This report includes presentations of calculations and results regarding gross load of the metals Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Hg from diffuse sources and point sources geographically distributed for the entire Sweden. The diffuse sources that are included are leakage from all land-use classes: forest, clear-cut forest, other open area (e.g. meadows), alpine area, wetland, arable land, lake, urban area. Point sources that are included are: scattered dwellings not connected to a municipal waste water treatment plant (MWWTP), all registered load to water and ground water in the national register EMIR (industry, waste, mining and all other activities with significant effect on the environment) regarding load year 2007, MWWTPs regarding year 2008 or latest accessible load data, E-PRTR plants are included as a subset in the EMIR dataset, and load data from closed mining sites that are not registered in EMIR have been collected from county reports. The results of industries presented below include all point sources except MWWTP and scattered dwellings. This report further describes the underlying data, specifically weaknesses, and includes discussion about differences between model results and measured transport in the monitored river mouths. The report includes suggestions of further work to improve results and progress for example to include retention of metals during the transport from inland waters to the sea. The model results of the gross load are of the same order of magnitude as the measured transport in the river mouths, implying that the most important inland sources are included in the modelled sources. However, there still are a number of sources that have been identified during the project as important sources which could not be included due to lack of information; additional not registered waste sites, Cu in antifouling products for boats, release from paint and anticorrosive products, load from non-reporting point sources and recirculation from sediments.Results from this report in selection:· The diffuse sources are dominating the gross load; for Cd, Cu and Hg the diffuse sources contribute with more than 80 % and for Pb and Ni more than 90 % of the total gross load.· For Cd, Pb and Hg the release from forest, clearcut forest and deposition on open lake waters have been calculated to be the most important sources.· For Hg, "other" landuse (meadows, wetlands, alpine regions etc nonanthropogenic landuse) and daywater (stormwater from paved surfaces in urban areas and roads) are important contributions to the load.· For Cu, forest and clearcut forest landuse are the largest sources and otherdiffuse sources are contributing evenly.· Ni contributions are largest from forest, clear-cut forest and arable land.· For Zn, the contributions from the diffuse sources are slightly less, 77 % of the total gross load.· 20 % of the total gross load of Zn is contribution from industries (all registered EMIR load and closed mining sites collected).· Industry is by far the most important point source of Cd and Pb (more than 90 % of the total point source gross load).·For Cu, the contributions from point sources are more equally dividedbetween MWWTP and industry ( 30 % and 60 % respectively).There are differences between the calculated results and the measured transport in the river mouths. The following differences in selection have been noted:· The gross load is generally higher than the mean transport in the river mouths in southern Sweden with a couple of exceptions. This can be due to separation processes of the metals from the water phase from the source to the river mouth (retention).· The calculated gross load is generally low in relation to the mean of the measured transport of metals in the river mouth in northern Sweden. This may be due to too low calculated leaching concentrations applied to the land-use.·Cu and Ni calculated gross load are low especially in northern Swedencompared to the measured mean transport in the river mouths, which may be due to too low calculated leaching concentrations of forest, "other" land-use or arable land.Separation between background load and anthropogenic (human induced) diffuse load was not possible with the available information in this project. Several involved processes in the anthropogenic land-uses arable land, forest and clear-cut forest as well as the effect from deposition of both metals and acid on all land-uses, makes interpretations difficult and need more investigation before results can be presented. However, all point sources and diffuse load from urban areas and deposition can be assumed to be dominated by anthropogenic origin.Suggestions of further work to improve the results and progress:· Investigations of differences between calculated results and measured transport.· Development of calculations of retention of metals.· Addition of missing sources, e.g. Cu from antifouling of boats.· Investigation of anthropogenic and background diffuse load of metals.· Improvement of underlying data for leakage concentrations (additional monitoring in arable regions, alpine regions and wetland regions) and additional monitoring stations for deposition.


Based on the theory of coupled transport of electricity and heat in metals, we present a numerical method allowing us to calculate the thermoelectric power (TEP) (Seebeck coefficient) of a two-dimensional metal/metal composite structure. Depending on the arrangement, the surface fraction and the geometry of the two components, the temperature, the potential and the thermoelectric current distributions are calculated within the structure. The apparent TEP is then deduced. In order to validate this numerical model, various metal/metal composite structures were experimented on. The data resulting from the numerical simulations proved to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results. This method of calculation contributes to a better understanding of TEP measurements when done for the characterization of multi-constituent materials. We show that it may also be applied to calculate the current distribution in inhomogeneous materials subject to a thermal gradient, and hence contribute to a better understanding of results obtained by the thermoelectric method with magnetic readout.


In recent years, a number of linguists, among them Selkirk (1982) and Di Sciullo and Williams (1987), have explored the hypothesis that word formation, including compounding and derivation, can be given a syntactic characterization of its own in terms of context free rules which are independent of those used for phrases and sentences. One way to explore the empirical adequacy of this hypothesis is to try to apply it to languages rich in derivational and inflectional morphology as well as in complex compounds. One such language is Classical Sanskrit. Below, I shall investigate how such a hypothesis can be applied to compound formation in Classical Sanskrit, touching only in passing upon its applicability to derivation.


This is my first letter as ACM president.The one last month I wrote as president-elect, and I 'm sorry it was so Milquetoasty. Trouble was, it had to be written just before the New York council meeting, when the division in our body politic caused by the election was at lts very widest. Jean and I were at maximum separation, and the Forces Of Good, generalled by Stuart Lynn, were working overtime to avoid a real bash at Council. My thoughts were therefore much occupied by moral, emotional, and political themes, with rather mawkish results. Even at that, I note on rereading, I did manage to slip in something substantive about possible ACM interest in the AFIPS general-publication project! I believe that a useful attitude adjustment is under way in the election matter. I have agreed to appoint an ad hoc committee to review nomination and election procedures, the members to be recommended by Dan McCracken and George D o d d t h e rest of the executive commit tee-and by the b o a r d c h a i r m e n . I said I wanted to sponsor such action in a letter I sent out to key ACM people right after the election, and the other side was in full agreement. I somewhat reluctantly swallowed my anger at the nominating committee, whom I had wanted to dismiss en masse, and agreed to appoint only one new


We present the Distant Giants Survey, a three-year radial velocity campaign to measure P(DG∣CS), the conditional occurrence of distant giant planets (DG; M p ∼ 0.3–13 M J, P > 1 yr) in systems hosting a close-in small planet (CS; R p < 10 R ⊕). For the past two years, we have monitored 47 Sun-like stars hosting small transiting planets detected by TESS. We present the selection criteria used to assemble our sample and report the discovery of two distant giant planets, TOI-1669 b and TOI-1694 c. For TOI-1669 b we find that Msini=0.573±0.074MJ , P = 502 ± 16 days, and e < 0.27, while for TOI-1694 c, Msini=1.05±0.05MJ , P = 389.2 ± 3.9 days, and e = 0.18 ± 0.05. We also confirmed the 3.8 days transiting planet TOI-1694 b by measuring a true mass of M = 26.1 ± 2.2 M ⊕. At the end of the Distant Giants Survey, we will incorporate TOI-1669 b and TOI-1694 c into our calculation of P(DG∣CS), a crucial statistic for understanding the relationship between outer giants and small inner companions.


According to miniaturization, estimation of motor temperature is necessary, and many approaches are developed. Irreversible demagnetization occurred by change of permanent magnet temperature and increase in resistance are affected by temperature increase in motor due to the losses. In this paper, the temperature of motor is calculated by applying equivalent thermal circuit network. Thermal source, thermal resistance and thermal capacitor which are components of thermal equivalent circuit network are calculated and equivalent circuit is composed considering heat transfer in motor. Especially computation for heat transfer of convection is important. The prediction of temperature in existing thermal equivalent circuit is improved by more accurate calculation of heat transfer coefficient considering components of natural convection and forced convection.


Using polarization as an additional synthetic dimension. (A) A single waveguide with tailored birefringence coherently couples its horizontally (red) and vertically (blue) polarized modes of the electromagnetic field. (B) Planar graphs (left) acquire an additional dimension due to the coupling of two polarization states (middle). The Hilbert space of photon pairs on 3D graphs takes the form of a yet more complex graph (right). Credit: Science Advances, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5266


A phenology study was carried out to know the effect of microzonal variation on the different phenophase like flowering, fruiting, seed maturation and seed dispersal etc. of important fodder shrubs of Himachal Himalayas i.e. Desmodium tiliaefolium, Berberis lyceum, Indigofera pulchella, Carissa carandas, Debregeasia hypoleuca and Rubus ellipticus. In case of Indigofera pulchella and Debregeasia hypoleuca a particular phytophase like flowering was enhanced by exactly 30 days at one site and plants were in flowering phase for 120 days as compared to other two sites where flowering continued only for 90 days due to minute temperature variation. Similarly, flowering phase was enhanced in Desmodium tiliaefolium, Berberis lyceum, Carissa carandas and Rubus ellipticus due to minute temperature variation.


In the past few years, a small but intense debate has transpired on the margins of mainstream scholarship in the discipline of Philosophy, particularly within the subfield of American pragmatism. While most philosophical pragmatists dedicate their attention to questions concerning how ideas improve experience (or the theory–practice continuum), those participating in this exchange have shown greater concern for an issue that is, at its core, a theoretical matter: Does the theory of experience espoused by the classic American philosopher John Dewey succumb to what contemporary analytic philosophers—for instance, Wilfred Sellars, Donald Davidson, and John McDowell—call the Myth of the Given? One commentator, Scott Aikin, claims that Dewey relied on noninferential and nonconceptual content or givens as perceptual inputs for cognitive experience. The upshot of Aikin's objection is that these experiential givens constitute a proxy epistemological foundation for the beliefs that flow from inquiry—a position clearly in conflict with Dewey's commitment to antifoundationalism. The objection assumes a slightly different form in the hands of another scholar of American pragmatism, Colin Koopman. Gregory Pappas and David Hildebrand respond to Koopman's version of the objection. The goals of this article are to clarify the objection, highlight the stakes in the debate, identify misunderstandings of Dewey's experiential metaphysics on both sides, and determine why the experiential givenism objection merits serious philosophical scrutiny in the future.


