The Pacific Northwest Laboratory, through funding by the US DOE, has developed a process to produce methanol from wood or other types of biomass by gasification with steam in the presence of a catalyst. The methanol yield from this process is greater than processes using fixed gasification of wood. The gasification process has been successfully demonstrated in a 25 kg/hr (50 lb/hr) plant. Operating costs and capital expenditures for plants producing between 180 and 1800 MT (100 and 1000 short tons) of methanol per day have been determined. In the gasification process, dry biomass in the form of chips or fines is augered into a heated bed of catalyst particles which are fluidized by steam at 700 to 750/sup 0/C. The wood pyrolyzes, producing gases, condensible organic compounds and char. Char is gasified by steam, producing additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Condensible organic molecules are cracked by the catalyst, producing more gas. Essentially all organic compounds other than methane are destroyed. The energy for the reaction is provided by heat exchangers in the gasifier. This processing scheme requires no air separation plant and only minimal water treatment facilities. Thus the economics appear promising for plants sized for typical wood resources.more » In 1982 the demonstration plant was upgraded for operation at 150 psia. The most recent data from pressure operation of the plant will be presented. The economics of the process were thoroughly studied in 1980. These cost estimates will be updated to 1982 and they will incorporate any changes in energy requirements and product yields as demonstrated in the gasifier tests at 150 psia. The effect of the plant size versus methanol cost will also be discussed. 2 figures, 2 tables.« less


The DNA damage response signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining genome integrity by detecting and repairing DNA damage arising from endogenous and exogenous stresses. A variety of proteins are involved in this pathway, including poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). PARG is an important enzyme that mediates the decomposition of poly(ADP-ribose) attached to proteins by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and thus regulates the activities of target proteins. PARG participates in the DNA damage response by mediating the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of relative proteins, but it is not known which proteins are affected. In this study, by constructing double mutants of PARG1 and key DNA damage regulator genes ATM or ATR , followed by phenotypic and transcriptional level analyses of these mutants, we found that PARG1 may regulate the DNA damage response upstream of ATM and ATR kinases by regulating their modification status, providing a foundation for future studies.


This study analyzed changes in the pronunciation-related cognitions of undergraduate TESL students from two Canadian universities during their first term in their programs. The students from one university attended a 13-week course in phonology and pronunciation teaching, while those from the other university received no specific training in pronunciation. Towards the end of the term, the participants who received specialized training had more favorable views of explicit pronunciation teaching and became more confident in their ability to teach pronunciation than the comparison group. The course also helped the participants increase in awareness of their own speech and limitations. The findings point to the importance of native-nonnative speaker interactions in shaping cognitions and suggest that more support to nonnative-speaking TESL students and more training in the use of communicative activities would be helpful.


With the explosive growth of global consumer needs for mobile health services, health management applications (HM APPs) have aroused extensive social attention. Most of the existing studies have been based on Expectation Confirmation Theory, whereas few studies have explored the intention of continued use of HM APPs from the technology appropriateness perspective. This study empirically analyzed the impact of behavior change techniques (BCTs) on the continuance intention (CI) of HM APPs users by using the Partial least squares structural equation model. Data were collected from a sample of 334 Chinese users. Results demonstrate that appropriate matching of BCTs plays a notable determinative role on user CI; perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and perceived switching cost (PSC) have significant positive effects on user CI and play mediating effects between BCTs and CI. It is also found that BCTs are significant predictors for user PSC, but the positive effect of satisfaction on user PSC is insignificant. This study reveals the mechanism of how BTCs influence the users' decision on whether or not to continue using HM APPs. The proposed implications can serve as a reference for academics and practitioners.

Keywords: Behavior change techniques, health management APPs, continuance intention, expectation-confirmation theory


Cigarette smoke reduction due to a perforated mouthpiece tube was measured, and its results were compared with the reduction caused by conventionally vented acetate filters. The reduction of nicotine and tar increased with the ventilation rate through the perforated tube. In the absence of a filter material, the difference between the reduction of tar and nicotine was found to be greater than that observed for conventionally vented filters, and the concentration of nicotine in tar was enhanced. The reduction of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, isoprene and acetone were all proportional to the ventilation rate through the perforated tube. The presence of a filter material had no effect on the gas and vapor phase components.


The artical discusses the technique of treatment of hydrogen sulfide by biotrickling filter in sewage treatment plant, analyzes the impact of load, pressure and temperature on removal of hydrogen sulfide odor by bio-process.


Understanding voice problem : a physiological for diagnosis and , Understanding voice problem : a physiological for diagnosis and , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا


This paper analyzes on the present situation and challenges of OEM strategy of Chinese household appliances industry in the multinational operation,introduces the transformation from OEM strategy to ODM strategy,and advances the implementing tactics of ODM strategy.


Dr. M. Pérez-Fontán, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Juan Canalejo, Xubias de Arriba 84, E-15006 A Coruña (Spain) Dear Sir, Fungal peritonitis represents one of the most feared complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), given its significant mortality, and the frequent impossibility for continuation of peritoneal dialysis in survivors [1]. Most of these infections are caused by different yeasts of the species Candida [1,2], but the list of fungi causing peritonitis in CAPD is continuously expanding [1]. Filamentous fungi of the species Aspergillus are a rare cause of peritonitis in CAPD, seemingly producing particularly severe infections, with a high mortality rate [3–5]. We report on a case of Aspergillus peritonitis complicating CAPD, with a rapid favorable course once the peritoneal catheter was removed, even in the absence of effective antifungal therapy. The patient could reas-sume CAPD 2 months later, with a well-preserved peritoneal function and no evidence of relapse to date. Case Report A 69-year-old white male, with severe coronary heart disease and nephroangiosclerosis-related chronic renal failure, was started on CAPD in September 1987. During the following 2 years, his clinical course was complicated by severe relapsing angina pectoris, which markedly limited his physical activity, leading to inadequate rehabilitation and progressive obesity. The patient presented no episode of peritonitis or catheter exit-site or tunnel infection during this period. On December 4,1989, the patient experienced the sudden onset of fever, diffuse abdominal pain and, subsequently, cloudy dialysate effluent. He was evaluated on an ambulatory basis the same day. The most relevant findings on physical examination were: stable hemodynamic situation, febricula (37.5 °C), diffuse abdominal tenderness, and a noninflammated catheter exit-site. The dialysis effluent was cloudy, containing 1,940 cells/mm3 (43% polymor-phonuclear leukocytes, 32% histiocytes, 14% lymphocytes and 11% eosinophils). Dialysate samples were obtained for microbiological study, and therapy with intraperitoneal ciprofloxacin (50 mg/l dialysate) was begun. Abdominal pain, febricula and cloudy dialysate persisted, and the patient was admitted on the 4th day of evolution. The next day, fungal growth on a dialysate sample was detected; ciprofloxacin was discontinued, and intraperitoneal am-photericin (2 mg/l dialysate) and oral ketoconazol (200 mg b.i.d.) were begun. Subsequently, four samples of dialysate (days 1–5) grew Aspergillus sp. On the 10th day, and due to lack of response to antifungal therapy, the


In 2013, inclusive J/ψ measurements in p-Pb collisions were performed at the LHC at = 5.02 TeV, in order to measure the effects related to the cold nuclear matter on the J/ψ production. Their evaluation is important in order to be able to disentangle hot and cold nuclear matter effects in Pb-Pb collisions. In this contribution, results on the inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions, in the dimuon decay channel at forward and backward rapidity, down to zero transverse momentum, are presented and compared to theoretical models.


Asset prices are derived in closed-form in a framework where agents evaluate risk with gain-loss asymmetry: losses relative to a reference point incur discontinuously more disutility than comparable gains. This asymmetry has a dual impact. First, a level effect: risk prices are made higher by the kink in the preferences. Second, a cross-sectional effect: the pricing of risk is higher (lower) for safer (riskier) assets, so expected returns increase non-linearly with the risk-exposures. This second effect, a crucial departure from standard smooth utility models, is weakened by lower specifications of the reference point and by higher volatilities in aggregate risk.


This is a qualitative study of the role of gender and emotion in a political setting. The data are from interviews of activists and legislators, as well as from archival accounts of the debates in state legislatures about breast cancer informed consent legislation. I found that proponents for and against the legislation shared the belief that women are more emotional than men. This social belief shaped the political strategies the activists adopted and initially contributed to their effectiveness; however, their opponents claimed that the women activists should be dismissed because their emotionalism made them irrational. I close by discussing Western cultural beliefs about emotions, social stereotypes regarding women, and their consequences for women activists in political arenas.


Relevance: market relations reforms in Ukraine determine changes in the system of national professional education. They primarily refer to the need to prepare young specialists for successful personal and professional self-realization under the conditions of small business development.
Aim: the paper aims to theoretically justify the expediency of using self-management technology in the pro- cess of developing entrepreneurial competency in future specialists under the conditions of changing market relations in Ukraine and intensive development of small business.
Methods: external analysis of selected sources (to determine the historical circumstances and motives be- hind their creation and functioning as elements of specific social relations) and internal analysis (to study the characteristics of particular documents).
Results: the paper shows that specific changes in economic relations lead to dynamic transformational shifts in personal values of modern students. The category of time becomes crucial for young specialists in the context of moving from the post-industrial to the information society, characterized by innovations and rapid changes in working conditions. Self-management is becoming a vital skill of the young generation since it implies time management and self-development. International and national documents emphasize the importance of developing career, entrepreneurial and other key competencies, necessary for building a successful professional career and self-employment under the conditions of small business development. At the same time, Ukrainian professional education schools are not ready to prepare young people for the rational use of their personal and time resources. Conclusions: Self-management technology is one of the most promising tasks for developing entrepreneurial competency under the conditions of small business development. The programme, titled «The Basics of Innovative Entrepreneurship», has been developed to overcome the imbalance between the development of professional and key competencies and the improvement of psycho-pedagogical and legal training of young specialists for ...


