There have been several twin studies of both chronic fatigue andCFS (Farmer et al. 1999;Hickie et al. 1999; Buchwald et al. 2001), but no twin study of acute fatigue. Sullivan and colleagues (2003) (this issue, pp. 263–281) undertook a study of American adult twins, asking them the question: ' in the last year, have you had a time lasting at least five days when you felt tired or fatigued most of the time?' Furthermore the fatigue also had to be 'unusual and worse than the subject's baseline energy level '. Thirty-six per cent of the total sample replied affirmatively. Ten per cent also confirmed that the fatigue interfered with their normal life 'completely' or 'a lot '; thus interfering fatigue (IF) was the complaint of interest to these authors. Because the authors were aware of the likely heterogeneous nature of IF, they sensibly carried out a latent class analysis of independent variables to see if they could describe discrete populations with IF. The best solution provided five classes, which differed by gender, education, poor parenting as children, physical and mental health problems, substance misuse, life adversity and neurotic personality. Hickie and colleagues have previously shown a two class solution to the heterogeneity of chronic fatigue, using symptoms alone (Hickie et al. 1995; Wilson et al. 2001). The addition of demographic and health related factors would be expected to further delineate the clinical presentations. The intriguing findings in this study were the significant associations with different parental bonding styles, which helped to delineate more than one latent class. These data support the importance of early familial experience in determining ill health in later life (Hotopf et al. 2000). Sullivan and colleagues used three different multivariate analyses in order to allow for the heterogeneous nature of IF. Three independent variables were significant in all three analyses, and these were lifetime major depression or generalized anxiety disorder and high neuroticism. This provides some confidence that these variables are important, even though the best model only explained <15% of the variance. Six further variables were significant in two out of the three models (a reported major health problem, dissatisfaction with health,o15 sick days in bed (related to the first variable), the belief that daily activities were limited by health, alcohol misuse and any stressful life event). With the exception of alcohol misuse, all these variables have been found before to be related to chronic fatigue (Sharpe et al. 1992; Wilson et al. 1994; Clark et al. 1995; Vercoulen et al. 1996; Wessely et al. 1997), evenwhen following a corroborated virus (White et al. 2001). The surprise is that they were also so closely associated with acute fatigue. Perhaps the explanation is that the interviews were not necessarily carried out at the time of the complaint of fatigue. These associations may therefore represent either predisposing and/or maintaining factors for IF. More disabling fatigue is more likely to become persistent than the non-interfering fatigue reported by the other 26% of the sample (Vercoulen et al. 1996).


1. The side-effects following the administration of Iodoxyl and Diodone are compared. 2. For routine use Diodone is preferable, except in the case of patients giving a history of allergic disease, when Iodoxyl is advisable. 3. It is suggested that the aetiology of some of the side-effects following the use of these drugs is due to vagus preponderance. 4. It is shown that the simultaneous administration of atropine with the Diodone gives a substantial reduction in the number of side-effects encountered. 5. The use of anti-histamines is considered. The pharmacology of Benadryl in particular is briefly discussed and its peculiar advantages are indicated.


As the credit crunch bites in, are pockets of young architects reviving a battle against commodified materialism? Neil Spiller describes how he has experienced this close to home with his own class of 2009 at the Bartlett which has reactivated its own brand of Surrealist cybernetic research, inspired by Dali. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, an integrated hybrid design, consisting of two independent sets of cylinder controllers (a feedforward controller and a fuzzy tracking controller) and one coordinate fuzzy controller, is proposed for a dual-cylinder electro-hydraulic lifting system. The system, which is driven by a hydraulic oil supply, is used to achieve a synchronized positioning objective with unbalanced loadings, uncertainties, and disturbances. With the proposed controller structure, motion synchronization commands are generated by a coordinate fuzzy controller. The commands are then dispatched to the cylinder controllers. The two independent sets of cylinder controllers adaptively enforce the position-tracking commands to the individual single-rod actuators. The experimental results verify that the proposed hybrid controller structure can achieve the synchronous positioning objective of two independent, linear electro-hydraulic actuators driven by a single hydraulic oil supply. Meanwhile, the maximum synchronization error of the experimental system can be maintained within plusmn4 mm.


ABRAHAM, C. M. and SUSHILA, The Bhopal Case and the Development of Environmental Law in India 334 ARECHEOERRA, LUIS, The Death of a Bullfighter: Spanish Law on Privacy and the Right to Name and Likeness 442 BEVERIDGE, FIONA C , Taking Control of Foreign Investment: A Case Study of Indigenisation in Nigeria 302 BLACK, STEPHEN J., United States Transnational Discovery: The Rise and Fall of the Hague Evidence Convention 901 BOOYSEN, HERCULES, The Recognition of Foreign Maritime Liens in South African Law: A Final Word by the Appellate Division 151 BRERETON, PETER, Forum Non Conveniens in Australia: A Case Note on Voth v. ManUdra Flour Mills . 895 BUTLER, W. E., The 1867 Russo-Amerkan Convention: Some Textual Issues 457 CHATTERJEE, S. K., The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States: An Evaluation after 15 Years 669 CHINKIN, C. M. and SADURSKA, ROMANA, Learning about International Law through Dispute Resolution 529 DAVIDSON, J. SCOTT, Recognition of Foreign Governments in New Zealand 162 DAVIDSON, J. SCOTT, The Rainbow Warrior Arbitration Concerning the Treatment of the French Agants Mafart and Prieur 446 EVANS, MALCOLM D., Maritime Delimitation and Expanding Categories of Relevant Circumstances 1 FA, JYH-PIN, Constitutional Developments in Taiwan: The Role of the Council of Grand Justices 198 FOSTER, NIGEL, European Community Law and the Freedom of Lawyers in the United Kingdom and Germany 607 GREIC, D. W., Self-Defence and the Security Council: What Does Article 51 Require? 366 GUOJIAN, Xu, Torts in Chinese Private International Law: A Case Note 684 GUTWIRTH, SERGE and JORIS, TONY, Electronic Funds Transfer and the Consumer: The "Soft Law" Approach in the European Community and Australia 265 HATCIIARD, JOHN, The Ombudsman in Africa Revisited 937 HERVEY, T. K., Justification for Indirect Sex Discrimination in Employment: European Community and United Kingdom Law Compared 807 HIRTE, HERIBERT A., Access to the Courts for Indigent Persons: A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Framework in the United Kingdom, United States and Germany 91 IKHARIALE, M. K., The Institution of the Visitor in English and Overseas Universities: Problems of its Use in Nigeria 699 ISLAM, M. RAFIQUL, The Proposed "Driftnet-Free Zone" in the South Pacific and the Law of the Sea Convention 184 KALSHOVEN, FRITS, State Responsibility for Warlike Acts of the Armed Forces 827 KUNER, CHRISTOPHER B., The Interpretation of Multilingual Treaties: Comparison of Texts versus the Presumption of Similar Meaning 9S3 LIM, RAYMOND S. K., EEZ Legislation of ASEAN States 170 MARSTON, GEOFFREY, The Origin of the Personality of International Organisations in United Kingdom Law 403 MCGOLDRICK, DOMINIC, Canadian Indians and Cultural Rights 658 NALDI, Gion J., United Nations Seeks to Abolish the Death Penalty 948 NICHOLSON, KEVIN, Third Party Reliance on Negligent Advice 551


A blinded comparison of D -dimer test results plus results from a structured clinical assessment with duplex ultrasonographic scan-ning (DUS).


Introduction: Instruments and cameras on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover give ground truth information on chemistry, terrain, and atmospheric characteristics of the rover's traverse to Mount Sharp in the center of Gale crater. Analysis of this unique and robust data set allows for a thought experiment to determine the ability of a future robotics-assisted human mission to survive diurnal temperature changes, navigate the terrain of the Curiosity rover's traverse, and find, access, and exploit materials for in situ resource utilization (ISRU). The MSL rover has been exploring Gale crater since August 2012 and has observed many different geologic regions along its traverse to Mount Sharp, including an alluvial fan, lake sediment deposits, dunes, and exposed outcrops [1]. In-depth characterization of chemistry, morphology, and environment in Gale gives this site an advantage over others, as we will be able to target resource locations on a smaller scale that would benefit a human mission. Gale crater has ground truth on the order of a 400-micron scale up to meters-long transects along the more than 10-km path of the rover. Although the rov-er's traverse is only 10 km long, with an analysis area spanning up to 5 m on each side of the traverse, comparison of the local-scale MSL data with orbital data from Odyssey and MRO gives a much better idea of what to expect throughout a 100 km-diameter Exploration Zone (EZ) at Gale. This crater meets the general criteria for a candidate landing site, with an elevation of less than 2 km and a near-equatorial latitude of 4° S. Specific examples of MSL results leading to candidate Regions of Interest (ROIs) and an ideal location for the Landing Site (LS) as outlined in [2] are discussed below. All locations are labeled in Figure 1. Regions of Interest (ROIs). Gale has the advantage of hosting a current robotic mission that has confirmed past habitability [1]. The traverse of MSL, therefore, is the most obvious Science Region of Interest (ROI) to confirm and expand on the findings of the mission so far. Mount Sharp is the second most important Science ROI, as its layers hold evidence of past climate, chemical, and aqueous environmental conditions. Exploration of the MSL traverse and Mount Sharp will help answer the majority of the science objectives outlined in [2]. Examples of MSL findings that can be confirmed and expanded upon by further analysis during a human …


This study aims to determine and analyze strategies to improve achievement motivation and discipline of teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Besulutu Konawe Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in an effort to improve achievement motivation and teacher discipline in SMP Negeri 1 Besulutu using strategies: planning, implementation and evaluation. Achievement motivation and teacher discipline are two very important things that must be attached to an educator in an effort to realize educational goals to shape and produce students who excel and discipline.


