The paper examines La Foresta-Radice-Labirinto (1981), a fairy tale which is one of Italo Calvino's latest and lesser known works. In what can be regarded as his testament, Calvino looks back on and revives the ecological commitment of his literary production and his attention to the complex relationship between nature and culture, which has been a prominent leitmotif of his writings (from The Baron in the Trees to The Cloud of Smog, and from the adventures of Marcovaldo to the Invisible Cities). The paper offers a detailed symbological and eco-critical analysis of the text, in order to examine an 'ecology of mind' as developed by Calvino, invariably sensitive to hybridisation and to the ongoing and often difficult relation between historical and environmental mutations. In doing so, the paper lists and explores the construction of images-icons and figures-types that make up what Calvino calls 'a pedagogy of imagination'. The paper focuses on Calvino's dedication to education through fairy tales as a primary form of experience, capable of conveying universal messages to a young readership, and on his longing for an authentic exposure to the environment, where getting lost means finding oneself and where chaos leads to a new order, founded on an ethical search for a more harmonious union of city, human beings and nature.


This paper develops a new site-oriented Web proxy caching system . The core of this system is the site-oriented cache structure. Compared with the traditional document-oriented structure, it uses less memory, improves the administration of local cache space, and supports intelligent process better. At last, it discusses some key problems(module structure, algorithm and important data structures) in the programming of the system.


This paper studies a build-to-order supply chain (BTO-SC), which consists of one contract manufacturer (CM) and one original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The CM commits to the delivery time and the OEM determines the quality level and the selling price of the supply chain product. We present a three-stage Stackelberg game model and identify a Nash equilibrium solution for the decisions of the CM and the OEM. We conduct a sensitivity analysis to provide insights into the roles of the CM and the OEM. Our main research findings are as follows: The CM's profit increases while the OEM's profit first decreases and then increases (non-monotonic) as the committed delivery time sensitivity of demand increases. Interestingly, this study finds that the OEM's profit decreases, whereas the CM's profit first increases and then decreases (non-monotonic) in the unit production subsidy paid by the OEM to the CM. Our work shows that the high-quality and fast-delivery product policy is worthwhile in a quality-sensitive or delivery time-sensitive market, which leads to a triple-win outcome. Counterintuitively, a high production capacity is not always advantageous for the supply chain product, even for the CM.


An innovative self-heat recuperation technology has been developed for heating and cooling thermal processes, in which not only latent heat but also sensible heat are circulated in a feed−effluent heat exchanger of the thermal process by compressing the effluent stream without any heat addition. Applying this technology to the thermal processes, the amount of energy required was determined using a commercial process simulation tool, PROII. The proposed self-heat recuperation technology, in which the heat of an effluent stream is recuperated and reused for feed stream heating by gas and/or vapor recompression, was found to drastically reduce the energy consumption.


The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. This definition clearly includes pain states not associated with tissue damage, such as headache and phantom pain. These and other chronic pain conditions have been treated with nonopioid analgesics, such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants.

In 1990, the World Health Organization proposed an analgesic ladder for the treatment of cancer pain. The first step of the ladder calls for the use of acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with or without an adjuvant medication. The second step suggests a weak opioid analgesic with or without adjuvants, and the third step suggests a strong opioid analgesic with or without adjuvant drugs. The use of this analgesic ladder has been extrapolated to noncancer pain states, but little is known regarding the efficacy of combinations of analgesics, antidepressants, or anticonvulsants.

This report summarizes some data on the efficacy of nonopioid analgesics in various pain syndromes.


Climate change is challenging food production worldwide. We propose a strategy to accelerate the improvement of a nutritious resilient crop to meet the future food production demands in a changing climate.


A conversational agent for entertainment and engagement requires the ability to maintain coherent conversations. We describe the use of semantic relatedness to select the next conversational fragment that an agent utters, to maximise dialogue coherence or to possibly suggest new directions for a dialogue. We compare our approach, using a specfic semantic relatedness metric, to an existing nearest-context mechanism based on T F x IDF for selecting fragments to continue a conversation. Evaluation with human judges shows that use of semantic relatedness provides improved coherence across a sample collection of generated conversations.


For pt.I see ibid., no.7, p.1359 (1977). Previously the authors presented theoretical images of small, edge dislocation loops in an isotropic BCC crystal. The results demonstrated the wide range of image contrast that is obtained as a function of loop geometry and location in the crystal and diffracting conditions. In the case of loops located within the layer structure, it was shown that image symmetry is a sensitive function of modulus g.b and loop orientation. Image contrast was classified into four basic types corresponding to (1) mod g.b mod =0 (loops inclined), (2) mod g.b mod =0 (loops approximately edge on), (3) mod g.b mod 3. The authors now explore the practical usefulness of this approach to the determination of Burgers vector directions of small loops in irradiated molybdenum and copper crystals. More specifically, a range of examples of experimental images in these two metals have been selected for comparison with the theoretical predictions.


This is a study on international news flow based on a computerized analysis of foreign news coverage of national leaders in seven liberal democracies (Canada, Germany, France, Israel, Italy, the U.K., and the U.S.), encompassing a period of 30 years (N = 266,177). The results attest to a longitudinal trend in the coverage of foreign leaders in the political media of three countries—Canada, the U.S., and the U.K.: the tone is becoming increasingly negative. Two main factors account for these variations. The first is the level of political personalization in foreign coverage: Greater focus on foreign leaders is positively associated with increasing negativity toward these leaders. The second factor relates to proximity between countries: Negativity was found to be inversely and significantly associated with value and geographic proximity and to be inversely associated, with marginal significance, with political and economic proximity.


The soluble sugar content and relative electric conductivity were analyzed after 36 h under 6℃ and 15℃ low temperature treatments on rice seedlings in phytotran.The result showed that soluble sugar content could be decreased and relative electric conductivity was increased under low temperature especially heavy low temperature condition.In another hand,great difference was found among varieties.


The two of many long-held leadership practices that are contradicted by recent scientific research are Do you praise your employees before criticising them? and Do you closely monitor unproductive employees? Christopher J Shen and Simon Morris have examined more than 20,000 articles to come up with 950 reasons not to believe contemporary leadership theories.


Although reported as a slow growing species, to date information regarding nutritional dynamics of blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, is limited, especially during ongrowing phase. This study determined the effects of different feeding levels on growth response, body composition, and energy expenditure of blackspot seabream juveniles (initial weight = 64 g). Fish were allocated in nine indoor tanks (15 fish per tank) and fed a basal diet twice daily at increasing levels (2.5, 3.3, and 4.1 g feed/kg0.8/d) for 138 d. Growth response decreased with decreasing feeding levels, but only at 2.5 g feed/kg0.8/d (P < 0.001). Differences in growth rates were positively correlated with body lipid content (r2 = 0.90). Net protein utilization decreased with each increase in feeding level. The energy requirement for zero growth (maintenance) and the estimated energy loss on starvation were calculated as 22.6 and 17.9 kJ/kg0.8/d, respectively. The energy cost for protein and lipid gain was calculated as 3.8 and 1.4 kJ/kJ energy deposited, respectively. This study suggested that blackspot seabream may grow slower than the other close-related species because of its higher demand of dietary protein energy in favor of lipid deposition.


O Thou, who art the hope of all the ends of the earth, and on whom the eyes of all do wait, who crownest the year with Thy goodness, who openest Thy hand and fillest all things living with plenteousness, every day do we give thanks unto Thee, and praise Thy name for ever and ever, through Jesus Christ our Lord.-~V. K. We praise Thy name that we have seen Thy promises fulfilled in the fulness of the earth. Thou


The modern business environment becomes increasingly globalized and tightly packed and this exerts pressure on the organisations to react to events much faster than before. In such dynamic conditions, sharing up-to-date information, synchronizing data and ensuring access to strategic and decision-supportive knowledge are a top priority of critical importance. As it is known, these activities are carried out by the enterprise application and integration infrastructure, which is facing a large set of different and serious issues due to modern organizations' size and characteristics. These issues, combined with the various business context and models, related to different organizations and economic sectors led to development of a wide variety of software integration approaches and techniques, which applicability depends on the context of the business case. Knowledge of different software integration approaches and their business applicability can reduce software research, development and integration costs in large organizations and can give them access to more up-to-date and detailed business and market information for gaining competitive advantage


PURPOSE: A portable terminal including a touch screen and content display method are provided to enable a user to effectively select content by enabling the user to easily control the content. CONSTITUTION: A touch screen(110) includes a display unit(113) which displays content and a touch sensor(115) which senses a touch signal for the content. When the movement of the touch signal is sensed by the touch sensor, a control unit(120) calculates display change physical quantity according to the movement of the touch signal. When the pause of the touch movement is sensed, the control unit successively changes and displays the displayed content by controlling the display unit. The display change quantity is the speed or the distance of the touch movement.


The change in cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of thin ZnS films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs(001) has been examined by a low-temperature CL measurement system combined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that structural defects such as dislocations and stacking faults formed in the ZnS films seriously affect CL intensity within a distance of 200 nm from the interface, and their effect becomes negligibly small at distances of more than 600 nm. The relative intensities of the exciton-associated emissions are small in comparison with the non-exciton-associated emissions for the thin samples that have relatively large stacking fault densities. This fact suggests that the stacking faults accompanying the partial dislocations suppress the generation of excitons. Moreover, the peak of the non-exciton-associated emission shifts markedly to long wavelengths, as the epitaxial layer thickness becomes less than 200 nm. The peak shift is attributed to the internal stress change in the ZnS film due to the stress caused by the lattice mismatch and the relaxation by the introduced defects.


Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were directly formed on graphene nanosheets through in situ thermal decomposition of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and were anchored tightly on the graphene surface. During the charge–discharge process, graphene nanosheets served as a three-dimensional conductive network for the NiO nanoparticles. The lithiation-induced strain was naturally accommodated because of the constraint effect of graphene. Thus, pulverization of NiO nanoparticles was effectively prevented.


According to the ideological individualism that accompanied the laissez-faire policies of the nineteenth century, a 'free market' allowed individuals to realise their ability to make wealth and, conversely, poverty was to be explained in terms of individuals' failures to 'get on'. When confronted by large scale economic hardship the response, though, was not to say that large numbers of working people were 'feckless'. Instead, the response was to modify the individualist conception of the economy, by making a distinction between (a) the 'deserving poor' who were poor because of a difficult situation, and who would eventually work their way out of poverty; and (b) the 'undeserving poor', who brought poverty upon themselves, by being unable to work in gainful employment. Thus the notion of a class 'under' the working class developed as a way to explain long-term poverty in terms which blamed the individuals concerned. Whilst it was recognised that capitalism (or at least the form of capitalism operating at the time) may create economic distress for individuals who did work hard, the belief in laisssez-faire could be defended by saying that individuals who were not feckless would escape poverty, whilst the feckless would always be in self-inflicted poverty. So, for the working class/deserving poor, poverty would be caused by capitalism, and overcome by individuals, whereas for the underclass/undeserving poor, poverty would be caused by individual failings, and would be impossible to overcome. In which case laissez-faire could be justified along the lines that individuals were ultimately responsible for their fate, and if nascent welfare were increased then this would only support a feckless underclass. These views can be illustrated by turning to the works of two nineteenth century commentators, viz. Mayhew and Booth. Mayhew, in the mid-nineteenth century, talked of a 'substratum' which was distinct from the working class. After recognising that casual and sweated labour in London would create conditions whereby work was insecure and gruelling, Mayhew made a distinction between casual labourers and vagrants. The former may experience poverty but could work their way out of this, whilst the latter brought poverty upon themselves. This latter group were innately feckless: the vagrants, i.e. the substratum, could could not support themselves because they were a biologically inadequate sub-race. In trying to distinguish such a group, Mayhew listed some physical and social traits, such as 'high cheek bones and protruding jaws', 'slang language', 'repugnance to continuous labour', and 'love of cruelty' (Mayhew in Himmelfarb, cited in Morris 1994:17). Similarly, in the late 1880s, Booth carried out a survey of London which found that one third of the population lived in poverty, including members of the labouring poor. This could have challenged any notion of an underclass of feckless individuals, as it would seem that economicstructural factors were the cause of poverty. However Booth drew a different conclusion. He argued that there existed a 'residuum' constituted by feckless individuals who would corrupt workers. He described the residuum as '[o]ccasional labourers, street-sellers, loafers, criminals and semi-criminals [... who] degrade whatever they touch and as individuals are incapable of improvement' (Keating cited in Morris 1994: 21-2). The notion of a biologically distinct underclass persisted into the twentieth century, although by the 1960s and 1970s biology was replaced by 'culture'. In the USA the debate turned upon the notion of a 'culture of poverty', whilst in the UK the debate turned upon the notion of a 'cycle of deprivation'. In both cases the argument was that poverty was caused by a situation whereby children were socialised into 'deviant' norms. The argument was that children would be brought up by single mothers who could not discipline the children, or in dysfunctional families; the children would be socialised into expecting welfare support instead of supporting themselves through work; and given the lack of any sense of self-responsibility (from supporting oneself via work), the children might turn to crime when older. Such a view was famously championed by Keith Joseph, who described how there was an 'intergenerational transmission of poverty', caused by inadequate socialisation leading to unemployment and unstable families, which continued the dysfunctional rearing of children (Bagguley and Mann 1992:121). The purpose in making such arguments was not now to distinguish a deserving from an undeserving poor because, whilst there were still poor people, it was assumed that modern welfare had removed extreme poverty. Indeed, it was thought that such 'generous' welfare had encouraged the development of an underclass. In which case, the purpose of the culturalist arguments was to argue for reduced welfare and increased policing of benefits, together with a 'crackdown' on crime, to prevent young underclass men using crime to avoid work. In other words, the culturalist arguments supported new right politics, based on the neoliberal emphasis on 'markets' and the neo-conservative emphasis on law and order.


This study examines a cultural practice of 'remembering' – bei ('auditory memorisation'), which plays a prominent role in the learning experience of Chinese people. It first conducts a detailed semantic analysis of bei , using natural semantic metalanguage to reveal a culture-internal view of and belief about memory formation and learning, and contrasts it with Chinese ji ('try to remember/ write down') and with memorise and learn by heart in English. It then explores linguistic, cognitive and cultural reasons that could explain such a practice. Finally, it addresses the question of why bei , which exhibits some key features of knowledge transmission in oral cultures, is so prized by the Chinese people, possessors of a long written history.


Apart from helping students to master the theories and knowledges related to the subject,the teaching of Chinese ancient literature also commits itself to the task of carrying on the national spirit and rethinking the national history.It shoulders the task of training students to be healthy with moral characters and guiding them to face life with strong determinations of life and seek for the meaning of life in the busy and noisy world.Ancient literature in normal universities and colleges is the most important course for the training of qualified high school Chinese teachers and it relates closely to the quality of high school Chinese teaching.To fulfill this task efficiently,the teaching of Chinese ancient literature should reform its teaching methods and change the traditional teaching-based course into the learning-based one,to create"the mutual understanding"class and change the classroom from the teacher's lecture room to the students' learning paradise so as to make the classroom a place for dialogues between teachers and students.At the same time,research-based learning should be introduced into the teaching to develop students' ability and correct learning attitude in order to help them to cross the gap between the classic and the modern.We should also make ancient literature teaching really face the society and the future as well,walk out of the cycle of being intoxicated with self-satisfaction and self-appreciation,realize the combination of knowledge-teaching and ability-cultivation,and make the ancient literature more alive in modern speeches.


The capabilities of user interface design tools can be enhanced by providing high-level design control throughout the user interface presentation design process. Current user interface builders provide only low-level assistance, because they have knowledge of neither the application, nor the principles by which interface elements are combined effectively. In this research, a framework that unites the essential knowledge components needed for effective user interface presentation design was developed. The framework consists of an application model (both a data model and a control model), a design process model that supports top-down iterative development, and graphic design knowledge that is used both to place dialog box elements such that their application dependent logical relationships are visually reinforced and to control design symmetry and balance. To demonstrate the framework's viability, we have constructed a tool based on encapsulated design knowledge that establishes high-level style preferences and provides expert assistance to create the user interface presentation design automatically.
The design process architecture developed in this research incorporates models of the three major design tasks of user interface presentation design: (1) content organization; (2) interface object selection; and (3) presentation design layout. A designer is guided through each stage of the design process. The design tool provides high-level design control by allowing a designer to specify the high-level preferences prior to each design activity and by allowing a designer to modify automated design decisions interactively after each design activity. By working with the design tool in a cooperative manner, a designer is able to constrain and explore the design space to automatically generate menu and dialog box presentation that can be further refined until a presentation that meets a designer's needs is generated. The underlying knowledge base is transformed automatically at each stage until the final presentation design representation is generated. The effectiveness of the design tool comes from the knowledge base representation of various stages of the interface design process and embedded design knowledge that supplements a designer's knowledge.


Some of the physical and chemical properties of several characteristic plant viruses have been analysed recently and the results are presented here. The viruses used are as follows: melon necrotic spot virus. a spherical virus composed of a single particle component and one non•segmented, smgle•Stranded RNA; mulberry ringspot virus, a ~pherkal virus composed of three. particle componems _and. two-segmented, single·stranded RNA; rice gall dwarf virus, a sphenral virus composedot a ,angle particle component and twelve·segmented, double·stramkd RNA; soybean chlorotic mottle viru;.;, a spherical virus comixised of a single particle• component and one non•segmented, double·stranded DNA. . The comparative properties of the viruses and the methodology applied to the analyses arc discussed.


The objective of the culminating experience was to evaluate the effectiveness of Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County's (PHDMC) Level One Food Safety Certification class. Pretraining and post-training quiz score data from approximately 692 participants were examined. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate change in scores, overall, on individual questions, and by job responsibility. There was significant improvements in quiz scores both aggregately (20.6%) and also by individual questions, except for question one which assessed how people could become ill from improper food safety. The temperature related questions were answered incorrectly the most but also showed the most improvement. Owners of food service operations had the highest mean pre-training quiz scores (82.0%) but restaurant servers had the highest mean post-training scores (96.9%) and showed the most improvement (20.0%). This culminating experience has shown that PHDMCs Level One Food Safety Certification class was effective in increasing of participants from pre to post training.


