interpersonal and intrapersonal variations in writing styles. Recognition of similar shaped characters is difficult and lead to misclassification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a popular deep learning method and is state of the art for image recognition. This involves six main steps :Preprocessing, Dataset creation, Dataset augmentation, CNN modelling (LeNet and ResNet), Classification and Testing. Dataset is the handwritten images collected from different people in different styles. For CNN modelling LeNet architecture is used .But the accuracy can be improved by using a ResNet model which uses Skip connection.Adding more number of features as well as layers show better accuracy. This paper proposes an efficient method on feature extraction for Malayalam handwritten character recognition and compare the performance of two CNN models, LeNet and ResNet.


The overarching goal of this work was to trace the origins of organic matter as a possible biosignature for early life on Earth. This work documented the petrological, structural, isotopic, elemental and molecular properties of organic matter, in a suite of sediments ranging from the Eoarchean to the Phanerozoic. Particular attention was paid to iron formations which form a major part of the Precambrian sedimentological record. Optical and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to document the petrological occurrences of organic matter and its associated diagenetic features. Focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy were used to detail the nanoscale structures of the organic matter. Mass spectroscopic techniques were utilised to measure the isotopic, elemental and molecular properties of organic matter and its petrographically associated carbonate. The timing and possible mechanisms of organic matter formation were investigated and evaluated, against the observed attributes of the organic matter. This work has documented organic matter forming key mineral associations with apatite and carbonate, which point to the diagenetic recycling of biogenic carbon. The diagenetic cycling of organic matter is proposed, to fuel the formation of granules during organic matter, iron and sulphur cycling. This cycling is hypothesised to lead to heterogeneity in organic matter structure and preservation in sediments. Additionally, this work has demonstrated that fluid deposited graphite in metamorphosed sediments may represent redistributed, syngenetic organic matter, shedding light on the controversial origins of graphite biosignatures in Earths oldest rocks. Finally, a detailed study of microfossil structures and their associations with organic matter and biominerals in iron formations was conducted to provide evidence for the preservation of Proterozoic microfossils, and the earliest signs of life on Earth.


The great computational power and usableness of Matlab both makes it particularly effective in solving simple and complex Applied Finance. The specific thesis, through a systematic presentation of the basic functions of Matlab and it' s financial toolbox, it aims to show how Matlab can be used in financial applications such as portfolio management, valuation of fixed income securities and derivatives as well as cash flow analysis.


This article reports on column ozone measurements made from Sodankyla, (67[degrees]N), during the winter of 1991-1992. These measurements have been made with a Brewer spectrophotometer, and a SAOZ instrument. The results are correlated with TOMS data also. A strong sensitivity to light scattering due to atmospheric aerosols has been shown. When airmass factors are adjusted into the measurements, then the measurements are better correlated between themselves.


The anticolonial and antiapartheid struggles galvanized intercontinental identifications between involuntary and voluntary African migrants to the West, and between them and Africans on the continent. These resistances were not only focused on ending those specific oppressions, but also they were political struggles for black/African identity, elimination of poverty, visibility, peace, education, culture, freedom, and more—in short, decolonization. Though much attention has been given to involuntary (slavery) and voluntary (professional and low-skilled) migrations, there are new communities formed as a result of illegal, legal, asylum seekers, economic, political, and social African migrants. This paper, then, investigates, in the more globalized world with increased African "brain drain," the relations cultivated to shape new or galvanize old identifications among the three groups. The paper aims to understand how the voluntary African migrants to the West participate in identity consciousness—race, gender, sex, and sexuality—to sustain the anticolonialist thought and negotiate the "paradoxes of living in two worlds," as well as how they "negotiate the agonies that come with living in exile."


This study deploys a new method to gain insight into the as‐quenched microstructure of Al–Mg–Si alloys using atom probe tomography (APT) as an imaging method. Here, diffusion of solutes during sample preparation and handling is suppressed via application of cryogenic temperatures beginning from quenching in liquid nitrogen (LN2) through to APT experiments at 33 K. The solute distribution is studied via customized nearest‐neighbor distribution and radial distribution function analysis. The influence of energy input on the solute distribution via cryogenic focused ion beam (FIB) preparation is also shown.


With the introduction of commercially available amplifiers using the current feedback topology by Comlinear Corporation in the early 1980's, previously unattainable gain and bandwidths in a DC coupled amplifier became easily available to any design engineer. The basic achievement realized by the current feedback topology is to de-couple the signal gain from the loop gain part of the overall transfer function. Commonly available voltage feedback amplifiers offer a signal gain expression that appears identically in the loop gain expression, yielding a tight coupling between the desired gain and the resulting bandwidth. This historically has led to the gain-bandwidth product idea for voltage feedback amplifiers. The current feedback topology transcends this limitation to offer a signal bandwidth that is largely independent of gain. This application note develops the current feedback transfer function with an eye towards manipulating the loop gain.


