This article was written for Litigation, the Journal of the American Bar Association Section of Litigation. It is intended as a primer for practitioners who have not practiced in tribal nation courts on what to expect and what is expected of them, with particular emphasis on the courts of the Navajo Nation. It also discusses the unique jurisprudence of tribal courts, which incorporates traditional and customary law, as well as procedure and substantive law adapted from outside jurisdictions.


The genital tract is normally moistened by glandular secretionsirom particular organssuch as the vulva, cervia: uteri, uterus and Fallopian tubes. The vagina, however, is devoid of glands, but is bathedby secretionsfrom above. particularly the cervix, and is also moistenedby transudation through its epithelial lining. Any discharge which makesthe patient constantlyawareof being moist, or which is enough to stain the underclothes,is abnormal.


The invention of cheap and powerful machines has brought the era of the electronic classroom one step nearer.Every where in the world; schools, colleges and universities teachers of all subjects are using computers to enhance and assist the process of learning and teaching.It is usually in areas where other media are less effective that computer based material is justified. Therefore, it is important to bring computers into the classroom rather than to keep them in an inner sanctum.Students always find computing very exciting and they tend to learn explore the machines at a greater.


Abstract The cross section has been calculated for photoionization of HCN. The unbounded orbital is approximated by a plane-wave, orthogonalized with respect to 820 A. The yield of photoionization at the threshold is obviously triggered by the interaction of Rydberg states with the ionization continuum and the deviation by the factor 2.7 of the calculated cross section compared with experimental data occurs due to the uncertainties of data in the half-widths.


Objective To explore a simple,safe and pragmatic operative method for duodenal injury.Methods Clinical data of 18 patients with duodenal injury treated from January 2001 to December 2007 were studied retrospectively.Results Of the 18 patients,16 cases were cured and 2 cases were dead.The healing rate was 89%.The dead causes included the duodenal leak,septic shock and multiple system organ failure.The duodenal lead,abdominal abscess and intestinal obstruction were main complications.Conclusion The modified Cogbill's technique is practical and safe in the treatment of severe duodenal injury.


The future of TMN in ITU-T will be heavily influenced by new telecom technologies, such as IP, and associated management needs. To meet this challenge, SG 4 has adopted two approaches. Current focus of ITU-T SG4 is common working methods for specifying protocol-neutral TMN requirements and information/models and identification of key management technologies to meet future needs. ITU-T SG4 has successfully set up the CORBA framework. The core is re-using the CORBA Common Object Services. ITU-T defines a set of CORBA interfaces for the CORBA generic information model. These interfaces are translated manually from a set of M.3100 GDMO managed object classes following the TMN CORBA framework and guidelines. Although TMN CORBA framework has finished, it still raises new issues, such as implementation conformance and complexity of additional services. It is remarkable that China has made great progress on CORBA-based network management standardization. ITU-T adopts some correlative technologies. SG4 agreed to define the Integrated Management of Hybrid Circuit Switched and Packet/IP Networks. SG4 also make progress in tML, Qos, ETS.


The recent upsurge of interest in manufacturing techniques using metal powders, including additive manufacturing (AM), metal injection moulding (MIM) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), has made methods for manufacturing alloyed metal powders especially iron-, nickeland cobalt-based alloys, a topic of much increased importance. Drawing on 45 years of experience in the field, the author reviews the range of methods available for this purpose, their advantages and limitations and likely fields of application.


It is suggested that students collect interarrival data for customers arriving at a queue. Two common features will often occur across these various datasets. Some data collection hints, some problems for students to pursue and a few pointers to the literature are given.


The real-time fault diagnosis and failure management (FDFM) of current operational and experimental dual tandem aircraft flight control system actuators was investigated. Dual tandem actuators were studied because of the active FDFM capability required to manage the redundancy of these actuators. The FDFM methods used on current dual tandem actuators were determined by examining six specific actuators. The FDFM capability on these six actuators was also evaluated. One approach for improving the FDFM capability on dual tandem actuators may be through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Existing AI approaches and applications of FDFM were examined and evaluated. Based on the general survey of AI FDFM approaches, the potential role of AI technology for real-time actuator FDFM was determined. Finally, FDFM and maintainability improvements for dual tandem actuators were recommended.


The purpose of the article is to analyze teaching strategies used during the future mathematicians training in India and to select the most effective ones. The objectives include: to carry out a close-open survey in order to distinguish the teaching strategies used in mathematics education; to establish traditional and innovative teaching strategies and describe the difficulties; to assess plausibility of hypothesis and to outline the most efficient teaching strategies. Within the framework of research 28 works published from 2018 to 2022 and devoted to the problems of mathematics education in Indian higher educational institutions were analyzed. A number of legislative documents and teachers' guidelines were studied in order to outline the government policy on education modernization and the principles of organization of educational process in India. The deductive approach to apply theoretical methods like literature review and analysis of research results was used. Empirical research methods included a close survey, mathematical analysis and statutory interpretation of answers. The numerical data contributed to the assessment of plausibility of hypothesis and proved that innovative teaching strategies make the educational process more effective. The close survey was conducted during 2022-2023 academic year. It includes three stages: preparatory, experiment and final. The close survey involved 216 mathematics teachers from different higher educational institutions throughout India. The results show that traditional teaching strategies are still widely used in Indian educational institutions. Nevertheless innovations are essential to present qualitative changes in the system of education. The following innovative teaching strategies were used: bilingual education, inter-subject links, mobile learning, microteaching, gamification, ICT, flipped classroom, personalized learning. These strategies improve learning outcomes among students, increase the creativity, communication skills, decision-making, and professional flexibility, enhance motivation, increase interest to professional activity, provide better understanding of materials, form professional competency, and contribute to decision-making skills formation.


Two types of planar centering mechanism with shape edge were fabricated and demonstrated their performance in this paper, which effectively reduce the tilt angle of dielectrically liquid lens to 0.2deg.


ABSTRACTFast and accurate simulation of responses of electromagnetic logging-while-drilling tools in 2D and 3D formations is important for further development of the proactive geosteering service, which is currently based on the 1D layered-model inversion. In search of an optimal method of forward simulation, we have developed boundary integral equations in a 2D formation model with planar boundaries. A peculiarity of the method is that the number of grid nodes required for reaching a certain accuracy, and hence the computation time increases as the transmitter approaches the boundary. To retain efficiency in the case of transmitter-boundary proximity, we use the following modification of the method. The main term of the calculated electromagnetic field, namely, the solution for the two-layered model corresponding to the closest boundary, is calculated by the well-known explicit formulas, whereas the anomalous field is found from the system of integral equations. The modified method is implemented and tes...


The search for the 4 He-η and 3 He-η bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique in 2008, 2010 and 2014, respectively. The 2008 and 2010 data analyses has already been completed and resulted in the upper limits for the total cross sections for the η -mesic 4 He production in dd → 3 Henπ 0 and dd → 3 Hepπ − processes. No narrow structure which could be interpreted as a bound state was observed. The experiment carried out in 2014 collected the largest data sample for 3 He-η in the world. The data analysis is in progress. This article presents results of the 2010 data analysis and preliminary results of the 2014 data analysis.


Definition-Use Net (DUN) is a graph-theoretical concurrent program representation that is very useful in software development activities such as program dependence analysis, testing, debugging, and complexity measuring. It is an arc-classified digraph having vertices representing information about definitions and/or uses of the values of variables, and inter-process synchronization and communication, and arcs representing deterministic or nondeterministic control ows between vertices. For capturing Definition-Use Nets for Ada 2012 programs, we developed an Asis-based DUN generator for Ada 2012 programs. This article presents an informal explanation for DUNs of Ada 2012 programs and shows some example DUNs of Ada 2012 programs generated by our DUN generator


Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form of autoimmune vesiculobullous skin disease. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has a well-known association with Kaposi's sarcoma. Considering the reports about the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with pemphigus and bolus pemphigoid without evidence of HIV infection, this study was designed to investigate the presence of HHV-8 in patients with pemphigus. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study, 27 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris were selected. The control group included 27 patients with benign nonvesiculobullous skin lesions. IHC (Immunohistochemistry) staining was performed to detect HHV-8 in tissue samples taken from skin lesions or mucosal lesions in both groups. Results: IHC showed HHV-8 in 12 patients in case group with pemphigus vulgaris (44.4%) and 9 patients in control group (33.3%) (P=0.402). Conclusion: Although HHV-8 prevalence was higher in Pemphigus vulgaris patients, this difference was not statistically significant, and there is unlikely to be a causal relationship between HHV-8 and Pemphigus. Keyword: Pemphigus vulgaris, human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Immunohistochemistry, Tabriz How to cite this article: Herizchi Qadim H, Razzaghi Zonouz N, Fakhrjou A, Ranjkesh M R, Houshyar Gharamaleki J. [Assessment of Frequency of Type 8 Human Herpes Virus in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris in Tabriz Sina Hospital since 2016-2017]. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services. 2020 FebruaryMarch; 41(6):98-105. Persian. © 2020 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article published by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. سپرّ سٍری  ٍیًا اٍرف عَ  ًیًاس اً 8 لاس رد سیربت یاٌیس ىاتسراویب رد سیراگل  ٍسَگیفوپ ىاراویب رد 5931 ٍ 5931 نیذق یچسیرّ / ىاراکوّ ٍ 33


