This paper presents the implementation of a time-delay radial basis function (TD-RBF) neural network (NN) using three VLSI neural network systems. 1) A chip for implementing self-organising maps; 2) a radial basis function chip 3. A back-propagation learning chip; 3) the first chip was implemented using mixed mode technology, while the other two chips used analogue technology. The chips have been fabricated and a TD-RBF NN been applied successfully to the task of phoneme recognition. Analogue technology has been adopted mainly in order to attain the high processing speeds that analogue neural networks can acquire. Analogue technology also provides the benefit of designs with reduced power dissipation, low voltage operation and lower area cost.


We consider a simple scalar reaction‐advection‐diffusion equation with ignition‐type nonlinearity and discuss the following question: What kinds of velocity profiles are capable of quenching any given flame, provided the velocity's amplitude is adequately large? Even for shear flows, the answer turns out to be surprisingly subtle.


--- The present study has as objectives: To establish the relationship that exists among the level of knowledge, practices on feeding and the nutritional state of the patients with tuberculosis of the center of health Jose Carlos Mariategui; to identify the level of knowledge has more than enough the patients' feeding with tuberculosis, to identify the practices on the patients' feeding with tuberculosis; to value the nutritional state of the patients with tuberculosis; to establish the existent relationship between the level of knowledge and the practices on the patients' feeding with tuberculosis; to establish the existent relationship among the practices on feeding and the nutritional state of the patients with tuberculosis; being the hypotheses: The level of knowledge is related directly with the practices on the patients' feeding with tuberculosis; the practices on feeding are related directly with the nutritional state of the patients with tuberculosis.


11004 Background: Physicians who are female and/or belong to racial/ethnic groups underrepresented in medicine (UIM) face disparities in salary, promotion, and leadership opportunities in academic oncology. Also, growing rates of burnout, increasing burden of documentation/administrative tasks, and lack of adequate supportive staff represent threats to workforce retention, particularly for female and racial minority subgroups. We evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with likelihood of leaving their specific academic institution in a national sample. Methods: We obtained national faculty data from the AAMC's StandPoint Faculty Engagement Survey, conducted between 2017-2020 with 25 U.S. medical schools. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine differences in likelihood of leaving their institution within 1-2 years by sex and UIM status. Multivariate analyses (MVA) examined the associations between likelihood of leaving their institution and self-reported sex, year born, sexual orientation, UIM race/ethnicity, degree, academic rank, and administrative role. Results: We identified 724 oncology faculty at academic institutions (overall response rate 64%). Slightly less than half of oncologists self-identified as female (42%, n = 303) and only 7% (n = 47) as UIM. When asked about the likelihood of leaving their current institution, 22% (n = 152/687) of oncologists reported being at least somewhat likely to leave within the next 1-2 years. Notably, 26% of female oncologists reported they were likely to leave, compared to 19% of males (p = 0.022); no differences were observed by UIM status (p = 0.714). MVA identified sex as associated with likelihood of leaving; females had 78% higher odds of leaving their institution within 1-2 years (aOR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.13–2.79). Among those likely to leave, 46% (n = 72/157) reported intent to leave academic medicine completely; rates were similar across sex and UIM groups (p = 0.746). When evaluating workplace experience, most oncologists (86%, n = 621) felt respected in their workplace. Among those reporting feelings of disrespect in the workplace, 16% of female oncology faculty felt disrespected due to their gender (n = 47), compared to 0% of male oncologists. A small number of faculty reported disrespect due to age (n = 26), race/ethnicity (n = 11), sexual orientation (n = 2), marital status (n = 10), or religion (n = 7). Females endorsed greater feelings of disrespect in all categories other than religion. Conclusions: Female oncologists are almost twice as likely to state they are likely to leave their academic institutions within 1-2 years; this aligns with published data on attrition of female faculty in academic medicine. Our findings confirm the persistence of these trends in the modern era and stress the urgency of improving workplace experience, culture, and supports in order to preserve and enhance the diversity of faculty in academic oncology.


This paper describes an innovative and possibly unique practice in the application of a multi-year, group-based, real world project approach to Information Systems (IS) education among undergraduate students. The Team Project Scheme (TPS) exists within the Information Systems Institute (IS]) at the University of Salford in the UK. Within the framework of 3 year undergraduate degree programmes, students from all years of study come together in groups to solve real-life business problems. This paper provides an outline of the approach along with some discussion of pedagogical, assessment, and other practical issues that have emerged from the work. It demonstrates how, with a considered and critical approach, it is possible to successfully reconcile academic learning objectives with real-life project demands in a diverse range of contexts.


Abstract : Mental disorders are a significant source of medical and occupational morbidity for sailors. The literature suggests that stigma, fear of negative career impact, and subordinates' concern about leaders' attitudes are significant barriers to the use of mental health services. Semi-structured interviews and military policies were used as data sources to analyze the language, knowledge, and attitudes of Navy surface fleet leaders about mental illness and mental health treatment using Foucault's concept of discourse analysis. A discourse is a system of knowledge that influences language, perceptions, values, and social practices. The data shows that concerns about sailors' mental combat readiness, not mental illness stigma, were the dominant discourse of leaders' attitudes about mental illness and subordinates' mental health services use. In particular, organizational differences between the surface warfare and the mental health communities may influence leaders' attitudes more than stigma. This study provides an elaborated view of mental health knowledge and power within a Navy community. That view can be used to identify practical concrete implications for further research on stigma in the military and for improvements to fleet mental health services.


Women (n = 1443) expecting their first child were studied to examine whether prepregnancy headache predicts problems in the well‐being of pregnant women and newborns. Subject collection was based on stratified randomized cluster sampling.


PURPOSE: To continuously coat a window glass with a flexible sheet by continuously moving the glass and the sheet together forward at an acute angle, and using a pressure along a contact line of the sheet and the glass, thereby temporarily bringing the sheet into contact with the glass by removing the air. CONSTITUTION: The window glass 1 is moved in a direction of an arrow F. A transparent sheet 2 of one highly elastic polyurethane having a thermoplastic polyurethane layer or one polyurethane is stored as a wound sheet band, and the sheet is guided in a direction of an arrow G at an acute angle α to the glass. A fish tail shape die 3 is disposed in a space formed of the glass 1 and the sheet 2, the air is continuously sucked out of the space 8 via a nozzle gap 1 made of an elastomer to form a vacuum in the space 8. A frictional coefficient between the sheet and a nozzle lip is reduced by this vacuum or a higher pressure than the atmospheric pressure formed above the sheet 2, and the lip and the sheet is sealingly brought into contact with one another. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Soil erosion and sediment delivery to rivers are important drivers for land degradation and environmental change in mountain agroecosystems.  These factors are especially severe in areas affected by intermittent heavy rainfalls after dry periods, and human practices such as deforestation or clearcutting practices. Many Mediterranean mountain environments underwent conversion of rangelands into croplands during the previous centuries increasing the risk of erosion. After land abandonment the process was gradually reversed during the middle of the 20thcentury, allowing the recovery of natural land cover and reduced soil erosion rates. To further control the high erosion rates, several afforestation programs introduced pine forests at the headwater of most Mediterranean mountain catchments transforming the landscape by terracing and reducing the sediment connectivity. However, nowadays, forests’ different management could lead to high erosion rates and subsequent landscape modifications. To understand the possible effect of these practices together with the current agricultural management, we have combined the strength of empirical data and spatially distributed modelling. Surface soil samples from different land uses were collected in a representative catchment at the foot of Santo Domingo range at the border of the central Ebro River valley. The study catchment was mostly cultivated at the beginning of the 19th century but changed to rangeland and pine afforestation in the last 50 years. The remaining croplands are predominated by rainfed agriculture that leaves soils mostly unprotected from June to January when erosive storms occur. The main land uses are croplands, pine afforestation, scrubland and Mediterranean forest.

In this study, we propose an ensemble technique composed of 137Cs derived soil redistribution rates as specific point values and as a calibration tool for the widely used WaTEM/SEDEM sediment delivery model. Thus, by the use of ground truth and modelled data we aim to i) apply the WaTEM/SEDEM model at the catchment scale and calibrate it with 137Cs derived soil redistribution rates for finding an optimal set of input parameters; ii) examine the effect of clearcutting and agricultural practices on the total erosion; iii) compare the modelled results with recently calculated sediment apportionments by using the sediment fingerprinting technique.

Our findings highlight the use of spatially distributed models combined with 137Cs derived rates as a powerful tool to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in the last decades and to delineate the hotspot areas that could suffer high erosion if subjected to certain management practices.


Legislation is one way to eliminate sensitizers und irritants. Purity requirements, declaration and labelling, industrial health codes and pre‐employment occupational aptitude examinations are useful in combating occupational and contact dermatitis by drugs and products of daily use. Chromium compounds, turpentine, balsam of Peru, benzocaine and others can be eliminated by administration and legislation.


Abstract We prove for all k ≥ 4 and 1 ≤ l k / 2 the sharp minimum ( k − 2 )-degree bound for a k-uniform hypergraph H on n vertices to contain a Hamiltonian l-cycle if k − l divides n and n is sufficiently large. This extends a result of Han and Zhao for 3-uniform hypergraphs.


SUMMARYCell surface and endocellular polysaccharides of growing and differentiated Dictyostelium discoideum have been isolated and characterized with electrophoretic and chromatographyc procedures.The mould exhibit a very eterogeneous family of sulphated polysaccharides which are externalized during the differentiation.The possible role of cell surface polysaccharides in the differentiation process is discussed.