Since the electricity sales side was released, electricity retail companies emerged in large numbers and competed with each other, and electricity customers faced diverse power supply options. High-quality power supply service is the basis for electricity retail companies to develop markets and win competition, and is also a key factor for customers to exercise their right to choose independently. This paper first analyzes the concept types of power sales companies and the connotation of power supply services, builds a power supply service quality evaluation system for power retail companies under the new power reform, then implements adaptive evaluation of lower-level evaluation systems based on BPNN, and implements comprehensive evaluation of power supply service quality based on TOPSIS The example analysis proves that the system and method have certain effectiveness, and puts forward some suggestions for the power supply service and long-term development of the electricity retail company.


AbstractA centrifuge test was carried out to investigate the response of transit tunnels in saturated soils under internal blast loading. A similar test with dry soil was conducted beforehand as a comparison. The tests were carried out with a centrifugal acceleration of 50 g to simulate the effect of blast loading from 150-kg trinitrotoluene (TNT) inside a transit tunnel of 5-m diameter. Exploded bridgewire (EBW) charges were employed as the model explosives, and the model tunnel was simulated by thin-wall aluminum tube. The model tunnels were significantly damaged by the projectiles that were part of the EBW charges. Soil liquefaction occurred in saturated soil with 150 kg of TNT exploded at approximately the center of the tunnel.


The global human population is forecast to increase by a further 3-4 billion people during this century and many scientists have expressed concern that this growth could play a key role in increasing the risk of certain adverse events (e.g., climate change, resource shortages, violent conflicts). Recent research shows that these concerns are mirrored in public risk perceptions and that individual willingness to adopt mitigation behaviors (e.g., reduce resource consumption) and preventative actions (e.g., support political action to limit growth) is positively correlated with the perceived risk of global population growth (GPG). In light of the potential importance of such behaviours/actions and their relationship to perceived risk, there is a need to better understand the factors that influence risk perceptions of GPG. To contribute to this important goal, I conducted three studies that examined how risk perceptions of GPG might be influenced by different textual-visual representations (akin to those used in popular media and internet articles) of the potential effects of GPG. Specifically, Study 1 examined the influence of narratives that describe the effects of GPG as being either predominantly positive or negative; Study 2 assessed the influence of photographic images that highlight either humanity's positive or negative influence on the natural environment; Study 3 examined the influence of graphs that depict the future size of the global population using either low, median or high variant projections (or all three). Study 1 showed that a narrative which highlights the potential negative (cf. positive) consequences of GPG leads to higher perceived risk and a greater willingness to adopt mitigation behaviours but not a greater willingness to support preventative actions. Studies 2 and 3 revealed that neither photographic images nor graph content had a significant effect on the perceived risk of GPG or on the willingness to embrace mitigation behaviours or preventative actions. However, Study 3 revealed that individuals with higher graph literacy (the ability to understand graphically presented information) perceived GPG as a significantly higher risk and were significantly more willing to support preventative actions. Across all three studies, there was a significant positive correlation between perceived risk and both the willingness to embrace mitigation behaviours and willingness to support preventative actions. These findings provide novel insights into some of the factors that can influence public risk perceptions of (and professed behavioural responses to) GPG. I will discuss how the findings might be utilised (e.g., by policy makers) to nurture a balanced understanding of the potential effects of GPG and to promote engagement in managing the associated challenges


Vertical rigidity of the space self-adaptive 530 high rigidity mill is calculated by applying the boundary element method (BEM) of three-dimension elastic contact problem,which can update the existed deforming separation calculating theory and corresponding methods of material mechanics,elastic mechanics and finite element method.The method has less hypotheses and stronger synthesis in contact-type calculating model.The advantages of the method are high calculating rate,high calculating accuracy,etc..


In this essay we present a brief description about the rural extension historical process in Brazil, about diffusionism and findings from this process. Subsequently, it will be presented a new perspective of rural extension, that searches to value the traditional knowledge of local communities, to develop a better integration of extensionists and family farmers, looking for an improvement in the services of Rural Technical Assistance-RTA , aiming at the sustainability of the productive processes and at the satisfaction of the agricultors' expectation. Next, the rural extension in the Ibitiara City, Bahia, is presented, based on a selection of the activities developed by an extensionist group, of which the first author of this paper was part, between the years 2008 and 2011. The results point to the potential of rural extension practices to improve the socioeconomic conditions of family farmers, and to reduce clientelist practices by local authorities, quite common in semiarid's small towns, and to enhance the sustainable development for the region.


Serial images obtained by meteorological satellite have both rigid and nonrigid deformations.Due to this characteristic,a hierarchical transformation model of the motion based on B-spline is introduced.The global rigid deformation of the image is mainly caused by the position changes of the sensor,and it includes rotation and shift.Cloud's distortion results in the local nonrigid deformation.The global motion of the image is modeled by an affine transformation which carries out the rigid registration.While the local image deformation is described by an improved free-form deformation(FFD) model based on B-spline.The algorithm has been applied to the fully automated registration system of nephograms,and the results clearly indicate that the approach we proposed can not only achieve sub-pixel precision,but also decrease the runtime of the process.


The method for accessing a phase change memory device is provided, wherein the first sub-plurality of bit lines are grouped into a first group of the second sub-grouped into a plurality of bit lines to a second group. At least a bit line is selected from the first and second groups; And currents are supplied to the selected bit line and the selected word line is biased. Selecting a first bit line in the first group, the first bit line in the second group, the first are arranged in a first bit line and symmetrically in the first group on the selected word line during a selected by selecting the second bit line are selected bit lines.


In the 21st century,people must work hard to perfect basic skill of teaching under the instruction of advanced teaching concept.The aim of the educational reform is to explore and create lively classroom teaching.By strengthening teaching organization and improving instructional art,students can get an overall development.


In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) is designed to detect QRS complexes in noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The CNN performs feature extraction while the LSTM determines the QRS complex timings. A multi-layer perception (MLP) after the LSTM is added to format the QRS complex detection predictions. With a unique data preparation procedure that includes proper design of training dataset, the proposed CNN-LSTM can achieve superior inter-patient testing performance, which means the testing and training datasets do not share any same patient ECG records. This generalization ability characteristic is critical to automated ECG analysis in an age of big data collected from noisy wearable ECG devices. The MIT-BIH and the European ST-T noise stress test databases are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of sensitivity (recall), positive predictive value (precision), F1 score and timing root mean square error of R peak positions.


The flux of radiation emitted from an inhomogeneous plasma by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering is calculated with a source that includes both bremsstrahlung and longitudinal plasma wave noise sources. Significant enhancement of the flux above that found for a bremsstrahlung source alone are found for stimulated Brillouin scattering and for nonthermal but stable velocity distributions.


The present study focuses on the legislative work of Alfonso X (1221-1284), "Las Siete Partidas", in which I characterize the construction of an ideal model of ruler, just and sapiential. This model is based on some historical and religious aspects that went back to, for instance, King Solomon, as one of the most mentioned exemplary rulers. Such a procedure meets the demands of the context of Alfonso X due to the broader intellectual context of the time.


One of the valuable aspects of research is that it gives time and space to stand back from the immediacies of professional life, and reflect on everyday experiences. In this way, we can question assumptions and 'make the familiar strange,' to quote one of this edition's contributors. Much of the material in this edition of the journal considers familiar aspects of primary education: literacy and numeracy; Key Stage 1 provision; special education needs; inclusion, behaviour management, independence in learning and classroom cultures. However the contributors look beyond the obvious to present valuable insights into all of these themes.


In case an information management system uses any field data with errors,it will make management mistakes and wrong decision.So it is necessary to deal with the errors and make a data reconciliation according to the pulp balance.The paper makes a comparision of the application results from the different data reconciliations applied to a pulp balance model.The reconciliations are refered to as the data reconciliation with uncertain models,the reconciliation based on a statistic test and the reconciliation with the Matlab optimization tool.The simulation shows that the data reconciliation with uncertain models has good adaptability and reconciliation ablility.


In Pakistan vegetables are grown on fairly a large area and help to fulfill the food requirements of increasing population. The average yield of vegetables in Pakistan is lower compared with the other vegetables growing countries; several reasons contribute towards this low yield such as biotic factors (diseases and pest attack), abiotic factors (low and high temperature stress, high light intensity, water scarcity, and salinity), seed quality, and potential of local vegetable's cultivars. Vegetable grafting is commercially practiced in more than 28 countries across the world. According to the best of our knowledge, up till now there is no research work or practical application of vegetable grafting in Pakistan. Thus in this review we have tried to highlight the importance of vegetable grafting, and how this technique can help uplift/boost up the vegetable sector of Pakistan. Additionally, a working model has been suggested for the development of vegetable grafting in the country. In Pakistan, vegetables such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, tomato, pepper, and bell pepper are sown in plastic tunnels during winter (November and December) to get off season/early produce, however, because of low temperature during the early crop growth period (November-February), a slow rate of growth is observed. Grafting of these vegetable onto selected low temperature tolerant rootstocks can enhance the growth and productivity of vegetables. On the contrary, watermelon, muskmelon, tomato and chilies cultivated under field conditions during the summer season (March-September) suffer from higher temperatures and water scarcity. The use of appropriate rootstocks can enhance the heat and drought tolerance of these vegetables. In short, grafting can be utilized to overcome a large number of problems associated with vegetable production in Pakistan such as soil borne and foliar pathogens, nematodes attack, low and high temperatures stress, salt and heavy metals stress, drought and flooding stress. Additionally, grafting can improve the yield; prolong harvesting period and postharvest life of vegetables, provided appropriate rootstocks are utilized. Grafting of vegetables ensures limited use of inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), thus protects environment, promotes organic vegetable production; and it can help to uplift the economic status of farmers of Pakistan. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers


CHG spectra at the second/third harmonic obtained using photoelectrons under variation of the PGM wavelength (a, b), a Czerny-Turner spectrometer equipped with an APD [9] (c), and a linear CCD array spectrometer (d). The dashed curve was measured with a smaller PGM exit slit (600 μm), yielding a smaller width (2.62 nm). Assuming a pulse duration of 50 fs, the timeCHG (at t = 0) and spontaneous emission (at t=±384ns) signal from photoelectrons detected by the DLD [11,12] at λ= 199 nm (left) and λ=133 nm (right). The ratio between photoelectron counts from a gold target due to CHG and due to spontaneous radiation was about 600 and 150 at 199 nm and 133 nm, respectively. By rewiring the poles of the chicane, thus changing the longitudinal profile of the magnetic field, a much larger transverse excursion is created which leads to higher values of r56 and dramatic increase in the CHG intensity [7].