Presents an overview of the problem of corrosion on the Statue of Liberty in New York. Corrosion problems included rust stains on the exterior copper skin, severe corrosion of some small areas of the same skin, deterioration of the torch, degradation in the crown area and spikes, structural concerns in the shoulder of the torch arm, corrosion of the iron armature, and paint peeling on the interior copper skin and support structure. The authors also examine the scope of the restoration, galvanic corrosion problems, copper behavior, and the statue restoration, which included replacing the iron armature.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Premedication for endoscopy promotes patient cooperation and makes subsequent examinations more acceptable. Music therapy is widely used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Therefore, we investigated the effects of music therapy on pain and on salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.

METHODOLOGY
The subjects were 29 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy for various reasons. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo colonoscopy while listening to music (n=15) or while not listening to music (n=14). Cortisol levels were measured in samples of saliva obtained before and after colonoscopy. After colonoscopy, patients were asked to rate their maximum pain during colonoscopy.

RESULTS
Patients who listened to music during colonoscopy tended to have lower pain scores. Salivary cortisol levels increased significantly less in the group receiving music.

CONCLUSIONS
Music therapy during colonoscopy markedly reduces fear-related stress, as indicated by changes in salivary cortisol levels.


What are the symptoms? Shoulder pain is most commonly felt in the front of the shoulder or in the upper part of the arm. Pain is usually felt when moving the arm and you may notice it with only certain movements. Most shoulder problems do not cause pain when the arm is not moving. However many people find it painful when lying on the sore side in bed at night. Pain that travels right down to your hand, with tingling in your fingers, may be from a problem with your neck, rather than your shoulder.


New media marketing is now a crucial weapon in a companies quest to communicate with their target audience. In particular the widespread adoption of the internet has presented significant opportunities, as has the convergence of various mediums. Recent TV programmes such as Big Brother and Pop Idol have successfully integrated mobile technology with internet and traditional TV. This has provided for additional opportunities for communicating with the programmes target audience. Additionally companies are increasingly adopting new techniques such as viral marketing, SMS messaging and e-mail marketing. This research programme has culminated in a 30 minute documentary that provides a critical overview of the current state of these technologies. Major areas covered are advertising, in the form of traditional web sites, banner ads and SE~. Direct marketing covering the topics of e-mail marketing, viral and SMS marketing. And marketing PR covering blogs, social media and online discussion forums. The final documentary produced achieved it's overall aim of providing a comprehensive overview of new media marketing technologies for an audience of marketing professionals. However there were apparent weaknesses in tenns of documentary form.


The paper first treats the general case of the transient response of any general passive network to a wave packet, i.e. a suddenly applied sinusoidal wave, and finds the mathematical restrictions that must be placed on the transfer function in order that the output signal may not begin before the application of the input signal. This result is then applied to the cases of tuned-anode coupling and tuned-transformer coupling. There is no restriction of the results to narrow bands. It appears that the well-known rule that the build-up time is inversely proportional to the bandwidth is not true in general. It holds in certain circumstances, where the circuits are comparatively simple, but it does not hold for more complicated circuits where tuning curves are functions of more than one independent parameter.


This paper looks at embodiment from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The notion that embodiment is an essential requirement for conscious awareness is explored using both a scientific and religious approach. Artificial intelligence, transhumanism and cybernetics are discussed as they force a pragmatic approach to defining and understanding situated embodiment. The concept of human immortality or extended longevity is also investigated as this further exposes the myths of transcending corporeality and also helps to explain the mission of transhumanism.


This article discusses some aspects of a research project that investigated the perceptions of religiosity and spirituality of young Copts from two Coptic schools in Melbourne. Contemporary Australia is a relatively young multicultural and multi-faith society so that Australian youth are exposed to a wide range of cultural and religious practices through both community interaction and a highly influential media. Within such a context, the Copts are a small ethnic community who are focused on handing on their cultural and religious heritage to their younger members. This article explores what young school-going Copts say about the various elements that appear to nurture their religiosity and spirituality.


e17502 Background: Patients (pts) with poor performance status (PS) SCLC may experience symptomatic and survival benefits with chemotherapy (CT) but are at a greater risk of early treatment related death. Currently, there is no standard treatment policy for pts with the poorest PS and management may vary from best supportive care to single agent or combination CT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment and survival of all SCLC pts with ECOG PS 3-4 presenting to a single UK Cancer Network.

METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis of all PS3 and 4 pts diagnosed with SCLC presenting from Jan 2005 to Dec 2009 at Merseyside and Cheshire Cancer Network. Data were prospectively recorded from the time of diagnosis using an electronic minimum data set.

RESULTS
A total of 246 SCLC pts presented with PS 3 (89%) or 4(11%). Median age was 71 yrs (38-91yrs), 125(51%) females and 121(49%) males, 212(86%) had extensive stage disease and 34(14%) had limited stage disease. The majority (67%) of pts did not receive any CT. Median survival for the whole group was 3 months (mo). Median survival for those who had CT was 6 mo (95% CI 3.70-8.29) compared to 2 mo (95% CI 1.71-2.28) in those who were not treated (p-value<0.01). 26% of pts who received CT died within 30 days of treatment. Median survivals for pts receiving platinum based combination CT (carboplatin and etoposide, N=41), single agent carboplatin (N=32) and oral Etoposide (N=7) were 8 mo (95% C.I 3.82-12.1), 5 mo (95% C.I 2.62-7.37) and 2 mo (95% C.I 1.21-2.78) respectively. Clinical factors for longer survival were female gender, limited disease, absent or single site visceral metastases, weight (wt) loss of less than 5% of total body wt and minimal co-morbidities. Factors predicting death within 30 days of diagnosis (N=63) were male gender, visceral metastases especially liver, more than 5% wt loss and significant co-morbidities.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall survival remains poor in the poorest PS patients with a high incidence of treatment-related early death. However, subsets of patients with minimal co morbidities, weight loss of less than 5% body weight and small volume metastases appear to benefit from CT with improvement in survival and reduction in early death. The optimum regimen remains to be defined.


To increase our understanding of the relative control of antecedent topography, sediment supply and sea-level change on grain size and organic content in the Humber Estuary, the composition of its Holocene fill over space and time has been evaluated. A model based-upon bed-by-bed description of over 3500 boreholes was sub-horizontally 'sliced' to analyse the composition of sediments in different parts of the estuary across the entire fill, as well as solely within estuary marginal sequences. Results demonstrate that different physiographic parts of the estuary are characterized by distinctive vertical sediment profiles that reflect the relative control of antecedent topography as well as sea-level upon them. The results raise questions about the processes controlling sand and gravel abundance in marginal sequences, where the estuary is physiographically most constrained. This semi-quantitative evaluation, the first of its kind on an estuarine fill, provides a technique for interpreting the relative importance of controls on an estuarine system, but highlights the need for improved modelling of estuarine channel form and dynamics over centurial to millennial time-scales.


Despite the changes and updates made in the Seismic Codes, it is obvious that the loss of life and property in the occurring earthquakes did not decrease to the desired extent. One of the most important reasons for this is that adequate and quality engineering services cannot be provided in the design of buildings. This is mostly due to complex calculation methods of the Seismic Codes. In this respect, some limit conditions are specified for the design of the cross-sectional dimensions of the structural system elements of regular buildings with shear walled-framed in Turkish Building Seismic Code (TBSC). In these relations, the smallest cross-sectional dimensions are obtained to provide sufficient axial pressure and shear force resistance of the load-carrier system and its elements. However, seismic performance of buildings are not mentioned in these design rules. In this study, the seismic performance and structural behaviour of the buildings were evaluated by considering the column and shear wall cross-section dimensions. The compatibility of the buildings designed according to the proposed design rules with seismic performance has been investigated. When the analytical results obtained are evaluated, it can be stated that the design rules specified in TBSC can be generally sufficient for the building performance and structural behaviour.


The present invention relates to a computer and a control method. Computer in accordance with the present invention, LAN module that supports remote boot function and; And the system unit; Depending on the type of user and the user input unit for generating a predetermined key signal; When the remote boot function is on, a controller of the system, the additional control to the normal operation, and disabling the feature in accordance with the input of the user input. In case a result, the computer is booted by the remote boot function, it is possible to prevent any party operating the computer.


The injunctive, which is formally characterized only by the so-called secondary desinences, in the «Vedas» is involved with the syntactic device of conjunction reduction, first analysed by Kiparsky. When two or more nominal or verbal forms are syntactically co-ordinated, only the first (or the last) of the series can have the marks, the other ones having unmarked forms. In this syntactic device, indeed, injunctive forms do not represent any formal reduction of more marked forms, but in addition virtually receive - by means of this sort of conjunction - the functional features of the related marked form.


The response of loads to frequency variation of input and connection between main frequency of lamp and parameters of output circuits is analyzed from intrinsic frequency variation curve of fluorescent lamp in this paper,and we get a way how to select the parameters of inductance and capacitance to match electric property of lamp.The result of experiments shows that the idea to use BL8301 to make electric property frequency of lamp suitable for electronic ballast is helpful to longer the span of life of lamp.