Backgroundand Purpose:
 There is no established glycemic control for acute ischemic stroke. Patients' outcomes may be deteriorated by strict glycemic control with sliding-scale insulin therapy (SSIT) via hypoglycemia. We aimed to investigate baseline characteristics, frequency of hypoglycemia and outcome in diabetic patients who received SSIT in acute ischemic stroke.

 Methods:
 Consecutive ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) admitted to our hospital within 7 days of onset from 2008 through 2010 were studied. DM was defined as having prior diabetic medications, fasting plasma glucose (PG) of 126mg/dl, 2-h PG of ≥200 mg/dl during a 75g OGTT, random PG of ≥200 mg/dl, or HbA1c (NGSP) of ≥6.5%. Physicians in charge decided whether the patient was treated with sliding scale insulin therapy (SSIT) at admission. Hypoglycemia was defined as having PG of ≤80 mg/dl during hospitalization. Favorable outcome was defined as mRS 0-1 at 3 months.

 Results:
 Of a total 258 ischemic stroke patients with DM (193 men, 72 ± 10 yo), 130 (96 men, 71±10 yo) received SSIT (SSIT group) and the remaining 128 (97 men, 73±9 yo) did not (N group). Patients in the SSIT group more frequently took prior diabetic medication (72% vs 53%, p=0.001), had higher initial PG (199±85 mg/dl vs 156±78 mg/dl, p<0.001), higher HbA1c (7.8±1.9% vs 6.8±1.2%, p<0.001) and higher initial NIHSS [median 4 (IQR 2-7) vs. 3 (IQR 1-5), p=0.028] than those in the N group. Hypoglycemia tended to be more common (15% vs 7%, p=0.050) and favorable outcome tended to be less common (43% vs 54%, p=0.081) in the SSIT group than in the N group. In the SSIT group, 19 patients showing hypoglycemia were older (76±8 years vs 71±10 years, p=0.031), more frequently took prior diabetic medication (95% vs 68%, p=0.015), and had lower admission levels of PG (163±68 mg/dl vs 206±86 mg/dl, p=0.040) and HbA1c (6.9±1.3% vs 7.9±2.0%, p=0.035) than those in the remaining 111 patients without hypoglycemia.

 Conclusions:
 Acute ischemic stroke patients with prior diabetic medication, poor glycemic control before onset and severer stroke symptom often received SSIT. Hypoglycemia was found in one seventh of patients treated with SSIT. We have to be careful especially when aged patients or diabetic medication users receive SSIT.


A robot's ability to complete a task is heavily dependent on its physical design. However, identifying an optimal physical design and its corresponding control policy is inherently challenging. The freedom to choose the number of links, their type, and how they are connected results in a combinatorial design space, and the evaluation of any design in that space requires deriving its optimal controller. In this work, we present N-LIMB, an efficient approach to optimizing the design and control of a robot over large sets of morphologies. Central to our framework is a universal, design-conditioned control policy capable of controlling a diverse sets of designs. This policy greatly improves the sample efficiency of our approach by allowing the transfer of experience across designs and reducing the cost to evaluate new designs. We train this policy to maximize expected return over a distribution of designs, which is simultaneously updated towards higher performing designs under the universal policy. In this way, our approach converges towards a design distribution peaked around high-performing designs and a controller that is effectively fine-tuned for those designs. We demonstrate the potential of our approach on a series of locomotion tasks across varying terrains and show the discovery novel and high-performing design-control pairs.


Jane Eyre, a full-length novel written by Charlotte Bronte in Victorian era deeply affected females. England was in a harsh reality in the 19th century---women live at the bottom of society and are suffered from male oppression and discrimination. Even educated women are subjected to dependency on the rich because of their poverty. Females in the upper class, however, accepted arranged marriages as their ultimate destination. Thus, Charlotte, as a woman writer, put her own ideals and pursuits in Jane Eyre to reveal the unequal status of women and want to use this work to encourage women to fight for their inherent rights. In this way, this paper will find out the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte to prove it is an autobiography from feminist prospective.


With the large amount of videos produced every day, Content-Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) has become a necessity by describing each video with a compact and significant signature in order to efficiently retrieve the desired video from a large collection. In this work, we present a CBVR system applied on face recognition based on key frames. The first step in this system consists of extracting key frames from videos using Face Quality Assessment (FQA) and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN). Starting by generating face quality scores for each face image using three face feature descriptors (Gabor, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HoG)). Then, we train a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) in a supervised manner in order to select frames having the best face quality. Experiments on several datasets has shown that the proposed "DeepFQA" method gives promising results in terms of accuracy and precision/recall curve.


There is an increasing need to understand the processes in which key decisions are made within the criminal justice system. While women in the Irish prison system are still very much in the minority they are the fastest growing population in prison and are currently experiencing overcrowding unknown in living memory in Irish prisons. It is too soon to comprehensively examine the origins of the recent policy decision to retrofit bunk beds and dormitories in Irelandâ?Ts largest womenâ?Ts prison (DA³chas Centre) and what other possible solutions were explored, for example, why a proposed new facility was cancelled. However, it is possible to examine the origins of the DA³chas Centre, which was responding to a crisis of its era.


This essay investigates the creation of a "third" identity through intimate creative collaborations. The case studies include three contemporary artistic duos working within the media of performance art. These include: Mark Steger and Hannah Sim of osseus labyrint (USA), Andre Stitt and Tara Babel (N. IE), and Paul Couillard and Ed Johnson (CA).


Explanations of turnover from extant management research focus on the what (content) and how (process) of turnover. This study engages a sensemaking framework to explore the why (meaning) for employees of quitting or staying at an employing organization, in order to add a new layer to our understanding of retention and turnover. Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with leavers and stayers, both post hoc and in situ, using grounded theory methods, reveals identity and well-being assessment sensemaking cycles, which occur periodically or when threat to core elements of identity and well-being across life domains is perceived. Core elements of identity and well-being include purpose, trajectory, relatedness, expression, acceptance, and differentiation. Perceived threat to identity and well-being across life domains leads to varying levels of psychophysiological strain, coping with threat and strain, and reassessment, often in escalating cycles resulting in turnover and continuing into new jobs. Lack of threat to, or facilitation of, identity and well-being, and successful coping result in retention. Overall, these findings suggest that from the perspective of the actors "being retained" or "turning over," these phenomena are part of a deeply felt quest for positive, congruent identity and psychological well-being across life domains. Along with other research, these findings suggest that when people consider leaving jobs, it may invoke a liminal identity stage, which makes family and other life domains salient to turnover decisions. Implications for research on retention, turnover, identity, well-being, work-life, and psychophysiological health in organizations, as well as practical implications, are discussed.


Works on the optimization of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems have been done extensively because of its high amount of building electrical energy usage. This paper provides a review on the optimizations works of HVAC systems based on three main approaches – HVAC operational parameters optimization, HVAC controller parameters optimization and building design parameters optimization. For the system's operational parameters, the optimization is based on the HVAC's conventional and predictive energy consumption models which is clear the predictive HVAC system models can get better response to reduce energy consumption compare to conventional energy consumption model. In most works, the thermal comfort model, either indicated by the indoor air quality (IAQ) or the predicted mean vote (PMV) was included. It is be noticed that between IAQ comfort index and PMV comfort index the PMV had a better response that can get 46% reduce the energy consumption. In addition, in the HVAC's controller optimization approach, its objective is to improve the output response of the HVAC system in order to avoid unnecessary energy usage by optimizing the controller parameters that employ controllers such as Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. It is clear that among the different controller optimizations mentioned above the fuzzy logic tuning optimization has a better response to reduction of energy consumption rather than other controller optimization approach. Meanwhile, the optimization of building design parameters approach is done before the construction of the buildings so as to reduce the energy consumption, where factors such as HVAC system type, construction material type and window dimensions are determined through the optimization process. This paper reviews the works based on the three approaches of HVAC system optimizations with the objective of reducing energy usage without sacrificing the comfort of occupants inside the building that is recommended to use predictive HVAC system approaches with fuzzy logic controller. Moreover, comparing different tools for building parameter and design optimization including SEDICAE, EXRETopt and EneryPlus, the EXRETopt by using PMV comfort index makes to 62% reduction of energy consumption.


A thesis submitted to the Department of History and Political Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, College of Art and Social Sciences. November 2011.