A achieves fine color representation in dental calcination Blocked can cut dental restoration near natural colors, using CAD / CAM, colored for making dental restorations providing dental calcination block. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a dental calcination block is calcined body that is colored with a coloring material, the calcined body impregnated with coloring liquid containing a coloring material, and further, the colorant of the described a structure in which the infiltrated permeate containing colored liquid or permeate material containing a coloring material of different colors, the coloring material is infiltrated into the interior of the calcined body. .FIELD 1


Systematic sampling is a nonbiased method in recruitment selection process since it is a probability sampling. However, due to slow recruitment, we modified the systematic sampling and evaluate this technique in comparison with the conventional approach of systematic sampling. In this study, we compare results derived from analysis of few sub samples, with the true parameter from the population based on modified systematic sampling and conventional systematic sampling. We found that our modified systematic sampling is slightly better than conventional approach in systematic sampling.


HEALTH OMBUDSMAN Michael Buck- ley has criticised midwives who failed to monitor properly an 'at risk' mother in labour. Her baby needed resuscitating and suffered brain damage.


Hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier continues to attract research attention in the field of applied chemistry. One of the fundamental issues on the way to hydrogen economy is the difficulty of hydrogen storage. Physical adsorption of hydrogen in pores is a feasible and effective method of hydrogen storage. Among existing hydrogen-adsorbing materials, carbon nanostructures possess a number of advantages due to their high adsorption capacity, significant strength and low weight. In this work, we use the modern methods of quantum chemistry (DFT, SAPT0 and IGM) to study the adsorption of molecular hydrogen in a series of simulated slit-like carbon micropores with a distance between the walls of d = 4–10 Å, including the introduction of an H2 molecule into a pore, filling pores with these molecules and investigating the interactions between H2 molecules inside the pores. It was found that, depending on the value of parameter d, adsorbed hydrogen molecules form one (d = 6, 7 Å) or two layers (d = 8, 9, 10 Å) inside the pore. At the same time, for pores with small d values, high potential barriers to the introduction of H2 into a pore were observed. The decomposition of the interaction energy into components showed dispersion interactions to make a major contribution to the energy of attraction (72–82%). Moreover, an increase in the number of H2 molecules adsorbed in the pore decreases the significance of dispersion interactions (up to 61%) and increases the contribution of electrostatic and induction interactions to intermolecular attraction. Gravimetric density (GD) values were determined for pores with d = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Å, comprising 1.98, 2.30, 2.93, 3.25 and 4.49 wt%, respectively. It is assumed that the revealed peculiarities of hydrogen adsorption in pores will contribute to the use of carbon porous structures as a medium for hydrogen storage.


important, the withdrawal of as hundreds of cases, still some length of time must _ large an amount of cerebrospinal fluid as elapse before this happens, or, putting it in possible daily, 4 to 5 days. The pressure should another way, the formaldehyde keeps on exertnot be allowed to fall below 100 mm. water, to ing its deleterious action for a long time. note an d tigate be 100 ofterto From a consideration of all the facts we would dilute and mitigate the attack of the poisons on advise that the following treatment be instituted the central nervous system especially the eye.


In this issue of the Southern Medical Journal, inadvertent intravenous injection of contrast material during a cervical transforaminal injection is described. Two conclusions are drawn: Whitacre-type spinal needles do not prevent intravascular injections and a negative aspiration for blood is not a reliable sign of intravascular entry by the needle. Why would there be an editorial about this? First, it is important to raise awareness that there are an alarming number of reports of catastrophes after inadvertent intravascular injection, especially intra-arterial and intraneural injection during attempted cervical as well as lumbar transforaminal injection. Second, the concept of blunt, with respect to spinal needles designed to puncture the dura and arachnoid verus needles designed to avoid bleeding and to push aside blood vessels and nerves, not enter them, must be clarified. Cervical and lumbar transforaminal injections, usually local anesthetic and corticosteroid, are contemporary procedures used to treat certain types of pain. As early as 1989, reports of major complications associated with this treatment began to surface. The majority occurred when a depot form of steroid ("particulate") was injected intra-arterially. The needles used were not specifically designed for the procedure. In fact, thin needles used for spinal anesthesia were generally used, because they were considered to be the best choice of available needles. Reviewing the history and evolution of spinal needles reveals that the primary focus for designing spinal needle tips was to minimize the incidence of postdural puncture headaches. Terms such as "cutting" and "noncutting," "traumatic" and "atraumatic," and "pencil-point" are used to indicate design. Pencil-point tips are shaped like a sharp pencil, but some people equate pencil point to blunt point. In all cases, spinal needle tips need to be sharp enough to puncture the dura and arachnoid membranes. On the other hand, surgeons developed needles in the early 1970s that are truly blunttipped with the specific aim of avoiding bleeding and vascular entry. Using this concept, blunt-tipped needles were designed for use when performing various interventional pain treatment procedures, including transforaminal injections. In vivo testing demonstrated that blunt-tipped needles were indeed less likely than comparable gauge sharp-tipped needles to cause bleeding and would more readily brush aside blood vessels and nerves. Figure 2 of the intravascular injection report in this issue clearly shows the contrast between tips of needles designed to puncture the dura and arachnoid versus the tip of a needle intended to be used when performing transforaminal injections. As suggested by Candido et al, randomized prospective clinical trials with a large number of patients may be required to further clarify and identify the role in cervical transforaminal injections with needles designed to perforate the dura and arachnoid versus needles designed to push aside blood vessels and nerves and avoid bleeding. Until the studies are completed, what should experts do when considering transforaminal injections in the treatment of certain types of neck pain? Obviously they must proceed using their professional judgment and safeguards to avoid doing harm. There is consensus among many experts that, as a minimum, the procedures must be performed by properly trained and certified pain specialists using fluoroscopic guidance and radiopaque contrast injection to assure that needles are placed correctly and that injected fluid goes where it is intended to go. About one million blunt needles have been sold with no reports of spinal cord damage due to intravascular injection when the needles are used for transforaminal injections. The recommendation by Scanlon et al to use blunt needles for transforaminal injections and the above facts are compelling reasons for using a blunt-tipped needle designed for the procedure instead of a spinal needle.


Two decades of space research have produced ample evidence that particles and fields originating in the active Sun can gain entry into the terrestrial magnetosphere and deposit their energy in the ionosphere and atmosphere. The final link in this solar-terrestrial chain is generically referred to as magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling (MIC). Because of the far-reaching implications of recent discoveries in MIC and because a coherent assessment of them has yet to be made, the principal task is to critically assess these new observations and the new perspectives that they may engender. The MIC topics of interest are roughly grouped according to the scale lengths of the phenomena being treated. This particular choice of groupings is mainly for convenience, with perhaps some suggestion as to the direction of energy cascade from the largest scales down to the smaller scale.


The paper verifies the existence of the Flying Geese Model (FGM) in the case of inward FDI in Central European Countries (CECs) which entered the EU, in what way and to what extent FDI has contributed to the catching up, i.e. to the restructuring process and productivity growth in CECs manufacturing. The analysis shows that FDI is a very important vehicle of manufacturing sector restructuring and productivity growth in CECs, along the lines of FGM. Foreign investment enterprises are increasingly engaged in high and medium-high tech industries, much more than domestic enterprises. Also, productivity growth in CEC manufacturing is generally positively correlated with foreign penetration. However, high foreign penetration has a negative impact on productivity growth in high and medium-high tech industries. This is because foreign investment enterprises are mostly engaged in lower end technological segments of these industries and will only change when domestic absorption capacity of CECs will upgrade. At the existing stage of development in CECs, the catching up process via FDI, thus, takes place predominantly in industries at the middle of the technological intensity spectrum.