UDC 624.139 The causes of and conditions for the manifestation of distortions in calculations conducted by the method of auxiliary temperatures are exposed. It is indicated that the distortions are maximum beneath the edges of structures, where the design frost depth may be on the tow side by a factor of two and more. A computational method, which is free of exposed drawbacks and which indicates agreement with the results of numerical modeling is developed, proceeding from analytical solution of the problem of the motion of the phase interface in quasi-stationary approximation. As we know, determination of the temperature gradients on the phase interface is a basic difficulty in calculating the displacement of the interface between the thawed and frozen phases. This problem can be solved analytically only in quasistationary approximation, when the process is considered a successive shift in stationary temperature fields that can be described by so-called configuration functions that are defined by the type of computational region. As Porkhaev has pointed out [1], the phase interface may not coincide exactly with the isotherms of the stationary temperature field; it is therefore constructed as an envelope of the family of isotherms, i.e., the calculation is performed with respect to points. At each point, the phase interface is combined with an isotherm; this ensures exact coincidence between the direction of the temperature gradient and the normal to the boundary, and its "nearly exact" numerical value. The method of auxiliary temperatures [1] and its modified variant [2, 3] have been developed for the implementation of this concept. Differing somewhat in mathematical formulation and calculations, both variants rely on the same assumption (not stipulated by the authors in explicit form): the phase interface is combined not with an isotherm, but with an isoline of one of the configuration functions. The results of this assumption depend on the form of the problem being solved. Porkhaev [1] used the method auxiliary temperatures to calculate the thawing of a flowing type of permafrost, when the computational region is a half-space, on the upper boundary of which alternating positive and negative temperatures are assigned. In this case, each of the zones (thawed or frozen) is formed by two boundaries: an upper (with a constant temperature) and phase boundary. The temperature field in each zone is a linear combination of only two configuration functions, and, consequently, any isoline f(x, y) = const is an isotherm (the sum of all configuration functions is equal to unity by definition). The computed temperature gradients, which are always directed along the normals to the isotherms, are, therefore, also normals to the phase interface. The numerical values of the gradients are also properly determined. It is natural that both variants of the method of auxiliary temperatures yield the same results, which are in full agreement with both field observations, and modeling data. In the case of the nonflowing type of permafrost, the computational region is supplemented by yet another condition - on the lower boundary. Use of the method of auxiliary temperatures is complicated under these conditions (the author of the method at least restrained himself from this and used an artificial procedure that reduces the problem to calculation of the thawing of a flowing type of permafrost). The modified variant [2, 3] can also be used under these conditions; unfortunately, however, it yields distorted results, and the distortions may be extremely significant. The fact is that now both the entire region, and also its thawed zone are formed by three boundaries, and the temperature field is a linear combination of three configuration functions, the isolines of which can be combined with the interface, and are not isotherms. Consequently, the computed temperature gradients are not normals to this boundary; the numerical values of the gradients are also distorted. The larger the differences between the isotherms and isolines of the configuration functions, the greater the distortions. Maximum distortions should be expected during freezing beneath the edges of the structures; this is confirmed by calculation (see Table 1).


William Faulkner is an outstanding American novelist in the 20th century.His short story Dry September touches upon the strange relationship between sex and violence,exposes the crimes of racial discrimination,and explores psychological state of the main characters.This paper attempts to analyze the impact of setting description on psychological state of the characters to offer a clear understanding of their psychological characteristics,so that the reader can appreciate his works better.


Anisotropic and controllable silver shell formation on gold nanorods was realized in a micellar solution of hexadecytrimethylammonium chloride. Uniformity of the anisotropic Au-Ag core-shell particles contributes separation of four extinction bands. The ability to manipulate the shapes and sizes of these nanoparticles offers a wide-range control of the surface extinction from the visible to the near infrared regions (450-800 nm).


the political system, focusing on the periods of different Iranian leaders, from Khomeini to Rouhani. Nicole Watts' and David Romano's chapters on Iraq are particularly important because of their detailed, focused, and original analyses. Watts writes on the governance of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the pressures from below for greater political representation and contestation. She discusses the KRG's mixed record of democratization with the concurrent existence of regular and relatively free elections with high levels of corruption, restrictions on civil liberties, and a weak judiciary that is unable to hold the KRG accountable. She calls attention to a new protest culture and the emergence of new groups, such as nongovernmental organizations, media outlets, student groups, street protestors, and the Gorran Party, demanding more representation, better services, less corruption, and accountability without challenging KRG's governing authority. According to Watts, these bottom-up pressures create significant prospects for democratization despite the competing imperative of maintaining national unity and nation building that pulls the KRG toward a more authoritarian path. David Romano provides a detailed analysis of the 2005 Iraqi constitution, discussing how it creates the necessary provisions for decentralization that can keep Iraq united and politically stable by limiting the central state's power and guaranteeing Kurdish, Sunni, and other minority rights, if implemented. This book is a must read for scholars, journalists, and students interested in contemporary Kurdish politics and ethnic conflict in the Middle East. The last two chapters by Mehmet Gürses and Ofra Bengio cover the transnational dynamic of the Kurdish question and discuss how Kurdish politics in Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Turkey have increasingly influenced each other. Because many chapters provide the historical context and discuss how the broader theoretical debates on ethnic conflict and democratization apply to the Kurdish question, it can easily be assigned to undergraduate students. While the theoretical lens of democratization is the integrating theme of the book, this lens does not always help us to understand Kurdish politics. This is particularly the case for Syria and Iran. In neither country is there a strong prospect for democratization nor are the Kurds influential enough to push these political systems toward a more democratic process. Regardless of this problem of theoretical relevance, I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the Kurdish question because it provides a detailed, balanced, and informative account of Kurdish politics in the Middle East.


A treatment of electron distribution in the hydrogen molecule that gives a better picture of the difference between bonding and antibonding and the consequent differences in energy.


icarbonate(HCO3) secreted by the duodenal epithelium is one of the
important"defensive factors". Patients with duodenal ulcer have impaired proximal duodenal
HCO3secretion。 Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) stimulates HCO3 secretion, In rabbit,histamine
essentiallyabolished PGE2-stimulated proximal duodenal mucosal HCO3 secretion in vitro
(from0.40 ± 0.03 to 0.08 ± 0,0lμmol/cm2·h),an effect which could be reversed by both
theneurotoxin(tetrodotoxin, TTX) and the histamine H2-receptor antagonist(cimetidine)(0.37 ±
0.06,0.44 ± 0.02μmol/cm2·h,respectively),and reproduced by the H2-receptor
agonistdimaprit. The results suggested that histamine contains an anti-defensive action by
inhibitionof PGE2-stimulated duodenal HCO3 secretion。


Positive safety culture is key in a generative organisation where individuals anticipate what could potentially go wrong and accept bad news as opportunity for improvement. During the last several decades, numerous process safety related events have occurred impacting people's lives and companies' financial integrity. The underlying causes of the poor safety culture that resulted in major incidents is due to organisational and safety management failures, inadequate communication, and lack of cultural leadership responsibility.


We carried out three-dimensional tree simulation in the presence of a barrier and an air layer between a needle electrode and a plane electrode based on a dielectric breakdown model (DBM) considering growth probability. It was found that a three-layer model is similar to a two-layer model. However, the three-layer model can simulate more accurately than the two-layer model in detail. In the three-layer model, the simulated tree tends to propagate while creeping on or developing along the barrier. Therefore, it is suggested that the three-dimensional tree simulation of the three-layer model is valid for simulating composite insulating systems with a barrier and an air layer.


The Colombian Bank sector has evolved of a model of specialized banking to the multibanking in the last 20 years, nevertheless due to the crisis of the beginning of the eighties, characterized by the bankruptcy of some entities and the deterioration of the financial system, the specialized entities were disappearing gradually to give step to an agency branch banking model. In the context of the financial globalization and the economic liberation, the Colombian bank sector presented in the decade of the nineties an important expansion with the entry of international financial institutions, which stimulated the dynamism of the sector, the need to compete with the foreign entities leads to a process of consolidation of the multibanking in which multiple cases of mergers and acquisitions occur, initially under the modality of twin mergers, that is to say, entities that realize the same activities, in search of economies of scale, and later, through complementary mergers, where those entities appear with connected activities offering a wide branch of services and products under the same roof in order to obtain scope economies.


Over the past few decades, advances in science and technology have produced a seemingly endless stream of new data, ideas, and knowledge, challenging scientists and educators alike to keep abreast of the latest concepts and discoveries in their fields. Adding to the wealth of new information posted online every day, more and more historical documents, books, and educational materials are being made available on the Web. To make the most of this treasure trove of resources, educators are increasingly sharing lessons, tools, and resources in electronic formats and online repositories [1]. Much like the open science movement, which promotes greater sharing and transparency to accelerate discovery, the open education movement freely shares fundamental and innovative teaching methods, initiatives, and materials to enhance understanding.