To provide a suitable corresponding anchoring element to be anchored way fixing element anchoring, and anchoring in the object material under conventional conditions anchoring is impossible or extremely difficult. An anchoring element 1 is provided with coupling input face 1.2 serves to couple mechanical vibrations 5 to anchoring element 1, coupling the input surface 1.2 is not parallel to the compression axis. Anchoring element 1 comprises the steps further comprises a thermoplastic material forming at least a part of the surface of the anchoring element in the area around the surface enlargement, the method of providing a bore 21.1 in the object 21, the bore 21. comprising the steps of positioning the anchoring element 1 in 1, in the anchoring element 1 positioned, and coupling the compressive force 4 and mechanical vibrations 5 through the coupling input surface. .FIELD 4


The application of the CAE software in the foundry field is presented in this paper.The casting technique of chuck for machine tools was analyzed by using of CAE software,which can predict the casting defects accurately.The casting technique was improved according to the results of numerical simulation which increased greatly the overall yield and quality of the castings and decreased the production cost.


strategy against softness and softness against toughness, an exploitative model of behavior (pp. 153, 165). In the process, Bartos also refines his models to improve their predictive power by cranking in the notion of endgame, a leap to agreement frequently associated with deadline bargaining. He then turns to outcome models and examines some well-known game theoretic solutions to a 2-person game: Nash, Shapley, Raiffa, and Braithwaite. Again, experimental data substantiate the Nash solution, although the endgame phenomenon examined under process brought the largest amount of deviance (p. 231 ) . There is further discussion of assumptions and a composite theoretical model, before arriving at the core conclusion: toughness increases payoffs but decreases chances of agreement (pp. 275, 302). The conclusion is carefully and elaborately built out of the assumptions and developed using both mathematical reasoning and experimental data. Among the recent works on negotiation, Bartos book is both the most comprehensive in handling the general field and most painstaking in developing its own approach, although Cross' Economics of Bargaining (1969) is a close second and Coddington's Theories of the Bargaining Process (1968) is a more compact work. Neither Young's Bargaining (1975) nor Rubin & Brown's


Objective:To investigate the effects of ShenShuai mixture on the residual renal function(RRF) of patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) with spleen-kidney Qi(yan)-deficiency type and explore the protective effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese Medicine on the RRF of patients treated by CAPD.Methods:56 patients with spleen-kidney Qi(yan)-deficiency were randomly divided into control group(routine CAPD) and treating group(CAPD plus oral ShenShuai Mixture).Before and after the treatment,the changes of residual renal KT/V and residual renal Ccr were compared.Results:While maintaining the efficiency of CAPD,the decline rate of KT/V,Ccr on the residual renal in treating group was slower compared with control group.Conclusion:ShenShuai mixture could delay the decline rate of RRF in patients receiving CAPD treatment.


It introduces a readout method and circuit design of a 10-channel Switch-Capacitor Array ASIC for the PAD Array of Gas Electron Multiplier detector.The front-end readout electronics,the architecture of switch-capacitor array circuit,the ASIC design,and the test result of the chip are discussed.The 10-channel chip can extend to more channels for large-scale PAD array of GEM detector.


This study aims to determine the influence of the Presentation of Financial Statements and Accessibility of Financial Statements on the Accountability of Regional Financial Management at the BKD office of West Sumatra Province the year is 2020. With the purposive sampling method as many as 40 respondents from BKD office employees. Using the SPSS 25 Application to test: Instrument Test (Validity Test, Reliability Test), Classical Assumption Test (Normality Test, Multicollinearity Test, Heterochedasticity Test) Hypothesis Test (T Test, Determination Test, Simple / Multiple Linear Regression Test). After testing, it was found that the presentation of financial statements has an influence on accountability of Regional Financial Management, which is mean that the hipotesis is accepted. Accessibility of Financial Statements has not influence on accountability of   Regional Financial Management, which is mean  that the hipotesis is not accepted.


Simultaneous radio, visual, and ultraviolet observations of the RS Canum Venaticorum binaries UX Arietis and HR 1099 are reported. The joint program covered the interval 1976 September 22 through October 3. The observations consisted of radio flux density measurements at 1660, 2695, and 8085 MHz; uv spectrophotometry of L..cap alpha.. and Mg II h and k; H..cap alpha.. and Ca II H and K spectroscopy; V-band photometry; and UBV polarimetry. A quasi-sinusoidal variation in V was observed in both systems. The period of this variation was approximately equal to the orbital period. No significant optical polarization was observed from either system. Variable radio emission was detected from both binaries throughout the program. Variable H..cap alpha.. and L..cap alpha.. emission were observed from HR 1099. UX Ari also exhibited L..cap alpha.. emission. Multiple Mg II emission components with peculiar velocities up to 250 km s/sup -1/ were often seen from both systems. Each Mg II observation also exhibited a strong and variable central velocity component which always seemed to match the orbital velocity of the more massive star in each system. HR 1099 exhibited strong Ca II H and K emission which was not significantly variable. The joint observations provide strongmore » evidence for chromospheric activity associated with the more massive star in each binary. Although the radio emission is produced in a larger volume than the optical and uv activity, temporal correlations suggest that a physical connection may exist between the two phenomena. 14 figures, 2 tables.« less


A coalition of health professionals, academics, trade unionists, and others is being launched next week (February 20) in Barcelona to defend the right of citizens in the autonomous region of Catalonia to have access to public health services.

Opposition to the present Catalan Health Department, run by Marina Geli of the Catalan Socialist Party (PSC-PSOE), has been mounting in recent years because increasing privatisation has led to inequalities in healthcare provision.

The 1990 Catalan Health Law set up a "mixed" public-private model for hospital services that made certain services more accessible to people who can pay, even though the Catalan Health …


Research purposes: Aiming at the open and merge between solid track bed and foundation base of the enriched tunnel in the process of the railway operation,the causes of diseases is analysed,reasonable management measure is taken,which is used to plug underground water and grout the disease area,so as to ensure the structure safety of the process of the railway operation.Research conclusions: Through the practice of construction,the method of composite anchor anchoring and quantitative amount pressure grouting which is used to cure disease is viable. The result of altitude monitoring shows that there is no obvious deformation happens before and after grouting construction,the grouting pressure can satisfy with the line safety control requirements. The result of dynamic monitoring results of the solid track bed when there is the train pass by shows that solid track bed is in a stable state,there is a good reinforcement effect in the disease area. The results of the study can provide a reference for similar enriched water tunnel diseases treatment.


Coagulation abnormalities are critical diseases that threaten the survival of patients. Ferulic acid can regulate the blood coagulation function in two aspects. This paper reviews and discusses the reported mechanisms of the antithrombotic activities of ferulic acid. Previous studies suggested that ferulic acid played a role in antithrombosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation and protecting the endotheliocyte. Meanwhile, ferulic acid has fewer side effects on the platelet, leukocytosis and gastrointestinal tract, because it can promote the formation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and protect the intestinal cells from injury. Therefore, ferulic acid is a potential protector from thrombotic diseases, such as cardiovascular dysfunction, pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis.


Power communication integrated network management system plays a significant role in the planning, design and maintenance of the whole power communication network. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the current power communication network and the corresponding integrated network management system, and improves the design of the existing power communication network integrated network management according to Sdn. This network management system can be used as a supplementary system for the current power system integrated network management function, realizes the global visualization of the power communication network, and provides a strong support for the operation and maintenance of the power communication network. The test running environment is built in the laboratory to realize the mapping of physical route and logical link. The preliminary verification test of the new network management system based on openflow technology is carried out, and the key design methods and ideas of the system are given.


Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complicated and long-term medical challenge that requires suitable guides for bridging nerve injury gaps and restoring nerve functions. Many natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate nerve conduits as well as luminal fillers for achieving desired nerve regenerative functions. It is important to understand the intrinsic properties of these polymers and techniques that have been used for fabricating nerve conduits. Previously extensive reviews have been focused on the biological functions and in vivo performance of polymeric nerve conduits. In this paper, we emphasize on the structures, thermal and mechanical properties of these naturally derived synthetic polymers, and their fabrication methods. These aspects are critical for the performance of fabricated nerve conduits. By learning from the existing candidates, we can advance the strategies for designing novel polymeric systems with better properties for nerve regeneration.


This paper is presented to show how technical organizations have allowed written communications to deteriorate, why they have deteriorated, and what can be done to improve the situation. There is specific information given on grammatical rules and techniques thai have been long forgotten by most engineers but need to be resurrected. The roles of an organization and its management are given so that firms may try to implement programes for improvement.


Abstract : The techniques of flow visualization and their application in wind tunnels, water channels, and experiments related to propulsion research are reviewed. These techniques can be classified roughly into three major groups: Surface flow visualization, scattering from flow tracers, and density sensitive flow visualization. The progress in laser optics and the wide-spread use of computers has led to the development of novel techniques and evaluation procedures, which are included in the review; e.g. laser-induced fluorescence, speckle photography, image processing, and optical tomography. Emphasis is given to the discussion of the physical background of the methods. Information on technical details is provided by means of a number of sample photographs and by respective references.


Enumeration of peripheral blood T cells, functional T cell subsets, and B cells by immunogold staining (IGS) was compared with analysis by flow cytometry in 52 renal allograft recipients. Results by the IGS method compared favorably with those obtained by flow analysis. IGS is a simple, inexpensive technique that is readily adaptable to the setting of posttransplant immune monitoring.


The possibility that subclinical thyroid disease during pregnancy can impair the offspring's cognitive development has long been postulated (N Engl J


Myopia continues to be a serious public health problem due to the steady increase in the prevalence of the disease and the presence of serious complications leading to the loss of vision. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia among medical students. Materials and methods. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the myopia-related data in the 1st-6th year students of various faculties of Kazan State Medical University. The prevalence of myopia was assessed using the medical record of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis. 352 medical records were processed, 323 of them were included in the study. Results. Myopia was detected in 69% of students, 2% had other eye diseases. 42% of students had mild myopia, 21% – moderate myopia, 6% – high myopia, 29% of respondents did not suffer from any eye diseases. According to our data, the prevalence of myopia among female students was 69%, among males – 66%. It was estimated that among students who use vision correction devices, 17% of students started wearing glasses/contact lenses at the age of 10, 43% – at the age of 10 to 15 years, 34% – at the age of 15 to 20 years, 6% of students started using vision correction devices being older than 20 years. Conclusion. The high prevalence of myopia among students of Kazan State Medical University (69%) was revealed. In most cases, myopia developed before entering the university; this demonstrates the need in prophylaxis of nearsightedness not only in students, but also in schoolchildren.


