Skim milk microfiltration (MF) is a well established dairy processing operation to remove whey proteins. This is classically completed using ceramic membranes under the uniform transmembrane pressure (UTMP) concept. However, there is a growing interest in the use of spiral wound polymeric membranes for this purpose due to their lower capital cost. In this work we show that polymeric and ceramic membranes provide comparable performance during skim milk MF when operated at comparable levels of transmembrane pressure (TMP), shear stress and temperature. Operation is strongly affected by both TMP and temperature but is less affected by crossflow velocity under the conditions utilised here. However, while polymeric membranes offer similar performance, it will be operationally difficult to retain the necessarily low TMP at the industrial scale, due to the lack of a comparable UTMP configuration.


Hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) is one of the most important derivatives of natural guar gum. In this paper, we describe the hydroxypropylation kinetics when these functional groups are added to guar splits, which are the form of guar gum typically modified in an industrial process. NMR spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of reacted propylene as a function of reaction time. A kinetic model was then established, enabling the derivation of a reaction rate law for the hydroxypropylation of guar. Finally, we investigated the rheological properties of aqueous-phase HPG and its cross-linked derivatives as a function of propylene content and cross-linker amount.


The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, PA Department of Environmental Protection nor any of their sub-agencies.


communication is an essential part of any formal organization in helping to accomplish the stated aims and objectives of that organization this study deals with the communication patterns of a particular formal organization che t church of jesus christ of latterday saints day it deals specifically with the dissemination of program information ormatio formati among the churc urch o members it was found that program information is dispersed according to a twostep o flow t process information comes from the media and other people to certain opinion leaders and goes from them to other members of the church the bishop is the most important opinion leader for members of his ward family and friends are also important activity level of the members plays a significant part in the flow of information it was found that inactive members of the church are uninformed about the programs and internal workings of the church it was found too that students participated to a less active degree than did townsneople p church members and were less informed about the programs of the church COMMITTEE APPROVAL 0 haroldsen committee chairman y an i nthe il or l


The electronic structure and optical properties of α-Al2O3 nanowires (NWs) have been investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL). The XANES were recorded in total electron yield (TEY) and total fluorescence yield (TFY) across the K- and L3,2-edges of aluminium and the K-edge of oxygen. The results indicate that the NWs are of a core/shell structure with a single-crystalline core and an amorphous shell. The XEOL spectra of the NWs show an intense peak at 404 nm, which comes from the F centre located in the amorphous shell of the NWs. The implication of these findings and the sensitivity of XEOL for defect detection are discussed.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of applying problem based learning (PBL) combined with traditional teaching in clinical internship in department of gastroenterology.Methods Totally 60 full-time medical undergraduates of clinical medicine in clinical internship in department of gastroenterology of the Second Hospital of Baoding were randomly divided into PBL group (n=30) and traditional group (n=30).Practical effect of the different modes was evaluated by questionnaire and examination resuits.Data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0.Enumeration data were compared between groups using x2 test and measurement data were manifested (x-) ± s with P < 0.05 signifying significant difference.Results PBL group was superior to traditional group in comprehensive analysis capabilities,motivation to learn and learning outcomes with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P values were 0.001,0.007 and 0.005).Concerning stimulating students' interest and satisfaction of the teaching mode,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).PBL group was superior to traditional group in the pre-class preparation,full and accurate expression of views in classroom and clinical logic,with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P values were 0.002,0.000 and 0.002).There was no difference in communicative abilities with patients between the two groups (P=0.118).PBL group had higher scores than traditional group in the quiz,case analysis and overall performance,with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P values were 0.005,0.045 and 0.013).Concerning score of glossary and multiple-choice questions,differences between two group were not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusions PBL combined with traditional teaching method is suitable for internship teaching in the department of gastroenterology for full-time undergraduates of clinical medicine.PBL can improve students' clinical comprehensive analysis capabilities and helps to develop the ability to take the initiative to solve practical problems.

Key words:
Problem-based learning; Medical education; Clinical internship


Abstract—Taiwanese composer Kuo Chih-Yuan (1921-2013) studied composition at Tokyo University of the Arts and was influenced by the musical nationalism prevailing in Japan at the time. Determined to create world-class contemporary works to represent Taiwan, he created music with elements of traditional Taiwanese music in ways that had not been done before. The aims of this study were to examine the traditional elements used in Kuo Chih-Yuan's Variations and Fugue on an Ancient Taiwanese Music (1972), and how an understanding of these elements might guide pianists to interpret a more proper performance of his work was also presented in this study.


The prognosis for shock is variable, from good to grave, depending on the underlying cause and clinical stage. However, even patients presenting with dramatic clinical signs may respond well to appropriate treatment. This chapter provides the reader with the tools to determine and administer appropriate treatment in cases of shock.


Abstract Proxy relationships between non-state challengers and their external state patrons in the Middle East are a factor that can weaken regional stability as non-state proxies become both a tool and a decisive factor in shaping inter-state competition between regional powers. As a result, non-state actors with regional influence must increasingly be factored into policy decisions in military, diplomatic and legal terms.


The invention relates to active impedance matching systems (AIMS) and methods for increasing the efficiency of a wave energy converter (WEC) having a shaft and a shell intended to be placed in a body of water and to move relative to each other in response to forces applied to the WEC by the body of water. The system includes apparatus for: (a) extracting energy from the WEC and producing output electric energy as a function of the movement of the shell (shaft) relative to the shaft (shell): and (b) for selectively imparting energy to one of the shell and shaft for causing an increase in the displacement and velocity (or acceleration) of one of the shell and shaft relative to the other, whereby the net amount of output electrical energy produced is increased. The apparatus for extracting energy and for selectively supplying energy may be implemented using a single device capable of being operated bi-directionally, in terms of both direction and force, or may be implemented by different devices.


OBJECTIVE
To review the diagnosis and treatment of colovaginal fistulas from various causes.

DATA SOURCES
Papers on colovaginal fistulas were identified using Ovid and PubMed. The search terms used were as follows: colovaginal fistulas, rectovaginal fistulas, diverticular disease and fistulas.

METHODS OF STUDY
Articles were selected based on their relevance to colovaginal fistulas and were then further subdivided into epidemiology, etiology, presentation, diagnosis and management.

RESULTS
English-language papers were selected based on their relevance to all aspects of colovaginal fistulas.

CONCLUSION
Optimizing nutrition is paramount prior to surgery. Medical management rarely corrects the problem. Diverticular colovaginal fistulas arise in patients who have previously undergone a hysterectomy. Radiation-related fistulas often involve the distal sigmoid colon and rectum, and recurrent cancer must be ruled out. Often symptoms are associated with radiation cystitis and terminal ileitis. When indicated, restoration of intestinal continuity is preferred. Malignant fistulas carry a poor prognosis, and when surgical removal is not practical, they are treated palliatively with fecal diversion or an endoluminal stent. Those arising from inflammatory bowel disease most frequently arise due to Crohn's disease, and extirpation of diseased bowel and associated abscess will successfully treat the condition. Fistulas arising from ulcerative colitis can be malignant. There remains a small role for colostomy as a nondefinitive procedure to alleviate symptoms. Colovaginal fistulas require a multidisciplinary approach and focused diagnostics, successful treatment can dramatically improve the patient's quality of life.


Parallel processing is currently a subject of widespread interest to computer scientists, but does it hold any benefit for the control engineer? In fact, the computing and control fields are very firmly interlinked and this paper attempts to explain where some of the potential benefits may lie. Present research on parallel architectures for control is reviewed, concentrating in particular on the Inmos transputer. Finally, some future trends in control systems implementation are identified.


force to halt or reverse nuclear proliferation is an option that has been much discussed and occasionally exercised. In the 1960s, for example, the United States considered destroying China's nuclear program at an early stage but ultimately decided against it.1 More recently, the key rationale for the invasion of Iraq in 2003 was the threat posed by Iraq's suspected inventory of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although signiacant evidence of WMD was not found in the Iraq case, the potential utility of military force for counterproliferation remains, particularly in the case of Iran. The possibility of military action against Iranian nuclear facilities has gained prominence in the public discourse, drawing comments from journalists, former military ofacers, and defense analysts.2 This makes the Iranian nuclear program a potential test case for military counterproliferation. Iran's nuclear ambitions have been the subject of serious debate within the international community for more than four years.3 Media reports have repeatedly discussed the possibility that the United States might attempt a preventive strike against Iran. The United States' ongoing involvement in Iraq, however, may limit U.S. willingness to do so. Israel, in contrast, has more to


A novel direct detection method for simultaneous distributed measurement of the temperature and strain along a single mode fiber based on the optical time-domain reflectometer technique is proposed. The Raman backscattering is sensitive to temperature but not to strain, thus the temperature distribution along the fiber can be determined. A twin-channel Fabry-Perot interferometer is designed; of which, the Brillouin channel is used to analyze the strain information within measurement range of 2000 με strain and 400 °C temperature. The frequency center, spectrum bandwidth and intensity changes of Brillouin backscattering are transformed into transmission changes after passing through the Fabry-Perot interferometer. With the look-up table of response functions of detected temperature, the strain profile along the fiber can be known. The Rayleigh channel is design to preset and measure the outgoing laser frequency relative to the Brillouin channel. By modulating the voltage added to the piezoelectric tube of the Fabry-Perot interferometer, the frequency offset of outgoing laser to the Brillouin channel can be preset; the temperature dynamic range can be extended.