Background: Using aspirin, heparin, or both in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage could be useful, because this problem might be initiated by thrombosis in decidual vessels. Objective: To investigate the association between thrombophilia and unexplained recurrent miscarriage and to evaluate the efficacy of anticoagulant treatment. Materials and Methods: In this quasi experimental, we enrolled 520 women, who had a history of recurrent miscarriage. Two hundred fifty two women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage were assigned to receive aspirin (80 mg daily) for two month before pregnancy and after confirmation of a viable pregnancy until 36 weeks of gestation or receive aspirin, as the same, plus heparin (5000 unit twice a day) subcutaneously after confirmation of viable pregnancy until 4 weeks after delivery. Type of medication was chosen for each woman according to number of abortion and age. Results: Live-birth rates did not different significantly among the two study groups. The proportions of women who gave birth to a live normal infant were 74.5% in the group receiving aspirin plus heparin (combination-therapy group) and 79.8% in the aspirin group. Conclusion: Live-birth rates did not different significantly among the two study groups. So, using aspirin or aspirin plus heparin did not change pregnancy rate in these patients. Using aspirin is easier than injecting heparin which should be chosen case by case. This article extracted from M.Sc. thesis. (Tahereh Jahaninejad) Registration ID in IRCT: IRCT2013102315123N1


The study by Balmer et al. in the present issue of Europace lends support to our clinical notion that early intervention is beneficial even to the young individual. The children in this study that received a pacemaker had signs and/or symptoms such as bradycardia, exercise intolerance, syncope or heart failure that were ameliorated by pacemaker implantation. Three patients received a pacemaker within the first month of life. The common experience that the prognosis is worse when congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is associated with cardiac malformation was not confirmed in this study. Interestingly there was no difference in heart rate between symptomatic and asymptomatic children before pacemaker implantation. The clinical consequence is that the resting heart rate does not help in determining the right time for intervention. Their main conclusion is that pacemaker therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in children with CCAVB when compared with natural history data. This information is valuable but there is still room for argument about when to intervene. In their study all symptomatic children received a pacemaker whereas asymptomatic ones did not. But is there an asymptomatic child with CCAVB? Is the breastfed baby with CCAVB symptomatic if feeding time is somewhat prolonged? Is the 7-year-old with CCAVB symptomatic if he does not want to play soccer? Is the 13-year-old computer-enthusiast with CCAVB symptomatic? My point is that our tools to detect symptoms at present are too blunt. We really need to know when to treat the (?) asymptomatic child and what pacemaker mode to choose. There is evidence that when the patient has passed the mid-teens, pacemaker implantation reduces mortality and morbidity. Although symptoms and signs such as premature ventricular complexes, wide QRS escape rhythm, fatiguability and effort dyspnoea are poor indicators of future severe


We live in a digitalized world, where social media have become an integral part of scholarly life. Digital tools like blogs can facilitate various research-related activities, from recruitment, to data collection, to communication of research findings. In this article, we analyze our experience of blogging to suggest that they provide a useful resource for qualitative researchers working with reflexive accounts of personal experience. Through our personal story of engaging with blogging while traveling abroad to participate in a conference, we explore how we used the blog in different ways to concretize transitional processes, to engage in public storytelling, and to form a network of relationships (self, others, and blog). We argue that the technology of blogging is particularly suited to creating sense-making narratives from liminal or discombobulating experiences, and highlight the usefulness of understanding the production of data through blogging as culturally located within networks of relationships and normative discourses.


Isolated massive elliptical galaxies, or that are present at the center of cool-core clusters, are believed to be powered by hot gas accretion directly from their surrounding hot X-ray emitting gaseous medium. This leads to a giant Bondi-type spherical/quasispherical accretion flow onto their host SMBHs, with the accretion flow region extending well beyond the Bondi radius. In this work, we present a detailed study of Bondi-type spherical flow in the context of these massive ellipticals by incorporating the effect of entire gravitational potential of the host galaxy in the presence of cosmological constant Λ, considering a five-component galactic system (SMBH + stellar + dark matter + hot gas + Λ). The current work is an extension of Ghosh & Banik (2015), who studied only the cosmological aspect of the problem. The galactic contribution to the potential renders the (adiabatic) spherical flow to becomemulti-transonic in nature, with the flow topology and flow structure significantly deviating from that of classical Bondi solution. More notably, corresponding to moderate to higher values of galactic mass-to-light ratios, we obtain Rankine-Hugoniot shocks in spherical wind flows. Galactic potential enhances the Bondi accretion rate. Our study reveals that there is a strict lower limit of ambient temperature below which no Bondi accretion can be triggered; which is as high as ∼ 9 × 10K for flows from hot ISM-phase, indicating that the hot phase tightly regulates the fueling of host nucleus. Our findings may have wider implications, particularly in the context of outflow/jet dynamics, and radio-AGN feedback, associated with these massive galaxies in the contemporary Universe.


Radionuclide concentrations were measured in soil and vegetation growing adjacent to and in the Savannah River Laboratory Seepage Basins as part of the plan for closure of the basin system. The results of the measurements provide some information about the mobility of the radionuclides introduced into the basins. {sup 90}Sr is the most mobile of the radionuclides in soil. Its high mobility and high relative uptake by vegetation cause {sup 90}Sr to be distributed throughout the basin system. {sup 137}Cs is not as mobile in the basin soil, limiting its uptake by vegetation growing on the edge of the seepage basins; however, it is readily taken up by the vegetation growing in the basins. Soil mobility and vegetation uptake is relatively low for all of the transuranic radionuclides. For the most part these radionuclides remain near the surface of the basin soils where they were absorbed from the waste-water. The relative role of soil mobility and vegetation uptake on the distribution of radionuclide at the basins was futher evaluated by comparing the vegetation concentration ratio and the half-depth of penetration of the radionuclides in the basin soil. The results suggest that vegetation processes dominate in determining the concentration of {supmore » 60}Co and {sup 137}Cs in the vegetation. The influences of soil and vegetation are more balanced for {sup 90}Sr. The other radionuclides exhibit both low soil mobility and low vegetation uptake. The lack of soil mobility is seen in the lower concentrations found in vegetation growing on the edge of the basin compared to those growing in the basin.« less


