Accurate position information is critical for the emerging applications of autonomous vehicles. Compared with absolute position information, relative positions are often more relevant for neighboring vehicles to perform joint tasks such as fleeting and overtaking. In this paper, we propose a relative localization scheme for ground vehicles aided by the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Each UAV makes ranging measurements with ground base stations and other UAVs in the round-trip time mode. The UAVs then broadcast their measurements to the ground vehicles, and each vehicle estimates its position based on the received data and the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the signals from the UAVs. The Cram ́er-Rao lower bound for the vehicles' absolute position errors is derived using the information inequality, based on which the relative position error bound is obtained through subspace projection. Finally, a two- stage localization algorithm for the vehicles is developed, which estimates the UAVs' positions followed by a weighted TDOA method. Numerical results show that the relative position errors between vehicles can reach the decimeter level even with meter- level absolute position errors.


The capecitabine intermediate 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine was synthesized from 5-fluorocytidine via selective bromination by PPh3/Br2at 5' position and hydrogenation by Pd/C within two steps and 52% yield. This method takes advantages of available materials,short reaction steps,pure configuration and excellent yield,providing new avenue of synthesizing 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine and its derivatives,indicating potential application prospect.


New data about localities of 31 rare plant species are reported. 2 species (Isoёtes echinospora, Neottianthе cucullata ) are included in Red Data Book of Russian Federation, 2 species (Pulsatilla patens, Jurinea cyanoides ) – in Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife. Another rare plant species of the Ivanovo region are briefly characterized.


Alkali-extracted erythrocyte ghost membranes from Rh0(D)-positive and Rho(D)-negative donors were incubated with human immune anti-Rho(D) IgG and nonimmune IgG. After sensitization with IgG, the integral membrane proteins were solubilized in Brij 36T nonionic detergent and chromatographed by gel filtration. There was a distinct resolution of IgG into free and membrane-complexed forms. The IgG-complexed membrane proteins were isolated by the use of a staphylococcal protein A affinity support. The protein A-bound complexes were examined for polypeptide composition by gel electrophoresis after elution. Only Rh0(D)-positive membrane proteins incubated with immune antiRho(D) IgG revealed intact band 3. Control Rh-negative membrane proteins that had reacted with immune anti-Rho(D) IgG and the Rh-positive membranes that had reacted with nonimmune IgG showed only low molecular weight fragments ofband 3 that bound nonspecifically to IgG. Arguments are presented supporting a band 3 localization for the Rh antigen. The Rh antigens are restricted to the erythrocyte plasma membranes ofthe highest primates, including man. Since the report by Levine in 1939 (1), a wealth ofserologic and genetic data have accumulated that suggest, among other things, the importance of Rh to normal erythrocyte survival and its possible involvement in several idiopathic and drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemias. An existing paradox is that despite the vast amount ofinformation available about the structure ofthe erythrocyte plasma membrane (2, 3), it has not been possible to relate this knowledge to the molecular structure of Rh. In part, this probably reflects the lipid-dependent, integral membrane protein character of the Rh complex as elucidated mainly by Green (4, 5). Data from radiation inactivation studies (6) and the gel filtration behavior of solubilized membrane fractions (7) have indicated a molecular size range from 174,000 to below 300,000 daltons, respectively, for the Rh0(D) antigen. Membrane proteins can be classified as integral or peripheral (2). In the erythrocyte, the peripheral constituents face the cytoplasm and thus would be unlikely candidates for antigenic activity in the native erythrocyte. They also are capable of associating with integral components after nonionic detergent solubilization under nondenaturing conditions (8). Evidence obtained with a variety of techniques suggests that in the human erythrocyte only the integral polypeptides band 3 [nomenclature of Steck (9)] and the sialoglycoproteins have significant exposure on the cell surface. Our approach to the Rh antigen problem has been to start with an integral protein-enriched erythrocyte membrane fraction obtained by mild alkaline extraction and, after anti-Rho(D) IgG binding, to solubilize and isolate those membrane components bound to IgG and by implication associated with the Rh antigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Integral Membrane Protein Fraction. Fresh blood was obtained from normal type 0, Rh0(D)-positive and Rho(D)-negative donors. Ghosts were prepared from washed erythrocytes containing no detectable leukocytes, essentially by the method of Fairbanks et al. (10). The procedure for obtaining integral proteins was a modification of the method of Steck and Yu (11). The important modifications consisted of including EDTA during the alkaline extraction step and subsequent S-alkylation with iodoacetamide after the extraction. These measures were designed to control the tendency of the alkali-treated proteins to aggregate as reflected by the presence of aggregated material or the inability to penetrate gels in the absence of reductant during sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide electrophoresis (12). Freshly prepared ghosts were suspended at 3 mg of protein per ml in 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 8.0 (5P8), containing 1 mM EDTA and preincubated for 10 min at 0°C. After this preincubation, designed to inhibit trace metal-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation, the sample was mixed with pH 12 water containing 1 mM EDTA and through which N2 had been bubbled, to a final protein concentration of0.3 mg/ ml. After maintenance of the pH at 12 for 20 min at 0WC, the suspension was centrifuged (27,000 X g, 30 min), washed by resuspending in 5P8 containing 1 mM EDTA and 5 mM recrystallized iodoacetamide, and centrifuged again. The sample was then resuspended in 5P8/1 mM EDTA/5 mM iodoacetamide and incubated at 0°C in the dark with stirring for 20 min at a final protein concentration of 3-6 mg per ml. After this step, the sample was dialyzed against 0.015 M sodium phosphate/ 0.15 M NaCl, pH 6.5 (BNS 6.5), containing 5 mM iodocetamide in the dark and finally against BNS 6.5 alone before incubation with IgG in BNS 6.5. Immunoglobulin G Isolations. The IgG fractions from hightitered anti-Rho(D) serum and from normal nonimmune serum were obtained by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography by the method ofLevy and Sober (13) and were labeled with [l2I]iodine monochloride as described by Helmkamp et al. (14). The anti-Rho(D) serum was monospecific when tested against a commercial erythrocyte panel and had an antiglobulin titer of 1:16,000 when tested against an R1Rj cell. Incubation of Membrane Proteins with IgG. Immune antiRho(D) IgG was incubated with integral proteins derived from Rho(D)-positive and Rho(D)-negative erythrocytes. In addition, nonimmune IgG was incubated with Rho(D)-positive membrane proteins. For all experiments, the "MI-labeled IgG used Abbreviations: 5P8, 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 8.0; BNS 6.5, 0.015 M sodium phosphate/0. 15 M NaCl, pH 6.5; IMP, intramembranous


In order to provide reference for the design of monocoque bus weld fillets,based on a whole model of one monoloque bus body,finite element analysis of weld fillet joint model and experiment results were compared to verify the effectiveness of modelling method.Two joint structures with higher stress were selected as the research objects based on the strength analysis results of the beam element model.Using beam-shell hybrid method,super element model of weld fillet joints with different shapes and size parameters was established and embedded in the beam element model of bus body.By analyzing the strength of joint structure under these three typical conditions,bending with fully loaded,left front wheel dangling and right front wheel dangling,the influence law of size parameters and shape of weld fillet on the local strength of joints was analyzed.The results show that when the side of weld fillet is close to the filletsectional dimension of the rod,the maximum stress of joint structure decreases to a minimum value.The thickness of weld fillet with 2mm is suitable,and there is no obvious improvement with the increase of stress in joint structure.The arc weld fillet is stronger than the triangle welt fillet to strengthen the joint structure.


As one of the most prestigious directors in the Chinese-speaking world, Edward Yang uses film as a way to construct and convey his own thinking. Like all Chinese literati since the New Culture Movement, Yang repeatedly wanders between modernity and traditional Chinese philosophy, calmly analyzing the existential dilemmas of the urban middle class as a masterful deconstructionist and authoritative critic. Confucianism, as the most deeply rooted traditional thought in Chinese society, has profoundly shaped interpersonal communication and social values in Chinese society. The principles of benevolence, morality, sacrificing life for righteousness, reverence for propriety, and patriarchal thinking have long been the rules of Chinese society and are still the supreme beliefs of some Chinese people. In Edward Yang, one can find both his idealized intellectual Confucianism and his self-deprecation and criticism of Confucianism. This research will analyze three of Yang's representative films, A Brighter Summer Day, A Confucian Confusion, and A One and A Two, and explore Yang's Confucian identity as a film author in the context of his other works, and analyze his thoughts and confusion in the intertwined and contradictory nature of modernity and Confucianism. In these three films, Edward Yang's inner contradiction in his thinking of Confucianism in Chinese society is insightful and inspiring.


Sample−sample (SS) two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy has been applied to polarization-angle-dependent infrared (IR) spectra of a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal, FLC-3, and hybrid 2D correlation spectroscopy has been applied to its time-dependent and polarization-angle-dependent IR spectra to explore the switching dynamics of the FLC. A new multiparameter analysis method, parallel factor (PARAFAC), has also been used to analyze both the time-dependent and polarization-angle-dependent IR spectra. The synchronous and asynchronous SS hybrid 2D correlation spectra generated from the time-dependent spectra and the polarization-angle-dependent spectra of FLC-3 provide information about its dynamic behavior induced by the two independent perturbations, the polarization angle and delay time. Hybrid 2D correlation cannot be used for the prediction such as that of a change in the polarization angle with the delay time. In contrast, PARAFAC can predict effects of any level of the factors ...


