Non-invasive estimation of pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW) pressure by an echophonocardiographic technique is reported. The ratio of time interval from the Q-wave to the C-point (echocardiogram) (Q-C) and from aortic closing (A2) to the E-point (A2-E) correlated well with the measured PCW pressure (r = 0.89; P = 0.001). When these two intervals were subtracted (A2-E)-(Q-C) the correlation was r = -0.90 (P = 0.001).


Sally O'Reilly | Daniella Valz Gen | Victor Burgin | Olivier Richon | Joseph Noonan-Ganley | Tim Etchells | Adrian Paci | Philippa Snow | Lara Konrad | Hannah Regel | Naomi Segal | Alice Hattrick | Sophie Calle | Megan Nolan | Alex Cecchetti | Anthony Auerbach | Oisin Byrne | Patrick Coyle | Isobel Wohl | Marine Hugonnier & Michael Newman | Adrian Rifkin | Jessica Worden | Ann-Marie James | Tai Shani | Francesco Pedraglio | Lauren De Sa Naylor

E.R.O.S. is the journal of Eros Press. It is published biannually, and dedicated to the subject of desire. It covers a wide range of fields, drawing together often disparate disciplines under the auspices of each issue's theme. Alongside newly commissioned work, E.R.O.S. contains excerpts, reproductions and reappraisals. Eros Press is a London-based independent publisher of periodicals, books and artists' editions. Our publications are initiated by invitations.

Commissioning Editors:
Sami Jalili
Fabian Lang
Emma Jones
Sharon Kivland
Rebecca Jagoe
Alice Hattrick


Spindle cell lesions of the head and neck, offers a dizzying array of pathologies ranging from benign reactive lesions to malignant highly aggressive lesions. Spindle cell carcinoma is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma with             particularly aggressive outcome. Spindle cell carcinoma of the mucosal lining of the oral cavity and the aerodigestive tract though not a rare entity, the occurrence of this particular   histology in the salivary glands is very rare with very few     similar cases published in the literature so far. Due to its     rarity, no strict guidelines that would aid in their management have not been established. Here we are presenting a rare case of spindle cell carcinoma of the parotid gland,               elaborating on the diagnosis and the management of these rare tumours.


The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and beamforming are effective methods for spatial diversity realization. Various algorithm already exists for implementing these methods. This paper explore the performance of least mean square algorithm (LMS) beamforming algorithm. This adaptive beamforming algorithm investigates receiver signal processing method that continuously monitor, calculate and update the weights in a continuously changing electromagnetic environment. Several optimization algorithms are studied, and a comparison of the least mean-squared algorithm and the minimum variance distortionless response is investigated with varying parameters (i.e. number of antenna element, element spacing etc.) using analytical method and Matlab simulation. It would be demonstrated through simulation that LMS algorithm increases signal quality by elimination interfering signals and noise by nulling them, while sending maximum signal (beams) to the desired direction.


The present invention relates to a straddle type vehicle, for bearing load on the seat without diminishing capacity of a cabinet. A rear end of the seat (9) in longitudinal direction of the straddle type vehicle is supported in a swinging way by a vehicle body frame (2) via a hinge member (50). A load receiving member (10b) configured to receive a load acting on the seat (9) is disposed in front of the cabinet (10).


This paper aims to replace the traditional alkali desizing of PET fabrics with the combination of microwave plasma treatment and water desizing. To this end, the microwave plasma pre-treatment was applied to enahnce the desizing efficiency of PET fabrics in pure water. With a 2.45GHz plasma source and a power of 450W, the 80s-long treatment was found to significantly increase the desizing rate of WSP in water due to the etching effect of microwave plasma. The SEM observation disclosed the etching effect of WSP on PET fabrics induced by plasma, and verified the complete removal of WSP on PET fabrics through plasma pre-treatment and water desizing. The test on the water contact angle revealed the contribution of plasma treatment to the improved wetting property of the sized PET fabrics. This study opens up a new way for desizing of PET fabrics that reduces wastewater discharge and the consumption of chemicals, energy and time.


An extensive study on the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses was published recently. The various kinds of discussions, including the history and scientific mechanisms behind viral aerosols were summarized in the study. However, the key experimental results were interpreted inadequately. The understanding in the study pointed toward an inappropriate direction for studies on viral aerosols in the COVID-19 pandemic. In this letter, two critical points from the point of view of aerosol sciences are discussed against the study on the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses. In the generation mechanism of viral aerosols, the important point is the viral load. The average viral loads in hosts infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were unprecedentedly high, therefore the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant aerosols must be considered in this pandemic. The viral load in respiratory fluids, rather than the preference of the virus toward small particles in deep respiratory tracts, was essential in viral aerosol generation. In addition, if the novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant satisfies the fundamental conditions for universal principles of rapidly spreading respiratory viruses, the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant needs to be considered.


Though researchers have hotly debated the phenomenon of menstrual synchrony—women menstruating in tandem when living in close quarters with one another—no conclusive evidence has proven or disproven its existence. In this theoretical article, we draw from sociological theories of collective identities, psychological research on menstrual synchrony, and relevant literatures on menstrual activism and sisterhood to examine the frequent occurrence of women's belief in menstrual synchrony despite the lack of evidence that this phenomenon actually occurs. We propose a theoretical explanation for women's beliefs in menstrual synchrony by arguing that these beliefs serve several functions that enhance gender solidarity: (a) reduction of shame and taboo related to menstruation; (b) a socially acceptable way of constructing modern "sisterhood"; (c) a method for marking women's relationship to nature; and (d) a pathway to fight back against sexism and sexist assumptions about menstruation and menstruating women. We ...


Here some further excerpts from the messenger for this Laodicea church age: And we see the condition of time. We see the condition of people. We see the condition of politics. We see the condition of the world. It can't stand. It's got to sink like the Titanic. It must go down. For one nation gives room to another as it falls. And this kingdom must fall and every other kingdom to give room to that Kingdom that's coming which cannot fall. For we receive a Kingdom that cannot be moved [2] an eternal Kingdom [3] (Heb. 12:27-29).