By equipping the base stations of a wireless network with antenna arrays, it is possible to more fully exploit the spatial dimension in a wireless communication system. Multiple antennas can provide a processing gain to increase the base station range and improve coverage. Also, by exploiting the spatial selectivity of an antenna array, interference may be reduced which in turn can be traded for increased capacity of the system. A wide range of wireless communication systems may benefit from spatial processing including high mobility cellular systems, low mobility short range systems, wireless local loop applications, satellite communications and wireless LAN. By employing an array of antennas, it is possible to multiplex channels in the spatial dimension just as in the frequency and time dimension. This is often referred to as spatial division multiple access (SDMA). To increase system capacity, spatially selective reception as well as spatially selective transmission must be achieved. Herein, we present some different approaches and techniques for spatial/temporal processing. Critical aspects of SDMA for both high mobility cellular systems and low mobility or movable systems are reviewed and the potential benefits examined.


Summary: Metabolites in the lactose synthesis pathway were measured in human milk during established lactation. The mean concentrations (range) were: lactose, 198 m M (175–233); glucose, 1.5 m M (0.1–2.4); glucose 6-phosphate, 11 μ M (4–23); glucose 1-phosphate, 2.7 μ M (1.6–6.8); UDP-glucose, 2.7 μ M (0.6–6.0); UDP-galactose, 0.7 μ M (<0.1–2.5); inorganic phosphate, 2.2 m M (0.8–2.9). During storage of milk within the breast for 2 h, glucose 6-phosphate concentration increased by 1.4 ± 0.5 μ M, while UDP-glucose decreased by 1.0 ± 0.4 μ M. None of the other metabolites showed significant changes in concentration during this period. Only glucose showed a circadian rhythm in concentration, with the highest concentrations between 1400 and 1800 h. The volumes of milk produced by the mothers ranged from 178 to 1,739 ml/24 h. Despite this variation, there were no significant relationships between the 24-h average concentrations of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, or inorganic phosphate and the amount of lactose produced over 24 h.


Kelly Woodward details her personal story of loss due to sepsis, and gives essential knowledge and tools to help save lives.


In0.3Ga0.7As epilayers were grown on GaAs substrate by using step-graded buffer layer and low temperature mismatched In0.6Ga0.4As buffer layer respectively. It was shown that the stress in the In0.3Ga0.7As epilayer was released by misfit dislocation generation when adopting the step-graded buffer,which led to form cross-hatch pattern surface morphology. However,the In0.3Ga0.7As epilayer based on the low temperature mismatched buffer was fully relaxed by forming defects in the low temperature layer,and there was no cross-hatch pattern presented in the In0.3Ga0.7As surface. This ultra-thin (50 nm) low temperature mismatched buffer technique was found to be more economical in volume production.


There are issues in the theory of concepts about which A Study of Concepts could have said more. There are also some issues about which it would have done well to say something different. The commentators in this symposium have successfully identified a series of issues of one or other of these two kinds, and I am very grateful for their thought and detailed attention. I have learned from reflection on their comments, and I take this opportunity to try to carry the discussion forward by addressing a range issues underdeveloped in A Study of Concepts (henceforth, SoC). Georges Rey raises global questions about the project of SoC. Answerability, Quinean challenges and the relations between my approach and covariation or 'locking' theories are amongst the problems he raises. The comments of David Papineau are at an intermediate level of generality. He poses questions about the subject-matter of a theory of concepts, and rejects my critique of teleological theories of content. He is also dissatisfied with my account of the relations between actual thought and the normative properties of concepts. I will consider that issue at some length (and present some new proposals on one aspect, in ?8). Jane Heal considers my elaboration of the approach for a specific concept, that of belief. I will take the topics in that order.


The invention relates to a system for automatically adapting a local program of a mobile client based on a server. The system is characterized in that: after mobile terminal platform type information submitted by a user downloading a client program for the first time is adapted for the first time, the local perfect fusion of each functional module is further realized, the availability of the system is enhanced and a powerful secondary adaptation function is added to the client program, namely, the layout of a user interface is dynamically regulated by locally stored detailed configuration information, and a locally supported file format is added into a predefined data packet meeting an internal protocol as an independent field and transmitted to the server if necessary. Therefore, the server can finish the re-adaptation of the client according to a real-time request transmitted by a mobile terminal on the premise of not managing a configuration information base with a large data volume which is infinitely increased along with the continuous development of novel mobile terminals, which remarkably improves the user experiences of the client and the sustainability of an entire application system, makes a background server concentrate on specific functional business logics and fully meets the core design idea of rationally reducing the workload of each operating platform on the premise of optimizing a service flow.


In 2005, Jan Cuny started the "Broadening Participation in Computing" (BPC) program at the U.S. National Science Foundation with a thought-provoking question: do we need different approaches to engage diverse people in computing? The answer might seem to be yes --- with alliances including the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT), the Computing Alliance for Hispanic-Serving Institutions (CAHSI), AccessComputing (for people with disabilities), and the Institute for African American Mentoring in Computer Sciences (IAAMCS). On the other hand, STARS builds university leadership to serve local communities, while Expanding Computing Education Pathways (ECEP) works to build capacity in schools for teaching computing, and Into the Loop engages deeply with high schools in Los Angeles to integrate rigorous computing courses into this highly diverse district.