AIM:To search for the novel angiotensin Ⅱ(A Ⅱ)AT_(1) receptor antagonists with high potency and long duration.METHODS:By use of telmisartan, a potent non-peptide AT_(1) receptor antagonist,as a lead compound and the optimized results of ligand-receptor complex modelling,N-phenylpyrrole with an acid group spacer was compared to the biphenyl bearing an acid group spacer which might provide optimal stereo electronic characteristics.Therefore,12 dibenzimidazoles bearing N-phenyl-1H-pyrrole moiety were designed and synthesized by the replacement of the biphenyl tetrazole with N-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2-tetrazole and replacement of the tetrazole group with a carboxylic acid moiety,meanwhile introducing different substitutes at the positions-2 of the dibenzimidazole ring and the pyrrole ring.On the other hand,their biological activities were evaluated for antagonism of AⅡ-induced contractions in the rabbit thoracic rings.RESULTS:None of the target compounds has been reported and their structures were identified by IR,(()~(1)H NMR),MS spectra and elemental analysis. And the biological activities were evaluated for antagonism of A Ⅱ-induced contractions in the rabbit thoracic aortic rings.The results of preliminary pharmacological tests showed that compound Ⅰd was more potent than telmisartan.CONCLUSION:Ⅰd is worthy to be intensively investigated further.


Trazodone is a new antidepressive with properties which differ from those of tricyclics. In animals, trazodone seems to be devoid of catecholamine potentiating action, which is thought to be responsible for the cardiotoxicity of this tricyclic. Our study was undertaken to determine the cardiovascular effects of trazodone in man, as indicated by responses to tyramine and norepinephrine. Six normal subjects received either imipramine (25 mg) 3 times a day or trazodone (50 mg) 3 times a day according to a double‐blind randomized cross‐over protocol with a placebo washout period. Each subject was tested on placebo after the first dose and after 1 wk of each drug. The responsiveness of blood pressure to tyramine differed after placebo and imipramine but not after placebo and trazodone. The responsiveness of blood pressure to norepinephrine was increased by imipramine and seemed to be depressed by trazodone after single doses and after 7 days of treatment. Except for one case of sinus bradycardia during norepinephrine infusion, no major side effects were noted during the study. Trazodone seems to have no effect on the blood pressure response to tyramine and presumably does not affect the uptake of tyramine into the adrenergic neuron, while decreased sensitivity to norepinephrine was indicated by the blood pressure response.


Training of medical professionals being carried out since centuries, where quality of physician depends upon the quality and accreditation of the training system in place. Quality is the means through which an institution can guarantee, with confidence and certainty that the standards of its educational objectives maintained and enhanced. Quality in higher education is a dynamic process which is the outcome of interaction of multiple factors that determine the state of equilibrium reached at various levels. These include, inter alia, leadership, quality of faculty, quality of students, infrastructure, facilities, research and learning environment, governance, strategic planning, assessment procedures, market forces and several other factors depending upon the type, nature and level of educational processes. Quality Medical Education is a comprehensive concept, which consists of a number of ideas and systematic processes. The basic requirements of Quality Medical Education include a well-planned system of education aimed at achieving the goals and objectives set for it and a comprehensive quality infrastructure for the productive implementation and systematic evaluation of that system. In essence Medical Education has to be of the highest quality to produce doctors capable of giving the highest quality of medical care by not only satisfying the consumers i.e. patients, their families, community and employers but offering a service better than their expectations. Such education will need to adopt more than what is called al Quality culture in the institution. Keywords: Quality control; quality assurance; medical education; accreditation; Ihsan. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6465 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.116-123


With the implementation of the 6th national railway acceleration,profound influences have been exerted on the national traffic mobilization of China,including various new requirements for informational construction of railway mobilization,structural optimization of national defense transportation,improvement of the quick-mobilization capability of railway transportation and also the speeding up of professional technological contingent construction.Therefore,we should give full play to the mobilization potential,strengthen the comprehensive constructions,including commanding and control network of railway mobilization,jointing projects of military railway transportation,transportation talent forces and transportation safeguarding forces,consummate the operational mechanisms such as military deputy system of railway transportation and enhance comprehensive efficiency of railway transportation mobilization.


Let f denote a transcendental entire function, and I(f), I0(f), T(f) and A(f) be denoted as follows: Let D denote a Fatou component of F(f). We have established the relationships between D and I(f), I0(f), T(f) or A(f), when D is a Baker domain or a multiply-connected wandering domain or a simply-connected infinitely wandering domain.


56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-712, Korea Tel : +82-10-8854-3066 E-mail : email@example.com Abstract The rehabilitation of the fully edentulous patients, especially in mandible, could be compromised due to their diversity in terms of clinical, medical, anatomical and economic situations. An implant-retained complete overdenture is recommended as the gold standard in the oral rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible due to its relative simplicity, minimal invasiveness, predictability, efficacy and affordability. In this report, two fully edentulous patients under anticiagulatory therapy who were treated with a conventional complete denture on the maxilla and implant retained overdenture supported by freestanding implants placed in the anterior region of the mandible. Locator and magnetic attachments were used for retention of the mandibular overdenture respectively. Patients were satisfied with the final results in esthetic and functional aspects.


Abstract This article describes results of a case study research project that investigated three teachers involved in the Eruditio teacher-training program in which Arizona teachers trained to integrate computer technology into their curricula and instruction. The study examined their approaches to their teaching, and if and how their approaches changed when incorporating telecommunications and Internet use into their instructional delivery. Case study research was conducted using interviews, classroom observations, and journals for qualitative data. An important issue that emerged while conducting this study concerns the way we refer to computers and how our language may impact students' and teachers' attitudes toward them. Introduction Computers have been in many of our schools for twenty years but only in the last few years, with the advent of the Interact, has use of computers become a staple of teaching. As teachers integrate this technology into their curriculum, it may be helpful to examine our assumptions concerning computer use in schools. Does the terminology we use to refer to computers affect students and teachers' attitudes toward them? I recently conducted a research study with three teachers to observe changes in teaching practices and beliefs when attempting to integrate technology into their classroom teaching. The study was designed to provide flexibility for emerging issues and themes during the study. A prominent issue to surface concerned teachers' and students' divergent attitudes concerning computer use in the classroom. Little research is available about students' attitudes toward computers outside the formalized setting of the classroom. This paper explores the implications of these views on the process of teaching with technology. The conclusions suggest we look more closely at the way we talk about computers and their uses in school. The Research Study This study investigated the experiences of three teachers from different areas of Arizona taking part in the Eruditio Teacher Training Project. The Eruditio Project was a collaborative effort between Arizona's Department of Education and the four major educational institutions in the state for a teacher technology-training program. The Eruditio Project's aim was to create a network of teachers trained in the use of computer technology who could pass this knowledge on to others in their schools. The Eruditio teachers received the necessary networking tools in the form of a laptop computer, a modem, and Internet accessibility. In addition, they received on-line technical support, and both in-person and on-line instruction concerning the integration of technology and telecommunications into their existing curricula. The Eruditio Project was designed as a two-year training course. It was expected that, after the first year of training, educators would progress into a second phase of utilizing this knowledge and training others in the use of these tools. This study examined the experiences of three Eruditio Project teachers as they moved through the second year of the training program. Case study research was conducted using interviews, classroom observations, and journals for qualitative data. The three teacher participants, Abby, Beverly, and Chloe, reported that using computers as an integral part of teaching led to a change from text-only resources in the classroom to using the Internet for the most current information. This led to an increased student interest in learning, and enhanced the professional role of these among their peers. While these changes showed how technology may alter classroom roles and instruction, the different perceptions teachers and students had of the technology's function suggest that computers went beyond just supplementing classroom teaching. The discussion that follows explores the issue of teachers' and students' beliefs from the teachers' perspectives. …


THE report here submitted refers to a number of cases that have occurred in the surgical experience of Dr. W. A. Bigelow and the writer during the past few years, and in which the use of novocaine local anxesthesia has been found very satisfactory. It is not our desire to present a plea for the exclusive use of local anasthesia in surgery, yet we feel that our results justify a wider use of this form of anmesthesia than is perhaps generally appreciated. A study of our cases, four hundred and fifty-nine in number, has been made, due consideration being given to its advantages and disadvantages. The cases studied do not include very minor ones such as office operations, nor do they include excision of superficial tumours, circumcisions, tonsillectomies, amputation of fingers and toes, simple laparotomies for tuberculous peritonitis, gall bladder drainage, or emergency work in case of acute bowel obstruction, but comprise those operative procedures where general anasthesia has been and is now more or less extensively used. Local anxesthesia in all our cases was produced by the use of a solution of one-half to one-quarter of one per cent. novocaine, combined with varying amounts of adrenalin solution, 1-1000. The quantity used varied from a few drachms to twelve ounces. We have had no trouble with toxic symptoms produced by large doses of novocaine as far as we know. In fact, we do not know its full dose. We never hesitate to use large quantities of the solution, but are careful during the infiltration to keep the needle constantly on the move, thus changing the situation of the point to prevent the accidental injection of any great amount into a blood vessel. A few cases have been reported by others of trouble caused by the intravenous introduction of novocaine, but this is avoidable. Local anxesthesia in these selected cases was


This paper evaluates three alternative topologies for a static compensator (StatCom), suitable to eliminate the negative-sequence currents in a railway system. The compensator is placed in a transformer substation, which feeds two separate sections of the catenary. The major requirements of this converter is to: (i) symmetrize the railway load as seen from the high-voltage side, (ii) control the catenary voltage to a defined level, and (iii) compensate for the harmonics generated by the rolling stock. The topologies investigated here are: (a) a 2-level converter with a common dc-bus capacitor, (b) a delta-connected modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on full-bridge submodules, and (c) a double-star MMC based on half-bridge submodules. The evaluation is based on the minimum device-rating requirements of each converter that fulfill the application requirements in the steady-state. Simulation results are provided to support the conclusions of this evaluation.