Background: Prior to opening the Cardiac Observation Unit (COU), low risk chest pain patients admitted to observation status on an inpatient unit had a mean length of stay (LOS) of greater than 24 hours. This contributed to an increased utilization of inpatient beds, increased use of Emergency Room (ED) resources, and increased diversion rate. Our objective was to provide evidenced-based expedited care for patients that met specific low risk criteria for chest pain in a 620 bed, urban, quaternary care center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Methods: A nurse-led multidisciplinary team developed a COU with the goal of significantly decreasing the length of stay for low risk chest pain patients. An algorithm, based on American College of Cardiology (ACC) criteria, was created to guide management in a closed unit. An after-hours stress test call in process was created and implemented to decrease the time from order to testing. An observational study was done to assess the impact of the COU. Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables between groups and a Chi-Square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results: There were a total of 1541 low risk chest pain discharges between 1/1/12 and 10/31/14. Of the total low risk chest pain discharges, 767(50%) were discharged after the COU opened. Of those, 305 (40%) were discharged from the COU. Patients discharged from the COU had significantly lower LOS compared to those discharged anywhere else in the hospital during the entire time-frame (13.3 ± 5.8 vs. 25.0 ± 8.1 hours, p < 0.01). Of the total patients discharged from the COU, 207 (68%) were discharged within 16 hours of admission compared to 143 (12%) activation setting (n = 59), the mean (SD) and median female E2Decide time for Primary PCI treatment of STEMI was 11.7 (14.5) and 6 minutes (n = 21) and that for males was 7.9 (11.2) and 4 minutes (n = 38). The observed difference was 3.8 minutes longer for females than males. Difference in mean log-transformed times: P = 0.351. condition (e.g. Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes). We identified a cohort of unrelated patients lacking a heritable connective tissue diagnosis despite manifesting multiple aneurysms and/or pseudoaneurysms in medium-sized arteries. We termed the condition multiple aneurysmal-pseudoaneurysmal syndrome (MAPS) and hypothesized that MAPS may be due to a novel disease gene. We utilized exome sequencing and bioinformatics to identify disease genes which contribute to risk for MAPS. Methods: Next-generation exome sequencing was performed for 15 MAPS patients and one family with multi-generational arterial aneurysms. Bioinformatics filtering of identified putative 'mutations' and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of suspicious genes were performed. Results: The familial MAPS phenotype was targeted by exome sequencing to identify candidate MAPS genes. For sporadic MAPS cases, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to search literature describing biochemical pathways between known vascular disease genes and bioinformatics-filtered candidate genes. Analysis of familial MAPS yielded 15 candidate genes, of which PCDH12 was the most promising candidate due to its respective mutation being located in an extremely conserved gene region with a high score for predictive phenotypic damage. Analysis of sporadic MAPS using IPA software identified 6 candidate genes including BAG6, PRKCD, CTNNA1, JAG1, FN1, and MMP13. Conclusion: Exome sequencing with bioinformatics filtering in the novel aneurysm phenotype, MAPS, identified several promising aneurysm candidate genes. Knock-out/knock-in animal models are being developed to further explore the relationship between candidate genes and phenotypic expression. find find out psychological characteristics of the patients having CAD and non-CAD and 2) to see the relations between the intensity of chest pain and the psychological characteristics. the exception of ECG. The frequency of the following interventions differed between patients with iNSTEMI and ddNSTEMI: stress tests (22% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), catheterization (83% vs. 76%, p = 0.243), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (52% vs. 34%, p = 0.008), advanced cardiac imaging with CT or MRI (9% vs. 4, p = 0.068), and CABG (19% vs. 15%, p = 0.601). Overall, patients with a ddNSTEMI received more in hospital eval-uations and interventions but with a lower in hospital mortality (1.4% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.508). However, the findings of statistical significance were differences in stress testing and PCI. Patients with iNSTEMI and ddNSTEMI were also analyzed according to their intervention (or lack thereof) and their cardiac risk factors were subdivided within iNSTEMI and ddNSTEMI for those who had normal coronary arteries or non-obstructive coronary arteries on catheterization, those requiring PCI, and those requiring CABG. The only significant difference found was that in the PCI subset, patients with iNSTEMI were more likely to be smokers than those with ddNSTEMI (29% vs. 9%, p = 0.013). Conclusion: Patients with a ddNSTEMI have similar patient characteristics, rates of CABG, and in-hospital mortality as those with an iNSTEMI. PCI was performed more frequently in patients with ddNSTEMI than those with iNSTEMI. these determine safe,


The outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) and associated congenital Zika syndrome in dengue virus (DENV)-endemic regions raised questions about the effects of ZIKV infection on DENV immunity and disease outcome and vice versa, which highlighted the need of serological tests that can discriminate between DENV and ZIKV infections. Previously we developed combined DENV and ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to overcome the cross-reactivity of traditional envelope protein-based serological tests (Tsai et al. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:1829). In this study, we used this assay to screen 120 serum samples collected from asymptomatic parturient women during the ZIKV outbreak in Salvador, Brazil and identified four serostatus groups. We further characterized antibody responses in 8 participants including 2 primary DENV (pDENV), 2 secondary DENV (sDENV), 1 primary ZIKV (pZIKV), and 3 ZIKV with previous DENV (ZIKVwprDENV) infections. Using depletion experiments with inactivated ZIKV and urea tests, we determined the IgG avidity to DENV. Using depletion experiments with inactivated DENV and endpoint ELISA titers, we determined ZIKV type-specific and cross-reactive antibody and found pZIKV had higher proportion of ZIKV type-specific antibody (82%) than ZIKVwprDENV (10-16%). These results were supported by microneutralization tests. Our findings suggest that combined DENV and ZIKV NS1 IgG ELISAs plus depletion experiments can delineate past and present DENV and ZIKV infections and are a potential tool to further our understanding of pathogenesis and epidemiology of DENV and ZIKV in endemic regions.
 Research supported by R01 AI11076901, R21AI135292-01A1 from NIAID, and P30GM114737 from NIGMS, NIH.


This paper presents a new knowledge fusion method with a feedback and self-adapting mechanism. Representing structure of distributed knowledge objects is uniformed by ontology technology and meta-knowledge. A detailed improved knowledge fusion algorithm based on genetic algorithm and semantic filter is described. The proposed feedback mechanism is based on message communication between knowledge space and application service, which can evaluate the fusion results and optimize the fusion process to adapt to the requirements. Experimental results of emulator procedures show the validity and feasibility of design rationale.


Under the Lancang-Mekong river cooperation mechanism, the development of cross-border e-commerce in Yunnan has brought unprecedented opportunities. The development of cross-border e-commerce is also one of the most important forms of implementing the "One Belt And One Road" initiative. At present, there are many problems in the development of cross-border e-commerce between Yunnan and the five Lancang-Mekong countries. Combining the status quo of cross-border e-commerce development in Yunnan, The study believes that the establishment of a cross-border e-commerce customs clearance system in the region, the establishment of a cross-border e-commerce logistics system in the region, the construction of a cross-border e-commerce cooperation park in the region, the construction of a cross-border e-commerce talent training base in the region, and the strengthening of cross-border The promotion and promotion of e-commerce is a factor that promotes the innovative development of cross-border ecommerce in Yunnan.


The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [Formula 1] ] Relates to a novel method for producing compounds, the compounds are useful in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent.


The present investigation aimed to isolate the causative agents of onion purple blotch disease and evaluate the efficacy of certain plant extracts against the pathogen in vitro and under greenhouse condition. Antifungal activity of some aqueous plant extracts (Azadirachta indica Cydonia oblonga Datura stramonium Eucalyptus globulus Foeniculum vulgare Ocimum basilicum Rosmarinus officinalis and Salix mucronata) was assayed in vitro by well diffusion technique. The data indicated that there were significant differences between these extracts in their effect on fungal growth of Altenaria porri and the best were A. indica and D. stramonium. Under greenhouse condition the application of aqueous extract of A. indica either before or after 48h of A. porri inoculation, produced the highest reduction in disease severity comprising 70% and 74.7% respectively. According to our results it can be concluded that plant extracts of A. indica and D. stramonium can be used for the management of purple blotch disease in onion.


The human brain has difficulty localizing sound in aquatic environments, where the acoustical properties of water greatly impede the mechanisms by which the brain interprets binaural signals. In this experiment, a hollow steel sphere with antipodal hydrophones is exposed to noise bursts in an underwater environment. The sphere can be filled with various materials to alter the apparatus' rigid qualities. Interaural time and level differences (ITDs and ILDs, respectively) are calculated from recordings of these noises and compared to a theoretical model for sound propagation around a non-rigid head in an effort to better characterize binaural hearing in underwater surroundings. While the theoretical behavior of sound diffracting around a rigid head has been well documented, the similar problem involving a flexible head has largely been left to experimental methods due to the computational complexity of the task. In the current study, a new computational model, capable of predicting ITDs and ILDs for sounds encountering a non-rigid sphere in diverse environments, is used. Both the model and the experiment will be introduced in this presentation. The findings have significant implications for the future development of reliable methods for improving sound localization in underwater environments, for instance for recreational divers.


In the study,forty-five sunit post-pregnancy ewes(90~150d) were divided randomly into four groups,and offered different nutrition level(ME:0.20,0.33,0.44,0.86MJ·kg-1·W-0.75·d-1).After parturition,the compensatory growth was studied to investigate the metabolic laws of Ca,P and N of sunit post-pregnancy ewes of different nutrition restriction level during the initial stages of nutrition compensatory(0~6th works after parturition).The results showed that during the initial stages of nutrition compensatory the value of Ca and P balance increased,while the value of N balance decreased,with the decrease of the nutrition-restricted level.


