The realignment of the Chinese social order that took place over the course of the Sung dynasty set the pattern for Chinese society throughout most of the later imperial era. This study examines that realignment from the perspective of specific Sung families, using data on two groups of Sung elites - the grand councilors who led the bureaucracy, and locally prominent gentlemen in Wu-chou (in modern China). By analyzing kinship relationships, the author demonstrates the importance of family relations in the establishment and perpetuation of social status locally and in the capital. She shows how social position was measured and acted upon, how status shaped personal relationships (and vice versa), and how both status and personal relationships conditioned, and were conditioned by political success. Finally, in a contribution to the ongoing discussion of localism in the Sung, Beverly Bossler details the varied networks that connected the local elite to the capital and elsewhere.


Recently, many artificial bee colony-based localization algorithms have been used to obtain more accurate location information. However, the situation of co-linear anchor nodes and measurement errors lead to the problem of flip ambiguities. In the current researches on the localization algorithm of artificial bee colony, the lack of detection and correction mechanism for flipped nodes causes large errors. In this paper, we propose an improved artificial bee colony localization algorithm. We firstly qualify the initial search area based on the measured distance. Then, we introduce a robustness criterion to evaluate the localization nodes, which will avoid using the possible flipped nodes as assistant anchor nodes and thus improve the localization accuracy. Simulation results show that our algorithm can effectively avoid the flip ambiguities and achieve higher accuracy than existing ABC-based and other metaheuristic-based localization algorithms.


. The present toxicity study investigated the pulpal response of an experimental u.v. light cured composite product as a Class V restorative material. Seventy-eight Class V cavities were prepared on the buccofacial surfaces of cynomolgus monkeys using a high-speed, air-water spray cutting technique. The experimental product was compared to a self-curing composite resin and a zinc oxide and eugenol formula. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 14 and 60 days.

All categories exhibited about the same minimal degree of pulpal response at the three-day post-operative interval. However, focal hemorrhage occurred in 80% of the u.v. light cured resin category. After 60 post-operative days, the u.v. cured resin specimens presented persistent or increasing responses as compared to the specimens treated with either a self-curing composite resin or zinc oxide and eugenol.

Should this u.v. light cured resin be used as a restorative material such as employed in this study, a calcium hydroxide liner is suggested in order to minimize the pulpal responses observed 60 days post-operatively.


Flexible endoscope reprocessing continues to be a major focus in infection prevention. All of the known cases of pathogen transmission during GI endoscopy have been traced to breaches in accepted cleaning and disinfection guidelines or other infection prevention practices. A revised Multisociety Guideline on Reprocessing Flexible GI Endoscopes, released in June 2011, updates recommendations from the previous 2003 edition. Among changes are more detail on reprocessing of attachments and on injection safety during endoscopy, both of which have been tied to widely publicized infection control lapses in the past few years. The guideline also airs unresolved issues such as "hang time"; that is, how long a flexible GI endoscope should be stored before needing to be reprocessed before use on the next patient, and whether to test scopes for quality assurance purposes. Eleven organizations participated in the update, led by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Others include the major GI societies, AORN, the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, the Joint Commission, and the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. Participating for the first time was the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC), representing outpatient centers.


Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations. by Richard Lynn Praeger, Westport, CT: Praeger 1996 ISBN 0-275-94917-6 In this entertaining and informative book, Lynn has pulled together the literature of human dysgenics. Here is a place to start in search of understanding man's 19th and 20th Century slow loss of intellectual and moral fitness. The heart of the book will be found in Chapters 5-8. Chapter 1: "Historical Understanding" presents a brief scientific history of eugenics. However, it makes no reference to opposition to eugenics by anthropologists beginning with Franz Boas, or to the opposition of behaviorist psychologist J.B. Watson and his followers, or to the cultural debacle in the U.S. in the 1960s, after which, dysgenics became a sinful thought. Lynn covers eugenics from 1850 to the present. Those favoring eugenics whose activities Lynn describes are: Cyril Burt, Raymond B. Cattell, Francis Crick, Charles Davenport, Charles Darwin, Ronald A. Fisher, Francis Galton, Robert Graham, J.B.S. Haldane, Julian Huxley, Joshua Lederberg, Benedict Morel, Herman J. Muller, Karl Pearson, William Shockley, Herbert Spencer, Lewis Terman, Godfrey Thomson, and Robert Yerkes. He cites the following as opposing eugenics: Walter Bodmer, Mark Haller, Launcelot Hogben, Steve Jones, Daniel Kevles, Kenneth Ludmerer, Lionel Penrose. Lynn describes as the high water mark of eugenics a 1963 Ciba Foundation conference in London, "Man and His Future," at which Nobel prizewinner geneticists Herman Muller, Joshua Lederberg, and Francis Crick strongly agreed on the reality and danger of genetic deterioration. In 1985, Kevles, one of the leading historians of eugenics, published a book, In the Name of Genetics, that ridiculed eugenics as a crackpot st religion (e.g., dubbing Karl Pearson as "Saint Biometrica"). The book was serialized in The New Yorker and described in The New York Times Book Review as a revealing study by a distinguished historian of science.1 Eugenics by then was dead. By 1990, the word itself had been expurgated from the names of journals and organizations of genetics, and the then-head of the Galton Institute, a specialist in the genetics of snails, held the view that Galton was "a fascist swine." (p. 16) Chapter 2: "Natural Selection in Preindustrial Societies." The two general principles of natural selection are high fertility and low mortality for the more fit. In hunter-gatherer societies strength, health, intelligence, and character were the keys to dominance. Leaders had access to several females. Low status males had none. In the incessant conflicts among tribes, the defeated males were killed and their females enslaved. Group qualities of strength, intelligence, and character favored genetic survival. Among pastoral and agricultural societies, intelligence and character correlated positively with the number of wives an individual might possess. As nation-states arose, social class determined the number of one's wives. King David had more than 100. Chinese emperors had hundreds of wives. Christianity struck four blows against natural selection, the first by requiring monogamy. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in 314 A.D. Monogamy preserved the property rights of the leaders to their legitimate children, while it kept the poor happy because almost every male could have a female. Celibacy imposed upon the clergy in 410 A.D. curtailed the fertility of some of the most able men. Nevertheless, the aristocrats had their mistresses. (Pope Alexander VI in the 15th Century had four children; King Charles of England had fourteen illegitimate children in the late 17th Century.) Prohibition of conception-control by the Roman Church in the late 19th Century made it difficult for the less competent to limit fertility. Lynn argues that the prohibition of abortion in the 20th Century similarly increased the fertility of the less able. …


The effect of strongly basic conditions (t-BuO−/t-BuOH/185 °C) on the exo and endo isomers of 7,7-dimethyltri-cyclo[3.2.1.02.4]octan-6-one has been examined. While the exo isomer is stable, the end...


This study attempted to know the ability of primary school teachers in applying the characteristics of mathematical operations for solving mathematics problems, and the teachers' ability in constructing mathematics problems, in which the characteristics of mathematics operations were properly taken into consideration. The study was carried out in a correlation-descriptive survey design. Four, five, and six teachers of 12 out of 50 primary schools in Kecamatan Sukarami, Kotamadya Palembang were recruited as the subjects of the study. Data were collected by using two written test batteries; one test was about the teachers' ability in solving mathematics problems, the other was on the teachers' ability in constructing mathematics problems. Results of data analysis revealed that the abilities of primary school teachers of Kecamatan Sukarami, Kotamadya Palembang were low in applying mathematical operation characteristics for solving mathematical problems in which the characteristics of mathematics operations were adequately taken into consideration. A significant correlation was also obtained for the two abilities of the teachers


This study uses an artificial grammar learning task to probe the learning of abstract morphophonological structure. Two sets of nonce words were created, one with plural forms using concatenative morphology (similar to English) and the other using non-concatenative morphology (similar to Arabic). Both sets had multiple phonologically conditioned allomorphs. Half of the participants were provided with instruction and feedback, and half were not. These results show that even minimal instruction and feedback leads to learning abstract morphological structure through the use of nonce words. While instruction and feedback at this level may not make non-concatenative morphology more straightforward to English speakers, their subconscious understanding of the morphophonological system is improved and leads to higher quality guesses on the derivations of the nonce words than on previous work with implicit learning of non-concatenative morphology alone (e.g., Drake, 2018). Feedback provides negative input for a second-language learner to narrow possibilities when following an otherwise abstract morphophonological pattern, particularly in a morphophonological system unlike that employed by their primary language.


Abstract : The central hypothesis of this paper is: the US Army can no longer afford to train its forces as it has in the past. Faced with severely escalating ammunition costs, while the ammunition budget is decreasing in real terms, plus extensive cost growth in components, spare parts, fuel and lubricants, as well as limited space in which to train, the Army must adapt a strategy of field training that relies on mechanisms other than actual expensive-to-operate combat equipment. The current training system is analyzed. Graphs and tables depict historical cost growth and experienced Army budgets. Simulation offers an alternative but the research, development and acquisition system cannot accommodate the expeditious development of critically needed simulation devices. There are major problems in the areas of timeliness of simulator developments, management diversity, funding dilemmas, and logistical support system inadequacies. Each problem is discussed and possible solutions are advanced. (Author)


In order to solve the problem about the real-time inspection and control of the bearing's position in high-speed magnetic bearing,the position data about bearing should be collected in high speed;so the conventional data-acquired system based on RS232 can not meet this demand,we make use of the characteristic of high speed,reliability,PnP of USB bus and the ISP/IAP design method of STC MCU to design this data-acquired system based on STC89C52 and PDIUSBD12,and combining the high operation speed of PC,the position of bearing is well inspected and controlled by means of acquired data using this system.