Subtitle: Shaun Skilton, condition monitoring product sales manager for Parker Hannifin, explains how an effective lubrication strategy can help reduce operating costs.


There is wide development space in the field of circulation in China. Modern circulation is economic blood vessels in new century, and it is strong motive force to drive economy, which development can spur the virtuous cycle of the whole economy ; at the same time, it is a permanent cure and system guarantee of setting up the normal market economic order. to pursue the circulation modernization. The article propose circulation modernized countermeasure from the angles of strategy on the basis of analyzing the circulation industry's current situation.


The presence of unoccupied space of sufficient cross section lying outside the van der Waals surfaces of the atoms in a crystal structure may mean that atoms have been omitted from the structure. A simple graphical method has been devised to display these voids. When such voids occur because of the omission of atoms from a trial structure, the significance of peaks in the difference map in the region of the void is enhanced. This makes it possible to detect and, within limits, to place poorly resolved atoms.


Determining the content and order of instruction can be challenging when developing an integrated medical physiology curriculum. It is easy to fall into the trap to teach everything when selecting content required for the first two year curriculum. There is a real need to develop tools that allow for the critical integration of content and flow among faculty. One integration method is developing a set of "core principals" (top‐down guiding principles) for each course. The crucial step is for faculty to develop and agree upon the essential guiding principles that are the "core principals". While no top‐down central guiding theme can be considered most appropriate for all situations one benefit of pre‐identifying core principles is that it helps faculty self‐regulate with respect to what students are learning. Internally asking the question, "Why am I having the students learn this?" forces faculty members working on curricular development to see the forest through the trees. Using "core principal" themes provides the following: prioritizes content selection, defines flow of content, allows for planning in a spiral curriculum, promotes self‐correction when selecting content and most importantly, provides conceptual scaffolding for students. Specifically, themes guide student instruction in the classroom and answer the classic question "Why do I need to know this?". An example from renal physiology during the first year of medical school, would be the use of water, ionic and glucose homeostasis as core principles to guide the integration of content development for the renal system. This becomes useful during the second year when students are dealing with concepts related to the use of diuretics in clinical medicine. Using "core principals" provides tools for creating an effective integrated classroom environment. Lastly, the self‐directed student learner can also use the provided "core principles" to refine their mental models as they learn new material.


Marble is one of the most popular decorative elements. Marble quality varies depending on its vein patterns and color, which are the two most important factors affecting marble quality and class. The manual classification of marbles is likely to lead to various mistakes due to different optical illusions. However, computer vision minimizes these mistakes thanks to artificial intelligence and machine learning. The present study proposes the Convolutional Neural Network- (CNN-) with genetic algorithm- (GA) Wavelet Kernel- (WK-) Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) (CNN–GA-WK-ELM) approach. Using CNN architectures such as AlexNet, VGG-19, SqueezeNet, and ResNet-50, the proposed approach obtained 4 different feature vectors from 10 different marble images. Later, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to optimize adjustable parameters, i.e. k, 1, and m, and hidden layer neuron number in Wavelet Kernel (WK) – Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and to increase the performance of ELM. Finally, 4 different feature vector parameters were optimized and classified using the WK-ELM classifier. The proposed CNN–GA-WK-ELM yielded an accuracy rate of 98.20%, 96.40%, 96.20%, and 95.60% using AlexNet, SequeezeNet, VGG-19, and ResNet-50, respectively.


We present a class of solutions for a heat conducting fluid sphere, which radiates energy during collapse without the appearance of horizon at the boundary at any stage of the collapse. A simple model shows that there is no accumulation of energy due to collapse since it radiates out at the same rate as it is being generated.


428 In spite of domestic production of 6.5 lakh tons and import of over 6.5 lakh tons, the total availability of raw cashew nuts is not able to keep pace with the requirements of cashew industry in India. Hence, there is a need to increase the domestic raw cashew nut production. Since the availability of cashew cultivating land area is limited in India, it would be a better idea to increase the plant density per unit area to increase the productivity of this crop. This necessitates the need for reducing the tree size and vigour for accommodating more plants per unit area. Breeding approaches to develop dwarf types would take long time on account of perennial nature as well as complex genetic composition in cashew. Use of dwarfing rootstocks is one of the means of control of tree size/vigour. Rootstocks are extensively being used to control tree size in apples (Ebel et al., 1999), peaches (Salvatierra et al., 1998) and plum (Deuyatov, 1996). However, the work on tropical fruits trees is limited and there are reports on mango (Cedeno-Maldonado et al., 1995) and avocado (Ben-Ya-acov et al., 1993). For a crop like cashew, accommodating more number of plants per unit area would double the present annual production (13-14 lakh tons) to meet the demand for the processing industries in India. Hence, this study was taken up involving dwarf types, available from germplasm of Directorate of Cashew Research, as rootstocks to find out their influence in reducing the vigour of the popular cashew cultivars.


Dr. M. Gabriela Bidart-Bouzat, Advisor Previous studies have demonstrated that plants may be affected by their interactions with both biotic and abiotic environmental factors. An important biotic factor that usually affects the performance of plants is insect herbivory. In addition, abiotic factors such as light, or more specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, can also affect growth and physiological processes in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana is an annual herbaceous plant species with documented defense strategies including resistance and tolerance. Studies have also shown that these plant responses to insect herbivory may be modified by other abiotic factors such as UVB radiation. In a series of common garden experiments, the role of insect herbivory per se and in combination with UVB radiation was evaluated. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines of A. thaliana, the first experiment (described in Chapter 1) investigated the role of plant trichomes and size on patterns of plant use by an insect community. In this experiment, it was also evaluated whether insect herbivory imposes selection on trichome production and plant size. In a second experiment (described in Chapters 2 and 3), the effect of UVB radiation on plant resistance and tolerance to insect herbivory as well as on their potential fitness costs was assessed. This experiment also evaluated the role of UVB on patterns of plant utilization by insect herbivores and whether this important abiotic factor may influence plant phenotypic responses. Results from these experiments revealed that plant trichomes influenced levels of herbivore damage and plant size had an effect on colonization of plants by insect herbivores. In addition, results from selection analyses revealed that insect herbivores exerted directional selection on trichome density in A. thaliana. The second study showed that UVB radiation influenced the expression


Psi-k/COST Workshop on Multiscale Modeling of Extended Defects
and Phase Transformations at Material Interfaces: 20 leading
scientists from the whole world, 40 PhD students and young
scientists from Europe. Goal: to present a review of
contemporary multiscale modelling of materials to PhD students
and young scientists.


The study by Mall et al. is an important, clinically relevant investigation that highlights the natural history of rotator cuff disease and specifically looks at the progression of asymptomatic tears and the factors associated with this progression.

While rotator cuff disease is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions, little is known about its natural history1. The purposes of this study were to identify what happens when an asymptomatic tear becomes symptomatic and to determine what factors are associated with a tear becoming symptomatic. The authors studied a large prospective cohort of 195 patients with asymptomatic rotator cuff tears over a five-year period and found that 23% (forty-four) had pain develop after a relatively short time of approximately two years. The patients whose tears became symptomatic were compared with those who remained pain-free2. The authors found that larger tears were more likely to become symptomatic and that tear progression was associated with increased tear size (both for full-thickness and partial-thickness tears), decreased American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, decreased shoulder range of motion, and increased compensatory scapulothoracic motion. They did not find an association with shoulder external rotation strength or fatty infiltration on imaging studies. They concluded that pain development in shoulders with asymptomatic rotator cuff tears was associated …


At present,chimneys at cold and hot end of kiln are made of steel usually for its advantages such as low cost and ease to fix,simple calculation and easy to arrange in process flow etc..This paper gives recommendation of material selection of steel chimney in different region based on an analysis of the speed and mechanism of corrosion in various environmental circumstances:(1)common Q235 steel can be used in dry areas like desert,for steel is not prone to corrosion;(2)exhaust gas is of high corrosive besides high moisture content,weather resisting steel(Q235NH)may be used in most area;(3)high weather resisting steel may be used in hot and humid area for serious corrosion.


The g2p/GEp experiments used a solid NH3 polarized target, where the polarization of the target is sensitive to temperature and radiation. The beam current was limited to 5-100 nA during the experiment to avoid too much depolarization of target (The typical Hall A running condition for beam current is 1 uA to 100 uA). The measured charge was further used to get the accurate physics cross sections. New BCM (Beam Current Monitor) receivers and a DAQ system were used to measure the beam current at such a low current range. A tungsten calorimeter was used to calibrate the BCMs. This technical note summarizes the calibration procedure and the performance of the BCMs.


PURPOSE: A method for preparing composite powder containing a surface treatment layer is provided to remarkably improve an UV-protection effect. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing composite powder containing a surface treatment layer of a UV-protection agent comprises a step of dry-mixing 100 parts by weight of powder with a hydroxy group at the end with 0.5-50 parts by weight of bis-ethylhexyloxy phenyl methoxyphenyl triazone. The method for further comprises a step of secondarily treating the surface-treated powder with a surface treating agent of alkyl silane, amino silane, epoxy silane, silicon oil, stearic acid, or a mixture thereof. A cosmetic composition contains the composite powder containing the surface treatment layer.