The chapter explores gender violence Indigenous women experience at home and suggests that, far from being a private matter, it is fundamentally intertwined with state violence.


In this study, we used Karasek's demand-control-support model to determine whether either job control or job social support or both can reduce signs of fatigue and simultaneously enhance intrinsic motivation among employees facing high job demands. Survey data on 555 nurses suggest that job control in particular reduces fatigue in highly demanding jobs, whereas high levels of instrumental support produce elevated levels of intrinsic motivation, regardless of the level of job control and job demands. In order to become successful or even more successful, today's work organizations need to maximize the use of their employees' actual and potential skills. More than ever before, organizations in both the private and public sector are introducing new forms of work and organizational design and management, such as total quality management, lean production, and empowerment (Parker & Wall, 1998). These initiatives may enhance intrinsic motivation and inspire employees to learn and develop the skills they need to meet increasing job demands, but simultaneously the initiatives may raise levels of job strain and other negative healthrelated outcomes among employees, generating significant costs in terms of sickness, lost time, and low productivity (Parker & Sprigg, 1999; Theorell & Karasek, 1996). Building on the demand-controlsupport model (DCS model) developed by Karasek and his associates (Karasek, 1979; Karasek & Theorell, 1990), the present study examines job conditions that minimize job strain and maximize intrinsic motivation in highly demanding jobs. The interaction between job demands and control has been studied frequently with respect to job strain (e.g., Ganster & Fusilier, 1989; Karasek, 1979; Schaubroeck & Merritt, 1997; Theorell & Karasek, 1996; Wall, Jackson, Mullarkey, & Parker, 1996; Xie, 1996), but has been largely neglected with respect to work motivation. Moreover, the role of job social support in the interaction between demands and control has drawn little empirical attention as far as job strain is concerned, and no empirical or theoretical attention with regard to intrinsic motivation (cf. Parker & Sprigg, 1999; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). The present study contributes substantially to management theory and empirical knowledge by focusing on intrinsic work motivation and, more specifically, by examining the interaction between job demands, job control, and job social support on fatigue and intrinsic motivation simultaneously.


Purpose – To help to clarify the role of XML tools and standards in supporting transition and migration towards a fully XML‐based environment for managing access to information.Design/methodology/approach – The Ching Digital Image Library, built on a three‐tier architecture, is used as a source of examples to illustrate a number of methods of data manipulation for presentation processing. An SQL relational database is implemented in the data tier and Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) is used to manage processes and sessions in the middle tier. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used in the data tier to represent offers and in the presentation tiers to represent screen displays that can be manipulated using the XML Document Object Model (DOM), XML Data Islands, and XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language), before being delivered to the web browser as HTML.Findings – It is demonstrated that, although XML itself is not a database, the XML family provides many, though not all, of the components found i...


Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars in different skeletal facial types. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects were selected in this study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and orthopantographs (OPG) were used in this study for determining anatomical locations. Pell and Gregory classification theory was used for evaluating degree of impaction of mandibular third molars. Winter's classification method calculated angulation of mandibular impacted third molar classified as mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, horizontal and buccolingual. Facial axis angle measurement was calculated by Dimaxis computer system. The p value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results: The impaction rate of mandibular 3 rd molars was 52% and mostly the impacted teeth were seen in mesioangular position (49.3%) followed by distoangular (22.7%) and vertical (20.2%). A significant difference between the percentage of impacted third molars within the brachyfacial, dolichofacial and mesofacial subjects (p=0.009). Conclusion: In almost all the cases, the mesioangular impaction was commonly noticed and further a significant difference was seen in relation to different types of facial skeletals. INTRODUCTION Tooth impaction is a pathological situation in which a tooth is failed to attain its normal functional position. It cannot perform its normal function because of malposition and also create disturbances for the patient. 1 It has been noted that third molars crypt formation starts at the age of 3 to 4, and calcification begins at 7 to 10 years of age. However, the time of eruption varies from 14 to 24 years in different populations. 2,3 Mandibular third molars which usually fail to erupt to their normal functional position due to short mandible or wrong angulation of eruption. 4 Broadbent believed that when a third molar became impacted, it was due to an inability of the mandible to achieve its full growth potential. 5 Begg claimed that there was insufficient forward movement of the dentition of modern man due to a lack of interproximal attrition which was observed to be greater in ancient skulls. 6 Forsberg demonstrated that failure of eruption and degree of arch crowding was proportional. 7 Numerous studies alao reported that mandibular third molars have significance impact on the growth pattern of facial structure. 2-5 Hattab and Alhaija showed that impacted mandibular molars were larger in size than erupted ones. Finally, impaction of mandibular molar has also been associated with the pattern of facial growth. 8 In contrast, Legovi ́c et al showed no significant difference A Retrospective evaluation of effect of diabetes on dental implants 3(3);2017 50 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(3);2017 between the position of mandibular M3 and the type of facial growth. 9 The facial skeleton grows in a forward and downward direction. In a ''mesofacial'' growth pattern, there is a relative harmony in these two directions, leading to a facial profile which is described cephalometrically by a 90 degree (±3) facial axis angle, or a 26 degree (±3) mandibular plane angle. Brachyfacial is the term used to describe the person with a short anterior face height and a wide face (''the short face syndrome''), and was described by Opdebeek and Bell. Both the mandibular plane angle and the gonial angle are relatively small and the ramus height is increased, cephalometrically >93 degree facial axis angle, or <29 degree mandibular plane angle. 10 Dolichofacial is the term used to describe a long anterior face height and a narrow face (''the long face syndrome''). There is a clockwise rotation of the mandible leading to a large mandibular plane angle and gonial angle but a relatively short ramus. Cephalometrically <90 degree facial axis angle, or >26 degree mandibular plane angle. 11 Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacted mandibular third molar positions in different skeletal facial types such as mesofacial, dolichofacial and brachyfacial. METHODOLOGY The study was planned in Indira Gandhi Govt Dental College Jammu during the time period of 2016 to 2017. The data was collected from the department of Oral Medicine & Radiology. Inclusion criteria for the study were cases having complete records of orthodontic history. Also cases with pre-orthodontic treatments, OPG having complete dentition and mandibular third molars which have root formation at least two-thirds complete. The age criterion of the study subjects was between 16 to 31 years. Around 150 cases were finalized for the investigation. Age, gender, impaction and its degree were recorded and its relationship to facial axis was assessed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and orthopantographs (OPG) were used in this study for determining anatomical locations. Pell and Gregory classification theory was used for evaluating degree of impaction of mandibular third molars. 12 This classification system involves two main classes: 1, 2, 3 and A, B, C. Classes 1, 2 and 3 relate to the relationship of the third molar to the anterior border of the ramus. Class 1 when mesiodistal (MD) width of tooth is completely anterior to the ramus, Class 2 when partly within the ramus, and Class 3 when completely within the ramus. Classes A, B and C relate to the occlusal height as compared to the adjacent second molar. Class A when level with the adjacent tooth, Class B when between the occlusal and cervical margins of the adjacent tooth, and Class C when the occlusal is below the cervical margin. 12 Winter's classification method calculated angulation of mandibular impacted third molar classified as mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, horizontal and buccolingual. 13 Facial axis angle measurement was calculated by Dimaxis computer system. The facial axis angle was measured as the posterior angle created by the lines BaNa and Pt-Gn. The mean was 90±2. An angle of >93was regarded brachyfacial, and an angle of <87was regarded dolichofacial. The Statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 was used for data analysis. Values were compared using chisquare test. The p value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The total sample of 150 subjects was selected as described according to age and gender in Table 1. The impaction rate of mandibular 3 rd molars was 52%, of A Retrospective evaluation of effect of diabetes on dental implants 3(3);2017 51 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(3);2017 Graph 1: Frequency of impaction and its location in the arch Graph 2: Different angulations of mandibular impacted third molars Graph 3: Prevalence of different skeletal face


1. Basic concepts I: common law statutes the enactment legal meaning factual outline and legal thrust implied ancillary rules 2. Basic concepts II: opposing constructions literal, purposive and developmental interpretations 3. Grammatical and strained meanings 4. Consequential and rectifying constructions 5. Contradictory enactments and updating construction 6. Drafting techniques and the Interpretation Act 7. Transitional provisions and the Cohen question 8. Words in pairs 9. Rules of interpretation 10. Legal policy 11. Interpretative presumptions 12. Linguistic canons and interpretative technique 13. The nature of judgment 14. The nature of discretion 15. The European Union and the HRA 16. The jurisprudential basis of the common law method 17. The common law system in America 18. Techniques of law management


Using reference frame formulations, simplified analytical models have been developed for superconducting magnets and storage batteries interfaced with conventional line commutated power converters. The simplified models account for the controllable dynamics of these units, while neglecting the higher frequency harmonics produced by the converter circuit. For purposes of verification, these simplified models were incorporated in a computer simulation of a one-machine/infinite-bus power system equivalent. The validity of the simplified models for control studies is demonstrated by comparison of waveforms taken from another more detailed simulation of the same power system. The studies performed on the one-machine system also provide some preliminary insight into the control of energy storage units for improving power system stability. Work has also begun in the development of reduced order models of induction machines, with primary emphasis on the doubly-fed machine. Eigenvalue and computer simulation studies are being conducted to determine the usefulness of the reduced order models. A tentative model for load variations has been established and appears to not conflict with available knowledge on such variations. The capacity has been developed to determine analytically the spectral density function of any signal that can be measured on a power system, given this load variation model.