The exist ence of outliers reduces the quality of data to a great extent, and makes the corresponding results of data analysis significantly change more, which will lead to people's inaccurate judgments. In this article, we discuss the characteristics and origin of outliers, and introduce some test methods of normal distribution sample: sample quantity method, Dixon test method, Grubbs test method and Nair test method. Finally through example comparison, we have found that the test effect is associated with significant level.


To increase sheep performance and to reduce stress of various etiologies, different techniques are used in sheep breeding: highly productive stud-rams of a specialized breed are bred with the breed being improved to obtain more productive, viable offspring; some biologically active products are administered to breeding flock and weaned young sheep. One of the products is Melapol Plus based on melatonin. Melatonin is the substance of the pineal gland which performs a number of specific and vital functions, possesses antioxidant properties, produces immunomodulatory effect, affects the circadian organization of physiological functions and synchronizes the biological rhythms of the body with the rhythms of the environment. The studies were conducted in 2013-2014 on the sheep breeding farm of the OAO Plemennoy Zavod "Ovtsevod" of the Rubtsovskiy District of the Altai Region. The research involved healthy crossbred female lambs obtained from the breeding coarse-wool ewes with the stud-rams of the West Siberian mutton breed. Subcutaneous administration of Melapol Plus to crossbred female lambs at the age of 3 months at a dose of 9 capsules (Trial Group 4) per one animal (two capsules per 1 kg of live weight) produced positive effect on the increase of hemoglobin content at the end of the experiment as compared to the third, second and first groups, respectively, by 10.3%, 16.6% and 21.5% (P < 0.001). The red blood count in the female lambs of the fourth group at the end of the experiment was higher than that in the lambs of the third, first and second groups, respectively, by 16.0%, 5.6% and 14.6%. The white blood cell count in all animals in the trial groups at the beginning and at the end of the experiment were within the standard. The obtained data is indicative of more intensive metabolic processes that contribute to improved tissue respiration, increased redox processes in the female lambs of the fourth group as compared to that of other groups.


Abstract Unicompartmental replacement of the knee for isolated medial or lateral arthrosis has been a controversial procedure regarding indications, design, efficacy, and longevity since its inception in the late 1950s. While initially popular, it fell out of favor due to early failures, mostly due to progression of the disease process, loosening, and design problems resulting in polyethylene wear and loss of fixation. Technical errors and poor patient selection also contributed to poor results. The evolution of the procedure, indications, design issues, surgical technique, results, complications, and longevity is discussed. Recent renewed interest has led to refinements in design and technique. When properly indicated with a clear understanding of the requirements for success, a contemporary, well-designed unicompartmental prosthesis implanted with meticulous technique has been shown to perform satisfactorily with a high degree of patient satisfaction.


The paper emphasizes that new pedagogical possibilities are to be explored and tried. Research and development are to be focused on and at the same time the means of exchanging information among students, teachers and management on the educational institutions are to be provided. As technical universities have a research role, the academic staff are often caught between conflicting needs to conduct their research and teach students. The paper is based on the educational experience at the University Politehnica of Bucharest. It is proven that technical universities must become more involved with the other links in the Education Chain. They have a role to play in the diffusion of new e-learning technologies and should be seen as the normal base for training all teachers. Key–Words: information, technology, communication, subjects, digital, education, qualification, proficiency, competency, standards


The α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 samples ware prepared by impregnating MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O or (NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O solution and calcining at high temperature,the dispersion capacity of α-Fe2O3 on MCM-41 measured with XRD quantitative phase analysis is different,as the different raw material was used.when Fe(NO3)3·9H2O was used as raw material,the dispersion capacity is 0.58g α-Fe2O3/g MCM-41;When (NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O was used as raw material,the dispersion capacity is 0.25g α-Fe2O3/g MCM-41.It is beacause that (NH4)3·[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O can be nesolved into NH3,which can destrog the hole constraction of MCM-41.


This paper employs future response coefficient (FERC) methodology developed by Lundholm and Myers (2002) to investigate whether audit quality improves the informativeness of stock returns on future earnings. I use the choice of Big 4 CPA firms to proxy for audit quality. Using 4,154 firm-year observations collected from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database for companies listed on Taiwan Stock Exchange or Gre Tai Securities Market, for the period of 2000-2006, I find evidence that the informativeness of stock returns on future earnings, measured as the future earnings response coefficient, increase with the audit quality.


This slim volume, sliced into two equal parts, delivers a valuable service to those interested in China's incipient social security system. The first half offers a faithful and detailed recounting of the progressive, if regularly amended, movement of welfare provision (as marketization and lay-offs both proceed apace) away from one based upon disbursal by the firm to one grounded upon societal pooling (a goal far from having yet been met). It begins in 1985, and takes the story up to 1998.


Part 1 Interpretive and institutional foundations: the Supreme Court the Constitution and its interpretation. Part 2 Governmental power and relationships: judicial power separating the powers of government federalism and other limits on state authority the powers of Congress foreign affairs and national emergencies. Part 3 Liberty, community, and constitutional interpretation under the bill of rights: the Bill of Rights, incorporation, and the 14th Amendment liberty and property fundamental rights privacy and personhood the equal protection clause and racial discrimination gender, fundamental rights, and other discriminations freedom of speech freedom of religion in public and private life.


The gestalt mechanism of human perception was analyzed from aspects of perception field,gestalt perception and isomorphism;combined with three characteristics of landscape art,namely comprehensive,spatial and functional,four laws of landscape aesthetic form include sense of balance,unity in diversity,fusion of rhythm and cadence,function and form.


The dctcrmination of anesthetic gases in blood taken from patients during anesthesia has been reported in several instances (l-3). In each case, however, reservation has been made as to the accuracy of the results because of errors in the vacuum extraction method. The principal source of error has been that the volume of gas determined was not corrected for unextracted gas. This technical difficulty was recognized by the authors cited and the error which was introduced was probably of insufficient magnitude to alt,er the interpretation of their results significantly. It is felt by the authors of this paper, howcvcr, that there is a need for a method by which anesthetic gases can be accurately determined on a single sample without detracting from the accuracy of analysis for carbon dioxide and oxygen. The determination of blood gases by the Van Slyke-Neil1 manometric method (4) is based on the principle of extracting the gases from the blood and reagent in a partial vacuum. The gases are separated by absorption with specific reagents, and the volume per cent of the gas in the original blood sample is calculated from the resulting differences in pressures read on the manometer at constant volume. A correction must bc made, however, for the unextracted gas in the liquid. This is accomplished by the factor 1 + (&'&/(A S)) where A S is the volume at which extraction takes place, and S the volume of the liquid. The cr' is equivalent to X, or the Ost-


An analysis of the solvability of an inhomogeneous boundary value problem for the equations of radiative heat transfer with the Fresnel conjugation conditions is presented. The nonlocal unique solvability of the boundary value problem is proved.


Land rights are one of the rights of life of the community. This right should have been protected by the state as the implementation of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution that the earth and natural wealth in it are protected by the state and used for the people's prosperity. This right is violated by the determination of land owned by the people declared in the green zone so that its use and allocation is limited by the government. On the other hand, when the land will be used in the framework of government planning, the status of the land will change according to the interests of the government. This phenomenon illustrates that the law that should support the state to give a sense of justice to the people on the contrary makes people's rights not fulfilled. The aim to be achieved in this study is to analyze the role of the government in protecting community land rights in the green zone. This research is normative legal research. Based on the research, it was concluded that community welfare and community justice were not well accommodated by the government regarding land in the green zone because there was a lack of clear arrangements regarding the ability to transfer the land.


An in-situ investigation from high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data on the structural evolution of TmNiO${}_{3}$ and YbNiO${}_{3}$ perovskites across the metal-insulator transition, with ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$ $=$ 596 K and 598 K, respectively, allowed the charge disproportionation effect that these perovskites experience upon electronic localization below ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$ to be followed. In the insulating (semiconducting) regime, the perovskites are monoclinic, space group $P$2${}_{1}$/$n$, containing two inequivalent Ni1${}^{(3+\ensuremath{\sigma})+}$ and Ni2${}^{(3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\sigma})+}$ cations; above T${}_{\mathrm{MI}}$, the samples become orthorhombic, space group Pbnm, with a single site for Ni${}^{3+}$. The ${}^{57}$Fe M\"ossbauer spectra of iron-doped (at 1.5$%$) $R$NiO${}_{3}$ ($R$ $=$ Tm, Yb) samples recorded below ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$ exhibit for Fe1 and Fe2 (replacing Ni1 and Ni2 sites) hyperfine parameters corresponding to large (Ni1O${}_{6}$) and small (Ni2O${}_{6}$) octahedra. The remarkable difference between the quadrupole splittings (${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ \ensuremath{\approx} 0.3 mm/s and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{2}$ \ensuremath{\approx} 0.07 mm/s) of Fe1 and Fe2 sites in $R$Ni${}_{0.985}$Fe${}_{0.015}$O${}_{3}$ is analyzed. We calculate the lattice contribution to the electric field gradient (EFG) at ${}^{57}$Fe ions, and estimate, by using the experimental ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{2}$ values, the contributions of the 3$d$, 3$p$, and 2$p$ electrons (overlap distortion and covalence effects). Above ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$, a unique state for iron atoms is observed, upon metallization of the sample.