This study was aimed to know the advantage of Cooperative Class Experiment (CCE) teaching method over the conventional method on students learning activity and achievement in Invertebrates sub topic for grade X SMA Negeri 2 Balige academic year 2013/ 2014. It was a quasi experimental research. The study population was all 256 students of grade X SMA Negeri 2 Balige and the samples were taken by purposive sampling. Students of the experimental class (X7) which was taught by the treatment of Cooperative Class Experiment (CCE) was 32 and the control class (X6) which was taught by the conventional method was 32, so all samples was 64 students. The tools used for data collection were a non-test instrument in the form of students learning activity observation sheet with six activity indicators and a test of multiple choice questions which consist of 30 questions with five options within. Students learning activity in CCE class was more active than control. The results showed that the average of student learning activity in experimental class was 62.63% while the control was 23.88%. Both classes passed the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC=76), but the average score of material mastering level in the treatment class was higher than the control. The experimental class which was taught with Cooperative Class Experiment (CCE) teaching method had mean score of 85.21 with deviation standard of 5.1, whereas the control class that taught with conventional method had mean score of 76.12 with deviation standard of 5.76. The percentage of students learning achievement increasing was 11.94%. The very significant difference ofstudents learning achievementbetween experimental and control class was proved by the hypothesis testing usedt-testandsignificance level of 0.05 (α=0.05), wheretcount > ttable (6.683>1.6703) and 0.01 (α=0.01), wheretcount > ttable (6.683>2.3884). In this study theHa1 and Ha2were acceptedandHo1 and Ho2were rejectedwhichmeant thatthere was the advantage of Cooperative Class Experiment (CCE) teaching method over the conventional method on students learning


INTRODUCfION TIle opportunity is taken to offer thoughts on the interpretation of surface-derived and excavated lithic evidence, through recourse to the detail of fieldwork carried oul by the Cambridge Archaeological Unit on two siles in southern Cambridgeshire. Since for many regions lithics provide one of the few, if only, indic.uions of the extent and character of Mesalithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age activity, their successful interpretation is of obvious importance. Frameworks for the interpretation of later prehistoric flint assemblages are well established, though tend to lay stress on aspects of technology, function and economy at the expense of social context; a fonnat that is routinely and uncritical reproduced (Bro\VTI 1995). Calls have recently been made for more ambitious approaches to the embarrassing mass of lithic data (Brown 1995; Schofield 1995), a process that will require introspective examination of the theoretical positions from which fieldwork and analysis begins. Here, it is argued that the quest is not one for improved methodologies. but fo r critical and contextually based interpretation, which is essential if we are to develop a fuller understanding of the range of past social practices that generated the lithic record. The first pan of the paper sununarises the results of developer-funded fieldwo rk undenaken by the Cambridge Archaeological Unit at two sites in the chalk 'uplands' of southern Cambridgeshire. The prehistoric archaeology of both is not exceptional, bUI can be used to illustrate interpretative problems common to li thic evidence in general. Working from the detail of the archaeology, in the second pan of the paper a number of general concerns are voiced over the interpretation of scatter data within current 'off site' and 'non-site ' models.


Spectrum management is used to improve performance in multiuser communication system, e.g., cognitive radio or femtocell networks, where multiuser interference can lead to data rate degradation. We study the nonconvex NP-hard problem of maximizing a weighted sum rate in a multiuser Gaussian interference channel by power control subject to affine power constraints. By exploiting the fact that this problem can be restated as an optimization problem with constraints that are spectral radii of specially crafted nonnegative matrices, we derive necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and propose a global optimization algorithm based on the outer approximation method. Central to our techniques is the use of nonnegative matrix theory, e.g., nonnegative matrix inequalities and the Perron-Frobenius theorem. We also study an inner approximation method and a relaxation method that give insights to special cases. Our techniques and algorithm can be extended to a multiple carrier system model, e.g., OFDM system or receivers with interference suppression capability.


SUMMARY The optimization of channel assignment in cellular mobile networks is an NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem. For any reasonable size network,only sub-optimal solutions can be obtained by heuristic algorithms. In this paper,six channel assignment heuristic algorithms are proposed and evaluated. They are the combinations of three channel assignment strategies and two cell ordering methods. What we found are (i) the of cells is a more efficient ordering method than the ; (ii) the is more suitable for systems with highly non-uniformly distributed traffic,and the strategy is more suitable for systems with less nonuniformly distributed traffic; and (iii) the strategy with is the most efficient algorithm. The frequency spans obtained using the proposed algorithms are much lower than that reported in the literature,and in many cases are equal to the theoretical lower bounds.


Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated an infrasound sensor, the Model 60 manufactured by Chaparral Physics, a Division of Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. The purpose of the infrasound sensor evaluation was to determine a measured sensitivity, transfer function, power, self-noise, dynamic range, and seismic sensitivity. The Model 60 infrasound sensor is a new sensor developed by Chaparral Physics intended to be a small, rugged sensor used in more flexible application conditions.