Since the late 1980s, development economists have become increasingly involved in the field of conflict studies. An influential literature has emerged which argues that economic motives are the primary drivers of contemporary civil wars. According to econometric modelling, civil wars are statistically most likely to occur in countries with a high dependence on the export of primary commodities, a high proportion of poorly educated young men in the populace, and slow economic growth (Collier 2000; Collier and Hoffler 1998, 2001). The argument is that young men are motivated to rebel by the opportunity to predate on lootable primary resources, and also by the opportunity cost of not doing so. Greed, rather than grievance, is regarded as the main motivational force behind conflict. The socalled 'greed' thesis has generated considerable debate amongst social scientists. A nascent 'beyond greed and grievance' literature acknowledges the importance of economic agendas in civil wars, but widens the narrow analytical lens of neoclassical economics to include This article investigates the applicability of the influential economics of civil war literature to the case of the conflict which occurred in Solomon Islands between 1998 and 2003. It is argued that a modified version of the greed thesis resonates with particular aspects of the situation in Solomon Islands, particularly during the latter phases of the conflict when a variety of actors, including politicians, businessmen and ex-militants, were clearly benefiting from the instrumentalisation of violence and disorder. The underlying causes of the conflict have much to do with historical patterns of uneven development which have created overlapping boundaries of social-economic inequality and ethnicity. As is the case with other recent armed conflicts in Melanesia, issues of land, identity, ethnicity and socioeconomic justice were central to the conflict. brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk


Abstract Pardosa multivaga species group is redefined. P. sinensis Yin et al., 1995 is removed from this group, and P. dukouensis Qiu & Wang, 1992 is regarded as a junior synonym to P. multivaga Simon, 1880. Diagnosis of this group mainly on epigynum and male palp, a key to the three species placed in the group, and descriptions and figures of epigynum and palpal organ of these species, are given.


A bstract: Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive sys tem, and to its functions and processes . This study mainly concen trated on the reproductive health care of women of Gadaba Tribe of Koraput. The main objective of the study was to study the antenatal and post-natal care practice of Gadaba women. To find pregnanct; related socio-cultural practices ofGadaba women. To identification misbelieves regarding food and working status of women during pregnancy. Anthropological methods like observation, interview scheduled, and case study were used to for collection of empirical data and secondary data collected from different Journals and books to get better insight in to the reproductive health of tribal. To collect on birth related practices, in depth inves tigation were carried out in this tribal group with the help of questionnaire and personal discussion and also through the personal observation.


A light guide element and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lighting fixture are described. The light guide element includes a light guide body, a plurality of first and second microstructures corresponding to each other. The light guide body includes a first and a second light-emitting surface opposite to and parallel to each other. The first and second microstructures are respectively disposed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces by a first arrangement rule based on a first datum line and a second arrangement rule based on a second datum line. The first datum line is different from the second datum line. In a normal direction of the first light-emitting surface, each second microstructure laps over the corresponding first microstructure in part. When an incident light enters the light guide body, a first and a second mesh patterns are respectively formed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces.


FIGURE 3: Histologic findings A 52-year-old Caucasian male with rheumatoid arthritis presented with a five-week history of a 1 cm left upper lid central mass. He denied antecedent trauma, insect bites, recent viral illness, or other skin lesions or changes. He had no recent fevers, chills, weight loss, or night sweats. His past medical history was significant only for hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis, with a positive Rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. His medications included methotrexate, sulfasalazine, intermittent Prednisone, and folate. On exam the mass was non-tender and appeared fixed to the lateral aspect of the left superior orbital rim. There was an additional flesh-colored plaque involving the skin overlying the medial aspect of the superior lid consistent with a xanthoma. He had no associated diplopia, vision changes, or ocular discharge. There was no change in his lid closure.


Objective To investigate the effects on release of serum cytokines and protection of lung tissues by inhibiting complement activation with cobra venom factor(CVF).Methods One hundred and 44 SD rats(clean,male,250~300 g) were randomly divided into three groups(each n=48):group A(sham group);group B(sepsis group) in which sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP);group C(CVF pretreatment):sepsis was induced by CLP after pretreatment with CVF,rats were given a dose of 50 μg/kg CVF before operation,an equal volume of saline solution in group A and group B.MPO contents,level of TNF-α、IL-6 and IL-10 were measured at 6 hours points.Lung tissues were observed for change of histopathology.Results The manifestations of sepsis were more severe in group B than that of group A.The level of TNF-α and IL-6 was higher in group B than that of group A(P0.05,P0.01).MPO content of lung tissues was higher in group B than that of group A(P0.05,P0.01).Histological damage was much severe in group B than in group A.However,after injectionCVF in group C,the manifestations of sepsis were much lighter and the levels of TNF-α、IL-6 and MPO were decreased obviously(P0.05,P0.01).The histologic damage ameliorated in CVF group as compared to that of group B.Conclusion CVF alleviates the systemic inflammatory response and provide protection to lung tissue of septic rats.


Thechanges inmolecular weight ofdeoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)synthesized after ultraviolet irradiation ofEscherichia coli WP2SuvrA, andstrains additionally mutantatpolA,exrA, recA, andexrAandpolAloci, were examined by alkaline sucrosegradient centrifugation. Ina repair-deficient uvrArecAstrain, thefrequency ofbreaks innewlysynthesized DNA was equaltothatfor pyrimidine dimers inparental DNA.Measurements oftheamountsandrates of postreplication repair ofthese breaks indicate that(i) repair istwotothree times faster whenDNA polymerase Iispresent, although (ii) almost allbreaks are repaired regardless ofDNA polymerase Iactivity. (iii) Increased ultraviolet doses leadtoan increase intheproportion ofbreaks remaining unrepaired inuvrA recA, uvrAexrA, anduvrAexrA poL4 strains. Thenumbers ofunrepaired breaks resemble thenumbers expected ifrepair ofone lesion isprevented byproximity ofa second lesion. RuppandHoward-Flanders (17) werefirst to demonstrate thatdeoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) synthesized after ultraviolet (UV)irradiation of Escherichia coli contained breaks. Alkaline sucrosegradient centrifugation analysis ofthe molecular weight ofDNA produced after a single radiation doseof6J/m2showedthat these breaks werepresent atapproximately the samefrequency asthat expected forpyrimidine dimers intheparental DNA.Thisrelationship suggested thateachtimeapyrimidine dimer passed through aDNA replication complex it failed tobasepair, andsocaused agapinthe newlysynthesized DNA.Thesize ofthegap, about 1,000 nucleotides (12), isconsistent with theidea that onceDNAsynthesis isinterrupted itisnotresumed until thereplication complex encounters thenextinitiation signal forOkazakifragment formation (22). Thedatadescribed hereprovide experimental verification oftherelationship between pyrimidine dimer andbreak frequencies fordoses of-irradiation up to10.3 J/m2inrepair-deficient E.coli. During postirradiation incubation newly synthesized DNA joins togivelarger molecules (17). Thisprocess, called postreplication repair, isbelieved toinvolve exchanges ofsections of DNA between daughter duplexes (9,18). A functional recA + geneproduct isneededfor


SUMMARY: A strain isolated from a human source is described and is proposed as the type for the species Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach in place of the one chosen by Shaw, Stitt & Cowan (1951) which has some characters of animal strains.


To the Editor.— Previous studies have established that methoxsalen (PUVA [methoxsalen plus ultraviolet light]) is an effective mode of treatment for psoriasis. 1 In a recent article inThe Journal, Stern et al (1981;245:1913) have demonstrated that this outpatient procedure is cost-effective for the treatment of psoriasis in view of the need for hospitalization for many such patients. This view was supported in an editorial by Henry H. Roenigk, MD, in the same issue (1981; 245:1941), who advocated Food and Drug Administration approval of labeling to recommend this procedure. However, the authors did not include in their equations the expenditures related to an already established risk of the treatment. Stern et al have demonstrated a significant increase in the skin cancer formation induced by this modality during a four-year period. 2,3 These cancers will require biopsies, histological examinations, and definitive therapy (eg, surgery, ionizing radiation) for complete eradication. The costs


Objective To explore the clinical significance of combined detection of serum CA153,CEA and TSGF in the diagnosis of mastocarcinoma.Method Technique of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure serum CA153 and CEA levels,and technique of biochemical colorimetric was used to detect the serum TSGF level.Results The levels and the positive rates of serum CA153,CEA and TSGF in mastocarcinoma patients were significantly higher than those of normal womem controls and mammary benign tumors patients(P0.05).The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of combined detection were higher than that of single assay.Conclusion The combined detection of serum CA153,CEA and TSGF levels has important clinical significance in the diagnosis of mastocarcinoma.


The exchange reactions of NO with 10M HNO/sub 3/ ( alpha = 1.055) and NO with N/sub 2/O/sub 3/ ( alpha = 1.031) were used to prepare 99.7% N/sup 15/. The rapid exchange rate of NO with N/sub 2/O/sub 3/ resulted in a short plate height (H.E.T.P. = 1.15 cm) so that the separation was achieved in a cascade of two columns with a total length of only 5.5 meters. In the exchange of NO with solutions of nitric acid, O/sup 18/ concentrated in the gas phase ( alpha = 1.02). A reflux system was devised for this system and short columns were successfully operated. An integrated system results in the concentration of N/ sup 15/ at one end and O/sup 18/ at the other. Experiments with a number of other exchange reactions for the concentration of O/sup 18/ or N/sup 15/ are described. These include CO/sub 2/ with water; CO/sub 2/ with amine carbamates; and NO with CuCl/sub 2/ in methanol. The characteristics of the systems which could be refluxed thermally (exchange-distillation) are of particular interest because of the relative simplicity of their operation and control. (auth)


The crystal structure of 1,2- phenylene phosphorochloridate has been determined. X-Ray irradiation of these crystals, at low temperature, leads to the formation of a radical exhibiting hyperfine structure with P and Cl nuclei. The corresponding ESR tensors are obtained, and they show that this radical is a phosphoranyl radical adopting a slightly distorded σ* structure. The same species could be produced in frozen solution, its hyperfine tensors are, then, more in accordance with a trigonal-bipyramid structure. The effects of the host matrix on the stabilization of the structure of phosphoranyl are investigated.