The impact of indoor air quality on the well-being and comfort of a building's occupants are key to creating an indoor environment which increases human performance. To date, efforts to improve indoor air quality have focused on creating thermal comfort and on developing technical means of reducing odor pollution. However, it has not yet been possible to translate these efforts into a corresponding improvement in the "dissatisfaction level" expressed by building occupants. Conventional approaches are bound to remain incomplete because they fail to take account of physiological and psychological effects of the sense of smell. Acceptable indoor air quality can only be achieved if the reduction in air pollution is combined with the addition of natural olfactory stimulants with sufficient positive attributes. Indoor air will only be perceived as acceptable if olfactory criteria are taken into consideration in addition to the traditional criteria of thermal comfort. Furthermore, it is necessary to set high standards for the use of the olfactory stimulants which are added to the indoor air. There are a number of specific requirements for the selection and dispersion of these substances.


PALANTE (PAtients Leading and mANaging their healThcare throug EHealth) is an EU project where 9 different countries/regions in Europe and 21 partners participate to establish new services for existing patient related communication solutions. The partners also work to ensure that the solutions are taken into use in a large scale and will perform a common evaluation. The evaluation will be carried out in cooperation with Sustains, a twin project that covers further 12 regions/countries in Europe. The evaluation will therefore in total be the largest evaluation of patient activation that has ever been performed. The aim of the evaluation is to assess and deliver significant results regarding how electronic health care services are accepted by patient users and how these services effect and have impact on patient empowerment.


The present invention is the map search relates to a service providing method and system, and more particularly, for providing the map data search service provided by the search on the map data in the associated area and movement path of the user to search the map associated with the route result to the mobile terminal It relates to a method and system. Providing the map data search service method according to the invention also comprising: maintaining a map data in a predetermined map database (the map data comprises periodic data including period identifier corresponding to the associated cycle position data and the periodic location data to the period ), the method comprising: receiving position data associated with a location on the route from the mobile terminal, the method comprising: using the map data and the position data set a region range including a predetermined section on the route, the region from the map database, retrieving a period position data included in the range, and the cycle data containing the retrieved periodic location data characterized in that it comprises the step of transmitting to the mobile terminal. Map search, POI data, map data, the mobile communication terminal.


"Shirakat" (شراکۃ) is an Arabic word. It is a noun. Its root letters are ش ر ک which means partnership. A partnership deed ( عقد بین المتشارکین) is a document or instrument in which the terms of partnership contract are written and authenticated by the parties. Each one of the party is called a partner (شریک). The partnership firm is called Shirkat (شرکۃ).Partenrship or shirakat contract signifies the conjunction of two or more persons to carry on a business to share the profits by joint investment as prevalent at the legislative period. It may be a partnership in a specified amount of capital; in labour or contribution of labour and skill; and partnership in credit where not capital is contributed and the partners buy and sell on credit under an understanding that they shall divide the profits. A partnership of mixed character may be in cases of capital and labour, agricultural fields and labour; industrial enterprises and similar things. Where the contract of partnership is to share capital and profit it is called 'Aqd bayn al-Mutasharikayn (عقد بین المتشارکین). Where partnership is not in profit but in the capital it is called Mudarabat here partnership is neither in capital nor in profit it is called Bidaat (بضاعۃ). The essential element of partnership is joining or mixing up with each other of the capitals. Partnership business is valid according to the Shari`ah.People used to do their business by forming partnerships during the period of the Messenger of Allah (صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم) and the Messenger of Allah (صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم) did not object to do so. Rather he (صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم) made in prevalent on better terms. The Messenger of Allah (صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم) said: Among two partners I am a third partner till they do not commit dishonesty. But when a partner commits dishonesty I exit out of them. Shirkat and Shirakat are synonyms. People of different kinds and different approaches of minds join in partnerships and run the business by division of work. For Partnership more than one person is needed otherwise it will be no partnership. There must be at least two persons to make a partnership and there my be more than two persons.


4D-STEM is gathering momentum, especially for phase measurements, but it is severely limited by artefacts from the serial acquisition process. This abstract has two interconnected parts; the registration of 4D-STEM series as a means to improve the quality of 'raw' 4D-STEM data and a direct comparison of two popular 4D-STEM based atomic resolution phase measurement techniques, namely center-of-mass (COM) based analysis of Ronchigrams [1] and ptychographic reconstruction of sample potential [2-3] using the same data sets.


Research on teacher quality is derived from a Western model of education that is obsessed with student achievement. Often comparisons with student achievement in East Asian societies leave Western policymakers asking: "why aren"t our students as good as theirs?" The answer is often that improvements in teacher quality are the key variable in enhancing student achievement and much policy effort is spent on identifying the links between the two variables. Qualifications, licensing arrangements, teacher education, salary incentives, instructional style and teacher efficacy have all been nominated as likely ingredients in this elusive construct of "teacher quality".


Abstract : The possible role of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved stress‐activated kinase, in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes was studied. AMPK activity in rat cortical astrocytes was three times higher than in rat cortical neurons. AMPK in astrocytes was shown to be functionally active. Thus, incubation of astrocytes with 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a cellpermeable activator of AMPK, stimulated both ketogenesis from palmitate and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. This was concomitant to a decrease of intracellular malonyl‐CoA levels and an inhibition of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase/fatty acid synthesis and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase/cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, in microdialysis experiments AICAR was shown to stimulate brain ketogenesis markedly. The effect of chemical hypoxia on AMPK and the ketogenic pathway was studied subsequently. Incubation of astrocytes with azide led to a remarkable drop of fatty acid β‐oxidation. However, activation of AMPK during hypoxia compensated the depression of β‐oxidation, thereby sustaining ketone body production. This effect seemed to rely on the cascade hypoxia → increase of the AMP/ATP ratio → AMPK stimulation → acetyl‐CoA carboxylase inhibition → decrease of malonyl‐CoA concentration → carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deinhibition → enhanced ketogenesis. Furthermore, incubation of neurons with azide blunted lactate oxidation, but not 3‐hydroxybutyrate oxidation. Results show that (a) AMPK plays an active role in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes, and (b) ketone bodies produced by astrocytes during hypoxia might be a substrate for neuronal oxidative metabolism.


Let $k\geq 2$ be an integer. Given a uniform function $f$ - one that satisfies $\|f\|_{U(k)}<\infty$, there is an associated anti-uniform function $g$ - one that satisfied $\|g\|_{U(k)}^{*}$. The question is, can one approximate $g$ with the Gowers-Host-Kra dual function $D_{k}f$ of $f$? Moreover, given the generalized cubic convolution products $D_{k}(f_{\alpha}:\alpha\in\tilde{V}_{k})$, what sorts of algebras can they form? In short, this paper explores possible structures of anti-uniformity on Euclidean spaces.


Soil salinity has been a limiting barrier for the production of vegetables in protected environments. Thus, the understanding of the sensitivity of species to this stress factor must be explored, seeking better growing conditions. Under the hypothesis that beet and radish crops are sensitive to variations in soil salinity, even at low levels, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development and productivity of these two species in soils with different salinities in a protected environment. The experimental design was completely randomized and treatments were formed by the soil salinity levels, obtained with the application of saline solution (NaCl in water), considering the soil electrical conductivity of 0.36 dS m-1 as low salinity, of 1.05 dS m-1 as moderate salinity and 2.43 dS m-1 as elevated. For all variables analyzed, except for the relative chlorophyll index in beet plants, it was found that the increase in soil salinity resulted in significant development losses of beet and radish plants. Therefore, we concluded that beet and radish crops are sensitive to the variation in soil salinity, even in relatively low concentrations, making these species an unattractive choice for cultivation in systems that present this problem.


This paper analyzes the feasibility of mobile learning terminals used in foreign language teaching,explore the design principles of mobile learning mode and language learning resources based on the mobile learning terminal proposed a new model of foreign language teaching based on the mobile learning terminal and initial attempt in teaching practice,achieved certain results.


The article presents the results of the analysis and comparison of social and political values in traditional Russian Proverbs and contemporary proverb transforms.


This article describes and accounts for the existing distribution of medical services in remote areas. In contrast to traditional geographical approaches which have sought to explain problems associated with service provision in remote areas in terms of high costs of overcoming vast distances and low population thresholds, it is argued that such geographical and economic factors alone are an insufficient basis for explanation. Rather, it is necessary to view this issue in the broader context of existing ideology that underpins the procedures relating to the allocation of society's scarce resources, and the role of political and bureaucratic processes that are responsible for health care inequities. The adoption of apolitical economy framework recognises the problem of resource allocation as essentially a political matter requiring an analysis of power relations.


Results of studying of clinical features and risk factors of development of ischemic illness of heart (IIH) at women young and middle-aged are submitted. It fixed, that at combined influence of risk factors at women of these age-grades educes IIH which is characterized by high frequency of an atypical pain set of symptoms, absence of obstructive lesions of coronary arteries at 53,7 % of patients, more often development of an infarct without зубца Q.