The conclusion of the American Revolution ended hostilities on the eastern side of the Appalachian Mountains, but a volatile and violent situation persisted in the Ohio Country. Unlike the sporadic traders, who for over a century wandered their way through the region, a new stream of settlers poured over the Ohio River, intent on becoming permanent residents. The numerous indigenous nations of the region resolved that they would not give up their homelands without a fight. As white settlers traveled down the Ohio River in 1788, Indian raiding parties destroyed white settlements with disturbing effectiveness, frequently dispatching their floating targets.1 Peace negotiations stalled as the United States failed to control its settlers, and the Indian nations failed to restrain their warriors. The ratification of the Constitution and the election of George Washington brought a new phase to the struggle for the Northwest Territory. Afraid of losing the region to Great Britain or even Spain, the new commander in chief ordered an official government campaign to subdue the hostile Indians and pacify the Ohio Country for white settlement. This would prove to be a difficult task as two different American military campaigns ended in humiliating defeats. In the autumn of 1790, Gen. Josiah Harmar led an unsuccessful attack against the Indian town of Kekionga (Fort Wayne, Indiana), where a coalition


1 HMRITM, Delhi. Abstract. Steganography is an exciting field for research providing directions for safe and secure transmission of information. The useful information needs to be concealed from the outside world. For this purpose, techniques like cryptography and steganography are instigated. Steganographic techniques are preferred now a days to keep secretive information hidden from any spy's suspicion. Images [1, 2, 3], audio [4, 5], video and text are the mediums for steganography. Among these, text steganography proves to be the most secure and trustworthy one. It is challenging to detect a text which carries a hidden message. We focus on comparing new methods being introduced in feature encoding for hiding a message by exploiting "Text Formatting". Through this paper we propose innovative techniques to use text color to hide a message which is received by the intended receiver. A comparison between three feature encoding techniques is also carried out.


A simulation study of near-field enhancement on nanoprobe irradiated by annular laser beam is reported. Various nanofabrication, such as nano-welding, nano-manipulation and nano-etching, are produced on metal, semiconductor films and bulk by using the enhanced near-field underneath a probe irradiated by a laser beam. The simulation results show that comparing with the traditional single Gaussian beam, energy distribution of annular laser beam is much more uniform. The results indicate that near-field enhancement on nanoprobe irradiated by annular laser beam is much stronger than by single Gaussian beam. In addition, the relationship between wavelength and the field-induced effect such as temperature, stress and displacement in Z axis is explored. The results show that the shorter the wavelength, the higher the temperature of the probe and the greater the change in stress and deformation. Based on the simulation of the near field enhancement and the field-induced effect, a new scheme combining with annular laser beam and a nanoprobe is anticipated in nano-fabrication.


Abstract Using the Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) process, a technique has been established to obtain SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films which showed well-shaped hysteresis curves without a postannealing process after top electrode deposition, maintaining high remanent polarization (Pr) values. RTA conditions were optimized for nucleation of SBT. The effect of a seed layer on the film properties became obvious. This process allowed top electrode materials other than Pt. High remanent polarization (Pr) values could be also obtained with Pd top electrodes.


In Kastigar v. United States, the Supreme Court held that in order to compel testimony containing self-incriminating information from a witness (1) who is not a criminal defendant and (2) has invoked the privilege against self-incrimination, the government must grant the witness immunity from "use and derivative use" of the testimony in a subsequent criminal proceeding against him. The federal circuits are split on the scope of protection afforded by this type of immunity. Some circuits construe use and derivative use immunity to prohibit any and all uses the government may make of his immunized testimony. Other circuits maintain that the immunity bans only evidentiary uses, and therefore permit all nonevidentiary uses. In the 2011 case


The evaluation of nuclear fragmentation contribution on the delivered dose during particle therapy treatment is still an open point. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment aims to improve the actual knowledge of nuclear physics by measuring the differential cross section as a function of the energy and angle of the fragments produced when an external particle beam interacts with patent tissues during hadrontherapy treatment. Depending on the beam energy, the purpose of the measurements is dual: in the range of 150–400 MeV/u, they will be used to evaluate the side effects of the nuclear fragmentation in the hadrontherapy treatment, while in the range of 700–1000 MeV/u (typical of cosmic galactic rays) they will be used to optimize the shielding of the spaceship for long term space missions. The FOOT detector includes a pre-target region with a first plastic scintillator for time of flight (TOF) and trigger purpose, and a beam monitor drift chamber to evaluate the beam direction (necessary for the inverse kinematic approach); a magnetic spectrometer to measure the momentum of fragments; and finally a second plastic scintillator for deposited energy (ΔE) and TOF measurements, and a scintillating crystal calorimeter to measure the kinetic energy of fragments. These measurements will be combined to accurately identify the charge and mass of fragments. The experiment, funded by the INFN since September 2017, is in the construction phase. It has performed several test beams, while the full detector data taking is scheduled in the next few years. A full description of the different setups together with the performances obtained with the latest geometry studies are reported here.


Which are the methods used to study a shipwreck? Which are the processes that allow nautical archaeologists to pass from the remains of an ancient ship to hypotheses of its original structure and shape? The communication adresses these main questions.


Recent rapid loss of the Arctic sea ice motivates the study of the Arctic sea ice thickness. Global climate model that describe the ice's thickness evolution, require an accurate temperature profile of the Arctic sea ice. However, measuring the complete temperature profile is not feasible due to a limited number of thermal sensors. Instead, measuring the ice's thickness is doable based on the acquisition of data from submarine and satellite devices. In this paper, we develop a backstepping observer algorithm to estimate temperature profile for the Arctic sea ice model via available measurements of sea ice thickness, sea ice surface temperature, and temperature gradient at the ice-ocean interface. The observer is designed in a rigorous manner to drive the temperature profile estimation error to zero, for salinity-free sea ice model. Moreover, the proposed observer is used to estimate the temperature profile of the original sea ice model with salinity via numerical simulation. In comparison with the straightforward open-loop algorithm, the simulation results illustrate that our observer design achieves faster convergence of the estimated temperature.