Urgency of the research. The study of energy efficiency as part of the energy trilemma is the topical direction of research in the field of ensuring the country's energy security, environmental sustainability and free energy market promotion to stimulate economic development. Target setting. It is important for Ukraine to ensure higher energy efficiency within the energy trilemma settlement: providing consumers with reliable and affordable energy forms at competitive prices, generating and consuming energy in such a way as to protect the environment and interests of the generations to come. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Some aspects of energy efficiency are considered by V. Barannik, M. Voinarenko, G. Kaletnik, L. Kitsai, A. Sukhodolya and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Necessity of studying the current situation in Ukraine in the sphere of energy efficiency, as well as summarize intermediate results of reforming Ukraine's energy complex in the course of implementing EU - Ukraine Association Agreement in respect of energy and environment. Study of energy efficiency as part of the energy trilemma. Search for solutions of the energy trilemma through securing stable energy efficiency growth. The research objective. Study the energy efficiency as part of energy trilemma. Study of the analysis of the energy efficiency state in Ukraine in terms of energy security, stimulation of the economic development and formation of a free and fair energy market, provision of environmental sustainability and transition to clean energy. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with problems and prospects of increasing efficiency of energy use in Ukraine in terms of studying energy efficiency as part of energy trilemma. Conclusions. The problems are revealed and recommendations are provided on increasing energy efficiency in Ukraine on the basis of treating it as part of energy trilemma.


Significance Photosynthetic water oxidation provides oxygen and maintains aerobic life on earth. The Mn4CaO5 cluster is the catalytic site for this reaction in Photosystem II. During water oxidation, a redox-active tyrosine, YZ, is oxidized and reduced in a proton-coupled electron transfer reaction (PCET). We provide spectroscopic evidence that the essential calcium ion interacts with YZ in its radical and singlet states. In addition, multiple conformational states of the YZ radical/singlet are identified. Calcium is shown to select for a PCET reaction in a subset of these states. Conformational targeting could be a key to control of the PCET pathway and may occur in other enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase, which use tyrosine as a PCET cofactor. In Photosystem II (PSII), YZ (Tyr161D1) participates in radical transfer between the chlorophyll donor and the Mn4CaO5 cluster. Under flashing illumination, the metal cluster cycles among five Sn states, and oxygen is evolved from water. The essential YZ is transiently oxidized and reduced on each flash in a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. Calcium is required for function. Of reconstituted divalent ions, only strontium restores oxygen evolution. YZ is predicted to hydrogen bond to calcium-bound water and to His190D1 in PSII structures. Here, we report a vibrational spectroscopic study of YZ radical and singlet in the presence of the metal cluster. The S2 state is trapped by illumination at 190 K; flash illumination then generates the S2YZ radical. Using reaction-induced FTIR spectroscopy and divalent ion depletion/substitution, we identify calcium-sensitive tyrosyl radical and tyrosine singlet bands in the S2 state. In calcium-containing PSII, two CO stretching bands are detected at 1,503 and 1,478 cm−1. These bands are assigned to two different radical conformers in calcium-containing PSII. At pH 6.0, the 1,503-cm−1 band shifts to 1,507 cm−1 in strontium-containing PSII, and the band is reduced in intensity in calcium-depleted PSII. These effects are consistent with a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the calcium site and one conformer of radical YZ. Analysis of the amide I region indicates that calcium selects for a PCET reaction in a subset of the YZ conformers, which are trapped in the S2 state. These results support the interpretation that YZ undergoes a redox-coupled conformational change, which is calcium dependent.


In article the system of modeling of working process of the bulldozer on the basis of a catarpillar is considered. The block diagram of algorithm of system engineering of automation of modeling of working process of the bulldozer, mathematical model of working process of the bulldozer, realized in Simulink, appearance of a window of the interface of system of automation of modeling are presented


The research objective was to identify the reality of the coordination process between the Guidance Department and research centers in the Baghdad governorate, in terms of organization, planning, implementation, follow-up, and evaluation, and to recognize the problems of the coordination process, between the Guidance Department and research centers, (represented by problems of coordination policy, problems of organizing coordination, problems of the nature of the work mechanism coordination, training and capacity building problems, and funding problems), besides improving the effectiveness of the coordination process between the Guidance Department and research centers, (represented by simplifying the organization of coordination, harmony, and integration between coordination plans, programs, and policies, research partnership, and linkage, means of communication and information technology, training and capacity development, financial and technical support).


Many Total quality Management (TQM) implementations have failed to achieve the long-term, substantial gains promised by TQM proponents. Scholars and practitioners blame these failures on different causes which can be linked either directly or indirectly to insufficient support by information systems (IS) to TQM efforts. While IS is a key part of the infrastructure for TQM, its supporting role has not received much attention in the mostly prescriptive TQM literature. IS and TQM share a considerable degree of commonality in their end objectives and in their underlying philosophies and management systems. Their success hinges on the effective planning and implementation of each. This paper introduces a proposed framework to establish a link between the two. The two approaches appear to be entirely compatible and capable of being combined into a composite model of action for an organization seeking to maximize its competitive position.


With the development of fuel cell electrical vehicles, a class of step-up DC-DC converters with high efficiency, high power density and low input current ripple is needed. For this application, a high frequency 40kW DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. By using SiC MOSFETs, operating frequency of the converter is up to 100 kHz, thus reducing the volume and weight of inductors and capacitors. Besides, the power loss is reduced effectively by replacing the diode in boost circuit by a SiC MOSFET. Meanwhile, the interleaved 6 half-bridge power modules achieve much smaller input current ripple than that of single channel circuit. The parameter design and power losses distribution and optimization are analysis in this paper. Finally, a natural cooling prototype converter was built, the power density is about 62W/in3, and experiment results show that current ripples are less than 10%, and efficiency is about 98.4% at rated power.


Software Defined Network (SDN) is a kind of networking technology that dynamically establishes the network for improving network performance. The SDN architecture is composed of three layers which includes application layer, control layer, infrastructure layer. Each layer is subjected to several challenges in terms of improper controller placement, poor scalability, performance degradation, frequent load imbalance among nodes, weak network connectivity, and many more. In this paper a novel Forward Backward Inverse Reinforcement Learning (FBIRL)-based load balancing framework is defined for SDN domain. The load balancing policies are formulated immediately and the possibility of picking the best action at every step is very high. The performance of the proposed FBIRL is tested over Mininet virtual network. The results are found be promising towards the performance metrics like reduced respond time and blocking probability. Simultaneously increase in the success rate achieved in the client tasks completion.


The de Haas–van Alphen effect and the behaviour of a superlattice in a quantising magnetic field can be described in terms of an electronic topological transition. Near the transition, the thermodynamic stability condition is shown to break down, thus eliminating the 11/2-order transition and giving rise to a first-order phase transition. The latter leads to the formation of diamagnetic Condon domains.


This paper is based on an on-going postgraduate research study which is aimed at investigating the effect of different management styles of principals on teacher motivation in secondary schools. Effective management is one of the keys to any form of success in a system. Studies carried out in different nations including Israel, Nigeria, America, Uganda and Kenya emphasize the importance of good management in institutions. There are many issues in the society that question the role of school principals in relation to a teachers' performance in school. The Ministry of Education through Kenya Education Management Institute has established a programme of empowering managers through in-service training. Going by McGregor's X and Y theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different management styles of principals on teacher motivation in the western region of Kenya. The objectives of the study included establishing secondary school principals' management styles and how they relate to teachers' motivation. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlation designs. To identify the respondents, random and stratified sampling techniques were used. The area of study was the Western Region of Kenya including; Vihiga, Kakamega, Bungoma and Busia counties with a total of 134,214,112 and 92 secondary schools respectively. 34 Quality Assurance Standards Officers, 552 school principals and 7,728 teachers formed the target population. The sample size consisted of 368 respondents: 4 Quality Assurance and Standards Officers, 24 school principals and 340 teachers drawn from the accessible population of 8,314 using purposeful and proportionate random sampling at 95% level of confidence. The sample size was determined by sampling the N. The response rate was at 89.20%. Data was collected using questionnaires and an interview schedule. The data collected was collated and analyzed using frequencies, means, Pearson's correlation coefficient, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance. The analyzed data was presented using tables. Version 21 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences aided the data analysis. In most cases the management styles used were transactional in the area and this did not motivate teachers. Teachers' efforts to keep on learning new ways and methods of teaching was fair but they were poor at keeping records of work. The study recommended the use of democratic management style which is transformative for better results in teachers' motivation.


: Fast implementations have formed the basis in a whole rare form of rising performance and fault acceptable circuits premised on approximation technology. High performance comes at the expense of accuracy in many applications. Additionally, such methods minimise system architectural complexity, latency, and power consumption. When compared to existing designs, this study investigates and proposes the design and analysis of an approximation compressor with reduced size, latency, and power and equivalent accuracy. The stated approximation 4: 2 compressor now has relatively small footprint, lower power losses, and reduced latency in comparison with precise 4: 2 compressor. With the optimized compressors, 8 bit and 16 bitDadda multipliers can be designed efficiently. In comparison to current approximation multipliers, these multipliers offer equivalent accuracy.


