Finding ways to break school desorientation is a very important and relevant problem for protecting children's health. Due to this reason health saving technologies have been implemented. They help to preserve that level of health which child had before entering the school. Goal. Evaluate influence of healthsaving technologies "Education in Rus" as preventive measures against school desadaptation for young school age children. Materials and research methods. Deep clinic instrumental inspection on 153 children of early school age has been conducted before they have started elementary school in 2013, then in 1 and 2 years ( 2014, 2015) and then after they have finished the school. It has been done in Kiev gymnasium  №287 where health saving technology "Education in movement" of professor Dubogai has been implemented (main group (n=65)) and and school №3 which is based in city Boyarka (Kiev Region) where there have been no health saving technologies. After finishing elementary school satisfactorily level in main group based on Bayevsky index had 97,2% of pupils while in comparison group only 33,3%. To determine unique individual psychologic pupils qualities and availability school deadaptation special methods has been used: form to evaluate motivation level (N.G. Luskanovska), Philips anxiety test, projective anxiety test of R. Temml, M. Dorki, V. Amen, parents survey. During Luskanovska test in the beginning of the study in both groups there was a majority of pupils with medium motivation level, 83,1% in main group and 76,1 % в in comparison group. After finishing 4th year of study after implementing health saving technology "Education in movement", in main group there were no pupils with low motivation level and signs of desadaptation but has increased the portion of children with high motivation level from 12,3 % to 27%. At the same time in comparison group has been increased amount of pupils with low motivation from 6,9% to 15%. During years of observation based on projective anxiety test of R. Temml, M. Dorki, V. Amen it has been seen trustworthy lowering quantity of pupils with high anxiety level in main group from 46,1% to 9,2%, but in comparison group it has increased to 55,7%. In 4 years after implementing Health saving technologies there has been positive dynamics on decreasing the amount of children with high level of anxiety, especially in situations of uncertainty about meeting other people's expectations (from 40% to 4,6%), low physical clumsiness to stress situations (from 26,1% to 4,6%), fear of situation where their knowledge would be tested (from 24,1% to 6,1%). In comparison group majority of children with high anxiety level has increased which had negative impact on health of pupils and their success at school. Conclusion: Implementation of health saving technologies provides the ability to successfully solve  problems of preventive measures to prevent school desadaptation and anxiety in direction of preventing anxiety or decreasing it's level to optimal indexes.


Five different micro-hydro schemes have been described which will be installed in remote areas where adequate amount of water flow is available. These schemes also have a multipurpose applications, in addition to produce electrical power. These have been tested practically in suitable areas where water power from the flow was available. Most of these schemes described in this paper work on low hydraulic heads. Previously it was difficult to sortout that for a particular site which kind of technical scheme could be suitably installed, what would be its efficiency, output electrical power; and cost involved. This paper provides such infonnation for each scheme based on practical results.


The issues raised are based on the analysis and interpretation of the narratives of parents raising children with multiple profound intellectual disabilities, collected in a biographical study. The aim of the research was to try to understand and show the subjective meanings that parents give to their own resources, discovered in the course of the life that they build. Narrative interviews were conducted with twenty parents, who were selected non-randomly, based on their experience of the stress of changing their children's educational institution. Analysis of the empirical material shows five sources of resource generation, i.e. sources of increased strength for parents in the course of their lives.


Abstract:Through physico-chemical analysis of soil under the buried pipeline, the corrosion influence factor of different ions such as 、 、 and on X80 has been studied. The result shows that when the ions concentration of 、 、 increases, the corrosion rate of X80 steel also rises and then reaches the maximum. After that, the corrosion rate begins decreasing. While for the case of ions, the corrosion rate of X80 steel keeps increasing with the concentration increase. Through detail analyzing the corrosion mechanism of different negative ions on buried pipeline steel and studying the soil corrosion rules, we can provide theoretical basis for the corrosion preventing work, which is very important and meaningful.


In this paper, ordered arrays of various ZnO nanostructures were fabricated on both Si and p-GaN substrates via a hydrothermal process by the self-assembled nanosphere lithography (NSL). The morphology and orientation evolution of ZnO nanostructures were well-monitored by varying seed-layer-thickness, solution concentration, and underlying substrate. On this basis, the heterojunction light emitting diode (LED) based on the highly oriented ZnO nanocone array on the p-GaN substrate was fabricated and studied in detail. It is found that the ZnO nanostructure-based LED exhibits a much stronger ultraviolet (UV) emission peaked at 388 nm compared with its counterparts based on ZnO film, which is attributed to the low density of interfacial defects, improved carrier injection efficiency through the nano-sized junction, and excellent waveguiding property of the ZnO nanostructure array.