We presented an improvement method of reconstructed absorption distribution in data storage medium with absorbers embedded in artificial scattering medium. Numerical results showed that thresholding operation reduced dramatically the size of the reconstructed absorption width.


A significant part of a child's initiative speech in a preschool institution is associated, as a rule, with his psychophysiological state, often with discomfort, With the state of affairs in the group, in particular, with violations of order, with thoughts of home and references to what the child did at home, with a desire to share my information about the world, etc. Communication in the second language can become natural only when the construction of such remarks becomes accessible to the child. Usually, teachers who organize communication with children during classes in a second language include in their speech only remarks related to the organization of some types of children's activities and expressing the teacher's assessment of its results. Expressions related to the requests of children are not included, statements reflecting the real course of the children's play, remarks in which the child asks the adult for confirmation of the correctness of their actions, etc. These situations are constant in English lessons with children, but always take place in their native language. In the same time due to their frequency, emotional significance for the child, they can be learned very quickly by children and in the target language.


The development of International non-governmental organizations is an important part of the positive role in the future of the management of social and public affairs.It has in the field of AIDS prevention and control among the highlights,especially in Yunnan Province.However,the international non-governmental organizations operating mechanism of the self in the face of the different geographical and cultural background,there are dilemma.Therefore,this paper conducted a study and discussion.


The present invention provides a system and method for active propulsion of a device such as an endoscope along a cavity such as a human body lumen. The propulsion system can be attached to and provided with a commercially available endoscope, and moves the endoscope within the lumen by pulling the endoscope forward. The present invention further provides a method of diagnosing a disease or abnormality using the apparatus according to the present invention and treating the disease or abnormality.


Angel and Big Joe, written and directed by Bert Salzman, is a short dramatic film available from Learning Corporation of America as part of its Learning to be Human series. It would appear that the film is intended for use in advanced elementary and secondary school classes to stimu late students to a consideration of several social, humanistic, and racial issues. From its style and clearly delineated structure, it is apparent that Angel and Big Joe is designed for instructional rather than entertainment purposes. What makes Angel and Big Joe far more interesting than many instructional films is that its text yields readings on a number of different levels, each containing a statement about an im portant humanistic issue. This complex structure is held in place by a rather straightforward story about the relationship between a young Chicano boy, Angel (played by Dadi Pi?ero), and a telephone company lineman from New Jersey whom the boy calls Big Joe (Paul Sorvino). At the most obvious narrative level, the text renders a simple story about the evolving re lationship between these two people. Angel, his mother, and his younger brother have stayed behind in a migrant workers' bungalow while Angel's father has gone to Arizona to find work. They anxiously await his telephone call. Big Joe is working on a telephone line repair nearby. A technological accident brings the boy and the man together when Angel discovers that the pay telephone outside his dwelling does not work. At the urging of his mother, Angel goes to Big Joe and asks for his help. Reluctantly, Big Joe agrees to fix the telephone so that the crucial call from the father can be received. Angel asks Big Joe for employment doing odd jobs, but the man offers nothing. A few weeks later, Big Joe sees Angel on a street corner gathering small change by washing the windows of cars stopped at an intersection. Big Joe suggests that Angel help with the repair of a roof. While he is working, Angel notices the frame of an unfinished greenhouse on Joe's property, which the man explains had been started with his son Peter who is now in the Navy. Joe and Angel join forces to finish the greenhouse and to stock it with roses. Their relation ship takes on the character of a father/son interaction and slowly they begin to reveal themselves to one another. The roses grow, are harvested, and sold to a florist. Joe offers Angel the chance to become a foster son by staying behind when his family moves, but the boy, after considerable deliberation, decides to leave for Arizona with his mother and brother. A closer reading of this rather spare narrative reveals that Angel and Big Joe contains a number of subtexts, each offering an important subject worthy of any student's consideration. Although I do not wish to explicate each possible level of reading, I believe that some are worth noting. Among the most clearly discernable levels of meaning are these: (1) Chicano vs. middle class white American, (2) father/son, (3) family loyalty vs. economic opportunity, (4) adult vs. child, (5) isolation vs. human contact, (6) bureaucracy vs. human needs, (7) technology vs. agrarianism. The most obvious among the subtexts is the paradigm of Chicano versus middle class American. Through the use of a rather obvious iconography, this dichotomy is established early and continues insistently throughout the film. Angel is Hispanic in appearance and is bilingual. The family is poor and the relationships among family members very close. Big Joe is white, middle class, an owner of property. At first he dismisses the boy, whose pleas for assistance do not significantly register upon him. Big Joe cannot understand the boy's pronunciation or spell ing of his last name. He mistakes "Diaz" for "Diac." Eventually, the two overcome their ethnic differences as they perceive the basic humanity alive in each. Big Joe shares and enjoys Angel's


The visual communication has reached a point of becoming a lively area in this new era. The main challenge for implementing video communication system is accessible bandwidth of the network. Usually this necessary bandwidth is not enough for the deployment of enormous amount of video data


Gene therapy vehicles must be engineered to overcome numerous barriers that limit delivery efficiency. These barriers arise at every step of the delivery process, including the transit of the vector from injection to a cell surface, re ceptor binding and uptake, intracellular trafficking, and nuclear entry. The gene transfer properties of the highly promising adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector at each step are determined by its capsid structure. Previous capsid modifications that alter AAV tropism, as well as the existence of multiple AAV serotypes, suggests that the AAV capsid is reasonably plastic. We have taken advantage of this remarkable capsid plasticity to generate a large mutant AAV library


In this paper, the author attemps to develop a general framework of civic education in light to a general theory of citizenship and according the recents contributions of political philosophy in the liberal-communitarian debate. The argument of the paper focus in two basic dimensions of civic education: the moral dimension, linked with the education of civic virtue, and the cognitive dimension, related with the idea of political judgment and the representative thinking.


Abstract Background: Glutamate may decline with age (or illness course) in schizophrenia at a greater rate than the psychiatrically healthy population as suggested by a meta-analysis. However, no studies have specifically addressed this question. Therefore, we investigated glutamate levels with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in younger and older participants with schizophrenia in 2 separate studies with differing samples and methods. Regions strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia-related disorders, the anterior cingulate and the medial temporal lobe, were investigated. Methods: MR scanning was conducted on a 3T Siemens Tim Trio equipped with a 32-channel head coil. One hundred and sixty-seven participants completed Study 1, and 86 participants completed Study 2. For Study 1, spectra were acquired from the anterior cingulate using phase rotation STEAM (PR-STEAM) (13,14): TR/TM/TE = 2000/10/6.5 ms, NEX = 128, and phases: φ1 = 135°, φ2 = 22.5°, φ13 = 112.5°, φADC = 0° and a water reference (NEX = 16). Glutamate and glutamine were quantified. For Study 2, spectra were acquired from the medial temporal lobe (i.e., hippocampus) and parietal lobe using a PRESS sequence (TR/TE = 2000, 30 ms, NEX = 256 for hippocampus and 128 for parietal and a water reference NEX = 16). Patients were evaluated for psychopathology, and all participants completed cognitive testing with a focus on attention and working memory for Study 1 and relational memory for Study 2. Results: For Study 1, results revealed significant age (P < .001) and diagnosis (P = .001) effects for glutamate such that glutamate was lower in participants with schizophrenia compared to controls and in older versus younger participants. There was also a significant age effect (P = .007) for glutamine such that glutamine levels increased with age in both the groups. Higher anterior cingulate glutamate was related to better attention (P < .001) and working memory (P = .04). For Study 2, hippocampal glutamate was lower in older but not younger participants with schizophrenia (P = .03, Diagnosis × Age interaction). Parietal glutamate was lower in participants with schizophrenia irrespective of age (P = .013). Better relational memory performance was related to higher levels of parietal glutamate (P < .01). Conclusion: Participants with schizophrenia were distinguished by lower anterior cingulate and parietal glutamate levels, but there was no evidence of accelerated glutamate aging in these brain regions. Lower hippocampal glutamate levels observed in older participants with schizophrenia suggests that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to aging in schizophrenia. Glutamatergic interventions targeted at increasing levels in the anterior cingulate and parietal cortex and halting the decline in the hippocampus may improve cognitive function and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.


With the mission of introducing engineering early in the undergraduate curriculum, the freshman engineering course has developed the following goals: (1) Introduce an engineering approach for problemsolving through team projects; (2) Demonstrate the importance of graphical, oral, and written communication skills; (3) Incorporate the skill oriented tusks, such as analysis and interpretation of experimental dat+ into design projects. Essential skills taught in the freshman engineering course are: graphical presentation including sketching and solid modeling, use of engineering principles with physics and math for analysis, construction and testing of working prototypes, and documentation of the solution. Students are also instructed on how to manage their projects and work in teams.


The small private gardens represented by Fenyang villa in Hangzhou,based on the succeeding to Chinese traditional garden building art,embody in their courtyard layout the axes planning ideas in West traditional gardens.Through the analysis of the four main garden axes by using modern design ideas and a contemporary explanation of designers design ideas,pointed out in the paper is the practicality of the application of rationalist planning ideas in Chinese ancient gardens design.