Because of the unpredictable process in electro-management,fuzzy C averaging value clustering algorithm is used to classify electrical data which are got from measurement monitor system.The calculation results show that it can effectively differentiate various electricity phenomenon.


The hurricane season of 1960 was subnorrnal from t'he standpoints of both frequency and intensity. Seven tropical cyclones developed in the Atlantic and four reached hurricane  intensity (fig. 1). However,  only  one  hurricane-Donna-was of major  intensity,  although  Ethel may have been so for a few hours. Donna was the most destructive hurricarw ever to strike Florida and one of the most damaging ever to affect the United States. I t is also believed to have caused hurricane winds over a greater proport'ion of the United States coastline t,han any other  known  hurricane.  Tropical cyclones  were well distributed throughout' the season except in Oct'obcr which was remarkably free from even the weak disturbed conditions normally observed in tlle Tropics. Tracks of theI tropical cyclones are shown in figure 1. The mean 700-mb. circulation for June [I] was att'cnded by above normal heights in t'he Atlantic over most' areas north of 30' N. and below normal  over  most, of tlle Tropics and subtropics. This circulation type is usually associated with at leist normal tropical cyclone activity. The  June cyclone (unnztrned) formed  in a manrler  described by Riehl [2] in which a u~esterly trough of large anlplit'ude extending well int'o the, Tropics fractures and the southern portion retrogrades followed by t'he development of a tropical cyloncl. Tile rn:txirnum positjive 700-mb. height anornnly in the Atlantic for July w a s about 150 feet in the middle At'lantic between 40' and 50' IC" with :t United States east coast trough of considerable  amplitude [ 3 ] . Norrrral tropical cyclone frequency in the dtlantic area during July is on15 one storm  every  two  years [4]; thus  the two tropical cyclones represent  considerably  above  norrnal  activity. Abby developed in very low latit'udcs and did not come under  t'he  influence of t'he east,  coast rough.  Indeed, much of Abby's t,rack (fig. I ) was along the lowest latitude of record for July. The formation of Brenda was rather similar to t'hat' of the unnnrned June storm. Stark [ 5 ] noted a major reversal in the large-scale 700mb. mean circulation over Nort'h America arid adj:went oceltn areas between t'he first' and last halves of August. The belt' of positive height anomdies shifted northward from 30°-400 N. during the first half to 4Oo-5O0 S. during the latter half of t'he month. Although heights remained near or above normal through most of the Tropics and subtropics-a condition not very favorable for tropical cyclone formation-the circulation during the latter half of the month more nearly conformed bo the favorable type described by Ballenzweig [6] and Cleo formed on the 18t'h. In contrast' t,o the subnormd activity in the Atlantic, t'ropical cyclone frequency in the western Pacific in August was unprecedented [ 5 ] . Eleven  storms were  reported, nine reaching typhoon intensity. A positive 700mb. hcight anornaly was located some 1000 miles east of Japan with a negative anornaly over Formosa (possibly in part due to some six tropical cyclones tracked over or near t'he area) resulting in unusually deep easterlies in the form. 'Lt ' ion area. Tropical cyclone activity was normal during September wit'h two hurricanes,  one  tropical  storm,  and  several tropical  disturbances which  moved  along pat'hs  rather sirnilar to those of Donna and Florence (fig. 1) but never resched st'ornl int'ensity. The 700-nlb. anomaly pattern in the  Atlant,ic  agreed  rather well with  the composite cllart described by Ballenzweig [7j as favorable for tropical cyclone development. The mean circulation for September WRS predorninantly one of high index and the axis of nmm TOO-Inb. zonal wind speed maximum was displaced a substantial distance north of normal over North America [8] . 'l'ropicttl cyclone act'ivity in t'he Atlantic was  nonexistent  during  Oct'ober.  The  mean  circulation for the rllontll in t'he Atlantic area was most unusual [9]. Due to blocking,  the  subtropical  ridge and rnaxirnunl westerly winds were displaced to thc south of t'heir nornlal positions. All but t'wo of the 1960 ?\Tort11 Atlant,ic tropical cyclones devcloped in or rcwlled the Gulf of Xlesico and all recurv2Ltures in thc Tropics and subtropics were west of longit'ude '70' (fig. I ) indicating an Azores-Bermuda anticyclone of consitlrr:tble constancy  and  st'rengt'h  June  through September. Dtmlage t t r d fatality statistics tire shown in table 1. Estirrltlt'es are necessarily  approximate. In Donna's darnage tot'itl for  Florida,  citrus dttnlage has not been included dthough 30 percent of t'he grapefruit and 10 percent' of t'he orangcs were lost'. The subsequent increase in citrus priccs is thoughtj tjo have compensated for the crop dan1:~ge. Insurance on~pnnies  paid off about $9O,OOo,oOO in property losses in Florida and it is esti-


In this paper, we consider an online enrichment procedure using the Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM) in the context of a two-phase flow model in heterogeneous porous media. The coefficient of the elliptic equation is referred to as the permeability and is the main source of heterogeneity within the model. The elliptic pressure equation is solved using online GMsFEM, and is coupled with a hyperbolic transport equation where local conservation of mass is necessary. To satisfy the conservation property, we aim at constructing conservative fluxes within the space of multiscale basis functions through the use of a postprocessing technique. In order to improve the accuracy of the pressure and velocity solutions in the online GMsFEM we apply a systematic online enrichment procedure. The increase in pressure accuracy due to the online construction is inherited by the conservative flux fields and the desired saturation solutions from the coupled transport equation. Despite the fact that the coefficient of the pressure equation is dependent on the saturation which may vary in time, we may construct an approximation space using the initial coefficient where no further basis updates follow. Numerical results corresponding to four different types of heterogeneous permeability coefficients are exhibited to test the proposed methodology.


An autofocus and supervisory positioning system for video- conferencing is showed. The system developed is based in diameter circle detection made by IR pointers. The IR tracks are used after they have been processed as feedforward signals.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


The existence of this village companion is expected to increase the empowerment of the community in the village. Community empowerment is the process of developing human resources or the community itself in the form of exploring personal abilities, creativity, competence and thinking power as well as good actions from the previous time, both through counseling, trainings and others. Empowerment as an effort to provide strength and ability to individuals or groups to be more empowered. The purpose of this study is the role of village assistants in community empowerment in Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency. The informant in this study was the community of F Trikoyo village, Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency. Data collection techniques using interviews. The analysis technique uses descriptions and research results, namely the role of village assistants based on Law Policy Number 11 of 2019 in F Trikoyo Village, Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency in the form of community assistance and empowerment. Although the mentoring and empowerment process has been carried out, based on the results of the study shows that the empowerment carried out in F Trikoyo Village, Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency


Language is a symbol of belonging, and a representation of community and culture. It can be considered a 'tool for communication', 'an obstructive barrier', and 'an automatic signalling system, second only to race in identifying targets for possible privilege or discrimination'. Language acts as a vital mechanism for states as it allows them to extend their reach to individuals and communities. In Thailand, the Thai language is an important aspect of national identity, as well as both the national language and the only official language in Thailand.


The second author's name was incorrectly listed. The correct name is: M. A. Sokrates Stein. The correct citation is: Stobe P, Stein MAS, Habring-Muller A, Bezdan D, Fuchs AL, et al. (2009) Multifactorial Regulation of a Hox Target Gene. PLoS Genet 5(3): e1000412. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000412


This paper explores the roles and policies of the Korea Media Rating Board (KMRB). Although the present film rating system in Korea is an ex-ante regulation, the system has been authorized by the Constitutional Court to provide information that protects children and young adults. The need for improvements to the current rating system has been emphasized for many years, yet an effective alternative to the KMRB has not been developed. By command of the government, the KMRB was established as a censorate in the 1920s. Over time, the KMRB has tried to move beyond its authoritarian roots and refashion itself as an independent rating board. Meanwhile, several businesses advised by the KMRB have come to question its policies. Since 2011, the KMRB has visited 50 elementary and middle schools annually and held a class on its film rating system that teaches students how to choose a "good" movie. In order to consider the suitability of films for various age groups, this study examines the rating systems of different countries and compares them to the one used in Korea. Also considered is the complexity of moral education (ethics) and its relation to how the KMRB's rating instruction has affected students. The article concludes with a discussion of whether it is appropriate for the KMRB to continue in its current role and whether it should play a future role in educating students.


This paper builds a finite horizon endogenous growth model by incorporating Lucas' (1988) human capital model into an uncertain lifetime framework a la Buiter (1988). Our finite horizon model has different policy implication from infinite horizon models. For example, a non-positive link between capital income taxation and economic growth in infinite horizon models does not hold in our finite horizon model. Also, our finite horizon model shows that the short-run macro management policy which has only the level effect in infinite horizon models can affect the long-run economic growth. [O4]


Plant cuticle development and metabolism are still poorly understood, partly due to the chemical complexity of the cuticular layer. The overall research objective was to broaden and deepen our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development by analyzing novel germplasm with cuticular malformations and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of the fruit epidermal tissues, as strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the recalcitrance of the biological system. During the project we succeeded in identifying two genes with major impact on cuticle development. One of these encoded the first cutin synthase to be identified in plants, a metabolic step that had been a black box in cutin synthesis. In addition genes controlling the triterpenoid components of the cuticle were identified and, most interestingly, genetic variability for this component was identified among the wild tomato species germplasm. Additional germplasm was developed based on interspecific crosses that will allow for the future characterization of modifier genes that interact with the microfissuring gene (CWP) to promote or inhibit fruit cracking. One of the major accomplishments of the joint project was the integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fruit cuticle and underlying tissues which allows for the identification of the pericarp cell layers responsible for the extracellular, cuticle-localized protein component. The results of the project have expanded our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development and its genetic control. In addition, germplasm developed will be useful in developing tomato varieties resistant to cracking, on the one hand, and varieties useful for the dehydration industry on the other.