The purpose of the present study was to investigate how a classroom's design can alter an individual's memory of content and affective reactions towards the experience. 123 University of Western Ontario Undergraduate students who were part of a first year psychology participation pool listened to a video lecture on schizophrenia and then completed two paper and pencil questionnaires. The first was a multiple-choice assessment of participant memory for lecture material, and the second was a Likert scale on the perceived learning experience. The atmosphere of the classroom as well as the design of the desk arrangements was changed for different conditions as to determine which aspects of the classrooms design had a significant influence on recall for material and perceived learning experience. Previous studies have found that the environment in which learning takes place can have a great effect on student performance as well as on their affective reactions to the experience, teacher, material presented, and institution as a whole (Veltri, Banning, & Davies, 2006; Winterbottom & Wilkins, 2009). A significant interaction between atmosphere and desk design was found for specific affective reactions, which is consistent with recent research. Contrary to recent research, main effects for atmosphere and affective reactions were found for participants in sterile and row arrangements, compared to warm horseshoe arrangements previously noted in literature. The results suggest that classroom design is a crucial aspect for student performance as well as affective reactions, but that at the University level, small format lectures may not follow trends seen in other educational settings. Classroom Design on Learning and Affective Reactions 3 Acknowledgement and Dedication Sincere gratitude needs to be given to Dr. Mike Atkinson for reminding me never to be discouraged with my data and for letting me explore the world of educational research with someone who clearly has a passion for improving the lives of university students as well as a love for the discipline of psychology. Thank you for all you have done and having the patience to help me make this dream a reality. My dream of completing a thesis that could change the educational world may have been a bit advantageous, but the reason from which this dream arose is still alive; university students, just like all students at any age, deserve the greatest education that they can possibly achieve. I want students to remember that their education is important and to push for what they deserve. "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." Nelson Mandela (n.d.) Classroom Design on Learning and Affective Reactions 4 Effects of Classroom Design and Atmosphere towards Affective Reactions and Memory of Content "Modern Canadian universities wrongly and seriously devalue the education of undergraduate students." (Pocklington & Tupper, 2002, p. 6). This quote from Pocklington and Tupper's (2002) controversial book No Place to Learn, implies that Canadian universities are failing their undergraduate populations from the best education they can receive. Their book argues that universities are not placing enough emphasis on developing classrooms, programs, and courses and that they are placing too much emphasis on graduate populations, research, and tenured professors. The main objective within an undergraduate education is to learn and to leave the institution with greater knowledge than when they entered. However, if universities are not actively creating spaces and programs that foster learning, this goal cannot be achieved. Rationale for the Present Study Canadian universities have forgotten that learning can be fostered through more than research and highly knowledgeable professors. Non-verbal communication in the classroom is an important aspect of teaching as it conveys information to students about how the professor perceives the class and how they should feel in return (Sommer, 1974). Non-verbal communication can be defined as communication not involving words (Zukoski, Harvey, & Branch, 2009). It may be expressed through the professor's attitude, posture, excitement for the material, and so forth, but can also be expressed through the physical environment to which the class takes place. Non-verbal communication from the environment can be expressed through the classroom design or layout as well as through the environments atmosphere (Simonds & Cooper, 2010; Sommer, 1974). It can be noted that Canadian universities do not place enough emphasis on designing classrooms that inspire learning. This is because traditional designs with few Classroom Design on Learning and Affective Reactions 5 distractions are thought to be the most effective both cost and education wise (Owens & Valesky, 2007, pp.186-221; Sommer, 1974). The universities' disregard for which types of environment are best for learning for undergraduate populations needs to be corrected. Many university buildings resemble government buildings and prisons; largely made of concrete, with locked doors, little décor, and fluorescent lighting (See Figure 1). It is believed by some educational systems that human beings cannot be trusted in spaces that are welcoming and from a design perspective, beautiful, due to the fact that vandalism, theft, and general disrespect will ensue (Wollin & Montagne, 1981). Sterile environments are difficult to humanize and can result in depressive effects (Sommer, 1974). In a study by Wollin and Montagne (1981), a sterile classroom was compared to one that was amiable to determine if the student's from each of the introductory psychology classes' interactions and performance would differ when partaking in a class in both environments over the semester. Both classrooms were identical in structure but differed on aspects such as fluorescent lighting, seat comfort, wall decorations, and carpet type. The control room, or sterile classroom, was not altered at all; only the amiable classroom had alterations such as warm white lights rather than fluorescent ones made. They found that the classroom that was more amiable not only increased perceptions of the teacher and improved socialization, but also improved performance rates in the class. In a more recent study, an elementary school district's objective was to create physical changes in their schools that would express a sense of safety and welcoming to both children and adults alike. This was of great importance to them as they were interested in finding which aspects of an atmosphere are important in keeping it from being perceived as cold or unsafe. After conducting a survey with students, their parents, and school staff, the following were deemed to be important to maintain a welcoming and safe school building; identifiable main offices, well-maintained building, student Classroom Design on Learning and Affective Reactions 6 Figure 1. A typical sterile classroom seen in the Social Sciences Center at the University of Western Ontario displaying concrete walls, uncomfortable seating, fluorescent lighting, and a row desk arrangement. work displayed, and well painted walls (Maxwell, 2000). The focus placed on atmospheres within Wollin and Montagne's (1981) study and Maxwell's (2000) study uncovers an area that universities need to work on. A positive and warm atmosphere has significant results on student's behaviors and perceptions when compared to that of a typical sterile university classroom and is perceived to be welcoming and safe (Wollin & Montagne, 1981). By changing the atmosphere of a classroom, universities could greatly improve their undergraduate populations experience and capacity for learning. Focusing on Classroom Atmosphere There are certain aspects of a classrooms atmosphere that have a greater effect on affective reactions and learning than others. Music, lighting, and comfortable seating are aspects of a classroom environment that hold importance when creating a warm and welcoming environment that is intended to increase learning and affective reactions while reducing feelings of helplessness and unease (Veltri, Banning, & Davies, 2006). Classroom Design on Learning and Affective Reactions 7 In the current study, music, lighting, and seat comfort are the three features used for creating a classroom that is warm and welcoming. Lang (1996), as cited by Winterbottom and Wilkins (2009), notes that lighting, when diffuse and placed correctly so that glare is minimized, can help create a sense of comfort for both students and teachers which is important for the purpose of learning. Diffuse lighting is vital in a properly designed classroom as certain types of lighting, such as fluorescent, can cause distress and discomfort, which can result in a lack of interest and desire to engage in the material at hand (Winterbottom & Wilkins, 2009). Winterbottom and Wikins (2009) studied the effects of lighting in the classroom environment. They measured the glare of fluorescent lighting in ninety secondary classrooms across the United Kingdom. They did this as fluorescent lighting has been shown to cause headaches and impair visual performance. By measuring the glare off of furniture, whiteboards, windows, and the floor of different classrooms they recognized that harsh lighting and décor hinders task performance in secondary school aged children. These findings confirm previous research showing that atmospheres, which produce distress in university classrooms, can result in poor test performance and negative affective reactions (Sommer, 1974; Veltri, Banning, & Davies, 2006; Wollin & Montagne, 1981). University classrooms often use fluorescent lighting because of the lower cost associated with fluorescent light bulbs. Florescent bulbs use only one third of the amount of energy that an incandescent light bulb uses, they generate less heat, and tend to last longer (Lee, Ruppert, & Porter, 2012). Comfortable seating


A seris of new 7-acylamidocephalosporins, containing a substituted naphthalene moiety in the side chain, has been prepared and tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some observations are made on the structure-activity relationships.


Physical and numerical modeling indicates that the flow of turbidity plumes is adequately described by equations of flow for simple, steady fully turbulent plumes if the coefficient of entrainment, a, is taken as 0.12. This value of a is significantly greater than that used for simple plumes without suspended solids. 1Fulbright Fellow, Department of Geology, University of Reading, Reading, England 2 . Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA i


This paper deals with the problem of designing a robust fault detection methodology for a class of input-output, uncertain dynamical distributed parameter systems, namely mechanical elastodynamic systems, which are representative of a whole class of problems related to on-line health monitoring of mechanical and civil engineering structures. The proposed approach does not require full state measurements and is robust to measuring, modeling and numerical errors, thanks to a time varying detection threshold. In order to avoid the problems associated with classical discretization techniques for distributed parameter systems, which can lead to numerical errors difficult to bound a priori, and thus higher thresholds, a suitable structure-preserving algebraic approach, called Cell Method, will be employed. This method consists in writing the equations of a distributed parameter system directly in discrete form, avoiding the usual discretization process and leading to a symplectic, that is energy preserving, numerical scheme.


Deposition of transparent conducting aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted sputtering has been investigated. The metal atom densities were measured by absorption spectroscopy using two different absorption systems: one consists of a hollow cathode lamp (HCL), monochromator and photomultiplier tube (HCL-M-PMT) and the other consists of a light emitting diode (LED), spectrometer, and CCD detector (LED-S-CCD). Measured density ratio of Al to Zn atom density during ICP assisted sputtering with AZO target using HCL-M-PMT was estimated to be two orders of magnitude smaller than the elemental ratio in both the AZO target and deposited films. The evaluated absolute Al density was confirmed to be highly reliable, since both Al densities measured with HCL-M-PMT and LED-S-CCD agreed well in a DC planar magnetron discharge with Al target.


Incense smoke is a potential hazard to human health due to various airborne carcinogens emitted from incense burning. The present study was conducted to determine the genotoxic potential health effects of exposure to organic compounds emitted from incense burning. Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells showed that incense burning generates significantly higher levels of metaphase abnormalities and a significant increase in DNA damage in treated groups compared to those of the control. Also, found that the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly in incense smoke exposure groups compared to control. These results indicate that exposure to carcinogens emitted from incense burning may increase health risk.


Acute and sub-acute toxicities of aqueous extract of Vitex doniana was carried out in rats. The LD50 following intraperitoneal administration estimated at 95% confidence interval was 980 mg/kg. The oral administration of the extract for 21 days at 50,100 and 200mg/kg had beneficial effects on the haematological parameters. There were significant (P<0.05) increases in red blood cell count (RBC) haemoglobine (HB) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) values in treated rats. The treated animals had leucocytosis, which may be due to increase lymphocyte count observed. The i.p LD50 (980 mg/kg) indicated that the extract is moderately toxic, though the prolong oral administration of the extract under the condition of this study shows that the extract may be toxic at higher doses. Nevertheless, the extract appear to be more beneficial at lower doses and significantly (p< 0.05) improves RBC, HB and PVC values and this effect has potential application as anti-anaemic agent. This seems to provide justification for its use as anti-anaemic agent in African traditional medicine. (Journal of American Science. 2010;6(12):8-12). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


Computer-simulated design of electron microscopes and related optical-probe systems is an area of growing importance, because of the actual innovative advances in material science, in particular at the nano and micro structure scales. The numerical methods can accurately and rapidly
 predict lens-system performance from variables such as electrode geometry, electrode potential, and magnet-coil excitation. This deepened understanding leads naturally to well-reasoned optimizations of the probe parameters. Reported herein is design and simulation of an electron optical column
 of scanning electron microscope type, using a new hybrid method of combining the SIMION and COMSOL charged-particle optics package codes. It relies on the use of the COMSOL output as an input of SIMION code. Both the finite-element and the finite-difference methods are used in a complementary
 combination to accurately model the magnetic lenses and determine the electron-steering and focusing magnetic-field distributions along the optical axis. The effects of the design parameters, such as the excitation current and their arrangement, are investigated. This works also presents guidelines
 on the beneficial use of such method, to workout efficient charged-particle optics-based design.


My acknowledged debt to Gary J. Manger is so great that I fear to register any dissent lest I seem an ingrate. Therefore, I stay with a few truths that relate to his concerns.1 1. By 1920 it was high time to replace the labor-only model of Ricardo-Mill classicism by the formal Ohlin, Haberler, and other multi-factor extensions. Already Ricardo, Torrens, and Malthus recognized that the corn laws could raise landowners' share in English national income-a phenomenon not relevant to the 1-factor-only formal model. The 1925-1931 Australian discussions similarly deviated into good sense before international trade theory had, in Manger's happy phrase, "shifted intellectual gears." Tom Kuhn must realize that in real life scientists work with more than one paradigm at a time, including some still getting born and perceived. 2. Ohlin's recognition of oversimplification in purchasingpower-theory will be seen on reflection to be logically and empirically unrelated to the inadequacies of the labor-only models. Similarly, Mill's recognition that "international values" cannot accord with "labor values" is not a point against a model involving labor-alonein-each-country: it is a valid deduction about such a classical model. In short, as Kuhn can document, a new and better paradigm may be motivated by criticisms of an old paradigm that are themselves confused and even wrong. 3. Frederic Benham's 1935 paper on how factor prices and goods prices are related is a quantum-advance in the post-Heckscher literature. His jousts with Bridgen on Marion Samuelson's problem do not win for him from me Manger's high marks. But when have teachers been unanimous in making out report-card grades? 4. Manger earns our praise for throwing new light on basic advances in the theory of international trade. My reservations, which are minor, hope to guard against awarding excessive credit to post1938 writers.