Thesis now published as a book refer to Puckey, Adrienne, Trading Cultures: A History of the Far North, ISBN 978-1-86969-454-8, published by Huia, 2011. Call Number: 995.12 P97


To provide theoretical basis for physical education and health education in colleges and universities the present situation of the sports consciousness and sports behaviors of the obesity undergraduates in colleges and universities was investigated by questionnaires. The investigation was made in the institutions of higher learning.It was indicated that the entire level of sports consciousness and the sports behaviors of the obesity undergraduates were lower than those of the normal undergraduates. It was concluded that the cultivation of the sports consciousness and sports behaviors of the obesity undergraduates should be strengthened. Meanwhile, the instruction of health and measures for preventing from obesity should also be intensified.


Optical absorption of amorphous cadmium oxide in the visible region is discussed by considering the band-gap shift in the light of the Burstein–Moss model. Moreover, the influence of oxygen partial pressure is discussed.


and Nd: single crystals have been grown developed Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method and the crystals were measured on optical properties. and Nd: single crystal were transparent, high quality due to homogeneity of surface temperature of the melt and stability of meniscus during crystal growth. In transmittance and absorption spectra, Nd: single crystals had absorption peaks at wavelengths of 532, 593, 753, 808, 888 though single crystal had a broad transmittance at wavelength ranging from 340 to 1000nm. Also, Nd: single crystals had emissions of energy at range of 800~900 nm in photoluminescence (PL) spectrum.


Double fillerless wire TIG is used for the welding of 022Cr11Ti steel vent pipe joints.The experimental show that the welding parameters may take strong effects on the morphology and tensile strength.The quality of the weld surface is better when the dual welding torch current is in the 90~130 A range but the jointing grain may grow in some degree.With the increase of welding current, the morphology of joint is changed from the columnar crystal to axialite combined bilateral columnar crystal,and the with the decrease of R_m,the tensilefracture position is varied as following:from HTHAZ to welding and then to HTHAZ.The stronger tensile strength of the welding joint is obtained when the dual welding torch currents are 120 A and 90 A respectively,while the R_m is 376.81 MPa.The cracking of joint is greatly improved.


Novel solid-state qubits have a lot to offer for quantum information processing because of the potential simplicity of engineering quantum computational hardware similar to modern silicon-based electronics. This work presents optical and electron-spin properties of a novel germanium-vacancy defect in diamond. The defect center combines high brightness and exceptional spectral stability with microwave and optical access to electron spin. The combination of a spin-\textonehalf{} qubit and an optical interface makes possible of the germanium-vacancy defect in scalable quantum networks.


suitable for ceramometal art for the preparation of dental restorations with ceramic inlay alloy consisting of: ** (See formula) **


An investigation of genera Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs and Micrasterias C.Agardh from an Amazon floodplain lake of the Negro river Basin was undertaken. The samples were collected using a plankton net in four stations on the Tupe Lake and one station near a lake on the Negro river. The species were identified and described on the basis of morphological and morphometrical characteristics. A total of 12 species were identified, five species of Euastrum genus (E. evolutum var. perornatum; E. gemmatum var. monocyclum; E. ornans; E. sinuosum; E. spinulosum), and seven of Micrasterias genus (M. borgei; M. radiata var. brasiliensis; M. torreyi; M. laticeps var. acuminata; M. mahabuleshwarensis var. amazonensis; M. rotata var. rotata; M. siolii). All species, except M. radiata Hassal var. brasiliensis Gronblad, were found in the Negro river; on the other hand, only seven species were found in the Tupe lake, three of Euastrum and four of Micrasterias.


Normal development and imaging characteristics of the placenta and membranes are discussed. Commonly observed placenta abnormalities are reviewed including placenta previa, abruption, placenta accreta, macroscopic lesions, primary neoplasms, and developmental variations, i.e. succenturiate lobes/ placenta membranacea. The umbilical cord and membranes are discussed in the second portion of this article with emphasis on two-vessel cords, umbilical cord masses, and amniotic sheets. Some of the newer sonographic techniques (translabial and transvaginal scanning) have led to improved diagnostic accuracy in several placental, uterine, and fetal conditions, and those approaches are discussed in this article, primarily with respect to placenta previa. Color and duplex Doppler sonography can often be used to increase the sonologist's confidence in a diagnosis and narrow the list of possibilities. Additionally. Doppler sonography may be helpful to improve sonographic sensitivity in the difficult diagnoses of placenta accreta or vasa previa.


At the outset of this paper, the authors set out to present the current balance of power in the Arctic region. The paper was structured to achieve two subordinate objectives: assess the present Russia-NATO balance of power in the Arctic; and analyse the level of ambition that Russian investment in the region can support. A key finding that emerges from the research is the degree to which the Arctic is a region in which a balance of power exists, but is heavily tilted towards offence. In particular, the weaknesses of both sides over the defensive components of subsurface warfare render aggressive submarine activity an increasingly appealing option for NATO. This dynamic extends to the surface, however, with NATO paying a heavier price for maintaining a reactive posture than adopting a forward maritime posture. The regional balance of power is also based on temporal and geographical factors. In the Western Arctic and the High North, where the bulk of Russia's military and economic interests lie, it appears to have effective escalation dominance. On the ground, in the air and, in many cases, at sea, Russian forces can achieve a dominant position, at least in the early stages of a conflict. The ability of Russian submarines to penetrate NATO barriers will make the reinforcement of the High North difficult, should conflict erupt there. If NATO has sufficient warning times to build up to the force levels seen during Exercise Trident Juncture and demanded by the NRI, by contrast, the balance of power is more contested, the Alliance enjoying offensive advantages but struggling when Russian forces take the operational initiative. Russia's position in the central and eastern parts of the Arctic is more tenuous. While it can exert a significant level of influence over the NSR, Russia's air-defence network here is less dense than on the Kola Peninsula. This could be crucial should NATO choose to escalate horizontally using US strategic bombers. In the eastern parts of the Arctic, a relatively thin Russian air and sea defence network would be vulnerable to operations from Alaska. In both cases, this might


to restore lost geopolitical domination. To internal political factors that led to such a strategy, we attributed the fragmented and vague social identity of the Russian population, excessive paternalism, permanent social depression, national intolerance, national heterogeneity of the territory, and the need of the population of social justice through the aggressive and public satisfaction of imperial reflections. These factors were due to the development of the economy and were formed under the influence of information propaganda conducted by the political elite within the country. It is substantiated that in its foreign political activity, the Russian Federation is guided by aggressive realism, implementing in foreign policy a strategy of flexible attack with a combination of « soft » and « hard » forces depending on the region and interests pursued by the Russian Federation towards which the international system returned to multipolarity. that colonized them far more than with other countries. Zimbabwe has got strong ties with Britain and Namibia has got strong ties with Germany. Over the years, the efficiency of Zimbabwe and Namibia foreign policy has been undermined by conflict. The study reveals the development in Namibia and Zimbabwe is attributed to their relations with other countries of the world. Mainly, in the areas of finding market for locally made products and in the aspects of attracting foreign investors. A major issue that jets itself into the foreign policy agenda of both of these countries is the issue of security both domestically and internationally. However, the reason is no foreign policy can be successful in area of chaos, unrest and hunger. A potent foreign policy is that which is flexible, versatile and serves the interest of all, the formulation of policies based on these criteria will ensure efficiency and ultimately development.


High-pressure cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran with 6,6-diphenylfulvene gave exo- and endo-[4+2]π cycloadducts in 29 and 20% yields, respectively. The structures of exo- and endo-[4+2]π cycloadducts were elucidated by X-Ray crystallographic analysis, the latter of which included a benzene molecule.


Each of the catchment areas of Borneo's major river systems has distinct differences in their bedrock lithologies. As the provenance for the sediments delivered to the deepwater depositional systems, these lithological variations in the hinterland are an important consideration when predicting high quality turbidite reservoirs as they influence compaction and diagenesis. This paper examines these issues for the Baram, Sandakan, Tarakan, and Kutei Basins. Additionally, the role of hinterland bedrock composition of the Baram and Padas Rivers is considered in terms of influencing along strike changes in the structural style of the Northwest Borneo deepwater fold and thrust belts.


Employment, unemployment and, more generally, the theme of work are the issues that have become a social emergency and are central to the debate on economic growth. This paper examines the employment and unemployment in Italy and Europe in the nineties, ie in a period of major institutional changes following the entry into force of the new economic constitution represented by the Maastricht Treaty and by the Amsterdam Treaty, which created a political-economic system in Europe in which the principles of market economy and subsidiarity should interact in a virtuous manner. The essay discusses in particular the issue of labor market rigidities in Italy and analyze the proposals and legislative measures designed to enhance the flexibility, but broadens the discussion on structural policies necessary to the Italian economy to overcome some historical gaps and some systemic failures which led to a modest growth trajectory.


Based on a study journey to the USA, the author studies whether and to what extent American driver education system could be introduced into German schools as part of traffic education. The 4 phases of the American model are described in detail. Based on the positive acceptance of this device by the American public, the opinion is put forward that the system could be used in German schools for preparation for obtaining a driving licence. /TRRL/


Unwanted pursuit behaviours (UPBs) comprise repeated and unwanted efforts to establish intimate contact in the form of harassing, tracking, and monitoring. These are common among young adults following the breakup of a romantic relationship, typically by the rejected partner. The relational goal pursuit theory (RGPT) proposes that UPB users overestimate the importance of a relationship to higher-order goals. This study assessed how well a new coping-based approach and the RGPT model predicted UPB frequency and scope. Two hundred participants (50% female; aged 19–24) completed an anonymous online survey. Ruminating was linked to both greater frequency and scope of UPB use. Higher levels of emotion-focused coping and perceived self-efficacy to re-establish intimacy were linked to the use of a wider scope of unwanted pursuit behaviours. Insights gained from UPB users are necessary for understanding mechanisms associated with the turbulent and distressing aftermath of a romantic breakup.