Objective:To demonstrate the morphologic characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in female patients. Methods :Morphologic analyses of 111 patients (90 males and 21 females) with AAA underwent computed tomography angiography(CTA) or meganetic resonance angiography (MRA) were made. Parameters including ratio of AAA diameter to AAA length (D/L) , length of AAA proximal neck, tortuosity of the aneurysm neck and the incidence of intraluminal thrombus of female patients were compared to those of male patients. Results : Compared with males, AAA in females had higher D/L ratio[(0. 77 ± 0. 12) vs (0. 58 ± 0. 11),P0. 05], longer[(63 ± 18) vs (33 ± 20)mm,P0. 01] and more tortuous-proximal necks [(69 ± 15)° vs 135 ± 21)°, P0. 01]. And the incidence of intralurninal thrombus was much lower in female than in male patients(14. 3% vs 74. 4% , P0. 01). Conclusion : Higher D/L ratio, longer but more tortuous aneurysm neck and lower incidence of intralurninal thrombus are the morphological characteristics in female AAA, and these characteristics indicate there may be a different pathogenesis of female AAA.


We have studied the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and resistance switching at the interface between metal electrodes M (=Pt, Au, Ag, Al, Ti, and Mg) and atomically flat cleaved (001) surfaces of La1−xSr1+xMnO4 (x=0–1.0) single crystals by using a three-probe method. Hysteretic I-V characteristics, indicating the appearance of the resistance switching, were observed in the junctions for M=Mg, Al, and Ti, which have relatively shallow work functions. The resistance switching ratio depends on the hole doping x and the optimal doping level is around x=0.5, verifying that the resistance switching property can be controlled by the doping level.


Limited information still exists on the movements of bottlenose dolphins in
South Australian coastal waters. There is, however, a need to overcome this
paucity of information for an effective development and implementation of
conservation and management initiatives in these waters that are increasingly
threatened by anthropogenic activities. This study infers potential movements
of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) between Kangaroo Island that separate
and shelter South Australian coastal waters from the Southern Ocean swell,
and the South Australian mainland (The Fleurieu Peninsula and The Adelaide
Dolphin Sanctuary). Bottlenose dolphins were identified from three separate
photo-identification catalogues collated from around the South Australian
coastline. Of the 3518, 654 and 181 dolphins sighted in Kangaroo Island,
Fleurieu Peninsula and the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary, 233, 74 and 40 individuals
were recognizable, respectively. Resighting rates were similar in Kangaroo
Island (70.4%) and Fleurieu Peninsula (75.7%), but much lower in the
Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (35%). Ten individuals were resighted between
Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu Peninsula, whilst no matches were made
between these two locations and the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary catalogue.
This suggests a longitudinal connectivity between Kangaroo Island and South
Australian mainland waters, but a lack of latitudinal connectivity that may
result from the physical stratification processes that separate northern and
southern South Australian waters. Our results also demonstrate the highly
mobile nature of this species within South Australian waters as well as establish photo-identification as an effective non-invasive tool in which to monitor
long-term movement patterns).


The paper considers maternity capital as a tool for stabilizing the population, and concludes that it is an effective measure of state support, which is expressed in the payment of a sum of money to Russian families.


The purpose of this research is to seek the educational meaning and the development of future Taekwondo training, by analysis of the difference on the involvement, the sociality and the attitude of life of elementary school children according to various factors. To test this, taking the group of parents whose children are attending elementary schools, and training Taekwondo at the Taekwondo gyms located in the gyeonggi region as of 2007 as population, 400 parents were selected by means of random sampling method, and were asked to complete questionnaire. Having dropped the respondents who didn't return the questionnaire and who failed to complete the instrument, 299 participants were finally selected as the subject of this research, and their responses were analyzed accordingly. The reliability of the questionnaire used in this research estimated by Cronbach Alpha was α = 0.837, α = 0.871 in sociality and way of life respectively showing comparatively a higher reliability. Specific analytical techniques used in the research were frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, ScheffIJ post hoc test, and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results of this study are as follows: First, there were differences in the involvement period and frequency according to demographic characteristics of the elementary school children who train Taekwondo. But there were significant differences in the involvement period according to the school year grade than sex in viewpoint of the demographic characteristics. And the longer training period is needed in case they are the higher grade. Second, there were no differences in the sociality and the attitude of life according to the degree of participation of the elementary school children training Taekwondo. Third, there were no differences in the attitude of life for elementary school trainee. Children who have trained Taekwondo for a longer period of time revealed positive changes in the aspect of sociality.


To investigate the relationship between the epidemiological contact history and the levels of IgG antibodies of patients with SARS in order to evaluate the significance of contact history in the clinical diagnosis of this illness,302 probable cases with clinically diagnosed SAES were subjected to study by retrospective analysis of the contact history and the results of IgG testing.The serum samples were collected from the hospitalized patients and the discharged patients during the epidemic period of SARS in Beijing area.The patients were grouped according to their contact histories,and the sera were tested for anti-SARS-Cov IgG by ELISA test kid.It was found that the difference of the positive rates of serum antibodies between cases with and without contact histories was statistically significant.It suggests that epidemiological contact history play an important role in the clinical diagnosis of SARS.Clinical symptoms,epidemiologic data the laboratory testing for IgG should be used together to make a real diagnosis of SARS.


1. Until a rigourous correction for the laser sampling error has been implemented (interferogram resampling), I think it is essential that TCCON partners give a clear account of the derivation of any laser sampling error bias corrections applied to their data. Description of correction for laser sampling error in Section 3 is unclear (was 0.96 ppm added to or subtracted from the XCO2 data?) and the reference for correction methodology is insufficient. Estimated biases for the mobile FTS 'F' in Messerschmidt et al (2010) is 0.48 ppm (low). Assuming this pertains to the mobile instrument deployed to Bialystok, how does this relate to the bias estimate quoted here (and how exactly was the latter determined)? If lamp measurements were used to estimate the laser sampling error at Bialystok, how was the sign of the sampling error determined?


Objective: To study the basal expression of c-fos in the Prefrontal cortex(PFC),Hippocampus(HP) and Hypothalamus(HY) of Cricetulus barabensis under normal conditions.Methods: The expression of c-fos proteins in the HP,PFC and HY were detected by immunohistochemical method.Kunming mice were used as the control.The acute stress model mice with single-factor stressors(foot shock) were applied.Results: There was a wide expression of c-fos proteins in the PFC,HP and HY of Cricetulus barabensis under normal conditions.The number of c-fos positive neurons in CA1 and CA3 area of HP were a small amount,and that were more in dentate gyrus(DG) of HP,PFC and HY.Compared with normal mice,the number of c-fos positive neurons in the PFC were significantly increased in Cricetulus barabensis(P0.01).The number of c-fos positive neurons in the PFC,HP and HY were significantly increased in stress mice(P0.05,P0.01),compared with normal mice.And that the changes of the gray scale value of c-fos positive neurons in PFC,HP and HY were similar too.Conclusion: The expression of c-fos proteins in Cricetulus barabensis under normal conditions may be nearly related to the animal behaviour and endocrine,spatial cognitive function and modulating control of voluntary movement.


Economic flood control standard is the economically optimal flood control standard,which is determined by the comparative analysis of flood control benefits(or reduced flooding economic losses) and the flood control expenses of different flood control standard.The research situation of economic flood control standard and the general analysis steps are summarized in this paper,and the main problems that should pay attention to during the calculation and application of economic flood control standard are discussed as well through specific case analysis.According to relationship of the flood control standard,total loss and the marginal benefit costs in the case,the economic flood control standard is 70 years when the marginal benefit cost ratio is 1.


Abstract About 75% of 46 glaciers measured using repeat airborne altimetry in Alaska and northwestern Canada have been losing mass at an increasing rate from the mid-1990s to the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century, relative to an earlier period beginning in the 1950s–70s. The remaining glaciers have been either gaining mass during the more recent period or continuing to lose mass, but at a decreasing rate. Temperature and precipitation data at 67 climate stations were examined to explain these changes. Nearly all significant changes in winter (October–April) and summer (May–September) air temperatures were positive (2.0° ± 0.8° and 1.0° ± 0.4°C) between 1950 and 2002, and all seasonally averaged values of freezing level heights (FLH) increased during the same time period. A small increase in precipitation was observed, but these changes were significant at only 17% of the stations. Regional glacier changes, modeled using mass balance sensitivities and climate station temperature and pr...


ABSTRACT The positive-strand RNA genome of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is flanked by 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs). Translation of the viral RNA is directed by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5′-UTR, and subsequent viral RNA replication requires sequences in the 3′-UTR and in the 5′-UTR. Addressing previous conflicting reports on a possible function of the 3′-UTR for RNA translation in this study, we found that reporter construct design is an important parameter in experiments testing 3′-UTR function. A translation enhancer function of the HCV 3′-UTR was detected only after transfection of monocistronic reporter RNAs or complete RNA genomes having a 3′-UTR with a precise 3′ terminus. The 3′-UTR strongly stimulates HCV IRES-dependent translation in human hepatoma cell lines but only weakly in nonliver cell lines. The variable region, the poly(U · C) tract, and the most 3′ terminal stem-loop 1 of the highly conserved 3′ X region contribute significantly to translation enhancement, whereas stem-loops 2 and 3 of the 3′ X region are involved only to a minor extent. Thus, the signals for translation enhancement and for the initiation of RNA minus-strand synthesis in the HCV 3′-UTR partially overlap, supporting the idea that these sequences along with viral and possibly also cellular factors may be involved in an RNA 3′-5′ end interaction and a switch between translation and RNA replication.


Deep level deformation rule is the focus of engineers paying attention to for its many factors,for example,great mining height, complex geologic environment,et al.the found of zonal disintegration make people have further understanding to the rule of deep level tunnel deformation.The study of its mechanism has been done gradually.This paper analyse its evolution process in terms of creep.Based on that "rock failure is closed-related with strain to the limit value and crack's confluence and penetration.Using the improved xiyuan model to predict time that disintegration zone appear.This paper provides theoretical basis for making use of zonal disintegration rationally to guide safety production in mine.