Traumatic cervical epidural hematoma is a rare disease in the pediatric population. It requires a high level of suspicion in children who presents with acute neurological deficit after trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required to confirm the diagnosis. Early surgical intervention is recommended to have the best neurological outcome. We report a case of a traumatic cervical epidural hematoma in a toddler with complete paraplegia, which partially recovered after decompressive surgery. We would like to emphasize the importance of high suspicion for this condition and the need for an urgent MRI to confirm the diagnosis.


From the statistical point of view, basic purpose of research of autoimmune diseases, as it is mainly with all others, is to collect the data to obtain information about particular disorders. Usually, data are obtained from one or more samples of patients that represent the population, the whole group of individuals of our interest. Just as an example, if the topic of investigation is expression of CD45 lymphocyte isoforms in newborns shortly after they have been delivered (Juretić et al., Ref.), then the sample of newborns has to be representative of the same population. We collect and analyze the data on a sample of some (randomly chosen) N individuals and use them to draw conclusions about the population. That process making inferences is the meaning of scientific research. After reading the paper and learning something new on lymphocytes in early newborns, we expect to have the same finding in all newborns in the world (generalization), i.e., that facts from the paper, related to individuals in that research, become general facts considering all individuals with same characteristics (and that is why those characteristics of individuals have to be briefly but clearly explained in the research paper). Of course, this is a simplified explanation of generalization and we also have to recognize that information from the sample does not fully indicate what is true in the population. There is also a sampling error that has to be considered.


Excerpt In the past two years two patients have been observed at the clinic who presented the clinical picture of occlusive arterial disease of the legs, xanthoma tuberosum of the skin and marked l...


In 1779, Susan Carnegie (1743–1821) persuaded the Town Council of Montrose, Scotland, to build a safe haven for those suffering from both poverty and mental illness. As a result, Montrose Lunatic Asylum became not only the first public asylum in Scotland, but among the first in the English-speaking world. Carnegie – born 175 years before women could vote – championed a humane and science-based response to mental illness. Montrose Asylum practised moral treatment a decade before Tuke and Pinel. As a champion of the new mental science, her enduring influence resulted in the hiring of the young W.A.F. Browne. Her story enriches the current wave of scholarship on Scottish psychiatry in particular, and on women in psychiatry in general.


This paper describes the York Combined Transaction Set (YCTS), which offers a single consolidated list of publicly available gambling related transactions derived from the Ethereum blockchain. This data includes over 1.4M individual transactions across 17,000+ unique addresses, which represent spending on decentralised gambling smart contracts. These contracts, and corresponding applications, have been selected based on their popularity as presented by an officially recognised ranking service, and have transacted over £240M by naive estimation over the past 10 months. Given the historical opacity of data driven gambling research, our contribution is to identify, and make available in a simple form, the transaction data found on the Ethereum blockchain such that existing questions surrounding player spending can be explored, and differences between decentralised and traditional forms of gambling can be identified.


By using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy, we study the magnetic behavior of ultra-thin Co on Re(0001) covered by a single layer of graphitic carbon. The carbon overlayer is lithographically fabricated via electron-stimulated dissociative adsorption of CO and subsequent annealing to 650 K. Graphitization is found to induce perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in cobalt at a thickness in the range 4–5 atomic layers, where out-of-plane domains separated by chiral Neél type walls are observed. The graphitic overlayer efficiently protects Co from oxidation upon exposure to ambient conditions, leaving its magnetic structure completely unaffected. The magnetic response of the Co film to an external field is imaged in situ across the hysteresis loop, allowing a quantitative analysis of the field-dependent domain area and structure. Our observations pinpoint the influence of the step morphology on the local magnetic behavior. Moreover, below the saturation field, the domains with chiral walls evolve into nanometric-sized magnetic structures resembling skyrmionic bubbles for applied fields <20 G.


Since the document selection in libraries has its characteristics and laws,researches on and inquiries into document selection are beneficial to both the document acquisition and the better service to readers.


Introduction: Higher central elastic artery stiffness is associated with greater brain white matter hyperintensity volume and lower cognitive performance in older adults. However, it is unknown if ...


T Ionospheric Scintillation Experiment cubesat (ICE Cube) satellite project consisted of two 10-cm cube cubesat satellites known as ICE Cube 1 and 2. The project's mission was to use these two satellites with global positioning system (GPS) receivers to collect both spatial and temporal data to help characterize ionospheric scintillations. The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It is located between approximately 50 and 500 km above the surface of the Earth. Of the most interest to the ICE Cube project is the F layer, which is located in the upper part of the ionosphere. This region is characterized by high fl uctuations in the electron density induced by turbulence in ionized gases. These fl uctuations, termed scintillations, occur with the most frequency shortly after sunset near the equatorial region. Therefore, the more specifi c area of scientifi c interest in studying scintillations is what is known as the equatorial anomaly, which lies within ±20 deg of the magnetic equator and is a very dynamic region where most scintillations occur. These scintillations and plasma density irregularities can interfere with communication, GPS, and other signals that propagate through the ionosphere [1]. Not only can the scintillations disrupt signals and reduce accuracy, but they can also cause complete loss of lock on GPS satellites, which can be dangerous for systems relying on GPS navigation [2,3].


The ability of skilled physicians to estimate cancer risk in nontoxic goiter was determined by reviewing 235 evaluations of patients referred as thyroid cancer suspects and comparing the diagnostic impressions with the subsequent clinical and histological findings. Of 202 patients classified as "benign" on clinical evaluation, 2% proved to have thyroid cancer. In contrast, 28% of those classified as "suspected of cancer" and 53% of those classified as "probably cancer" did indeed have malignant goiters. Furthermore, although only 63 patients with "benign" goiters were subjected to early thyroidectomy, these included all 4 with thyroid cancer so far identified in this group. These figures indicate that patients with goiter can be divided quite successfully into low and high cancer-risk groups and that preoperative selection is justified.


Arginine catabolism in liver, requires arginase to convert arginine to ornithine and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) to initiate ornithine catabolism. OAT is restricted to a few cells of the hepatic aanus, the perivenous hepatocytes (1). The question arises as to whether these cells contain an arginase or whether arginase in the periportal cells, where the urea cycle occurs, must cleave arginine and release ornithine downstream to the OAT-containing hepatocytes. To discriminate between these two hypotheses we examined "CO, production from U-14C arginine in livers perfused in antegrade and retrograde directions. Rat liver contains no arginine decarboxylase and only very low activity of ornithine decarboxylase (2). Furthermore, l4CO, production from U-"C arginine in our perfusions is inhibited by gabaculine, an inhibitor of OAT (3). Therefore, we used "CO, production, from U-"C arginine as a measure of arginine catabolism through the OAT pathway. Conversion of "C arginine to 14C02 would be impossible in retrograde perfusions if the perivenous, OAT-containing cells, lacked an arginase. Figure 1. represents data for the catabolism of U-"C arginine to "CO, in livers perfused in both antegrade and retrograde directions. The maximum rate of "CO, production in the


One of the important disadvantages of the silicone rubber insulators is the ageing caused by its exposition to pollution and environmental factors such as UV, rain, and temperature. The degradation can be highly dependent on the quality of the compound used in the manufacturing of the insulators. Moreover, the quality of the silicone compound depends strongly of the cost, the brand, production country, etc. On the other hand, for tracking evaluation, the IEC 62039 standard recommends for high voltage insulators a minimum requirement of 3.5 kV and a satisfactory 2.5 kV for medium voltage applications. However, the IEC standard does not mention if this classification is valid for all the environments including the highly polluted, where tracking failures can be developed. Several failures occurred in two different 400 kV transmission lines, where polymeric insulators failed; the failure was due to pollution and because of the materials' quality and design. On the other side, inclined plane test were done on insulators' semicircular sheds and most of the specimens did not pass 4-4.75 kV; due to that, a tracking voltage should be established for silicone compounds exposed to polluted environments.


This paper studies the new movable miniature combined cooling heating and power(CCHP) system.The system consists of a power generator,a heat management controller and an adsorption chiller,producing electricity power,heat load and cooling load.Based on the winter condition and the experimental data gathered,the results and the efficiency of the whole system and the transient performances of heat users,jack water,exhaust gas and so forth are analyzed and studied in this paper.The results can be well used to study and investigation of the movable miniature CCHP system in the future.


The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of magainin 1, a sterilizing agent of the skin, were studied using two‐dimensional techniques. All the 1H and 13C NMR resonances were unambiguously determined from a combination of 2D homo‐ and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy.


Neuroinfectious diseases are infections affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, possibly due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. The route of infection to the nervous system could be through direct inoculation, blood circulation, retrograde spread, or others. Central nervous system infections are often challenging to diagnose, and the burden of undiagnosed nervous system infections is currently underreported; despite the recent advances in investigative technology, about 30% of patients with suspected central nervous system infections never received an etiological diagnosis, with nearly one-third of these patients dying of the illness. Neurological disorders related to neuroinfectious diseases are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, which constitute a significant cause of disabilities and economic burden for the patients and society. There are dual burdens of neuroinfectious diseases in developing countries of Africa in which the conditions are both under-recognized and under-treated. One of the significant challenges of neuroinfectious diseases in Africa is the lack of neurological experts, with the average number of neurologists to the general population of about 1–3.4 million in some African countries; with about 11 countries not having any neurologists, the case is worst in neurological surgery.