Usage Context-Based Design (UCBD) has become an area of growing interest in engineering design research, due to the increasingly important role usage context plays in customers' choices. In this paper, a usage context-based choice modeling framework (UCBCM) is presented to bridge the gap between engineering product design and customers' choice of new products using hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) as an example. Uniquely, the product performances are explicitly modeled as a function of product design variables, customer profile, and usage context to reflect the heterogeneity in customer preference and usage context. Furthermore, the multinomial logic choice model is integrated with the ordered logit model to study the impact of vehicle design on consumer's choice. The case study of HEV illustrates the usefulness of the UCBCM framework and demonstrates the importance of modeling usage context using both revealed preference data and consumer rating data.


On the basis of the petrology,mineral chemistry and p-t conditions of the amphibole-bearing schists across Guandian,Zhangbaling,amphiboles in this schist belong to magnesioriebeckite,the average oxide contents: Al2O3=3.97%,Fe2O3=20.57%,Al3+,Ⅳ=0.54,Fe3+=1.34,and these magnesioriebeckites indicate that the p-t conditions are t=500~600 ℃,p≤0.3 GPa,which display the characteristics of low pressure metamorphic facies.Combined with the data from early investigations for'glaucophane'in the Zhangbaling area,and contrasted to the data for glaucophane from Zhaosu and Kuche,Tianshan and Qiangtang,Tibet,no glaucophane appears certainly across the Zhangbaling area,and a detailedstudy is necessary for the identification of blueschist and low-tand high-p metamorphism.


In this paper, I present methodologies and routines for inference of environmental contours based on openly available data from the European EMODnet service, specifically wind and wave timeseries from oil platform 6200146. The conditional marginal distribution models, known as environmental contours, is established based on measured wind and wave heights, at platform 6200146 located in the North Sea. The data is provided through the openly available data platform, EMODnet. The environmental contour model is established by fitting univariate distributions to each data-series independently, whereafter an extremal dependence structure is established following methodologies outlined in (Janet E. heffernan, 2004).


Mordem literature is a kind of literature resisting suppression,and modernism originates from suppression.The shackles of patriarchal culture,the constraints to people by the harsh lining environment and capital and the birth of feminism are roots of the emergence of modern intellectual's suppression.Beijing faction provides a literature sample about suppression from one aspect,reveals that the suppression is inherent.The female intellectual's suppression has different manifestation in different historical periods and different fractions,however,it is commonly existed.


Background: Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) has been frequently observed to be aberrantly overexpressed in various tumors. RRM2 is a key enzyme, and essential regulator of balanced deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs). It is critical for DNA replication and repair, and hence cell survival. In addition to DNA synthesis, it has been reported to modulate cellular invasiveness. However, the mechanisms through which RRM2 affects the invasive phenotype have not been elucidated. Methods: We evaluated the expression of RRM2 protein in metastatic (n = 40) and non-metastatic (n = 40) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We identified varying degrees of RRM2 expression levels in HNSCC and NSCLC cell lines. We also generated RRM2 overexpressing stable cell lines; Tu686 (HNSCC) and A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In addition, we knocked down RRM2 and Twist 1 expression by siRNA technology. Results: Our results showed that RRM2 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC (p value Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that RRM2 substantially promoted cell invasion by stabilizing Twist 1 and suppressing E-Cadherin. Thus, an elevated RRM2 may serve as a potential biomarker for metastasis of HNSCC and NSCLC. Targeting RRM2 and its downstream signaling intermediaries may represent a rational approach for developing novel anticancer therapeutics. We are in the process of conducting an animal study to validate the strategy of silencing of RRM2 by using RRM2-siRNA nanoparticle to inhibit metastasis. (This work is supported by grants from NIH U01CA151802, P50CA128613). Citation Format: Mohammad Aminur Rahman, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Jun Zhang, Sreenivas Nannapaneni, Nabil F. Saba, Zhuo Georgia Chen, Dong M. Shin. Targeting RRM2 by siRNA inhibits cellular invasion and represents a rational approach for inhibition of metastasis of head and neck and lung cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1428. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1428


In cooperation with ecology and other sciences, it is used to find solutions to the
serious problems that compromise the environment


CO2-based transcritical refrigeration cycles are currently gaining significant research attention, as they offer a viable solution to the use of natural refrigerants (e.g., CO2). However, there are almost no papers that offer an exergoeconomic comparison between the different configurations of these types of systems. Accordingly, the present work deals with a comparative exergoeconomic analysis of four different CO2-based transcritical refrigeration cycles. In addition, the work is complemented by an analysis of the CO2 abatement costs. The influences of the variation of the evaporating temperature, the gas cooler outlet temperature, and the pressure ratio on the exergy efficiency, product cost rate, exergy destruction cost rate, exergoeconomic factor, and CO2 penalty cost rate are compared in detail. The results show that the transcritical cycle with the ejector has the lowest exergetic product cost and a low environmental impact.


Anustup Das,1, ∗ Dong Jun Lee,2, 3, ∗ Prasoon K. Shandilya,1 Sejeong Kim,4, 5 Gumin Kang,6 David P. Lake,1 Bishnupada Behera,1 Denis Sukachev,1 Igor Aharonovich,4, 5 Jung-Hyun Lee,3 Jaehyun Park,2 and Paul E. Barclay1 Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia Nanophotonics Research Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea (Dated: July 12, 2021)


Compared to similar steel/aluminium sections, pultruded GRP sections have lower selfweight, higher corrosion resistance etc. However, from a structural design standpoint, these advantageous characteristics are compromised by their low flexural stiffness. Consequently, if pultruded GRP sections are to be used widely, their flexural stiffness must be enhanced. One way to do this is to bond a high modulus material, such as CFRP, to the flanges of the section. For example, in a series of three-point flexure tests on pultruded GRP 102 x 102 x 6.4mm Wide Flange (WF) beams of 2.95m span, it was shown that bonding two 23.4 x 2.6mm unidirectional CFRP strips to the tension flange increased the flexural stiffness by 37%.


BACKGROUND
The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment is an evidence-based practice for individuals with psychiatric disabilities. To be financially viable, IPS programs require funding from the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) system. However, some observers have questioned the compatibility of IPS and the VR system.

METHOD
Using a randomized controlled trial comparing IPS to a well-established vocational program called the Diversified Placement Approach (DPA), we examined rates of VR sponsorship and successful VR closures. We also describe the establishment of an active collaboration between a psychiatric rehabilitation agency and the state VR system to facilitate rapid VR sponsorship for IPS clients.

FINDINGS
Both IPS and DPA achieved a 44% rate of VR Status 26 closure when considering all clients entering the study. IPS and DPA averaged similar amount of time to achieve VR sponsorship. Time from vocational program entry to Status 26 was 51 days longer on average for IPS.

CONCLUSIONS
Even though several IPS principles seem to run counter to VR practices, such as zero exclusion and rapid job search, we found IPS closure rates comparable to those for DPA, a vocational model that screens for readiness, provides prevocational preparation, and extensively uses agency-run businesses.


The Ran‐binding protein 2 (RanBP2) is a mosaic and pleiotropic protein, which associates in vitro and in vivo with the conventional microtubule‐based motor and kinesin‐1 isoforms, KIF5B/KIF5C. We showed previously that the kinesin‐binding domain (KBD) together with the flanking Ran‐binding domains 2 and 3 (RBD2, RBD3) of RanBP2 directly jump‐start and boost the ATPase motor activity of kinesin‐1, a motor implicated in mitochondria transport. The goal of this study is to define the roles of RBD2 and RBD3 of RanBP2 and Ran GTPase in kinesin‐1 activation in vitro and multiple biophysical parameters of mitochondria motility in live cells. We show that the activation of kinesin‐1 by RBD2‐KBDRBD3 is Ran GTPase independent; yet mutations in RBD2‐KBDRBD3 and abolishing its interaction with Ran GTPase suppress the Michaelis‐Menton and partially affect the allosteric activation phases of kinesin‐1. These effects lead to a ~20% reduction of kinesin‐1 activity (kcat). In live cells, KBD alone stimulates the motility, displacement, frequency of change in direction, motility persistence and anterograde velocity of mitochondria, whereas a mutant KBD construct has no effect. In contrast, RBD2‐KBDRBD3 of RanBP2, but not mutant constructs, suppress all these biophysical parameters of mitochondria motility. Further, there is stereochemical specificity between RBD2 and RBD3 in certain parameters of regulation of mitochondria motility. These studies uncover novel Ran GTPase‐independent functions of RBD2, RBD3 and KBD of RanBP2 in kinesin‐1 activation and regulation of mitochondria motility.


The review of early and new investigations of spatial light modulators (SLM) fulfilled by the authors during the last five years and published most in Russia is given. The main problems considered in the article are spatial noise of SLM, the dependence of SLM optical response on different construction, material or driving parameters, the speed of response of SLM, and the optical memory. The influence of materials of the photoconductor, liquid crystal, and its orienting coating are discussed.


FOUNDATION TRUSTS have no plans to poach staff from their neighbours by offering higher salaries, the director of nursing at a London hospital in line to get foundation status has said.


Abstract. Research has shown that ideal romantic standards predict future partner characteristics and influence existing relationships, but how standards develop and change among single individuals...