The Idea Deals With The Surveillance Of Borders So As To Detect And Defend If any Attack Was Initiated . The Modern War Fields Are More Susceptible To Toxic Gases Than Destructive explosions .So, A Robot Is Employed To Detect The Presence Of Any Toxic Gases, Using Gas sensors And Smoke Sensors With A Camera To Monitor Without Being directly Affected By Such Gases So That Necessary Steps Can Be Taken To Face the Problem As Well As Preventive Measures For Future Is Planned. The Hybrid Vehicle Doesn't Have Any Need of Recharging As It Uses Solar energy And Wind Energy For Automatically Charging In The Field When Possible.


The project is based on Sun Yat-sen University, Xinhua College, using 3Ds Max as the main modeling software, and by the method of combination of the modeling of the campus static scene model, rendering and baking a mapping scenario model with a high degree of simulation. And then we use the Max-for-VRP plugin to import static model into VRP-Builder platform of scene and edit function. Finally, we use VRP-Builder platform to realize the interactive between users and various objects in virtual environment, and in the way of optimizing and collision test to the system scene, improve the authenticity and flexibility and interactivity of the system further, providing great convenience for the users to understand geographical environment and campus information of Sun Yat-sen university, Xinhua College.


We predicted to seasonal sediment transport pathway of the estuary area of the Nakdong river using the STA method. The eCSedtrend model was used to flexible application of the previous STA methods. The analysis of the seasonal interpretation of sediment transport pathway showed that the most dominant trend in the Nakdong estuary was CB+ and CB-. In case of CB+, it was identified around the area where the mud sediment was distributed and formed transport vector toward the north. Also, in case of CB-, it was identified mostly around the sand bar where the sand sediment was distributed and generally showed transport vector toward the north even though there was seasonal difference.


definition-grace is a quality of the soul-although this statement is not intended as a definition but only as a generic notion, as one author explicitly notes (Van Noort, De Gratia Christi, p. 145). He chides these authors for affirming a position with no attempt to explain how the statement is verified; yet in the application of his own views to the grace of Baptism and the Eucharist he attempts no solution of the problems advanced but merely indicates the need for further theological research. The uneven and sometimes difficult style provides another obstacle. The sentence structure can be quite involved: a ninety-eight word sentence can be difficult to follow. A provocative book in the questions that it raises and the insights that it provides; and in another sense, in the questions that it glosses over and the positions which it oversimplifies.


The notion of a legal entity is analyzed in the context of Belarusian civil legislation reforming. The amendments to the Civil Code announced for public discussion are being assessed. Certain proposals on improvement of national material and conflict legislation on legal entities aimed at inter alia harmonization of legislation within the Eurasian Economic Union are made.


representatives were part of the expert panel. Second, a list of quality indicators may help patients in being referred to centers which provide adequate standards of care and to monitor the quality of care received while they are followed up in that center. This may help in improving early diagnosis and treatment, which is one of the main challenges in IBD. 20 Third, regular audits based on the identified quality indicators may help to identify major gaps in the structure, processes, or outcomes of care, to set up strategies to improve those aspects which are below the standards, and to give positive inputs to centers in reaching or maintaining the quality standards overtime. For this aspect, collaboration among centers, networking, and the coordination of IBD societies appear to be crucial. Finally, official certification based on the clear indicators and independent auditing process can clearly warrantee patients about the quality of standards received. There are some limitations in this approach. First, the impact of applying quality standards in IBD patients care is still not supported by long ‐ term data on outcomes, and this represents a research gap. Second, a certification program may be useful only at certain levels, such as national or local, as difference in healthcare systems and national/regional policies can be a strong limitation in reaching the standards when applied to a wider context (such as in the ECCO community). Third, a certification process requires organization, time, and money which could be the main limitation for replicating the Spanish experience in other contexts. In conclusion, Barreiro De Acosta et al. 18 indicate that the use of standards of quality of care and a certification process may result in a general improvement of care for IBD patients. Whether this approach is the new frontier for the IBD, overall care in the next future and in other contexts needs to be investigated in further studies.


Background: Yttrium stabilized zirconia a ceramic material currently considered as an "aesthetic" alternative in fixed partial denture. Clinical studies they have shown micro fractures in the area of the connectors, detachment or "chipping" ceramic coating and also the difficulties in fitting for her cementing. Objective: To establish the influence of sandblasting on flexural strength and fracture toughness of two Yttrium stabilized zirconia with two cross- sectional areas. Material and methods: Two materials were tested VITA Inceram YZ and IPS e.max ZirCAD, for each material was obtained 20 bars of 25mm in length, 2x2mm±0.02 width and height and 20 bars of 3x3mm±0.03 width and height. The samples were sintered; ten samples of each group were subjected to surface treatment with sandblasting. Each specimen was loaded to fracture in a Universal Testing Machine with a transverse head speed of 1±0.5mm/min. The data were analysed with the t student test . Results: The zirconia e.max ZirCAD has the highest flexural strength (1232.78 MPa) and the load-bearing fracture (802.74N). Surface treatment VITA Inceram YZ had a higher flexural strength (906.85 MPa) and supported a major load 565,55N. The test t student indicated statistically significant differences in the group IPS e.max ZirCAD when it is sandblasting, so much in the resistance to the flexion, since in the maximum load up to the fracture in both areas. There were no statistically significant differences between two ceramics, it having considered both cross-section areas and surface treatment (with and without sandblasting). Conclusions: Sandblasting, the values flexural strength and fracture toughness of the two ceramics in the two areas of cross section significantly decreasing.


We have measured the absorptive and dispersive parts of the a.c. susceptibility for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x samples, obtained by the sol-gel method, as functions of magnetic field and temperature. The bulk samples with various grain diameters from 3 to 16 μm and pressurized under pressures from 5 to 800 MPa have been measured. A few characteristic fields H1-H5 in X(H) have been determined. We have argued that the field H1 is the lower critical field H c1J for the intergranular junctions system, whereas the fields H2 and H4 are the irreversibility fields for the inter- and intragranular junctions respectively. We have shown the importance of the difference H5-H2, which has been correlated with the pinning force of the intergranular junctions. The magnetic field positions of all these features are strongly dependent on the granularity and porosity of samples.


The article presents a procedural model for supporting spatial strategicness in Finland, reflecting on the institutional challenges of inter-municipal strategic collaboration especially in the city regions. The focus is on such spatial strategies that in their implementation rely on state incentives through agreement procedures. The procedure suggested in the model is based on the idea of a dialogical unfolding of spatial strategy development and agreement preparation with (city-)regional and transport system planning, tapping into the related ongoing legal reforms. The model is grounded on the theoretical concepts of relational space, strategic framing, strategic incrementalism, trading zone and boundary object.


Airlie beach houses are quite common in the coastal areas of Australia. These houses, similar to other buildings, provide comfort for their residents. House comfort is not limited to temperature or sound pollution, vibration can be considered as another equally important factor. In this article, the vibration of an Airlie beach house was investigated. The base steel structure was modeled in SolidWorks and Space Gass for evaluating stress distribution and nodal displacement, respectively. To find the root cause of the distressing vibration of the house, which was felt with dwellings, the axial acceleration of the house's structure was determined. Some feasible solutions such as adding a fiber-reinforced polymer joist hanger, inserting additional rubber padding to the joist hanger, and attaching additional bracing, were discussed and a cost analysis was considered for the solutions. Eventually, the nature of the best solution, which was adding rubber, was tested experimentally.


WITH THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE 3RD AMENDMENT TO THE KFG ACT, THERE APPEARS FOR THE FIRST TIME, IN THE PARLIAMENTARY BILL FOR THE 4TH AMENDMENT, AN OBLIGATION UPON DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS OF MOTOR-CYCLES TO WEAR CRASH HELMETS, NON-COMPLIANCE WITH WHICH IS LIKELY TO RESULT IN CIVIL ACTION. THE QUESTION IS NOW ASKED, WHY THIS CRASH HELMET OBLIGATION HAS NOT BEEN APPLIED TO ALL TWO-WHEELED POWERED VEHICLES. IN AUSTRIA ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1976, THERE WERE 82000 MOTOR CYCLES AMONGST 515000 MOTORISED TWO-WHEELERS. AMONGST MOPED DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS THERE WERE 249 FATALITIES AND 84 FATALITIES AMONGST MOTOR-CYCLE RIDERS. THE NUMBER OF THOSE SERIOUSLY INJURED WAS 4015 (MOPED) AND 692 (MOTOR-CYCLISTS). MOPED DRIVERS THEREFORE REPRESENT A FUNDAMENTALLY LARGER PART OF THE TOTAL THAN DO MOTOR-CYCLISTS. A FORECAST OF THE FUTURE COMPOSITION OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES, WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE NEW SMALL MOTOR-CYCLE CATEGORY, IS NOT POSSIBLE AT THE PRESENT TIME AND FOR THAT REASON A FORECAST OF THE NUMBER OF DRIVERS AFFECTED BY THE CRASH HELMET OBLIGATION IS ALSO IMPOSSIBLE. NEVERTHELESS THE FOLLOWING FACTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED: THE THEORY THAT THE DANGER FROM HEAD INJURIES IS LESS AT LOWER SPEEDS NO LONGER HOLDS GOOD. THE RISK OF FATAL CONSEQUENCES BEGINS WITH COLLISION SPEEDS OF 10 KM/HR. THE LESSER THE EFFECT OF POWER, THE GREATER IS THE CHANCE THAT THE HELMET WILL DEVELOP ITS FULL PROTECTIVE EFFECT. IN GENERAL THE INTRODUCTION OF THE LIMITED CRASH HELMET OBLIGATION IS SEEN AS AN IMPROVEMENT UPON THE PREVIOUS LEGAL POSITION, BUT NEVERTHELESS AN EXTENSION OF THE OBLIGATION TO ALL CATEGORIES OF TWO-WHEELED POWERED VEHICLES IS URGENTLY RECOMMENDED.