The spatial pattern of soil erosion and deposition on catchment scale are predicted by the GeoWEPP model in a small catchment of the Sichuan Hilly Basin. The estimated sediment delivery per unit area and sediment delivery ratio are 2760 t•km2•yr-1 and 0.485, respectively. Compared with the results derived by the second soil erosion survey based on remote sensing, the results by the GeoWEPP model are reasonable. According to the spatial pattern of sediments simulated by the GeoWEPP, the slight soil erosion rates for the wood land and patter show that the woodland have good soil and water conservation benefit than cultivated slopes. In the same time, the GeoWEPP are useful tool to establish effective policy for comprehensive treatment of small catchment in view of the soil erosion and deposition could be estimated on time-scale and spatial-scale by the GeoWEPP. Keywords-component; The GeoWEPP model; model simulation; soil redistribution; the Sichuan Hilly Basin


The post version of the four-body Born distorted wave method (BDW-4B) is applied to calculate the total cross section for single electron exchange in the collision of hydrogen-like projectiles with hydrogen atom. The post form of transition amplitude is obtained in terms of two-dimensional real integrals which can be computed numerically. This second-order theory which satisfies the correct boundary conditions is used for the collision of H , H e + , L i 2 + , B 4 + , C 5 + ?> with hydrogen atoms at intermediate and high impact energies. The validity of our results is assessed in comparison with available experimental data and other theories.


The cumulative amount of energy that a female invests (maternal energy investment, MI) in her young largely determines their survival and her fitness. To date much of the theory addressing the interspecific allometry of MI against body weight in mammals has been on the per unit time basis. However, the allometry of MI across a reproductive event or lifetime provides a more useful theoretical insight into constraints on MI across species of different body sizes. Two theoretical models are presented which describe the interspecific allometry of energy a female mammal allocates to MI per reproductive event and during her lifetime, in relation to her body size. If it is assumed that a female's weight changes little during her reproductive lifespan then these models predict that the energy devoted to MI should scale at approximately 1 with body weight. In contrast to the predictions of previous authors, these models predict that females of larger species invest a similar proportion of their energy to MI as do those of smaller species.


The dispersion and resuspension of sediments in Takahamairi Bay basin of Lake Kasumigaura were studied by means of field research and numerical simulation. The field data on wind direction and velocity, lake current, water wave, and turbidity were shown. Based on these results, we discuss how precipitated sediments were resuspended in this shallow lake. To predict the turbidity and the depth of bed erosion, a simulation model was established for this lake. The calculated turbidity showed good agreement with the field data. According to the simulated results, the turbidity reaches 200 ppm, and the bed is eroded several millimeters deep when the wind velocity exceeds 12 m/s in the lake.


The last year was not a good year for new ways of insulin delivery, at least when you regard the number of publications about this topic as a reflection about the scientific and commercial interest in this area of research. Not only has the number of papers published from the middle of 2010 to the middle of 2011 about inhaled insulin decreased in comparison with the years before, but also in general there were a limited number of publications about alternative routes of insulin administration (ARIA). Thus the number of clinical studies published in leading peerreviewed journals that can be presented here is small. Simply no data from a clinical study were published about nasal insulin, dermal insulin or transdermal insulin developments; it appears as if there is a standstill with these approaches. It would be quite helpful for this area of research if at least one product came to the market in 2012 (e.g. inhaled insulin ⁄ Technosphere insulin). It might be that an oral insulin formulation will come to the market in the next few years, but most probably in less regulated markets. The story is clearly different when it comes to insulin pens; there is an increasing number of publications about these widely used devices.


The effects of yeast on ethyl acetate-producing capability of red starter(Monascus) were studied.The yield of ethyl acetate of 6 red starter strains by liquid culture ranked in decreasing sequence as follows: M4M5M3M1M2M6.However,the yield of ethyl acetate of 6 red starter strains by liquid co-culture with S.cerevisiae or ester-producing yeast ranked in decreasing sequence as follows: M5M1M2M3M4M6.The results suggested that co-culture of red starter strains with yeast strains had great effects on ethyl acetate yield.In liquor-making practice,it was found that ethyl acetate content in base liquor by co-fermentation of red starter strains and yeast strains increased greatly than that in base liquor by common fermentation.Besides,tasting results also suggested that base liquor by co-fermentation of red starter strains and yeast strains got improved in aroma and taste.


During 2014 and 2015, symptoms of root rot were observed in tobacco fields located in Veracruz, Mexico. Phytophthora colonies developing rosaceous pattern were consistently isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and V8 juice agar media. Sporangia were papillate, noncaducous, measuring 40 to 49 x 33 to 37 μm, and with short pedicels. The sporangial shape was ovoid or ellipsoid. Chlamydospores were mostly solitary, intercalary, or terminal, measuring 29-33 μm in diameter. The oomycete was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae based on descriptions of Gallegly and Hong (2008). To confirm the identification, genomic DNA from a representative isolate was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the primers ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al., 1990). The resulting 896 bp sequence was deposited as GenBank Accession No. KR906059. BLASTn analysis showed a 97% similarity with those of P. nicotianae (GenBank Accession No. AB688370). Pathogenicity tests were performed twice on 20 healthy tobacco plants by immersion of roots in a zoospore suspension adjusted to 1 x 104 zoospores ml-1. Ten tobacco plants inoculated with sterile distilled water served as controls. Inoculated plants developed root rot symptoms after 10 days, whereas no symptoms were observed on the control plants. The oomycete present on inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobacco root rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Mexico.


Significance Ultrafast intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) sets fundamental limits to the performance of most functional molecular materials, including photosynthesis, photocatalytic efficiency, polariton chemistry, and quantum coherence in molecular qubits. Conventional approaches to resolving intramolecular vibrational coupling have been limited to large molecular ensembles and lack nanoscale sensitivity and resolution. Here, we pursue a qualitatively different approach through femtosecond infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy of molecules coupled to an infrared active antenna serving as an optical nanocavity. Through the controlled interplay between intrinsic intramolecular coupling and extrinsic Purcell-enhanced modification of vibrational lifetimes, we resolved intramolecular vibrational coupling in nanoscale molecular ensembles. Our work provides a perspective for single-molecule vibrational nanospectroscopy, infrared molecular nanophotonics, and coherent control of vibrational dynamics in quantum chemistry.


Reaction of ML[sub 3] (M = Lu, Y; L = CH(SiMe[sub 3])[sub 2], O-2,6-C[sub 6]H[sub 3][sup t]Bu[sub 2]) with octaethylporphyrin (OEPH[sub 2]) affords (OEP)ML complexes [M = Lu (1a), Y (1b), L = CH(SiM[sub 3])[sub 2]; M = Lu (2a), Y (2b), L = O-2,6-C[sub 6]H[sub 3][sup t]Bu[sub 2]]. The crystal structure of (OEP)LuCH(SiMe[sub 3])[sub 2] (1a) shows a highly dished porphyrin skeleton with the square-pyramidal, five coordinate lutetium atom 0.918 [angstrom] out of the N[sub 4] plane of the porphyrin ligand. Alkyl species 1 undergo facile protonolysis with HO-2,6-C[sub 6]H[sub 3][sup t]Bu[sub 2], HCC[sup t]Bu, or H[sub 2]O to give monomeric alkoxide, dimeric alkynyl, and dimeric hydroxide species [(OEP)MX][sub n] (n = 1,2) [M = Lu, Y; X = O-2, 6-C[sub 6]H[sub 3][sup t]Bu[sub 2] (2a,b), CC[sup t]Bu (3a,b), OH (4a,b)], respectively. Titration of (OEP)M([mu]-OH)[sub 2]M-(OEP) (4) with H[sub 2]O affords water adducts (OEP)M([mu]-OH)[sub 2](H[sub 2]O)[sub x]M(OEP). In marked contrast to the facile hydrogenation of Ln(C[sub 5]Me[sub 5])[sub 2]CH(SiMe[sub 3])[sub 2], alkyl species 1 do not undergo [sigma]-bond metathesis with H[sub 2] (20 atm, 25C, C[sub 6]D[sub 12]). Treatment with AlMe[sub 3] (2 equiv) in hexane yields monomeric, highly fluxional (OEP)Y([mu]-Me)[sub 2]AlMe[sub 2] (6), which selectively activates O[sub 2]more » to afford (OEP)Y([mu]-OMe)[sub 2]AlMe[sub 2] (7).« less


Epilepsy has been associated with cardiovascular comorbidity. Risk prediction equations are the standard tools in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), cardiovascular risk and statin use in people with epilepsy (PWE) and the general population.


The interaction of two coherent light waves in dynamic, holographic, Biochrome-type (BT) media is considered on the basis of the orientation model of photoinduced anisotropy. It is shown that, when the photoinduced anisotropy is taken into account, the range of the possible interaction scenarios is substantially broadened. The conditions for the stationary amplification of the signal wave are found. The transient mode of the wave interaction is considered, as well as the stationary mode with the frequency shift of the signal wave. The significance of the optical gyrotropy and strong dependence of the characteristics of the wave interaction on the interaction geometry are demonstrated.