The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) within the last few decades has improved our lives tremendously, made information highly accessible, and increased productivity to unprecedented levels. However, this extraordinary improvement in our lives has a hidden cost. ICT employs computers, their peripherals, and communications equipment, all of which use energy, in many cases even when they are idle. As a result, energy consumption, and therefore the generation of greenhouse gases by this technology are already at very high levels. It is currently estimated that the ICT industry is responsible for approximately 2–4% of all of the carbon footprint generated by human activity. This corresponds to about 25% of all car emissions and is approximately equal to all airplane emissions in the world. This trend will only increase. It is estimated that there will be an annual growth rate of nearly 50% in global mobile data traffic in 2016–2021. With the proliferation of smart phones, video, and social networking, this rate of increase can be expected to be at least sustained for many years to come. As a result, serious concerns about the carbon footprint impact of this development have been raised, and the topic of "green communications and networking" has been attracting attention in ICT circles. Increasingly, more workshops, conferences, special issues of magazines and journals, and industry initiatives focus on the need to develop new approaches to communications and networking that result in drastically lower energy consumption. As the current communications and networking systems and protocols were not designed with this consideration, and since in many cases a greenfield approach needs to be taken, this effort will likely take a long time.


Plasma heating with waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) is an important auxiliary heating system to heat the ions in ITER and future fusion reactors. The paper will present an overview of recent developments in view of applying ICRF on DEMO and future fusion reactors. Among the various topics that will be discussed, we summarize three of them below. Maximizing fusion performance requires to keep the plasma dilution low and to minimize edge impurity release from ICRF antennas. Optimization studies have been performed using the novel code ANTITER IV [1], providing an accurate description of both the fast and slow waves launched into the plasma. (Fig. 1). Understanding the physics of slow waves in regions of low plasma density is important as slow waves can lead to surface modes and edge power deposition far from the antenna [1]. The unwanted edge interaction and associated impurity production also depends on the detailed geometry and the phasing of the antenna [2], and are crucial for optimizing the design of ICRF antennas in future fusion devices. Coupling of ICRF power to the plasma core can be improved by minimizing slow wave excitation using appropriate gas puffing in front of the antenna [3].


On a model mixture of chlorinated phenols contained in waste waters from the pulp indus try some techniques of the automatic interpretation of data of the GC-MS analysis were verified. Efficiency of the programming system based on the pattern recognition technique PRIMA and of the techniques of the library searching of mass spectra was compared.The computer program (chemometric detector), which locates the mass spectra of chlorinated compounds in a few minutes, completes the information about the unknown mixture. The combination of gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MS) has become one of the most used and most productive ap proaches of the analysis of complex mixtures of organic compounds [1—4]. The analysis resulted in the chromatogram and a file of mass spectra of individual components of the mixture.The ef fective possibility to evaluate the measured data is the chemometric approach with utilization of a computer technique. The automated spectral interpretation of the lowresolution mass spectrometry can generally be classified in retrieval systems and spectral inter pretation systems [5], or, from a view of access to information stored in a database, in direct and indirect database methods [6]. The direct data base method comprises library search systems, when the unknown spectrum is compared with each member of the reference spectra of the li brary wjth the aim to select the most similar spec tra as possible candidates for the unknown spec trum. The indirect techniques use a database only in the development of the method but not in its implementation - they attempt to transmit a large quantity of detailed information into a general form that can be.applied independently of the data base. The indirect methods can be divided into three categories: artificial intelligence, pattern rec ognition, and spectral simulation. The pattern recognition methods involve in gen eral the classification of objects into classes on the basis of their measured properties. In the case of the mass spectra the problem is solved, whether the unknown spectrum belongs to some of the considered structural groups characterized by spectra of the structurally interesting com pounds being selected from the spectral library. Hence pattern recognition methods do not try to determine completely the unknown structure, but they only try to recover substructures contained in the unknown compound. The majority of the pattern recognition methods are applicable in the form of computer packages. The most known


Toru Hyodo, MD, Kidney Center, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228 (Japan) Dear Sir, A newly developed automated urinary flowcytometer (a prototype of UF-100, TOA Medical Electronics, Kobe, Japan) by us allows a clear discrimination of erythrocytes from other solid components of urine. According to our evaluation, the source and count of erythrocytes in urine could be determined in about 60 s. In this study, the normal range of the urinary erythrocyte count and the source of urinary erythrocytes in healthy individuals were investigated using this analyzer. For the diagnosis of the source of the urinary erythrocytes, the criteria of Kitasato University Kidney Center for this analyzer were applied [1]. Urine containing erythrocytes was regarded as nonglomerular type when 80% or more erythrocytes were distributed in a forward scatter (FSC) intensity range of 84 or above, as glomerular type when 80% or more erythrocytes were distributed in an FSC intensity range of 126 or less and as mixed type when neither erythrocytes in the FSC intensity range of 126 or less nor those in the FSC intensity of 84 or above occupied 80% or more of all erythrocytes. The urine type was regarded as nonglomerular when both erythrocytes with the FSC intensity of 126 or less and those with the FSC intensity of 84 or above occupied 80% or more of all erythrocytes. The subjects were 133 regularly employed volunteers (age range, 20-48 years; mean age, 30.5 years) who noted no urinary tract symptoms and showed normal blood pressure, consisting of 41 females not in their menstrual period (age range, 20-39 years; mean age, 24.8 years) and 92 males (age range, 20-48 years; mean age, 33.1 years). The blood pressure was measured once at collection of urine samples, and those in whom the systolic blood pressure was 150 mm Hg or above or the diastolic blood pressure was 90 mm Hg or above were excluded. Intermediate urine was collected from these subjects using urine sampling cups, immediately transferred to 50-ml sterilized Spitz tubes and analyzed within 30 min using the automated urinary flowcytometer. Before analysis, the Spitz tubes were shaken by 10 strokes to make the contents homogeneous.


K-nearest neighbours (KNN) is a widely used neural network and machine learning classification algorithm. Recently, it has been used in the neural network and digital image processing fields. In this study, the KNN classifier is used to distinguish 12 different colours. These colours are black, blue, brown, forest green, green, navy, orange, pink, red, violet, white and yellow. Using colour histogram feature extraction, which is one of the image processing techniques, the features that distinguish these colours are determined. These features increase the effectiveness of the KNN classifier. The training data consist of saved frames and the test data are obtained from the video camera in real-time. The video consists of consecutive frames. The frames are 100 × 70 in size. Each frame is tested with K = 3,5,7,9 and the obtained results are recorded. In general, the best results are obtained when used K = 5.

Keywords: KNN algorithm, classifier, application, neural network, image processing, developed, colour, dataset, colour recognition.


Due to the incomplete decision information of mining projects, a new interval evaluation method basing on D-S evidence theory is applied to comprehensive evaluation of mineral resources. Index dates of evaluation system are assigned by the basic probability function . The probability value related to weights and membership grade for indexes .The Bays interval is estimated through evidence combination of dates and computed in decision making. Application to assessment of mining right transaction information are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


Abstract. The development of satellite altimeters (SALTs) has brought huge benefits, among which is the ability to more adequately sense ocean-surface topography. The radar altimeter database system was used to capture and process ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL, JASON-1, and JASON-2 SALT data of 5 years between 2011 and 2015. The time series of monthly multimission SALT data showed an estimated sea level trend of 1.0, 2.4, 2.4, 3.6, and 12.0  mm/year at Gelang, Port Kelang, Kukup, Cendering, and Keling. The correlation analysis for the selected tide gauge stations produced satisfying results of R-squared with 0.86, 0.89, 0.91, and 0.97 for Cendering, Sedili, Gelang, and Geting, respectively. The ITG-Grace2010s geoid model was used to compute the mean dynamic topography (MDT) and plot to a grid of 0.25 deg for the Malacca Strait and South China Sea of Peninsular Malaysia, with Keling, Port Kelang, Geting, Sedili, and Johor Bahru tide gauge stations having values determined by interpolation to be 1.14, 1.19, 1.26, 1.88, and 2.91 m, respectively. MDT is computed from the SALT with respect to Port Kelang, the north–south sea slope ranges between −0.64 and 0.29  m/50  km and −0.01 and 0.52  m/50  km along the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia, respectively.


Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that target and destroy (lyse) tumor cells, virally infected cells, and antibody coated cells. Due to their capacity to respond without a need for prior sensitization, they are at the forefront of the immune response to tumor and virally infected cells. Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin that is found in many different products. It is found in antifouling paints and has been used as an antifungal agent in a wide variety of applications including silicon baking parchments and shower curtains. Due to its contamination of the environment it has also been found in human blood. Exposure of human NK cells to TBT decreases their lytic function and causes activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). The aim of the current study is to examine the role of the serine threonine kinase, protein kinase D (PKD) in the TBT‐induced activation of NK cell MAPKs. PKD activation has been shown in other cells types to lead to the activation of MAPKs. In this study NK cells were exposed to 300, 200, 100, 50, and 25 nM TBT for 10 min and 1 h and cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by SDS‐PAGE followed by Western blot. The activation state of PKD was monitored using an antibody to phospho‐PKD. The results indicated that PKD was activated approximately two fold by 300‐100 nM TBT within 10 min. These results suggest that TBT‐induced activation of PKD may be in part responsible for the TBT‐induced activation of MAPK.


Abstract Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the incremental net benefit (INB) of each herpes zoster vaccine [i.e. Zoster Vaccine Live (ZVL) and Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV)]. Methods We initially identified individual studies by hand-searching reference lists of the relevant systematic review articles. An updated comprehensive search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Embase until June 2020 for additional studies. Studies were eligible if they assessed the cost-effectiveness/utility of any pair among ZVL and RZV, and no vaccine and reported economic outcomes. Details of the study characteristics, economic model inputs, costs, and outcomes were extracted. INB was calculated with monetary units adjusting for purchasing power parity for 2019 US dollars and pooled by meta-analysis. Results A total of 37 studies were pooled for meta-analysis stratified by perspectives [i.e. societal (SP) and third-party payer (TPP)] and vaccine types. In SP, ZVL was cost-effective compared to no vaccine when vaccinated at ages of 50–59 and 70–79 years with INBs (95% CI) of $0.61 (0.37, 0.85) and $9.67 (5.20, 14.14), respectively. RZV was cost-effective for those aged 60–69 and 70–79 years with INBs of $75.61 (17.98, 133.23) and $85.01 (30.02, 140.01), respectively. In TPP, ZVL was cost-effective compared to no vaccine when vaccinated at age 70–79 years with INB of $7.57 (0.27, 14.86) and RZV was cost-effective at 60–69 years with INB $220.87 (47.80, 393.93). The cost-effectiveness of RZV was robust across a series of sensitivity analyses, but ZVL differs on different vaccination ages. Conclusions RZV may be cost-effective for vaccination in ages of 60–79 years for both SP and TPP perspectives, while ZVL might be cost-effective in some age groups, but results are not robust.


Abstract Two pairs of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates containing either 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (arabino-U, aU) or 1-β3-D-2-deoxy-threo-pentofuranosyl) thymine (2′-deoxyxylo-T, dxT) were synthesized. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of these dimers by venom and spleen phosphodiesterases (PDE) were studied. In addition, circular dichroism was used to study their stacking behaviour. A correlation was found to exist between the enzymatic cleavage rate and the conformation of the dimers. It was found that the configuration change at C-2′ or C-3′ in the 5′-terminal nucleoside residue, especially the inversion of 3′-hydroxyl involved into the internucleotide 3′-5′-phosphodiester linkage formation, was critical.


A new CMOS three transistor current squaring circuit is proposed. The versatility of the circuit is shown in three applications: an eight transistor four-quadrant current multiplier/divider circuit with a THD of less than 0.8% at an output current of 80% of the bias current, a floating input linear V-I convertor with variable transconductance and a THD of less than 0.28% at an output current of 120% of the bias current and a bandwidth of above 5 Mhz, and a four-quadrant voltage multiplier.


In the past century, agriculture has grown and developed based on the expansion of new areas for cultivation, leading to deforestation of large areas of native forests and natural ecosystems and causing the loss of environmental services. Despite the great importance of the sector to the Brazilian economy and recognized change that it has undergone in recent years, agriculture still uses production practices that promote large impacts in natural resources. Therefore, it is necessary to change agriculture paradigm with the use of management practices that allow physical and chemical soil properties balance, such as carbon increase and nitrogen soil content. Several studies indicate that the use of integrated production systems, such as Integration Crop-Livestock-Forest (ICLF), improve Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) accumulation.


Background : Malaria is endemic in many parts of the world. Various strategies have been planned to control malaria from time to time in many places. Whatever may be the strategy the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic plasmodium parasitaemics has been of prime importance as useful parameter for its control. It is hoped that malaria control programme in Nigeria will benefit from prevalence of parasitaemic study such as this. Method : Ndiegoro flood disaster district was selected by stratified random sampling from 16 districts of ward 3 out of 12 wards in Aba South Local Government out of the 2 Local Governments of Aba Town. About three quarters of the houses were uninhabited as they were submerged at various depths of the selected district. The population who consented for the study was 257. Thick and thin blood films were studied by light microscopy for plasmodium parasitaemia. Results : The prevalence of plasmodium parasitaemics in the 257 studied population was very high (45.1%). The asymptomatic parasitaemics were about three times as many as symptomatic parasitaemics (73.2% and 26.7% respectively). This difference is statistically significant (p Conclusion : The high prevalence of parasitaemics but worse still in this study the high rate of asymptomatic parasitaemics which serve as reservoirs of infection can threaten any malaria control programme generally and in particular the present malaria control or Roll-Back malaria in Nigeria. This high rate should be considered in assessing and reorgansing the roll-back malaria in Nigeria or any malaria control programme generally. Keywords : malaria, asymptomatic, control programme Annals of African Medicine Vol. 5 (1) 2006: 42–45


First of all,analyze the important factors that may affect the decision making in airlines operational control.In this paper,an Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to build a related-factor model mainly influencing dispatchers' making decision in the operational control process of airlines.This process makes the complicated decision-making system hierarchic and analyzes the importance of all related factors by comprising their importance in a hierarchical way.Through an algorithmic example and data analysis,the operational control decision-making model of an assisting nature based on hierarchic analysis in this paper can provide quantitative basis for final decision making.


In this article we study the relationship between broadband connections, gross domestic product and economic crises in Latin America during the period 2005–2015. Using a dynamic panel data model, our results show that there is a relationship between gross domestic product and broadband connections, but economic crises of countries not being significant when explaining broadband connections to the internet.


The objective of this study was to quantify, in vivo, constitutive and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)‐enhanced expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1 (MAdCAM‐1) in different tissues from healthy wild‐type mice (C57BL/6) as well as interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐deficient mice with and without active colitis. Using the dual radiolabel monoclonal antibody technique, we found substantial constitutive expression of MAdCAM‐1 in the intestine, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes. MAdCAM‐1 expression in these tissues was significantly enhanced, in a time‐dependent manner, by systemic administration of TNF‐α. Maximum surface expression was observed at 18 h after TNF‐α administration and remained significantly elevated at 48 h post‐TNF‐α injection. No significant constitutive nor TNF‐α‐induced expression of MAdCAM‐1 was detected in skeletal muscle, brain, or heart. In IL‐10‐deficient (IL‐10 k/o) mice with no clinical or histological evidence of colitis, constitutive and TNF‐α‐induced expression of MAdCAM‐1 in the intestine, cecum, and colon was not different from those values obtained with healthy wild‐type controls. IL‐10‐deficient mice with active colitis exhibited a four‐ to fivefold greater expression of MAdCAM‐1 in the cecum and colon compared with their healthy controls or to IL‐10 k/o mice with no evidence of colitis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TNF‐α enhances surface expression of MAdCAM‐1 in intestinal and colonic tissues to the same extent in both wild‐type and IL‐10 k/o mice with no colonic inflammation, whereas IL‐10 k/o mice with active colitis exhibited a profound up‐regulation of MAd‐CAM‐1 in the colon. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 349–355; 1999.


Authors propose the four-quadrant AC-AC converter applying the integrated-voltage-control method. This AC-AC converter outputs variable single-phase AC voltage like a variable ratio transformer. It has been confirmed that this AC-AC converter can drive all types of load for example an R-L load or an R-C load and has no error between the average output voltage and its setting voltage and has a quick response, in spite of simple central circuit.


According to the problems in the conventional Cadastral Information Management System like the shortcomings of the work integrity for every business office and the business flow which is not smooth,this paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional three layers architecture and Service-Oriented Architecture.It designed a new Cadastral Information Management System which had better operability and extendibility.The new system used MapGIS K9 as the development platform and adopted the data center layered structure technology with SOA to develop the cadastral management process plug-in,user management plug-in,general editing plug-in and space analysis plug-in and so on.The new system also has great practicability.


Treatment of displaced intracapsular fracture of the hip by hemiarthroplasty in old patients is generally satisfactory. Middlemore Hospital's agreed criteria for hemiarthroplasty were reviewed and tested. Two hundred and thirty three patients who had hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fracture neck of femur between June 199- June 2001. All the patients' data collected from the hospital computer system and then a search started for these patients to review their current status regarding pain and mobility. Ninety nine patients (42%) were still alive, of them 13 demented, 13 moved or lost and 7 in a wheel chair. Sixty six patients reviewed for pain and mobility using Sikorski and Barrington scoring criteria for pain and mobility. Thirteen patients had painful hemiarthroplasty. Clinical notes of the most active group of these patients (7 patients) reviewed individually to identify the causes. Two patients had revision to total hip joint replacement within 3 months because of technical errors and two patients placed on the waiting list for revision. The rest had deterioration in their general health that made total hip arthroplasty a risky operation for them. The revision rate was 1.7 %. We concluded that hemiarthroplasty was an acceptable option for these patients. The selection criteria were correct in 98.2% of the cases. Patients who live in their own home will need a careful assessment before deciding on a hemiarthroplasty for them.