In recent years, universities in the UK have developed recruitment strategies which have transformed the cultural context within which all students learn. Hospitality management degree programmes aim to provide future managers who possess the necessary skills to operate in an increasingly international industry. This article draws on two pieces of qualitative research to consider how far the experience of studying in a culturally diverse context enables students to develop the intercultural competencies necessary for managers in a global economy. Recommendations for future practice are made which would provide both host and international students with a learning environment which would better prepare them for the realities of managing diversity in the contemporary hospitality industry.


Hospital based Emergency Departments (EDs) serve as the primary gateway to the acute healthcare system, are struggling to provide timely care to a steadily increasing number of unscheduled visits. It is a highly integrated service units that primarily handles the needs of the patients arriving without prior appointment, and with uncertain conditions. In this context, analysis and management of patient flows play a key role in developing policies and decision tools for overall performance improvement of the system. However, patient flows in EDs are considered to be very complex because of the different pathways patients may take and the inherent uncertainty and variability of healthcare processes. Due to the complexity and crucial role of an ED in the healthcare system, the ability to accurately represent, simulate and predict performance of ED is invaluable for decision makers to solve operations management problems. One way to realize this requirement is by modeling and simulation.


Unusually high blood pressure during exercise is called a hypertensive response to exercise (HRE). To assess the relation between HRE (maximum BP ≥210/105 mm Hg for men, ≥190/105 mm Hg for women) and systolic and diastolic function, investigators in Australia studied 58 patients with normal resting left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) …


5553 Background: In patients with high-grade ovarian cancer in first-line setting, predictive factors of bevacizumab efficacy are needed, for selecting patients. In ICON-7 trial, a poor tumor intrisic chemosensitivity (defined by unfavorable modeled CA-125 kinetic ELIMination rate constant KELIM) was a predictive biomarker. Among patients with high-risk diseases, only those with unfavorable KELIM had survival benefit from bevacizumab (mOS: 29.7 vs 20.6 months, HR = 0.78)(Colomban. JNCI CS 2020). The objective was to perform an external validation in GOG-0218 trial (NCT00262847). Methods: In GOG-0218, 1,873 patients were treated with carboplatin-paclitaxel +/- concurrent bevacizumab/placebo followed by a 15 month maintenance. Patient KELIM values were estimated with longitudinal CA-125 kinetics during the first 100 chemotherapy days. The association between KELIM score (categorized as favorable ≥ 1, or unfavorable < 1) and efficacy of bevacizumab (bevacizumab-concurrent + maintenance, vs placebo) for PFS and OS was assessed using univariate/multivariate analyses, in a Training set with 2/3 patients managed the investigators, and then a Validation set with all patients, managed by NGR-GOG. Results: KELIM was assessable in 1,662 patients with ≥ 3 CA-125 available values. In both sets, the patients with unfavorable KELIM derived benefit from bevacizumab compared to placebo (Training: PFS, HR = 0.65 [0.54-0.80]; OS, HR = 0.80 [0.65-0.99]; Validation: PFS, HR = 0.69 [0.59-0.82]; OS, HR = 0.87 [0.73-1.03]), whilst those with favorable KELIM had no benefit from bevacizumab (Training: PFS, HR = 0.96 [0.75-1.23]; OS, HR = 1.05 [0.80-1.37]; Validation, PFS, HR = 0.96 [0.79-1.17]; OS HR = 1.11 [0.89-1.84]). The highest benefit was observed in patients with high-risk diseases (stage IV or sub-optimally resected stage III) characterized by unfavorable KELIM, for PFS (Learning (n = 276): mPFS: 9.0 vs 5.2 months, HR = 0.61 [0.48-0.78]; Validation (n = 433): mPFS: 9.1 vs 5.6 months, HR = 0.64 [0.53-0.78]), and for OS (Learning (n = 278): mOS: 38.9 vs 27.9 months, HR = 0.72 [0.56-0.93], Validation set (n = 438): mOS: 35.1 vs 29.1 months, HR = 0.79 [0.65-0.97]). Conclusions: This validation analysis of GOG-0218 trial confirms the outcomes of ICON-7 trial about the association between poor tumor chemosensitivity and benefit from concurrent + maintenance bevacizumab, suggesting that bevacizumab is mainly effective in patients with poorly chemosensitive diseases. No benefit was found in patients with favorable KELIM. The patients who derived the highest benefit from bevacizumab in PFS and OS (OS absolute benefit ̃ 6 to 9 months) were those with high-risk diseases (stage IV, or incompletely resected stage III) associated with an unfavorable KELIM score (calculator on https://www.biomarker-kinetics.org/CA-125).


In Chapter 4, we studied several specific multiple access techniques (TDMA/FDMA, CDMA, OFDM) designed to share the channel among several users. A natural question is: what are the " optimal " multiple access schemes? To address this question, one must now step back and take a fundamental look at the multiuser channels themselves. Information theory can be generalized from the point-to-point scenario, considered in Chapter 5, to the multiuser ones, providing limits to multiuser communications and suggesting optimal multiple access strategies. New techniques and concepts such as successive cancellation, superposition coding and multiuser diversity emerge. The first part of the chapter focuses on the uplink (many-to-one) and downlink (one-to-many) AWGN channel without fading. For the uplink, an optimal multiple access strategy is for all users to spread their signal across the entire bandwidth, much like in the CDMA system in Chapter 4. However, rather than decoding every user treating the interference from other users as noise, a successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver is needed to achieve capacity. That is, after one user is decoded, its signal is stripped away from the aggregate received signal before the next user is decoded. A similar strategy is optimal for the downlink, with signals for the users superimposed on top of each other and SIC done at the mobiles: each user decodes the information intended for all of the weaker users and strips them off before decoding its own. It is shown that in situations where users have very disparate channels to the base-station, CDMA together with successive cancellation can offer significant gains over the conventional multiple access techniques discussed in Chapter 4. In the second part of the chapter, we shift our focus to multiuser fading channels. One of the main insights learnt in Chapter 5 is that, for fast fading channels, the ability to track the channel at the transmitter can increase point-to-point capacity by opportunistic communication: transmitting at high rates when the channel is good, and at low rates or not at all when the channel is poor. We extend this insight to the multiuser setting, both for the uplink 228 229 6.1 Uplink AWGN channel and for the downlink. The performance gain of opportunistic communication comes from exploiting the fluctuations of the fading channel. Compared to the point-to-point setting, the multiuser settings offer more opportunities to exploit. In addition to the choice of when to transmit, there is now an …


A 35-year-old epileptic male patient was admitted with newly onset abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, pruritus and weight loss. The abdominal ultrasonography (US) showed ductal criteria for chronic pancreatitis (CP): irregular duct contour, visible side branches, hyperechoic duct margins and dilated main duct (Fig. 1, arrows). Blood tests showed cholestasis, elevated transaminases and significant lipase elevation. The upper digestive endoscopy using the side-viewing endoscope revealed the loss of duodenal folds with scalloping appearance. Advancing towards the second part of the duodenum this aspect became more irregular with an infiltrative and stenosing appearance. The biopsies showed poorly differentiated duodenal adenocarcinoma with diffuse areas of signet ring cells (Fig. 2, screen arrows), respectively marked villous atrophy: Corazza-Villanacci grade B2 (Fig. 3). The anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive at high titer, same as HLA DQ2. Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, with clear resection margins (G3, pT3N0M0). Following surgery, besides the jaundice remission, the patient's neurological status considerably improved under the optimized treatment and a gluten free diet. At 6 months follow-up there were no signs of tumor residue, the patient gained weight, US revealed no signs of pancreatitis and the seizures bouts were less frequent.


Article is devoted consideration of results of the most known operating time in sphere of research of problems of crisis in modern system of sociological knowledge in a context of a substantiation of the reasons its occurrence and search of possible strategy of its overcoming


Abstract: We developed three black bear (   Ursus americanus) habitat models in the context of a geographic information system to identify linkage areas across a major transportation corridor. One model was based on empirical habitat data, and the other two (opinion‐ and literature‐based) were based on expert information developed in a multicriteria decision‐making process. We validated the performance of the models with an independent data set. Four classes of highway linkage zones were generated. Class 3 linkages were the most accurate for mapping cross‐highway movement. Our tests showed that the model based on expert literature most closely approximated the empirical model, both in the results of statistical tests and the description of the class 3 linkages. In addition, the expert literature–based model was consistently more similar to the empirical model than either of two seasonal, expert opinion–based models. Among the expert models, the literature‐based model had the strongest correlation with the empirical model. Expert‐opinion models were less in agreement with the empirical model. The poor performance of the expert‐opinion model may be explained by an overestimation of the importance of riparian habitat by experts compared with the literature. A small portion of the empirical data to test the models was from the pre‐berry season and may have affected how well the model predicted linkage areas. Our empirical and expert models represent useful tools for resource and transportation planners charged with determining the location of mitigation passages for wildlife when baseline information is lacking and when time constraints do not allow for data collection before construction.