After two and a half days' listening to debates emphasising the plight of the National Health Service in general and of our hospitals in particular it came as rather a shock to go to an attractive modern hospital with an efficient and happy "feel" to it. The impression was confirmed by a series of "have a go'* demonstrations and invited papers at the impressive new postgraduate centre, which Sir Christopher Booth, the session's chairman, rightly described as of an outstanding standard at one of the half day science sessions on 25 June during the BMA's annual representative meeting. Presumably this quality is one of the arguments in favour of RAWP, yet any notion that Scarborough Hospital was living in luxury was dispelled by hearing that not infrequently some consultants had to sleep in on their duty nights. From experience at Sheffield, Oxford, and Scarborough Dr A N Stanton, a consultant paediatrician, argued cogently for a role for hyperthermia in some unexplained cot deaths. Studies in East Germany had also confirmed that a history of the baby's having excessive clothing and overwrapping (sometimes equivalent to eight blankets) might be obtained and not infrequently a raised rectal temperature was present even when this was taken at necropsy. Other well recognised associations with the sudden infant death syndrome were maternal smoking, poor social factors at home, low birth weight and non-accidental injury, but even if such factors could be eliminated there was probably an irreducible minimum incidence of 0*2 cases per 1000. Discussing advances in bone setting, Mr J G Bradley, an orthopaedic surgeon pointed out that no motor cyclist with a fractured tibia expected to lose his leg these days, a supposition largely confirmed in practice. He compared the traditional closed methods of fracture treatment with the newer ones, including the use of plates and external forces to keep the bone fragments in opposition, pointing out that these led to early mobilisation. He believed that bone glue would provide the optimum means for holding the bones together, but thought that the cost/benefit equation of the new methods still had to be worked out. For instance, in reply to a questioner he conceded that the question of infection (possibly as high as two fifths of cases) remained to be answered and that often the benefit in healing time was only a few weeks.


Wind-flow characteristics at the heights of modern wind turbines were obtained from High Resolution Doppler lidar measurements during two past-year experiments. One was conducted in the flat terrain of the US Great Plains, and the other off the New England coast, when HRDL was deployed on the research vessel Ronald Brown. These datasets were chosen because the Great Plains is a region of high wind resources on land, and waters off the New England coast are a region planned for development of wind farms in the near future. Analysis of wind and turbulence characteristics over a wide range of heights, variations of wind shear in time during strong and calm wind nights, along with examples of error in the actual and predicted wind resources will be given.


The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Smith & Abott) is a pest organism in Mexico's maize, and causes damages of around 60 % in yield, damaging the young tissues. The main method for its control is the use of chemical pesticides; however, the use of these substances has negative effects on human health and on beneficial insects, such as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators of the fall armyworm and others such as Helicoverpa zea. Some of them are relevant in the natural regulation of S. frugiperda populations, as for example, the hymenoptera which are the most abundant parasitoids in maize crops, with families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae standing out. The predators or entomophagous insects of the fall armyworm, such as ladybugs and lacewings, feed mostly on the insect's eggs. A description of the natural control that these insects exercise on the fall armyworm populations is made, and of their contributions to the ecological equilibrium of agroecosystems devoted to the production of maize and other species of grains.


A numerical and experimental study is made of the characteristics of vortex and upwash flows generated by multiple jets in a crossflow. Laser Doppler measurements and flow visualization are presented for turbulent circular jets emerging into a low-velocity cross stream and, then, impinging on a flat surface perpendicular to the geometrical jet nozzle axis. The experiments were performed for Reynolds numbers based on the jet exit conditions of 6 x 10 4 and 1.05 x 10 5 , a jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 30, and an impinging height of 5 jet diameters, and they include mean and turbulent velocity characteristics along the two normal directions parallel to the nozzle axis. This study provides a basis to understanding more complex practical flowfields, such as those in industrial environments where impinging jets compete on any crosswind and the flow created underneath a vertical/short takeoff and landing aircraft.


A 27-year-old woman with a previous right oophorectomy for dysgerminoma diagnosed 9 years earlier, was referred to our center after the incidental finding of a left ovarian mass and increased ß-hCG levels (22.000 IU/mL). At ultrasound examination, a solid lesion of 34x23x38 mm in size, was detected in the left ovary and it appeared as a mass with an inhomogeneous echotexture, irregular contour and no stripy echogenicity (Figure 1a, Suppl 1). An ovarian crescent sign was clearly visualized at the lateral part of the left mass.


Background Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by sharply demarcated, erythematous squamous lesions, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 0 to 11.8%. Methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine (CsA) are well known systemic therapies for moderate to severe chronic plague psoriasis. Objective The aim of this study is compare the efficacy of methotrexate and cyclosporine in the treatment of Psoriasis. Methods A prospective randomized study was conducting at the Dhulikhel Hospital, KUTH, Dhulikhel during November 2008 to July 2009 with the objective to compare the effectiveness, side effects and cost of MTX and CsA treatment in a context reflecting normal clinical practice. Results A total of 64 patients (33 receiving MTX and 31 receiving CsA) were enrolled. These patients were followed every week for first month and their PASI score and side effects were recorded at 0, 1st, 2nd and 3rd month interval. In the study, the mean (± S.E) PASI score at base line was 23.34 ± 1.12 for MTX and 21.25 ± 1.07 for CsA group. After 12 weeks of treatment the mean ± S.E PASI score found to be 5.37 ± 0.42 for MTX and 4.56 ± 0.41 for CsA group. The difference in the response between the groups acquired statistically not significance (p=0.160 > 0.05) meaning there is no difference in the effectiveness of MTX and CsA. Conclusions The efficacy, side effects, ease of administration (once weekly vs. twice daily treatment) and cost, it seems that treatment of psoriasis patient with systemic therapy using MTX is preferable than CsA even though, both have similar clinical efficacy. Keywords Methotrexate; Cyclosporine; Psoriasis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5763 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 15-21


Numerous researches have been devoted to the development of the wearable antenna for its functionalities in on-body communications. The printed monopole antenna fulfils the requirements as well as having wideband matching characteristics, omnidirectional radiation patterns and compact size. Transforming wearable antennas into a compact antenna for wireless on-body communication which operates at 2.45 GHz and to investigate their performances on the body are the objectives of the research. In this research, three types of printed monopole antennas with different configurations are proposed. A microstrip patch antenna is selected as the basic design and modifications on the radiating patch for these three antennas were tested on movements of normal activities of a human in an office environment using Computer System Technology (CST). To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, return loss was simulated using CST and measured with network analyser. Path loss measurement for five on-body channels which are belt-to-chest, belt-to-wrist, belt-to-head, belt-to-back and belt-to-ankle was measured with vector network analyser. For the antenna performance on the body, the belt-to-head body channels gave the best result for the path loss measurement with highest path loss mean values about -30 dB. It was also found that the developed antennas can perform well at 2.45 GHz with good return loss below than -10 dB, and both simulated and measured results were in agreement. These proposed antennas worked well with wide operating bandwidth about 17~32%. However, each of these antennas has its own superior feature based on the configuration that could enhance the compactness of the antenna.


Now FPGA integrated circuit has been used widely for the area of military and aerospace,therefore the reliability of the FPGA is more important to the customer.Dynamic burn-in test is the most important test in the reliability evaluation of integrated circuits.If the way of the FPGA Dynamic burn-in test can be realize,the reliability will be improved.In the paper,we study the configuration logic block and function block,discuss the principle and the flow for the configuration of FPGA integrated circuit,then we design a new method of dynamic burn-in test for FPGA,and now the method is implemented successfully and used in engineering.


Most discussions of religious and psychological thought are inclined to generalize rather broadly on "religion" and "psychology." Little attention is usually given, for example, to precise points of contact between the thought of a theologian and a psychologist, or even to relating selected theological and psychological schools or traditions. This paper attempts to contribute to the more familiar kind of discussion, albeit by working at the point of certain very specific aspects of both psychological and theological thought. To do this it moves progressively from a generalized "level" of the two disciplines themselves (what might be called the theological and psychological scenes, taken as a whole), to an intermediate level of particular figures and systems (in this case Freud's psychoanalysis and Tillich's self-transcending realism), and then to a third level of specific constructs-transference and transcendence. This movement is followed by a brief concluding return to the first and most general level. From the psychological side I shall argue that transference is one of a small number of constructs crucial not only to the psychoanalytic theory and therapy but crucial also for Freud's thought about culture and especially religion. "The transference" remains a construct of outstanding import within and without (where it is attended if only to be criticized) the classical psychoanalytic tradition. The first portion of the paper will review Freud's thought at this point, by way of preparation for engagement or dialogue with Tillich's theological thought. Within current religious and theological thought the subject-object relation is especially prominent. It is often employed to define the epistemological and relational givenness of man's situation or condition, and theological meaning or reality is then said to issue from its transformation or transcendence. The second portion of the paper will spell out and narrow down this "motif" with regard to the psychological considerations. For illustration I shall recur to Tillich's analysis as perhaps the best instance of precisely that segment of current theological thought which I wish to draw into dialogue with Freud. Both discussions focus upon what will be called "the nature of personal relatedness," a phrase which could also be rendered "the quality of personal


Let G be a topological group and let G-E-E-*BG be the universal fibration for G so that B G iS the classifying space for G. Eilenberg and Moore have developed two spectral sequences which deal with this situation [1], [2], [3]. The spectral sequence of Type I has E2 = CotorH*(G)(K, K)=>H* [BG]. The Type II spectral sequence has E2= TorH*[BG] (K, K)=>H* [G]. K is the ground ring. These tools give a very simple proof of


Commodification and thinning margins of insurers have increased competition in the industry. Accessing accurate data and its meaningful analysis is becoming vital. The rise of digital technologies driven by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) enables this but also poses new risks to insurers. The literature is evolving, and most reviews have focused on technologies or insurance value chain aspects. This systematic review of research on digital technologies in insurance discusses their benefits, enablers and inhibitors with specific reference to Industry 4.0–driven changes and identifies opportunities and imminent changes in the industry. This article discusses directions for future research. JEL Classification: M150 IT Management


This research presented "influence method of mimicrymemorization(Mim-Mem Method) toward Mastery of vacabulary in Madrasah Aliyah Darul Lughah Wal Karomah". The purpose of this method is to make easily undesrtanding and Master of Vocabulary to student into arabic language lesson. The first step is the teacher pronounce the words then repeated by students. This research was experimental. Whereas the data collection used speaking test method with comparative analyst technique (Non-Parametric) Mann-Whitney U-test (Uji U). To prove this research is significant or not, researchers use SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). As for the result Mimicry-Memorization method (Mim-Mem Method) has affected to Vocabulary mastery in Madrasah Aliyah darul Lughah Wal Karomah. By using that method, student will be more active and more effective in learning arabic language lesson.