Regarding the problems of image distortion, edge blurring, Gibbs phenomena in the traditional wavelet transform algorithm and the loss of subtle features in the Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST), and considering the physical characteristics of infrared and visible images, an infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on the Lifting Stationary Wavelet Transform (LSWT) and Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform is proposed in this paper. First, since LSWT can quickly calculate and has all advantages of traditional WT, it is utilized to decompose infrared and visible images to obtain low-frequency coefficients and multi-scale and multi-directional high-frequency coefficients, respectively. Second, NSST multi-scale decomposition is used to extract the target features and detailed features of the image from the high and low-frequency sub-bands to obtain new high and low-frequency sub-bands. Third, according to the physical characteristics that low and high-frequency coefficients represent, different fusion rules are designed. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Local Spatial Frequency (LSF) are introduced in the low-frequency sub-band, and LSF adaptive weighted fusion rules are used in the DCT domain. The fusion strategy improves the regional contrast in the high-frequency sub-band with the spectral characteristics of human vision. Finally, the Inverse Lifting Stationary Wavelet Transform (ILSWT) is used to reconstruct the fusion coefficients to obtain the final fused images. To verify the advantages of the proposed algorithm in this paper, the classic and advanced 9 IR and VI fusion algorithms are selected for subjective and objective comparison. In the objective evaluation, a comprehensive ranking index is designed based on 9 classical indicators. Simulation experiments with 10 IR and VI fusion algorithms prove that the proposed algorithm has better performance and flexibility. The results show that the proposed algorithm in this paper fuses the images with clear edges, prominent targets, and good visual perception, and it outperforms state-of-the-art image fusion algorithms.


A1x1 = λB1x1 + μC1x1, (1) A2x2 = λB2x2 + μC2x2, where Ai, Bi, and Ci are given ni × ni complex matrices, λ, μ ∈ C, and xi ∈ Ci for i = 1, 2. A pair (λ, μ) is an eigenvalue if it satisfies (1) for nonzero vectors x1, x2, and the corresponding eigenvector is x1 ⊗ x2. On the tensor product space we can define n1n2 × n1n2 matrices ∆0 = B1 ⊗ C2 − C1 ⊗B2, ∆1 = A1 ⊗ C2 − C1 ⊗ A2, ∆2 = B1 ⊗ A2 − A1 ⊗B2. The two-parameter eigenvalue problem (1) is nonsingular if its operator determinant ∆0 is invertible. Atkinson showed [1] that a nonsingular two-parameter eigenvalue problem is equivalent to the joint generalized eigenvalue problems


PolyMethacrylamide grafted onto Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) backbone in a homogeneous solution using ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as an initiator and water as solvent. The structure of pure CMC and grafted with monomers was characterized by FTIR spectra and TGA analysis. The thermal properties of pure CMC and grafted with monomers were evaluated with a simultaneous thermal analysis system. The results showed that the thermal stability of grafted MAAm samples was remarkably improved. The effects of various reaction conditions such as monomer, polyssacharide, initiator concentration and reaction temperature on the percentage of conversion (PC%), graft yield (G%) and graft efficiency (GE%) were investigated.


With the aid of theories and research findings which advanced by both home and foreign scholars,this paper analysis the harmony degree between urbanization and eco-environment in Southern Xinjiang,which is a typically underdeveloped area in China,by the supporting of the fuzzy mathematics.Our urbanization and eco-environment harmony degree analysis demonstrates that,except the harmony degree of Korla city is belonging to harmony level,that of other four cities is belong to un-harmony level.Through a series of spatio-temporal analyses,this study illustrates that,the harmony degree between urbanization and eco-environment has a significant comprehensive relationship with the urbanization level of each city.Along with the increase of non-agricultural population in each city,the harmony degree between urbanization and eco-environment shows "U" type curve,which is decreasing first and then increasing gradually.


Self-expression is a vital usage of social media, in the form of daily life updates, experience description, information and comments sharing, etc. Social media is slowly replacing the practice of face-to-face communication. In a way, virtual communication is taking over the real-life communication. Active participation of Teen-age users on social media is one of the reasons behind this changing dynamics. Twitter is a popular micro blogging site amongst youth today. The humongous volume of tweeting content, along with various tweeting, retweeting and comments statistics, presents an opportunity for human sentiment analysis and behavioral study. Twitter users' behavior and their mood transition is an in demand study domain with gigantic scope and many unexplored aspects. One such area is Stress Detection. There are some studies which have implemented stress identifying and prediction techniques. This paper presents an analytical survey of such recent published studies. Keywords—Prediction, Stress, Twitter, Detection


On the 29th of March 2019, the U.K. is scheduled to leave the European Union. This withdrawal is estimated to affect both the U.K. and economies interacting with the U.K. This thesis aims to examine whether Brexit, through its effect on the British Pound, has an impact on the Swedish export of sawn softwood. The impact of exchange rates has been tested on as well aggregate export levels as disaggregate export levels in several other studies but with mixed results. At the same time, it has not been done on the Swedish market at this disaggregated level of forestry products before and is, therefore, an interesting subject to investigate further. The data used is multivariate monthly time series data, ranging from July 2005 to September 2017. A cointegrating relationship is established by the Johansen test leading to an estimation of a Vector Error-Correction Model. Finally, the Granger Causality test tests the existence of shortrun causality amongst the variables. The results show that the exchange rate of the GBP/SEK affects the Swedish export of sawn softwood in the long term, but not in the short term. A continued stable and efficient pricing strategy could help to promote the Swedish exports of sawn softwood and retain their market power in the U.K.


Objective To ananlyze the inhibitory effects of paclitaxel liposome to ovarian cancer cell(SKOV-3),to observe the time-concentration effect of this drug and to explore the mechanism of paclitaxel liposome effecting on the tumor cell. Methods SKOV-3 cells were cultured and divided into groups,which was added with different concentrations of paclitaxel liposome.The cells survival rate was observed by MTT,the inhibitory rate and the cell cycle by flow cytometry,and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins by Western blot.SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze the data. Results The paclitaxel liposome could inhibit SKOV-3 cells,which showed time-concentration-dependent effect.The paclitaxel and paclitaxel liposome could both block SKOV-3 cells at G2/M phase,and cell apoptosis was more obviously along with increasing drug concentration.The Western blot results demonstrated that after using paclitaxel liposome to deal with the SKOV-3 cells,the expression of Bcl-2 protein obviously was decreased,while the expression of Bax protein increased and the value of Bax/Bal-2 up-regulated. Conclusions Paclitaxel liposome has inhibitory action and time-concentration-dependent effect on breast cancer cell line SKOV-3 as same as paclitaxel.Therefore,paclitaxel liposome has a good future for breast cancer patients.


Comprising the onboard deployment unit, an electronic weapon from which the projectile electrodes tethered at least one wire tether provides a stimulation current through the target, to suppress the movement by the target. Wire tether, also referred to as filaments, thereby conducting the stimulation current. One or more electrodes, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, play in any combination one or more of the following functions: bind a filament electrode, expand filaments from deployment unit, the material in the target or puncture the tissue, pierce the target material or tissue, prior to the ionization, or a stimulation current between to conduct, focuses the electric field, across one or more gaps to form an ionization path for the stimulation current , based on the volume of the region and / or target tissue of the target tissue, to propagate the current density.


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Information Technology Software Engineering THAPALIYA, ISHWOR: Web and Cross-Platform Mobile application sharing same code base using modern web technologies Master's thesis 55 pages, appendices 5 pages November 2016 With the raise in amount of technologies with which we can build web applications and mobile applications, it is usually a tough task to decide which technology is the best for the project to save time and effort and increase velocity of the project in hand. Web technology has seen a huge amount of transformation in the recent years and with the open source projects like Apache Cordova, it is now possible to build Cross Platform mobile applications using the web technologies. With the server-side platform Node.js, it is now possible to build server side application in JavaScript. This piece discusses and demonstrates the use of a JavaScript in both server-side and client-side application, how the client-side JavaScript code can be shared between both web and mobile applications, and different tools and frameworks which will help in the process of making the whole application including the topics like integration and endto-end testing in a short amount of time.


: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the Intention to Use in the Application of Fore Coffee for the users. This research is to analyse the independent variables which was obtained from the preliminary survey: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived compatibility and trust as the intervening variables, and intention to use as the dependent variable. The data is collected by spreading the questionnaire to 160 respondents as the sample who live in Jakarta. The sampling technique is using the purposive sampling and quantitative descriptive approach, and the data analysis techniques and data processing are using Partial Least Square. The results showed that perceived compatibility has the highest effect on the variable to trust compare to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness has the lowest effect compare to perceived ease of use, and the intervening variable of trust also has a positive and significant influence on the dependent variable of intention to use. This indicates that. Fore Coffee users believe that the mobile applications offered by Fore Coffee has made it easier for them to order coffee, take is up according to their preferred time and prevent them for queuing for the coffee.


An analytical model for the cutoff frequency and optimum noise figure of an optically controlled GaAs MESFET suitable for microwave integrated circuits and high-frequency optical communication systems is presented. The model calculates the cutoff frequency and optimum noise figure under dark and illuminated conditions. The significant feature is that, under optically controlled operation, the cutoff frequency increases, and a drastic reduction in the optimum noise figure is obtained. Some of the predicted results under dark conditions are compared with the data available in the literature to validate our proposed model. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 279–282, 2000.