The utility model relates to a portable multiple-gas intelligent detection device, and provides a portable multiple-gas intelligent detection alarming device which mainly includes a GSM communication module, a three-path gas sensor detection matrix, a signal conversion circuit, an MSP430 microprocessor, a display control circuit module, a system power supply module, an SD card storage module, a sound-light alarming module, mobile terminal equipment, an upper computer data processing module, and the like. The detection alarming device is convenient for handheld measurement, can be fixed and used for real-time data acquisition, storage and transmission; when the alarming device is used, firstly, three corresponding sensors are selected as required, are mounted on the sensor matrix, and are subjected to hardware and software calibration through a signal conditioning circuit and a keyboard, then after required parameters are set, the system can be used for regularly collecting and detecting gas as required, and data obtained after detection is saved in an SD card, and is regularly sent to the upper computer data processing module at the same time; when the concentration of measured gas exceeds the safety range, the system gives a sound-light alarm and sends an alarming message, so that the real-time monitoring alarming function is realized.


Climate change, ozone effects on forests as well as the loss of biodiversity are nowadays the top priorities of environmental monitoring programmes in Europe. The first set of twenty Level II PMPs (Permanent Monitoring Plots) of the CONECOFOR programme was installed in 1995. At the moment, the intensive monitoring network includes 31 PMPs. All the plots were framed into the UN/ECE ICP-Forests; since 1998, 10 plots were also included into the UN/ECE ICP-IM as bio-monitoring sites. With the entering into force of EC Regulation Forest Focus, these new priorities found an EU legal basis for co-funding the related pilot projects, developed at trans-national level in the field of forest biodiversity monitoring: ForestBIOTA and BioSoil. In the frame of the EEA programme SEBI2010, a specific qualitative forest indicator has been developed by the Italian Forest Service. The Forest Status Indicator is based on sub-indicators identified and implemented at pan-European and National level, such as tree condition, forest structure, deadwood, plant species composition and naturalness, mostly available at European level and collected according to harmonized methods. In 2004, the Italian Forest Service (CONECOFOR Board) joined the Network of Excellence ALTER-Net. The participation to ALTER-Net gave the opportunity to Italy to become official member of the International Long Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) in 2006: four LTER-Italy sites include forest environments and 10 research stations (plots) belong to CONECOFOR Level II network. At international level, CONECOFOR is the leader in FutDiv proposal (Future Forest Biodiversity Monitoring in Europe) and an associated beneficiary in the FutMon proposal (Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest Monitoring System), already submitted under the EC Regulation LIFE+.


Earthquakes as a natural phenomenon have caused many casualties and property.for the examples human casualties from the Aceh earthquake on December 26th, 2006 more than 180 thousand people, the Nias earthquake on March 15th, 2005 have more than 3000 of victims andlast  the Yogyakarta earthquake on 27th May 2006 over 5700 victims. Based on observations most of the human victims caused by falling by the collapsed building. One of the elements of the building that is easy to fail when an earthquake strike is part of the wall.The walls are composed of clay bricks or concrete bricks only able to withstand axial force but weak in resisting lateral force perpendicular to the plane. Innovation model of brick to overcome the problem is batako interlocking system. Batako hooks (Interlock block) is a wall building material that has a hook to lock movement due to lateral force. Interlock block is the development of the brick by adding lips on certain sides as a lock. The developed brick model with a dimensions length of 30 cm, height of 15 cm and thickness of 10 cm, which is equipped with bulge / lips on all four sides. The portion of the mixture used is 1 cement: 5 sand. The molded brick was applied to a wall-mounted pairs product with a length of 1.5 m and a height of 1 m. Based on the calculation of material requirement from brick wall, it is known that the specific material for inserting an interlocking brick is 25% less than conventional batako pairs, besides the time required to obtain a neat pair of interlocking bricks is 7.5 minutes faster when compared with Installation of conventional brick.


Mice susceptible and resistant to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were infected with this virus and livers were harvested after 2–231 days. Cryostat sections were stained to visualize cells bearing CD4, CDS8 or Mac‐1 antigens. Mac‐1+ cells were prevalent in inflammatory foci after 2 days. These cells persisted in susceptible BALB/c and A/J mice, but disappeared from livers of resistant C57BI/6 and CBA/CaH mice by day 28. T cell inflammation peaked on days 7–11. This declined by day 56 in C57BI/6 and CBA/CaH mice, but persisted in BALB/c and A/J mice for at least 231 days. Persistent CD8+ cells were dispersed throughout the parenchyma. More CD8+ cells were observed 7–14 days after infection in the livers of bg/bg (natural killer (NK) cell‐deficient) C57B1/6 and CBA mice, and in C57BI/6 mice depleted of NK 1.1 cells by MoAb. Thus, mice of strains susceptible to MCMV exhibit hepatitis characterized by persistence of dispersed CD8+ cells. This phenomenon may be limited by NK ceils in resistant strains.


Dept. of Pathology Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Industrial Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Korea Labor Welfare Corporation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Dept. of Pathology School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Chonbuk National University, Medical School Konyang University College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kwandong University


In research on making coal-oil slurry with heavy oil and coal tar as oil phase,the paper mainly investigates the effect of temperature,the properties of pulverized coal,addition volume of pulverized coal,and the effect of mixing proportion and particle size of pulverized coal on viscosity of the coal-oil slurry. The results show that with the temperature increasing the coal-oil slurry viscosity is decreasing. When mixing proportion of heavy oil and coal tar (V/V) is 3∶1,the decreasing ratio of coal-oil slurry viscosity to the temperature is 234.5 mPa·s/℃. When the mixing proportion is 7∶1,the decreasing ratio is 302 mPa·s/℃. The viscosity of coal-oil slurry is obviously affected by temperature change. To some extent the high-ash coal benefits the reduction of coal-oil slurry viscosity and addition of the coal of high carbon also benefits the viscosity reduction. The relation between coal-oil slurry viscosity and coal particle size accords with "N" model. The optimum coal particle size added to oil-coal slurry is 250 to 300 meshes.


Cainan-Shixi pipeline,when operating with full-filled oil,the oil treating performance of the PPD was remarkable. When the flow rate was lower,the pipeline section after the control point can not be fulfilled, the gel points tested in Cainan inlet were dramatically increased and then the effect of the PPD was seriously affected. The paper proposes two solutions and considers that one of them-alternate full-filled flow transportation may solve the problem.


The potential for dust and gas explosions in the process industries has been long recognized. Potentially explosive materials are handled in large quantities on a daily basis. A specific hazard associated with conveying materials into incinerators and thermal oxidizers involves the potential for deflagration propagation through process pipes and ducts back into the plant.


Objective To explore the associations between different clinical stages(HBeAg negative and HBeAg positive CHB) and serum HBV DNA level or indicators of liver function(ALT/AST) in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods HBV DNA level and serum ALT/AST were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR and velocity methods separately and the associations between HBV DNA level and serum ALT/AST both in HBeAg negative CHB and HBeAg positive CHB patients were analyzed accordingly.Results The average age of eAg-CHB patients were elder than that of eAg+CHB patients(P0.01).Serum HBV DNA level was higher in eAg-CHB patients than in eAg+CHB patients(P0.01) and ALT/AST displayed the opposite trend(P0.01).Serum HBV DNA level was positively correlated with serum ALT/AST in eAg-CHB patients(P0.05) and no similar correlation was found in eAg+ CHB patients.Conclusion The different clinical CHB stages shows different virological and biochemical characteristics.Positive serum HBeAg is an effective indicator of HBV high intrahepatic replication and no correlation were presented between HBV DNA level and intrahepatic inflammation in eAg+ CHB patients.However,HBV DNA level is closely correlated with liver function parameters(ALT/AST) in eAg-CHB patients.It is emphasized that more attention should be paid to clinical treatment and follow-up monitoring of e——CHB patients.


l of plasma obtained by retroorbital phlebotomy from pregnant females receiving empty or Dkk1 ADV using anti-His probe antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) as previously described (Kuhnert et al., 2004). To further explore the consequence of Wnt inhibition on blastocyst implantation, we applied small-molecule inhibitors of the (cid:2) -catenin-Tcf complex, PKF115-584 and CGP049090 (Novartis) (Lepourcelet The activation of the blastocyst, a process by which it gains competency to attach with the receptive uterus, is a prerequisite for successful implantation. However, the molecular basis of blastocyst activation remains largely unexplored. Combining molecular, pharmacological and physiological approaches, we show here that silencing of Wnt- (cid:2) -catenin signaling in mice does not adversely affect the development of preimplantation embryos to blastocysts and uterine preparation for receptivity, but, remarkably, blocks blastocyst competency to implantation. Using the physiologically relevant delayed implantation model and trophoblast stem cells in culture, we further demonstrate that a coordinated activation of canonical Wnt- (cid:2) -catenin signaling with attenuation of the non-canonical Wnt-RhoA signaling pathway ensures blastocyst competency to implantation. These findings constitute novel evidence that Wnt signaling is at least one pathway that determines blastocyst competency for implantation.