In this paper, a millimeter-wave transition from waveguide to microstrip is proposed. A rectangular patch element in the short-terminated waveguide is analyzed by the FEM software. The analysis points out that the rectangular patch has optimum sizes which can broad the pass-band of this structure. a prototype transition exhibits an insertion loss of 0.5 dB from 34Ghz to 36GHz, and a bandwidth of 7% for the waveguide port.


Objective To evaluate the effects of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) on the retinal structures and functions.Methods 80 eyes of 40 patients undergoing LASIK were enrolled in the study.Perimetry was performed by visual field analysis before and 1month,3month,6month after LASIK.Results Of the indices of perimetry,mean light sensitivity(MS) has a significant differences among preoperative and postoperative values(P0.05);mean defect(MD) has a significant differences among preoperative and postoperative values;it was not correlated with visual acuity pre-LASIK significantly(P0.05);Furthermore,rank correlation analysis were made among the mean difference of MS and MD between preoperative and postoperative values,the diopter,the artherectomy percentage,the laser cutting time,the vacuum aspiration time and so on,demonstrates not obvious correction(P0.05).Conclusion The degression of vision sensitivity after LASIK was mainly as a result of the phototropism factor influence,and the pathology foundation which the vitreous body,the retina and the optic nerve damage,yet LASIK could not lead to the conspicuous clinical changes of appearance and visual function,it had not obvious influence to the normal physiology function of retinal organization.


The concept and development history of bridge management system (BMS) are presented. The functions of the component modules of the BMS and its related research results are described in considerable details, and the tentative ideas for development of a new generation bridge management system are proposed.


There has been much discussion at PSIGE around the challenges of measuring outcomes and demonstrating the value of psychology services to commissioners. Intermediate care services in Salford have traditionally benefited from dedicated psychology and counselling input, which has always been positively received and valued by staff on the ground. However, the current climate in the NHS and a recent review of local intermediate care services placed the onus on psychology and counselling to 'prove their worth' more explicitly. This paper describes how a simple activity audit and case examples can demonstrate psychology services' performance and ability to meet standards around physical and mental health services, plus new ways of working for psychologists, as set out by national and local policy documents.


In this paper, we propose a novel network, self-attention generative adversarial network with blur and memory (BaMSGAN), for generating anime faces with improved clarity and faster convergence while retaining the capacity for continuous learning. Traditional self-attention generative adversarial networks (SAGANs) produce anime faces of higher quality compared to deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs); however, some edges remain blurry and distorted, and the generation speed is sluggish. Additionally, common issues hinder the model's ability to learn continuously. To address these challenges, we introduce a blurring preprocessing step on a portion of the training dataset, which is then fed to the discriminator as fake data to encourage the model to avoid blurry edges. Furthermore, we incorporate regulation into the optimizer to mitigate mode collapse. Additionally, memory data stored in the memory repository is presented to the model every epoch to alleviate catastrophic forgetting, thereby enhancing performance throughout the training process. Experimental results demonstrate that BaMSGAN outperforms prior work in anime face generation, significantly reducing distortion rates and accelerating shape convergence.


One approach for the design of decentralized PID controllers for two-input two-output systems is applied to the control of a multi-product ethanol-water,pilot-plant distillation column.A simple-structured and satisfying control system was obtained.By means of a convergent algorithm,the Desired Critical Point(DCP) could be identified through a series of relay experiments,and parameters for decentralized PID controllers are calculated according to the Tyreus-Luyben tuning rule.Satisfying performance of the control system is fully illustrated by simulation.


ABSTRACT In this article a scheme which preserves the dispersion relation for convective terms is proposed for solving the two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on nonstaggered grids. For the sake of computational efficiency, the splitting methods of Adams-Bashforth and Adams-Moulton are employed in the predictor and corrector steps, respectively, to render second-order temporal accuracy. For the sake of convective stability and dispersive accuracy, the linearized convective terms present in the predictor and corrector steps at different time steps are approximated by a dispersion relation-preserving (DRP) scheme. The DRP upwinding scheme developed within the 13-point stencil framework is rigorously studied by virtue of dispersion and Fourier stability analyses. To validate the proposed method, we investigate several problems that are amenable to exact solutions. Results with good rates of convergence are obtained for both scalar and Navier–Stokes problems.


In a prospective, double-blind, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial including 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Hassa-nein et al (1) compared postoperative analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and erector spinae block (ESPB) and showed that 2 blocks effectively improved postoperative pain control and reduced total fentanyl consumption in the first postoperative 24 hours. Furthermore, the ESPB provided a slightly longer duration of analgesia than the QLB. In addition to the limitations described by the authors in discussion,


Objective To investigate the inhibition of resveratrol on α-glucosidase.Methods The enzyme of rat small intestine was extracted in vitro,and the effect of resveratrol on glucose formation was determined by the method of glucose oxidase using maltose as a substrate,then absorbance was measured to calculate the rate of the inhibition in different concentrations of resveratrol on the α-glycoside.The blood glucose after 1h when resveratrol and maltose were given by stomach-lavaging in rats,was measured in vivo,compared with the control group,and futher validate the inhibition of resveratrol on the α-glucosidase.Results In vitro,with the increase of the concentration of resveratrol,the absorbance was receded,while the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase was increased.In vivo,the postprandial 1h blood glucose of resveratrol group was lower than that of the control group,but higher than that of the positive drug group.Conclusion Resveratrol had the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase both in vitro and in vivo.


Through the analysis of the composition,genius,representative characteristics and effect of network culture and its dominant and recessive relationship with cultural imperialism,we can analyze the role of network culture in cultural imperialism and consequently put forward correspond countermeasures to insure that our own network culture can keep the characteristics of our own nation,accord with the requirement of "Three Representations",and serve the construction of "Two Civilizations" better.


Background: The ankle joint injuries are common emergency and account for about 10% of all visits to emergency departments. This is usually due to a sprain related to sports, walking, fall, or road traffic accident. Ankle joint has a complex three-dimensional anatomy, so MRI is considered the modality of the choice in evaluating patients with ankle problems. MRI provides precise information about soft tissue, skeletal and extra-skeletal lesions.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of abnormalities and injuries associated with post traumatic ankle joint.
Patients and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to April 2021. Sixty patients with post-traumatic ankle joint complaints underwent MRI examination during this period. All patients performed MRI examination in the Radiology Department, Menoufia University Hospital after signing informed consent.
Results: Out of 60 patients, nine (16%) were diagnosed with ligamentous injuries, 29 (48.3%) were diagnosed with tendon injuries and 35 (58.3%) were diagnosed with bone injuries. Nine (15%) were fractures, one (1.7%) was bone necrosis and 34 (56.7%) were bone contusions. 55 (91.7%) had joint effusion and 11 (18.3%) had sinus tarsi syndrome.
Conclusion: MRI is the modality of choice in evaluating ankle injuries because of its high soft tissue contrast resolution and multi-planar capabilities. It is an ideal modality for global evaluation of the osseous and soft tissue structures of the ankle.


In the wireless environment, the two major stages in the communication between any two users are signaling and transmission. At the signaling stage, the users are not well known to the system, a fact that necessitates the deployment of a Random Access Protocol. The signaling protocol deployed by current wireless systems is ALOHA based and is similar to the currently deployed Ethernet Protocol.In this paper, we compare the performance of the Ethernet Protocol with that of the 2- Cell Limited Sensing Algorithm, when both deployed as the signaling protocol in the Wireless environment. In contrast to the Ethernet Protocol, the 2-Cell Algorithm is Stable. The superiority of the latter algorithm is clearly shown, in terms of induced delays as well as in terms of rejection rates in the presence of admission delay constraints.


A path in an edge colored graph is said to be a rainbow path if no two edges on the path have the same color. An edge colored graph is rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow path between every pair of vertices. The rainbow connectivity of a graph G, denoted by rc(G) is the smallest number of colors required to edge color the graph such that the graph is rainbow connected. In this note, we determine the exact values of rc(G ◦H) where G or H are complete graph Kn, path Pn, tree Tn, or wheel Wn with n is an integer. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C15, 05C40


This paper discussed the design of structures arrangement at Xiazhien hydropower station in feasibility study and construction design.As well,the position selection of powerhouse and optimization were presented.


The deposition of (La0.85Sr0.15)0.95MnO3-δ films on an yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate was studied by the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique. Films with various morphologies were obtained. The surface morphology was strongly influenced by the precursor solution flow rate and deposition temperature. Processes involved in the porous film formation were discussed. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the LSM hexagonal phase was formed and was nanostructured, consisting of crystallites of 60−75 nm on average, after thermal treatment ranging from 600 to 900 °C.