This paper examines the sensitivity of nine normality test statistics; W/S, Jaque-Bera, Adjusted Jaque-Bera, D'Agostino, Shapiro-Wilk, Shapiro-Francia, Ryan-Joiner, Lilliefors'and Anderson Darlings test statistics, with a view to determining the effectiveness of the techniques to accurately determine whether a set of data is from normal distribution or not. Simulated data of sizes 5, 10, …, 100 is used for the study and each test is repeated 100 times for increased reliability. Data from normal distributions (N (2, 1) and N (0, 1)) and non-normal distributions (asymmetric and symmetric distributions: Weibull, Chi-Square, Cauchy and t-distributions) are simulated and tested for normality using the nine normality test statistics. To ensure uniformity of results, one statistical software is used in all the data computations to eliminate variations due to statistical software. The error rate of each of the test statistic is computed; the error rate for the normal distribution is the type I error and that for non-normal distribution is type II error. Power of test is computed for the non-normal distributions and use to determine the strength of the methods. The ranking of the nine normality test statistics in order of superiority for small sample sizes is; Adjusted Jarque-Bera, Lilliefor's, D'Agostino, Ryan-Joiner, Shapiro-Francia, Shapiro-Wilk, W/S, Jarque-Bera and Anderson-Darling test statistics while for large sample sizes, we have; D'Agostino, Ryan-Joiner, Shapiro-Francia, Jarque-Bera, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefor's, Adjusted Jarque-Bera, Shapiro-Wilk and W/S test statistics. Hence, only D'Agostino test statistic is classified as Uniformly Most Powerful since it is effective for both small and large sample sizes. Other methods are Locally Most Powerful. Shapiro-Francia, an improvement of Shapiro-Wilk is more sensitive for both small and large samples, hence should replace Shapiro-Wilk while the Adjsted Jarque-Bera and the Jarque-Bera should both be retained for small and large samples respectively.


Improvements in the agility of manufacturing systems in SMEs have promoted the emergence of collaborative engineering and production networks in which the partner companies cooperate to reach a shared objective. To date, much work has been undertaken to develop models and tools that facilitate hierarchical collaboration using concurrent engineering practices. In this paper a horizontal cooperation in process planning and among partners of a one-of-a-kind production (OKP) virtual enterprise is proposed. The Collaborative Process Planning (co-Planning) model enables the different participants to cooperate in three phases: Aggregate, Supervisor and Operational Planning. The result of co-Planning is a *onlinear Machining-Inspection Integrated Process Plan, which is obtained from a product model based on machining and inspection features. The co-Planning process is based on a representation supported by an integrated product-process-resource ontology. In order to establish the requirements of this ontology, this work provides the architecture, based on web services for an IT system to support the co-Planning process.


The aim of this work was to study the dispersion of liquids in gas jets in connection with the creation of high productivity nozzles. For effective combustion of fuel, systems with intensive air supply to the spray of a liquid are promising. In connection with this, a supersonic coaxial jet was experimentally studied with a central supply of liquid beyond the slit of the confuser nozzle at the modes Npr = 4 and Npr = 6. New data are obtained on the structure of the gas-liquid jet: the gas velocity field, the shadow visualization of the geometry and wave structure of the jet with and without liquid, the velocity profiles of the liquid phase, the dispersion of the droplets. The spatial distribution of the concentration of the spray was first determined. From these data, the parameters of the dispersion processes are obtained in terms the We numbers. A physical model of a supersonic coaxial gas-liquid jet with a central fluid supply is proposed.


Acquisitions of privately-held targets provide unique shareholder wealth implications which prior studies have not addressed. This study provides a comparative analysis of private versus public target takeovers, including differences in merger motivations, method of payment inferences, shareholder wealth effects, and the factors driving these wealth changes. The results show that acquirer wealth gains in private target takeovers exceed those in public target takeovers, with large private targets being the key contributors to wealth gains. Acquirer gains do not appear to come at the expense of private target gains. These findings highlight the importance of target ownership in influencing the shareholder wealth changes in takeovers.


Economic and social inequalities are significant causes for political and social instability. In Chinese society where people were indoctrinated by egalitarian socialist principles in the first 29 years of the PRC's history, the widening of the gap between rich and poor was even more destabilizing. In 2006, there were some attempts to initiate debates on the merits of the existing reform programme. The Chinese leadership realized that its legitimacy continued to depend on raising the living standards of the people; but in view of the expanding economic and social inequalities, it had to ensure that a majority of the nation would share the benefits of economic growth. There appeared to be general agreement among Chinese leaders and policy experts on the prognosis of the problems in China's impressive economic development, and the necessary steps to correct the imbalances. The Hu-Wen leadership in the early years demonstrated their determination to implement the essential policies, and they were fortunate because the almost three decades of rapid growth gave them resources to initiate the adjustments. But the resources required for a comprehensive social security programme covering the entire nation were beyond the means of the Chinese authorities. Hence it was a matter of defining the priorities and making efforts to avoid a crisis situation from emerging. The major challenges in adjusting the development strategy lay in changing the values of cadres and overcoming the resistance of vested interests. While intra-party democracy was promoted to a certain extent, reform measures were not allowed to erode the Communist Party of China's monopoly of political power.


Provided are a method and an apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotube ropes using excellent mechanical properties of CNTs. A method for manufacturing carbon nanotube ropes comprises the following steps of: preparing metal tips(720); preparing a CNT colloidal solution(740); dipping the metal tips in the CNT colloidal solution(760); and withdrawing the metal tips from the CNT colloidal solution(780). The metal tips contain tungsten. The metal tips show high wettability in the CNT colloidal solution.


A multiscale characterization approach is developed to resolve the structure of inclusions in polylactide (PLA) plasticized with acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (acrylPEG) by reactive extrusion. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) nanospectroscopy demonstrates that these inclusions have a core–shell morphology. This technique also proves that the inclusions consist of polymerized acrylPEG (poly(acrylPEG)), which is also confirmed by elastic modulus measurement using an atomic force microscope. The shell consists of poly(acrylPEG)-rich domains, while the core is less rich in the polymerized plasticizer. Upon drawing, the density of the inclusion's core and shell markedly decreases as shown by microcomputed X-ray tomography measurements, and no inclusion–matrix debonding is observed. At the same time, sub-micrometer cracks are noted between inclusions by STXM/NEXAFS imaging, which may result from the presence of crosslinking points restricting the local chain mobility. Novel knowledge about the reactive extrusion-induced PLA structure is released.


With a formulated game of non-cooperative internet service providers (ISPs), this paper proposes a new framework for apportioning ISP's responsibility in an end-to-end quality of service (QoS) request. The strategy is based on Path-Classification scheme under Nash equilibrium (PC-Nash), which is obtained by classifying paths according to the quantized QoS level. Optimal QoS-level selection of individual ISP is then captured by the Nash equilibrium. To facilitate the game solution searching, a loss network model is derived for the call acceptance probabilities and the expected utility values. Solutions provided by PC-Nash are compared with three conventional policies, i.e. most-effort (ME), least-effort (LE) and equal-distribution (ED). The reported results show the conformity of call acceptance probabilities between mathematical analysis and discrete-event simulations. Furthermore, with the utility functions of practical service models, ME and LE are found to provide comparable utilities to PC-Nash with respect to peer and retail/wholesale service models, respectively, for a network with the same path quality. However, for networks with different path qualities, PC-Nash outperforms all the conventional policies significantly. From this evidence, PC-Nash is thus expected to be useful in QoS provisioning of practical inter-domain networks.


Exploring the interplay of language and science, Larson focuses on how metaphors sway prospects for environmental sustainability. Exploring the interplay of language and science, Larson focuses on how metaphors sway prospects for environmental sustainability.


The present investigation consisted in determining the legal validity of the application
of the contract without name, based on article 82 of the Law of Productivity and Labor
Competitiveness, in the context of the implementation of the necessary machinery to achieve the automation of the productive processes of the Corporation Lindley S.A., during the period 2011-2015.
In order to achieve the purpose of this investigation, it was mainly identified the way in which the judge evaluates the decision that the employer took - the latter in his capacity as employer - on the choice of the type of modal contract to use, the dismissal of the typology of Modal contracts established by the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Act, based on economic analysis and labor surcharges; It was also analyzed whether the Judge effectively used the tool provided by labor procedural law: judicial inspection, when verifying the work performed by the worker.
All in the context of the relevant business decision to choose to automate the production processes, adapting to the regulations that allow it to implement this new form of production in the company, from a manual to an automated form.
The research was carried out with a quantitative cut, obtaining information from various sources, such as revision of legislation, doctrine and national jurisprudence, which favored in the identification and analysis of sentences. With the result that the unmodified modal contract requires an even more rigorous analysis than the typology of modal contracts established in the LPCL, in order to guarantee the residually of this type of contracting, being relevant the importance of the discard analysis of the typology of modal contracts and the requirements of objective causality and temporality. As well as the fundamental role of the on-site realization of judicial inspection, in the process of verifying the work carried out by the worker within the process of productive automation.
All this, with the objective that this research helps the employers and workers of the
private sector, since a process of productive automation is a decisive business decision in the internal economy of the company, concerted and evaluated in correlation with the Local and national economy, without neglecting the tuitive nature of labor law


The nature of the catalyst–support interactio in a very active system based on hydrated ruthenium oxide on a Teflon substrate has been investigated mainly by XPS. The presence of ruthenium species chemisorbed on the substrate by means of hydrogen bonds and ruthenium species bonded toe Teflon to form 'ruthenate-like compounds' is proposed. A model implying the formation of intermediate RuVIII compounds 'anchored' to the substrate is porposed to explain the peculiar catalytic behaviour of this activ esupported catalyst.