Utilizing the atomistic tight-binding theory, the impact of the lateral and vertical potential confinement by the coated shell on the CdSe/CdTe core/crown and core/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) is attained. The spatial charge separation and encapsulated shell have a noteworthy impact on the electronic structures and optical properties because of the type-II band profile. The reduced band gaps with the growing laterally and vertically passivated shell thicknesses are due to the quantum confinement phenomena. The optical band gaps adjusted across the visible light are achieved by the shell thickness change. The excitonic binding energies of CdSe/CdTe core/shell NPLs are larger than those of CdSe/CdTe core/crown NPLs. Thanks to the spatial charge separation, a shortening of the oscillation strengths is concomitant with an increase of the radiative lifetimes. Overall, this scientific research underlines the importance of the theoretical understanding and practical control by lateral and vertical confinement of heterostructure NPLs.


Phenotypic differentiation of Abies alba was identified among selected provenances originating from the northern edge of this species' natural geographic range. We posited that although the seed sources of the study populations were not geographically distant, progenies would differ with respect to growth, needle pigment concentration, and values of photochemical parameters in response to contrasting light conditions. Potted seedlings of six provenances were grown for two seasons under low light (LL, 40% of full irradiance) or high light (HL, 100% of full irradiance). The results showed that the provenances differed in diameter at root collar (DRC) and in relative growth rates of height (RGR). Seedlings grown in full light had a greater mean value of DRC than those in LL. LL increased total needle chlorophyll (Chltot) and carotenoid concentrations compared with HL, and Chltot was modified by the provenance of the seedlings. The provenance "Syców", localized at the northern limit of the species range, showed the lowest value of maximal electron transfer rate (ETRmax) and lower values of growth parameters compared with the other study provenances. Relative growth rate, Chltot, and non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) were correlated with some climatic characteristics of seed stands and formed clusters indicating the local adaptation of the study populations. These results provide evidence of low intraspecific A. alba differentiation in terms of growth dynamics, photochemical capacity, and tolerance to different light regimes. The intraspecific diversity found in our study among the northern lead populations could be, however, important for the natural expansion of this species further north and for the selection of provenances to be used in the programme of the A. alba restoration in the Sudety Mountains, southern Poland, where decline of this species has been observed.


Abstract The corynebacteria are a heterogenous group of organisms commonly present on the skin; in the pharynx, urethra, and vagina; and in soil and water as saprophytes. Their active role as patho...


The reduced ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents of "retail market-fresh" (RMF) and "fresh-frozen" (FF) green beans and broccoli in a simulated handling system were determined. Changes in ascorbic acid content in the two vegetables during a retail market period and frozen storage followed different patterns. In green beans, ascorbic acid content decreased during refrigerated storage for up to 7 days, but in broccoli there was a significant increase. Blanching resulted in a loss of approximately 40% of the ascorbic acid in broccoli. Ascorbic acid content of FF green beans stored at-20C for 16 weeks was approximately twice that in RMF green beans, but in FF broccoli stored under the same conditions it was only about half that of RMF broccoli. β-carotene content of green beans and broccoli did not change during either the retail market simulation of frozen storage and did not differ from that of fresh.


The Inclusion of the People with Special Needs is being a discussion object the last years and raisin for different perspectives, especially in the classes of Physical education. The present work looked for to identify as the students' service with Physical Deficiency is being accomplished and to contemplate about the possibilities of including in the classes of Physical education, leaving of the beginning that the school needs to dispose objectively to assure the access and the students' permanence of all, because it only is not enough to the same to accept, if the teachers, the other professionals or even the school community if they don't prepare for her accomplishment. In the year of 2004, 219 students existed with Special Needs registered at 50 schools of the State Net of Teaching of Boa Vista - RR. The method, in the investigation field, is characterized as to the research - action, with sample composed by 11 teachers of Physical education, where they were applied written questionnaires, containing five (5) questions related to the inclusive school Physical education and the practice in the respective classes, interviews, observations and dialogue with the teachers on the approached theme. To present research it looked for to demonstrate that there is possibility to work the inclusive education in the physical education classes, leaving of the beginning that the students' inclusion with physical deficiency in the school and in all of the activities that she propitiates, it is a to "do educational" fair, however this inclusion should provide appropriate conditions so that, like this, the student can have more possibilities to develop their potentialities. The school should be willing to receive and, mainly, to develop this new system, because it only is not enough to the same to accept the professionals and the school community are not still prepared for her accomplishment.


Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, 1670–1834. MOIRA FERGUSON. New York & London: Routledge, 1992. xiii, 465pp. £12.99. ISBN O‐415–90476–5. The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and Radicals. MOIRA FERGUSON. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. ix, 214pp. £38.00. ISBN O‐8032–1984–9.


Under the new economic condition technical products show new characteristics in the course of research, development commercialization and application. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the price on the basis of the new connotation of the value in technical products and their application to provide the scientific and theoretical basis on the evaluation of technical products.


This action research study is aimed to look at the influence of teamwork
competency training to the effectiveness of project team at RA organization. The
effectiveness of project team is selected as the dependent variable of this study, because team effectiveness is the measurement of project team�s contribution to the effectiveness of the organization that established it. Teamwork competency training is selected as the treatment on this study, because the mastery of individual competencies in the concept of teamwork competencies is believed to have an impact on the team effectiveness. Team members who master the teamwork competency will contribute on the formation of team�s synergy. Team�s synergy moves the teamwork, and finally directs the team to its effectiveness.
This research is using the quasi-experiment design with a one group pretestposttest
design. Measuring instruments of this study are The Team Effectiveness Scale
and The Teamwork Competencies Mastery Scale. Team Effectiveness Scale is used to
measure the effectiveness of the project team that belongs to the trainees, where the
measurement results became the basis of this research�s hypothesis testing. Teamwork
Competencies Mastery Scale is used to measure the trainee�s mastery on teamwork
competency, where the measurement results became the basis of the manipulation check on the treatment that is given to the participants.
The research results show that there is (1) differentiation in the mean point of
experimental group�s pretest and posttest at 7.06, (2) an increase on team effectiveness
category, (3) a change in the result of team effectiveness measurement on almost each
trainee, (4) a fact that the 95% confidence level and the I± = 5% significance level


We are designing, fabricating and characterizing a Dove prism for interferometric use. In a previous work, we determined the prism tolerance to manufacturing errors. When the manufacturing tolerance of the angles is maintained within ± 0.35 arc sec, the maximum wave-front deviation is better than λ/10 at 633 nm. We evaluated the change in the image quality introduced by this performance deterioration. In this work, we study the optical (angular) and the error-induced misalignments, caused by a real Dove prism, using exact ray trace. A Dove prism is aligned when the interferometer optical axis and the prism axis are collinear. We determine the tolerance to misalignment of the Dove prism for its incorporation in a Rotationally-Shearing Interferometer (RSI). We show that it is possible to reduce the wave-front deviation caused by base-angle errors with a specific optical misalignment. The misalignment analysis of a Dove prism, with an index of refraction of 1.515, shows that to ensure a maximum OPD of λ/10 (at 633 nm) the tolerance to misalignment must be ± 0.33 arc sec.


In our title, "chaos" means there is a positive Lyapunov exponent that causes the tornado to move. We are asserting that a positive Lyapunov exponent is not always needed to have a butterfly effect. Lorenz's butterfly effect initially appeared in meteorology and has captured the imaginations of people for applications to all kinds of fields. We feel it is important to understand simpler non-meteorological models to understand the additional aspects of the butterfly effect. This paper presents simple linear map models that lack "chaos" but exhibit a butterfly effect: our simplest model does not have any positive Lyapunov exponents but still exhibits a butterfly effect, that is, temporary exponential growth from a tiny perturbation such as one infected mosquito setting off an epidemic outbreak. We focus on a 24-dimensional version of the map where a significant butterfly effect is observed even though the only Lyapunov exponent is 0. We introduce a linear "infected mosquito" model that shows how off-diagonal matrix entries can cause a finite-time growth rate. We argue that the degree of instability in our systems can be better measured by its finite-time growth rate. Our findings suggest that even in linear systems, off-diagonal matrix entries can significantly impact the system's behavior and be more important than the Lyapunov exponents in higher-dimensional systems. A focus on finite-time growth rates can yield valuable insights into the system's dynamics.


The present invention discloses a sliding mechanism and an electronic equipment. A lid member (4) is configured to slide in a first direction between a first opening position and a first closing position corresponding to an intermediate member (3). The lid member and the intermediate member are configured in a second direction vertical to the first direction between a second opening position and a second closing position corresponding to a bottom member (2). At least one direction of the first direction and the second direction is limited as a direction which can realize arcuate movement. A second operation part (20) is opened when the lid member moves to the first opening position. The second operation part is closed when the lid member moves to the first closing position. A first operation part is opened when the lid member and the intermediate member moves to the second opening position. The first operation part is closed when the lid member and the intermediate member moves to thesecond closing position. The present invention can improve the convenience of the sliding mechanism and the electronic equipment.


This report presents a system design for using bioremediation to treat contaminated soil at Fort MacArthur near Los Angeles, California. The soil was contaminated by petroleum products that leaked from two underground storage tanks. Laboratory studies indicated that, with the addition of water and nutrients, soil bacteria can reduce the petroleum content of the soils to levels that meet regulatory standards. The system design includes soil excavation, screening, and mixing; treatment in five soil-slurry/sequencing-batch reactors; and dewatering by a rapid-infiltration basin. System specifications and cost estimates are provided. 5 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.


In order to validate the use of Olibanum as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effect of water-soluble extract of Olibanum (EO) on the expression of pro-inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α. The extract inhibited dose-dependently VCAM-1 expression without its cytotoxic effect on HUVECs, as measured by a flow cytometer using fluorescence-enhanced anti-VCAM-1 antibody, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of VCAM-1, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that Olibanum may have therapeutic potential in the control of endothelial disorders caused by inflammation.


Cytodiagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be a daunting task, owing to the varied cytomorphological appearances possible, depending on whether the tumour is monophasic or biphasic in architecture. We report herewith a case of recurrent synovial sarcoma in a young male who presented with a swelling in the neck. The diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:521–524. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this study, Antarctic krill shell was used as raw materials to prepare chitosan and chitooligosaccharide, their quality were also identified. After demineralization and deproteinization of Antarctic krill shell, deacetylation reaction conditions (alkali concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time) were explored to prepare Antarctic krill chitosan with high degree of deacetylation, and the physicochemical properties of chitosan were identified. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (chitosanase dosage and hydrolysis time) were explored to prepare high purity chitooligosaccharide, and the structural characteristics were identified. Results showed that Antarctic krill chitosan was finally prepared by 60% of sodium hydroxide deacetylation at 110 ℃ for 4 h, the deacetylation degree was 85.74%, the viscosity average molecular weight was 305.65 kDa, moisture content was 4.66%, ash content was 0.98% and acid insoluble content was 0.40%. The physicochemical properties of Antarctic krill chitosan met the food grade quality. Chitooligosaccharide was prepared by 0.2% (m/V) of chitosanase hydrolysis for 16 h. The yield of chitooligosaccharides from Antarctic krill chitosan was 46.0%. IR and NMR spectra showed all the characteristic signals of chitooligosaccharide. The MS results showed that chitooligosaccharide was mainly composed of disaccharide (GlcN)2, trisaccharide (GlcN)2-GlcNAc and tetrasaccharide (GlcN)3-GlcNAc. In this study, the preparation of high quality chitosan and chitooligosaccharide provided technical support for the comprehensive utilization of Antarctic krill shells and the development of Antarctic krill new products.


Parameter uncertainty is extensively used to analyze the robustness and reliability of a structure. However this analysis requires the specification of the uncertainty, and for many parameters this is not an easy quantity to estimate. This paper uses a maximum likelihood approach combined with either a perturbation or Monte Carlo method for the forward propagation of uncertainty. The method is demonstrated on a cantilever beam with a moving mass.


A theoretical method for analysis of dispersion characteristics of SH-type SAWs propagating on periodic metallic grating structures was presented. Based on D.P,Chen and Haus theory, a variational principle and COM equation for the analysis of SH-type SAWs was used to investigate the dispersion characteristics of SH-type SAWs propagating on periodic metallic grating structures. It's merit is no need for complex Green's function and it's theoretical results are in agreement with that of Hashimoto's finite element method. Hashimoto's method is helpless for calculating the dispersion relation of short-circuited gratings of ST-90°X quartz etc, but the method developed in this paper can successfully calculate that.


ECG Challenge: A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension being treated with a β-blocker presents to his physician for a routine physical examination. His pulse is noted to be slower than usual; hence, an ECG is obtained.

There is a regular rhythm at a rate of 48 bpm. The QRS complex duration is normal (0.08 second), and there is a normal morphology, as well as an axis between 0° and 90° (positive QRS complex in leads I and aVF). The QT/QTc intervals are normal (440/390 milliseconds). P waves …


The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of providing access to a case library of related stories while undergraduates solved ill-structured problems. While solving complex food product development problems, the experimental group accessed experts' stories of similar, previously solved problems; the comparable group accessed fact sheets (expository representation of stories' content); and the control group accessed text selected at random from a textbook dealing with issues unrelated to the stories. On multiple-choice questions assessing processes related to problem solving (prediction, inferences, explanations, etc.), experimental students out-performed the comparable and control groups. Performance on short-answer questions also assessing problem-related skills was not significantly different, in part because of test fatigue. Analysis of interviews identified a number of factors that students used in deciding how to apply their study strategies, including causal factors, grounding phenomenon, grounding in context, and outcomes.


The adaptive immune system CRISPR/Cas consists of an array of clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindrome repeats (CRISPR) and a set of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins. Spacer sequences that are present between the repeats can be derived from the genomes of mobile genetic elements (e.g., viruses) and are utilized to protect host organisms against recurring attacks from these elements. The activity of the CRISPR/Cas system within the cell is divided into three phases: (1) the adaptation of new spacers, (2) the maturation of small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that contain a single spacer sequence and (3) the interference with foreign nucleic acids using crRNAs bound to a Cas protein interference complex. The diverse CRISPR/Cas systems are divided into three major types and at least 10 subtypes. In Clostridia, methanogens and halophiles, the subtype I-B is present, which is defined by the subtype-specific protein Cas8b. Methanococcus maripaludis C5 possesses a single subtype I-B CRISPR/Cas system with a minimal Cas protein set composed of the universal proteins Cas1, Cas2 and Cas4 (proposed to mediate spacer acquisition), as well as Cas3, Cas5, Cas7 and Cas8b, which are presumed to form the interference complex Cascade (Cas complex for antiviral defense). Cas6b completes the set of Cas proteins and was shown to process pre-crRNA in M. maripaludis. Cas6b belongs The prokaryotic antiviral defense systems cRIspR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas (cRIspRassociated) employs short crRNAs (cRIspR RNAs) to target invading viral nucleic acids. A short spacer sequence of these crRNAs can be derived from a viral genome and recognizes a reoccurring attack of a virus via base complementarity. We analyzed the effect of spacer sequences on the maturation of crRNAs of the subtype I-B Methanococcus maripaludis c5 cRIspR cluster. The responsible endonuclease, termed cas6b, bound non-hydrolyzable repeat RNA as a dimer and mature crRNA as a monomer. comparative analysis of cas6b processing of individual spacer-repeat-spacer RNA substrates and crRNA stability revealed the potential influence of spacer sequence and length on these parameters. correlation of these observations with the variable abundance of crRNAs visualized by deep-sequencing analyses is discussed. Finally, insertion of spacer and repeat sequences with archaeal poly-T termination signals is suggested to be prevented in archaeal cRIspR/cas systems. SF CRISPR Comparative analysis of Cas6b processing and CRISPR RNA stability


In the processing for studying on causes of Ka schin-Beck Disease and Keshan disease, we accumulated some materials and work e xperiences. Up to now, our studies are based on the clinic or sub-clinic diagno se, but following the progressing to explore the pathogeneses of these diseases, we need to expand the vision field for involving the molecule damage into the s tudy scope. It is true that we must be reference to international generalized ex periences in medicine for founding of some suitable markers usable in epidemiolo gic studies. We holds that the non-orientation damages introduced by mycotoxins , known or unknown, can be expressed by some bio-markers notable as the protein oxide, the lipid oxide, the DNA damage, the C-reactive protein and the micro q uantities of albumin in urine, and so on. Of course, some other things must be i ncluded in this protocol also, they are methods detecting the markers from bio- samples and analyzing the relationship between causes and results. It is the tec hnical route for our study project to explore the etiology of "mycotoxin and hu man diseases".


The New York Times,when covering certain specific circumstance,would select the appropriate mode of discourse, or combinate different discourses to embody it's professional Characteristics and the reports inclination.The paper, based on the four earthquake coverages of Haiti,China(Wenchuan,Yushu)and Japan in the New York Times,clarifies these experiences and provides reference for disaster coverages and international communications of Chinese media.


This paper focuses on the particular advantages which off-site housing construction has over the more traditional methods of building especially where the efficient use and conservation of energy is concerned. It will explain why modern innovative methods of house construction not only have a clear advantage environmentally (big reductions in CO2 emissions) but also deliver substantial benefits to the end user or householder especially in the form of lower energy bills. The ecological argument for off-site systems is a very powerful one but on its own is still unlikely to be the prime driver for widespread implementation. That growth is more likely to come through government regulations and a package of finely tuned incentives. Consumer pressure will come from practical self interest when the true benefits to the householder in terms of comfort, efficiency and reduced energy costs are clearly seen and understood. This involves an awareness creation process and I will be making a practical proposal in this regard. Key words; off-site-construction, heat conservation, housing policy, thermal transmittance.


Afghanistan has experienced a long and chronic political conflict. Three decades of war have profoundly affected the lives of at least two generations of Afghans. The devastating wars have caused the Afghan population to endure severe adversity, including chronic stress, displacement, the experience of traumatizing events, loss of family members and loved ones, violations of human rights, and poverty.


This paper takes a three phase Switched Reluctance linear motor as the research object, presents a nonlinear simulation of its drive system based on MATLAB platform. PI and Fuzzy control algorithms are used in the speed control system. The controller parameters adjustment process and the influence of different parameters and algorithms on the dynamic and static performance of the system are introduced.


The aim of the investigation is to develop a control method of a rotary blood pump (RBP) to solve the following problems: estimation of the pump flow rate, achievement and maintaining of the desired flow level through the continuous adjustment of pump speed and prevention of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Results. Functional chart of RBP control consists of several units: a unit for evaluation of instantaneous pump flow rate, unit for estimation of approximate and actual pump flow rate and identification of pumping states, and unit for speed adjustment forming a new speed value of the desired flow rate and current pumping state. The core of the functional chart is RBP unit presented by a mathematical model of RBP. Waveforms of pump flow and speed changes and indices for RBP state identification are given in the work. Hemodynamic curves (the flow rate through aortic valve and minimum volume of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle) are used to evaluate accuracy of pumping states identification. The possibility to adjust pump flow in various physiological conditions (variation of the heart rate and left ventricular contractility) is demonstrated. Control of the pumping states allows to avoid adverse conditions in the cardiovascular system, and to estimate physiological changes in its work such as aortic valve closure. Conclusion. The proposed control method of a RBP allows to achieve and maintain the desired pump flow rate under various physiological conditions. This method is supposed to be used in the development of control system for the left ventricular assist devices.