Pharmacokinetic K2 mapping from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI can be a sensitive technique for evaluating the vascular permeability of the subtly damaged blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in ischemic regions. However, the K2 values of ischemic lesions depend upon the selection of the intact BBB reference region. As previous observations suggest that the ΔR2* curve of pre‐loaded DSC‐MRI is not significantly affected by the extravasation of contrast agent, dual DSC‐MRI acquisitions can be performed to derive the BBB leakage index from the voxel‐wise reference input function for ischemic regions. This study aims to demonstrate the robustness of such model‐free leakage index estimation in ischemic brains. By configuring the relationship between dual ΔR2* curves of the intact contralateral brain, the deviation of the measured ΔR2* curve from the unloaded DSC‐MRI with respect to the non‐deviated ΔR2* curve in the pre‐loaded DSC‐MRI can be quantified as the BBB leakage index. Such model‐free leakage index values from rats with transient middle carotid artery occlusion (tMCAO) (n = 17) and normal controls (n = 3) were evaluated and compared with conventional K2 values with multiple reference regions. Inter‐subject leakage index values were also compared with the corresponding ΔT1 map. Evans‐blue‐stained images were used to validate the leakage index. For the tMCAO group, leakage index values correlated well with ΔT1 (Pearson's r = 0.828). The hyperintense area on the leakage index map matched well with the corresponding Evans‐blue‐stained area (Dice correlation = 0.626). The slopes of the scatter‐plot from the leakage index (0.97‐1.00) were observed to be more robust against changes in the reference region than those from conventional K2 values (0.94‐1.07). In a subtly damaged BBB tMCAO model, model‐free evaluation of vascular permeability using dual DSC‐MRIs would provide a consistent measure of inter‐subject vascular permeability.


Interconnections among chips on computer motherboards currently rely on wired structures, which limit the development of the scalability and computing ability of computers due to difficulties in design and maintenance. To overcome this, THz wireless communications are envisioned as a good solution, with abundant spectrum resources and submillimeter-length antennas. However, one major challenge lies in the channel characterization and modeling in the THz band on computer motherboards. For instance, the influence of the objects on computer motherboards, such as the ground plane, memory chips, etc., needs to be evaluated carefully. In this paper, measurement campaigns are conducted in 100-140 GHz band using a vector network analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounder. Several propagation cases, including the line-of-sight (LoS), none-LoS(NLoS), and reflecting NLoS (RNLoS) cases, are measured and studied. The channel characteristics, such as path loss, delay spread, as well as penetration and reflection losses, are calculated and analyzed. In particular, reflections of the ground plane and vertical memory chips induce multipath effects in the LoS case. Moreover, the vertical memory chip can serve as an effective reflector to improve the link quality in the NLoS case by nearly 30 dB improvement. The insights given in this work can offer guidance to system designs for THz wireless communications on computer motherboards and THz chip-to-chip communications.


Snowfall on the south Kanto is generally caused by synoptic-scale extratropical cyclones which pass along the southern coast of Honshu Island (so-called south-coast cyclones). However, the south Kanto on Jan. 23, 2012 experienced a heavy snowfall without such type of cyclones, under a synoptic-scale circumstance regarded as the winter pressure pattern (Hara, 2012). With regard to such winter pressure pattern snowfall on the south Kanto, Yamamoto (1984) reported a case in Feb. 8, 1984 and implied that it might have been associated with the lower layer convergence line caused by winter monsoon which bypasses the mountains of central Honshu. In this study, the heavy snowfall on Jan. 23, 2012 was analyzed using the data of JMA Meso-scale Analysis. According to the analysis, in the synoptic scale, JPCZ (Japan sea Polar air mass Convergence Zone) was formed in the western Japan sea, and another convergence zone in the Pacific side of Honshu Island. In the latter convergence zone, a meso-scale convergence line extending to the southeast from the vicinity of the Suruga Bay located on the southwest side of the Kanto was remarkable. Environmental profile near the convergence line was unstable due to the cold air in the upper layer and the warm moist air flowing into the line so that relatively deep convections easily occur. In the vicinity of Kanto, northeast wind in the lower layer toward the convergence line and southwest wind in the middle upper layer in front of the trough were blowing, which made notable vertical shear of horizontal wind. It is believed that convections which occurred along the convergence line were advected by southwest wind in the middle upper layer toward the south Kanto located downwind, and brought snowfall there. The vertical structure of the equivalent potential temperature in the vicinity of the Kanto were compared between the heavy snowfall on Jan. 23, 2012 and a typical case of the south-coast cyclones on Feb. 8, 2014. The equivalent potential temperature difference in the vertical direction was small (weak stratification) on Jan. 23, and large (strong stratification) on Feb. 8. Based on this result, 46 heavy snowfall events in Tokyo or Yokohama in the past 30 years were analyzed in respect to the vertical structure of the equivalent potential temperature in the vicinity of Kanto using the data of JRA-55, and as a result, 4 out of 46 (8.7%) were extracted as the cases whose stratification were as weak or weaker than that of Jan. 23, 2012, and 42 out of 46 (91.3%) as the cases of stronger stratification. 86 snowfall days (no distinction between heavy and light) in Tokyo in the past 10 years were analyzed using the same technique, and as a result, 29 out of 86 (33.7%) were extracted as the cases of the "weak" stratification, and 57 out of 86 (66.3%) as the cases of "strong" . In comparison with the contribution in the heavy snow cases, the contribution of "weak" stratification is relatively large in the snowfall days. Although only the information of precipitation and equivalent potential temperature were used in the classification, the features of the composites of the cases classified as "weak stratification" show the winter pressure pattern which resembles that of the case of heavy snowfall on Jan. 23, 2012, and those as "strong" show the south-coast cyclone pressure pattern which brings heavy snowfall on the south Kanto; it shows the validity of the classification. Through this analysis south-coast cyclones are confirmed to be the major factor in the south Kanto snowfall, while it is elucidated that the event on Jan. 23, 2012 was not the sole case of heavy snowfall under winter pressure pattern.


Current sharing and voltage restoration ability are important in DC Microgrid. To maintain the stability of DC Bus voltage and balance of output power each of DG in the network, this paper proposes the primary and secondary controller. The primary controller contains the dual-loop. The first loop is SMCC (Sliding Mode Current Controller) as current controller and the second loop is PIVC (Proportional Integral Voltage Controller) as voltage controller. To maintain the current sharing and DC Bus voltage, current and voltage observer with DGA (Decentralized Gossip Algorithm) are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has better output than the conventional droop control. The proposed controller can converge the current output of each DG. The use of the proposed controller is also able to improve the bus voltage drop caused by droop control method. Although the proposed controller can improve the current sharing and voltage restoration ability, the time delay in communication network can reduce the abilities.


The subject of the present paper is the dynamic instability (chatter) of machine tools. The chatter is a self-regenerative oscillatory phenomenon related to the tool-work piece interaction during the process; that leads to an incorrect surface finishing of work piece. In big machine tools passive damping components are often introduced in order to reduce the chatter. Those passive components have to be tuned to the natural frequency of chatter vibrations, measured experimentally or predicted theoretically. In this paper the reduction of chatter for a planar grinding machine is described. At first, a theoretical model for the prediction of the general chatter for planar milling will be described through two lumped parameters and a multi body numerical model. Moreover the correlation between the theoretical model and experimental measures in terms of receptance will be presented. Two different kinds of passive damper systems will be theoretically introduced. In the end, the experimental results for chatter reduction obtained with the passive dampers introduction will be shown.© 2011 ASME


An internal detoxification mechanism for AI was investigated in an AI-accumulating plant, hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), focusing on AI forms present in the cells. lhe leaves of hydrangea contained as much as 15.7 mmol AI kg-' fresh weight, and more than two-thirds of the AI was found in the cell sap. Using "AI-nuclear magnetic resonance, the dominant peak of AI was observed at a chemical shift of 11 to 12 parts per million in both intact leaves and the extracted cell sap, which is in good accordance with the chemical shift for the 1 :1 AI-citrate complex. Purification of cell sap by molecular sieve chromatography (Sephadex C-1 O) combined with ion-exclusion chromatography indicated that AI in fractions with the same retention time as citric acid contributed to the observed "AI peak,in the intact leaves. lhe molar ratio of AI to citric acid in the crude and purified cell sap approximated 1. The structure of the ligand chelated with AI was identified to be citric acid. Bioassay experiments showed that the purified AI complex from the cell sap did not inhibit root elongation of corn (Zea mays and the viability of cells on the root tip surface was also not affected. lhese observations indicate that AI is bound to citric acid in the cells of hydrangea leaves.


A preliminary phytochemical screening and hypoglycemic activities of the ethanolic extracts of phyllanthus niruri, fruits of Solanum melogena var esculentus, leaves and fruits of Solanum Xanthocarpum were investigated. All plant extracts were found to contain alkaloids and tannins, while saponin was found in all plants except Phyllanthus niruri. Coumarin was detected only in Solanum xanthocarpum (leaves), while anthrancenosides was detected in Phyllanthus niruri Solanum xanthocarpum (fruit) only. Hypoglycemic activity of all plants extracts were determined by postprandial glucose test after administration of extracts at 10mg/100g body weight to adult albino rats. Postprandial plasma glucose level was measured at 30 minutes intervals for 2 hours. The result of this study showed that all extracts had hypoglycemic activity with Solanum melongena var esculentus having the highest activity. Thus, the plants may be effective in the management of hyperglycemia may be attributed to the phytochemicals present in them plants..


This paper focuses on public concerns about real estate value loss in communities in the vicinity of wind turbines. There are some conflicting results in recent academic and non-academic literatures on the issue of property values in general—yet little has been studied about how residents near turbines view the value of their own properties. Using both face-to-face interviews ( n = 26) and community survey results ( n = 152) from two adjacent communities, this exploratory mixed-method study contextualizes perceived property value loss. Interview results suggest a potential connection between perceived property value loss and actual property value loss, whereby assumed property degradation from turbines seem to lower both asking and selling prices. This idea is reinforced by regression results which suggest that felt property value loss is predicted by health concerns, visual annoyances and community-based variables. Overall, the findings point to the need for greater attention to micro-level local, and interconnected impacts of wind energy development.