In a recent paper by Tan and Liu , a watermarking algorithm for digital images based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. This comment demonstrates that this watermarking algorithm is fundamentally flawed in that the extracted watermark is not the embedded watermark but determined by the reference watermark. The reference watermark generates the pair of SVD matrices employed in the watermark detector. In the watermark detection stage, the fact that the employed SVD matrices depend on the reference watermark biases the false positive detection rate such that it has a probability of one. Hence, any reference watermark that is being searched for in an arbitrary image can be found. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are given to support our conclusion.


Leukemia is a stem cell disorder characterized by a malignant neoplastic proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Aim of the study: assess quality of life of patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Subjects & Method: A descriptive design was conducted at the Oncology Department and Hematology Unit at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt. Subjects: a convenient sample of 150 adult patients diagnosed with leukemia who had received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Tools: Tool I: Leukemic Patient's Structured Interview Schedule: It was included two parts: Part (I) Socio-demographic Data. Part (II) Clinical Data. Tool II: Leukemic patients' Health related Quality of Life Questionnaire: It was consisted of 8 domains & included 36 statements. Results: 51.3 % have poor general health; there was no correlation between the QOL and socio-demographic variables, while there was no statistical significant relation between other clinical data of the studied patients and overall QOL percent score . Conclusion: more than half patients with leukemia who received chemotherapy had poor QOL which have negative impact on patient's physical, psychological, social life, and spiritual life. Recommendation: Pre and in-services training programs need to be developed for Chemotherapeutic Patients and nurses working with leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.


The spectrophotometer ASDFR2500 and spectroscopic techniques were applied for field mensuration to evaluate the soil parameters with the undisturbed soil samples collected in Xiaotangshan. Correlation and regression analysis was conducted to describe the relationship of soil spectral reflectance with soil moisture, SOM, NO_3~--N, EC and pH, respectively. The results showed that all these soil parameters could be well evaluated by A value (the logarithm of reciprocal of reflectivity) by using linear regression models. These models would be available for evaluating and predicting soil parameters by spectrum reflectance, and would provide guidance to the management of soil nutrients and the prediction of fertility in precision agriculture.


The most striking feature of the pelagic operations in the season 1938–39 was the great decline in the catch in spite of the employment of three factory ships and twenty-six catchers more than in the previous season.


In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, proper management of water and heat transport is essential to improve its overall performance and durability. To comprehensively investigate the internal processes of PEMFCs, an improved two-phase non-isothermal model based on heat and water transfer mechanisms inside the fuel cell is developed. The results show that the model proposed in this work can predict the fuel cell's performance accurately and is capable of exploring water and heat transfer phenomena inside fuel cells. Additionally, the water and heat transfer of cathodes and anodes under different relative humidity and temperatures are studied. It can be concluded that when the PEMFC operates under a constant voltage, the anode water content gradually increases, while the cathode water content gradually decreases. The maximum water content occurs at the interface between cathode catalyst layer and cathode gas diffusion layer, while the minimum value is attained at the interface between anode catalyst layer and anode gas diffusion layer. When the fuel cell operates at 0.75 V, although the water content of CCL is the highest, no back-diffusion of dissolved water occurs.


In advocating for the development of Artificial Wisdom (AW), Jeste et al. (2020) lay a foundation in understanding intelligence and wisdom and their importance to humanity. They outline the development of recent successes in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and our scientific understanding of human intelligence and wisdom. With this as grounding, the discussion of the construct of human wisdom is taken as the basis for proposing governing principles for the development of AW. However, while there may be substantial benefit in having computers with AW, it is important to ask whether it is scientifically feasible to develop true AW that mimics human wisdom. In the midst of an airborne viral pandemic, wearing a mask can be smart. In the midst of a health crisis in which people are dying, lying about mortality statistics is not smart, especially given that in a democracy the truth will come out eventually. Although neither of these situations seems on its face to be about wisdom, could AI tell the difference between a smart and a stupid choice in these cases? Although the situations are presented as if there are clear smart choices, is it true that one choice would be always be judged by everyone to be smart? In the present world context, some political advisors might say that given the probabilities of infection (low) and the need to keep morale positive (high) and possible negative implications of the appearance of someone wearing amask, perhaps it would be smart for leaders to not wear masks, even if this models behavior is not smart. Furthermore, the same political advisors might say that in the short term, the political benefit of good news about a crisis and reducing bad news such as increased mortality by shading statistics outweighs the principle of truth and transparency. Thus, society's values for public goods such as health and truth can be in conflict with individual values for political goods. When values are in conflict, leaders oftenmake choices that are clever or smart about their own needs, but are often not wise. Could an AI system make the smart choice, or the clever choice? Is it even possible for a computer to determine what a wise choice would be? Although Jeste et al. (2020) state that the ultimate goal of AI is to serve humanity, while that is an aspirational goal for some such as the Future of Life Institute (https://futureoflife.org/ai-open-letter/), and the concerns about the potential societal threats of AI (e.g., https://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomousweapons/), research on AI does not have a single overarching goal. While there are engineers seeking to use AI to address problems facing humanity such as expert systems to improve medical diagnosis like Caduceus (e.g., Banks, 1986) and other beneficial systems, there are also engineers developing systems, even outside of the weaponizing of AI that concerns the scientists represented affiliated with the Future of Life Institute, systems that can threaten jobs or generally present competition for humanity (see https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-oftechnology/why-we-should-think-about-the-threatof-artificial-intelligence). Still other researchers take the development of AI as a scientific approach to understand human cognition (see Forbus, 2010), as a form of Cognitive Science without any interest in serving humanity but just as a method of scientific research on psychological processes. In the early days of AI research, the first goals for researchers were to produce programs that could emulate smart human behavior such as producing intelligent answers for IQ test-like problems or playing games like chess or checkers at human levels of excellence (see Nilsson, 2010). However, over time, researchers realized that it is possible to reach human levels of performance on narrowly specific tasks such as playing checkers or solving word problems, but these solutions can be achieved without a deep understanding of human cognition. They are really only brittle surface simulations of behavior. Even more complicated examples such as Colby's (1973) Parry model which was intended to simulate human paranoia, only used a simple set of rules that operated on patterns of words in sentences. While sufficient to pass a modified version of the Turing test (Turing, 1950), Parry only mimicked the symptoms of paranoia without a clear theory of paranoid ideation; there was no real model of the internal thoughts and feelings of paranoia. This approach was parodied by Weizenbaum (1974) by showing that mimicking the appearance behavior does not advance a scientific understanding of human psychology (also see Colby, 1981, and commentaries). This points up a fundamental problem with the use of a Turing test advocated by Jeste et al. for assessing fundamental psychological processes like intelligence or wisdom: The Turing test only assesses the putative output expression of a process International Psychogeriatrics (2020), 32:8, 909–911 © International Psychogeriatric Association 2020


For the first time, the precise data on the above barrier fusion (capture) cross-sections for the reactions involving spherical colliding nuclei are quantitatively analyzed using the relativistic mean-field effective interaction. The parameter sets NL1, NL2, NL3, and HS are employed. The analysis is performed within the framework of the fluctuation-dissipation model with surface friction based on the double-folding approach for the nucleus-nucleus potential. The effective interactions, as well as the resulting potentials, are confronted with the ones obtained using the M3Y NN forces. Of the four studied NN interactions, the Coulomb barrier appears for the nucleus-nucleus potentials corresponding to the NL2 and HS parameter sets when the exchange forces are added to the effective interaction. The heights and radii of the barriers obtained using these two parameter sets are very close to each other. The NL2 potential is used for analyzing the fusion cross-section data for five reactions. The results of dynamical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.


Just like diamonds, streams are forever. They are also ubiquitous, arising in theoretical computer science (formal languages and functional programming), mathematics (number theory), and engineering (signal processing). Also in business computing applications streams are important. Here one can think of the streams of data queries flowing into search engines, or streams of financial data processed by financial organizations. In this paper, we describe a number of aspects of streams that we have encountered and studied during the last years.


In recent years, due to the rapid development of internet technology, the integration process of digital technology and financial services has accelerated. Digital Financial inclusion has emerged as the times require, becoming an important force to promote private enterprises to get out of financing difficulties. The development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, Recently, the Exponential TODIM(ExpTODIM) and (grey relational analysis) GRA method has been used to cope with MAGDM issues. The intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are used as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance. In this paper, the intuitionistic fuzzy Exponential TODIM-GRA (IF-ExpTODIM-GRA) method is built to solve the MAGDM under IFSs. In the end, a numerical case study for development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance is supplied to validate the proposed method. The main contributions of this paper are outlined: (1) the ExpTODIM and GRA method has been extended to IFSs; (2) Information Entropy is used to derive weight under IFSs. (3) the IF-ExpTODIM-GRA method is founded to solve the MAGDM under IFSs; (4) a numerical case study for development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance and some comparative analysis are supplied to validate the proposed method.