Soil erosion from urban development and Interstate highway construction during the winter and spring of 1972 and 1973 resulted in extensive runoff pollution of Lake Jackson, a large recreational lake in northern Florida. Turbidity levels in mid-lake reached levels of 180 Jackson turbidity units, and portions of the lake reached turbidity levels exceeding 500 Jackson turbidity units. Floating silt barriers were deployed in 2 arms of the lake by the Florida Department of Transportation to abate the movement of turbid waters into the main body of the lake. Sediment core analyses were performed to determine the extent of sedimentation that had occurred, and water turbidity was monitered to determine the effectiveness of the silt barriers. Clay and silt fines were found to be the major factor in creating turbid conditions in the lake. Erosion controls were effective in controlling movement of sand-size sediments, but they were ineffective in controlling clays and silts. The silt barriers were up to 93 percent effective in preventing the movement of suspended silt and clay into the main body of the lake.


Through research of document,The client-center therapy and The psychotherapy of TCM have some relationship in the person-centered psychotherapy and nature of human,which results in the similarity on the purpose and specific treatment.But at the same time there are still differences between them two in human understanding,psychotic mechanism and treating procedures.Theorefore,to have a further comparation research will greatly benefit to the communication and mixture of different.


Good cement bonding quality is significant for an oil well to provide zonal isolation and to ensure layered exploitation. Segmented bond tool (SBT) is efficient to detect the bonding conditions between casing and cement. In order to learn more about the physical basis of the SBT equipment, the influence of debonding area on head wave is investigated. With the debonding area increasing in size from 0° to 360°, the average attenuation coefficient increases. However, the SBT can hardly be used to evaluate the bonding equality between cement and rock formation. In order to make a further usage of the tool in detecting the bonding conditions on the interface between the cement and the formation, the full waveforms are received and analyzed, propagation of guided waves both in well-bonded and debonded cased wells with channels at the cement-rock interface are studied and compared. It is realized that certain flexural mode is sensitive to the debonding between cement and rock and helps to detect the cement bond quality.


There is a widespread belief that the classical small inhomogeneities which gave rise to all structures in the Universe through gravitational instability originated from primordial quantum cosmological fluctuations. However, this transition from quantum to classical fluctuations is plagued with important conceptual issues, most of them related to the application of standard quantum theory to the Universe as a whole. In this paper, we show how these issues can easily be overcome in the framework of the de Broglie-Bohm quantum theory. This theory is an alternative to standard quantum theory that provides an objective description of physical reality, where rather ambiguous notions of measurement or observer play no fundamental role, and which can hence be applied to the Universe as a whole. In addition, it allows for a simple and unambiguous characterization of the classical limit.


In need for a common language and a tool stimulating a more holistic and longterm approach to curriculum development the Academic Development Unit of the KU Leuven developed a conceptual scheme to be used as a mindmap by all stakeholders working on curricula. Key concepts underpinning various views on curriculum development were identified from literature. Next different conceptions on curriculum design were evaluated against a set of usability characteristics resulting in the identification and visualisation of key elements describing the curriculum as a whole and the relationships between them. The scheme essentially emphasizes coherence and consistency between courses of a curriculum. Four quality circles represent several pathways to design, revise or evaluate the curriculum. The use of the scheme was evaluated in training sessions with program leaders and educational developers. The results indicate that the scheme is a useful tool to gain full insight in the complexity of the curriculum.


This study aimed to evaluate the chromite recovery from shaking table tailings of Forumad plant by a dry high-intensity magnetic separation. The average feed grade of chromium trioxide (Cr2O3) was 7.62% by XRF. Also, different mineral phases were determined by XRD, identifying the presence of Chrysotile, Augite, Albite, Chlorite and Chromite. Although the Forumad plant usually applies gravity methods utilizing the specific gravity difference between chromite and other gangue minerals, this study applied magnetic separation utilizing the paramagnetic nature of chromite crystals to recover chromite from tailings. 27 tests for 3 factors in 3 levels designed by the Taguchi method with design expert 12 software to determine the optimum conditions for the grade and recovery. Finally, the best condition was identified at 10,000 gauss (or 1 tesla) in the magnetic field intensity, 1 kg/min feeding rate, and 40 rpm drum rotating speed which produced a concentrate with 34.65% Cr2O3 and 59.42% recovery.


In this paper, a smoothing partial exact penalty function of biconvex programming is studied. First, concepts of partial KKT point, partial optimum point, partial KKT condition, partial Slater constraint qualification and partial exactness are defined for biconvex programming. It is proved that the partial KKT point is equal to the partial optimum point under the condition of partial Slater constraint qualification and the penalty function of biconvex programming is partially exact if partial KKT condition holds. We prove the error bounds properties between smoothing penalty function and penalty function of biconvex programming when the partial KKT condition holds, as well as the error bounds between objective value of a partial optimum point of smoothing penalty function problem and its 𝜖-feasible solution. So, a partial optimum point of the smoothing penalty function optimization problem is an approximately partial optimum point of biconvex programming. Second, based on the smoothing penalty function, two algorithms are presented for finding a partial optimum or approximate 𝜖-feasible solution to an inequality constrained biconvex optimization and their convergence is proved under some conditions. Finally, numerical experiments show that a satisfactory approximate solution can be obtained by the proposed algorithm.


The present invention relates to an industrial method for producing decontaminated bakery products, in particular sliced bread or the like, characterized in that it comprises the following essential steps, successive preference: (1) Preparation of a paste by mixing including the following ingredients: A. flour; Beautiful; C. optionally material (s) fat (s) added (s); D. at least one fermentation agent, E. NaCl; F. optionally sugar (s); G. at least one filler, preferably maltitol, H. at least a bread improver comprising an acid and / or acid salt and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL); I. optionally at least one low-sodium mineral mixture, preferably from milk; J. optionally one or more additives, (2) Shaping of the pulp, preferably by means of a mold, (3) Fermentation of the dough thus prepared; (4) at least partial cooking of the dough up shaped; (5) Possible cooling of bread (6) Decontamination of bread by treatment with pulsed light; (7) Possible slicing the bread (8) Conditioning, preferably sachets.L'invention also relates to an industrial bakery product without chemical preservatives type E200 or vaporization of a liquid comprising ethanol and shelf and a device for carrying out said method.


Flours processed from eight cassava roots were selected from recently developed Cassava Mosaic Disease resistant varieties (92b/00061, 95/0289, 92/0057, 96/1632, 98/0505, 97/2205, TME419 and 92/0326). They were processed into noodles adapting a locally fabricated cold extruder as a single –screw extruder. The extruded cassava noodles were cooked and subjected to expansion ratio analysis and clustering sensory studies.  There were no significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences in the expansion ratios of noodles from different varieties. However, there were significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes in expansion ratio due to processing. Those dried were about 1.98 times the diameter of the raw, while those cooked were up to 3 times the diameter of the raw. Principal component and cluster analyses of the parameters were adopted using the correlation matrix. Noodles made from 95/0289 CMD variety had the least acceptable sensory properties while those made from 98/0505 were most generally acceptable. No significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences were noticed in taste, colour and general acceptability of all the samples. The sensory evaluation of noodles made from the 8 cassava varieties produced 2 principal components which accounted for 85.80% while the functional properties explained 81.30% of the variations. The key sensory properties that made the contributions, selected from the PC analysis based on their loadings (P ≥ 0.5), were colour, taste, texture and general acceptability. The result showed that cassava flour could serve as a good substitute to wheat flour in noodle production and utilization.

 Key words: Cassava mosaic disease, cassava flour, noodles, extrusion, single-screw extruder, sensory evaluation, expansion ratio, principal components, cluster analysis, dendrogram, hierarchical tree, Eigenanalysis, correlation matrix.


Three generations of dendrimers with a fluorescent core were synthesized by attaching dendrons of the Frechet type to a dihydropyrrolopyrroledione (DPP) molecule. Samples were prepared by spin-coating a toluene solution containing 2 × 10-9 M of the dendrimers and 3 mg/mL polystyrene (MW 45 000) on a glass cover slip. By exciting near the absorption maximum of the chromophore in the dendrimer, single dendrimer molecules could be imaged via a confocal microscope. Using an electrooptical modulator (EOM) in the excitation beam path, linear polarized light with a slowly rotating polarization direction (1 Hz modulation frequency) was produced. Two APD's (avalanche photodiodes) and a polarizing beam splitter were placed in the detection path. In this way we were able to distinguish single molecules from small clusters. Furthermore, from variations of the two detected intensities and from the phase shift of the signal with respect to the modulation, it was shown that the orientation of the absorption transition d...