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Digital attribution sounds rather simple in that it involves isolating advertising tactics and assessing their impact on consumer decision making. But in a complex digital environment, advertisers must navigate through a variety of consumer platforms and touch points to find the


The Chipaya language, an endangered isolate of the Bolivian highlands, has a set of three enclitics, =l, =m and =ʐ, which are coreferential with the subject of a clause but are not necessarily attached to it and are not obligatory. In this paper, I investigate the pragmatic function of these forms. The salience-marking enclitics (henceforth SMEs) occur at paratactic and hypotactic discourse transitions, where they indicate a shift in salience, thereby contributing to creating discourse coherence. Discourse transitions without a shift in salience are not accompanied by the enclitics. Those enclitics that occur at paratactic transitions have scope over at least the segment whose beginning and/or end they occur in, whereas SMEs at hypotactic transitions have scope over the clause they appear in. Use of the SMEs is genre-specific.


Auctions, both traditional and electronic, are a pervasive social organisation for the valuation and exchange of goods and services. Despite the long-standing interest in integrating internet contributions into the more traditional auction such initiatives have remained problematic. We consider the organization of interaction of sales of fine art and antiques and develop a prototype 'intelligent' gavel system that is designed to enhance remote participation and ease the flexible ways in which internet contributions are legitimately integrated into live auctions. We present the findings of a quasi-naturalistic experiment involving the use of the system by auctioneers and its consequences for the general development of technologies to support internet participation in live co-located events.


This study aims to discuss the experience of bullfighting organized in 19th century Porto Alegre, considering its relationship to the circulation of ideas of modernity in progress at that time. To reach this objective, newspapers published in the city between the years 1875 and 1900 were used as sources, especially A Reforma , A Federacao , Gazeta da Tarde and Correio do Povo . We hope to cast a glance at the state capital in that transition century, including aspects related to the peculiarities of traffic and reception of modern discourses. Keywords: Porto Alegre, bullfighting, modernity.


Chromosome attachment to the nuclear lamina is one of the main mechanisms of chromosome positioning in the nuclear interior. Previously, contacts of chromosomes with nuclear envelope in semi-squashed malaria mosquitoes nurse cells nuclei were discovered and its species-specificity was showed. We localized nuclear debris on poly-tene chromosomes of nurse cells of sibling species Anopheles atroparvus Thiel. An. messeae Fall. and An. beklemishevi Steg. et Kab. by chromosome immunostaining with using antibodies to fruit fly lamin Dm0. Distribution of lamin on the shortest chromosomes of the set XL chromosome was analyzed. Lamin was detected in distinct chromosome regions, mainly in interbands. We used only signals, which were found more than in four nuclei. These regions looked like bright bands and were detected in all analyzed specimens. If intra-specific polymorphism by lamin distribution take s place, it cannot be shown by using our methodical approach. However, we found some single nuclei, which had different signals in each homolog chromosomes. The brightest lamin signals quantity, width and their distribution along chromosomes are species-specific features. In An. messeae and An. beklemishevi lamin revealed in chromosome attachment regions, which was mapped during semi-squashed nurse cells nuclei investigation. The lack of lamin signals in XL chromosome attachment region of An. atroparvus is connected with specific morphology of pericentric regions and with limitation of preparation making. We did not observe significant concordance in lamin localization on XL chromosome in analyzed species. However, we found one similarity between An. messeae and An. atroparvus in lamin localization in 2b-2c region. In spite of similar localization, these regions differ from each other by intensity signals, which can reflect differentiation in the strength of chromosomes contacts. The obtained results do not prove data about evolution conservatism of lamin-associated domains localization in distinct cell types. Interspecific differences in lamin distribution along the XL chromosome suggest chromosome region structure transformation, which results in acquisition or loss of the attachment function or modification of the strength of chromosome contact with nuclear envelope.


This paper establishes that the information value, when defi ned in many different ways depending on player's knowledge, is positive for some specific types of messages and some specific classes of games. More precisely, it is shown that the information value is positive (i) for the receiver of a secret message, (ii) for the receiver of a private message in a zero-sum game and (iii) for all players when they receive a public message in a pure coordination game. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C72.


Much publicity has been given recently to such expressions as "Creativity, " "Brainstorming," "Synergy ," "Morphological, " etc. These terms are part of the vocabulary used in a relatively new science called Creative Engineering, which deals with fundamental principles and techniques for helping us to become more effective engineers. Although the subject of Creative Engineering is a vast one, even a brief review of some practical factors involved in the Engineering Approach, which is an important phase of this subject, should be of value. An engineer's activity may be divided into three general categories, namely :


We propose that an excitonic gap can be generated along nodal directions by Coulomb interaction in the mixed state of d-wave cuprate superconductors. In a superconductor, the Coulomb interaction usually can not generate any fermion gap since its strength is weakened by superfluidity. It becomes stronger as superfluid density is suppressed by external magnetic field, and is able to generate a gap for initially gapless nodal quasiparticles beyond some critical field $H_{c}$. By solving the gap equation, it is found that the nodal gap increases with growing field $H$, which leads to a suppression of thermal conductivity at zero temperature. This mechanism naturally produces the field-induced thermal metal-insulator transition observed in transport experiments.


A set of triaxial magnetic transmitting coils fed with low frequency sinusoidal signals can be tracked with a rotating uniaxial sensing coil. This is because the specific output signal of the sensing coil will reach a maximum value when the direction of its induced magnetic field points to the transmitting coils. Usually, a rotating method is used to find the maximum output direction based on the output signals from the sensing coil. This method needs a horizontal rotation phase and a vertical rotation phase to search for the maximum output and its accuracy depends on the rotation step size. In order to simplify the rotation process while maintaining the accuracy without reducing the rotation step size, an improved magnetic tracking method is proposed in this paper. It is found that when the sensing coil rotates in the horizontal plane, the specific output signals compose a sinusoidal curve. By extracting the amplitude, phase, and dc component of this sinusoidal signal, the distance and direction information between the sensing coil and transmitting coils can be estimated and no vertical rotating phase is needed. Another advantage of this method is that the tracking accuracy does not depend on the rotation step size once the sampling rate fulfills the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. Therefore, we can use sparse points to reconstruct the sinusoidal signal. Experimental results will show the effectiveness of this tracking method.


Abstract : Modern electronic warfare systems are directed against an ever increasing variety of electronic systems. It is necessary to intercept certain signals so that countermeasures or analysis can be accomplished. To accomplish the intercept, receiving systems with as high a probability of intercept as possible are required. This study examines factors causing probability of intercept to decrease and the methods that may be used to combat those factors. Receiving systems having unity probability of intercept are examined. Systems examined are the IFM, acoustooptic and two-tuple type receiver. The effects of external and internal noise, receiver and antenna scan factors, signal density, signal processors, display systems and bandwidth are factors limiting probability of intercept that are examined. One concludes that through proper design, systems can be achieved with unity intercept probability.


Indonesia has been undergoing a major health and nutrition transition over the past twenty or more years and there has begun a significant aging of the population as well. In this paper the authors focus on documenting major changes in the health of the population aged 45 years and older, since 1993. They use the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a large-scale, broad-based panel survey of households and individuals, covering 4 full waves from 1993 to 2007/8. Much of the changes can be seen as improvements in health, such as the movement out of undernutrition and communicable disease as well as the increasing levels of hemoglobin. On the other hand, other changes such as the increase in overweight and waist circumference, especially among women, and continuing high levels of hypertension that seems to be inadequately addressed by the health system, indicate that the elderly population in Indonesia is increasingly exposed to higher risk factors that are correlated with chronic problems such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In addition to documenting long-run changes in health and its distribution among the elderly Indonesian population, they examine correlations between socio-economic status, principally education and percapita expenditure, and numerous health outcome and behavioral variables.


Literature on leadership indicates an absence of general, integrative theory. Much of existing theory focuses on effective leadership, and on leadership processes, at the individual, group, or organizational level. Little emphasis is placed on whole system effect, and less on concerns for both people and performance. The theoretical framework developed and discussed addresses this inadequacy, presenting an integrative and general perspective of leadership that focuses on leadership responsibility to both people and performance.


The purpose of this paper is to propose an interactive method, which is designed to select the optimal preferred alternatives for the MNDM(Multi-N type Decision- Making) problems with the-Nominal-the-best characteristics. The basic idea of the paper is essentially to eliminate inefficient alternatives based on the concept of the lass function and the cutting range instead of using the utility/value function on the group of attributes that can be considered as important by the decision-maker. As a result, the method proposed in the paper for MNDM problems can be significant in that the change of characteristics is transformed into the size of loss, which can be relatively easy to understand by decision-makers.