Author(s): Kim, Younghun; Schmid, Thomas; Charbiwala, Zainul; Srivastava, Mani; Burke, Jeff | Abstract: The average person is currently unaware of the real-time energy consumption for the different household appliances that he uses. At best, he can observe the monthly or bi-monthly bill indicating the total power consumption of all the appliances combined. This makes it difficult to improve the consumption efficiency, since there is no visibility in the data that he can access. We believe that real-time appliance level monitoring is necessary to allow residents to manage their energy consumption efficiently. However, monitoring end-point level power consumption is difficult to impossible with current technologies because expensive sensors, or professionally installation is necessary. In addition, device aesthetic and the inherent intrusiveness of direct in-line sensors to measure the energy usage at every end-point complicate such a system installation. Since appliances emit measurable signals when they are consuming resources, we argue that less-invasive sensors can be used for inferring real-time resource consumption. However, indirect sensors cannot be calibrated during manufacturing because of varying ambient conditions. Thus, the main challenge becomes to provide a method that autonomously calibrates the sensors. We seek to develop an easy and self-configurable monitoring system for very fine grained resource monitoring in residential spaces.


Prognostics-enabled technologies have emerged over the last few years, primarily for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM+) applications, which are used for maintenance and operational scheduling.  However, due to the challenges that arise from real-world systems and safety concerns, they have not been adopted for operational decision making based on system end of life estimates. It is typically cost-prohibitive or highly unsafe to run a system to complete failure and, therefore, engineers turn to simulation studies for analyzing system performance. Prognostics research has matured to a point where we can start putting pieces together to be deployed on real systems, but this reveals new problems. First, a lack of standardization exists within this body of research that hinders our ability to compose various technologies or study their joint interactions when used together. The second hindrance lies in data management and creates hurdles when trying to reproduce results for validation or use the data as input to machine learning algorithms. We propose an end-to-end object-oriented data management framework & simulation testbed that can be used for a wide variety of applications. In this paper, we describe the requirements, design, and implementation of the framework and provide a detailed case study involving a stochastic data collection experiment.


tencythanon-demand protocols like AODV [10] and DSR [9]because theymaintain routeinformation to Inwireless mission-critical systems, systems may allthenodesinthenetwork atalltime.Frequent softberesource-constrained including limited bandwidth, so state routing updates maintain accurate topology inminimising protocol overhead, whilst maintaining per- formation, bythedisseminating ofperiodic HELLO formance, isimportant. Proactive MANET routing messages andtopology control (TC)messages insoftprotocols tendtoprovide smaller routediscovery la- state maintenance. However, suchfrequent updates tencythanon-demand protocols because theymaintain mayimposeexcessive routing control overhead, which route information toallthenodesinthenetwork atall couldcontribute tochannel congestion anddegrade time.However, suchprotocols mayimpose excessivenetwork performance. So,proactive routing algorithms soft-state routing control overhead whichisgeneratedhaveafundamental trade-off between performance and bydisseminating periodic update messages. Inorder to routing overhead. mitigate thesideeffects ofthesoft-state control over- Therehavebeenseveral adaptive routing apheads, wepropose twoadaptive proactive routing al- proaches forMANETs [4][12] [5]. Benzaid etal[4] pregorithms, namelyDTIMIADandDTIODPU.Bytun- sented anapproach toadjust refresh frequency based ingthevalue ofrefresh intervals dynamically andauto- onnodemobility andthestatus ofneighbouring nodes. matically, refresh updates aretriggered based ontraffic Ramasubramanian etal[12] proposed azone-based hyconditions andnodemobility. We showthrough sim- bridrouting algorithm whichcombined proactive and ulations thattheproposed adaptive routing algorithmsreactive strategies. Boppanaetal[5]proposed an canoutperform atraditional proactive routing protocoladaptive Distance Vector routing algorithm byadopt(OLSR).


DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.2.10 Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer the world over. With advances in treatment and early stage detection of cancer, there are a growing number of women who survive breast cancer for many years after treatments like mastectomy and chemotherapy/radiation. A cancer diagnosis is traumatic as it can be life threatening, necessitating a reorganization of life's assumptions and goals. As survivors begin to understand their illness experience, they often re-examine the meaning they attach to their existence. Though it can be very stressful, positive transformative changes are also reported by survivors as a result of their experience with cancer. Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is most evident as positive adaptive changes seen in individuals who have struggled with highly challenging events. This growth can be described in five major domains: seeing new possibilities, changed relationships (improved), being stronger despite feeling vulnerable, greater appreciation for life, changes in spiritual and existential domains. This paper is an attempt to elaborate on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth in the context of surviving breast cancer.