The synthesis of the decanucleotide (X) can be achieved using a successful deprotection method by treatment with the tin species (IX) for the internal phenylthiogroup. The fully protected precursor of (X) is synthesized starting from the units (Ia) and (Ib) as shown in the scheme (usual reaction conditions).


Abstract : Neutral molecules given off by spacecraft outgassing or thrusters may become ionized by solar uv radiation or ambient energetic electrons. These ions may be reattracted to the spacecraft and hence constitute a source of contamination for sensitive spacecraft surfaces. In this report, the magnitude of this effect is calculated. Comparable fluxes of ions are found to be produced by uv radiation and by electrons. It is predicted that 0.02 percent of the heavy neutral spacecraft effluents will be ionized within the spacecraft plasma sheath, and all of these will be returned to a negatively charged spacecraft. Using the best available outgas fluxes, it is also predicted that the reattraction of outgas products will be a significant contaiminating effect during the initial several months of the spacecraft's orbital lifetime, second only to direct contaminant impingement. Together these effects deposite 100 A of contaminants in the first 6 months. The ionization/reattraction mechanism cannot be ruled out on the basis of present data. The implications of assuming that this contamination mechanism is the dominant one during the early spacecraft lifetime are examined. In addition, a list of parameters that need to be measured more accurately is presented, and ways to combat contamination from this source are outlined.


Doctor-patient interaction has become a hot topic since The Federation of State Medical Boards added a test on bedside manner to the 2004 physician exams.


Fatigue and workplace accidents are part of occupational health and safety science. One form of the accident was the explosion of a ship at one of the shipyard companies in Batam. This accident can occur due to human factors such as fatigue. Fatigue causes unsafe work behavior that causes workplace accidents. Fatigue is easier for shipyard workers because of the heavier workload. So the researchers wanted to find a relationship between fatigue and the incidence of workplace accidents at PT. Bandar Abadi Shipyard. The research method is observational analytic with cross sectional approach conducted at PT. Bandar Abadi Shipyard Batam. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with a population of 416 workers and obtained the results of 200 workers determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were analyzed and tested by Chi-square test. The results showed that there were 51 (58.6%) workers who were not fatigued and did not work accidents, 36 (41.4%) workers who were not fatigue and workplace accidents. Whereas 38 (33.6%) workers and workers who were exhausted and did not work accidents were exhausted and workplace accidents were 75 (66.4%) workers. The Chi-Square analysis results obtained a significance value of p = 0,000. This number is significant because the p value is smaller than 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between fatigue and the incidence of workplace accidents. The relative value of risk in this study was 2,796. With this value, it can be interpreted that workers who experience fatigue are at risk of 2,796 or almost 3 times to experience workplace accidents compared to workers who do not experience fatigue.


Non-profit organisations (NPO) are focused on improving civil society and despite the fact that achieving profit does not represent their aim, non-profit organisations are becoming more like companies because they face strong competition in fundraising and the higher demands of their stakeholders for the increased effectiveness. New conceptual frameworks of NPO management emphasise performance management and financial management relying on accounting information. Therefore, understanding of accounting becomes crucial in achieving NPO success. However, as opposed to the companies that employ economists (who are familiar with accounting), NPOs usually lack in these experts and the questions regarding the understanding and the use of accounting information are being raised. Empirical research results indicate that conversance with accounting could be better in NPOs in Croatia. Hypotheses regarding the positive impact of conversance with accounting on decision-making and financial planning are supported.


We report results of radio and hard X-ray monitoring observations of the Galactic superluminal X-ray source GRS 1915+105 carried out with the Green Bank Interferometer and the Burst and Transient Source Experiment during the period 1994 September through 1996 March. Both the radio and the hard X-ray light curves show a complex transient behavior. The radio emission monitored at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz is correlated with episodes of enhanced hard X-ray emission. A phenomenological classification of the radio emission indicates two distinct emission modes: plateau and flaring. Plateau radio emission is in general optically thick, with a flat-topped light curve showing a rapid onset and decrease of the flux density. The radio flaring state shows large radio flares that can increase in flux density by 2 orders of magnitude in less than 18 hr, followed by an optically thin exponential decay. These observed large radio flares are consistent with external propagation of plasmoids emitting synchrotron radiation. We comment on the significance of these results, and suggest a scenario for modeling the multiwavelength behavior of GRS 1915+105.


General reduction of the elliptic hypergeometric equation to the level of complex hypergeometric functions is described. The derived equation is generalized to the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem for new rational integrable N-body systems emerging from particular degenerations of the elliptic Ruijsenaars and van Diejen models.


Abstract The acoustic radiation from circular cylindrical shells is of fundamental and applied interest. However, in previous studies, in order to obtain an analytical solution for practical applications, the cylindrical shell is normally assumed infinite in length. Obviously, this assumption would cause error in the analysis for a finite length circular cylindrical shell, especially as the length of the shell becomes comparable to the radius. In this study, the end effects of the length and the boundary conditions on the acoustic behavior of a circular cylindrical shell is discussed. It is found that the boundary conditions would affect the modal radiation efficiencies very much in the subsonic region. However, it has been shown that there exists a condition under which the end effects could be neglected for modal radiation efficiencies so that the infinite model could be used with fair accuracy. Also, it is found that if the length (l) of a circular cylindrical shell with radius a and thickness h is much greater than 2πa a / h , beam-bending modes would dominate the vibration response below the cut-off frequency of the second circumferential mode and the cylindrical shell can be treated as a beam with reasonable accuracy.


With growing popularity of social networking sites its usage is tremendously enhanced. Due to such massive usage, it has some privacy issues that it doesn't have control on the unwanted post that displayed on the users or their friends wall. Certain users addicted to share their photos on OSN. But sometimes there may be chances to leak their private photos when they allowed displaying them without any secrecy. Recently, social networking sites like facebook improved their privacy levels that user can have their own control on their profile. To provide privacy for users wall rule-based system is implemented. It allows customize filtering for users profiles. Text based filtering techniques can provide message filtering based on the content. Some sort text classifier techniques provide analysis of message content. Whereas, FR system automatically ide8ntify users shared images and videos. By analyzing picture present in shared image or video, decision can be taken that whether to share or block the content with respect to user policies. System may also provide facility to auto blocking of user. If user always try to post video of certain person without his/her permission more than three times then user will get automatically blocked. It will evaluate the system performance on large dataset and can calculate accuracy of the system. To control privacy leakage in social networking user may have some base to give permission before tagging or posting his/her photos or co-photos. FRsystem for privacy management identifies co-photos of owner.


Survivin is a small protein member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Its expression occurs in G2/M phase of cell cycle, acting inhibiting apoptosis blocking caspases cascade directly or indirectly, and also controlling cell division. Survivin was found to be overexpressed in breast cancer, and its expression have been associated mostly with poor outcome. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Survivin immunoexpression in early stage (pT1pN0 or pT2pN0) breast cancer. The study was conducted collecting data from 170 women with invasive breast carcinoma. The case group (n=57) and control group (n=113) consisted of patients with and without tumor recurrence, respectively. Immunohistochemical Tissue Microarray analyses were conducted to detect Survivin expression. In addition, molecular classification was done based on immunohistochemistry, and classic clinical and histological breast cancer variables were collected. The findings were submitted to the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariate analysis with multinomial logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (p Multinomial logistic regression model. In the first model, variables with p Citation Format: Heloisa OM Belchior, Victor P Andrade, Marcos VA Lima, Maria do PSS Cunha, Monique BC Lemos, Paulo GB Silva, Isabelle JL Silva-Fernandes. Survivin immunoexpression: An independent prognostic marker of recurrence in early-stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS6-61.


Following a result by De Rijke for modal logic, it is shown that the basic weak entailment model-theoretic language with absurdity is the maximal model-theoretic language having (i) the finite occurrence property, (ii) preservation under relevant directed bisimulations and (iii) the finite depth property. This can be seen as a generalized preservation theorem characterizing propositional weak entailment formulas among formulas of other model-theoretic languages.


With the rapid development of e-commerce platforms, people need to classify massive clothing in a more detailed manner.However,existing models like CNN-based methods are not good at capturing long-distance dependencies because of limited perceptual fields while transformer-based methods lack strenth of capturing local feature details. In this paper, we propose a ECA-TL model that connects CNN to ViT models to get both global and local features for clothing classification. Firstly, we use ResNet to extract low-level semantic information and a light weight Efficient Channel Attention module(ECA) to obtain features with channel attention.Then the self-attention mechanism of ViT model is applied to capture global features while the training process is supervised by pre-generated local labels from the TokenLabeling module(TL). The experimental results show that our proposed method has a effective improvement on the prediction ability of the benchmark network with an accuracy of 87.78%.


The database structure of electric power managing system in a rural area is expounded. The errors in using the database are pointed out and the methods to modify the errors are given. It was shown by practice that the database system supported by C ++ builder has the properties of stabilization and credibility.