In 2006, a safety campaign was launched in Auckland, New Zealand to combat a spate of drowning incidents associated with fishing from rocky foreshores. This paper provides data from surveys of fishers from 2006 to 10 to determine if preventive behaviors have been adopted after five years of safety promotion. The most significant change in self-reported behavior related to the increased use of life jackets with 34% (95% CI = 0.25–0.44) of fishers in 2010 compared with 72% (95% CI = 0.66–0.77) in 2006 reporting never wearing a life jacket. Some risky behaviors (such as consuming alcohol) and at-risk attitudes (such as overconfidence in their local knowledge) persisted. The cultural and linguistic diversity of fishers, together with their transient participation, make them a difficult group to reach with education interventions, although changes in life jacket use were encouraging. Continuation of the safety campaign is recommended, and ways to further enhance fisher safety are discussed. Rock-based fishing continues to be one of New Zealand's most dangerous pastimes. In the five years from 2005 to 2009, land-based fishing accounted for 25 drowning fatalities in New Zealand, 10% of all drowning incidents nationwide, and 29% of all beach-related fatalities (Water Safety New Zealand, 2010). New Zealand is not alone in its high fatal drowning toll. New Zealand's nearest neighbor, Australia, has recently reported similar incidents and concerns with 101 recreational fishing fatalities from 2000 to 2007, of which 62 fatalities occurred at beach/coastal locations (Crosariol, Vasica, & Franklin, 2010). This represents 10% of all Australian coastal drowning fatalities. Several Sydney black spots around Randwick and Sutherland (NSW) have been identified (Thompson, 2010). In 2006, a fisher safety campaign was launched in the Auckland region of New Zealand to combat a spate of surf-related drowning incidents associated with fishing from rocky foreshores. The Auckland Regional Council (ARC), WaterSafe Auckland Inc (WAI), and Surf Life Saving Northern Region (SLSNR) jointly conducted a fishing safety campaign entitled the West Coast Fishing Safety Project in the summer of 2006. The purpose of that campaign was twofold. First, the campaign piloted a fishing safety education program that would help fishers identify and manage the risks associated with fishing on Auckland's rugged west coast. Second, a survey of fishers was conducted to enhance understanding of their fishing safety knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors.


With increasing load demand, the electricity generation in India is also increasing at a significant rate of ~7% per year. India is setting up new power plants, with huge emphasis on renewable power generation. While the increasing generation capacity alleviates the average demand/supply problem to certain extent, one of the main challenges for the utilities is to meet the peak load demand. Utilities find it difficult to develop generation capacities to meet the peak load, since its very expensive, and the peak loads only occur for a short period of time during the seasons. To address this problem, utilities often shed the load during peak times or use advanced techniques like Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR).The existing utility scale solar inverters have the same hardware architecture and necessary controls to perform other functions like voltage control, reactive power control as required by the CVR, while supplying 100% real power. CVR involves reducing the feeder voltage within the allowable ANSI or IEC limits, thereby enabling reduction in the load. Traditionally, CVR was performed by operating the Load Tap Change (LTC) transformers, or by switching on/off capacitor banks. While this is an effective way of implementing CVR, one of the issues is the wear-tear of the moving components, high response times and only a discrete step change possibility as against a fine control. The paper addresses this topic, and proposes a novel way of voltage control using solar inverters. The geographically distributed solar inverters perform voltage reduction by absorbing reactive power at the PCC, while supplying as much real power as possible. In this paper, simulation analysis will be performed to show the implementation of CVR with distributed solar inverters on a typical 11kV feeder and the obtained energy saving results. Keywords-Solar Inverter, Conservation Voltage Reduction, Voltage Profile, Loss Reduction


The posterior probability of the oil samples— mineral oil (MO), punga oil (PO), and modified punga oil (MPO)— are utilized in this study. The posterior probability of the oil samples is discovered using two classification techniques. Breakdown voltage (BDV), kinematic viscosity (KVIS), dielectric constant (DC), and moisture content were the dielectric parameters employed in this investigation (MC). The classification of clusters and visualization of their 2D interactive effect, visualization of the 3D decision surface at various clusters, examination of Gaussian mixture assumptions, the Q- Q plot, and consistency testing using the Mardia Kurtosis test for linear and quadratic discriminant analyses are the main counterparts of the work. The study's findings show that using the observed dielectric properties of the oil samples, it may be possible to comprehend their subsequent roles.


This paper introduces an under-sampling E-field measurement system involving three femtosecond pulse lasers, which can be used to measure a multi-frequency electric field (E-field) in a wide frequency range. Optical under-sampling technology utilizes femtosecond laser pulses to sample the electrical signals and convert the high-frequency signal down to the first pulse repetition frequency (RPF) intervals for measurement, i.e., tens to hundreds of MHz. However, previous work rarely studied the measurement of multi-frequency signals. Therefore, in this work, we use three RPFs and propose the Remainder Matching (RM) method of three RPFs to eliminate false-alarm-triggered frequencies. Moreover, to solve the challenging problem of grouping the down-conversion components of each measured frequency, we suggest the Eigenvalue Matching of Remainder's Difference (EMRD) method to obtain the correct group accurately. Hence, this work combines the RM and EMRD methods to improve the system's measurement accuracy. To evaluate the suggested measurement technique, detailed theoretical analysis and simulation are performed to demonstrate the universality of our method that can effectively guide the design of E-field measuring systems using optical under-sampling technology. The proposed scheme manages an error rate less than 0.1% without any measurement error of the down-converted components when six frequencies exist simultaneously and is less than 5% when the measured frequency deviation is ±25kHz. Finally, the proposed system is challenged on noise perturbations, with the results demonstrating that the suggested combined RM and RDEM scheme attains an appealing performance.


The National Social Science Association is now accepting proposals for their Spring national meeting to be held April 1-3, 1998 in San Diego, California. This national conference will feature papers, discussions, workshops and symposia in all social science disciplines. Interested individuals should send proposals, along with a twenty-five word abstract, to NSSA San Diego Meeting, 2020 Hills Lake Dr., El Cajon, CA 92020-1018; Phone: (619) 448-4709; Fax (619) 258-7636; E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


examination, and 20 of 57 lesions on radiological examination, were subsequently proved to be cancer. (4) Both clinical and radiological examination are essential for satisfactory screening; 45% of cancers were discovered only by clinical examination and 34% only by mammography. (5) Axillary nodes were more frequently negative in those whose cancers were detected by screening (70 %) than in the control population (44%).


Purpose: In addition to its psychologically and socially negative effects on society, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sexual behavior of individuals. This study investigated the relationship between changes in sexual drive and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Materials and methods: The data of this cross-sectional study were collected using a web-based survey between 12 May and August 12, 2021, with the voluntary participation of 231 individuals. The survey form included questions on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, employment status, sex life before and in the COVID-19 pandemic period and status of having a partner, and COVID-19 diagnostic status, in addition to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.
Results: A reduction in sexual drive in the pandemic period was reported by 71 (30.7%) of the participants. The group whose sexual drive decreased had significant differences in terms of age, marital status, the status of having children, and Warwick-Edinburgh scale scores compared to the groups whose sexual drive increased or remained unchanged (respectively, p=0.009, p=0.039, p=0.041, and p


Aluminum film was deposited on the surface of sintered Nd Fe B permanent magnet by direct current magnetron sputtering. The influence of post-treatment including shot blasting and chemical conversion on micro-morphology and corrosion resistance of Al film were studied. The results indicated that shot blasting can effectively decrease the porosity of Al film and increase its compactness. The Al film treated by shot lasting at a pressure of 0.2 MPa has the best compactness and will not peel off. The resistance of the Al film to neutral salt spray corrosion is significantly improved from 155 h as plated to 320 h by the combination of shot blasting and chemical conversion.


If, within the framework of screening examinations for the early detection of cancer of the prostate, the patient wishes a PSA test, the physician should accommodate him, but only after providing comprehensive information about the possible consequences and complications. If a certain threshold value is exceeded, punch biopsy of the prostate is recommended. This procedure must be performed in accordance with accepted standards to enable, within the diagnostic chain,the reliable detection of a carcinoma of the prostate.


In this paper, the intra-landscape differentiation of vegetation cover within the representative areas of the Verkhnecharsky basin and the Kodar ridge, which are part of the high-altitude cryolithozone of Northern Transbaikalia, is considered. Based on the results of field and remote observations, the main factors affecting the distribution and condition of vegetation cover within heterogeneous landscape tracts have been identified. On the basis of geosystem approach, the regularity of the redistribution of the main types of vegetation depending on the existing permafrost landscape situation in the basin and highland areas is analyzed. The conducted research can serve as an environmental basis for the organization of environmental monitoring and indication of the state of permafrost mountain landscapes in connection with the current climate change and active economic development of the region.


Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality in patients with CKD. The incidence of hyperkalemia increases as GFR declines and has been found to be as high as 31% among patients with an eGFR<20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in cross-sectional studies ([1][1]). Patients with CKD are predisposed to


Objective: To study the surgical operation methods of posterior continuous capsu lorhexis(PCCC). It may complications that appear,with gains or losses. Methods: Every surgical operation methods of posterior continuous capsulorhexis w as used in each methods of cataract operation. The postoperative follow-up time was 6~24 months.Results: Of the 262 eyes,92(35%) had a final visual acuity of 5.0 or better,113(43%) betw een 4.7~4.9 and 31(12%) between 4.5~4.7 and 26(10%) was 4.5 or below. At the p ost-operative 6~24 months,of the 258 eyes had a central area of the pos terior capsule was clear;4(1.5%) had a central area of the posterior capsule wa s fibrous membrane;10(3.8%) was vitreous prolapse. There was no retinal detachm ent interlobular lens migration.Conclusion: The technique of PCCC is safe and effective to reduce after-cataract. But exists to certainly relapse the rate with some can't long-term complicatio ns that foresee,should strictly control to adapt.


This study quantifies the influence of strong ground motion duration (SGMD) of aftershocks on the cumulative damage caused to a RC frame structure. Understanding the effect of ground motion duration on cumulative damage and failure mechanisms will bring us one step closer to preventing future earthquake-induced collapses and can also aid in improving Building code. In order to study the effects of Duration, the other time-frequency characteristics i.e. amplitude and frequency content are kept similar. A realistic nonlinear numerical structure is modelled in SAP2000 in order to incorporate cyclic deterioration of strength and stiffness. Two sets of data are considered i.e. longer duration (>40sec) and shorter duration (<25 sec) and for each set of data cumulative damage are calculated using modified Park and Ang Damage Index. It is seen that in general longer duration data sequence causes more damage than shorter duration sequences because of longer cycles of loading


See related article, p 1037.