Kim, Shinhye. (2015). Demotivation and L2 motivational self of Korean college students. English Teaching, 70(1), 29-55. Recent L2 motivation research has paid attention to the dynamic nature of motivation and to the process of motivational changes in L2 learning. While studies have mostly focused on the factors positively influencing L2 motivation, relatively little research has been conducted on the factors that influence learner demotivation. In this light, the study examined the factors affecting Korean college students' demotivation and their reaction to demotivation by drawing on the notions of ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self in Dornyei (2005, 2009). Based on interviews with twenty-nine Korean college students, three factors were identified as demotivating factors: lack of meaningful purpose, lack of improvement and success experiences, and lack of self-determination. It was noted that the conflict between the students' desire to use English for communication and the immediate need to gain good scores on standardized tests was the main source of learner demotivation. However, the students with a strong ideal L2 self were more successful in setting personalized goals and participating in personally meaningful activities when demotivating factors were present. The findings indicate the importance of learners' ability to visualize their ideal L2 self in overcoming demotivation and remotivating themselves. Key Words: demotivation, ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, interviews


The throttle valve has a piston which is displaceable against a counter-force by pressurized medium and having a throttle point. DOLLAR A For the throttle valve can be manufactured at low cost with a simple structure and compact training is associated with it a pressure relief valve as a precursor. The pressure relief valve has a piezoelectric actuator with a piezoelectric element, which is connected to a plunger. This holds a valve body in a closed position. The piezo drive has a simple structure consisting of only a few components and can therefore be manufactured inexpensively. DOLLAR A The throttle valve is preferably suitable for high-pressure diesel pumps at injectors in motor vehicles.


• landlords letting apartments unfit for habitation, exploiting their tenants and judged responsible for serious health damage to tenants; • children begging in the streets and ending up in paedophilia networks; • homeless people 'deported' by the police to remote offices, or freezing to death in the streets of Brussels; • electricity or gas supplies being suspended during Winter despite legal bans; • public welfare offices imposing unacceptable conditions, over and above legal conditions, on applicants for the guaranteed minimum income – or humiliating applicants up to the point that the latter renounce their rights; • public administration offices simply erasing categories of poor people from applicant registers after some time as a means of 'filtering' their clientele; • underage asylum seekers being detained in closed centres, with no access to education; • schools referring able and healthy pupils to special education because of their social or ethnic background; • hospitals declining patients who are unable to advance a security; • children taken away from their family for reasons of material deprivation, etc. Much of the work carried out by grassroots organisations is concerned with analysing the 'illegitimacy' and 'incoherence' of such situations: identifying the rights that have been denied or disregarded, demonstrating the causes and mechanisms at stake as well as their effects on human dignity, identifying responsibilities and making proposals for improvement.


The Saharan Atmospheric Boundary Layer (SABL) structure, dynamics, thermodynamics and composition over the Central Sahara, associated with several concomittant dust lifting processes observed/modelled on 21 June 2011, in the framework of the FENNEC 2011 Special Observing period, are analysed. The aerosol optical depth on that day was in excess of 3. On the morning of June 21, dust lifting occurred at the passing of the African Easterly Waves over Mauritania with dust being raised by cold-pools issued from convective systems having developped the previous day. Behind this wave, the harmattan flow was channeled between the Hoggar and the Atlas and also generated dust. The dust production was amplified when this flow experienced further constriction between dusty density currents flowing down the Atlas slopes and an intense monsoon pulse from the west of the Hoggar also generating much dust. Two aircraft (the SAFIRE Falcon and the FAAM BAe 146)operated over Mauritania and Mali on that day enabled to document the complex interactions between the monsoon flow, the intertropical front, the density currents from the Atlas, in the SABL. AROME operational simulations werealso used to analyse how the different air masses have interacted to form the observed complex multi-layer dust structure in the SABL. Afternoon Falcon 20 and BAe 146 flights sampled the growth of the SABL. A clear influence of the cold pool and the dusty layers above can be observed on the developpement of the boundary layer. Finally, two AROME simulations (one with and one without prognostic dust) were used to investigate the influence of the complex dust layers on the dynamics/thermodynamics of the developping convective boundary layer over the Central Sahara.


This research implements an inquiry into theoretical financial models and their related applications to intellectual capital (intangible expenditures) in accounting financial statements. Intellectual capital differs from intangible property in that intellectual capital has not yet been documented in the form of patents, copyrights, trademarks, or other specific balance sheet assets (intellectual property). Intellectual capital is indicative of expenditures of a discovery or development nature that has yet to prove its usefulness to the corporation or its marketability to external parties. A random sample of 28 companies was selected from the top Fortune 100 as defined by revenues, using an Internet random number generator. Rather than using earnings to compute capitalization rates, cash flow from operations is used as the surrogate. The rationale is that cash flow is not as easily manipulated as earnings and is not subject to changing accounting rules. Cash flow is critical to corporate survival and so is its funding of development for intangibles. Stock prices are unstable; they even might be categorized as "chaordic." Accounting information provides us with historical cost in a global economy where future inventions and implementations of creative, instantaneous ideas are the foundation for new wealth. Discount rates from four models (capital asset pricing model, weighted average cost of capital, Ibbitson, Black/Isom) are applied to the cash flow from operations stream of the sample firms to determine an estimate of the unrecorded intellectual capital.


Numerical simulation of two-dimensional turbulent reacting flows has been done using point implicit finite volume method. This method treats all chemical species terms implicitly and all other terms explicitly. Solver is based on the solution of unsteady, compressible, turbulent Navier-Stokes equations, using Unstructured Finite Volume Method (UFVM) incorporating RNG based κ-ε two equation model and time integration using three stage Runge-Kutta method. Reaction of hydrogen with air is modeled using an eight-step reaction mechanism. The preconditioning has found to be effective in overcoming the stiffness in chemically reacting flows. The method is validated against a standard coaxial jet hydrogen-air combustion experiment. The predicted values of temperature and species production were in good agreement with experimental results.


Abstract: Brainstem nuclei serve a diverse array of functions in many of which ionotropic glutamate receptors are known to be involved. However, little detailed information is available on the expression of different glutamate receptor subunits in specific nuclei. We used RT‐PCR in mice to analyze the glutamate receptor subunit composition of the pre‐Bötzinger complex, the hypoglossal nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the inferior olive. Analyzing 15 receptor subunits and five variants, we found all four α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) and six NMDA receptor (NR) subunits as well as three of five kainate (KA) receptors (GluR5, GluR6, and KA1) to be expressed in all nuclei. However, some distinct differences were observed: The inferior olive preferentially expresses flop variants of AMPA receptors, GluR7 is more abundant in the pre‐Bötzinger complex than in the other nuclei, and NR2C is most prominent in the nucleus of the solitary tract. In single hypoglossal motoneurons and interneurons of the pre‐Bötzinger complex investigation of GluR2 editing revealed strong expression of the GluR2‐R editing variant, suggesting low Ca2+ permeability of AMPA receptors. Thus, Ca2+ ‐permeable AMPA receptors are unlikely to be the cause for the reported selective vulnerability of hypoglossal motoneurons during excitotoxic events.


1. The post-war Constitution 2. The judiciary and private rights 3. Crisis of 1890s 4. The new jurisprudence 5. The due process dialectic 6. Federal police power 7. Rooseveltian progressivism 8. The Lochner incident 9. Court and Constitution in crisis 10. Taft and the Republican crack-up 11. Wilsonian progressivism 12. The new freedom 13. The new Wilson 14. The Great War 15. The return of the regular republicans 16. The Taft court 17. The last progressive 18. The New Deal 19. To the brink 20. The Second New Deal 21. The court fight 22. The abortive Third New Deal 23. The New Deal court.


Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder featuring recurrent, unprovoked seizures, which affect more than 65 million people worldwide. Here we discover that the PKHD1L1, which is encoded by polycystic kidney and hepatic disease1-like 1 (Pkhd1l1), wildly distributes in neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Disruption of PKHD1L1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus leads to increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. The disturbance of PKHD1L1 leads to the overactivation of the MAPK/ERK-Calpain pathway, which is accompanied by remarkable degradation of cytoplasmic potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) level together with the impaired expression and function of membrane KCC2. While the reduction of membrane KCC2 is associated with the damaged inhibitory ability of the vital GABA receptors which ultimately leads to the significantly increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Our data, thus, indicate for the first time that Pkhd1l1, a newly discovered polycystic kidney disease (PKD) association gene, is required in neurons to maintain neuronal excitability by regulation of KCC2 expression in CNS. A new mechanism of the clinical association between genetic PKD and seizures has been built, which could be a potential therapeutic target for treating PKD-related seizures.


Based on a field experiment of nitrogen fertilizer application in cotton fields under drip irrigation in South Xinjiang, effects of nitrogen application on dynamics of soil Nmin during cotton growth season and soil NO3--N residue after harvest of the crop were studied. Results showed that with the nitrogen application rate ranging between N 225 ~ 337.5 kg/hm2, soil Nmin (NO3--N mainly) accumulated mainly in the 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer after the flowering stage and the amount of NO3--N residue in the plow layer after the crop was harvested varied with application rate. Based on soil NO3--N residues and cotton yields of various treatments, an optimum range of nitrogen application rate is determined to be in the range from N 180 to 225 kg/hm2 for cotton under drip irrigation to gain high yield while leave less NO3--N residue in the soil in South Xinjiang.


Biochemical changes in the mycelial mat of Penicillium digitatum resistant and sensituve to thiophanate methyl were compared. Total sugars, total amino acids, total phenols, crude protein, DNA and RNA content was found to be more in resistent isolate than that of the sensitive one. Infection of sweet orange rind by both the resistant and sensitive isolate reduced all the biochemicals studied. However, this reduction was less due to infection by resistant isolate when compared with infection by sensitive isolate.