A newly prepared palate of the moschorhinid therocephalian Promoschorhynchus platyrhinus from the Upper Permian region of South Africa was used for reconsidering the initial evolutionary development of the secondary palate of mammals. The very distinctive choanal crests are considered to be indicative of strong choanal folds that were probably already fused anteriorly. This gingival bridge probably served as the basis for the outgrowing bony processes of the hard palate that, in therapsids, developed independently at least three times. The soft palate (velum palatinum) is considered to be a remnant of the choanal folds that were muscularized from behind. It has been assumed that, in therapsids, a ventral portion of the medial pterygoid musculature shifted its insertion onto the ventral side of the pterygoid; this portion is supposed to have differentiated into the mm. tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. Investigation of serial sections of extant marsupials confirm the view that the levator of the velum is derived from the upper constrictor of the pharynx. The choanal folds and the secondary palate are discussed within the wider framework of the evolutionary biology of mammalian forerunners. It is suggested that the formation of a sealed mouth cavity is not only related to the improved passage of air, but also to sucking in neonate hatchlings. The importance of the secondary palate of mammals to a number of resulting basic adaptations (dentition, olfactory system, etc.) of mammals is discussed.


This article explores when and how punitive damages should be applied in securities arbitration. It briefly outlines the nature of punitive damages and traces the background of securities arbitration. It then proceeds to explore whether punitive damages, in any form permitted in courtroom litigation, should be available for use as a remedy by non-judicial arbitrators sitting in consensual forums involving securities disputes.


Strontium Bismuth Tantalate (SrBi2Ta2O9) was synthesized by a co-precipitation technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and dielectric measurements. The powder was synthesized from aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3, Sr(NO3)2 and TaO5 by a precipitation in a strong alkaline solution. By X-ray diffraction, the single-phased perovskite SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) was obtained at 800


Using Foucault's (1977, 1978) notion of panoptic method of governmentality and looking at the case of Singapore's Internet policy, this paper attempts to expand on the idea-and ideals-of 'auto-regulation'(Lee, 2000, pp. 4-5; Lee & Birch, 2000). Auto-regulation, as I shall posit in this paper, provides a way for regulatory enforcement and surveillance to become sufficiently transparent and 'normalised' so that 'the exercise of power may be supervised by society as a whole'(Foucault, 1977, pp.207-208) rather than by a select group of policy and law enforcement officers, or civil society /activist groups.


In the digital era, undoubtedly, e-health is a major contributor for decision support, education, research and management activities in healthcare. It provides tremendous benefits by easy store and access to data. This easiness brings a big problem together with the benefits. Users have easy access to vast amount of sensitive health data about patients. This may give way to misuse and abuse. That is why the concepts of privacy and security becomes very popular and point of major concern. This chapter is a descriptive study aimed to give principles of these concepts and invoke awareness about.


The contrast of radial compressive property of several kinds of braiding conduits during vivo degradation is discussed. The influence of parameters such as inner diameter and means of coating on radial compressive property,including compressive strength, loss rate of compressive strength and tensile recovery; is analysed. It is concluded that the compressive property of coating conduits is better than uncoating ones. And for conduits of different inner diameters,the bigger ones have better tensile recovery but worse compressive property.


A cardinal role is played by the benign immune system in our body in defending different types of infectious diseases as well as continuous surveillance of its elements actively remove malfunctioning cells that could be dangerous to the body if retained as such. The whole immune system is elegantly coordinated through complex pathways via thousands of proteins, chemicals, and other types of bioactive mediators. However, if any type of exaggeration or inappropriateness occurs in the elements of this system, it leads to several fatal disorders. Such disorders range from hypersensitive or allergic reactions to numerous derangements like loss of normal ability to differentiate non-self from self, resulting in immune actions against body own tissues and cells called auto-immune disorders. Various endogenous and exogenous factors termed immunomodulators interact with the elements of the immune system to bring about an amplification or suppression of an immune response and are thus incorporated in achieving a specific therapeutic goal. Currently, in use immunostimulants, immunoadjuvants, and immunosuppressants pose a great threat to normal cellular functions. It is thus the utmost need of the hour that current research should be much focused on the development of novel immunomodulating agents especially incorporating the strategies of nanotechnology. This review is aimed at providing some details on the currently used immunomodulators in modulating the immune responses as well as the need for the development of novel phytochemical-based immunomodulating agents. This review is a humble attempt to encourage the researchers to perform their research in this field.


Using information technology to enhance the effectiveness of learner knows as e-learning become a new look for future learning over the past few years. Many studies pointed out that e-learning is useful for user's learning. Obviously, e-learning has many benefits. But it lack of providing effective tools of interactive and cooperation in traditional e-learning, therefore, those students have lower active motivation when they studying. Web 2.0 with cooperative learning and knowledge-sharing emphasize interaction of information. With the Web 2.0; traditional e- learning are also be influenced and evolving into e-learning 2.0 gradually. The main application of e-learning 2.0 is applying Web 2.0 into e-learning. To strengthen active participation, adding "rewarding" to improve motivation. "Participation" is an important factor affecting the learning process. But in the past for learners in the e-learning 2.0, involvement with the impact of learning research is few. We used quasi-experimental, the users were divided into experimental and control group, and in the process of adding "rewarding" and "participation" considerations, understand the impact of their learning. The results showed experimental group students hold positive learning satisfaction and grade are higher than the control group students. Different level participation students have significant differences in academic achievement. Some researchers pointed out that the prolonged use of digital learning will bring significant benefits. Future studies hope to add other courses and to extend the experimental time. In addition, adding "quality" of the consideration of participation also a good way to try.


This article reviews and classifies systematically the present mental health education models,which are Education-tutorship Model,Four-Combination Model,Five-Combination Model,Six combination Model,Systematic Model and Developmental Tutorship Model,Tutor-Goal Behavior Model,Tutor-Psychology Education Model,Tutor-All Participated Model in middle schools and elementary schools at home and abroad,then puts forward trend of model of mental health education in middle schools and elementary schools under the background of new curriculum reform on the basis of the review.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to simultaneously measure the relative phase noise of all modes of two mode-locked lasers. The method is based on the numerical analysis of a beat note of two lasers with slightly different pulse repetition rates. We carefully analyze and experimentally demonstrate the potential of this method. Compared to other methods, it has the unique advantage that it provides access to correlations of the phases of different modes. PACS 42.60.Mi; 42.60.Fc


Urban visibility analysis deals with the computation and analysis of urban open spaces and street networks. Traditionally, due to it's predominantly architecture-discipline related lineage, urban visibility analysis was mostly carried out in the fields of architecture and urban planning. However, recently GIS researchers have used urban visibility analysis for pedestrian simulation, planning of visual surveillance and analysis of the structure of open spaces. The aim of this talk is to demonstrate the concepts and GIS-based implementation of ray tracing techniques for the computation of visibility in urban open spaces. Ray tracing is a fairly common computer graphics technique for identifying visible objects in a scene (e.g. in computer games). In ray tracing, a line of sight or ray is drawn at very small equal angular intervals (<=0.1 degrees) from the viewpoint and the intersection points of the ray with the obstacles are collated to form the scene visible from the viewpoint. A simple ray tracing is computationally very demanding hence it will be shown how heuristics such as Binary Space Partitioning can be used to reduce the computation time significantly. Paper will demonstrate the Isovist Analyst, an extension to the popular GIS ArcView, which incorporates the ray tracing approach for visibility computation. As examples, talk will demonstrate the use of visibility computation in planning visual surveillance, pedestrian simulation, and characterizing the structure of open spaces.


Bali's high level of tourism has implications for the increased mobility of tourists and trade activities. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out further studies related to air quality, mainly due to sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollutants in Bali, using a scientific and measurable approach. This study analyzes changes in the concentration and spatial distribution patterns of SO2 pollutants in Bali Island for the 2011-2020 period. The data used in this study are the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite rainfall. The concentration of SO2 pollutants in Bali Island fluctuates and has an opposite trend with the rainfall amount. The concentration of SO2 pollutants for ten years on the island of Bali is between 3 and 253 μg/m3, with monthly average concentrations in the range of 34-83 μg/m3. Some concentration of SO2 pollutants exceeds the quality standard, 75 μg/m3 based on Indonesian Government Regulations No. 22 in 2021 occurred in 22 of the 120 months of observation. Natural factors and anthropogenic factors influence the spatial distribution of SO2 for ten years in Bali Island.


The monzogranite of El Fereyid is one of the rare metal – rich granites, where zircon is one of the ore minerals. Thus, studying zircon here is of vital importance. Most of the studied zircon grains are metamict and thus the loss of radiogenic Pb is detected for them. Nevertheless, our study allowed us to obtain the U – Pb (SHRIMP – II) age of magmatic crystallization for the El Fereyid monzogranite: 626 ± 13 Ma. These data allowed the cor-rection of earlier determined age (K – Ar system in biotite) for the El Fereyid massif. Zircon grains of El Fereyid monzogranite demonstrate heterogeneous structure in CL images, they are rich in rare earth elements (REE, concentration 3000 – 22500 ppm), trace elements (U: 2000 – 14800 ppm, Th: 300 – 2500 ppm), and has low Th/U ratios (average 0.18). Most zircon grains exhibit multiple internal oscillatory zoning in CL images, indicating a typical magmatic origin. The core of zircon grain has a dark tone on CL imaging and magmatic – type REE spectra. Zircon cores are enriched in REEs, U, Th, and Y, thus recording that the magma was rich in incompatible elements. Light CL rims of zircon grains are depleted, relative to the cores in most of the trace elements, except for P, Ca, and Ti. REE spectra in rims show similar patterns that are more often demonstrated by hydrothermal zircon grains. This explains their crystallization in the late – magmatic stage when magma was rich in fl uids but depleted in most of the trace elements.