SUMMARY The hatching activity of diffusates collected from Solanum tuberosum, S. vernei and S. tuberosum x S. vernei hybrids was studied. Diffusates were collected at weekly intervals and assessed by adding them in sequence to batches of cysts of Globodera pallida (Pa2) and individually in dilution series. S. vernei produced the least active diffusate though it stimulated a substantial hatch. The S. vernei hybrids hatched fewer eggs than the S. tuberosurn cv. Pentland Crown. The use of in vitro techniques for assessing the hatching activity of clones is discussed.


In the June 2020 issue of The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, in the article by Kim et al., "Evaluation and management of blunt cerebrovascular injury: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma", a few sentences were accidentally removed in the first and second paragraphs. The end of the first paragraph and beginning of the second paragraph should read as follows: The development of screening criteria (Table 1) and an injury grading scale (Table 2) has been central to our ability to detect, accurately T2 describe, prognosticate, and treat BCVIs. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with BCVIs. One of the most feared complications is a stroke, which may occur in up to 20% of patients, most commonly in the early (<72 hours) postinjury period. This has been corrected in the online files. The publisher apologizes for these errors.


Seasonal effects of mating, kindling and weaning were assessed on some reproductive parameters of rabbits in Bauchi, Nigeria. Significant (P<0.01) season of mating effect was observed on parturition interval (PI), indicating early dry (ED) season having the longest (52.38±2.16 days) interval followed by late dry (LD) season (44.20±7.34 days) while late rainy (LR) season had shortest (42.00±0.85days). Season of kindling also had significant (P<0.05) variation on partial milk yield of day fourteen (PMY-14D) and litter weight of day twenty eight (LW-28D). Late rainy season had highest values on PMY-14D (63.69±0.92g) and LW-28D (612.30±26.70g) followed by early rainy (ER) season (62.91±1.31g and 552.50±40.70g for PMY-14D and LW-28D respectively) while early dry season had the least (47.88±4.84g and 200.3±28.90g respectively for PMY-14D and LW-28D). Significant season of weaning effect was observed on number of kits weaned (NW) and PMY-28D. Late rainy season had the highest (2.94±0.15) number of kids weaned followed by ER (2.55±0.22) while LD season had the least (1.38±0.25). The corresponding PMY-28D was 50.15±0.77g, 50.52±0.91g and 31.81±4.05g respectively. Generally, LR season is likely to favor mating, kindling and weaning parameters of rabbits followed by ER season.


We present a new proof system for equality of terms which present elements of the final coalgebra of a finitary set functor. This is most important when the functor is finitary, and we improve on logical systems which have already been proposed in several papers. Our contributions here are (1) a new logical rule which makes for proofs which are somewhat easier to find, and (2) a soundness/completeness theorem which works for all finitary functors, in particular removing a weak pullback preservation requirement that had been used previously. Our work is based on properties of precongruence relations and also on a new parametrized coinduction principle. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.4.1 Mathematical Logic


ROOT is a large code base with a complex set of build-time dependencies; there is a significant difference in compilation time between the "core" of ROOT and the full-fledged deployment. We present results on a "delayed build" for internal ROOT packages and external packages. This gives the ability to offer a "lightweight" core of ROOT, later extended by building additional modules to extend the functionality of ROOT. As a part of this work, we have improved the separation of ROOT code into distinct modules and packages with minimal dependencies. This approach gives users better flexibility and the possibility to combine various build features without rebuilding from scratch. Dependency hell is a common problem found in software and particularly in HEP software ecosystem. We would like to discuss an improvement of artifact management ("lazy-install") system as a solution to the "dependency hell" problem. HEP software stack usually consists of multiple sub-projects with dependencies. The development model is often distributed, independent and non-coherent among the sub-projects. We believe that software should be designed to take advantage of other software components that are already available, or have already been designed and implemented for use elsewhere rather than "reinventing the wheel". The main idea is to build the ROOT project and all of its dependencies recursively and incrementally, making it fundamentally different than just adding one external project and rebuilding from scratch. In addition, this allows to keep a list of dependencies to be able to resolve possible incompatibility of transitive dependencies caused by the versions conict. In our contribution, we will present our approach to artifact management system of ROOT together with a set of examples and use cases.


This chapter introduces the beta-binomial conjugate. There are special cases where a Bayesian prior probability distribution for an unknown parameter of interest can be quickly updated to a posterior distribution of the same form as the prior. In the "White House Problem," a beta distribution is used to set the priors for all hypotheses of p, the probability that a famous person can get into the White House without an invitation. Binomial data are then collected, and provide the number of times a famous person gained entry out of a fixed number of attempts. The prior distribution is updated to a posterior distribution (also a beta distribution) in light of this new information. In short, a beta prior distribution for the unknown parameter + binomial data → beta posterior distribution for the unknown parameter, p. The beta distribution is said to be "conjugate to" the binomial distribution.


A novel method was performed for the determination of Mn(II) using potassium tetratitanate whiske as extractant. The adsorption behaviors of potassium tetratitanate whiske for Mn(II) was investigated by FAAS. The adsorption rate of Mn(II) was above 94% at pH 6.0 and Mn(II) could be eluted from potassium tetratitanate whiske utilizing 0.1 mol·mL-1 EDTA as eluant. The detection limit was 40 ng·mL-1, and relative standard deviation was 1.1% (n=5, CMn=2.0μg·mL-1). This method has been applied for the determination of Mn(II) in environment samples.


For a number of rivers in Newfoundland, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is managed in relation to river-specific conservation spawning requirements. One such river is the Gander River, where between 1989 and 1999, the escapement of Atlantic salmon, a major factor in assessing the status of stock, was determined using a fish counting fence. In 2000, the counting fence was discontinued and alternative means of calculating total returns were explored. Regression and simulation methods, using relationships between total returns and salmon counts at an upstream tributary during 1989–99, formed the basis for estimates of returns for 2000, and the uncertainty around estimates. The accuracy of methods is evaluated by retrospective comparisons with actual total returns between 1989 and 1999. Estimates of total returns deviated from the actual by as much as 50–60%, depending on the method. Management implications of the approach are discussed.


An exonuclease which specifically degrades double-standard DNA has been isolated from rabbit tissues. The enzyme has an approximate molecular weight of 42,000, requires a divalent metal ion as cofactor, and attacks DNA at the 5'-terminal ends, thereby liberating 5'-mononucleotides. It degrades several synthetic polydeoxynucleotides of single repeating base sequences more rapidly than DNA from natural sources. The specificity of this mammalian enzyme resembles that of several microbial enzymes (phage lambda exonuclease and DNA polymerase) which appear to be required for repair and recombination of DNA.


THIS PAPER DESCRIBES SEVERAL PERTINENT DESIGN FACTORS FOR LASER LINE-OF-SIGHT COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS UTILIZING GAAS LASER DIODES OPERATING AT ROOM TEMPERATURE IN A PULSED MODE. ANALYSIS, EXPERIMENTATION, AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEVERAL SUCH SYSTEMS HAVE REVEALED THAT (1) RELIABLE VOICE COMMUNICATION CAN BE ACHIEVED EFFECTIVELY OVER RANGES OF AT LEAST FIVE MILES WITH A ONE-WATT PULSED INJECTION LASER, (2) IF BACKGROUND RADIATION IS HIGH (E.G., DAYLIGHT OPERATION), THERE IS A RECEIVER FIELD OF VIEW BEYOND WHICH A PHOTODIODE RECEIVER MINIMIZES REQUIRED TRANSMITTER POWER, AND (3) FOR A PHOTODIODE RECEIVER THAT IS OPTIMIZED FOR DETECTING THE PULSED RADIATION FROM A ROOM-TEMPERATURE-OPERATED GAAS INJECTION LASER, USE OF AN OPTICAL FILTER TO SUPPRESS BACKGROUND RADIATION WILL NOT (IN MOST CASES OF PRACTICAL INTEREST) IMPROVE OVERALL PERFORMANCE. /AUTHOR/


In this paper, we present two step direct method of Adams Moulton type (2PDAM4 and 2PDAM5) for solving nonlinear two point boundary value problems (BVPs) directly. The two step direct method will be utilised to obtain a series solution of the initial value problems at two steps simultaneously. These methods will solve the nonlinear second order BVPs by shooting technique using constant step size. Three step iterative method is considered as a procedure for solving the nonlinear equations and the convergence of the shooting technique. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the direct method by the shooting technique with root finding via three-step iterative method for solving boundary value problems. The results clearly show that the two step direct method is able to produce good results compared to the existing method.


In a technologically advanced society, the average person manages dozens of accounts for e-mail, social networks, e-banking, and other electronic services. As the number of these accounts increases, the need for automatic user identification becomes more essential. Biometrics have long been used to identify people and are the most common (if not the only) method to achieve this task.Over the past few years, smartphones have become frequently used gadgets. These devices have built-in microphones and are commonly used by a single user or a small set of users, such as a couple or a family. This thesis uses a smartphone's microphone to capture user's speech and identify him/her. Existing speaker recognition systems typically prompt the user to provide long voice samples in order to provide accurate results. This results in a poor user experience and discourages users who do not have the patience to go through such a process. The main idea behind the speaker recognition approach presented in this thesis is to provide a seamless user experience where the recording of the user's voice takes place in the background.An Android application is developed which silently collects voices samples and performs speaker recognition without requiring extensive user interaction. Two variants of the proposed tool have been developed and are described in depth in this thesis. The open source framework Recognito is used to perform the speaker recognition task. The analysis of Recognito showed that it is not capable of achieving high accuracy especially when the voice samples contain background noise. Finally, the comparison between the two architectures showed that they do not differ significantly in terms of performance.