Conventional concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension in order to overcome the weakness steel reinforcement is being provided. Researches attempted to inherit the tensile property by introducing synthetic fibres such as poly propylene, asbestos etc., and steel fibres, but they are expensive. Hence they are attempting to use the natural fibres such as straw, elephant grass, palm leaf, coconut coir etc. to incorporate tensile strength in conventional concrete. So that the traditional steel reinforcement on concrete can be reduced. In this research, sisal is being used in concrete. The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively. INTRODUCTION Fiber reinforcement in concrete, mortar and cement paste can enhance many of the engineering properties of the basic materials, such as fracture toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and spalling. Fibers have always been considered promising as reinforcement of cement based matrices because of their availability and low consumption of energy. Short discrete vegetable fibres namely sisal, coir and jute have been examined for their suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical properties of this fibre have shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Sisal is a natural fiber obtained from a plant which look like gaint pineapples, and during harvest the leaves are cut as close to the ground as possible. The soft tissues are scrapped from the fibers by hand or machine. The fibers are dried and brushes remove the remaining dirt, resulting in a clean fiber. Sisal produces strudy and strong fibers. Sisal is one of the prospective reinforcing materials that its use has been more experiential. Sisal represents the first natural


Being a follower is not an option for a group of countries that have become accustomed to being considered as leaders in economic terms, social achievement, education, accumulation and implementation of knowledge and high-tech development.


Since the date of the last published statistics of this colony
in 1849, upwards of four years ago, the changes that have
taken place in the fortunes of Australasia, by the magnificent
gold discoveries in New South Wales and Victoria, and
slightly shared in by Tasmania, have invested the authentic
records of the progress made by even the smallest and
weakest of the group with an interest, not only in the eyes
of those locally concerned, but in the estimation of the whole
civilized world. Secondary as she may be in point of size, and comparatively
insignificant as she certainly is in extent of population,
yet it may be affirmed that, of all the colonies planted in
this hemisphere, Tasmania more fully displays the verisimilitude
which would justify the appellation of the Britain
of the South.


ABSTRACT The extent that postharvest processing parameters influence the sensory quality of cooked rice is not well known. In this investigation, the effects of drying conditions, final moisture content, and degree of milling on the flavor of rice varieties Bengal, M-401, and Koshihikari were determined by descriptive sensory analysis. No trends were observed indicating an increase or decrease in flavor attributes with increased drying temperatures (18–60°C). Intensities of desirable and undesirable flavor attributes were higher in rice dried to 15% moisture compared to 12% moisture. The effects of deep-milling on flavor attribute intensities were dependent on moisture content and variety or location.


Vaswani, P. K. T.; Cameron, J. B. The National Physical Laboratory Experiments in Statistical Word Associations and Their Use in Document Indexing And Retrieval. National Physical Lab., Teddington (England). COM-SCI-42 Apr 70 171p. EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC -$6.58 *Cluster Grouping, *Indexes (Locaters) , *Indexing, *Information Retrieval, *Search Strategies, Word Frequency The experiments involved 11,571 abstracts (with titles), 1,000 key-word stems and 93 search requests. Measures of word association are derived in several ways from the numbers of documents in which two given words co-occur, and measures of similarity from the numbers of words associated with both. Word clusters with different degrees of overlap are derived from the resulting networks of word connections for use as document descriptors. All are employed in retrieval and their performance analyzed. Two new measures, sensitivity and coverage, reflect the variation in a strategy's performance from request to request. The best strategy depends on the user's requirements. For a single strategy key-words are simplest but the quantities of output are erratic and may usefully be controlled according to word associations. If two strategies can be used key-words alone may be followed by associations, yielding in a similar output quantity 30% more relevant documents. The corresponding use of clusters is marcinally better but unlikely to justify its extra cost. (Author) -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL HAS TEEN GRANTED BY NcLio rs ck l -Ph`U)s 4.ai. Lab, TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE US OFFICE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REOUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER" NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN STATISTICAL WORD ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR USE IN DOCUMENT INDEXING AND RETRIEVAL


This text provides a brief essay on the development and emergence of kinetic archisculpture with reference to the history of artistic practice and kinetic development through art and architecture over a period of 18th century to date. Special emphasis is given to the consideration of kinetic incidence of archisculpture objects as more and more present phenomenon of innovative language of contemporary architecture from the end of last and the beginning of this century. It also points to the long historical path of the earliest experiences of movement in art to the modern study of the kinetics value which increasingly manifests now certain interactive archisculpture of modern kinetic architectural structure .


The present invention relates to a composition useful in preventing hair loss and seborrheic and treatment, kelrin, bis Nadine, by S. cool, such as coumarin or Lau Basin, vincamine, such sideugwa alkaloids and derivatives thereof are related to new compositions in combination with unsaturated and saturated fatty acid will be.


The modified Rackett equation represents a simple and very widely used method to predict saturated liquid volumes. In addition to being fairly accurate, this equation is mathematically continuous and renders expressions for first and second derivatives of saturated liquid volume needed for computations of thermodynamic properties such as enthalpies and heat capacities from certain liquid state equations of state that use saturated liquid volume. The objective of this work is to further enhance the applicability of the modified Rackett equation by developing a correlation for the parameter Z{sub RA} with Van der Waals volume of the molecule and with a volume parameter calculated by summing the UNIFAC volume parameters (R) of individual groups making up the molecule. The data used in this work included 124 compounds classified into various families. These compounds included high molecular weight aromatics and heterocycles, phenols, and some amines.


The rate of reaction of ceric nitrate with the 1,2-glycol units and the alcohol units of polyvinyl alcohol was determined at 20°C. It was found that the glycol units are oxidized much faster than the alcohol units even though they are outnumbered about one hundred to one in the polymer chain. Under the conditions studied, at least 83 glycol units reacted per 100 hours oxidized. Since the oxidation of the glycol units is accompanied by chain splitting, the free radicals are produced predominantly at the fragments end.


The refractive indices of the ternary A^{I}B^{III}C_{2}^{VI} semiconductors CuAlSe 2 , AgGaSe 2 , CuGaSe 2 , and AgInSe 2 have been measured over most of the transparency range of these crystals. The optical nonlinear coefficients for second-harmonic generation of AgGaSe 2 CuGaSe 2 , and AgInSe 2 have also been measured. Three-frequency colinear phase matching is analyzed in detail for AgGaSe 2 . The birefringences of the other three crystals are not sufficient to permit three-frequency colinear phase matching within the range of the measured index. The merits of AgGaSe 2 for nonlinear optical applications are evaluated in comparison with other promising infrared nonlinear materials.


The value of online world-of-month (WOM) is well recognized but far from being fully explored. This paper examines the value of WOM on service oriented product sales by using volume, valence and negative percentage of online review as measurements. Mean while, this paper proposes that price has a moderate effect on WOM value realization, Empirical finding of this study, which is based in the restaurants' reviews data from Dianping.com, the biggest restaurant review website in China, verifies significant impacts of volume, valence and negative percentage of online review on product sales, and supports the hypotheses that product price has a moderate effect on WOM value.


The traditional dwelling of Korea typically consists of various buildings symbolizing different dignity respectively. They needed to design a building in accordance with its dignity grade. As widely known, Chinese has established building design standard since ancient age including size gradation in house building designs. As far as in korea, very few researchers have paid attention to hierarchical design of buildings in traditional dwelling. This paper is a case study to find the possibility of design standard for hierarchical gradation of building based on the traditional dwelling 'Woonkang house'. This paper compared the sizes of major elements of every building and analyzed the differences in terms of building hierarchy. The result were as follows: 1) The case did not show any evidence of gradation similar to the chinese building standard 2) The facade elements of buildings show size differentiation very clearly according to the hierarchy of buildings. 3) The sizes of structural members, except facade column, did not depend on the building hierarchy. 4) The height of columns and the sizes of Kan did not according to the hierarchy of building, but the widths of buildings show similar gradation to facade elements.


Objectives. This paper addresses Grid-based in5 tegration and access of distributed data from infectious dis6 ease patient databases, literature on in-vitro and in-vivo phar7 maceutical data, mutation databases, clinical trials, simulations 8 and medical expert knowledge. Methods. Multivariate analyses 9 combined with rule-based fuzzy logic are applied to the inte10 grated data to provide ranking of patient-specific drugs. In addi11 tion, cellular automata-based simulations are used to predict the 12 drug behaviour over time. Access to and integration of data is 13 done through existing Internet servers and emerging Grid-based 14 frameworks like Globus. Data presentation is done by standalone 15 PC based software, Web-access and PDA roaming WAP access. 16 The experiments were carried out on the DAS, a Dutch Grid 17 testbed. Results. The output of the problem-solving environ18 ment (PSE) consists of a prediction of the drug sensitivity of the 19 virus, generated by comparing the viral genotype to a relational 20 database which contains a large number of phenotype-genotype 21 pairs. Conclusions. Artificial Intelligence and Grid technology 22 is effectively used to abstract knowledge from the data and pro23 vide the physicians with adaptive interactive advice on treatment 24 applied to drug resistant HIV. An important aspect of our research 25 is to use a variety of statistical and numerical methods to iden26 tify relationships between HIV genetic sequences and antiviral 27 resistance to investigate consistency of results. 28


Objective: To compare minimally invasive (MILR) and open liver resections (OLRs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Background: Liver resections for HCC on MS are associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality. No data on the minimally invasive approach in this setting exist. Material and Methods: A multicenter study involving 24 institutions was conducted. Propensity scores were calculated, and inverse probability weighting was used to weight comparisons. Short-term and long-term outcomes were investigated. Results: A total of 996 patients were included: 580 in OLR and 416 in MILR. After weighing, groups were well matched. Blood loss was similar between groups (OLR 275.9±3.1 vs MILR 226±4.0, P=0.146). There were no significant differences in 90-day morbidity (38.9% vs 31.9% OLRs and MILRs, P=0.08) and mortality (2.4% vs 2.2% OLRs and MILRs, P=0.84). MILRs were associated with lower rates of major complications (9.3% vs 15.3%, P=0.015), posthepatectomy liver failure (0.6% vs 4.3%, P=0.008), and bile leaks (2.2% vs 6.4%, P=0.003); ascites was significantly lower at postoperative day 1 (2.7% vs 8.1%, P=0.002) and day 3 (3.1% vs 11.4%, P<0.001); hospital stay was significantly shorter (5.8±1.9 vs 7.5±1.7, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: MILR for HCC on MS is associated with equivalent perioperative and oncological outcomes to OLRs. Fewer major complications, posthepatectomy liver failures, ascites, and bile leaks can be obtained, with a shorter hospital stay. The combination of lower short-term severe morbidity and equivalent oncologic outcomes favor MILR for MS when feasible.