Using data on 91 respondents from a 2017 household survey, this studyexamines the civic participation of Haitian immigrants in the DominicanRepublic. We analysed self-reported attendance at voluntary associationmeetings (labour, community improvement, sports/recreation, religious, andparent-teacher). The purpose was to identify the extent to which respondentsengaged in civic life and to determine whether there were significant urbanrural/peri-urban differences in attendance, in order to shed light on if the locationof residence may or may not shape participant involvement. The resultsrevealed that participation was highest in parent-teacher meetings (78%) andlowest in labour meetings (18%). Across all five meeting types, there was ahigher percentage of attendance by rural/peri-urban than urban participants.The differences between urban and rural/peri-urban participant attendancewere significant for all of the association meeting types, except for parentteachermeetings. This research is important for appreciating the previouslyunder-examined issue of civic engagement of Haitian immigrants in theDominican Republic with special attention given to geographic variation.


This paper takes the small radius curved bridge of Bandaojing interchange which ramp A across the B ramp of Ji 'nan connecting line project of Beijing- Shanghai highway as the background. A spatial finite element model of the whole bridge is built up with beam element using the large scale finite element software called MIDAS / CIVIL2010. Based on the model,the static behaviors are analyzed under necessary combinations including dead load, live load, centrifugal force, system temperature variation,temperature gradient, prestress force load, and braking force. Finally,reasonable calculation method in the design process is recommended.


[Objective] The research aimed to separate and identify the chemical constituents of P. alopecuroides Craib. [Method] Constituents were isolated and purified by HPLC after column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data. [Result] Two steroids were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of the stems of P. alopecuroides Craib and their structures were identified as 6-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one(I) and 6-hydroxy-stigmast-4,22(E) -dien-3-one(II) . [Conclusion] Two compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.


In the bay of Aigues-Mortes, the managers of the co astal cities try to preserve the socio-economic and patrimonial stakes against the coastal hazards, such as contami nation, storm surge and erosion. In this context, a massive beach nourishment of sand (1 million of m 3 for 10km of coastline) was made at the beginning o f year 2008 to reduce erosion. The REPBAM project (REchargements et Panaches sedimentaires dans la Baie d'Aigues-Mortes) aims to qualify and quantify by in-situ measurements and numerical modelling: 1. the geomorphological evolution of this mo dified coast and 2. the impact of the sediment's resuspension on the coastal ecosystems, in particular the one of t he Posidonia oceanica seagrass. A numerical modelling "wave/current/sediment" is first implemented for December 2008. Nested and curvilinear grids allow a very high resolution for the beach area but also include the inner shelf where the seagrasses are located. Hydrodynamic and topo-bath ymetric measurements were acquired from January to May 2012. Model and measurements results show the same trends during storms: strong currents, seaward migration of the inner bar, sediment resuspension and turbid on the inner shelf.


The mechanism of nonlinear structural formation has been studied with a three-field reduced fluid model, which is extended to describe the resistive drift wave turbulence in magnetized cylindrical plasmas. In this model, ion-neutral collisions strongly stabilize the resistive drift wave, and the formed structure depends on the collision frequency. If the collision frequency is small, modulational coupling of unstable modes generates a zonal flow. On the other hand, if the collision frequency is large, a streamer, which is a localized vortex in the azimuthal direction, is formed. The structure is generated by nonlinear wave coupling and is sustained for a much longer duration than the drift wave oscillation period. This is a minimal model for analyzing the turbulent structural formation mechanism by mode coupling in cylindrical plasmas, and the competitive nature of structural formation is revealed. These turbulent structures affect particle transport.


Abstract:The Water Framework Directive requires all EU Member States to improve, sustainably manage and protect water quality in all surface waterbodies. To achieve this goal the ecological status of all our streams, rivers and lakes must be assessed against type-specific reference conditions. A number of distinctive or rare river types were not adequately represented in the development of the existing national river typology in 2005, and so it is not known whether they are sufficiently characterised by the current 12-type river typology or represent distinct types. 'Rare' in this context refers to systems with a naturally variable or unusual combination of environmental conditions (e.g. naturally low pH) rather than a limited distribution. The rare or distinctive river types highlighted were: (1) groundwater-dominated rivers; (2) highly calcareous rivers with calcium precipitation; (3) low conductivity, naturally acidic rivers; and (4) rivers strongly influenced by lakes (lake outlets). Whether or not these river types host distinct biological communities has yet to be established. While there is a large body of research on the macroinvertebrate communities, research on other biological quality elements such as diatoms is limited. This paper summarises the literature available on the biological characteristics of these rare or distinctive river types.


The focus of the present work was to develop a water capacity model for the quaternary slag system Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2. In the model, a silicate melt was considered to consist of two ion groupings, viz. cation grouping and oxygen ion. The water capacity of a melt is supposed to depend on the interactions between the cations in the presence of oxygen ions. These interactions were determined on the basis of the experimentally measured water solubility data. Only binary interactions were employed in the model. For the system CaO‐SiO2, disagreement in the literature data was found. Since the interaction between Ca2+ and Si4+ would play an important role, experiments were carried out to determine the water capacities of some CaO‐SiO2 slags. For this purpose a thermogravimetric method was employed. Iso‐lines of water capacities at constant MgO contents were predicted by the model and compared with the experimental data from literature. The model calculations agreed well with the experimental results.


Excellent summary heat resistance and adhesion, the metal composite film, and a manufacturing method thereof suitable for fine wiring can be formed flexible printed wiring board is disclosed. The metal composite film is one in which at least the thermoplastic polyimide layer was formed on one surface of the insulating film to form a metal layer by performing further electroless plating thermoplastic polyimide layer surface and then the electrolytic plating. The metal composite film, heat resistance, good adhesion, since the excellent adhesion after forming fine wiring, is suitably used as a high density flexible printed wiring board having a fine circuit.


A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 by using artificial root pruning to simulate mechanical root injury caused by agricultural machinery components and reveal its effects on maize growth and yield. Quasi-level orthogonal experimental design was employed to create orthogonal tables with four factors of interest, namely, pruning time (jointing stage, JS; big trumpet period, BTP), pruning method (unilateral pruning, UNP; bilateral pruning, BIP), pruning distance (5, 10, and 15 cm) and pruning depth (5, 10, and 15 cm). Results revealed that 1) maize growth was inhibited at the beginning of root pruning; 2) stem diameter (SD) and plant height (PHE) were smaller than those of the control check (CK) but exceeded the latter after 20 d of root pruning in JS; 3) SD and PHE were always smaller than those of the CK under root pruning in BTP; 4) T8 (BTP, BIP, 5 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth) can reach to a significant level (p < 0.01). The vertical distribution and total dry weight (TDW) of maize roots in soil were affected by different root pruning treatments. When pruning in JS, the root ratio in 0-10 cm soil was 11.6% in T2 (JS, UNP, a pruning distance of 10 cm and pruning depth of 10 cm). When pruning in BTP, the root ratio of 10-20 cm soil layer increased by 15%. However, the TDW of maize decreased, the largest of which occurred in T8 at 53%. With the exception of a 0.43% increase in T3 (JS, UNP, 15 cm of pruning distance and 15 cm of pruning depth), the maize yield of all other treatments decreased compared with that of CK, and the largest reduction was in T8 at up to 19.1%. This finding suggests that a small pruning distance and a large pruning depth greatly influence the growth and yield of maize before and during pruning in BTP. The influence of BIP is greater than that of UNP. These results provide evidence for the effects of mechanical root injury on maize growth and yield and serve as a reference for the selection of mechanical topdressing parameters.


In a recent review of the Open University (OU) course Changing Britain Changing World Hebbert (1987) opined that OU study units are too good to be overlooked as teaching materials for regular classroom use. This is a very important statement for OU materials are not widely used outside their specific institutional setting except for the videotapes which can be considered as one of the less important elements of the OU teaching package. Generally OU publications are given scant attention in the book review sections of the main academic journals; this is probably because their main function as teaching vehicles is not recognized as sufficiently worthy of review and because the OUs Marketing Department does not normally distribute review copies of complete multi-volume courses of journals. This review will follow the pattern set out by Hebbert in his review published in Geography last year. It will assume the reader is broadly familiar with the approach of the OU towards university education through multi-media distance learning (for informative statements on this see Riley 1976; Sarre 1977). After a background statement about the nature of the course under review each published element will be summarily evaluated in turn the objective being to provide for the non-OU reader or user be she/he teacher or student a brief idea of its contents and relevance. (authors)


A new hypothesis that pressure compartmentation in basins can be caused by capillary seals is presented and discussed. Capillary seals form when a non-wetting fluid phase is generated within or introduced into grain-size layered sediments that are finegrained enough that gravitational separation of the phases does not occur. Experiments show that such seals can be formed in the laboratory. These seals have many important implications: The changes in basin permeability that allow fluid overpressuring may occur when non-wetting phases are generated in the basin (CO2 or hydrocarbon). Basin seals can be dynamic; they can move through the sediment column. Porosity profiles reflect such movement. Hydrocarbons and water may follow the trajectory of seal rupture and move along the same migration routes. The flow of both water and hydrocarbons may be directed to areas where the top of overpressure is covered by the least sediments. We have not proven the capillary seal hypothesis, but diverse evidence supports it and it has important implications.