Cancer of the junction at the cervical and thoracic segment of the esophagus has been thought to lie beyond the scope of surgical intervention, but the author treated 6 cases of cancer of this area with one-stage operation consisting of thoracotomy, cervical and thoracic esophagectomy, total laryngectomy, elevation of the stomach in the anterior chest wall and gastrohypopharyngeal anastomosis. All patiens were able of deglutition in the early postoperative days. postoperative function studies of the recontructed food passage revealed satisfactory results, and two patients still survived and lived well for three years postoperatively.Considering the surgical methods and the postoperative functional result of so-called cancer of the cervical esophagus, in which carcinomata localized only in the cervical esophagus, by the operative method mentioned above it was feasible to minimize the possibility of leaving any remnant of cancer tissue in the cut end of the esophagus, and to remove the intrathoracic lymph nodes as much as attempted. The use of the stomach as a substitute of the esophagus was preferable because of the technical ease and of abundant blood supply as well as of elasticity of the stomach.


The purpose of the study is to conceptualize a new vision of cultural memory of Ukraine. The following special scientific research methods are applied: memorial cartography, which enables to create a kind of map of «places of memory» for a particular culture (in our case – museums); memorial political analysis helps to study the full range of official and non-official, national and regional policies of memory. Scientific novelty lies in the further development of the author's structural and functional model of the memorial landscape of Ukrainian culture as a complex, multi-layered and diverse formation and commemorative practices of its functioning on the basis of large transformations in 2013–2016. Conclusions. The study shows that the transition from mechanical combination of different chronological layers of memory to in a certain way structured system is completed. A complex of places of memory, including memorials to social and political and cultural figures and numerous monuments dedicated to Cossacks is becoming a basis of the cultural memory of Ukraine. This process may be accelerated by the well-directed state memorial practicies, the quantity, regularity and scale of which is constantly growing starting from the 2000th.


Trajectory tracking control of the non-holonomic system has attracted lots of interest recently, but little has been done in the tracking problem of the uncertain dynamic non-holonomic systems. The paper deals with the trajectory tracking problem of the dynamic non-holonomic systems with unknown dynamics. New adaptive robust controllers are proposed for globally tracking problem. The controllers of low dimension and no singular points can make the configuration state asymptotically track the desired trajectory. An application to a wheeled mobile robot is presented, and the effectiveness of the approach is verified by simulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The synthesis of 14C-labelled cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II) from [1,4-14C] D-tartaric acid is described. The overall radiochemical yield of the product in a eight-step sequence was 23.8% and radiochemical purity was 98.5%.


The aim of this thesis has been to characterise nanoparticles (NPs) to which tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was attached, as a preliminary step in their evaluation to be used for an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Parkinson's disease (PD). TH is the enzyme catalysing the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines, an important group of neurotransmitters. It converts dietary L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (LDOPA). Levels of dopamine, one of the catecholamines, are low in the brain of patients with PD. Typical treatment is the supply of L-DOPA, at least short-term it improves the patient's quality of life, but also gives side effects and motor impairment after many years of use. A transport of TH to the brain is expected to naturally increase the amount of L-DOPA and dopamine if L-tyrosine and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin are present. This was the envisioned ERT in this project. The NPs were selected based on their ability to absorb large amounts of protein, to cross an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and because they consist mainly of cross-linked maltodextrin, a biodegradable polymer. TH used in this study was recombinant human enzyme, and we found that expression of TH in a fusion protein with a ZZ-carrier as a partner protein, provided a homogeneous, active enzyme at high yield. The binding between TH and the NPs was investigated by atomic force microscopy, size determination using dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromotography. The changes in enzymatic activity of TH during a 24 hours time-lapse, were measured by an assay using radioactively labelled tyrosine, and the uptake of NP-bound TH into cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. TH was found to be absorbed into the pores of the NPs upon titration with increasing concentration of TH, which showed a small but steady increase in the size of the NPs, as well as a phase change upon atomic force microscopy visualisation. TH's enzymatic activity was initially reduced by the NPs, but on the long run stabilised by them, and even further stabilisation was obtained in the presence of oxidative protecting enzymes or when inhibited by dopamine. Confocal imaging of TH with a fluorescent label, showed that all four different cell types that were tested, could take up TH only when it was bound to NPs. These results show the potential of these NPs to deliver TH and their potential application for ERT. Front figure: PC12 cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 568 labelled tyrosine hydroxylase (red) and of which the nuclei had been stained with 4,6-diamindino-2-phenylindole (blue) before imaging with Leica TCS SP5, a confocal microscope.


We present the results of a first-principles study of the electrochemical and lithium ordering properties of spinel Li{sub x}CoO{sub 2} for {ital x} ranging from 0 to 1. The spinel form of Li{sub x}CoO{sub 2} belongs to the Fd3m space group and can accommodate Li ions in two crystallographically distinct sites: the tetrahedrally coordinated 8a sites and the octahedrally coordinated 16c sites. We have investigated a lattice model for this system derived from first principles that allows for the simultaneous occupation by Li of both these sites. The calculated voltage intercalation curve of this phase exhibits a step of more than a volt at {ital x}=1/2. This step is a result of the large stability of ordered spinel Li{sub 1/2}CoO{sub 2} in which the Li ions fill all the tetrahedral 8a sites. The remarkable stability of this ordered phase produces a sharp curvature in the free energy at x=1/2 that translates into an abrupt change in the voltage curve. As the temperature is raised, the voltage step gradually disappears as a result of the increased excitations of Li ions into energetically less favorable octahedral sites. We have also calculated the phase diagram for spinel Li{sub x}CoO{sub 2}. A miscibility gapmore » is predicted between x=0.5 and x=1.0. At x=1/4, Li is predicted to order below approximately 150 K. This ordering causes a small step of about 0.2 V similar to that observed in spinel Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} at room temperature for {ital x} in the vicinity of 1/4. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}« less


Immune infertility can affect the normal reproduction of dairy cows,seriously and it is more difficult to diagnosis it than other types of infertility.It is very important that the quantitative and qualitative analysis for the difference of AsAb between fertility and infertility cows were researched.Proteins in cervical mucus of the infertility cows and fertility cows were determined by TAT test combining with actual production results,and separated by SDS-PAGE.All of conditions were optimized.Result showed that a kind of effective method of separation of protein in dairy cows's cervical mucus by SDS-PAGE was established.The optimizing conditions were 8% separation glue,15μL sample,100V,electrophoresis for 3~4h.A protein,with the molecular weight of 22~25kDa,which preliminarily determined is AsAb Light Chain,was gotten.Infertility cows contained AsAb Light Chain in cervical mucus with 100%(24/24),and the percentage of fertility cows containing AsAb Light Chain in cervical mucus was 14.3%(2/14),but the expression level of AsAb Light Chain was lower than that of infertility cows.


Objective To find out the present situation and the influencing factors of injuries among children in kindergartens of Xuzhou city and to provide the scientific basis for adopting the effective measure to prevention. Methods A cluster sampling study on the conditions of injuries on the base of children's understanding of the investigation by questionnaires was conducted prospectively among children of 4 kindergartens during 1 year.Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. Results The overall incidence of injuries among preschool children in Xuzhou city was 15.07% with schoolboys higher than schoolgirls,which the annual overall incidence was 18.26% and 11.40% respectively.There was no difference of injuries types between schoolboys and schoolgirls.The influencing factors were associated with following aspects directly:sexuality,father's cultural degree,per capita income of the family and the children's character. Conclusion The comprehensive and secure measures should be adopted focusing on the influencing factors among preschool children to reduce the occurrence of injuries.


Objective:To evaluate video-assisted Subaxillary Minithoracotomy(VAMT) to treat spontaneous pneu-mothorax. Methods:From July 2006 to July 2009,58 cases with spontaneous pneumothorax treated by VAMT were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with that treated with anterolateral thoracotomy as a control group. Results:In the VAMT group,none case used expensive disposable consumables during surgery,all operations were performed successfully and there was no hospital death or severe postoperative complications,the follow up postoperation time was five to forty one months and none patient was recurrence. Copmpared with the control group ,the average Length of operation,the duration of incisional pain and period of hospital stay after operation was shorter(P 0. 05),the amount of blood loss in operation and postoperative complications was less(P 0. 05). Conclusions:Treatment of spontaneous Pneumothorax by VAMT has the advantages of minimal invasion,safety ,economicsal and high efficacy,which is worthfurther clinical application.


As the world experiences increased international mobility, we encounter those from different racial, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. Therefore it is increasingly crucial to examine the ways we categorize and perceive other people. The main objective of this dissertation is to examine whether language is a dimension of social categorization, and whether this affects face perception. We also examined whether language categorization interacts with race categories, and whether this interaction affects the perception of other race faces. These issues were investigated in three studies. Firstly, we used behavioral and event-related potential techniques in an oddball paradigm to test whether language categorization affects visual face perception. We demonstrated that indeed, language is used as a social category, and this categorization affects the early stages of visual perception of faces. Secondly, we examined how language interacts with race in creating social categories. By using a popular psychological paradigm called the Memory Confusion Paradigm, we establish the robustness of language categorization, and the malleability of race categorization when crossed with different language contexts. In our final study, our aim was to understand whether native and foreign accents affect the perception and recognition of other-race faces. In summary, this dissertation has examined the effect of language on face perception, and has established that language categorization is a strong and robust effect that influences face perception.


Loss less compression algorithms are employed in a wide variety of communication- and storage-related systems. Many embedded applications, such as real-time communication log compression used in automotive systems, impose strict throughput constraints on the compression unit, creating a demand for hardware-accelerated designs. In this paper we present a modification of the Adaptive Range Coding algorithm used by 7-Zip compressor implemented in an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We have improved the algorithm to support massive parallelization that allows making use of the distributed FPGA logic and achieving compression throughput of more than 50MB/s when implemented on a Virtex5 FPGA in conjunction with a hardware LZSS coder. Compared to a fixed-table Huffman encoder, our implementation provides the same high throughput and a 20% better compression ratio. Furthermore we explore several variations of algorithm parameters and show various trade-offs between compression efficiency, FPGA utilization and throughput.