The purpose of this research is to provide empiric evidence for Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Company Size on Return on Equity. Sampling was carried out by a purpose sampling. Population and criteria of this research are the consumer goods industry companies registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange for a period of 2010-2014. Data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The variables of the research used are Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Company Size and Return on Equity. The output of the research shows that partially Total Asset Turnover (TATO) impacts significantly Return on Equity with 0,012 value of significance. Whereas, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Company Size partially do not impact Return on Equity.


In this article, I intend to underscore the importance of critical thinking in rendering invaluable positive contributions and impact within professional organizations in the developing world. I argue that critical thinking treated as a normative principle and balanced with a pragmatic orientation provides a rational framework for resolving conflicts that oftentimes ensue from the incoherence between Western-based organizational theories and the actual circumstances of a developing country. In order to optimize the benefits of critical thinking, I also argue that it should not be expected only among leaders and managers, but also and more importantly, among organizational members and associates. It is for this reason that I introduce Matthew Lipman's Community of Inquiry as a model for cultivating critical thinking within professional environments.


Two proportionate dwarfs—mother and son—who had self-limited bouts of clinical tetany with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are reported.The roentgenographic findings of the skeletal changes are described in detail and the malfunction of growth in different segments f the tubular bones and in the cal-varia, together with the possible role of the endocrine factors, are evaluated.


Objective To study on algicidal bioactive substances from mangrove bacteria and its algicidal effect on red tide algae Alexandriam tamarense.Methods A red algicidal bioactive substance in Guangxi mangrove bacteria was isolated and purified by Silica-gel Column Chromatography,and its structure was determined on the basis of UV,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and HREIMS spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literatures.Its algicidal affect was primarily studied in this paper.Results and Conelusion The results showed that the red algicidal bioactive substance was prodigiosin,which had an inhibitory effect on the cells growth of Alexandrium tamarense,and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of prodigiosin concentration.The prodigiosin stimulated the production of MDA and reduced the content of sulfhydryl group.In addition,plasma membrane permeability of leaked cell solution was increased.These indicated the extinguishing mechanism: the cell membrane was damaged followed by the inhibition of the cell growth.


Identification and analysis of mutations of hydrological processes is one of the hot spots in hydrological studies.It is of important theoretical and practical significance for hydrologic analysis and modeling,hydrological forecasting,and water pollution control to analyze and understand the laws of hydrology and its sequence variations.The study investigated the times and characteristics of hydrological variability within the Heihe River basin which is a typical inland river basin in the northwest and provided reference for reasonable use and development of water resources in the basin.To accurately distinguish the change-point of hydrological processes,the authors adopted annual runoff series data of 60 years at hydrological monitoring stations of Yingluoxia in the Heihe river basin during the period 1947-2006.The difference plot curve-combined method of rank test was used to identify the change-point of hydrological processes.Brown-Forsythe method,sequential clustering method,and sliding F test method were jointly used to verify the accuracy of variation points.At the same time,hydrological characteristics of the data before and after the variation points were analyzed.Results show that 1959 and 1979 were the change points in the hydrological processes at the station of Yingluoxia.Changes in hydrological series were divided into three stages.The standard deviation,coefficient of variation,and deviation coefficient changed significantly at various stages.The average values of the phase difference ranged between 125×106m3 and 189×106m3.The characteristics of trends and mutations in hydrological series reflected that natural conditions and human activities had a significant impact on the natural state of the river hydrological sequence.Factors of climate change,such as temperature,rainfall,and evaporation,and human activities,such as over farmland reclamation,overgrazing,and the construction of reservoirs,could be responsible for the mutations of the runoff.The difference plot curve-combined method of rank test has been effectively used in the Heihe river basin;it can reduce the complexity of formulas and the corresponding assumptions compared to the other methods.However,in the calculation,there have relaxed requirements for the normality of data and the same condition of different sets of data to some extent.Measured data could not satisfy the requirements of general assumptions of statistical methods.The calculated variation points were generally consistent with the actual state of the regional environment.


PURPOSE: A color electroluminescence display device is provided to make lives of electroluminescence elements corresponding to light emitting regions uniform by making current densities of electroluminescence elements corresponding to each of light emitting regions substantially the same. CONSTITUTION: A color electroluminescence display device comprises a light emitting element supported between two electrodes; and a plurality of color converting elements corresponding to a plurality of color components, respectively, formed in a view side. The color electroluminescence display device has a plurality of light emitting regions corresponding to the color components. The color converting elements emit light having a light emitting spectrum different from the light emitting spectrum of incident light. Areas of the light emitting regions are set in correspondence to ratios of light emitted from color converting elements to a luminance of light incident to the color converting elements and luminance of color components required for white display.


Abstract Green roofs have become a common method to increase water retention on-site in urban areas. However, the long-term water quality of runoff from green roofs is poorly understood. This study evaluated the water quality of stormwater runoff from a regular (non-vegetated) roof, a green roof installed 6 months previously, and a green roof installed 6 years ago in Portland, Oregon. Samples of runoff were taken during every rain event for 10 months, and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO3-4), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO-3), ammonia (NH3), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 and lower concentrations of Zn compared to the regular roof. Average TP concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 6.3 and 14.6 times higher, respectively, than concentrations from the regular roof, and average PO3-4 concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 13.5 and 26.6 times higher, respectively, compare...


In this paper, author presents the formulas of the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams which have been deduced using the stress-strain relationships obtained by the compression test of concrete specimens. Formulas in the rectangular beams obtained are ascertained with the experimental data, and that in the rectangular and T-beams obtained are developed to the workable design.


 High-quality GaN nanofilm was prepared by pulsed laser ablation in ethanol.  A new, thin, layer-by-layer preparation factor of GaN nanofilm was used.  The structural properties showed a high and sharp peaks of the hexagonal GaN nanostructure and identical to the conventional structure of the GaN crystal.  The optical properties showed an increase in the reflectivity of the gallium nanoparticles in the UV recovery.  The increase in the optical bandgap energy showed a blueshift related to the size of the GaN nanoparticles grown on a porous silicon substrate. GaN nanostructure was Synthesized using Pulsed laser ablation in liquid ethanol with Nd:YAG laser at pulsed laser ablation energy of 1600 mj and laser wavelength of 1064 nm. The nanoparticle was deposited using the drop cast method on the prepared porous silicon substrate. The structural and optical properties of the prepared GaN were studied. XRD pattern shows a high and sharp peak of pSi peak at 2θ =28.74 reflected from (111) plane and exhibits hGaN rise at 2θ =34.54, 2θ =37.49, 2θ= 48.19 and 2θ=57.99 which are reflected from (002), (100), (102), (110) planes respectively where (002) plane has the highest peak than others. AFM and FESM proved an increase in the grain size of GaN. The reflectance of GaN (81.79%) at the wavelength (306nm) and has an energy band gap of (3.9eV). A R T I C L E I N F O Handling editor: Ivan A. Hashim


Simulation optimization is attracting increasing research interest from the modeling and simulation community. Although there is much research on how to apply various simulation optimization techniques to solve numerous practical and research problems, researchers find that existing optimization routines are difficult to extend or integrate and often require one to develop their own optimization methods because the existing ones are problem-specific and not designed for reuse. In order to facilitate reuse of the available optimization routines and better capture the essence of different simulation optimization techniques, an ontology for simulation optimization (SoPT) is devised. SoPT includes concepts from both conventional optimization/mathematical programming and simulation optimization. Represented in ontological form, optimization routines can also be transformed into actual executable application code (e.g., targeting JSIM or ScalaTion). As illustrative examples, SoPT is being applied to real scientific computational problems.


This paper presents a new method for students' learning achievement evaluation by automatically generating the importance degrees of the attributes of questions. It considers the "accuracy rate", the "time rate", the "importance" and the "complexity" for evaluating students' learning achievement. First, it transforms the attributes "accuracy rate" and "time rate" into the "effect of accuracy rate" and the "effect of time rate", respectively. Then, it generates the weights of the attributes "effect of accuracy rate", "effect of time rate", "importance" and "complexity", respectively. Then, it generates the importance degrees of the attributes of questions based on the weights of the attributes. Then, it calculates the learning achievement indices of the students having the same total score. Finally, it determines the new ranking order of the students having the same original total score based on the learning achievement indices of the students. The proposed method is simpler than Bai and Chen's method due to the fact that it is based on simple arithmetic calculations rather than the complicated fuzzy reasoning method.


This paper introduces the de-dusting reforming scheme for the charging system warehouse of the Huaigang 5# blast furnace.By the premise of not increasing air volume,solved the problem of raising dust on the slots when the materials were loaded,improved the working condition of the worker and ensured the stability of manufacture.


Design education is practical and theoretical; however, it does not usually include the study of cultural heritage. Nonetheless, relations with academia have been strong since the 18th century, when the need to educate designers spread across the continent to improve design and make it competitive in the market. In this paper, we recover that spirit and act as mediators between heritage and young people to create links and preserve cultural heritage. A case study was conducted at the Public Valencian Design School with 31 product design students. The methodology applied was based on iterative processes that allowed students to discover design and silk heritage when they proposed innovative ways of approaching it. A qualitative survey was used to evaluate the case study. The results showed that students increased their appreciation for cultural heritage (by more than 90%) as well as their willingness to preserve it and reuse it in their future creations. Collaboration between cultural heritage and design might foster sustainable conservation and mark the future steps of ongoing collaboration.