Intensive production of broiler chickens is efficient in Venezuela. However, in the finishing period, high heat-related mortality causes serious economic losses. The early-acclimatization technique, successfully tested in station, consists in exposing five-day-old chicks to a high temperature (35-38°C) for 24 h. Two experiments were carried out to confirm these results at the production level. In experiment 1, 35,200 Ross chicks were tested in two chicken houses. In chicken house A, they were acclimatized at 35 ± 2°C, and in chicken house NA, they were maintained at 31 ± 2°C. The 24-hour period excepted, farming conditions were kept the same. In experiment 2, out of 12,650 Ross chicks from a single house, 970 (A chicks) were marked on the right leg and acclimatized at 38 ± 1°C using two circles, and 970 (NA chicks or control) were marked on the left leg and kept inside two circles at 31 ± 1°C. At six days of age the circles were removed to let marked chicks mix with the others. In both experiments early acclimatization induced similar results to those obtained in station: a body temperature drop of about 0.20°C and a decrease in mortality in the finishing period. In experiment 2, the final live weight of A chickens increased by 94 g compared to that of NAs. The protocol of experiment 2 was found more adapted than that of experiment 1 in this type of field trial.


OBJECTIVE: To explore prognosis and its related factor in T4 esophageal carcinoma with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).METHODS:One hundred and seventy patients of esophageal carcinoma were treated with 3D-CRT or IMRT,among them,35 with later course 3D-CRT,88 with 3D-CRT and 47 cases with IMRT;Total dose of irradiation was 54-70 Gy.Prognostic factor was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software.RESULTS: After radiotherapy,CR in 52,PR in 105 and NR in 13 patients,the rate of total efficiency(CR+PR) was 92.4%(157/170).1-,3-years survival rates and median was 61.2%,25.2% and 15.4months respectively.1-,3-year survival rate(χ2=0.89,P=0.641) and free-recurrence survival rate(χ2=0.24,P=0.886) was not different among late course 3D-CRT,3D-CRT and IMRT.With univariate analysis,survival rate was significant different only in patients with metastatic lymph node between late course 3D-CRT and IMRT(χ2=4.91,P=0.027) and in middle and lower-thoracic esophageal cancer between late course 3D-CRT and 3D-CRT(χ2=4.25,P=0.039) or late course 3D-CRT and IMRT(χ2=4.35,P=0.033);Survival rate was undifferent in other factor among three group(P0.05).For all patients,multivariate analysis revealed that site of primary tumor,metastasis of lymph node and immediate response was independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS: For patients of T4 stage esophageal carcinoma,it has little advantage of survival between IMRT and 3D-CRT;The main prognostic factors for T4 esophageal cancer are location of primary tumor,metastasis of lymph node and immediate response.But its result need be furtherly proved by prospective clinical study.


Pulsed laser deposition has been used to fabricate thin-film capacitor structures in which the dielectric layer is composed of a superlattice of Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO 3 and Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3 . The properties of the capacitors were investigated as a function of superlattice periodicity. The dielectric constant was significantly enhanced, and temperature migration of the peak in dielectric constant as a function of frequency was observed, at stacking periodicities of a few unit cells. However, such 'relaxor-like' features were found to be associated with high dielectric loss. Analysis of the imaginary permittivity as a function of frequency showed that fine-scale superlattices conform to Maxwell-Wagner behaviour, indicating that the observed features may be an artefact of increased carrier mobility. Modelling showed that both dielectric enhancement and frequency relaxation could readily be reproduced by Maxwell-Wagner formalism.


The medical record The physical examination Evaluation of the preoperative patient Postoperative complications Fluid and electrolytes Burns Wound healing The critically ill patient Surgical nutrition Surgical infections Hemostasis in surgery Transplantation The head and neck nodule The thyroid gland The parathyroids The breast The chestwall, pleura, mediastinum and diaphragm Benign and malignant pulmonary neoplasms The esophagus Myasthenia gravis The appendix The spleen - surgical considerations The adrenal gland Multiple endocrine neoplasia Carcinoid tumors The kidney Stomach and duodenum Biliary tract and pancreas Portal hypertension - surgical shunts Small intestine Colon and rectum The aorta and its major branches Acute arterial occlusion Transluminal angioplasty The vascular laboratory Veins and venous diseases Entrapment neuropathies and the thoracic outlet syndrome Amputations - levels, after-care, prostheses The trauma patient.


Most of us, I believe, value similar qualities in the young people who apply to orthopaedic residency programs. Apart from tight adherence to important norms of our profession—things like honesty and integrity—we might seek someone who is dependable, someone who possesses a strong work ethic, and someone with enough confidence that he or she may someday have the chutzpah to cut into the flesh of another person. The problem is that when we hang traits around the necks of people of different genders, the same traits are not always similarly becoming [17]. Words like "assertive", "ambitious", "direct", and "confident" may look different to some evaluators when applied to young men than they do when applied to young women. Perhaps more importantly, we have a tendency to choose different words when describing men and women. He might be "driven", but she "hardworking"; he might be "a real leader", and she might be just a little "too strong-willed" (or worse, "bossy"). And even some traits that may sound good, like "helpful", "reliable", "delightful", have consistently been associated with gender stereotypes [14, 15] that decrease women's chances of workplace success. This month's Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research features a large symposium called Diversity and Disparities in Orthopaedic Surgery, in which authors explored a range of musculoskeletally relevant sex and gender differences. Covered topics include sports injuries [10], pain patterns [16], professional compensation [3], participation on the editorial boards of leading journals [13], and many others, including some that evaluate critical healthcare disparities unrelated to sex or gender [19]. But one paper in particular struck me as both important and surprising. The title of the paper ("Are There GenderbasedDifferences in Language in Letters of Recommendation to an Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program?") all-but predicted its own answer to be "yes", as might a close review of the numerous earlier studies in other specialties on the same topic [2, 4, 5, 11, 14]. But this thoughtful project [6] from a multidisciplinary group led by Casey Jo Humbyrd MD—her second appearance in the Editor's Spotlight section of CORR [9, 18]—delivered an unexpected answer: Other than some small and subtle differences, some of which favored women over men, letters of recommendation written for men and for women were fairly similar. Their work was based on a robust linguistic analysis of nearly 2300 letters for more than 700 applicants to the Johns Hopkins orthopaedic residency program during a recent application A note from the Editor-In-Chief: In "Editor's Spotlight," one of our editors provides brief commentary on a paper we believe is especially important and worthy of general interest. Following the explanation of our choice, we present "Take 5," in which the editor goes behind the discovery with a oneon-one interview with an author of the article featured in "Editor's Spotlight." We welcome reader feedback on all of our columns and articles; please send your comments to eic@ clinorthop.org. The author certifies that neither he, nor any members of his immediate family, has any commercial associations (such as consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. This comment refers to the article available at: DOI 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001053. S. S. Leopold MD (✉), Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


We develop infinite-dimensional Ramsey theory for Fra\"iss\'e limits of finitely constrained free amalgamation classes in finite binary languages. We show that our approach is optimal and in particular, recovers the exact big Ramsey degrees proved in [2] for these structures. A crucial step in the work develops the new notion of an {\bf A.3(2)}-ideal and shows that Todorcevic's Abstract Ramsey Theorem holds when Axiom {\bf A.3(2)} is replaced by the weaker assumption of an {\bf A.3(2)}-ideal.


Over the last 30 years,maize breeding technology had advanced in many areas.Molecular markers,doubled haploid and biotechnology had been widely applied.Many methodology breakthroughs had been made in maize inbred and hybrid breeding.Here we provided the concise reviews of several major maize breeding technologies,including molecular breeding,progeny selection methods,transgenic breeding technology,doubled haploid and so on.We also generated a list of prospects in corn breeding technologies for next 10-20 years.


PURPOSE: A method for controlling the power of a wireless access point in a wireless LAN system is provided to prevent unnecessary power consumption at a wireless access node, and reduce interference to a wireless environment of a home. CONSTITUTION: If a wireless terminal requests communication, power report request messages are generated to be sent to a plurality of wireless terminals(300,314). If a wireless access point receives power report signals from the plurality of wireless terminals, the wireless access point detects a power report signal requiring the maximum power, and decides transmission power by using the power report signal requiring the maximum power(302,304,306,316). The wireless access point executes communication with the accessed wireless terminals by using the decided transmission power(308,310,318,322).


Using a special version of the PCT-theorem which was found by Bisognano and Wichmann for finite-component Wightman fields, a proof of the spinstatistics theorem is given within the algebraic framework for quantum field theory. The proof covers massive bosons and fermions with ordinary as well as with parastatistics and, in contrast to earlier proofs, also works in 1+2 spacetime dimensions. Two uniqueness theorems concerning the Bisognano-Wichmann symmetries whose P1CT-part is used in the discussion of the spin-statistics theorem are presented for the algebraic setting. A derivation of the BisognanoWichmann result from standard assumptions of the algebraic setting is still lacking. The uniqueness theorems show that the operators which were found to implement the P1CT-symmetry and the Lorentz boosts in the Bisognano-Wichmann setting cannot implement any other symmetry on a local net of observables than precisely the one found by Bisognano and Wichmann. The analysis uses the notions of localization regions not only for algebras of observables, but also for single local observables. It is shown how these regions can be defined, and for the localization region of a single local observable it is investigated under what assumptions observables localized in spacelike separated region commute.