that Alfred Noith Whitehead discovered in the romantic movement— the perception of a concrete, unified, thing-in-itself/' His dark heroes and heroines perhaps do react to nature in this wav. Scott's reality is a construction of society. He did not invent his kind of reality, any more than he invented political conservatism. He argues, outside the Waverley Novels, that men of property must "use their power."" That powei is not mere physical power but legal power, in essence abstract and derived from an endless series of social promises and commit ments. This reality is indeed far removed from the concrete—espe cially removed from the passions of the individual human being. In that distance the proponents of reality saw its strength. To the same degree of abstraction William Blake and other protesters on behalf of the concrete—including, to an extent, our dark heroines—attributed the weakness of science and society. We are now in a position to understand the unique character of The Heart of Mid-Lothian. In this romance the gap between concrete fact and the reality imposed by law is explicit and critical. The childmurder statute of 1690 furnished Scott with a law that presumed to as cribe real existence to a concrete event—namely, the act of murder. (A statute from the criminal code thereby took the same logical form as a physical law of science.) According to the counsel for the crown in The Heart of Mid-Lothian, "It was the very purpose of the statute to substitute a certain chain of presumptive evidence in place of a proba tion" (Ch. 23). The counsel for the defense, on the other hand, can reply that "he was so far from acknowledging the alleged probability of the child's violent death, that he could not even allow that there was evidence of its having ever lived." Clearly a legal construction of reality is pitted directly against a question of fact. The counsel for the crown summarizes the application of the statute as follows: It was not necessary . . . for him to bring positive proof that the panel [the accused] was accessory to the murder, nay, nor even to prove that the child was murdered at all. It was sufficient to support the indictment, that it [the child] could not be found. According to the stern, but neces sary severity of this statute, she who should conceal her pregnancy, who should omit to call that assistance which is most necessary on such occa sions, was held already to have meditated the death of her offspring, as an event most likely to be the consequence of her culpable and cruel concealment. And if, under such circumstances, she could not alternaScience and the Modem World (New York, 1925). ch 5.


I analyze a game in which n players must decide by majority rule how to divide a sum of money among themselves as well as a where to set a value called a on the unit interval. I interpret this second decision as a public good or ideological policy decision. Each player's preferences over this good are described by an 'ideal point' and a convex loss function which describes how much a player would be willing to pay to have the policy returned to his ideal point from any position on the unit interval. Heterogeneous ideal points allow for a much richer interpretation of equilibrium results. In particular, the question of 'who' forms coalitions in support of proposals has real meaning in this model. This stands in contrast to bargaining model when players have identical preferences and decide only how to "divide a dollar". The notion of polar coalitions, which I define to be the subsets of players to the left and to the right of the median player, is a central theme. I show that such coalitions appear to be favored in equilibrium over, for example, coalitions consisting of ideological moderates. The analysis begins by establishing several basic facts about perfect equilibria which depend only on the convexity of the loss function and are independent of the length of the bargaining horizon. I then examine more specific examples in both the finite and infinite bargaining horizon environments. For finite horizon games with two periods and quadratic loss functions, I prove that there is a unique perfect equilibrium in which the winning coalition is always polar. In the infinite horizon game, I focus on stationary perfect equilibria. A mixture of analytical proofs and numerical exercises indicate that stationary equilibria in the infinite horizon game retain also tend to favor polar coalitions, though in a slightly weakened form. 0. Introduction. The model developed in this paper has a set of players bargaining over two types of goods. The first is a pure public good which takes a value on the unit interval. An interpretation is that these players are legislators such as those in the U.S. House of Representatives or some other law-making body. Under this interpretation, the first good would be any policy variable which has a broad reaching effect and does not represent a significant transfer of wealth from one subset of congressional districts or states to any other. For example, one might think of the degree of liberalization in abortion, drug trafficking, or gun control laws. Or it could represent the relative Date: July 23, 2006. Caveats and Acknowledgements. I would like to thank the various faculty members and graduate students in the Economics Department at UW-Madison who provided me with encouragement and many helpful comments, especially Jim Andreoni, Larry Samuelson, Bill Sandholm and Peter Norman. All errors be they of logic, omission or spelling are my own. 2 A. JOSEPH GUSE shares of a fixed dollar amount allocated between two public goods. For example a value of .3 might be interpreted as investing 30% of this fixed dollar amount in Missile Defence and 70% in national parks. For this good, each player has a most preferred level referred to as an ideal point. The second good is a pot of money to be distributed among the players. The second good represents the proportion of available transferable surplus going to each player. In the legislative environment a redistribution of private wealth could be accomplished either through cash payments (e.g. social security and other welfare programs) or less obviously through spending on local public goods (e.g. federal highway spending, import tariffs on goods associated with a domestic industry concentrated in a particular geographic region, or agricultural subsidies.) It is the introduction of a public good component into the bargaining process and heterogeneous preferences over that decision which sets the model in paper apart from almost all other models of legislative bargaining. The primary advantage of modelling legislative bargaining in this way, over games where outcomes are simply allocations of wealth, is that it allows for a richer interpretation of the coalitions. If an ideal point for the public good can be interpreted as an ideological position, as it often is in the literature, then a coalition of more or less contiguous ideal points would look like a political party. Remarkably, that feature largely describes the equilibria I have identified in this paper. Hence, parties in this model are not explicitly assumed to exist, but arise endogenously as an outcome of the game. A related benefit of this approach is its potential to offer an alternative explanation to an age-old problem in political science. Why don't parties run on identical or nearly identical platforms as Hotelling's model of spatial competition would suggest? (Perhaps you think they do.) While many theories have since been put forward to explain deviations from Hotelling's prediction, most have focused on the election portion of the broader political game. The model introduced here may offer an alternative explanation. Equilibrium policy outcomes in this model as I will show tend to satisfy the preferences of polarized coalitions more than center coalitions or a median voter. This naturally will have implications for forward-looking voters who elect the legislative representatives analyzed in this paper. In a follow-up paper I address the incentives voters face in elections where outcomes are the legislatures described here. (Guse [?]) 1Of course, real world examples in either category, including the ones mentioned, will always have some flavor of the other category. For example, besides their more obvious redistributive effects, agriculture subsidies, supporters claim, preserve a way of life which might arguably be thought of as public. Conversely, the liberalization of gun control law would, no doubt, represent at least small amount of de facto wealth redistribution between states or congressional districts. However, since players in this game are bargaining simultaneously over a pure private and pure public good, any outcome in a game that involved a mixed public/private good would have an analogy in this game. A more serious criticism might be that this game discussed in this paper only allows for a single public good, though I believe it still represents a significant improvement over zero. POLAR COALITIONS IN A LEGISLATIVE BARGAINING GAME 3 The paper proceeds as follows. Section 1 reviews earlier work in the bargaining literature analyzing game with more than two players as well as earlier explanations of polarization. Section 2 describes how the basic game is set up, introduces notation common to both the finite and infinite horizon versions, and establishes some broad facts about perfect equilibria in both the finite and infinite horizon environments under a utility specification which is more general than what is assume in later sections. Section 3 is devoted to the finite horizon game focusing in particular on the 2 period game. The most interesting result concerning the composition of equilibrium coalitions appears in this section. Section 4 explores how allowing the bargaining to continue indefinitely changes the equilibrium outcome, focusing in particular on perfect stationary equilibria. The most significant contribution in this section is an equivalence lemma that shows how certain sets of equilibria have the same distribution over outcomes. Both sections 3 and 4 assume a more restrictive utility specification on which some of the results in those sections depend. Section 5 concludes. 1. Literature Review. Rubinstein's 1982 exposition of equilibria in 2-person bargaining games inspired at least two traditions in the area of legislative bargaining. Baron and Ferejohn (1989), extended the Rubinstein game to N players with the interpretation that players are legislators. Austen-Smith and Banks (1988) model, like the one presented here, includes a second policy variable beyond the distribution. Many authors writing on coalition formation since then can cite one of these two as a starting point for their model. Austen-Smith and Banks (1988) examine a broader model in the sense that it contains both voter-election stages and legislative bargaining stages. The authors are ultimately interested in how equilibrium results from one sphere influence beliefs in the other. In the legislative bargaining portion of their model, election results can be thought of as entering parametrically. During the legislative stage of their model, the bargaining proceeds in quite similar fashion as other models. A proposer proposes. If the proposal gets a majority among the members, it passes and the bargaining is concluded. If not, a different member is selected to be proposer and so on. They never allow for more than three players in the legislative bargaining portion of their model. However, unlike the Baron Ferejohn model or the one considered here, the authors interpret the decision makers as political parties, not individual members. As such, these parties in the Austen-Smith model are thought to be emerging, with varying degrees of success, from an election stage of the game. Their success from the election stage carries over into the bargaining stage in the form of voting weights. These weights are important because they determine the order in which the agent gets to be proposer. In terms of the legislative bargaining portion of their paper, the most important result is that equilibrium ruling coalitions will consist of the largest and smallest of the three parties. This 4 A. JOSEPH GUSE is consistent with a general theme running through much of this literature including the present paper, namely that being "weak" is not necessarily a disadvantage in coalition building games. Often the players one might initially think of as "weak" are attractive for their low-cost as coalition members and so ar