This paper focuses on the encoder of ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC MPEG-4 Part-10 AVC (hereafter "JVT"), especially the Lagrange parameter for the rate distortion optimization (RDO) scheme. Since the Lagrange optimization method is very effective from the viewpoint of coding efficiency optimization, it is specified as an essential experimental condition for performance evaluation in JVT standardization activity. After discussing the background of this mechanism, we verify this method and the currently used parameter theoretically. Computer simulation results show that the Lagrange multiplier might not necessarily be original value; smaller values provide better performance in QCIF, for example.


When in relation to a server for online registration when a communication terminal to store a distribution of telephone numbers and the terminal is only One, a registration screen is automatically established. The screen, the user can single-cylinder to complete an online registration by inputting a password to. When the server provides the service, the server requires the user to enter a user name and password. The communication terminal, a server in advance with the telephone number in the database, the terminal unique information. In response to a communication request from a communication terminal, a server as the password and the identification by using the telephone number as the user name and the terminal number.


Sugarcane cultivation dates back to the Vedic period and the earliest reference is found in Indian writings of the period 1400 to 1000 years BC. Sugarcane is mainly grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Being a member of the grass family, it belongs to the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A class of switching system is studied in this paper. A Fractional order controller for Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is proposed to control such systems. An augmented fractional order system is considered in order to design the controller. Therefore, more information about the system is available and the controller will have more degrees of freedom than the integer one. The results can either be better than or at least similar to the integer one, regarding to the application. Furthermore, an observer is designed in order to estimate the augmented states. To show the e¢ ciency of the controller a DC-DC buck converter is used as an application. The results are compared with integer order sliding mode control. The simulation results shows the e¢ ciency of the proposed method to control DC-DC buck converter.


The invention discloses a swirler. The swirler comprises an outer wall, an inner wall and swirl vanes arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall, wherein the swirl vanes comprise big and small vanes which are arranged in a peripheral direction; both the big vanes and the small vanes comprise straight vane sections parallel to the central line of the swirler and bent vane sections having included angles with the central line of the swirler. A pre-mixing combustor comprising the swirler comprises a combustion gas turbine of the pre-mixing combustor, a boiler, an internal combustion engine or an aero-engine. According to the swirler and the pre-mixing combustor adopting same, the straight vane sections of the big vanes mainly achieve rectifying action, and the bent vane sections of the large vanes are used for regulating an airflow direction; and small vanes are used for regulating airflow speed distribution among large vanes to eliminate a low-speed airflow area, so that a tempering phenomenon is eliminated in a facilitated manner.


Corruption has become a serious problem in Indonesia and the prevention of corruption needs to be done from an early age. One effort that can be taken is to conduct socialization on corruption prevention through problem-based learning methods at TK Al-Kawanad. This method can help children understand the dangers of corruption and how to prevent it through direct experience in solving corruption problems. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of problem-based learning methods in socializing corruption prevention at TK Al-Kawanad. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that problem-based learning methods are effective in improving children's understanding of the importance of corruption prevention and how to prevent it. In addition, children are also more motivated and involved in learning through this method. This study is expected to provide a positive contribution in efforts to prevent corruption in Indonesia through character education from an early age.


Endurability to the cold became an urgent problem in the South Polar Expedition, and many universities and institutes therefore took up collaborate investigations on this subject in order to establish the most pertinent method for estimation of human tolerance to the cold, consequently contributing to physiological appraisal of the above problem.Though a large number of experiments were conducted from both physiological and biochemical view points, it was first confirmed from the work alloted to us that variation of energy metabolism serves as a good methodology for this purpose.Furthermore, as skinfold thickness has an inverse proportional relationship to energy metabolism we have reached the abbreviate conclusion that higher skinfold thickness results in higher endurability to the cold.


Background: Several factors were detected in ICU nurses' work system that can hinder their activity. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate performance obstacles in ICUs nurses at Assuit University Hospitals. Setting The present study was carried out in the intensive care units at seven specialties at Assiut University Hospitals. Subjects: The study sample was 194 staff nurses who were working as bedside nurses in seven ICUs and who were willing to participate in the study. Tools: Data of the present collected through utilizing the following two tools personal characteristic: performance obstacles ICUs questionnaire Results: influential performance obstacles items were that the nursing staff was not enough to handle the number of patient, had difficulty finding a space to sit down and do any paperwork in their unit nurses, complain of the equipment in bad condition and there was a delay in getting medicines for patients. Recommendations: It is recommended that: When planning for a new or renovated critical care units, the health care facility should consults an expert in the field of hospital design as well as taking consideration about nurses and patients needs related to infrastructure of the unit.


Aqueous esterquat dispersions with improved wetting power are obtained by quaternising fatty acid alkanol amine esters in the presence of dispersant mixtures containing (a) alcohol polyethylene glycol ether of the formula (I) R O(CH2CH2O)nH in which R is a linear or branched alkyl and/or alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 10, and (b) fatty acid amidoalkylene amines of the formula (II) R CO-NH(Z)NR R in which R CO is an acyl radical with 2 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 and/or 1 to 3 double bonds and Z is a linear or branched alkylene group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R and R are mutually independently hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and then adding them to water.


Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem globally. Lack of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests remain an obstacle for effective control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of rESAT-6-CFP-10 in detecting active pulmonary tuberculosis in a high burden setting.
Methodology/Principal findings: Three hundred twenty three pulmonary tuberculosis suspects were included consecutively from February 2010 to May 2010. Basic socio-demographic data as well as sputum and serum samples were collected. Of the 323 suspects, 107 were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis patients using smear microscopy and culture. IgG-based ELISA was run on 204 (89 culture positive and 115 culture and smear negative) serum samples using rESAT-6-CFP-10 antigen. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.0% (83.3 % - 95.4%) and 41.7% (33.1% - 50.9%), respectively. The sensitivities were 94.6% and 88.5% in smear positive and smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity among HIV positive pulmonary tuberculosis suspects were 87.5% and 34.8%, respectively whereas the sensitivity and specificity among HIV negative pulmonary tuberculosis suspects were 93.0% and 42.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: The sensitivity of rESA-6-CFP-10 antigen is high but the corresponding specificity is low and therefore, it can't replace smear microscope in the study area.


The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is pushing with its highbrilliance X-ray beam the boundaries also for Radiation Protection. One of the factors to be considered during the design of shielding and other safety systems is the strength of the beam that the facility might be capable of. Recent estimates of these capabilities for this new and still evolving facility are being discussed in this report. Especially close to the Undulator and after focusing elements, the X-ray beam is challenging to contain, since materials like steel and even strong materials like boron carbide (B4C) can be damaged by the beam. Dedicated experiments to understand the damage threshold of B4C have been performed. Self-seeded beam and expansion to lower energies (down to below the carbon edge at 280 eV) create further challenges that had not been mitigated during the original design. Examples of recent analyses and mitigations are being described.


Run-length codes and their variants have recently been shown to be very effective for compressing system-on-a-chip (SOC) test data. In this paper, we analyze the Golomb code, the conventional run-length code and the FDR code for a binary memoryless data source, and compare the compression obtained in each case to fundamental entropy bounds. We show analytically that the FDR code outperforms both the conventional run-length code and the Golomb code for test resource partitioning (TRP) based on data compression. We also present a modified compression/decompression architecture for obtaining even higher compression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these compression codes using the larger ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits and two representative circuits from industry. Finally, we show that the FDR code is almost as effective as Unix utilities gzip and compress, even though it uses a much simpler decompression algorithm.