Molecular dynamics calculations were performed to evaluate the energies of helium-related defects in ?-iron for investigation of helium behavior during irradiation. The interatomic potentials employed here were the Ackland Finnis-Sinclair N-body potential, the Wilson-Johnson potential and the ZBLBeck potential for describing interactions of Fe-Fe, Fe-He and He-He, respectively. The migration energy of interstitial helium is extremely low, indicating that an interstitial helium atom can migrate rapidly in the metal even at extremely low temperature, until the helium atom is trapped or escapes outside. One of the most efficient trapping sites for helium is a vacancy or small vacancy clusters (nanovoid). The formation energy of helium-vacancy clusters in iron was calculated as a function of the number of helium atoms and vacancies. The binding energy of an interstitial helium atom, a substitutional helium atom and a vacancy to the cluster was also determined as a function of the helium-to-vacancy ratio of the cluster. Helium is strongly bound to the helium-vacancy cluster, and it can stabilize the cluster, thereby increasing cluster lifetime by dramatically reducing thermal vacancy emission. The binding of helium and vacancies to a helium-vacancy cluster greatly depends on the helium-to-vacancy ratio of the cluster. For clusters with extremely highmore » helium-to-vacancy ratios, it was observed that the collective motion of helium atoms produces bubble pressures large enough to spontaneously create additional vacancies and associated self-interstitial atoms at the periphery of the cluster. Finally, the possibility of athermal production of self-interstitial atom (SIA) loops (i.e., dislocation loop punching) from the cluster is discussed.« less


Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the U.S. and many countries globally. The role of improved glycemic control in ameliorating the exceedingly high mortality risk of diabetic dialysis patients is unclear. The treatment of diabetes in ESRD patients is challenging, given changes in glucose homeostasis, the unclear accuracy of glycemic control metrics, and the altered pharmacokinetics of glucose‐lowering drugs by kidney dysfunction, the uremic milieu, and dialysis therapy. Up to one‐third of diabetic dialysis patients may experience spontaneous resolution of hyperglycemia with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels <6%, a phenomenon known as "Burnt‐Out Diabetes," which remains with unclear biologic plausibility and undetermined clinical implications. Conventional methods of glycemic control assessment are confounded by the laboratory abnormalities and comorbidities associated with ESRD. Similar to more recent approaches in the general population, there is concern that glucose normalization may be harmful in ESRD patients. There is uncertainty surrounding the optimal glycemic target in this population, although recent epidemiologic data suggest that HbA1c ranges of 6% to 8%, as well as 7% to 9%, are associated with increased survival rates among diabetic dialysis patients. Lastly, many glucose‐lowering drugs and their active metabolites are renally metabolized and excreted, and hence, require dose adjustment or avoidance in dialysis patients.


As COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths ravaged US meat-processing facilities, companies and officials supported production instead of people. Analyzing the content of newspaper articles, court records, press releases, and company websites, we argue that (1) despite their "essential" status, meat factory workers are a disposable labor force; and (2) factory worker dispensability is the result of a racialized historical process. The expendability of primarily immigrant and people of color laborers takes place in what we call a "death world economy"—a system through which corporations, together with the state, normalize the relegation of bodies to disease, injury, and death across time and space. Responding to the intensification of this violence during COVID-19, plant employees and their families advocate for their communities' safety needs, highlight industry inaction, and demand accountability from companies and state officials.


Abstract Low-cost and environmentally friendly removing processes for contaminated soil by oil, such as phytoremediation, are being evaluated in recent years. We aimed to select the most effective cultivar among 6 cultivars in 4 species of genus Zinnia that can be grown under Japanese environmental conditions for the phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils. In addition, both total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of the soil and the soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were assessed over the growth period. The above-ground and under-ground dry matter weights of 6 cultivars in non-contaminated plot were significantly higher than those in contaminated plot. However, plant heights of 6 cultivars at 180 days after sowing in contaminated plot were as high as those in non-contaminated plot. Growth of 'Starbright' was the latest in all cultivars, and 'Uproar' and 'Sombrero' at 180 days after sowing in contaminated plot was curled up the above ground. These results were judged that 'Starbright', 'Uproar' and 'Sombrero' were not suited for growing in contaminated soil. No significant difference was observed in the TPH concentrations of 6 cultivars at 60 days after sowing between contaminated plot and the irrigated plot. However, 'Sombrero', 'Profusion' and 'Oldfashion' are the cultivars with a lower concentration for TPH at 180 days in the contaminated plot. DHA of 6 cultivars in contaminated plot at 180 days after sowing were significantly higher than that of irrigated plots, especially those of 'Starbright' and 'Profusion' were much higher compared to the other 4 cultivars. These results clarified that 'Profusion' and 'Starbright' are suited for high depuration in contaminated soil.


The interaction of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) with a major fraction of serine proteinase (SepII) from Aspergillus sojae was investigated. The stoichiometry of the reaction of α2M with SepII showed that SepII bound to α2M in a molar ratio of about 2:1. The complex (α2M-SepII) was separated by PAGE and chromatograph. About 80% inhibition of the proteinase activity as to the hydrolysis of casein and succinyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Suc-LLVY-MCA) was observed. The residual activity of the complex was completely abolished by chymostatin and antipain, which were powerful inhibitors with Ki values of 3 × 10-8 and 5 × 10-8, respectively. Immunoelectrophoresis of the complex showed its weak cross-reactivity with antiserum to SepII (anti-SepII). The activity of the complex was partially abolished by the anti-SepII. Examination of electron micrographs left little doubt that a conformational change in shape took place. The entrapment reaction with α2M was completed within 30 sec. When the α2M-SepII complex was incubated at pH 3.6, a triphasic course was observed. Activation of the complex was observed within 10-17min, while inactivation was observed after 10-17min incubation. And then the activity remained at several % of the initial level. The complex was found to exhibit enhanced pH stability at pH 3.6, while alkali and heat denaturation were observed not to have drastic effects on its stability.


For fractional inverse heat conduction problem (FIHCP), this paper introduces a numerical study. For the proposed FIHCP, in addition to the unknown function of temperature, the boundary heat fluxes are also unknown. Related to the two independent variables, the proposed scheme uses a fully spectral collocation treatment. Our technique is determined to be more accurate, efficient and practicable. The obtained results confirmed the exponential convergence of the spectral scheme.


Researchers everywhere are being pushed to collaborate. Individual academics are being urged to join teams, small teams are encouraged to merge with others to become bigger teams, and institution-wide and inter-institutional collaborations are spreading. With potential benefits including increased chances of funding, visibility, and impact, why, asks Jenny M. Lewis, are social scientists not embracing collaboration more? Might it be the value they place on their autonomy, the freedom to pursue their own ideas and choose which topics to work on, that is constraining them? Researcher interviews suggest it may actually be time pressures and managerial constraints that are bounding autonomy, crowding out space to develop collaborations.


Water quality assessment is an essential part of water resource management. This paper presents a new GWO-SVM method for water quality assessment. Through comparison with GS-SVM and GA-SVM, we found that GWO-SVM model has the highest accuracy, the highest squared correlation and the lowest mean squared error when testing the three indexes of PI, TN and TP.The GWO-SVM model proposed in this paper was used to analyze the water quality data of Dongting Lake from 1993 to 2012. The results showed that: As far As the PI is concerned, the water quality is mainly in grade I and II, with the best water quality in autumn and 2008-2012.As far As TN is concerned, the water quality is mainly of grade IV and V,With the best water quality in autumn and the worst in spring, water quality was the best from 2003 to 2007 and the worst from 2008 to 2012.In terms of TP, the water quality is mainly of grade III,IV and V, with the best inlet water quality, the worst water quality In the south dongting lake, the best water quality In summer,The best water quality between 1993 and 1997, and the worst water quality between 2003 and 2007.


ABSTRACT Complementary schools are an important research area of Second Language Acquisition study, involving issues of identity, linguistic socialization, second language acquisition, linguistic hegemony, etc. This article looks at the Czech Complementary School in Thessaloniki, whose main purpose is the transmission of the Czech language and culture to generations to come. At the same time, the article attempts to highlight the attitudes, identities and language management practices of mothers involved in Czech schooling and the process of language learning by their children. More specifically, the focus of the article is on mothers' language ideologies and management practices, i.e. on the intersection of research on complementary schooling and Family Language Policy. The role of mothers as custodians of the heritage language is highlighted. The research is based on ethnographic data: interviews, class observations and student reflection (via diary) on children's language use. The results show that these mothers are making efforts to transmit Czech to their children for reasons of culture, identity and 'good motherhood'.


Answer to Referee #1 General comments: Taking in account Referee's suggestions we clarified the methodology used to identify Saharan dust events at Mt. Cimone. Moreover, we more highlited possible influence of radiative role of mineral dust on photolysis processes affecting ozone chemistry. Finally, we improved the analysis of dust influence on PM10 and O3 concentrations recorded in Italian cities of the Po valley area. Major issue: 1) A section (2.4) concerning the methodology applied to select dust event at MTC ("Identification of Saharan dust reaching Mt. Cimone") has been inserted in the 2nd


This paper examines two methods of computing fundamental group which are covering space method and the Van Kampen theory method. Van Kampen theory method is more analytical than the cover space method; the idea is used to solve a geometrical problem of global nature by first reducing it to homotopy theory problem which in turn reduces to an algebraic problem and solves as such. In 2001, H. Fausk et al [1] and Hu [2] showed the isomorphism between left and right adjoint theory and its application to homotopy categories, bearing in mind that homotopy group are higher dimension of fundamental group. In this paper detail explanations of fundamental group and homotopy group will be given. Various definitions and explanation of concepts, which are directly or indirectly related, will also be considered with illustration on how fundamental group can be calculated. This paper also reviews that in principle any space that can be broken up into pieces can have its fundamental group described by generators and relations via Van Kampen's theorem


Taxi reservation system is developed for the Association of Taxi Companies Batu Pahat. The system is developed based website aims to facilitate users taxi company to make a reservation. Application of this book will be approved by the administrator. The system administrator can update the taxi booking application and issue a report on consumer booking system. This system was designed and developed using the prototype model approach has four phases: Planning, Analysis, Design and Implementation. Interfaces are used to develop this system is Adobe Dreamweaver CS6. The programming language used is PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) and XAMMP used as a web server. With the taxi booking system, consumers will be able to make reservations online as well as make it easier and save time. Factors colour selection, concept presentations, text and colours were chosen to suit the theme of the show and the ease of use and feel the comfort in using this system.