The capabilities that Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision can provide to intelligent robotic systems is well recognized and as a result it is the subject of topical research in recent years. This paper will provide a broad review of the progress which has been made in applying deep learning and vision sensor data for the autonomous navigation of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The current state-of-the-art techniques are compared in terms of their performance, implementation and deployment and performance. An outline of some of the most popular types of computer vision techniques is provided, as well as insights into how the recent availability of 3D vision systems can be exploited in the domain.


Purpose

In today's highly competitive business environment, the main approach of all businesses is to optimally provide customers' requirements and gain their satisfaction and trust. The process of value creation for customers consists of value chain activities which are concentrated on providing maximum level of customers' needs. The purpose of this paper is to propose a holistic model by which the quality, the transferred value to customers and the firm's competitive advantage would be improved simultaneously under budget constraint.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a combination of several quality management (QM) tools including SERVQUAL, Kano's model, quality function deployment and knapsack problem. Moreover, the triangular fuzzy logic is used throughout the model to address data uncertainty and increase the model flexibility. The proposed model includes five steps which are implemented in the case study of life-insurance services.

Findings

The lack of coordination and cooperation between the people working in the inherently related sections leads to incorrect decisions and also the failure in implementation of adopted decisions. Hence, the interface between quality and strategic management should be well considered in organizations. The model generates an integrated vision to the process of decision making in this interface. The framework has several significant outcomes which would be used by both researchers and practitioners.

Research limitations/implications

The study shows that the individual elements of decision-making process in the interface between quality and strategic management are related to each other, recommending the need to coordinated and consistent effort between different parts of a firm. The results are limited by the sample size and geography of the survey.

Originality/value

This paper is among the few in the literature that have presented a holistic and step-by-step approach to the decisions on the intersection between two areas of quality and strategic management, recommending the managers to not have insular look to the issues and try to make a sufficient and efficient relationship between the different sections. This study is an important step in reflecting these relations and the need to create an integrated decision model.


From the point view of the control of practical systems, the concepts of satisfactory control, estimation and modeling reduction, and its expected performance index set and equivalent performance index set are introduced in detail. Then a brief review of research achievements in this new area is given. Finally the problems for further consideration in satisfactory control and estimation are proposed.


Catholics and Francophone Catholics in Quebec and New Brunswick? McGowan insists that, in encountering "the French fact," Ontario Irish Catholics shed their ethnicity and abandoned their coreligionists in Quebec, doing so in the hope that they could retain a distinctive Catholic ethos in an Englishspeaking, British-oriented dominion, c) But did they succeed? The author is intellectually honest enough to raise the question in his conclusion. Yes, secondand third-generation Irish Catholics had moved up in York county, but at what price? Had they adapted too much to the Protestant, liberal culture of Toronto (Quebecois called them "petite orangistes")? Had they therefore relegated their Catholicism to a reduced "religious" sphere? As the title suggests, the "green" of Irish identity waned, but did these Catholics give up more than they bargained for in exchange for social acceptance in English Canada? Perhaps Mark McGowan will pursue these questions in further work. For now, The Waning of the Green should be hailed as a major step forward in our understanding of religion and ethnicity in North America. It represents another example for historians of religion in the United States that our study of religion and culture will be much enriched if our field of vision is North America, not just the United States. For that reason alone, George Rawlyk would have been proud of this book.


SUMMARY Allicin is the chief antimicrobial compound produced in garlic. It has been studied for activities against human and food-born pathogens. In this study the antimicrobial activity of allicin (Allisure™ liquid) was tested against a number of bacterial and fungal pathogens (Paenibacillus larvae larvae, P. I. pulvifaciens, Ascosphaera apis and Ascosphaera aggregata) associated with social (Apis mellifera) and solitary bees. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of allicin were determined using a broth microdilution method in the range of 1000 ppm to 25 ppm. Allicin liquid showed activity against gram-positive bacterial isolates (MIC 350 ppm) and fungal isolates (MIC 250 ppm). The antimicrobial activity of allicin was also tested in an agar diffusion test using 250 μg of allicin per disk. Bacterial isolates (P. I. pulvifaciens and P. I. larvae) were associated with zones of inhibition in the range of 24–26 mm and 45–50 mm, respectively. The fungal isolates were associated with zones of inhibition in the range of 31–35 mm (A. apis) and 35–37 mm (A. aggregata.) The macrolide class antibiotic tylosin (Tylan®50, Elanco Inc., IN) was used as a control in both the MIC assay and in the agar diffusion test. The data from this study point to the potential of allicin to inhibit growth of bee pathogens and reduce occurrence of at least two major bee diseases.


For the purpose of investigating the feasibility of sludge micro-bulking under low DO in intermittent cycle upper fluid sludge bed,this paper studies the removal effect of pollutants with low DO and sludge micro-bulking by using actual domestic wastewater as the influent.The results show that,when DO is 0.4mg/L at normal temperature,long feeding can set up quick sludge filamentous bulking.Reducing the time of supplying oxygen can inhibit the reproduction of filamentous bacteria effectively.During the period of sludge micro-bulking,the sludge settling ability is getting better while SVI is always maintaining 120~180mL/g.It is not easy to cause excessive filamentous bulking only through low DO.Micro-bulking can get better treatment performance by allowing slight and controlled filamentous bulking sludge at low dissolved oxygen(DO).The average removal efficiencies of COD,NH+4-N and TP are 90%,86%and 82%respectively,and the removal rates of COD,SS and TP can be enhanced.


This paper describes diagnostic numerical simulations of waves, current, sediment transport, and morphology change at the mouth of the Colorado River, Texas. The simulations were performed with the Inlet Modeling System (IMS) developed by the Coastal Inlets Research Program at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The IMS version applied consists of the circulation and sediment transport model M2D coupled with the wave spectral model STWAVE. The study site exhibits complex patterns of sediment transport over a weir jetty and deposition in an impoundment basin. Six alternatives are evaluated by comparison of calculated morphologic change and sediment impoundment coupled with the hydrodynamics over a 1-year simulation interval. Simulations are performed with and without a sediment training structure, different jetty lengths, and different weir lengths and elevations. The alternatives are examined for effectiveness in improving efficiency of the impoundment basin and in reducing sediment shoaling in the entrance channel to decrease dredging frequency.


DOI 10.1074/jbc.AAC119.012485 Correction: Defining -synuclein species responsible for Parkinson's disease phenotypes in mice. Jessica M. Froula, Marta Castellana-Cruz, Nadia M. Anabtawi, José D. Camino, Serene W. Chen, Drake R. Thrasher, Jennifer Freire, Allen A. Yazdi, Sheila Fleming, Christopher M. Dobson, Janet R. Kumita, Nunilo Cremades, and Laura A. Volpicelli-Daley In the published article, there was an inadvertent error in Fig. 5. The panel for the retrobeads (red) and p-synuclein inclusions (green) in the cortex at 1 week post-injection was the same as 2 weeks post-injection. The 1-week post-injection panel was incorrect and has been corrected. There are no phosphorylated -synuclein inclusions or retrotracer beads present in the cortex (or amygdala or SNc) 1 week post-injection.


This paper is motivated by the Cauty's result [1] which states that if X is a dendroid, then 2X and C(X) have the fixed point property. The main purpose of this paper is to study the fixed point property of the hyperspaces of arboroids. It is proved, using the inverse systems method and Cauty's result, that if X is an arboroid and f : 2X → 2X is a mapping, then f has the fixed point property. Similar theorem it is proved for f : C(X) → C(X).


We report the discovery of a ~500 kpc H I extension southwest of the Virgo Cluster H I-rich pair NGC 4532/DDO 137, detected as part of the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) Survey. The feature is the longest and most massive H I tail structure so far found in the Virgo Cluster and, at 1.8 Mpc from M87, the most distant from the main concentration of the intracluster medium. The structure is spatially and spectrally separated into two ridges and is defined by diffuse emission and discrete clumps of mass (2.5–6.8) × 107 M☉. All emission is blueshifted with respect to the NGC 4532/DDO 137 pair emission. Including diffuse emission, the structure has a total mass of up to 7 × 108 M☉, equivalent to ~10% of the system's H I mass. Optical R-band imaging finds no counterparts to a level of 26.5 mag arcsec−2. The characteristics of the structure appear most consistent with a tidal origin.