In the present research, I apply a construal level framework to understanding when people gravitate towards all-at-once (e.g., four hours in one day, $100 lump-sum) versus distributed (one hour a day for four days, $20 per month for 5 months) philanthropy. I argue that more abstract construals increase the weight that people place on idealistic concerns, whereas more concrete construals increase the weight that people place on pragmatic concerns, and that people expect allocating time and money in an allat-once versus distributed manner to satisfy idealistic and pragmatic concerns to different degrees. Chapter 1 of this dissertation focuses specifically on volunteerism and compliance to specific requests (i.e., an all-at-once or a distributed request, but not both). Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated people expected all-at-once and distributed volunteerism to satisfy idealistic and pragmatic concerns, respectively. The final two studies in Chapter 1 showed that situationally induced differences (Study 3) and individual differences (Study


If L is a Lie algebra over R and Z its centre, the natural inclusion Z → (L*)* extends to a representation i*: ΛZ → End H*(L,R) of the exterior algebra of Z in the cohomology of L. We begin a study of this representation by examining its Poincare duality properties, its associated higher cohomology operations and its relevance to the toral rank conjecture. In particular, by using harmonic forms we show that the higher operations presented by Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson (1998) form a subalgebra of End H* (L, R). and that they can be assembled to yield an explicit Hirsch-Brown model for the Borel construction associated to 0 → Z → L → L/Z → 0.


The purpose of this study was to verify the discriminant validity of the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in screening between subgroups of disruptive children. Sixteen disruptive boys with symptoms of attention deficit (AD) were compared to a group of 16 disruptive boys without attention deficit (DIS) and to 16 controls (CO). A stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated that the AD group was significantly distinct (had a lower score) in comparison to the DIS and CO on the color-word score. The AD group also showed more hesitations on the color-word card than did controls. Implications for assessment of disruptive children with the SCWT in elementary schools are discussed.


Griffith University is honoured to be given the opportunity to host the IEEE-IV2013 Symposium. Since opening its doors in 1975, Griffith University has come to be regarded as one of Australia's most innovative tertiary institutions and one of t he most influential universities in the Asia-Pacific region. We have grown to be a large multi-campus institution with internationally recognised strengths in teaching and research. Griffith now offers more than 300 degrees across five campuses and is home to more t han 43,000 students from 131 countries. Griffith University is Australia's ninth largest higher education provider and ranks among the top 5% of universities in the world.


This article introduces a constrained imaging method based on low‐rank and subspace modeling to improve the accuracy and speed of MR fingerprinting (MRF).


This Brief Communication is concerned with establishing the effect of the presence of a third diffusing component on the onset of convection in a horizontal fluid‐saturated porous layer. The linear stability analysis procedures used in double diffusion are extended to take into account a third diffusing constituent. As a result, general expressions for the various stability boundaries are obtained. The presence of a third diffusing component with small diffusivity can seriously alter the nature of the convective instabilities in the system. For the most part, the findings of the present study for a porous layer exhibit similar behavior to the results reported by Griffiths [J. Fluid Mech. 92, 659 (1979)] for triple diffusion in a layer of classical fluid. However, when heat is one of the three diffusing components, the porosity of the porous medium has a considerable effect on the marginal stability boundary for oscillatory convection.


Head and neck (H&N) cancer affects approximately 8–15 per 100,000 of the UK population. It has been suggested that the delay in diagnosing cancer has been a major factor in the poorer survival rates in the UK compared with some other countries in Europe.


We prove that the natural HNN-extensions of the fractional Fibonacci groups are the fundamental groups of high-dimensional knot complements. We also give some characterization and interpretation of these knots. In particular we show that some of them are 2-knots.


: This experiment was conducted in Wollega University for 150 days to evaluate the effect of feeding locally formulated ration on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and profitability of Sasso chicken farming. One hundred chicks of forty two day old male Sasso chickens were purchased and randomly distributed in to four dietary treatments with three replications each. The treatments were: T1 (feed composed of mixes of sorghum grain, soya bean grain, noug seed cake, limestone, salt and Sesbaniasesban green leaf), T2 (Commercial ration), T3 (feed composed of mixtures of quality protein maize grain, limestone and salt) and T4 (feed composed of mixtures of wheat grain, soya bean grain, noug seed cake, limestone, salt and Sesbaniasesban green leaf). The birds were randomly distributed to the different feeding treatments. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to manage the experiment. The experimental chickens were offered their respective experimental diets ( i.e . grower and finisher) ad-libitum. Feed offered and feed refused were recorded every 24hours to calculate amounts of feed consumed. Body weight was taken every week early in the morning starting from 06:00 am before offering feed. At the end of the experiment, at 150 days, chickens th were sold. Feed samples from both ingredients and rations were taken and sent to the National Veterinary Institute (NVI) laboratory at Bishoftu to evaluate their chemical composition after drying in an oven. Finally, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in their feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio and profit ability analysis. Feed intake was highest for those chickens fed on T2 and the least feed intake was recorded from those chickens fed T1. Feed conversion ratio was lowest for those chickens fed on T2 (8.68) and highest for those chickens fed on T3 (9.97). Those chickens fed on T4 fetched the highest profitability with 6.40, 540.51 and 83.73% for CBR, RoI and GPMP respectively, indicating that T4 ration with some fine-tuning works in the future to use the full potential of this diet can replace T2 without adversely affecting Sasso Chickens' growth performance.


Spices have been an integral part of our food for millennia. However, most potent and healthiest spices are rarely used due to lack of knowledge. Present study was undertaken to collect medicinal uses and health benefits of spices. Data were gathered from traditional Sri Lankan and Ayurvedic authentic texts and web sources. In the present study, 60 plant species belonging to 32 families were taken into consideration. Spices often come from the leaves, fruits, seeds, roots, bulbs or bark of the plants. Fruits (39%) are the most preferable part used as spices with leaves in second place (28%). According to Ayurveda, the dominant taste of the spices is Katu Rasa (pungent) (75%) followed by Tikta Rasa (bitter) (59%). The majority of spices (80%) have Ushna Veerya (hot in potency) and Katu Vipaka (71%) (pungent in end part of digestion). Most spices pacify Kapha and Vata Dosha but enhance Pitta Dosha . 50% and 30% of spices show, Deepana (enhancing digestive power) and Ruchi Vardhana (appetizing) properties respectively. Spices provide a way to add flavour to food without the extra fat, calories, sodium or cholesterol. They are used as popular home remedies for different ailments such as indigestion, diarrhea and vomiting. It is concluded that using spices improves digestion and protect the body against certain chronic conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart diseases.


For transnational"linear cultural heritage"resources,in addition to professional protection,how to be an effective regulatory protection within the framework of international law is also essential.At first,in terms of legislation,basing on transnational"linear Heritage"synergistic protection norms,systematic,balance of interests and other characteristics,establishing protection norms should establish the basic principles of"leading the country of origin","regional cooperation","sustainable development".On this basis,there is ways to establish an independent body,a clear allocation of responsibilities and rights with the state accountability system and make the relevant countries to carry out protection work within a unified legal framework.At the same time,we should create an opportunity for China to improve the relevant legal system.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the composing characteristics and drug resistances of pathogens isolated from genital tracts in perinatal period of obstetrics patients from 2008 to 2010,for instructing clinical application of antibiotics reasonably and controlling father the occurrence of nosocomial infection. METHODS A retrospective investigation analysis was made for all the isolated bacteria from genital tracts specimens as well as their drug resistances from 2008 to 2010. RESULTS The results showed that 88 strains of bacterial pathogens were isolated from 2047 detected samples.Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus aglactiae were the most frequently isolated pathogens.G-bacilli and S.aureus and Streptococcus spp were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics and demonstrated multi-drug resistance.The methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA) was 21.7%.The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producing strains in G-bacilli was 17.4%. CONCLUSIONS Inspecting pathogens and studying the composition of pathogens and the trend of their drug resistance are important to rationally select antibiotics,reduce incidence of genital tracts bacterial infection and decrease the occurrence of drug resistant strains in perinatal period,and control the outbreak and prevalence of nosocomial infection.


The authors present a new design of a PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PM‐SynRM) with uneven air‐gap length to improve the power factor and enhance the torque production capability. The rotor structure is modified to properly shift rotor magnetic poles and therefore (i) increases the back‐EMF and the electromagnetic torque, (ii) allows electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque components peak near the same current phase angle. The proposed solution is simple, does not require changing the arrangement of magnets and/or flux barriers and is applicable to all types of PM‐SynRMs. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the extent of which the proposed magnetic pole shifting may impact the resultant torque profile. To assess the level of success, the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed design (e.g. torque, power factor, and back‐EMF) are compared against the baseline structure under the same operating conditions. For verification purposes, Finite Element simulation results are validated via a series of analytical calculations and experimental measurements, and supported with detailed theoretical discussion.


INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to examine whether general practitioner (GP) practice locations in remote and rural areas affected the pattern of direct access echocardiography referral and to assess any variations in echocardiographic findings.

METHODS
All referrals made by all GP practices in the Scottish Highlands over a 36-month period were analysed. Referral patterns were examined according to distance and rurality based on the Scottish Government's Urban-Rural Classification. Reasons for referral and cardiac abnormality detection rates were also examined.