ABSTRACTLaw Number 35 of 2009 based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, was implemented based on justice, protection, humanity, order, protection and security. Often the authority to try becomes a dilemma for judges when there is a conflict between certainty and a sense of community justice. So it is predictable that the high number of narcotics users greatly affects the number of prisoners/inmates of narcotics abuse cases who enter prisons/detention centers, even though the best place they need is a rehabilitation center. The government, law enforcement officers and the media always provide information about marijuana abuse, if there is abuse the public should also be given information about the 'justification' of marijuana. Here, political will is needed from the government to review policies and provide objective facts about the benefits and dangers of cannabis plants, because politically this can reduce public trust in the government. Based on the facts and explanations of the above, the researchers are interested in conducting legal research on "Restorative Justice for convicts of narcotics users Golonga1 marijuana"


The combination of organic and inorganic materials forms unique composites with properties that neither of the two components provides. Such functional materials are considered innovative advanced materials that enable applications in many fields, including optics, electronics, separation membranes, protective coatings, catalysis, sensors, biotechnology, and others. The challenge of incorporating inorganic particles into an organic matrix still remains today, especially for nanoparticles, due to the difficulties in their dispersion, de-agglomeration and surface modification. NanoGram has pioneered a nanomaterials synthesis technology based on laser pyrolysis process to produce a wide range of crystalline nanomaterials including complex metal oxides, nitrides and sulfides and with precisely controlled compositions, crystal structure, particle size and size distributions. In this paper we will present some examples of nanocomposites prepared using different polymer host materials and phase-pure rutile TiO2 . The inorganic component can be dispersed at higher 50 weight percent into the polymer matrix. We have demonstrated a 0.2–0.3 increase of refractive index in the composite over that of host polymer while maintaining high optical transparency. These nanocomposites can be used in a range of applications or optical devices, such as planar waveguides, flat panel displays, optical sensors, high-brightness LEDs, diffraction gratings and optical data storage. Experimental data on TiO2 nanoparticle characterization, dispersion technique, surface modification and will be presented and nanocomposite properties discussed.© 2006 ASME


The article analyzes the level of food use of grain components during varietal grinding, in particular gluten, and the effect of peeling before grinding on it. A criterion indicator of the level of food use of gluten is proposed, taking into account its losses with bran. The dependence of the criterion index on the degree of peeling (% of the shutter opening at the outlet of the peeling machine δz) was experimentally obtained and its optimal value was determined ηcl = 77.3% at δz = 70%, taking into account the technological feasibility of the peeling process.


Background: Most of the currently available therapies for peptic ulcer disease have their own limitations and an ideal therapeutic agent is not yet available in the market.Hence,we decided to explore the cytoprotective potential of Indian Medicinal Plants namely Phyllanthus emblica and Asparagus racemosus along with ranitidine as a positive control in various animal models. Aims & Objective: To evaluate the cytoprotective effect of the extracts of Phyllanthus emblica (PE) and Asparagus racemosus (AR) in preventing gastric erosions, ulcerations and inflammation induced in rats. Materials and Methods: Cold immobilization stress, ethanol (99.9%), aspirin were the experimental models selected for inducing gastric erosions and ulcerations. Ulcer index , erosions, oedema, congestion and inflammation were the parameters studied for assessing gastric damage whereas carrageenininduced rat paw oedema model was used to induce inflammation. Ranitidine was used as a positive control. Results : The two drugs chosen for the study namely Phyllanthus emblica and Asparagus racemosus prevented gastric damage significantly in the ethanol group (p<0.05) and cold stress group (p<0.05). In the aspirin group, erosions, oedema, congestion and inflammation were remarkably reduced by PE cold water extract (PECWE) and PE hot water extract (PEHWE) and in the AR treated groups when compared with the control group. PECWE and PEHWE showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.05) comparable to aspirin thereby proving their role in inflammatory disorders. In our study, AR also showed a significant protection (p<0.05) against ethanol, cold stress and aspirin group. Conclusion : The present study supports that ethanol, cold simmobilization stress and aspirin induce gastritis, gastric erosions and ulcerations and Phyllanthus emblica and Asparagus racemosus have significant potential as prominent cytoprotectants against these toxic effects.


Constrained by the discrete time delay resolution of the digital processing device,the spectrum of current DRFM-based linear range gate stealer(LRGS) signal may produce "harmonic effect".Thus it can be detected by the target PD radar through the method similar to doppler side-lobe detection.Based on the analysis of sufficient conditions to avoid "harmonic effect",an improved DRFM hardware structure is proposed in this paper.The proposed DRFM is based on sample clock delay controlling of DAC.Simulation experiments also demonstrate the efficiency of this method.


The apparatus and method of the present invention provide logic for processing information. In one implementation, the apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a selection of a portion of the displayed content from the user. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire data corresponding to the selection. This data includes text data. The specifying unit is configured to specify a keyword in the text data, and the control unit is configured to generate a signal for emphasizing the keyword in the displayed content.


The course of signing "Constructive Acceleration Contract" is also the course of gaming among owner and contractor about the cost.The study of this paper is based on their game strategies and bring forward the game model in order to guide the negotiation and realize more excellent economic efficiency.


Stay cable is a very important element in a cable-stayed bridge because cables support the bridge deck. The best way to identify the state of the cable is to estimate the tension. In general, acceleration data was used to estimate the cable tension, but it is difficult to install the sensor. In this paper, the cable tension estimation method using UAV is proposed. The displacement can be extracted from the vibration image of the cable. Then, the mode of cable was found by modal analysis to estimate the tension.


Global stability is examined for nonlinear feedback dynamical systems subject to unsupervised learning. Only differentiable neural models are discussed. The unconditional stability of Hebbian learning systems is summarized in the adaptive bidirectional associative memory (ABAM) theorem. When no learning occurs, the resulting BAM models include Cohen-Grossberg autoassociators, Hopfield circuits, brain-state-in-a box models, and masking field models. The ABAM theorem is extended to arbitrary higher-order Hebbian learning. Conditions for exponential convergence are discussed. Sufficient conditions for global stability are established for dynamical systems that adapt according to competitive and differential Hebbian learning laws.<<ETX>>


Information Extraction, the procedure where only relevant segments of text are extracted from a document, has been applied to several real world problems including stock quote extraction and comparison shopping. This thesis presents a method of Information Extraction where HTML pages are analyzed first at the structural level and secondly at a semantic level. Furthermore, this thesis presents a software agent that crawls the web in search of ongoing MIT lectures, seminars, and events. The software agent individually parses events and provides users with a web interface to a database of heterogeneous events. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Szolovits Title: Professor


q 2000 British Association of Dermatologists, British Journal of Dermatology, 142, 1047±1070 had a 3-year history of coronary heart disease. Treatment with intravenous penicillin did not change his skin condition. A biopsy of lesional skin showed a thickened dermis with thickened collagen bundles separated by clear spaces with mucin deposition (Fig. 1a). Before treatment, 20 MHz ultrasound of sclerotic areas revealed a substantially increased skin thickness and skin density. Due to the coronary heart disease, we performed cream PUVA therapy instead of PUVAbath therapy. Psoralen cream (final concentration 0 ́001% 8-MOP) in a water-in-oil emulsion (30% H2O) was prepared as previously described. To control the final concentration of 8-MOP in the cream and stock solution, high-performance liquid chromatography was performed. Four times a week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday), 8-MOP cream was applied in an even layer for 1 h to the sclerotic areas of the upper back and shoulders. The minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) was determined before the first treatment. Application of 8-MOP cream was followed by ultraviolet (UV) A administration at increasing doses (starting dose 30% of MPD), up to a maximum single dose of 3 ́5 J/ cm. The UVA irradiation equipment consisted of a UVA cabin (model 8001, Waldmann, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany) emitting exclusively UVA in the range 320±400 nm with a peak at 365 nm. The patient was given a total of 35 UVA irradiations (total cumulative UVA dose 114 ́5 J/cm). This resulted in marked improvement in his range of motion and in softening of the skin. Ultrasound assessment (20 MHz) after therapy showed a significant decrease in skin thickness and skin density as compared with before the initiation of cream PUVA therapy. This was also confirmed by histopathological analysis of a post-treatment biopsy (Fig. 1b). PUVA-bath therapy, in which patients are immersed in an 8-MOP dilute bath-water solution immediately followed by UVA irradiation, has been developed to avoid unwanted effects due to absorption of psoralens. It has been reported to be highly effective in patients with sclerosing skin diseases. Only recently, successful treatment of three patients with SA using PUVA-bath therapy has been described. Thus it seems likely that other variations of topical PUVA therapy may also be of benefit for patients with sclerosing diseases of the skin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of SA with cream PUVA therapy. The mechanisms responsible for reduction in skin thickness in SA with PUVA therapy are unknown, but it is possible that it may modulate the biosynthetic capacities of dermal fibroblasts, as suggested in localized scleroderma. Cream PUVA therapy is easier to organize than PUVA-bath therapy, and it therefore might become an important alternative type of topical PUVA therapy. The mechanisms by which topical PUVA therapy induces regression of sclerosis need to be elucidated.