BACKGROUND Job satisfaction has a significant impact on the work behaviour of faculty members and their attitudes to their work. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no recent studies on job satisfaction among the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the current study was to explore the factors influencing job satisfaction among nursing department faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities. METHODS This online survey was approved by Taif University under code (42 - 0085). A 35 - item (6 dimensions) five option Likert - type draft questionnaire on job satisfaction was distributed for online anonymous self-reporting by the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities (N = 116). RESULTS The general level of overall job satisfaction (OJS) of the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities on all dimensions of job satisfaction is observed to be low (OJS mean 1,28), while work itself and interpersonal relationships were high. The dimensions of job satisfaction were analysed by path coefficient and the significance test. First, for faculty member's job satisfaction as a higher order factor consists of 6 first order factors: the influence of salary and welfare on job satisfaction is the greatest, with a path coefficient reaching .580. Next comes job competence, leader behaviour, interpersonal relationships, and the work itself. CONCLUSIONS A seven-factor job satisfaction model is advanced, including one high order factor (job satisfaction) and six first-order factors (salary and welfare, the work itself, leader behaviour, personal growth, interpersonal relationships and job competence) demonstrated good overall psychometric properties in terms of construct validity and internal consistency reliability in both the overall sample and its separately analysed subgroups. KEY WORDS Faculty Members, Job Satisfaction, Nursing Colleges, Quality of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia


Standardization of herbal formulation is essential in order to asses the quality of drugs for therapeutic value. According to an estimate of world Health Organization (WHO) nearly 80% of population of developing countries relies on traditional medicine. Jatyadi Ghrita was found in authentic book like Ayurvedic formulary of India and used as a topical product prescribed for the treatment of all kind of wounds of the body. It is a polyherbal preparation containing eleven ingredients. In this research paper an attempt has been made to develop standardization method for some of the ingredients of Jatyadi Ghrita. Quantitative estimation and stability was done by HPTLC methods using Glycyrrhetinic acid, Ursolic acid, Karanjin, Curcumin, Berberine and kutkin as markers which are major constituents of formulation. A standard laboratory reference sample of Jatyadi Ghrita and four marketed samples were evaluated as per methods. Data has been provided to demonstrate applicability of the methods to standardization of Jatyadi Ghrita.


The present invention is a wide-area geothermal power generation system that can reliably capture geothermal heat from a large area including an area rich in geothermal heat and effectively collect and use the geothermal heat distributed deep underground for electrical power generation, even when the geothermal heat in a high-temperature geothermal heat zone deep underground is distributed so as to exhibit variation in a roughly horizontal direction between areas rich in geothermal heat and areas not rich in geothermal heat. This wide-area geothermal power generation system includes: a casing pipe that includes a heat exchange unit that extends in a roughly horizontal direction or an oblique direction in an area of at least 50 m or more in the horizontal direction in a high-temperature geothermal heat zone deep underground; a circulation pipe that is inserted into the casing pipe and causes a fluid that serves as a heat medium to circulate therein such that heat exchange is made possible with nearby geothermal heat outside of the circulation pipe; and a power generation turbine that is driven by the geothermal heat energy from the circulation pipe.


Post-mortem electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments have been carried out between room temperature and 20 K to examine the radiation-induced defects in fictive temperature (Tf) treated Heraeus F300 silica (0.1 ppm OH, 1500 ppm Cl2). In particular, we focus our attention on Self-Trapped Hole (STH) centers detected in 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C Tf treated samples irradiated at room temperature by gamma rays at 6 kGy. By repeating annealing cycles between 77 and 300 K on the same samples, we observed that the EPR signal attributed to STH decreases as the temperature increases but in a reversible manner. We evidenced a deviation from the Curie law for T > 70 K and suggested an interpretation based on the decrease in the "strain-assisted TH" population by reversible excitation of the trapped hole to a delocalized state with an activation energy of 7.8 meV. This also means that the precursors of hole trapping sites (a local strain atomic configuration) remain stable until 300 K at least.


Multi-component fertilization has been found to have effects on grass metabolism, such as the stimulation of life processes and the reduction of adverse environmental conditions and pathogens. The research aimed to determine the bonitation value (assessment of the value in use) of turfgrass under the influence of using a multi-ingredient fertilizer. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland). The solution was applied through foliar application at three rates: 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 L·ha−1. This fertilizer contains essential minerals and growth stimulants. An increase in the concentration of the test fertilizer used for spraying was associated with increased effectiveness. The plants with the highest dose of the multi-component fertilizer (treatment III) were characterized by the highest aesthetic values. The use of the concentrate reduced the occurrence of fungal plant diseases. Compared to control plants, 13% less snow mold infection and 25% fewer brown leaf spots were found. Satisfactory effects were also obtained on objects where mineral-organic concentrate was applied at a dose of 2.0 L·ha−1 (treatment II). Plants that received Treatment II and III resulted in 9% less snow mold and 15% less brown leaf spot compared to controls. In the object with the highest concentration dose (treatment III), the green index (NDVI) was also higher by 8% and the leaf greenness index (SPAD) by 7% compared to the plants from the control objects.


The EtOAc extract obtained from ten edible North American plants, Acorus calamus, Clintonia borealis, Gaultheria shallon, Juniperus osteosperma, Opuntia polyacantha, Prunus americana, Prunus virginiana, Sambucus cerulea, Sorbus americana and Vaccinium parvifolium, were tested in the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. High antioxidant activity was obtained from the extracts of three fruits, Gaultheria shallon, Sambucus cerulea and Prunus americana and one extracted rhizome, Acorus calamus. Catechin and epicatechin, potent polyphenolic antioxidants, were identified in the EtOAc extracts of Gaultheria shallon and Sambucus cerulea by reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose: Increasing diversity in the physician assistant (PA) workforce has been identified as a key priority by national PA organizations and PA programs alike. This study aimed to understand why certain applicants did not progress in PA program admissions by exploring common reasons for nonprogression and identifying any demographic trends. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of applicants over the last 5 consecutive admission cycles at the University of California Davis Physician Assistant program. Results: The most common reasons for denial, starting with the most prevalent, were low application score, bachelor's GPA <3.0, missing prerequisite(s), late application, and science GPA <2.7. Several associations between demographic groups and reasons for nonprogression were identified. Conclusions: The findings from a multicohort study might help programs consider these issues in their own programs and identify interventions to support underrepresented applicants.


To quantify solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure of a certain occupational group involved i n typical outdoor work in Austria, a study was conduc ted using UVR-sensitive polysulphone (PS) film badges a nd electronic UV dosimeters. The study found that the investigated workers were exposed to high levels of UVR, in most cases without adequate sun protection.


Automatic Train Operation is widely seen as the next big boost for the productivity and performance of main line railways. Automation has been used by metros for almost half a century, and today the technology is well proven. Urban transit operators around the world have been reaping important benefits, yet the number of main line applications remains limited. Several railways have announced trials with ATO over the coming years, while a handful of commercial applications are taking shape. One of the major challenges is adapting ATO to the very different operating conditions found on mixed traffic networks. It is relatively straightforward to provide automation within a closed system, where the trains are all essentially the same, with similar performance characteristics and a handful of standard stopping patterns. But this is clearly not the case where fast and slow passenger and freight trains must share the same tracks, sometimes run by different operators. Some form of interoperable technology is needed, which as yet is not available off the shelf. When discussing ATO, it is important to distinguish between the four grades of automation (Table I), which require diminishing levels of human involvement up to GoA 4 which is fully unattended. In terms of technology, the typical configuration can be represented as a triangle, with the onboard ATO equipment driving the train using routes and commands set by an Automatic Train Supervision function in the control centre and a separate Automatic Train Protection system providing the safety overlay.


Careful mapping of more than 50 distinctive seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies between magnetochrons C5 and M4 has been used to develop a detailed spreading history for the South Atlantic between 15°S and 45°S and to investigate spreading axis interactions with the Tristan hotspot. Spreading appears to be roughly symmetrical with 3 separate phases identified: (1) steady spreading of ~30 mm/yr from 10 to ~45 Ma, (2) slower (15-18 mm/yr) and more variable spreading from 45 to ~70 Ma, and (3) an earlier faster spreading (45 mm/yr) from 70 to 84 Ma. C34-M0 distances provide an average value for pre-C34 spreading of ~27mm/yr. The noticeably larger C34M0 distance on the S. American side near 32°S, 40°W is attributed to one or more eastward ridge jumps that occurred between 84 and 120 Ma. Residualized free air satellite gravity data have been used to delineate fracture zones (FZs) associated with the Early Cretaceous through Tertiary opening. More than 20 flow lines determined from these FZs intersect the magnetic lineations mapped between C5 and M4. The FZs and isochron data have been used to compute stage poles from 130 Ma to the present for both the South American and African sides, and the corresponding total reconstruction poles. Features attributed to hotspot activity on each plate have been rotated about these poles to determine when the hotspot was beneath the spreading axis. Coincident on-axis locations and the age of the underlying oceanic crust have then been used to document the history of the interaction of the Tristan hotspot with the spreading axis. In a fixed Africa reference frame the hotspot appears to move west-southwest. From 120 Ma to ~ 70 Ma, spreading was sufficiently rapid that the hotspot was maintained on or close to the ridge axis by eastward ridge jumps. From 70 to ~45 Ma the slower spreading allowed the hotspot to remain on the ridge without ridge jumps. At 45 Ma the hotspot crossed beneath the Meteor transform fault, was displaced from the ridge axis and became isolated beneath the African plate. The subsequent increase in spreading rate resulted in the hotspot remaining beneath the African plate where it has produced that part of the Walvis Ridge track between the Meteor FZ and Tristan from 45 Ma and the present. Comparison of paleolatitudes determined for Walvis Ridge features north of the Meteor FZ with Tristan's present location suggests no significant latitudinal motion of the Tristan hotspot since ~80Ma. Between 130 Ma and 80Ma, however, the paleolatitude of hotspot features are roughly 10° more northerly that present day Tristan.