We measured Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) profiles on tight shale samples with a variety of sample sizes. The goal was to optimize the rock preparation and data reduction workflow for determining the storage properties of the rock, particularly porosity, from MICP measurements. The rock material was taken from a whole core in the Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation in the form of a puck or disc. A horizontal 1 inch core plug was cut from this disc and the remaining material was subsequently crushed and sieved through various mesh sizes. MICP profiles up to 60,000 psia were then measured on the 1 inch plug and all of the various crushed and sieved rock particle sizes. In parallel we subsampled the plug material to measure bulk volume, grain volume, and porosity using a crushed rock helium pycnometry method. These additional measurements provided a comparison set of standard petrophysical properties from which we could compare the MICP results. In general our MICP profiles show a very strong dependence on sample size due to two reasons: pore accessibility and conformance. We verify the conformance correction approach of Bailey (2009) which specifically accounts for the pore volume compression of the sample before mercury has been injected into the largest set of interconnected pore throats. This new method is preferred over the traditional method of conformance correction when compared to crushed rock helium porosity since the latter is performed at unstressed conditions. Our results using Bailey's (2009) method reveals that the 20+35 sample size is optimal for determining porosity in the Eagle Ford, and potentially other tight oil and gas shales. We use mercury injection for determining the various storage properties of tight shale because helium porosimetry is not always possible on fine cuttings samples. There are many instances when limited cuttings may be the only source of rock information available before a whole core is taken. Cuttings profiles also provide a key insight over long formation intervals that may not be available from whole core. Cuttings and core profiles for use in calibrating well logs have proven to be a requirement in these ultra-low perm systems. Introduction The emergence of shale and oil plays in North America has caused the industry to re-examine the methods which we use to quantify the resource and recoverable reserves in place. We recognize that unconventional gas and oil reservoirs are geologically and petrophysically heterogeneous at a variety of scales. This calls for a continuum of measurements to be used that are generally challenged due to the nano-scale pore nature of these rocks. A sampling of recent studies (Sondergeld et al., 2010; Passey et al., 2010; Spears et al., 2011) point out the lack of a standardized protocol such as that established for conventional and tight gas sand (microDarcy) systems in the API-RP40 (API, 1998). There is some common ground in that most laboratories follow a variation of the procedures established by Luffel and Guidry (1992) for determining storage capacity (crushed rock or GRI porosity) and flow capacity (pressure or pulse decay permeability). Other tools such as image analysis via focused ion-beam milling (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Loucks et al. 2009; Curtis et al., 2010), and direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection of fluids in place (Sigal and Odusina, 2010; Ramirez et al., 2011) are currently being researched by both industry and academia alike. We focus on a specific technology known as Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) for determining the porosity and density of small and/or irregular samples such as cuttings or crushed whole core material. Several studies (Olson and Grigg,


The relationship between intuition and ethical decision-making has been researched extensively during the past two decades. This study aimed at exploring empirically observable associations between intuition and the moral intensity of ethical decision-making processes. A scenario-based quantitative approach was used to collect data from 157 practising professional spirit mediums. It was found that only collective universal intuition had a significant positive association with the moral intensity of ethical decision-making processes. Personal experience intuition and collective archetype intuition were not significantly associated with moral intensity. This may explain why previous studies were unable to gauge the effects of intuition on ethical decision-making. The results suggest that a pure mind can improve one's ability to make decisions. Thus, decision-makers would benefit by being more attuned to their sense of morality.


Orientation In competitive global markets, it is becoming ever-more challenging to attract and retain talented employees that possess scarce skills critical to the sustained success of an organisation. Technological advancement and the changing nature of the work has exponentially increased the demand for highly skilled knowledge workers, often referred to simply as talent. Imitating the products and processes of competitors has become easier to do than ever before and competitive advantage is increasingly being found in intangible assets, such as a reputable/desirable employer brand and having access to scarce intellectual and human capital. Reason for the Study A positive relationship between the level of remuneration and the perceived attractiveness of a job offer has consistently been found and is often the basis of determining reward offerings. The global economic recession of the recent past and the decreasing availability of financial resources has meant that organisations need to identify alternative (non-financial) strategies to attract, motivate and retain employees, colloquially referred to as the war for talent. Developing a desirable and attractive employer brand has become a promising non-financial strategy that has already proven to be effective in talent attraction and retention. In the present study, the notion that talented employees may accept a lower level of remuneration to be employed at an organisation that is perceived to have a reputable/desirable employer brand was investigated, in other words that a reputable/desirable employed brand may represent a remuneration discount for organisations. Given that remuneration or the salary bill is typically the largest expense for any organisation and provided the offers remain attractive to talented employees, any saving will represent a significant amount of money. Attracting talented employees, at a remuneration discount compared to their competitors, would enable organisations to further enhance their competitive advantage and increase their sustainability in an economy characterised by limited financial resources.


The optimal placement of a number of elastic supports on a simply supported square plate is investigated. The discrete-distributed system is modeled analytically using a dynamic flexibility formulation. The maximization of the first system natural frequency is accomplished by applying an iterative algorithm based on the Sfeepest Descent method. Several numerical examples are presented and results are given for the 1,2, 3, and 4-spring systems.


As Freud turned his study into the field of human society,he put emphasis on the issues of religion and science.He probed into the origin,function and reliability of religions.He believed that religion that exists for a certain reason is a sort of illusion in essence,and some of religious ideas are like fantasy.When mankind has moved beyond its infancy,he will inevitably break away from religion and embrace science which is not a illusion and thus can bring to man real happiness.


The Minnehaha member of the Upper Devonian Brallier and Scherr formations has been informally named, and its use as a time band within the marine strata of the Devonian Catskill delta complex of the central Appalachians is suggested. The coarse clastic bundle of the Minnehaha member can be identified in both outcrop and subsurface for approximately 150 mi (235 km) along the Allegheney Front from Bedford County, Pennsylvania, to Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The Minnehaha member is 20.9 to 98.4 ft (6.37 to 30.0 m) thick, consisting of interbedded very thinly to thickly bedded medium-gray siltstones and olive gray shales, with some grayish-red siltstones and shales. The Minnehaha member was deposited by turbidity currents in generally unchanneled suprafan environments during the earliest Cohocton Stage. Three major, time persistent, depositional systems are recognized as having contributed to the Minnehaha member. End_Page 1171------------------------------ They are in order, from northeast to southwest, the Fulton, Mouth of Seneca, and Augusta depositional systems. The relatively brief time interval of Minnehaha deposition by three separate depositional systems strongly suggests a sea-level drop in the Appalachian basin as a causal factor. The overlapping of submarine fan deposits from three depositional systems could enhance the hydrocarbon reservoir potential of the Minnehaha member. The Minnehaha member may be the shoreward correlative of the gas productive Sycamore siltstone of north-central West Virginia. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1172------------


Introduction
Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernias is rare complications of abdominal or thoracic surgery. Depending on the location and size of the defect retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal organs and tissues can prolapse into thoracic cavity due to the negative intra-thoracic pressure. This can cause risk of obstruction or strangulation of abdominal contents, and may ischemia and perforation.

Methods
We present a case of delayed presentation of a patient with iatrogenic diaphragmatic herniation of liver and gallbladder with stones into the thorax.

Results
A 62-year-old female was visited our hospital for complaining of right sided thoracic back pain during 3month. The pain had not been treated with analgesics. Three years ago, she has been diagnosed right diaphragmatic metastatic nodule from ovarian cancer. She was operated excisional biopsy of intrathoracic lymph nodes and parietal pleural by VATs (video-assisted thoracic surgery). A computed tomography-scan showed intrathoracic displacement of her liver and chronic cholecystitis with multiple stones. The patients underwent laparotomy via an abdominal approach with subcostal incision. Intraoperative findings confirmed that right diaphragmatic focal defect and liver and gallbladder herniated into the thoracic cavity. The organs were placed back into the thoracic cavity. A cholecystectomy was performed, and the defect in the diaphragm measuring 13 cm × 10 cm, was repaired with a Gortex graft.

Conclusions
Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient was discharged seven days after the surgery without any problems.


Abstract : This change 1-- Adds Appendix C, establishing key management controls and checklist test questions. Implements the use of DA Form 11-2 to document test questions, answers, and deficiencies, if appropriate. This revision-- Clarifies authority of a MACOM Staff Judge Advocate to appoint another Judge Advocate as a legal advisor to a commander in instances where a conflict of interest has disqualified the regularly-assigned legal advisor (para 5-1) Clarifies the procedures for processing allegations of violations of the rules of professional conduct for lawyers (chap 7) and complaints of office mismanagement by staff or command judge advocates (chap 8) Requires three hours of professional conduct training each year (para 7-2) Provides that substantiated information relevant to an individual's potential as a member of the Judge Advocate Legal Service will be documented in the individual's career management individual file (para 7-9) Implements changes in organization and management of Reserve Component judge advocates (chap 11) Changes the Army JAGC Professional Recruiting Office to Army JA Recruiting and Placement Service (para 13-4) Terminates the Acquisition Law Assistance Program (chap 15)


Objective To determine the content of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris Sarcodactylis. Methods HPLC was used. Mobile phase was methanol-water(65 ∶35),detection wavelength at 326 nm,flow rate 1mL/min and column temperature at 35 ℃.Results The linearity of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin was in the range of 0.3528~1.7640 μg. The regression equation was Y=2403.73 X-65.35,r=0.9998. The average recovery was 99.33 %,RSD=1.47 %(n=6). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate. It can be applied in the determination of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris sarcodactylis.


Aristolochia gourigangaica Nair is proposed here as a synonym of Aristolochia dilatata Brown. Furthermore, the lectotype of Aristolochia dilatata is designated. Its relationship with Aristolochia punjabensis is also discussed.


In this paper, we prove the consistency of the correlation dimension estimator proposed by Kawaguchi(2002) for a deterministic chaotic system.


Abstract : The DELFIC Initial Conditions Module code has been revised to meet the requirements of the new DELFIC fallout prediction system. This documentation supplement describes the revised code. Discussion of the revised code emphasizes particle size distributions. The code can accept parameters that define lognormal or power-law distributions, or it can accept a distribution in tabular form. Details necessary for use of the code are presented. FORTRAN statement listings of revised subroutines are included.


Examines the advantages of implementing new teaching approaches using a portfolio of technologies against the traditional role of the tutor in French language learning.