Faith and beliefs about living and dying are fundamental constituents of spiritual development. However, children are seldom asked to talk about their experiences of life and death. This article has a twofold purpose. It first describes children's expressions on living and dying, as heard during a newly developed programme which encourages children's participation as active subjects of their spiritual journey. This programme, the Grande Halte, began in 2004 within the changing context of Christian religious education in a secular Québec. Secondly, it proposed a theological reflection informed by the social sciences and the social context of the milieu, and based on children's expressions. It suggests that stories and symbols are needed in order to develop a coherent horizon of meaning in one's life. The relational dimension of the process is also highlighted.


Monday and concludes on November 18 th , 2014 upon certification of the general election. The Commissioners interviewed three external and two internal candidates for the position and asked each of them to outline their customer service, accounting, document management, real estate transaction, personnel management, and budgeting experience. "The person in this position really sets the example for providing customer service to hundreds of people every day. The Treasurer, Motor Vehicle, and Recording Departments see a lot of public traffic and we wanted to make sure they saw as little disruption as possible in the services they rely on," said Commission Chair Jean Curtiss. "Kim will hit the ground running and we're fortunate to be able to rely on her to maintain continuity of operations."


In this work, we are interested in the resolution of some inverse problems arising from a multi-scale modeling of the airflow in the lungs. As a first step, we focus on a simplified model of the airflow in the lungs: we consider the incompressible Stokes equations with Robin boundary conditions on a part of the boundary. We want to identify the Robin coefficient defined on this non accessible part of the boundary from measurements of the velocity and the pressure available on another part of the boundary. We first prove quantification results for the unique continuation property for the Stokes system, then we establish two logarithmic stability inequalities, one valid in dimension 2 and the other one valid in any dimension. Both are based on Carleman estimates, global in the first case and local in the second one. Our stability estimates are first established for the stationary problem and the semigroup theory allows to deduce from the stationary case stability estimates for the non-stationary problem. Moreover, under the a priori assumption that the Robin coefficient is piecewise constant, we provide a Lipschitz stability estimate for the stationary problem. We conclude by coming back to the initial model which involves non-standard boundary conditions with the flux. In particular, we obtain encouraging first numerical results concerning the identification of some parameters of the model.


Long-term and frequent hospitalized children are under high loads of emotional stress, which affects their well-being in addition to the illness they are suffering. This thesis proposes and will focus on an approach to use Multi-Display Environments (MDE) in pediatric hospitalization contexts to improve patients' emotional intelligence so they can deal with the negative emotions produced by their situation.


Virtually every subject area depicted in a learning object could conceivably involve a space-time element. Theoretically, every event may be mapped geospatially, and in time, these spatialized event maps may be overlaid with combined data (locations of particular natural and human-made objects, demographics, and other phenomena) to enable the identification and analysis of time-space patterns and interrelationships. They enable hypothesis formations, hunches, and the asking and answering of important research questions. The ability to integrate time-space insights into research work is enhanced by the wide availability of multiple new sources of free geospatial data: open data from governments and organizations (as part of Gov 2.0), locative information from social media platforms (as part of Web 2.0), and selfcreated geospatial datasets from multiple sources. The resulting maps and data visualizations, imbued with a time context and the potential sequencing of maps over time, enable fresh insights and increased understandings. In addition to the wide availability of validated geospatial data, Tableau Public is a free and open cloud-based tool that enables the mapping of various data sets for visualizations that are pushed out onto a public gallery for public consumption. The interactive dashboard enables users to explore the data and discover insights and patterns. Tableau Public is a tool that enables enhanced visualand interaction-based knowing, through interactive Web-friendly maps, panel charts, and data dashboards. With virtually zero computational or hosting costs (for the user), Tableau Public enables the integration of geospatial mapping and analysis stands to benefit research work, data exploration and discovery and analysis, and learning. Expressing Data, Space, and Time with Tableau PublicTM: Harnessing Open Data to Enhance Visual Learning through Interactive Maps and Dashboards


Background/Aims In a culture of do and tell, researchers can use massive amount of EHR data, find statistically significant results, and publish them, often without the need to interact with the people who generated those data through their daily work or their use of health care services. Such observational inquiry can be informative one hand, as identifying areas for improvement requires the identification of gaps in quality of care or other shortcomings in the system. Mindful inquiry, i.e., asking questions in the moment, the here-and-now, on the other hand, has the potential to become a change agent that can facilitate the creation of new knowledge and the dissemination and implementation of best practices. Methods Appreciative inquiry. Results Task oriented culture of research values doing more than relating, telling more than asking, thereby leaving room for improvement in our capacity and desire to form and keep relationships with our research subjects or the organization where we do research. The practice of fly-by-night researcher who swoops down, collects data, publishes papers that expose dark sides of the subjects' lived world has caused permanent harm to communities. Embedded researchers need to be mindful about the questions they raise, the methods they employ, and how they disseminate the results. Conclusions Embedded research is a series of complex, interdependent tasks which requires building positive, trusting relationships with research team and delivery system partners to facilitate good communication. We must be better at asking and do less at telling. Transform our mindset from the researcher knows a lot to the practitioners know a lot. We must be open to adaptive learning, be curious and courageous enough to ask questions to which we do not already know the answer. Good communication is key to building a trusting relationship which requires mindful inquiry, done with humility to build positive relationships with the delivery organization and guided by the wish to be of service to the greater good.


Traditional clinical voice evaluation focuses primarily on the severity of impairment without considering the impact of voice disorders on the individual's quality of life. This study investigated the perception of voice impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction in dysphoric individuals by using a 28-item self-assessing questionnaire The questionnaire was administered to 40 dysphoric subjects with various laryngeal pathologies and 40 control subjects with normal voices and matched in age with the dysphoric group. Voice samples were collected to assess the severity of dysphoria using acoustic and perceptual evaluations. Results reveal that: (1) dysphoric individuals had significantly greater participation restriction than the control group (p<0.001); (2) there was no significant correlation between clinician-judged severity of voice impairment and subject-self-perceived participation restriction (p>0.05); (3) a moderate-to-high correlation exists between the extent of activity limitation and participation restriction (r = 0.84, p<0.001). These highlight the importance of identifying and quantifying the impact of dysphoria on the individual's quality of life in the clinical management of voice disorders. Linear regression analysis used to investigate the predictability of age, gender, psychological assets and self-perceived impairment on extent of quality of life deterioration. Results show that both age and gender have low predictability (age: p = 0.68; gender: p = 0.40) whereas personal factor and self-perceived impairment have high predictability (personal factor: p = 0.0001 and self-perceived impairment: p = 0.036).


An asymmetric ESR spectrum of ZnO at the g value of 1.96 was found to split into g=1.957 and 1.963 components at −195°C provided that ZnO was pretreated with oxygen. Temperature dependence of these two signals as well as the effect of doping Al3+ or Li+ on their intensities were investigated to qualify these signals. It was suggested that the g=1.957 signal is correlated with conduction electrons while the g=1.963 signal is ascribable to electrons trapped at interstitial zinc ions. The ZnO sample also gave rise to another signal at g=2.013 at −195°C. The signal was attributed to holes in the bulk.


Some of the small communities in Saskatchewan are expected to have difficulty complying with the new maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 25 μg/L for arsenic. A test column was set up in the laboratory to study the removal of arsenic from the potable water using oxidation with KMnO 4 , followed by manganese greensand filtration. Tests were run using water from the tap having a background arsenic concentration of 4 followed by manganese greensand filtration.


[Objective] The aim was to improve the method of DNA extraction for high quality genomic DNA from loquat leaves.[Method] Three kinds of methods of extracting DNA were compared and the CTAB method of DNA extraction for high quality genomic DNA from loquat leaves was improved.Twenty-seven primers flank microsatellite sequences previously identified in Malus × domestica(Borkh.) were assayed in fifteen loquat cultivars and progenies of two hybridization crosses.The amplification fragment polymorphism in the different cultivars was analyzed to construct the phylogenic tree and the numbers of allele sites were estimated in the hybridization progenies.[Result] By the improved CTAB,high quality DNA needed for PCR was obtained.Thirty-three polymorphic bands were amplified with the twenty-seven primers.Unweighted Pair-group Method(UPGMA) analysis based on Nei's genetic distance showed that the 15 genotypes were clustered into six groups.Thirty-two polymorphic amplifications were obtained from progenies of the crosses in loquat and twenty-two of them were allelic.[Conclusion] The improved CTAB method could extract high quality DNA from loquat leaves quickly and SSR showed polymorphic in loquat genomes.


Extracted from text ... EDITORIAL
Forensic radiology
J L H?ll, MB ChB, FFRad (D)SA
Department of Radiology, Pretoria Academic
Hospital, and University of Pretoria
The radiological fraternity has played a significant role in the new South Africa, but taking our previous
history into account and living in an era of human rights and social change we must realise
that far more will be expected of us, including in the field of forensic radiology.
Forensic pathology was the first field of medicine to use the new Ray as described by Ro?ntgen
on 8 November 1895. Long before any pathological diagnosis had been made, or ..