In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) services have become one of the most essential parts to extend human capabilities in various fields such as face recognition for security, weather prediction, and so on. Various learning algorithms for existing AI services are utilized, such as classification, regression, and deep learning, to increase accuracy and efficiency for humans. Nonetheless, these services face many challenges such as fake news spread on social media, stock selection, and volatility delay in stock prediction systems and inaccurate moviebased recommendation systems. In this paper, various algorithms are presented to mitigate these issues in different systems and services. Convolutional neural network algorithms are used for detecting fake news in Korean language with a Word-Embedded model. It is based on k-clique and data mining and increased accuracy in personalized recommendation-based services stock selection and volatility delay in stock prediction. Other algorithms like multi-level fusion processing address problems of lack of real-time database.


Disease has long followed trade and migration pathways, although one of the disconcerting developments in the post-1980 globalization era has been the rise of pandemic risk due to inexpensive travel, mass migration, and the rapid movement of peoples worldwide. New and emergent infectious diseases (e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, Zika) co-exist with extensively drug-resistant older infectious illnesses (e.g. tuberculosis, malaria), while the spread of other endemic infections is accelerated by climate change. Antimicrobial resistance has risen near the top of global health threats, posing health security risks within and between countries. Globalization-related weakening of health systems in poorer countries heightens these risks, alongside the medical misuse of existing antibiotics and inappropriate antibiotic use in industrial husbandry (animal farming). Fears of untreatable pandemics have galvanized initiatives at international levels for tighter health regulations and reporting systems, and rapid mobilizations in cases of new outbreaks.


Although citriculture ranks high in Egypt as a superior orange producer and exporter country, citrus yield should be further optimized viamanagement of pests and pathogens that adversely affect citrus orchards. We throw light on the various groups of these citrus-damaging organisms to alarm for the significance of adopting adequate programs for their control. As many plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) species in Egypt and abroad; all but one, the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans, of which are of limited distribution, this species was addressed herein in details. The citrus nematode could significantly reduce lemon yield. Before nematicidal application, growers and stakeholders should adopt strict quarantine and seedling certification programs, consider the limiting factor principle, and use appropriate nematode sampling and extraction methods. Moreover, bionematicides should be earnestly tried among other PPN management options in order to avoid human health hazards and attain pollution-free environment. Yet, holistic management should include not only nematodes but also other pests and pathogens of citrus in Egypt. We highlighted general production practices that should adequately tackle relevant citrus problems.


Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has swept across countries worldwide. Despite an unprecedented volume of research, few drug therapies have been proved effective. The lack of evidence-based strategies entailed many practical treatments. Hypercoagulability observed in COVID-19 patients has sparked a debate in the medical community on therapeutic value of anticoagulants.Objectives. A review of up-to-date evidence supporting the therapeutic effect of unfractionated and low molecular-weight heparin as anticoagulant in treatment for COVID-19. Methods. Russian-language and foreign literature was mined in the RSCI, Scopus, PubMed, medRxiv and eLibrary databases for the years 2020–2021, with considering selected impactive publications within 1991–2019 as well. The query keywords were COVID-19, heparin [гепарин], hemostasis [гемостаз], thromboembolism [тромбоэмболия]. Peer-reviewed scientific journals received priority. Content and descriptive analytics were used as research tools.Results. The review surveyed 84 literature sources, with 51 articles selected for downstream analysis. We highlight usage of heparin and its fractions in treatment for COVID-19 and preclinical evidence verifying the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of heparin and synthetic heparin-like drugs in COVID-19. The known and plausible side effects demanding additional prospective randomised controlled trials on anticoagulant application in COVID-19 are reviewed, with an assessment of oral direct-acting anticoagulant drug efficiency.Conclusion. Drug-based therapies for haemostasis correction in COVID-19 are currently limited. The paucity of evidence warrants heparin usage as a safer therapy in acute COVID-19 compared to oral anticoagulants. However, the balance of its potential benefits vs. risks must be observed. The benefits and risk uncertainty in heparin treatment require randomised clinical trials and further studies to evaluate safety of direct-acting oral anticoagulants after the patient's discharge in COVID-19.


Firstly, the paper seeks to show that Simon's notion of bounded rationality should be interpreted in light of its connection with artificial intelligence. This connection points out that bounded rationality is a highly structured concept, and sheds light on several implications of Simon's general view on rationality, especially as regards intentionality and instrumentality. Secondly, offering four paradigmatic examples, the article presents the view that recent approaches, which refer to Simon's heterodox theory, only partially accept the teachings of their inspirer, splitting bounded rationality from the context of artificial intelligence, and substituting it with different analytical tools which help give new configurations to bounded rationality. In particular, consideration of the role of automatic, neurobiological, and unconscious mechanisms (and their interactions with deliberate reasoning) provides new perspectives on how (bounded) rationality works. The thesis is that these events can be interpreted as an implicit (and ideal) challenge for redefining what bounded rationality is.


Latin American Studies (LAST) is an interdisciplinary program designed to provide an integrated view of Latin America and the Caribbean. The program draws on faculty with expertise in Latin America whose home departments are History, Government, Economics, Hispanic Literatures & Cultures, and Theater. Courses in the humanities and social sciences taught by faculty who are not formally affiliated with the program but that are centrally concerned with Latin America are often cross-listed with Latin American Studies.


Glacier meltwater change in the north‐eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau is greatly important for the projection of the impact of future climate change on local water resource management. Although the glaciated area is only approximately 4% of the Upper Reach of the Shule River Basin (URSRB), the average glacier meltwater contribution to river run‐off was approximately 23.6% during the periods 1971/1972 to 2012/2013. A new glacier melting module coupled with the macroscale hydrologic Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC‐CAS) was adopted to simulate and project changes in the glacier meltwater and river run‐off of the URSRB forced by downscaled output of the BCC‐CSM1.1(m), CANESM2, GFDL‐CM3, and IPSL‐CM5A‐MR models. Comparisons between the observed and simulated river run‐offs and glacier area changes during the periods 2000/2001, 2004/2006, 2008/2009, and 2012/2013 suggest that the simulation is reasonable. Due to increases in precipitation, the annual total run‐off is projected to increase by approximately 2.58–2.73 × 108 m3 in the 2050s and 0.28–1.87 × 108 m3 in the 2100s compared with run‐off in the 2010s based on the RCP2.6 (low greenhouse gas emission) and RCP4.5 (moderate greenhouse gas emission) scenarios, respectively. The contribution of glacier meltwater to river run‐off will more likely decrease to approximately 10% and less than 5% during the 2050s and 2100s, respectively.


Exposure to the fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis in normal hosts causes primarily self-limited pulmonary disease. We report a case of an immunocompetent patient who developed a Coccidioides-associated iliopsoas abscess with rare intra-abdominal dissemination at least one decade after primary exposure in an area endemic for this fungus.


This study investigates the impact of human resource practices, employee remuneration and employee benefits on childcare teachers' intentions to stay in the Singaporean workforce. This mixed methods study focuses on current qualified childcare teachers, their perspectives on human resource practices, employee remuneration and employee benefits in their workplaces and their intentions regarding whether to continue working in the childcare sector in Singapore. In the first phase of the study, which was qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 current qualified childcare teachers. In the second phase of the study, which was quantitative, 202 current qualified childcare teachers in Singapore participated in a paper-based and web-based survey. The findings indicate that childcare teachers in Singapore want to be rewarded with fair human resource practices and employee wages are not the only dominant factor on the retention of childcare teachers in the Singaporean childcare industry. This study addresses a knowledge gap about childcare teacher retention in the childcare service industry in Singapore.


One of the main implications of the advances in knowledge is that we are in a context of continuous restructuring, at the national, regional, sectoral, firm, and organizational levels. Knowledge management is of large potential issue and value added to administration, governance, and application to citizens. Knowledge management is relevant as well to the information communication technology and eServices. Information Communication Technology can influence working, learning, and other processes as an enabler and/or a tool. Access to information is a power. Governments produce huge volumes of information and an increasing amount of it is available through electronic venues, the Internet, and other electronic means. Good, effective public governance helps to strengthen democracy and human rights, to promote economic prosperity and social cohesion, to reduce poverty, to enhance environmental protection and the sustainable use of natural resources and to deepen confidence in government and public administration. The aim of the thesis research, partially presented in this paper, was to study the objectives and strategic impacts that knowledge management, information communication technology, and learning organization have on the performance of public organizations. For the purposes of the study a questionnaire was drawn up. The pattern that presented survey tracked originated from a 2002 OECD survey on »Knowledge management practices for ministries/departments/ agencies of central government in OECD member states«, published on the Internet web page of the OECD. The pilot survey was sent to a collection of 288 e-mail addresses. To study the relation (correlation) diagnostics dealing with both the evaluation of the suitability of a particular model and potential effect or "influence" of each particular variable a block relationship theory (BReT) model was developed. Paper will present some of gained best practices results.