implantation of intraocular lenses, but that it was well known that such criteria rarely were followed. My colleagues said that they rarely implanted lenses in patients under the age of 70. They believed that such patients would "probably not be around long enough to develop any complications that might later ensue." They did state, however, that they had seen complications after implants had been performed by local surgeons, and that the patient was then reluctant to return to the surgeon for further therapy. When I asked would they have intraocular lenses implanted in their eyes if cataracts developed, their response was emphatically negative. In my extensive travels throughout the United States and in a number of foreign countries, I have found the majority of ophthalmologists to be reluctant to implant intraocular lenses. However, due to "the economics" as well as to the psychology that new is good and old is


Annual monitoring was conducted on the population dynamics of the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae) through methyl eugenol-baited traps all year during 2004—2006 in Lujiangba,Yunnan,China.Temperature,rainfall and host-plant species were analyzed in relation to population fluctuations of the fly.The results indicate that the fruit fly occurs all year around in Lujiangba.The population fluctuation is significantly separated into two periods: a low tide population period from December to next April,and a high tide population period from May to November with high abundance in August in each year.Mango,longan,citrus,papaya,lichee and guava were the most preferred host plants of B.dorsalis in Lujiangba.The planting areas,fruiting periods and productions of these fruits exerted essential effects on the fly population fluctuations,and regarded as one of the important factors affecting the fly population dynamics in the Lujiangba area.Stepwise regression analysis demonstrates that during the period from May to November,monthly mean temperature,monthly mean maximum temperature,monthly rainfall,monthly raining days,monthly sunlight hours and relative humidity synthetically impact the population dynamics,among these factors,monthly raining days and relative humidity are crucial factors affecting the population dynamics.During period from December to next April,monthly mean temperature,monthly mean maximum temperature,monthly sunlight hours and relative humidity synthetically impact the population dynamics,among them,the monthly mean maximum temperature and the monthly mean temperature are the crucial factors affecting the population dynamics.


A GBT formulation for 1st order elastoplastic analysis is presented and its application illustrated for a elastic-perfectly plastic simply supported I-setion beam subjected to point loads at mid-span. GBT results were validated against ABAQUS by means of shell finite element models. There is an excellent agreement in that comparison, particularlly regarding equilibrium paths and deformed configurations. With respect to stress diagrams, GBT results are very satisfactory for axial, shear and von Mises stresses, but distinct with respect to transverse normal stresses. However, the transverse normal stress 3D contours are qualitatively similar between GBT and ABAQUS in the whole beam domain.


The comprehensive utilization of cool energy in liquified natural gas (LNG) for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants has been expounded,this technology conforms with cascade utilization of cool energy in LNG,enhancing effectively the utilization efficiency of cool energy in LNG,making the utilization effiency of cool energy in LNG reaches about 70% and higher.At the same time,the output capacity and efficiency of IGCC units have been enhanced by a big margin,improving the economic efficiency of power plant.


The oral contraceptive (OC) is evaluated as a means of curbing the worlds population explosion. Attention is directed to the chemistry of the OC (estrogens and progestagens) mode of administration mode of action additional effects of the OC: metabolic changes side effects and complications (vascular thrombosis cerebrovascular accidents myocardial infarction hypertension endometrial cancer cervical carcinoma ovarian neoplasia breast tumors hepatocellular adenoma pituitary adenoma) beneficial effects risk assessment changes in behavior and mores and impact on population growth and attitudes. There is no question that among the temporary contraceptive methods the OC is the most effective easy to use and acceptable. The main action of the OC is on the hypothalamus and hypophysis blocking the release of gonadotropins and especially of the luteinizing hormone in sufficient quantities thus preventing ovulation. The side effects of OC use are numerous and their importance lies in the subjective feeling of the woman using them. Although the complications may be severe and may sometimes cause death they need to be kept in their proper perspective. This is especially the case when compared with the dangers of pregnancy and delivery in developing countries. Beneficial effects of OC use include a decreased incidence of benign and possibly malignant breast tumors and ovarian tumors. Except for certain very specific groups OC use is definitely an acceptable calculated risk. The question of whether the OC has been responsible for increased promiscuity has not yet been resolved and the problem remains controversial. It appears that for the individual couple who wants to restrict the size of their family modern contraceptive methods and particularly the OC are adequate but OCs are not the answer when it comes to large masses of population. The OC is a 1st step as current methods do not really cure the disease. It does seem that only a total change in the mores and attitudes of the establishment whether secular or religious can change the situation. The economic and other incentives practiced at this time to increase the family should be changed to incentives for the small family. Couples should be persuaded to marry late and tax benefits should be given to smaller families.


At a time when proofofresearch ability has become so essential a part ofacademic life the Scottish Enlightenment has not surprisingly provided considerable scope for postgraduate study, as a briefglance through Sher's forty-seven page bibliographical essay immediately makes clear. His contribution concentrates on the life and times of five leading churchmen, Hugh Blair, AlexanderCarlyle, Adam Ferguson,John Home, and William Robertson, all of whom, as a distinctive coherent group, played decisive roles in the intellectual and cultural life of the country during the second halfof the eighteenth century. It is these men whom he collectively designates "The Moderate Literati ofEdinburgh", and whom he sees not just


Lillian-Yvonne Bertram's 2019 book of poetry is titled Travesty Generator in reference to Hugh Kenner and Joseph O'Rourke's Pascal program to "fabricate pseudo-text" by producing text such that each n-length string of characters in the output occurs at the same frequency as in the source text. Whereas for Kenner and O'Rourke, labeling their work a "travesty" is a hyperbolic tease or a literary burlesque, for Bertram, the travesty is the political reality of racism in America. For each of the works Travesty Generator , Bertram uses the generators of computer poetry to critique, resist, and replace narratives of oppression and to make explicit and specific what is elsewhere algorithmically insidious and ambivalent. In "Counternarratives", Bertram presents sentences, fragments, and ellipses that begin ambiguously but gradually resolve point clearly to the moment of Trayvon Martin's killing. The poem that opens the book, "three_last_words", is at a functional level a near-echo of the program in Nick Montfort's "I AM THAT I AM", which is itself a version or adaptation of Brion Gysin's permutation poem of the same title. But Bertram's poem has one important functional difference in that Bertram's version retains and concatenates the entire working result. With this modification, the memory required to produce all permutations of the phrase, "I can't breathe", is sufficiently greater than the storage available most computers, so the poem will end in a crashed runtime or a frozen computer--metaphorically reenacting and memorializing Eric Garner's death. Lillian-Yvonne Bertram's Travesty Generator is a challenging, haunting, and important achievement of computational literature, and in this essay, I expand my reading of this book to dig more broadly and deeply into how specific poems work to better appreciate the collection's contribution to the field of digital poetry.


Electromyography (EMG) is used routinely to diagnose neuromuscular dysfunction in a wide range of peripheral neuropathies, myopathies, and neuromuscular degenerative diseases including motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Definitive neurological diagnosis may also be indicated by the analysis of pathological neuromuscular innervation in motor‐point biopsies. Our objective in this study was to preempt motor‐point biopsy by combining live imaging with electrophysiological analysis of slow degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in vivo.


Cryptocurrency, and especially Bitcoin, has struggled to gain recognition as a legitimate currency from governments, financial institutions, and consumers. This has occurred because many analysts and consumers believe that Bitcoin is not a stable and consistent store of value, a unit of measurement, or a medium of exchange. One way to overcome this challenge is for Bitcoin to be used as both a currency and store of value by a greater percentage of the world's population. This paper seeks to identify how a change in Bitcoin's monetary measurement (or denomination) can more easily facilitate Bitcoin transactions to increase its use. Specifically, we posit that applying whole number bias theory, from the cognitive psychology and mathematics fields, to Bitcoin's unit of measurement will allow the value of Bitcoin to be referenced in smaller and easier tounderstand units with fewer numbers after the decimal point—such as the "Bit" or the "Satoshi." In the process, the use of Bitcoin will include more whole numbers and allow the general public to more easily assign value to Bitcoin in day-to-day transactions.


Excerpt To the editor: The case report of methyl iodide intoxication by Appel and colleagues (Ann Intern Med82:534-536, 1975) is a useful description of a complex illness, all of the features of wh...


propaganda), but also the process of reception (surveillance) is an important component of waging war. The Invisible Weapon is excellent throughout, and Headrick is particularly strong in discussing the role of telecommunications in the practice of international relations by national governments. At times, readers might wish for a bit more consideration of the role of private corporations in formulating and influencing public policy. For example, Headrick suggests that American government policy in the 1920s and 1930s played a minor role in the rise of American power in telecommunications (p. 213). Though it is indeed true that the federal government of the United States did not at all mirror the national governments of Europe and Japan regarding telecommunications policy, the "deregulation" of the 1920s and 1930s was nevertheless a conscious, formulated policy carefully arrived at through a decade of public-private dialogue concerning the shape and scope of American communications. To be fair, however, there is plenty of evidence elsewhere in The Invisible Weapon that portrays the ways and means in which American telecommunications corporations came to hold such a large degree of influence and control over the presence—or, more often, the intentional lack—of American policy and legislation. Ultimately, the successful structure of this book and the diligence and care exercised in research and writing make The Invisible Weapon a work that future historians will turn to repeatedly as the study of information and communications takes on increasing intellectual and social importance.


New advanced technology for creation of the npn power silicon bipolar SHF transistor structure is proposed. Preferences of the advanced technology in comparison with standard technology are demonstrated. Simulation of both technology flows was performed with emphasis on scaling of the discussed device structure.


This master's thesis is an investigation into Xavier Dolan's depictions of queer and non-normative characters. Through close analyses of the director's first five films, this study identifies Dolan ...