Incidental areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI of older individuals termed white matter hyperintensities or white matter lesions (WML) have sparked scientific and clinical interest over the past 25 years. Extensive research has provided compelling evidence that at least more extensive forms of WMLs are a consequence of and indicative for small vessel disease,1 and thus are associated with a higher risk for stroke, dementia, and mortality.2 Furthermore, the longitudinal Leukoaraiosis And Disability (LADIS) study confirmed that severe WML strongly predict global functional decline in general beyond individual associations of WML extent with cognitive functioning as well as gait, balance, and mood disorders.3 Similar data come from several other cohorts. The exact mechanism(s) of WML formation, however, are still much less clear.

In this issue of the Journal, de Groot et al4 report on a very elegant study which provides convincing evidence for the gradual development of WMLs both regarding the formation of new WMLs and also their expansion and growth over time. Using diffusion tensor imaging and the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence, they searched for subtle changes that might have …


In the case of hydraulic piston motor, hydrostatic bearing is designed to be adapted the hydrostatic bearing for the relative lubrication in the structural design. It"s available to make it highly efficient and that"s why it"s widely used. The thing which largely influence the high pressure, the high efficiency, and the life is the hydrostatic bearing between a shoe and a swash plate. In this study, with the most general "hydrostatic bearing shoe" that has one recess as the subject of this research, I designed and made the 4 kind of piston shoe that have different orifice diameter each other, and studied the features of the hydrostatic bearing by observing the change of the leakage flow rate, the torque and the volumetric efficiency through experiments on the changes of the pressure & the speed of the revolution. As a result, the bigger diameter of the orifice, the less torque. And with an increase of the orifice diameter under the high pressure, the leakage flow rate decreased remarkably. Also it was observed the leakage flow rate increased linearly according to the increase of the supply pressure.


Legal protection for customers is reviewed in terms of banking laws and regulations, such as Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic banking. Both Islamic banks and conventional banks with regulatory control must comply with general banking regulations. Act Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking. The Banking Law which regulates amendments to Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 1999. there is an obligation for banks to become members of the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS) so as to provide protection for depositors customers against their deposits and the existence of customer rights conduct customer complaints, and use banking mediation forums for simple, cheap, and fast dispute resolution.Legal protection for customers in terms of the Consumer Protection Act lies in the obligation for banks to heed the procedure for making standard clauses.Settings via The Consumer Protection Law which is closely related to legal protection for customers as banking consumers is the provision regarding standard clauses. Meanwhile, from the laws and regulations in the banking sector, the provisions that provide legal protection for bank customers as consumers include the introduction of the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS) in Law Number 10 of 1998. At the technical level the legal umbrella protecting customers includes the existence of arrangements regarding the settlement of customer complaints and banking mediation in a Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI).


ABSTRACT A key question in the study of lexical processing has been whether the semantic transparency of multimorphemic words affects processing. Previous studies of English and French prefixed words have found that words with greater semantic transparency show greater morphological constituent activation. Studies of German, however, have shown constituent activation that is unaffected by semantic transparency. We report two cross-modal priming experiments that examined the underlying causes of this between-language difference. Experiment 1 investigated German particle verbs, in which the particle can be separated from the verb stem. Experiment 2 investigated prefix verbs, which (as in English and French) cannot be separated from the verb stem. Results showed that semantically transparent and opaque prefix and particle verbs induced equivalent priming relative to form controls. This indicates structured representations for all categories. We discuss these findings in relation to a language user's experience with the particular properties of word types.


The accelerometric and magnetic sensitivities of a quartz resonator are commonly attributed to the design of the resonator, for the main part. Since a few years, it is well-known that G-sensitivity can reach zero if the geometry of the structure (including blank geometry, orientation of the mounting, number of supports, ...) leads to the perfect symmetry around the three axes. In this paper, we show that the BVA resonator has been designed to exhibit a very low G-sensitivity (largely lower than 1*10/sup -10//G). By finite element analysis, we have quantified the influence of some symmetry defects due to manufacturing process (as orientation of the mounting, shift between the vibrating area center and the blank center, ...) on the accelerometric sensitivity with different boundary conditions. Furthermore, we have calculated the frequency shift due to a slight dissymmetry of the mounting structure and deduced how G-sensitivity increases when the inhomogeneity of the stress distribution in the vibrating area increases. At least, we compare these theoretical results to experimental values obtained by two methods: measurements under random vibrations in the range [20-100 Hz], measurement of the frequency shift due to a 2G-tipover test around a given axis.


The aim of this paper was to present a case report in which a unilateral cleft lip and palate was repaired with bone graft. The 11 years old Caucasian female patient was subjected to correction of unilateral cleft lip and palatal left (left side) with the rhBMP-2 (INFUSE® Bone Graft). Bone reconstruction and including canine repositioning was planned. A one and a half mm titanium mesh (was fixed by 4 titanium screws in the adjacent bone structures), to sustain collagen sponge with the protein stays in the fissure, allowing a framework and a conformation of the alveolar process. It was observed that the secondary alveolar bone graft with rhBMP-2 contributed to the rehabilitation due to the filling of bone defects caused by fissures, favoring the eruption of the adjacent canine tooth and the health of periodontal tissue. Bone morphogenetic protein is a potential substitute in bone regeneration process.


Despite reduction in the rates of teen pregnancy nationwide, teen pregnancy in the United States remains higher than other industrialized countries. Minority youth are at higher risk for teen pregnancy than their White counterparts. With this in mind, the purpose of this chapter is to examine risk and protective factors for teen pregnancy among racial and ethnic minorities. Risk and protective factors exist on multiple levels and pregnancy prevention programs often target such factors to reduce teen pregnancy. In addition, intervention strategies aimed at reducing teen pregnancy among these populations will also be discussed. Researchers have identified components of successful teen pregnancy prevention programs. New strategies also include focusing on after school programs and technology among others to reduce teen pregnancy among minority youth. Collective efforts of families, schools, and communities are warranted.


The question of what fraction of the fuel consumed by a cogeneration plant is to be allocated to either the heat or the electricity is still open, leading to some arbitrariness in the quantification of the economic value of the different cogenerated goods and of the subsidies often granted to such facilities. In this work, we first evidence the drawbacks of the conventional allocation methods such as Incremental Electricity-Centered Reference (IECR), Incremental Heat-Centered Reference (IHCR) and Separate-Productions Reference (SPR), in that they use fixed partial primary energy factors chosen by some authority to represent the reference efficiencies of heat and /or electricity production technologies that can be different from the local energy portfolio. Here we propose a slightly more elaborate, but self-consistent method whereby the allocation is adaptive and self-tuned to the local energy scenario by sharing the fuel savings on the basis of the average primary energy factors for electricity and heat in the given local area including the cogeneration facility of interest. We call it the Self-Tuned Average-Local-Productions Reference (STALPR) method. We finally show by means of a representative case study that the classical methods might provides unfair, distorted figures that become increasingly important as cogeneration gains higher fractions of the energy market in a given local area.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The present report is the result of test study and pilot production on soybean high yield cultivation at Baoqing county in 1984-1985. It has been readized that soybean yield per mu was 209.4 kg at 4.8 × 104mu in 1986. A part of this pilot production with the area of 1.8 × 104 yield 225kg per mu had been achieved. It is possible to achive the high yield of soybean in the large area at San Jiang Area. The soil,climate,cultivation conditions and relevant eclogical,physiological,nutritional index to achieve 200kg/mu by using Hefeng No. 25 as growing variety is discussed.


We propose a space-borne gravitational-wave detection scheme, called atom interferometric gravitational-wave space observatory (AIGSO). It is motivated by the progress in the atomic matterwave interferometry, which solely utilizes the standing light waves to split, deflect and recombine the atomic beam. Our scheme consists of three drag-free satellites orbiting the Earth. The phase shift of AIGSO is dominated by the Sagnac effect of gravitational-waves, which is proportional to the area enclosed by the atom interferometer, the frequency and amplitude of gravitational-waves. The scheme has a strain sensitivity < 10/ √


The present invention is a flat strip area (13) as a basic structure (14) having a longitudinal length of fiber material having a first surface (12) and a second surface (15) (L) including, relates dressing for applying to the human or animal body, the longitudinal length cushion layer over a portion of the (L) of at least basic structure on at least one (12) of both surfaces (14) ( 16) is provided, the cushion layer (16) is made of threads and / or fibers which are part of the fiber base structure (14) (18, 20), i.e. yarns and / or fibers (18, 20 ) is drawn is inserted into the fiber base structure (14), and / or from this.


The purpose of this study on radiation levels and dose assessments in the epidemiology of a high background radiation area (HBRA) and the control area (CA) is to respond to the needs of epidemiology in these areas, where the inhabitants are continuously exposed to low dose, low dose rate ionising radiation. A brief description is given of how the research group evaluated the feasibility of the investigation by analysing the population size and the radiation levels, how simple reliable methods were used to get the individual annual dose for every cohort member, and how the cohort members were classified into various dose groups for dose-effect relationship analysis. Finally, the use of dose group classification for cancer mortality studies is described.