This inaugural Workshop for Young Scholars was arranged under the auspices of and with financial support from the Econometric Society and the Econometric Society Australasian Standing Committee (ESASC). Twenty-five scholars met for two days in Hamilton, New Zealand immediately following the Econometric Society Australasian Meeting which was held in Auckland over July 6–8. (A report by Les Oxley on these Econometric Society Meetings, entitled "2001 Econometric Society Australasian Meeting: Auckland," will appear in the Journal of Economic Surveys (2001), vol. 15.) The Waikato Young Scholars Workshop represented the culmination of 18 months of planning and organization following an initiative from the Executive of the Econometric Society to encourage special projects by regional committees.


Special problems relating to berthing container ships are discussed, particularly in relation to high tidal range areas. The design of the fendering system for the recently completed container terminal in Antwerp, Belgium, is the focus of the remainder of the paper. The way the various components of the fender set contribute to the energy absorption capacity is discussed in connection with the choice of an articulated fender panel. Some of the diagrams obtained from a CAD berthing simulation are presented.


This paper shows the advantages and disadvantages of using the soil interaction analysis in the Bogota zones, in medium height buildings with the concrete portals, considering variations in parameters such as; the type of foundation, the type of soil, seismic movements, rigidity and ductility. The structure used in this research will be analyzed using the interaction of the soil structure, considering the linear and non-linear behavior of the soil in the stress-strain curves, obtained from triaxial tests and numerical
Modeling in Plaxis program. Also, it will take ranks up to the inelastic range from a non-linear analysis (Push Over) in the software program ETABS. As a comparison element, in turn it will be carried out in a conventional manner with a conventional elastic analysis without considering the interaction structure, in order to compare their behavior.As seismic solicitation, the response spectra of the seismic microzoning of Bogota (Decree 523 of 2010) were used for the lacustrine zones 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500.


Agile Software Development (ASD) is often thought of as to predominantly use face-to-face communication. Research over the last years already led to adjustment of this conception. ASD also uses formal communication where it blends both traditional and agile artefacts. A next step should then be to explore the entire spectrum from informal to formal communication. This raised our research question: Which artefacts do agile teams use in between formal communication with artefacts and informal face-to-face communication? In an exploratory multiple single-case study we found 38 agile teams in as many organizations willing to participate in answering our question. The findings from our case study confirm the existence of what we called fuzzy artefacts, concepts which are not formally documented but are of such a pervasive nature that an agile team is well aware of their existence. We found in total 73 individual fuzzy artefacts in 38 agile teams. Most of them are related to requirements. Populating a product or sprint backlog with user stories equipped with priorities and efforts is another area where they were found. In this way we extended the typology of formal communication (artefacts) and informal communication (face-to-face) in ASD with an intermediate concept: fuzzy artefacts.


This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of presenteeism (i.e. being at work despite having health problems) among healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses and caregivers. We present a review of studies regarding prevalence of presenteeism as well as determinants of attending work while ill in healthcare sector. We also describe some preliminary result of a research project on presenteeism in Polish employees. Finally we discuss ethical concerns that are inevitable in case of healthcare workers, who come to work despite being ill.


Biomarker discovery has an accelerated pace is taking advantage of ever growing omics technologies. In the last years we are facing the development of a myriad of technologies searching for the "golden biomarker." The omics family is constantly adding a new member, such as genomics, proteomics, peptidomics, newer ones, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, pharmacogenomics, interactomics, and chronemics, just mentioning a few [1].


IS literature offers little theorizing on the attributes of social media useful to construct effective organizational strategy. Absent theory, there is little to guide organizations to discover the motivational, discursive, or other aspects of social media that can inform their strategy. This paper presents a revelatory case to develop an empirically-based understanding of organizational engagement in social media to motivate strategic directed actions aligned with organizational goals, and provides a strong socio-theoretic foundation for further work to integrate extant organizational and management theory with strategies attuned to specific attributes and characteristics of social media.


The work introduces a practical application of proximal (EM38-MK2) and remote (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) sensing to map homogeneous zones (HZs) of two 3.5 ha vineyards in the Chianti wine district (Italy). Two replicated HZs in each vineyard were obtained by k-means clustering of three maps: i) apparent electrical conductivity, obtained by EM38-MK2 (ECa1 0-75 cm); ii) topographic wetness index (SWI), calculated by SAGA-GIS software from the digital elevation model (DEM); iii) NDVI, extrapolated by a multi-spectral satellite image. The grapes of the selected HZs were separately harvested and vinified to test the different wine quality. The wines of the HZs were produced by the same ordinary processes of the farm cellar and all expressed high quality. However, some differences emerged between HZs, especially in terms of colour intensity, polyphenols and anthocyanins content.


Genome shuffling was utilized to screen out the thymidine phosphrylase high-product strains.Firstly,Lactobacillus brevis mutants,EA_(42) and EB_(27) strains,obtained by UV-irradiation,were served as the parents of genome shuffling breeding.The protoplasts of mutants mentioned above were irradiated by UV-irradiation for 50 min,or heated at 60℃ for60 min.Then,the inactivated parental protoplasts were fused with 40%PEG 6000 at 30℃ for 10 min.The fusants with high thymidine phosphorylase activity were as the parents for the next round of protoplast fusion.After three rounds of recursion fusion,three mutants with high thymidine phosphorylase activity and genetic stability were successfully screened.And the highest thymidine phosphorylase activity of the fusant F3-36 could reach 2.500 U/mg wet cells,which was increased by 260%than that of the original strain.


Learning is an attempt of helping teaching-learning process to achieve the objective of improving high-quality and professional learning in long term. Makeup and fashion are courses intended to Javanese language students in Veteran Bangun Nusantara University aiming to introduce Javanese culture and its application to daily life within family, society and education realm. Not only Javanese cultural preservation can be done through dance, gamelan , gendhing , and Javanese song ( tembang Jawa ), but also learning through makeup and fashion is very important as the attempt of introducing the students to fashion and makeup in Javanese custom, including wiru ( wiron ) for male and female, eyebrow shape, shading, paes shape, and kebaya , kuthu baru, stagen , selop , gelung, sunggar and etc in Javanese fashion. Preservation is very desirable to the existence of culture for the next generation, moreover Javanese Language students as the prospect teachers of language and culture that will interact directly with the students. Thus they should have a good understanding on Javanese culture in order to teach it correctly to the students.


This paper is about a sacramental play of Lope de Vega, little known and little studied: La puente del mundo . The analysis of his writing and structure is a good example of the sacramental technique at the beginning of the seventeenth century, closer to the rhetoric of the sacredness and with little relationship with an allegorical artifact full of complex references, which dominates the sacramental gender from the second half of the century with the unquestioned dominance of Calderon de la Barca.


Objective: To investigate the surgical strategies for di erentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) of the isthmus.Methods: e clinical data of 26 patients with isthmus DTC undergoing surgical treatment from January 2000 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: All of the 26 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with synchronous bilateral level VI lymph node dissection,and of them,16 cases with deep cervical lymph nodes involvement received simultaneous uni-or bilateral functional/radical neck dissection.No surgical death occurred in the entire group of patients,unilateral superior laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 1 case,unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 2 cases,transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 3 cases and permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 1 case.All of the 26 patients were followed up for one year to 12 years,and all were alive.Amongthem,7 cases developed lateral neck recurrence and metastasis,and were treated by a second radical neck dissection plus 131 I ablation.Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy with synchronous bilateral level VI lymph node dissection is an efective procedure for isthmus DTC,and functional/radical neck dissection should be done when the lateral neck node is involved.Anatomic familiarity and meticulous standardized operation are essentials for avoiding serious complications.


Sometime in the late 60's and early 70's the idea climate must have been just right for the appearance of a 'copious quantity of exterior coatings to replace stucco or other finishes that were so popular. These new coatings were easy to apply, were touted as being crack-resistant, peel-proof, waterrepellent, color-durable, and according to advertising literature were a panacea for all major and minor objections to anything currently used. Prior to the 60's, there had been exterior coatings of different formulations, with excellent records of performance, and minuscule failures. These coatings were popular because they were reliable. It must have been their success and popularity that led the


T he data is clear and, as a report in late March on hospitalized patients in China pointed before[1], there is little doubt now that, as much as it is somehow undigestible to us physicians, there is a positive effect of current smoking on the clinical outcome of Covid19 disease. As for the hypothesis, we agree that nicotine, through an as yet unknown mechanism could be responsible for that beneficial effect. T here is however a possible exlanation that needs to be taken into consideration. Indeed, we have recently proposed that asthma, and atopia in general, can be in itself an independent protective factor for the Covid-19 disease[2]. T he model we have put forward places the T h2 response as seen in those conditions at the center of this protective role. We argue that the counterbalance of the T h1/T h2 immune response in favor of the T h2 axis and its main effector cell, the eosinophil, , as seen in most asthma and atopia patients, would be a deterrent for the SARS-CoV2 virus infection as well as for the complications thereof (ARDS above all). In this regard, cigarette smoking is a well known activator of the T h2 immune axis and an inducer of tissue and systemic eosinophilia. Since nicotine has been shown to activate the T h2 branch of the immune response[3], it would be interesting to test if nicotine could mediate these effects through the tilting of the T h1/T h2 immune branches towards T h2.