In order to investigate the infection of liquid ammonia processing, hemp fiber after pretreatment was dip into liquid ammonia and the contrast was made. It was found that the content of lignin and pectin of hemp effect the performance of dying, especially the pectin. It's hard to dye for Hemp fiber. But the dying performance was different and ramie fiber is slightly better than that of hemp fiber. Liquid ammonia processing was favor to improve the dying performance. Different way of removing ammonia brought different effect on the dying performance of hemp fiber. Washing is better than drying to remove ammonia. With ammonia processing passing by, regain of hemp fiber raise continuously. But when the time of processing exceed 30mm, the regain fall down, which was still higher than unsettled sample.


To obtain the characteristics of supersonic flow-field and shock wave structure around projectile inside ram accelerator,the two-dimensional compressible Euler equation was solved by using high-order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory(WENO) scheme.By combining Adaptive Mesh Refinement(AMR) technique and Immersed Boundary Method(IBM),the experiment in ram accelerator under the cold shot condition was numerically simulated.The result shows that the flow structure and shock wave structure inside ram accelerator under the cold shot condition can be shown clearly.The simulation results agree well with corresponding experimental results.The hypersonic flowfield and shock waves inside the ram accelerator were captured.The generation and development of shock waves and relative parameters around the projectile were presented.The study offers reference for the cold launch experiment of ram accelerator.


The accompanying Main Map shows forest vulnerability zones calculated for the Czech Republic, covering a total area of almost 79,000 km2. Calculating forest vulnerability zones over such a large area requires a unique approach due to its complexity. The map includes additional information on forest areas and topography. The model of forest vulnerability zones (FVZ) constitutes an alternative to existing zones of forest health hazard caused by emissions. It was created based on subjective classification of existing incidence of damage in forests. Moreover, the model of forest vulnerability zones estimates the risk of forest health degradation caused by abiotic factors.


The dielectric properties of candidate materials for radomes or sensor windows on hypersonic vehicles, which can reach temperatures above 1,500◦Celsius when traveling greater than Mach 5, are required. Although there has been recent scientific interest in the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, little is known for temperatures near 1,500◦Celsius and above. Current research utilizes large laboratory-sized furnaces to achieve these temperatures. This also requires large sample sizes, which are expensive; such expense is greatly multiplied when sweeping through hundreds of materials for research and development. In an effort to reduce these costs, this thesis modeled a 7.0 cm×2.295 cm×1.016 cm rectangular waveguide aperture-coupled to a cylindrical cavity designed to operate at a resonant frequency of 10GHz, and utilized the electromagnetic cavity-perturbation technique to optimize the research of small dielectric disk samples placed within that cavity. The objective was to model the much smaller system, produce an empirical relationship between the cavity resonance and the dielectric constant of the sample, and create a prototype of the design to validate the proof of concept. Such samples could then be laser heated to these very high temperatures. As a result, it was found that a disk of 150μm thickness with a small radius, positioned at the center of the resonant cavity, is a viable geometry to produce the sensitivity required for conducting dielectric measurements as a function of sample temperature.


With the increase of workplace deviant behavior in the organization and the lack of attention and solutions to overcome it, the organization may experience several negative impacts that can jeopardize their company's reputation and financial wellbeing of the organization. Workplace deviant behavior is refer as any intentional behavior exhibited by a member of the organization that is contradictory to the member's legitimate interest as viewed by the organization. Recent research has highlighted the importance of understanding workplace deviant behavior. Past researchers have found that among the antecedents of workplace deviant behavior are gender and emotional stability. However, very limited studies have examined the role of religiosity as a moderator in the relationships between antecedents and workplace deviant behavior. The role of religiosity is very important as it helps people to shape their behavior through how they think and affect on how they act. Literature has suggested that individuals with high religiosity are more emotionally stable and less deviant at the workplace while males engage in deviant behavior more than females. Despite the existence of earlier studies on religiosity, there is still lack of studies on religiosity that specifically addresses workplace deviant behavior issues. There is also a critical gap in the research on workplace deviant behavior models that had examined religiosity as a moderator. This paper presents a model on the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between gender and emotional stability, and workplace deviant behavior. The model is developed based on social control theory as well as previous research findings. This model could contribute towards a better understanding of workplace deviant behavior by expanding the previous model with the inclusion of religiosity as the moderating role. Also, the employer should give more attention to the negative effects of workplace deviant behavior and the importance of religiosity as religiosity can moderate the factors affecting workplace deviant behavior.


Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) occurs periodically at the downdip side of the megathrust seismogenic zone on the subducting plate interface in Cascadia and southwest Japan. Tremor episode usually migrates at a speed of about 10 km/day along the strike of the subducting plate geometry. This is interpreted as propagation of the rupture front of short-term slow slip event (SSE). In general, tremor migration is easily recognized as a sequence of spatiotemporally continuous distribution. However, we sometimes observe tremor clusters which are distributed discretely but seem to be connected including some gaps. In this presentation, we focus on the tremor migration phenomena beyond gaps.


Finding failures in autonomous vehicles is especially important when trying to perform risk assessment in simulation before system deployment. When working with high-fidelity simulators and computationally expensive autonomous systems, efficiently finding failures becomes a primary objective. This work proposes an end-to-end risk assessment framework for autonomous vehicles— combining risky driving scenarios, sensor observation models, autonomous vehicle policies, efficient falsification techniques, and risk assessment methods. To build an observation model of the sensor noises in the environment, this work proposes a surrogate modeling-based approach to learn the underlying probability distributions of the noise disturbances from data. To automatically find high-likely failures in simulation, this work extends a reinforcement learning approach known as adaptive stress testing to be more data efficient. In a low-fidelity simulator, we compare two traffic flow-based driver models and introduce an intelligent behavior model learned through model predictive control to compare against a more realistic driving policy. The proposed framework is open source and has a modular design to extend to higher-fidelity simulators.


Australian English is unique; having absorbed elements of British and American English, it has developed its own distinctive style. The Cambridge Australian English Style Guide is both an assessment of the current state of Australian English and a guide to its style and usage. It is full of interesting information about why certain preferences are coming into use and, without being prescriptive, will give users all the information they need to make an appropriate choice. With more than 2500 alphabetical entries and a range of diagrams, this book will make life easier for anyone who deals with written language.


Relative toxicity tests were performed on a polyurethane foam containing a trimethylopropane-based polyol and an organophosphate flame retardant. The routine screening procedure involved the exposure of four Swiss albino male mice in a 4.2 liter hemispherical chamber to the products generated by pyrolyzing a 1.00 g sample at a heating rate of 40 deg C/min from 200 to 800 C in the absence of air flow. In addition to the routine screening, experiments were performed with a very rapid rise to 800 C, with nominal 16 and 48 ml/sec air flow and with varying sample rates. No unusual toxicity was observed with either gradual or rapid pyrolysis to 800 C. Convulsions and seizures similar to those previously reported were observed when the materials were essentially flash pyrolyzed at 800 C in the presence of air flow, and the toxicity appeared unusual because of low sample weights required to produce death.


Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition resulting from insufficient amounts or hormones absence, released by the thyroid gland, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This is the most common thyroid disease with a higher incidence in women and people over 60 years. Its clinical implications may increase the risk of drug interaction. Thus, intrinsic patient factors are predictive, because their symptoms require a pharmacological approach. Objective in dental clinic, there is a basic protocol of patients care, although, there is little information of possible drug-drug interaction (DDI) in this case. So, this study is a literature review which addresses possible DDI in patients with hypothyroidism, and also, the therapeutic approaches which may be adopted during dental treatment. This study has researched from bibliographical Portuguese articles, available in full of the following scientific databa-ses: Virtual Health Library (VHL); Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); and Scientific Electronic Library and Online (SciELO). In addition, it has fulfilled based on pharmacology and therapy books during the first semester of 2018. In conclusion hypothyroidism compromises the central nervous system, the basal metabolism, the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, which are highly important for body homeostasis. It is important to note the importance of dentists in knowing this disorder in order to be better prepared for the detection of possible cases and referral to appropriate medical specialty and to provide favorable care for patients already diagnosed, being always attentive to possible DDI.


Scaled sandbox models simulated primary controls on the kinematics of the early structural evolution of salt‐detached, gravity‐driven thrust belts on passive margins. Models had a neutral‐density, brittle overburden overlying a viscous décollement layer. Deformation created linked extension–translation–shortening systems. The location of initial brittle failure of the overburden was sensitive to perturbations at the base of the salt. Salt pinch‐out determined the seaward limit of the thrust belt. The thrust belts were dominated by pop‐up structures or detachment folds cut by break thrusts. Pop‐ups were separated by flat‐bottomed synclines that were partially overthrust. Above a uniformly dipping basement, thrusts initiated at the salt pinch‐out then consistently broke landward. In contrast, thrust belts above a seaward‐flattening hinged basement nucleated above the hinge and then spread both seaward and landward. The seaward‐dipping taper of these thrust belts was much lower than typical, frictional, Coulomb‐wedge models. Towards the salt pinch‐out, frictional resistance increased, thrusts verged strongly seawards and the dip of the taper reversed as the leading thrust overrode this pinch‐out. We attribute the geometry of these thrust belts to several causes. (1) Low friction of the basal décollement favours near‐symmetric pop‐ups. (2) Mobile salt migrates away from local loads created by overthrusting, which reduces the seaward taper of the thrust belt. (3) In this gravity‐driven system, shortening quickly spreads to form wide thrust belts, in which most of the strain overlapped in time.