The blood vessels supplying the central nervous system of the earthworm are of the same type as those in the brains of tailed amphibians, lizards, and marsupials, i.e. the blood vessels are paired and end in loops. The blood vessels in the cerebral ganglia of the squid form a network like that which occurs in the brains of fishes, anuran amphibians, reptiles (except lizards), birds, and placental mammals. The origin of both systems is discussed.


The invention discloses a kalman filter-based signal real-time time-frequency spectrometer, which comprises a sensor, an A/D data conversion card, a processor, a control panel, a memory and a display; wherein the processor comprises a pretreatment module, a forecast module, a correction module and a smoothing module which are connected orderly. The kalman filter-based signal real-time time-frequency spectrometer is characterized in that a command is input by the control panel; a non-stationary time-varying signal acquired by the processor is sampled and converted by the A/D data conversion card; then the pretreatment module, the forecast module, the correction module and the smoothing module perform forecasting, correction and smoothing treatments on the parameters of signal sampling points orderly; and after the treated parameter is substituted into a time-frequency spectral function, a high-resolution time-frequency spectrum can be obtained, and finally is shown on the display. The time-frequency spectrometer of the invention can carry out real-time, dynamic and continuous treatment on the signals, and can obtain the time-frequency spectrum which has high resolution and no cross-term interference, thereby bringing great convenience to the subsequent signal processing.


Recent research suggests that an auditor's choice to conduct audit inquiry via email versus in person can adversely impact both auditor and client behavior. In this study, I review recent research on this important topic, and I present additional survey-based evidence that describes how clients perceive auditor email versus in-person inquiries. I find that clients generally view auditors' in-person requests as more important and urgent than email requests, and clients feel they can more carefully craft their responses to support their company's preferred reporting position via email compared to in person. Further, clients expect that auditors will question an aggressive response more quickly in person than over email. Although audit partners have expressed concerns that email communication could impede auditor-client relationship building, I find no differences in how much clients like the auditor or in clients' willingness to work again with the auditor after receiving an email or in-person request. However, recent research suggests that email requests can lead to more negative feelings toward the auditor, which could affect the auditor-client relationship over time. I discuss implications for audit firms and provide suggestions for future research.


The analysis of authoritative survey from visitors by National Tourism Administration finds that the quality of guide service is a "weak point" in tourism service quality system. However, we have not been able to grasp the roots of this problem in both theory and practice in recent years. The paper holds the view that it is impossible to raise the quality of guide service from the angle of management department. We would rather start from new visual angle. The paper offers suggestions regarding reform of guide management based on 'tourist experience—guide service quality—guide management system'.


SummaryThe mathematical association between rheumatoid arthritis (classical, definite, probable, possible) and psoriasis (definite, probable) was investigated in total populations, 39,418 persons, in five geographical areas in Sweden. Rheumatoid arthritis was defined according to ARA-criteria, psoriasis according to special criteria (Hellgren, 67). The frequency of rheumatoid arthritis (classical, definite, probable) among 534 psoriatics (definite) was 5.4 % and among matched controls 0.9 %. Among males with definite and probable psoriasis, 7.6 % had rheumatoid arthritis of classical, definite, probable and possible type, and from these male psoriatics, 1.2 % had clinical typical arthritis psoriatica. Among females with definite and probable psoriasis, 9.1 % had rheumatoid arthritis (classical, definite, probable, possible) and from these female psoriatics, 1.1 % had clinical typical arthritis psoriatica. From all rheumatoid arthritics (classical, definite, probable) associated with psoriasis, males had i...


The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is experiencing an unprecedented rate of urban growth. Further, the current national policy stresses on diversifying the economy and to moving the Kingdom toward a stable self sustained economic base, with particular commitment to industrial development. The Eastern Province is the primary source of the Kingdom's oil wealth, where most of the development is taking place. It is therefore advisable to take into account the effect of probable air pollution due to emission of various pollutants from industrial sources particularly the oil related industries in physical planning development plans for urban growth.


Wideband analysis of frequency dispersive geometries is a challenge in inverse scattering problems. Waveguide duct is an important case in aerial targets with dominant returns. Its dispersive behavior afiects the range proflle analysis due to occurrence of unwanted range extension. A new high frequency analysis using model based parameter estimation (MBPE) approach is presented. A group delay criteria derived from the nonlinear scattering phase response represents the duct length. Wideband sparse measured frequency domain samples of various waveguides are used as inputs to the model. Comparison is made with joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) results.


One of the challenges in teaching Literature comes from the lack of interest of students about the subject. This may happen because several texts are explored out of any context, without the possibility of significance of knowledge by the student. We consider literary literacy as a possibility of teaching and learning literary works, since it is based in proposals that involve autonomous interpretations (inferences) from the student in the process of knowing. Our research is bibliographical and tends to analyze a proposal of expanded sequence as a working guide to Literature Teaching. For its application, there was chosen a literary work for students of high school interacting with texts of different genders. We concluded that the proposal may arouse interest of students due to the reflexive and gradually constructed procedure promoted as far as students are called upon an active relationship with many possibilities of knowledge of the work in question.


ABSTRACT LI-LMC 1813 is a dust-enshrouded Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star, located inthesmallopenclusterKMHK1603neartherimoftheLargeMagellanicCloud(LMC).Optical and infrared photometry between 0.5 and 60 µm is obtained to constrain thespectral energy distribution of LI-LMC 1813. Near-infrared spectra unambiguouslyshow it to be a carbon star. Modelling with the radiation transfer code Dusty yieldsaccurate values for the bolometric luminosity, L = 1.5× 10 4 L ⊙ , and mass-loss rate,M˙ = 3.7(±1.2)×10 −5 M ⊙ yr −1 . On the basis of colour-magnitude diagrams, the ageof the cluster KMHK 1603 is estimated to be t = 0.9–1.0 Gyr, which implies a Zero-Age Main Sequence mass for LI-LMC 1813 of M ZAMS = 2.2 ± 0.1 M ⊙ . This makesLI-LMC 1813 arguably the object with the most accurately and reliably determined(circum)stellar parameters amongst all carbon stars in the superwind phase.Key words: Stars: AGB and post-AGB – Stars: carbon – Stars: evolution – Stars:mass-loss – Magellanic Clouds – Infrared: stars.


This essay interprets Sam Shepard's States of Shock as an equivocal critique of postmodernity's integrated spectacle, fusing nation state and global economy, ideology and commodification. Though he deploys situationist strategies of subversion‐temporal and spatial, deictic and metadeictic—Shepard's (re)creation of the hyperreal, mediatized Gulf War threatens to divert the play, and his critique, into their opposites.


Monitoring of power transmission lines condition is one of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) industrial application. To ensure safe UAVs operation electromagnetic compatibility of their electronics with electric field of power transmission lines (PTLs) should be provided. Modelling of the EF distribution in the lateral and upper zones of the power transmission lines of different classes is presented. Analytical solutions was used for PTLs electric field modelling without regard of PTLs towers. Numerical solutions with the help of final integration technique and uniaxial perfectly matched layers enable taking into account PTLs towers and UAVs conductive parts influence on electric field distribution. Obtained distributions of electric field strength permit determination of the unsafe zones of UAVs equipment operation with regard the PTLs electric field influence.


Current networking, network management and service engineering activities tend to use plethora of diversified technologies, protocols and interfaces. There are more and more instances of individual products from individual vendors, being managed in isolation. Such instances are known as 'silos of management'. As the number of silos becomes larger and larger, management of the network across multiple domains is becoming an overwhelming task.


This study investigates Korean high school student's perception of sexual harassment and relative effects of victim's clothing, dating behavior and respondent's gender on perceptions of alleged sexual harassment cases. A quasiexperimental method was applied using a 2 × 2× 2 between-subjects factorial design that manipulated three variables (clothing exposure, dating behavior, and gender). Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 540 high school students and 530 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The results indicate that the victim's clothing and dating behavior had a significant main effect on the responsibility for sexual harassment. The respondent put less responsibility on the assailant when the victim wore revealing clothing and when her dating behavior was provocative. The significant interaction effect between the respondents' gender and the victim's dating behavior indicated that when the victim's behavior was provocative, female respondents held more responsible to victim than male respondents did. The results also indicate that victim's clothing, dating behavior, and respondent's gender had significant main effect on the justification of sexual harassment. The respondents indicated that assailant's behavior is unjustifiable; however, when victim more revealing clothing, they indicated that the behavior is more justifiable.


The two major types of female genital mutilation include clitoridectomy and excision with infibulation. Clitoridectomy involves removal of the clitoris, part of all of the labia minora, and, often, all external soft genital tissue. Excision with infibulation involves all of this as well as removing the sides of the labia majora, abrading the sides of the vulva, and joining the bleeding sides of the vulva with thorns or a paste. A small opening is all that is allowed to remain for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. In Western Africa, infibulation is accomplished by tying the legs of the affected girls together in a crossed position immediate after the operation. These girls are immobilized for several weeks until the wound has closed. Infibulation is sometimes referred to a "pharaonic" because it occurred in ancient Egypt. Infibulated women must be cut open to allow sexual intercourse or child birth. Women are traditionally reinfibulated after child birth and then reopened when the child is weaned. Female genital mutilation is performed in septic conditions using the same tool on a group of girls. Fatalities are blamed on evil spirits or are said to occur because the victim was not a virgin.


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