Lime addition to softwater aquatic systems can shift inorganic carbon equilibrium to HCO 3 dominance by temporarily elevating pH. For submersed aquatic macrophytes restricted to free CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis, the addition of lime may be an effective means of suppressing growth and propagation. Fanwort ( Cabomba caroliniana Grey) is an invasive species to Midwestern and northeastern United States and Canada, predominantly found in low alkalinity, softwater systems, and could be susceptible to inorganic carbon limitation after lime application. Growth response of fanwort (invasive green phenotype) to hydrated lime addition was examined in replicate softwater (pH ~7; total alkalinity ~80 µM) experimental tanks to test this hypothesis. Modest lime concentrations of 55 and 160 µM were required to increase pH to 9 and 10, respectively, versus pH 7 in control tanks. Free CO 2 decreased from ~20 µM in the controls to ~0.1 and ~0.01 µM in tanks treated with 55 and 160 µM lime, respectively. Fanwort shoot biomass decreased to 36% and only 8% of the control mean biomass for tanks treated with 55 and 160 µM lime, respectively, indicating negative growth response to lime application. These patterns suggested that lime addition may be effective in suppressing fanwort growth.


The pioneering research on message passing for Java (MPJ) which started after 1995 provided a crucially important framework and programming environment for parallel and distributed computing with Java. This framework resulted in an industry standard specification and a novel MPJ-based hierarchical development methodology for a new generation of large-scale distributed systems. The invention of a novel component-based model and methodology for rapid distributed software development and execution based on the MPJ work and achievements are the core contributions presented in this paper. Based on the high-performance Java component-based model, concepts and research results, grid, cloud, and extreme-scale computing represent a fundamental shift in the delivery of information technology services that has permanently changed the computing landscape.


This paper proposes a comprehensive method for online-event clustering in videos. Adaptive Gaussian mixture model was modified to obtain consistent foreground estimates for object tracking by introducing shadow filtering, stillness handling, visual impulse removal and visual distortion filtering. Object-events were defined in terms of feature trajectories of foreground and they were modelled using the time series modelling technique. A cross-substitution based model comparison method was employed to compare the disparity between events. Spectral clustering (SC) was utilised to cluster events, and methods for SC initial parameter selection have been proposed. A method for cluster identity assignment in consecutive clustering iterations is also utilised to handle the evolving nature of the unsupervised learning methodology adopted. The proposed method is capable of producing reliable clustering results online, amidst a number of complications including dynamic backgrounds, object shadows, camera distortions, sudden foreground bursts and inter-object interactions.


Recently, convergence of techniques used in image analysis and video processing has occurred. Many computation and memory intensive image analysis methods have become available for per frame processing of videos due to increased computing power of desktop computers and efficient implementations on multiple cores and graphical processing units (GPUs). As our main contribution in this work, we solve the problem of shot boundary detection using a popular image analysis (object detection) approach: visual bag-of-words (BoW). The baseline approach for the shot boundary detection has been colour histogram and it is at the core of many top methods, but our BoW method of similar complexity in the terms of parameters clearly outperforms colour histograms. Interestingly, an "AND-combination" of colour and BoW histogram detection is clearly superior indicating that colour and local features provide complimentary information for video analysis.


This paper examines the relationship between the university and its regional context with a focus on the case of Nha Trang University and on its potential service role. While the core roles of universities are to impart knowledge and develop human capital, and to promote knowledge creation, the literature also points to its historic and contemporary responsibility to society through direct and indirect service to the community in its immediate service area. The service role includes analysis of the local economy, social/cultural systems, political and governance systems, physical environment and resource extraction. It also involves training and education outreach, applied research, leadership (e.g., faculty, staff and student participation in stakeholder groups, associations, businesses, government groups and advisory organizations). The paper presents a short description of the relationship of the university to its region in historical context. An interpretive presentation of how the University of Nha Trang could expand and define its regional role and responsibility follows the introductory material. Additional considerations include the role of leadership of the university at the interface of regional institutions and regional economic development, and the establishment of a regional research/outreach and incubation center for promotion of entrepreneurship, fisheries and other resource development initiatives and enterprises.


Computer interlocking software is a real-time and safety-critical software, which can ensure the traveling safety and improve the transportation efficiency in the railway signal computer control systems. It is of great significance to evaluate the reliability of the interlocking software before putting them into operation. Most of the existing Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) models did not fully consider the influence of the testing coverage and imperfect debugging, which may lead to undesirable results. This paper proposes a new software reliability growth model which takes characteristics of both testing coverage and imperfect debugging into account, along with the properties of computer interlocking software to better fit practical implementation. The goodness-of-fit of the new model is examined using a realistic interlocking software failure data set. Results show that compared with other existing models, the proposed model achieves a better performance in failure data fitting and in data predicting.


A serial port communication protocol based on state machine which is designed and implemented in order to solve the problems such as data transmission errors,poor reliability,low security and fault tolerance,is applied to a weighing instrument's PC communication.This paper mainly describes the serial port communication protocol data packet format and its communication state machine,and also gives some code of the protocol and algorithm flow chart Start flag,data length,calibration,and end flag are set to ensure the correctness of data transmission.And state machine is used in the data packet receiving course to simplify programming model,and improve the reliability,security and fault tolerance.


As more and more companies engage in overseas investment, there is a need for reviewing current policies to promote domestic R&D investment. This paper investigates the impacts of government policies, demand, R&D entrepreneurship, internal Scientific and Technological (S&T) knowledge, local environment and financial opportunities on private firms' R&D investment decisions. Using Taiwan's national science parks for the study, we find that demand incentives and R&D entrepreneurship are the most decisive factors, while firms' internal S&T knowledge, local research infrastructure, financial opportunities from stock markets and R&D tax credits are also influential factors in determining R&D investment. Different from previous studies focusing on R&D grants and subsidies, this research finds that the two measures are relevant but their effects are less important than the other factors stated above. The policy implication is that a modification of current technology policies is needed to incorporate the important determinants into policy designs to promote domestic R&D investment.


Arrays of high momentum microjets are used to generate single or multiple oblique shocks in the supersonic cross-flow. The shocks generated using microjets can be tailored to be parallel or coalescing depending upon the application. Flow visualization using Shadowgraph and density field measurements using Background Oriented Schlieren technique were obtained for a range of test conditions. The results obtained using the two methods are consistent and show a linear variation of oblique shock angle with microjet supply pressure up to the range tested. The density field obtained using BOS clearly shows the oblique shock generated using microjet, the jump in density across the shock, the extent of high density field and the expansion fan. There is a large historical interest towards high speed commercial travel and military combat . The high speed combat aircraft have been quite successful but one of the biggest challenges in the establishmen t of commercial supersonic travel involves dealing with the impact of associated shock system, well known as Sonic boom. Many technologies in the past have been, and are being developed to reduce the signature of sonic boom. DARPA's Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration (SSBD) program 1-2 on F-5E aircraft demonstrated the reduction in sonic boom signature by extensively modified forward fuselage and the effort was followed up by NASA's Shaped Sonic Boom Experiment (SSBE) program. Gulfstream's Quite Spike program 3-4 utilized a long telescopic fuselage extension to alter the N-wave pressure signature on F-15 aircraft. The design of a supersonic inlet has been and will continue to pose another technological challenge due to its complex flow field with multiple shocks. Inlet ramps, single or multi are offering a good percentage of pressure recovery up to certain velocities but there performance degrade at higher Mach number operations. Isentropic ramps are complicated to design and expensive to manufacture and appear sporadically in aircraft history. In traditional inlets in supersonic aircraft, the flow is decelerated through a series of oblique shock waves, which eventually terminate in a normal shock followed by a subsonic diffuser. The interaction of these shocks, e specially the terminal normal shock, results in Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions (SWBLI) inside the inlet. Such SWBLIs generally lead to degradation in the inlet performance in terms of: significant pressure losses; flow unsteadiness in the duct and on the compressor fan- face; local -or in severe cases, global separation and non-uniform flow. Consequently, the control of SWBLI for supersonic inlets is highly desirable for the present and next generation of aircraft. Traditionally this has been achieved through the use of (active or passive) bleed systems on the inlet surfaces 5-6 . Although this approach has been shown to reduce some of the SWBLI related adverse effects, the cost of such systems in terms additional weight, drag and complexity makes


Optimism for changes in regulation of the transportation sector is seen in recent deregulation of the air cargo and railroad industries and the anticipated relaxation of airlines and trucking. Congress passed a 1977 bill opening the air cargo industry to all carriers and expanding the discretion allowed operators on routes and charges. While this represents a large change for a small industry, it does demonstrate the public benefits of a free market. The Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976, on the other hand, is a minor adjustment setting new standards for railroad rates to encourage competitive pricing and making it more difficult for a company to abandon lines. Its success will encourage legislators to address air passenger service. A review of past and current airline deregulation efforts concludes that enough support has developed for at least partial success. Deregulation of the trucking industries seems less likely, no proposals now being before Congress. The progress made to date is credited to the persistent and thorough efforts of economists and scholars.


Naturally, a human can maintain focus on study for 45-55 minutes. However, many previous research works also have stated that student can only pay attention to study for 10-15 minutes, approximately. Students who study over this period may have reduced learning performance. Also, taking a break for a short period or mental break can refresh the brain in order to increase learning efficiency for those who want to continuous study. Therefore, this study performs two different methods of class conductance; 15 minutes study with 5 minutes mental break and 45 minutes study without a mental break for evaluating the Learning Performance of the student. It is related to eSense meter, which is indicated to attention and relaxation in which alterable performance. It also performs the subject test to observe the variations. It applies a statistical method, ANOVA and analysis of gain for a different demonstration between pre-test and post-test score for each group. As a result, the gain of the first group (0.3788) is higher than the second group (-0.6794). In conclusion, a short study with mental break method is better than a long study without mental break method in this study.