CONCLUSION The primary aim of the management of stridor is to identify its cause, secure the airway, and restore normal respiratory function. All children, on acute presentation, should be managed according to paediatric life support guidelines. A thorough history is an essential aid to diagnosis. The most common medical cause of stridor is croup. In cases of chronic stridor, airway endoscopy by a paediatric otolaryngologist is required to unveil underlying surgical and medical pathology. All children with stridor should be investigated thoroughly until a diagnosis is made and the appropriate treatment is initiated. Authors' affiliations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


This paper reports a "single-transistor" Class-F−1 power amplifier (PA) in 65 nm CMOS, which operates at the microwave center frequency of 6 GHz. The PA is loaded with a Class-F−1 harmonic control network, employing a new "parasitic-aware" topology deduced using a novel iterative algorithm. A dual-purpose output matching network is designed, which not only serves the purpose of output impedance matching, but also reinforces the harmonic control of the Class-F−1 harmonic network. This proposed PA yields a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 47.8%, which is one of the highest when compared to previously reported integrated microwave/millimeter-wave PAs in CMOS and SiGe technologies. The amplifier shows a saturated output power of 14.4 dBm along with an overall gain of 13.8 dB.


Historically, humanity has improved the design of everything it has built, either by improving its functionality or beautifying its appearance. Nowadays, it is necessary to improve the design in order to improve sustainability. A clear example is the alternative internal combustion vehicles, which expel pollutant gases into the atmosphere such as NOx which is spoken in the EEA (European Environment Agency) in its "Air Quality in Europe 2018", and one of the solutions being adopted is to improve the design of vehicles to, among other alternatives, electrify them.This article shows how the design of electric vehicles has been adapted to improve its sustainability and functionality from a vehicle built in 1916 to a current vehicle of 2019.


After the joining of Spain to the EU, the economic and social cohesion has become the second European policy, in relation to the volume of resources. Spain is the country that manages the larger volume of European funds. From 2000 uncertainties will affect both the amount of resources allocated and the he allocation criteria, in the context of the EU enlargement and the introduction of the single currency. In this paper we make an overview of the evolution and application of EU funds in Spain in the last decade.


At present,the programming capability of students in computer science is poor in our country,so we made bold reforms in programming course,and we put forward a new programming–capability-building mode which is based on web-teaching and it's core is task-driven.In this mode,student is body,teacher is only a instructor.The student study basic knowledge use web-teaching system by themselves,and the teacher instructs students making practice through a wealth of tasks in class time.It can enhance the student's programming-capability effectively and change the situation that the student is afraid of practice by use this mode.


R. PRESIDENT, FELLOW MEMBERS OF THE M James Ewing Society, and distinguished guests-I am deeply grateful to have been asked to give the Annual James Ewing lecture. T h e roster of my predecessors is impressive! It is a great honor, and I thank you from the bottom of my heart. Jt is appropriate at this time to pay tribute to the great and kindly man who so graciously allowed the use of his name by this Society. Dr. Ewing, of course, had an orderly mind and he, above all others, realized that human cancer is not a single disease-with a single cause-and therefore amenable to a single cure. He was a man of frugal instinct and had a practical approach to the solution of problems. Although not a clinician, Dr. Ewing, because of his strong personality, had a great influence on the management of cancer at Memorial Hospital in its early history. For personal reasons, he was fundamentally opposed to surgery if other measures would suffice. For this rea$on, radiation therapy was stressed over surgery when I arrived at the hospital. Carcinoma of the anterior or mobile portion of the tongue is the most common form of oral cancer, and even with the advances in surgery and radiation therapy it remains a highly lethal disease. I would like briefly to review the history of the treatment of lingual cancer at Memorial Hospital, as I know it. During my rather long stay at Memorial Hospital, approximately 3000 patients with lingual cancer were observed on the Head and Neck Service. T h e percentage of lesions (upwards of three-quarters) arising on the anterior two thirds of the tongue remained almost the same as seen today. During my early experience at the Hospital, radiation therapy in its various forms was the usual initial treat-


Continuous passive motion exercised by special devices called artromot is a well-known method of lower limb rehabilitation. It is seldom used for mobilisation of large joints of upper limb like shoulder, elbow or wrist joint. Until recently this method could not be applied for mobilisation of smaller hand joints because of lack of suitable device. The newest device--Artromot-F belonging to the group of CMP-device seems to meet such requirements. The paper presents it's application.


Temperature and salinity series near the seafloor at Espartel Sill (Strait of Gibraltar) have been used to analyze the thermohaline variability of the Mediterranean outflow. The series shows temperature drops by the end of most winters/early springs, which are the remote response to Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) formation events in the Gulf of Lion that uplift old WMDW nearby the strait. This process distorts the seasonal cycle of colder/warmer water flowing out in summer/winter likely linked to the seasonality of the Western Alborán Gyre. The series shows positive trends in agreement with previous values, which are largely increased after 2013. It is tentatively interpreted as the Western Mediterranean Transition (WMT) signature that started with the very cold winters of 2005 and 2006. It was only after the large new WMDW production of 2012 and 2013 harsh winters that WMT waters were made available to flow out of the Mediterranean Sea.


Temporally long‐ranging (=long‐lived) taxa have been postulated to have unusual properties that aid their prolonged geologic survival. Past studies have examined dispersal capabilities, geographic ranges, and single‐character morphological adaptations as factors that may contribute to geologic longevity. Here, I test whether long‐lived fossil crinoid taxa are morphologically unusual using a whole suite of morphological characters. I define long‐lived taxa in several explicit, comparative ways. I find that long‐lived crinoid genera and families are often less distant from mean morphologies of their crinoid orders than their shorter‐lived relatives; that is, they are relatively less specialized. I also compare the morphology of crinoid genera relative to basal members of their respective orders; mean morphological distances of long‐lived genera from basal morphologies are seldom distinct from those of their shorter‐lived relatives. I observe that long‐lived crinoid genera are less distant from mean morphologies of their temporal cohorts compared with shorter‐lived genera but not in a statistically significant manner. I conclude that long‐lived crinoids are relatively unspecialized, in the sense that they are relatively closer to mean morphologies of their taxonomic groups.


Embryonic stem cells(ESCs),the undifferentiated pluripotent cells derived from inner cell mass in blastulastage,are characterized by endlessly self-duplication,self-renewal and multi-differentiation.Under some special condition,they can be induced differentiation to specialized cells of organs and tissues,which could be considered as the in vitro model and applied for drug effectiveness and toxicity screening,and drug safety prediction research in the early phase of novel drug development.This review elucidates the differentiation of ESCs,the applications mediated by ESCs in drug safety evaluation research and ESCs-based metabonomics for drug safety prediction studies.


Listening to an earlier Java is a fascinating historical study of gender and aes thetics in Central Javanese music and society.2 It is a fine example of historical ethnomusicology, the 'insights gained through studies of living music cultu res to better understand their pasts' (Shelemay 1980:233). Weiss conducted several years of fieldwork in central Java, where she developed close personal relationships with musicians and dhalang (puppeteers), and learned to play central Javanese gamelan. Her reflexive approach to writing about her field work brings these people and ideas to life, and her vivid descriptions of Ja vanese soundscapes will resonate with anyone who has ever spent time on Java. The book is a joy to read, peppered with superbly translated examples of Javanese poetry, tales from the field, and stimulating analytical insights. Weiss focuses on what she calls the 'old style' of playing the gender, a met allophone with thirteen or fourteen bronze keys suspended over tube reso nators. Old-style playing was crystallized in villages in the Surakarta-Klaten area in the mid-nineteenth century, and gained strength in the first fifty years of the twentieth century. Old-style playing is marked by the predominance of female gender players, whereas it is primarily males who play the new style. Wayang puppet theatre was the main site for old-style playing, where female gender players typically accompanied male dhalang. But as the new male-cen tric style of gender accompaniment became dominant during the post-inde pendence period, the female style receded in popularity. The book deals with more than women's roles in music, as Weiss states in the introduction. Rather, the book treats gender as an ideological system of social relations that has changed along with other aspects of Javanese society during the last 150 to 200 years. One of the main points of the book, which comes through loud and clear, is the gendering of the new-style and old 2 The term 'gender' appears in italics when referring to the musical instrument; the term 'gen der' as a system of male-female social relations appears in regular script.


A nonlinear descriptive single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) model of the hemodynamic response (cardiac output and mean arterial pressure) in acute ischemic heart failure to the inotropic drug dopamine was developed to facilitate the design of closed-loop control systems. The structure of the cardiac-output component is a first order system with a sigmoidal relationship, while the mean-arterial-pressure component is a first-order system with a threshold. Overall, the model gave good approximations of mean empirical responses. Parameter identification was performed on positive step (drug on) and negative step (drug off) testing using multiple (2 mcg/kg/min-6 mcg/min) infusions of dopamine in a canine model of acute ischemic heart failure. Parameter estimation utilized a least-squares objective function and a linearized form of the step response of the model in the time domain.<<ETX>>


Si are known as typical electrical materials. Figure l(7) shows a phase diagram of the Cu-Si system. Since this system has a so-called deep-well type eutectic, the preparation of amorphous alloys having various compositions may be expected to be possible. However, little work dealing with the Cu-Si alloys in the amorphous state and their crysallization has been reported in the literature. This paper described the crystallization and recrystallization of amorphous Cu-Si alloys having


The purpose of this study to investigate the effect of body acceleration and temperature on the solute dispersion in blood flow through an artery treating the blood as a Casson fluid model. The Casson fluid model in a circular straight pipe is formulated mathematically. Velocity of Casson fluid model is determined by solving momentum and constitutive equations. The concentration of solute, dispersion function and mean concentration are obtained by solving the convective diffusion equation using Generalized Dispersion Model (GDM). The influenced of body acceleration and temperature are investigated on the solute dispersion in blood flow and discussed graphically. The velocity of blood flow increases with the increases of body acceleration and slip velocity. When the temperature, yield stress and plug core region increases, the velocity decreases. The body acceleration, yield stress and plug core region increases in the center of the artery and dispersion decreases in the outer region near the wall. Dispersion begins to increase in the outer region near the wall due to the decreases in viscosity causing the temperature in the middle of the artery decreases. Mean concentration increases as the body acceleration, temperature, yield stress, plug core region and stenosis height increases. Acceleration in human body affect the mean concentration of solute. The effects of small temperature variations can cause severe damage to the human body which affect the overall blood behavior in the circulation and reduces viscosity. This research is significant to determine the effectiveness of solute dispersion when body acceleration and temperature are taken into account in blood flow through artery.