RESULTS
In total, 1188 referrals were made from 49 different GP practices; range of referral rates was 0.3-20.1 per 1000 population with a mean of 6.5 referrals per 1000 population. Referral rates were not significantly different between urban and rural practices after correction for population size. There was no correlation between the referral rates and the distance from the centre (r2=0.004, p=0.65). The most common reason for referral was the presence of new murmur (46%). The most common presenting symptom was breathlessness (44%). Overall, 28% of studies had significant abnormal findings requiring direct input from a cardiologist. There was no clear relationship between referral rates and cardiac abnormality detection rates (r2=0.07, p=0.37). The average cardiac abnormality detection rate was 56%, (range 52-60%), with no variation based on rurality (p=0.891).

CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort, rurality and distance were not barriers to an equitable direct access echocardiography service. Cardiac abnormality detection rates are consistent with that of other studies.


The Research Was Conducted From May To June 2013, Which Consists Of
Two Cycles. Cycle One Consists Of Four Meetings And Cycle Two Consits Of Three
Meetings. Each Cycle Had Five Steps: Identifying The Problem, Planning The Action,
Implementing The Action, Observing The Action, And Reflecting The Action. The
Research Data Were Collected By Using Techniques Of Observation, Interview, Field
Note, And Test (Pre-Test And Post-Test).
The Research Findings Show That Kwl Could Improve Students' Reading
Comprehension And Classroom Situation. The Improvements Of The Students'
Reading Comprehension Are: (1) The Students Were Could Find The Main Idea, (2)
They Could Find The Explicit Information, (3) They Could Find The Implicit
Information, (4) They Could Explaining The Meaning Of The Word, (5) And They
Could Find The Reference.
The Improvements Of Classroom Situation Are: (1) The Students Pay
Attention To The Teacher's Explanation; (2) The Students Are Enthusiatic In Learning
Process; (3) The Students Are Brave To Ask When They Don't Understand The Teachers'
Explanation; (4) The Activity Makes The Students Focus; (5) The Students Can Be
Active, So They Were Not Sleepy.
From The Result Above, It Could Be Concluded That Kwl Could Improve
Students' Reading Comprehension And Improve The Class Situation.


The paper presents the implementation of two nonlinear noise reduction methods applied to speech enhancement. The methods are based on embedding the noisy signal in a high-dimensional reconstructed phase space and applying singular value decomposition to project the signal into a lower dimension. The advantages of these nonlinear methods include that they do not require explicit models of noise spectra and do not have the typical "musical tone" side effects associated with traditional linear speech enhancement methods. The proposed nonlinear methods are compared with traditional speech enhancement techniques, including spectral subtraction, Wiener filtering, and Ephraim-Malah filtering, on example speech utterances with additive white noise for a variety of SNR levels. The results show that the local nonlinear noise reduction method outperforms Wiener filtering and spectral subtraction, but not Ephraim-Malah filtering, as had been suggested by previous studies.


This article presents a detailed comparison of ten precipitation products over the central southwest Asia (CSWA) region. The spatial characteristics and temporal variations of wintertime precipitation over CSWA region are assessed using four gauge‐only [Asian Precipitation – Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), Climate Prediction Center Unified Rain gauge (CPC‐uni), Global Precipitation Climatology Center Full Data Reanalysis (GPCC) and Climate Research Unit (CRU)]; three satellite‐derived (3B42‐V6, 3B42‐V7 and GPCP‐1DD) and three reanalysis [Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), ERA‐Interim and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)] precipitation products. The analysis is performed for two different periods: (1979–2007) for the gauge‐only/reanalyses and (1998–2007) for the satellite‐derived products. Using an ensemble average of four gauge‐only observational data sets as our reference, we carry out comprehensive qualitative assessment of the uncertainties/biases associated with each data set. Additionally, we examine the relationship pattern between CSWA wintertime precipitation and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. In the gauge‐only category, APHRODITE and GPCC perform better than CPC‐uni and CRU data sets in terms of the spatial and temporal variations of skill matrices. Overall, GPCC shows the best performance (including the precipitation sensitivity to ENSO events) and is the preferable observational data set for long‐term climatological analysis over the CSWA region. Among the satellite‐derived precipitation products, 3B42‐V7 displays the most realistic wintertime precipitation distribution pattern when compared to 3B42‐V6 and GPCP‐1DD; however, efforts are needed to further improve the accuracy of satellite‐derived products over the dry arid and semi‐arid areas of CSWA. In the reanalysis category, MERRA's performance is relatively better than CFSR and ERA‐Interim, although significant biases exist in all of the reanalyses due to overestimation of precipitation over the mountainous regions of CSWA.


As computer systems become more complicated, monitoring dataflows in a system becomes important for maintaining its performance. However, because conventional methods of dataflow monitoring are either too fine-grained or too coarse-grained, it is difficult to analyze application-specific performance metrics. In this paper, we propose a dataflow logger with suitable granularity for performance analysis. Our logger is implemented as a Java library, which tracks two types of dataflows: dataflows between objects inside a Java program, and dataflows between a Java object and a row and column in a relational database. That way, our logger can produce dataflow logs with rich semantics about the application's data model. We conduct an experiment with an example system and demonstrate that we can obtain dataflow logs useful for performance analysis. We also conduct detailed overhead analysis of our logger. Although our logger slows down the example system 13 times, we figure out major sources of the overhead. We argue possible solutions to the overhead.


This research aims at describing the constraints in language teaching and learning in comprehending English text materials of the first year students of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pekalongan in 2007/2008 academic year.
A qualitative research is done to describe those constraints. The subject of the research is all students of the first year, librarian, and an English teacher for the first year and the headmaster. The object is the constraints in comprehending reading text materials. The researcher uses three techniques to collect the data, i.e., doing observation, distributing questionnaire, and doing interview. The data in this research are analyzed by applying descriptive qualitative method.
The result of the research shows that the students have constraints in comprehending English text materials. There are some factors that cause the constraints. The first is related to the constraints of language teaching learning focusing on the facility, the teacher's factor, the students' factor, the material and time and space. The second is related to the constraints of English component, focusing on vocabulary, structure and pronunciation.


This article aims to reflect and examine working time in marxist perspective and the fight for the reduction of the workday so critical, as well as the limits of Trade Union struggle, exposing some important theoretical and empirical dimensions that tend to be excluded from the public debate on the matter. We seek to reflect the absence of Trade Union agenda of issues that directly address the flexibility and intensity of work. Analyzing some features about the hiring of workers in the brazilian labor market, demonstrates that there is a great distance between the discourse, the academic reading on the topic and the reality. The reduction of the workday is a multifaceted issue, which features a complex and controversial debate, raising the interest of diverse social actors interested in this story, but which have different conceptions about the debate, due to the heterogeneity of values at stake. It is argued in this paper that the social implications of a policy measure to reduce workday does not guarantee the free time and human emancipation. However, it is understood that this reduction is a historical trend, linked to social and economic development. There are marked differences between the speech Association, the favor by policy measure, the theoretical statements and empirical evidence on the subject. We understand that the struggle of Unions and Federations for 40 hours per week is of great importance to workers, but it is necessary to include on the agenda the question of trade union work intensity. Finally, we focus on the ontological dimension of theory of value from the marxian conception.


The renaissance modes are defined and explained in Chapter 11. The expressive character of the different modes is discussed, and we consider what twenty-first-century musicians can do to harness the power that the modes apparently had for renaissance listeners. The accompanying table presents the modes in notation, highlighting the species of fourths and fifths that make up each mode, and also the final and cadence tones.


FIELD: biotechnology, biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the improved method of large-scale production of thrombin-containing composition of therapeutic purity degree, an excellent safety and stability in storage. Method involves purification of crude thrombin treated with an antiviral composition by ion-exchange chromatography on a single column using sulfalkyl-activated polysaccharide, in part, sulfopropyl-Spherodex ® as ion-exchange medium and increasing concentrations of phosphate buffer as an eluent. After isolation of thrombin from the final eluate phosphate buffer is replaced with stabilizing composition buffer and stabilized thrombin is subjected for an antiviral filtration and optional treatment by dry heat for the further inactivation of viruses. The end product has high specific activity. EFFECT: increased yield of the end product, high specific activity. 13 cl


The maintenance of visual appeal and coherence in the procedural game scene generation is still a difficult problem. Traditional procedural game scene generation algorithms produce samples that show a noticeable resemblance to each other. The proposed algorithm allows us to add diverse game object compositions and increase creativity value in that way. Result diversity is formed by the proposed genetic algorithm modification and MCDM method based on the fitness function. Video game immersion is reached by aesthetic game element pattern composition, and one of the solutions for this issue is to apply automated aesthetic modelling of the generated game levels. In this research, the construction of fitness function was extended by the modelling of aesthetic principles, which were reverse-engineered from Gestalt principles. All rules were implemented by construction of a focal function with a square zone for each matrix cell of the single game scene. Five types of Gestalt rules were modelled and combined into a Pythagorean neutrosophic WASPAS method and the final score calculation algorithm was proposed. The proposed approach to generating game scenes strikes a balance between functionality and aesthetics to provide players with an engaging and immersive gaming experience.