Involving parents enhances treatment for children who stutter. So why not include the child's siblings, friends, teachers and other communication partners?


Independently of each other so that one kind of utilization of the hydraulic actuator controlling the line pressure and the belt clamping pressure of the hydraulic control system can precisely control the line pressure and the hydraulic pressure learning belt clamping pressure. The learning method is applied to the hydraulic line pressure is arranged a control valve for controlling a line pressure control solenoid for controlling the belt clamping pressure control of the belt clamping pressure control valve hydraulic control system for the solenoid. As the belt clamping pressure control command value is outputted to the drive belt clamping pressure control solenoid drive belt clamping pressure command value, and the value of the line pressure as a control command is output to the line pressure control solenoid conduit pressure command value is learned in advance. This enables the hydraulic control system to accurately control the line pressure and the belt clamping pressure.


Shared autonomy provides a framework where a human and an automated system, such as a robot, jointly control the system's behavior, enabling an effective solution for various applications, including human-robot interaction. However, a challenging problem in shared autonomy is safety because the human input may be unknown and unpredictable, which affects the robot's safety constraints. If the human input is a force applied through physical contact with the robot, it also alters the robot's behavior to maintain safety. We address the safety issue of shared autonomy in real-time applications by proposing a two-layer control framework. In the first layer, we use the history of human input measurements to infer what the human wants the robot to do and define the robot's safety constraints according to that inference. In the second layer, we formulate a rapidly-exploring random tree of barrier pairs, with each barrier pair composed of a barrier function and a controller. Using the controllers in these barrier pairs, the robot is able to maintain its safe operation under the intervention from the human input. This proposed control framework allows the robot to assist the human while preventing them from encountering safety issues. We demonstrate the proposed control framework on a simulation of a two-linkage manipulator robot.


The river Nile i s the main s ource of potable dr inking water supply in Egy pt. River Nile wa ter showed various phytoplankton structures belonging to three main g roups, namely, Chlorophyceae (Green Algae), Cyanophyceae (Blue-Green Algae) and Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). The green algae and diatoms w ere present t hroughout t he entire period of ex amination, w ith 22 and 24 species re spectively. It may b e im portant to note that, diatoms rep resent t he most abundant gro up in a ll investigated samples. Blue-green algae were present during t he y ear with 7 species numb er. Treatment of raw w ater using two chemical coagulants, namely, aluminium sulphate and aluminium oxide remove algae by about 8 0.6% and 85.7% respectively. Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) re move the odour a nd function as c oagulant aid which enhance the algal re moval as well as d ecrease the alum dose by 5 mg/L. Moringa oleifera seeds present a viable alternative natural coagulant, which raise the removal efficiency for the three algal groups and ov er 97% algal removal was achieved.