L. Borowska†1,2, A. Surzhykov3, Th. Stöhlker4, and S. Fritzsche1 1University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany; 2KINR, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; 3MPI–K, Heidelberg, Germany; 4GSI, Darmstadt, Germany The two–photon decay of (hydrogenlike) atoms has been studied intensively both, by theory and experiment. However, while most investigations in the past have dealt with neutral hydrogen or low–Z ions, recent interest was focused also onto the region of high–Z ions [1]. Apart from the total decay rates and spectral distribution functions, further details about the two–photon decay can be obtained by studying the angle–angle correlations between the two emitted photons. Such angle–resolved case studies often appear to be more sensitive to relativistic and nondipole effects [2]. In all theoretical investigations on the angular correlation of the (two) emitted photons, the initially excited state of the ions was assumed to be not aligned, an assumption which is not well justified in most experiments. In fact, since the excited states are produced in radiative recombination, collisional excitation, or inner–shell ionization, they are more often then not aligned if not even polarized along the direction of the incoming ion beam. In our recent work, we applied the density matrix theory to investigate the photon–photon angular correlations in the (two–photon) decay of aligned hydrogenlike ion. Within this theory, the population of the excited ionic states and their subsequent decay are closely related to the so– called alignment paramerers Ak. The relation between these alignment parameters and the angle–angle correlations of the subsequently emitted photons is obtained [3]


The problems faced by MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic include decreased sales, difficulty in raw materials, hampered distribution, decreased capital and production.The objectives of this Community Service are: (1) Strengthening the sales strategy using an online platform. (2) Introducing MSME owners about what applications can be used to help business development, (3) Maximizing the use of sales with an online platform, (4) Introducing using Googe Ads to support businesses to MSMEs. The method used is in the form of: preparation, implementation in which there is an evaluation of activities. After carrying out activities, MSMEs can develop their business by taking advantage of sales with the online platform, especially by using Google Ads to support business. Thus, the opportunity for MSME players to attract the right group of customers is even greater. This application can be used by MSMEs.


One's own epoch is experienced as a situation in which the present itself stands, and this is not merely in the sense of standing over against the past but rather simultaneously in the sense of a situation in which the future will be decided or has been decided. Thus the awakening and vigilance of historical consciousness is not something self-evident or pregiven in life. It is much more a task to be developed. Martin Heidegger, "Wilhelm Dilthey's Research and the Struggle for a Historical Worldview (1925)"


In Walter Bower's Scotichronicon, Robert the Bruce speaks confidently about saintly help for the Scottish forces at the Battle of Bannockburn. Based on which saints are depicted elsewhere in the Scotichronicon as being helpful to Scots, which were favoured by Robert the Bruce personally, and which were popular among Scots more broadly, this paper makes an informed conjecture about how Saints Andrew, Thomas, Columba, Ninian, Margaret, Kentigern, and Fillan might have been among the saints that King Robert and his subjects were thinking about when they looked to the saints at the Battle of Bannockburn.


In 1994 the Merriespruit gold tailings dam in South Africa failed, resulting in 17 deaths. The post-failure investigation provided no explanation as to why the catastrophic flow failure, which cont...


p73 gene and p51 gene are new members of the tumor suppressor gene p53 family. Studies have shown that the abnormality of p73 gene and p51 gene has relation with many tumor development. The abnormality expression of p73 gene and p51 gene can reach averagely 60 percent in some digestive system carcinoma. Further study may be helpful to recognize carcinoma nature and bring a new target for tumor gene therapy.

Key words:
Genes,p53 ;  Digestive system neoplasms


The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (lNEL) is conducting intensive research in the design and development of a small excore heat-pipe-thermionic space nuclear reactor power system (SEHPTR). The SEHPTR spacecraft will be able to supply 40 kW of power in any given orbit. Figure 1-1 shows a conceptual diagram of the SEHPTR spacecraft. The key components in this reactor are the thermionic heat pipes. The heat pipes have two major functions: first, to convert heat energy into electrical energy, and second, to radiate the excess heat to space.


In this paper, the distribution of the potential barrier V(x,U) formed between two closely spaced metals in an external applied voltage U is calculated, using the Green's functions of the nonlocal Poisson equation. The dielectric functions of the dissimilar metals we determine in the Thomas-Fermi approximation (TFA).


A new tetranuclear nickel compound, showing µ-CO3 bridges and butterfly topology has been synthesised and structurally characterised. The complex [Ni4(µ-CO3)2(aetpy)8][ClO4]4, where aetpy corresponds to (2-aminoethyl)pyridine, crystallises in the tetragonal system, space group P4(2)2(1)2 (no. 94), a = 14.523(4), c = 16.566(5) A and Z = 8. Magnetic measurements show an overall antiferromagnetic behaviour with a quasi-degenerate set of spin levels S = 0, S = 1 and S = 2 as a ground state, which may be rationalised in terms of a spin frustration system.


Economic regulation is pervasive and takes on many faces, some of which are ignored in the literature, and in which the objectives and policies of the regulatory agency are uncertain. Examples include legalized gambling, licensing of taxicabs and tow truck operators and agricultural market orders and allotments. Common to this class of regulatory activities are multiple instruments of regulation and unclear objectives of the regulatory agency. Multiple policy instruments are used in regulating legalized gambling; the case we analyze is horse racing. These regulatory instruments generally include the expected price of betting (the proportion of bets not returned to winners) and the availability of betting opportunities including the number of establishments, their location, hours of operation, employee licensing and drug testing. The objectives of regulatory agencies overseeing legalized gambling are often unknown or are ambiguous. Welfare maximization and efficiency are the common regulatory objectives assumed in the literature. We, however, consider a broader set of goals. We consider three specific alternative pragmatic objectives:


In this paper the project of a small wind turbine for urban application has been described. The project of a horizontal small wind turbine presented in this paper was made for the purposes of taking part in ISWTC, but the main target was to develop a turbine for urbanized regions starting in conditions of low wind speed. In this paper a description of aerodynamic and mechanical design are presented; also, control and safety systems are discussed. This turbine has the potential to become a cheap energy generator for household use and can be a competitor of vertical small wind turbines.


Patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who has normal systemic arterial pressure and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are considered to have sub-massive pulmonary embolism (SPE), with 3-month mortality risk of 21%. The benefit of the current therapy other than anticoagulation including thrombolytic therapy (TT), embolectomy, and IVC filter insertion, in the absence of cardiogenic shock, is still debated. Vasoconstrictive mediators (including thromboxane-A and serotonin) have an important role to play in the increase of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and ultimately in developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) in acute phase. A study by Idrees et al. described a beneficial effect of inhaled iloprost in five patients with SPE, in whom there is an improvement in WHOfunctional class (WHO-FC), 6-min walk distance (6MWD) test, and echocardiographic parameters. Iloprost, an inhaled prostacyclin approved for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, exerts long-term benefits through antiproliferative and antithrombotic effects, but is also a potent acute pulmonary vasodilator with the duration of action of approximately 60 min. (Published: 16 August 2013) Citation: Libyan J Med 2013, 8 : 22391 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v8i0.22391


N-Benzyloxycarbonyl protected u-substituted and α,β-disubstituted taurines were synthesized from olefins and epoxides via N-benzyloxycarbonylamino alcohol thioacetates as key intermediates. They are important sulfur analogues of naturally occurring amino acids and building blocks for the synthesis of u-substituted and α,β-disubstituted β-sulfonopeptides.


Objective
To explore the clinical value of 99Tcm-tetrofosmin (99Tcm-TF) in the diagnosing of lung neoplasms.

Methods
99Tcm-TF lung affinity tumor imaging data from 41 patients in our department were retrospectively reviewed. Chest computer tomography (CT) and 99Tcm-TF SPECT lung affinity tumor imaging were performed within one week before treatment. Diagnostic efficiency of the two methods in identifying lung neoplasm characteristics were evaluated by comparing final diagnosis results. Cases were grouped into tumor sizes, as follows: not less than 3 cm and less than 3 cm with a 3 cm threshold. The diagnostic efficiencies of 99Tcm-TF SPECT imaging of the two groups were compared.

Results
The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99Tcm-TF imaging in diagnosing lung neoplasm were 66.7%, 35.7%, 56.1%, 66.7% and 35.7%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for chest CT scanning were 92.6%, 50.0%, 78.0%, 78.1% and 77.8%. Thus, CT was more sensitive (χ2=5.594, P 0.05) . The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99Tcm-TF imaging for the group with a size of not less than 3 cm were 78.9%, 25.0%, and 69.6%, whereas the corresponding values for the group with less than 3 cm size were 37.5%, 40.0%, and 38.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found in specificity (χ2=0.28, P>0.05) between the two groups, but sensitivity (χ2=4.352, P<0.05) and accuracy (χ2=3.858, P<0.05) were significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions
CT was superior in diagnosing lung cancer compared with 99Tcm-TF. The value of 99Tcm-TF may be improved when clinical doctors screen the proper patients.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms; 99Tcm-tetrofosmin; Tomography, emission-computed, single-photon; Tomography, X-ray computed