Robert Wilson and Heiner Muller collaborated for the first time in 1983 on the Cologne section of the CIVIL warS: a tree is best measured when it is down. Much of the material for Muller's text came from the earlier play Gundling's Life Frederick of Prussia Lessing' s Sleep Dream Scream. Wilson conceived of the CIVIL warS as a twelve-hour multilingual epic, exploring the theme of civil war from many different cultural perspectives. Wilson worked on the CIVIL warS for over six years on three continents. Sections premiered in Japan, Minneapolis, Rotterdam, Rome, Marseille, and Cologne. Wilson intended to present the entire work at the Olympic Arts Festival in Los Angeles in 1984, but the project was cancelled for lack of funds.


The clinical case study, although in disfavor among many clinical researchers, can be extremely useful to practicing clinicians, most of whom do not consume nor utilize experimental clinical research. It is argued that the case study method is important as the "discovery" step in the empirical-scientific chain of inquiry, as a means of training clinicians, and as a forum for professional communication. Ways of improving the clinical case study include peer review; the provision of sufficient material to allow for adequate evaluation; the inclusion of transcripts; the use of single case research methods when appropriate; speculation about competing explanations for any change noted; and the encouragement of publishing case failures as well as successes.


This paper focuses on the impact of school community relationship as propulsion for quality assurance practices in secondary schools in Nigeria. The study is an impulse which presents and explains such conceptual issues as: education, quality assurance, and the roles of government in planned curriculum, school and community partnership building, Importance of school community relationship, school community partnership building, school management and leadership and effective quality assurance of teacher and student. The paper therefore sought and found quality assurance in education as a systematic management, monitoring and evaluation procedure adopted to measure the performance of school administration, and improvement drives coming from principals/teacher quality and instructional effectiveness as essential factors in the classroom as inputs/outputs drive. Furthermore, it recommended that Parents and teachers should not allow the management of their schools to the hands of the school administrators alone hence their contribution is vital and necessary for the development of the schools. School managers should create a conducive environment for old students associations to effectively operate in their schools and where they are not in existence, the school heads should find ways of bringing the old students together for the benefit of the school and the community in general. Schools should also provide enough advisory committee members that can be able to guide both teachers and learners to achieve their objectives in life and the plans of the school. Then recommended that, partnership envisaged cuts across different, but mutually inclusive groups of stakeholders: the private sector, international development agencies and families of learners being the utmost benefactors of the products of the educational system, who needed to be co-opted into the pursuit of quality education in secondary schools in Nigeria by government. Article visualizations:


A semiautonomous roving vehicle is suitable for planetary exploration before the establishment of a human presence there. Such a vehicle uses cameras for acquiring visual input during daylight operations and low-light-level intensified cameras forscene input at night. It must, therefore, operate over a wide range of illumination. Solar illumination presents challenging input to the correlator because different portions of objects are illuminated, and shaded areas vary with the object-illumination angle.


- The first low redatance, low 10ss US joint for ITRR was tested at the MIT faality. Teat results and analysis on the AC losses in the US Preprototype lTRR joint with different field orientation, with and without transport current are presented. Loasea in the joint components are evaluated; measures to improve the joint performance are discussed.


SPYREAS, G., D.J. GIBSON, AND M.A. BASINGER. (Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901). Endophyte infection levels of native and naturalized fescues in Illinois and England. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:25-34. 2001.-Fungal endophytes are thought to play a major role in the ecology of many cool-season grasses. However, the frequency of endophyte infection in the wild remains poorly known. Populations of wild fescues were tested for systemic fungal endophyte infection by taking samples from four native or naturalized species throughout southern Illinois (Festuca arundinacea, F. rubra, F. obtusa, and F. paradoxa), and one of these species (F. arundinacea) from native populations in England. The two grasses native to southern Illinois (F. obtusa and F. paradoxa) were highly infected (mean infection of 91 % and 100 %, respectively). The introduced grass F. rubra was uninfected. Festuca arundinacea showed variable levels of infection among populations in both southern Illinois and England (71 % and 64 %, respectively). The role of endophytes in natural systems is contingent upon infection levels that appear to vary widely among these four species. Furthermore, the use of agricultural cultivars may differentially affect infection levels of naturalized plants.


As NASA s Dawn spacecraft explores the surface of Vesta, it has become abundantly clear that Vesta is like no other planetary body visited to date. Dawn is collecting global data at increasingly higher spatial resolution during its one-year orbital mission. The bulk properties of Vesta have previously been linked to the HED meteorites through remote mineral characterization of its surface from Earth-based spectroscopy. A principal puzzle has been why Vesta exhibits relatively unweathered diagnostic optical features compared to other large asteroids. Is this due to the composition of this proto-planet or the space environment at Vesta? Alteration or weathering of materials in space normally develops as the products of several processes accumulate on the surface or in an evolving particulate regolith, transforming the bedrock into fragmental material with properties that may be measurably different from the original. Data from Dawn reveal that the regolith of Vesta is exceptionally diverse. Regional surface units are observed that have not been erased by weathering with time. Several morphologically-fresh craters have excavated bright, mafic-rich materials and exhibit bright ray systems. Some of the larger craters have surrounding subdued regions (often asymmetric) that are lower in albedo and relatively red-sloped in the visible while exhibiting weaker mafic signatures. Several other prominent craters have rim exposures containing very dark material and/or display a system of prominent dark rays. Most, but not all, dark areas associated with craters exhibit significantly lower spectral contrast, suggesting that either a Vesta lithology with an opaque component has been exposed locally or that the surface has been contaminated by a relatively dark impactor. Similarly, most, but not all, bright areas associated with craters exhibit enhanced mafic signatures compared to surroundings. On a regional scale, the large south polar structure and surrounding terrain exhibit relatively strong mafic absorption features, suggesting either a concentration of mafic materials or that materials exposed have been less affected by space weathering products. These combined initial observations indicate some space weathering processes are active in this part of the main asteroid belt, but are highly variable across the surface of Vesta. Such processes include: impacts from wandering asteroidal debris and local mixing at both micro- and macro-scales, irradiation by solar wind and galactic particles, production and distribution of impact breccias or melt products, and local movement of materials to gravity lows (gradual as well as sudden).


Summary cDNAs for protein C inhibitor (PCI) were cloned from human and rhesus monkey 1 liver RNAs by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequencing showed that rhesus monkey and human PCI cDNAs were 93% identical. Predicted amino acid sequences differed at 26 of 387 residues. Pour of these differences (T352M, N359S, R362K, L3631) were in the reactive center loop that is important for inhibitory specificity, and two were in the N-terminal helix (M8T, E13K) that is implicated in glycosaminoglycan binding. PCI in human or rhesus monkey plasma showed comparable inhibitory activity towards human activated protein C in the presence of 10 U/ml heparin. However, maximal acceleration of the inhibition of activated protein C required 5-fold lower heparin concentration for rhesus monkey than for human plasma, consistent with the interpretation that the additional positive charge (E13K) in a putative-heparin binding region increased the affinity for heparin.


The journal editor proposes the creation of Doctor Saving Time, an hour a day that would allow physicians to spend their time in more useful and healthy ways than on the burden of administrative paperwork. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


About the Series ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Locating Feminist Activism 1 Part 1: Community Organizing and Commercial Space 1. "Someone or Something Made That a Women's Bar": Claiming the Nighttime Marketplace 25 2. "Don't Steal It, Read It Here": Building Community in the Marketplace 62 Part 2: Public Assertion and Civic Space 3. "Kind of Like Mecca": Playgrounds, Players, and Women's Movement 105 4. Out in Left Field: Feminist Movement and Civic Athletic Space 145 Part 3: Politicizing Place and Feminist Institutions 5. Finding the Limit of Women's Autonomy: Shelters, Health Clinics, and the Practice of Property 177 6. If I Can't Dance Shirtless, It's Not a Revolution: Coffeehouse, Clubs, and the Construction of "All Women" 217 Conclusion: Recognizing the Subject of Feminist Activism 252 Notes 269 Bibliography 335 Index 357


Photovoltaic power generation, a key renewable energy resource, commonly uses wafer-based crystalline silicon solar cells. An alternative is thin-film silicon solar cells (TFSSCs), which would particularly benefit systems with generation capacity of more than one gigawatt because of the abundance and non-toxicity of their source materials. In TFSSCs, trapping the incident light within thin silicon films is crucial to improve the photon absorption and conversion efficiency. To scatter the incident light and elongate the optical path length inside the cell, TFSSCs use textured substrates, which normally have randomized textures with sizes ranging from sub-microns to several microns. Potentially, a TFSSC's optical path length can be enhanced by a factor of 4n2, where n is the refractive index of thin-film silicon.1 In recent years, developers have sought a more sophisticated platform for light trapping, studying periodically textured substrates or surface gratings.2, 3 For example, if we apply an optimized periodic texture to amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells, it improves the conversion efficiency as well as the shortcircuit current density (JSC) at the same level as state-of-theart random textures.3 However, we have yet to demonstrate the full potential of using periodic textures in microcrystalline silicon ( c-Si:H) solar cells, which need more efficient light confinement because of their very small absorption coefficient in the IR region. Excessively steep textures, such as binary surface-relief gratings or pyramidal textures with V-shaped valleys, can induce defects in c-Si:H films and impair photovoltaic performance,4 so it is important to find textures that are suitable for high-quality film growth as well as good light confinement. Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope images of four periodic honeycomb textures for thin microcrystalline solar cells with periods of (a) 1 m, (b) 1.5 m, (c) 2 m, and (d) 3 m.