THE "Mechanical philosophy", the doctrine that all phenomena in the physical world can be explained in terms of matter and motion, was the philosophical basis of the "new science" that emerged during the "Scientific Revolution" of the seventeenth century. Its source can be traced to the revival of ancient atomism during the Renaissance. It caught the attention of those philosophers who were not satisfied with, or were opposed to, the peripatetic physical theory, especially in the manner practised by the scholastic followers of Aristotle since the late medieval period. It had undergone significant modification and development in the hands of such philosophers as Rene Descartes (15961650) and Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655), and mainly through their influence the mechanical philosophy came to be accepted by many natural philosophers in the latter halfofthe century.2 The pattern of this acceptance and the nature of exceptions to it has not yet been fully understood, however. In this paper, I shall try to throw some light on this problem by examining the limits and contexts of the acceptance of the mechanical philosophy by Robert Boyle (1627-1691), perhaps its most efficient and successful proponent in the seventeenth century.


Fuel cell powered vehicles have been developed as another alternative to internal combustion engine powered vehicles for some applications including passenger cars, buses, trains, motorcycles, forklifts, electric wheelchairs, electric trolleybuses, medical carts, military engines, personal sports craft, mobility devices and other self propelled equipment. Up to now, many researches have focused on the development of the power module in the Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and the components of these systems such as membranes, bipolar plates, and electrodes. However, our work in this study focuses on operating the integrated fuel cell power module system efficiently for various operating conditions such as pressure, relative humidity and operating modes. In our validation we have utilized PEMFC single cell, with active area geometry 16 cm2 and of 120 cm2. Some results obtained in our study shown significant performance indicators for PEMFC stack (composed of 2 cells and 4 cells in a series) at different humidification levels.


The hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase of vertebrate cells detects external hormonal signals and transduces them across the plasma membrane into changes in the rate of cAMP synthesis. Each of these events--detection, transduction, and cAMP synthesis-involves a distinct class of membrane proteins. Receptors, integral membrane proteins with specific binding sites for endogenous ligands and drugs, detect the signal. Depending upon the type of receptor, the ligand-receptor interaction results in inhibition or stimulation of cAMP synthesis by the catalytic adenylyl cyclase (C)!, an integral mem brane protein whose enzymatic site faces the cytoplasm. A family of GTP binding regulatory (G) proteins conveys information between the liganded receptor and the catalyst. The G-proteins comprise the central element of this signal transduction system. These proteins interact with the receptor-ligand complex, bind GTP, and become activated. They then interact with the catalyst to alter the rate of cAMP synthesis; finally, they terminate their effect on adenylyl cyclase and return to the basal state by hydrolyzing GTP to GDP. Our understanding of


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women over the age of 60. Over the last decade it has become clear that many physiological mechanisms are influenced by female sex hormones. New cardiovascular risk factors and markers are being identified. The changes in cardiovascular risk factors with menopause and hormone replacement therapy are reviewed. Types and routes of hormone replacement therapy and the effect of addition of progestogens are discussed where data are available. Lipids, coagulation, inflammation, endothelin-1 and homocysteine are examined.


Despite socio-political and community efforts to shift the narrative among college and professional sports toward injury disclosure, "toughing it out" narratives continue to impact players and, more specifically, Black players. Symptom nondisclosure narratives disproportionately affect Black athletes' concussion symptom knowledge and willingness to disclose a concussion. The purpose of this study is a call for accountability, fellowship, and active caring of Black college and professional athlete's in order to promote concussion symptom disclosure.

 A literature review of peer-reviewed articles from 2018 to 2022 from PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. Keywords include racial disparities, concussions, identity, and professional and college athletes. Informal analyses were used to identify and analyze themes across articles, including health disparities, concussions, and nondisclosures.

 Black athletes are more likely to under-report concussion symptoms than their white counterparts. Power and privilege within the context of institutionalized racism inform disparities in concussion psychoeducation. Black athlete identity formation within white institutions further informs willingness to report symptoms. Consequently, concussion non-disclosure can put athletes at risk for repetitive head injury, persisting neurocognitive, and psychological deficits.

 Recognizing the role of systemic racism in concussion symptom reporting is critical. Neuropsychologists are responsible for understanding intersectionality, institutional racism, and Black athlete identity. To this end, concussion symptom non-disclosure needs to be conceptualized as suppression of Black athletes' voices and wellbeing. A shift towards fellowship and active caring is needed to understand athlete identity among Black athletes and how these narratives influence symptom disclosure over time.


J. S. Mill's distinction between higher and lower pleasures is often thought to conflict with his commitment to psychological and ethical hedonism: if the superiority of higher pleasures is quantitative, then the higher/lower distinction is superfluous and Mill contradicts himself; if the superiority of higher pleasures is not quantitative, then Mill's hedonism is compromised.


Abstract This article identifies the key human rights issues that emerge for young people in juvenile justice in Australia. While there is a clear framework for respecting the human rights of children within juvenile justice, the article poses the question: To what extent does Australia actually operationalise and comply with these rights in law, policy and practice? In answering, it discusses various national and international reports, legislation, academic and other research and litigation on behalf of children. It identifies substantive and procedural human rights violations affecting young people in juvenile justice, many of which fall disproportionately on two over-represented groups: Indigenous young people, and those with mental health disorders and cognitive disability. While there are review and compliance mechanisms in place, respect for young people's rights within the broad area of juvenile justice remains problematic.


Nothing can put you to sleep faster than a good article on pharmacogenetics. First off it is almost impossible to understand all those words ending with –tide, -ase, etc. that we all learned and immediately forgot when we took our medical boards. Second, it is almost always impossible to figure out the point of the article and how it would actually apply to the actual practice of medicine. Thus, for this discussion I will try to summarize the current literature on this relevant drugs to our practice and present the practical aspects for us as pediatric anesthesiologist.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the log file of korean online dictionary(http://dic.dreamwiz.com/krdic/) to show how to use the log file to analyze which words dictionary users search and to use the result in dictionary update. And we also show the query list to evaluate the online dictionary. We use the Korean online dictionary in korean internet portal site "dreamwiz" for last 5 months. In this article we present previous studies on dictionary users(section 2) and show usefulness of the analysis on log files in online dictionary(section 3) through presenting the query frequency list and comparing it with Modem Korean Word Frequency List.


The research aimed to analyze the metaphors used in the book "Peace Is Every Step: The Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life". The researcher applied Zhang and Wildemuth (2009) a qualitative analysis theory; there are eight steps; (1) prepare the data, (2) define the unit of analysis, (3) develop categories and perform coding, (4) test the coding scheme on text samples, (5) code all the texts, (6) Assess coding, (7) Draw conclusions from the coded data, and (8) Report findings. Afterwards, 25 types of metaphor presented by Adisorn Thammachai (2010) was employed as analysis model. On investigating metaphors, the whole chapters of the book were read carefully then grouped them into appropriate metaphorical types. To proof the metaphorical accuracy and its types, the results were validated by two experts. Then, the revision was carried out and categorized into groups before describing in narrative style for summary and reporting. The findings showed that 112 metaphors within 17 types were found. The top three metaphors were Simple or Tight Metaphor (17.21%), Extended Metaphor (12.29%), and Root Metaphor (10.65%). The rarest metaphors were Dormant Metaphor, Structural Metaphor, and Dead Metaphor (0.81% in each metaphor).


Consider a sales contract, called a swing contract, between a seller and a buyer concerning some underlying commodity, with the contract specifying that during some future time interval the buyer will purchase an amount of the commodity between some specified minimum and maximum values. The purchase price and capacity at each time point is also prespecified in the contract. Assuming a random market price process and ignoring the possibility of storage, we look for the maximal expected net gain for the buyer of such a contract, and the strategy that achieves this maximal expected net gain. We study the effects that various contract constraints and market price processes have on the optimal strategy and on the contract value. We show how we can reduce the general swing contract to a multiple exercising of American (Bermudan) style options. Also, in important special cases, we give explicit expressions for the optimal contract value function and the optimal strategy.


Purpose
This research studies the impact of introducing distributed generators (DGs) into a distribution network. The aim of this paper is to optimally site DGs based on economic, environmental and reliability indices are presented.

Design/methodology/approach
The considered network was modelled by using the network's line parameters and capacity of the load bus with the help of Power System Analysis Toolbox. The location of the DG is based on voltage stability index and power loss reduction index. The DG energy sources considered are the diesel generator, solar photo-voltaic (PV) and wind generator, and the objectives were to minimize cumulative cost while maximizing reliability of the network. The Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System was used for the mathematical modelling.

Findings
The obtained results in the cases of introducing renewable energy into a network improves network performance. The benefits of renewable energy on the distribution network measured in terms of electricity production cost, gas emission cost, fuel cost and value of energy not supplied were positive. The research also showed that the total benefit of renewable energy reduces as the price of the renewable generators increases.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a new approach to determining the optimal location of DG for reducing line losses and improved voltage profile. A new cost modelling function based on external grid power transfer cost, technical losses and cost because of the various energies source is also introduced.


The effects of pyrolysis temperature,residence time,particle size and heating rate on characters of pyrolysis gas of Eupatiorium adenophorum stem in fixed bed was investigated.The results showed that,H2 content,which was up to 70%,increased with the promotion of pyrolysis temperature,residence time,particle size as well as the decrease of heating rate.H2 content is much higher than that got from several already used biomasses;CO content increased with the promotion of temperature;CH4 content declined with the increase of temperature,residence time and heating rate.Heat value of gas was about 10000~13500kJ/m3,which is middle heat value,decreased with the increase of temperature,residence time,particle size and the promotion of heating rate increased first then decreased.