One of the main sources of water in the semi-arid and arid region of the world is flood driven recharge. In recent research on groundwater and surface water interaction, attention has focused on the study of water exchanges between the near-stream aquifer and stream. One of the important near stream processes is bank storage. During flood events, there is a hydraulic gradient from stream to groundwater, which induces a net flux into the aquifer. This water is known as "bank storage". This water will slowly release back to the stream when the stream water level drops and the gradient is towards the stream. The aim of this thesis is to document the procedure required to develop a bank storage model that can be linked into a MODFLOW groundwater model. For this purpose a three dimensional, three-season groundwater model was built for the hypothetical Dry Alkaline Basin. A MATLAB code that can simulate bank storage process was developed. These two models were linked through the well package of MODFLOW and water was routed through the SFR package. Different stage hydrograph scenarios were generated to simulate the effect of bank storage on groundwater. The results of this study indicate that the number of stage rise and shape of stage hydrograph entering to stream system, when they have the same average stream stage, produced similar net flux of water between surface water and groundwater. In addition, the results show that reaches, which were gaining during normal flow of the stream network, can become a losing stream during high flow periods. This flood recharge process can be a key to evaluating the ecological structure of stream systems and for stream-restoration and riparianmanagement efforts.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: invention discloses, in particular, the method of forced ignition control (15) of the internal combustion engine (1), including the following steps: to implement the forced ignition of the internal combustion engine with the first specified value of the ignition advance; to define the second specified value of the ignition advance for the application; to implement the forced internal combustion engine ignition with intermediate values of the ignition advance, varying in progression law from the first specified value to the second specified value, wherein the pitch between two consequent intermediate values is determined depending on the immediate engine speed, so that the pitch increases, if the number of rotations is reduced. EFFECT: reduction of the abrupt torque change in the transitional work phase between the first and the second values of the ignition advance. 2 cl, 4 dwg


This paper develops new algorithms for linear transceiver design for multiuser MIMO systems. Based on MSE duality, we derive new algorithms for the problem of min-max relative layer-MSE (the ratio of the layer-MSE to the given requirement) and the problem of layer-MSB constrained power minimization. The proposed algorithms differ from the previous work in the way that the layer-MSE is handled directly, therefore different requirements for different data streams (layers) are possible for the min-max problem. Furthermore, the algorithms have very low complexity and are proved to be convergent. The proposed schemes do not impose any restrictions on the number of antennas.


In a SIP network (10), SIP server (20, 30) is provided with information that is used to authenticate the subscriber and the entity doing the calling. This information, such as long distance telephone charges, if a call that includes the price, as well as determining the appropriate parties to be claimed, can be used during the establishment of an authorization or call to reject the call. In addition to allow calls between authentication and trusted entity, there is a need to allow certain calls including untrusted user or entity SIP server. Unrecognized, if untrusted entity, trusted users and entities in the SIP network can not receive them a call from a user or entity that is not known to the SIP server providing a service .


Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae) are wild sunflowers native to North America but have become naturalized in central Argentina covering an area of about 5 million hectares. Wild H. annuus has been recognized as invader species in several countries, but no research has been done to study the ecological determinants of their distribution. In a survey covering seven provinces between 31°58′–38°S and 60°33′–69°W, we described the ecology of the main wild populations. Wild Helianthus populations were located in three of the 18 ecological regions of Argentina, on five Mollisol and seven Entisol soil groups. The associated plant communities were comprised 60 species belonging to 16 families, all being frequent components of the native flora. Disease symptoms were seldom observed in wild populations, with Alternariahelianthi being the most commonly observed pathogen. Population size varied from less than 100 to more than 100,000 plants, covering from 100 to more than 60,000 m2 with densities most frequently up to 3 plants/m2, but reaching 80 plants/m2 at certain sites. Intermediate plant phenotypes between wild species and cultivated sunflower were found in one-third of the populations providing evidence of intense gene flow. Hybrid swarms were found at three localities with population sizes between 100 and 10,000 individuals.


We have created three‐dimensional models of proximal and distal segments in a mouse model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in order to better understand obstructive nephropathy. Kidneys were subjected to UUO within 1 day of birth and were harvested after 2 days. Three‐dimensional architecture of nephron segments from obstructed and contralateral kidneys was assessed with digital reconstructions of physical sections from resin‐embedded kidneys. Proximal segments and collecting ducts (CDs) from inner core to kidney surface were identified with antibodies against segment‐specific proteins associated with water transport (AQP1 and AQP2) by indirect immunofluorescence. A number of proximal segments from obstructed and contralateral kidneys express markedly reduced AQP1 beginning at variable lengths distal to tubule origin. These likely include proximal segments of short loops of Henle whose descending limbs are known to be AQP1‐null. AQP2 expression is markedly reduced at variable depths in a number of CDs from obstructed and contralateral kidneys. Reduced AQP2 expression in obstructed kidneys is notable in subcortical CDs that exhibit laterally‐expanded axial extensions. Reduced AQP2 expression along the CD axis may reflect incomplete developmental expression of AQP2 and/or obstruction‐mediated down‐regulation. (NIH DK16294, DK45179, DK52612)


This article analyzed the questions based on reading in present evaluation, revealed the demand for the reading ability in solving the Physics problems. It also points out the ways and means cultivating the read ability in the teaching process of Physics.


Threats of cyberattacks have penetrated from disclosing critical user information to destroying/manipulating industrial control systems. Study on data security during network transmission has raised increasing attention in the systems and control community, which is found very necessary and timely in the context of Industry 4.0. In most existing approaches, the protection of the transmitted data from eavesdropping attacks and the detection of malicious integrity attacks are usually carried out separately. In this study, an integrated data-driven framework applicable at the control level is proposed to deal with secure transmission and attack detection simultaneously. In the framework, a secure correlation-based encryption/decryption approach and a trustworthiness judgement approach are proposed. Comprehensive discussions are made regarding the analysis of the sensitivity to attacks, the introduced time delay, and the design degree-of-free. Executable algorithms are presented, corresponding to which hardware is modularized and can work standalone independent from the configuration of the monitoring and control systems or any third-party authentication agencies. Evaluation results on a simulated two-area frequency-load control power grid system are provided to show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed approaches.


Surface sediments from the River Sao Francisco were analyzed to investigate the impact, due to the presence of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in wastes from a metallurgical industry in the city of Tres Marias/MG, Brazil. The concentrations and geochemical associations of Pb, Zn and trace metals associated with the minerals employed in zinc production were measured. Sediments close to discharge locations were highly contaminated with Pb (332-512 μg g-1) and Zn (7872-10780 μg g-1), with values decreasing rapidly due to dilution and hydraulic sorting. Evaluation of toxicity according to the Consensus-based Sediment Quality Guidelines indicated for Cd, Pb and Zn a high probability of adverse effects on aquatic biota at these sites.


Compositions of basalts erupted between the main zone of Galápagos plume upwelling and adjacent Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) provide important constraints on dynamic processes involved in transfer of deep‐mantle‐sourced material to mid‐ocean ridges. We examine recent basalts from central and northeast Galápagos including some that have less radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions than plume‐influenced basalts (E‐MORB) from the nearby ridge. We show that the location of E‐MORB, greatest crustal thickness, and elevated topography on the GSC correlates with a confined zone of low‐velocity, high‐temperature mantle connecting the plume stem and ridge at depths of ∼100 km. At this site on the ridge, plume‐driven upwelling involving deep melting of partially dehydrated, recycled ancient oceanic crust, plus plate‐limited shallow melting of anhydrous peridotite, generate E‐MORB and larger amounts of melt than elsewhere on the GSC. The first‐order control on plume stem to ridge flow is rheological rather than gravitational, and strongly influenced by flow regimes initiated when the plume was on axis (>5 Ma). During subsequent northeast ridge migration material upwelling in the plume stem appears to have remained "anchored" to a contact point on the GSC. This deep, confined NE plume stem‐to‐ridge flow occurs via a network of melt channels, embedded within the normal spreading and advection of plume material beneath the Nazca plate, and coincides with locations of historic volcanism. Our observations require a more dynamically complex model than proposed by most studies, which rely on radial solid‐state outflow of heterogeneous plume material to the ridge.


We calculate some indicators, which are closely related with galaxy clusters' substructure, for each cluster obtained in numerical simulations in OCDM and ACDM, and make a statistical comparison between two models. In ACDM the indicators, multipole moment power ratios and center shifts, are larger than those in OCDM. This result is consistent with the analytical prediction; galaxy clusters' formation epoch in ACDM is later than in OCDM and then clusters in OCDM are more relaxed than those in ACDM. We show that these indicators for X-ray surface brightness are useful tools to distinguish between OCDM and ACDM.


This paper is a discussion of some aspccts of British mercantile activily on lhe west coast of Latin America in lhe mid-nineteenlh cen!ury. Because lhe emphasis is on lhe British side of lhe trading exchange, more is made of overall sim.ilarities than differences. and il is argued lhat sueh similarities were more significant than lhe dirrerences. On !he omer hand. conditions wilhin lhe two countries eould hardly have been more dirrerent. Commercial activities in Mexico tended to be obscured by political events and lheir military aecompaniments; what Robert Louis Slevenson called lhe 'furor eonsularis' has tended 10 overshadow lhe facl lhal merchants. British. foreign and native, carried on business as usual wilh remarkable aplomb, even as politicians, diplomas and soldiers expended leuers. epilhets and sometimes bullets in me cause of lheir respective interests. In Chile. on lhe other bando order reigned, and eommerce thrived. Bul in bolh countries. lhe means were lhe same, as was lhe end: profit.


SummaryA case of monoamniotic twin pregnancy with knotting and entanglement of both umbilical cords and a periodic fetal tachycardia in excess of 210 beats per minute is reported. It is suggested that this fetal heart rate pattern may have resulted from intermittent partial occlusion of the two cords