1. CERCOSEPTORIA LEPTOSPERMA (Peck) Petrak. On living leaves of Aralia sp. Allegheny National Forest, Pa., June 29, 1933. Spores 40-80 X 1-1.5 /, on indistinct pale yellowish green spots 2-7 mm. long and broad. Conidiophores barely protruding through the stomata. Peck describes the spores as slightly enlarged at one end and septate in that region, but in my collection the septa seem to be about equally spaced, usually 3 in number. It is an inconspicuous fungus with somewhat the appearance of a Microstroina. The genus Cercoseptoria seems almost superfluous and is not to be sharply delimited from either Ramularia or Cercosporella. The practice of separating borderline or intermediate species into new genera has little to commend it.


By analysis of each precursor data of Linfen central seismological station before the Haixi,Qinghai Ms6.4 earthquake,it is found that the pronounced precursor wave was recorded by quartz tiltmeter in SN direction 6 days prior to the earthquake.Meanwhile,obvious jump anomaly of ratio values of short polar distance over long one of geoelectric field in EW direction one day prior to the earthquake and impending anomaly 2h prior to the earthquake turned up,respectively.


Step-by-step analytical and experimental investigations of the structural system residual operational life using organic fertilizer spreader PRT-9 are developed in this paper. Increased requirements for metal consumption indicators and reliability of solid fertilizer spreaders are associated with ensuring the strength and durability of their components and units. The agricultural machine frame is the welded metal structure, made mainly of thin-walled elements of open and closed intersections, operating mainly for bending and torsion. The most common defects of such intersections are fatigue edge cracks.


In order to contrast the pedagogies and results, the class of final year, divided into two strings-The PBL string and the Traditional string. PBL class could not support a large size; the number was limited to 25. Traditional String was quite traditional with the students sitting in the classroom in rows, facing the teacher. The demarcation of Lecture, Tutorial and Practical classes was quite clear. The teacher gave lecture in lecture classes, made the students practice closed ended problems in tutorial classes and made the students do experiments in the practical classes, in a typical laboratory set up. For the PBL string, there was no structured plan in terms of delivery of content. However the teacher termed Facilitator - prepared a complete set of Technical Nodes and Learning Objectives. The role of the teacher was changed from the "contentdelivery- man" to a facilitator.


First principles pseudopotential calculations with a plane wave basis set are performed for a variety of real and hypothetical Al-rich structures in the Al-Co system. The technical issues arising in the application of the plane wave pseudopotential method to these compounds, specifically the transferability and the energy convergence of the pseudopotentials, the broadening schemes for finite k-point sampling, and the implementation of the conjugate gradients algorithm for metallic systems, are discussed. The structural properties of fcc Al and AlCo in the CsCl (B2) structure are studied in detail, and found to be in good agreement with experiment and linear augmented-plane-wave method calculations. Results from first principles total energy calculations for the full set of structures considered are discussed in connection with recent pair potential calculations, trends in the electronic density of states, and the structural energetics of these intermetallic compounds, closely related to quasicrystals.


C ultural flux and shifting ethnic awareness characterized the TexanMexican community between the years 1920-1940. An ethos of "mexicanismo" that held sway during the 1920s was challenged in the 1930s by tejanos who increasingly "faced north" These middle-class tejanos asserted their Americanness and consciously distinguished themselves from the people and culture south of the Rio Bravo. They thus brought into relief an emergent "Mexican American mind," which gained ascendancy by the mid-twentieth century.1 This cultural reorientation, however, was a long and uneven process. Deep-seated attachments to Mexico lindo (beautiful Mexico) persisted, even as tejanos strove for entry into the American mainstream. The intellectual and social dilemma of being not quite American, yet not quite Mexican, produced a cultural synthesis-tejano biculturality.2 This phenomenon


The effect on herbaceous production of blue oak canopies of 25, 50, and 75 percent, and the effect of complete removal of such canopies were determined over a 7-year period for a single site in the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada. Tree covered plots produced 12 percent less than open grassland plots, while cleared plots produced 46 percent more than tree covered plots. Percentage differences in production were about the same for the middle and end of the grow ing season, but were considerably less at the beginning of the growing season. Large, climatical ly induced, annual variation in production mask the long term trend of the effect of tree removal on annual production. Tree canopy, whether present or removed, has no discernable correlation with production due to tree size, stocking and other plot effects. Johnson et al. and by Murphy and Crampton provided support for state-wide recommendations for the removal of blue oak from rangeland as a means of increasing forage production, livestock grazing, and ranch income (Bell 1963; Murphy and Berry 1973; Holland 1976). In contrast to these findings and recommenda tions, Holland (1973; 1976; and 1980) reported that forage production was 40 to 100 percent greater under blue oaks than in open grassland and recommended that blue oak clearing be stopped (Steinhart 1978). Holland's findings were based on studies in the south-central Sierra Nevada foothills and southern Coast Ranges and are supported by observations made by Duncan and Reppert (1960), Duncan (1967), and Duncan and Clawson (1980). Possible explanations for these contra dictory findings are given by Duncan and Clawson (1980) and Holland and Morton (1980) and include: (1) regional climatic differences; (2) different levels of blue oak canopy; and (3) edaphic differ ences. This study was initiated in the fall of 1979 to determine the relationship between the level of blue oak canopy and herbaceous production throughout the season of, rapid plant growth (approxima tely March 1 to May 31) for two contrasting situ ations: (1) tree canopy left intact; and (2) tree canopy removed. A second purpose of the study was to determine the long term trend in herbaceous production following tree removal. To provide for replication of the study and ac count for regional variation in climatic and eda phic conditions, 3 study sites were proposed. However, lack of available resources and funding prevented the inclusion of 2 sites in the study. Results obtained from the one remaining study site should therefore be considered as descriptive and no inferences should be drawn beyond the narrow confines and limitations of this study.


For functionality of organic molecules it is of primary importance to understand how they can operate as current switches. On the way to this goal, we examine possible mechanisms of the reported experimentally "conductance switching" behavior in alkyldithiol molecular wires modified with a viologen (bipyridinium) moiety, which oxidation state can be controlled by electrochemical gating [1,2]. Based on density functional theory calculations, we show that molecules under study behave as weakly coupled quantum dots, where the current is carried by a redox-active LUMO-(lowest unoccupied molecular) level [3]. We calculate how the conductance decays with increasing the wire length and thereby recover quantitatively the experimental tunneling exponent [4]. Our calculations imply, that the charging induced conformational change in the bipyridinium unit is not a main switching agent, rather than the phonon-assisted inelastic electron transport through the viologen redox-level explains the observed switching behavior [3].


The heterocyclic domain of micrococcin P1 has been prepared from N-Boc-(2 S,3 R)-threonine in 15 steps and 9% overall yield utilising a microwave-assisted enamine formation in mono- or multimode instruments, Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis to form the 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridine motif, and two-directional elaboration of the 3- and 6-thiazole substituents.


The nanocomposite Co3O4/CoFe2O4 heterostructured mesoporous material was produced via a simple solid–solid reaction of an iron precursor with ordered mesoporous Co3O4 that had been prepared via nanocasting from mesoporous silica as hard template. The magnetic behavior of the exchange-coupled antiferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic (AFM/FM) system was investigated via superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. The low-temperature magnetization loops of the Co3O4/CoFe2O4 heterostructure present exchange bias under cooling in an applied magnetic field. The antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of Co3O4 is increased due to the proximity of the hard magnetic CoFe2O4 phase. The nanocomposite Co3O4/CoFe2O4 behaves as an exchange coupled system with a cooperative magnetic switching.


Production of ammonia by urea‐grown Chlorella ellipsoidea was investigated. Ammonia was produced during the stationary growth phase in cultures with urea as sole nitrogen source and glucose as supplementary carbon source. Ammonia was produced only in medium containing excess urea and limiting amounts of glucose. Ammonia production was accompanied by increase in pH.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time and the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of varying ages.

STUDY DESIGN
The study consisted of two parts. The first part examined the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time. The second part looked at the the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of different ages.

RESULTS
In first part of the study, cytoplasmic expansion was observed between 24 hours and 1 week of fixation, followed by shrinkage thereafter. The nuclear area showed progressive shrinkage from 24 hours to 1 month. In second part of the study, tissues processed in fresh solution showed more shrinkage than tissues processed in used solution.

CONCLUSION
It is important to be aware of changes in histomorphometric values resulting from a variable fixation period and age of processing solutions. It is also important to standardize the histomorphometric procedure or take into account the effect of factors that influence morphometric values to minimize the errors due to the same.


The attitude of men and women is different towards a product or service; as such their buying behaviour is different. The question is whether gender is really an important segmentation variable in the banking sector? Also it's worth analysing whether the commercial broadcast by television has a direct impact on the process of buying bank services, i.e. whether it contributes in a positive way to shape a positive brand identity. In order to find answers to these questions, a quantitative marketing research was conducted among residents in Miercurea Ciuc. According to the results was observed that: when purchasing banking/financial services, women too behave like men.


This paper will discuss the development and results of a new field portable test set for Gen 2 and Gen 3 night vision goggles that automates many of the tests supported by currently available NVG test products. The major innovation is the use of MTF testing with a knife edge target. MTF testing is established in the laboratory environment and well suited to replace the operator's interpretation of the USAF 1951 resolution chart. Results will be presented to show the more consistent performance of the MTF approach as compared to the known operator variations when humans determine resolution. Other standard tests are semi-automated and/or video-assisted, such as infinity focus, spot defects, and distortion. The presentation will show repeatability across test units and operators on the key tests. The presentation will include automatically generated examples of the report files for each test run on each goggle. All of these capabilities are provided in a package that matches the form factor of other products in use to test NVG's. A discussion of the user interface and the ease of use of the system will be included as well as the improvement in the test time for each goggle type.