Der St. Galler Globus is Jost A. Schmid-Lanter's dissertation, which was accepted by the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zurich in 2018. It summarizes his research on the St. Gall Globe....


Reactions between sorbent particles and SO{sub 2} can be used to reduce atmospheric pollution either by {open_quotes}dry scrubbing{close_quotes} or {open_quotes}wet scrubbing{close_quotes} processes. This paper reports Raman spectroscopy results for single electrodynamically levitated droplets of NaOH reacting with SO{sub 2} and studies of the dehydration reactions of some hygroscopic salt species. The NaOH/SO{sub 2} reaction products and the liquid or solid state of the products are shown to depend on the gas phase SO{sub 2} concentration. Deliquesced particles of NaOH exhibit enhanced light scattering intensities associated with morphological resonances of the incident laser light, but crystalline materials show no such resonances. Raman-active hygroscopic salts exhibit bond frequencies characteristic of the stretching vibrations of the anionic group, but these frequencies are different in the presence of water because hydrogen bonding changes the bond force. This allows efficient tracking of the dehydration reactions in hygroscopic aerosols by Raman spectroscopy as the intensities of the two different modes are related to the degree of dehydration in the particle.


dμ is the relative Gaussian entropy, and W2 is the quadratic Kantorovich distance. The minimizers of Fγ are solutions to a dimension-free Gaussian analog of the (real) Kähler–Einstein equation. We show that Fγ(μ) is bounded from below under the assumption that the Gaussian Fisher information of ν is finite and prove a priori estimates for the minimizers. Our approach relies on certain stability estimates for the Gaussian log-Sobolev and Talagrand transportation inequalities.


The paper discusses the important significance of paying close attention to the weak group of people to create the harmonious society and the necessity of serving the weak group of people in the harmonious society.The paper also puts forward practical measures to serve the weak group of people.


The performance of the TRIAD DISCOS system in orbit has been monitored using telemetry data and doppler tracking data. Early in the satellite life, the telemetry data showed that the system was operating normally, almost exactly as in the design specifications. The doppler data were used to test the orbit predictability with the DISCOS syst-em in operation. Accurate prediction was attained for longer than a week compared with the present 24-hour capability. Experiments with a prediction span up to two months showed that the drag and radiation forces were being entirely eliminated and that the DISCOS self-bias force was less than 1011 g.


The effect of Fermi motion on the extraction of asymptotic total neutron cross-sections from deuterium data is examined in some detail. Particular attention is paid to the threshold condition on the nucleon cross-sections. Using realistic hard-core wave functions to describe the deuteron, we find that, with this added correction, the Glauber mean inverse square radius of the deuteron is experimentally determined to be 0.0212 f 0; 005 mb-1 in good agreement with values calculated using hard-core wave functions. Previous discrepancies in TN and NN scattering are shown to be eliminated. When applied to the real photoabsorption total cross-section our correction considerably reduces the neutron-proton difference making it consistent with zero in the asymptotic region. We also examine deep inelastic electron-deuteron scattering and show how the theory gives an excellent description of the quasi-elastic peak. For scattering into the continuum we find that the correction far away from threshold is 5% , whilst near the threshold it can become very large (30%). In terms of the neutron-proton ratio the correction is generally very small (i.e. , the smeared ratio is an excellent approximation to the unsmeared) unless this ratio drops below l/4 near threshold.


By reviewing the connotation of the system of drug administration and surveillance, gives a summary for main systems in drug administration and presumes that the internal logics among the systems are to protect the essential of drug. It explains the internal connection between the essential and drug risk resources, and then make out the registration, manufacturing, distribution and using administration based on the three level of risk management, and explain the specific mode and mechanism of risk management in drug administration.


The internet is one of the biggest discoveries of the modern era, has transformed and revolutionized processes and procedures of the business world as well. The growing use of the internet in India has created a basis for tremendous prospects for marketers of today and tomorrow. The customer and consumers of modern times are techno savvy and innovative in their attitude. So the internet is sure to take over as a prime marketing and selling channel. Thus it is using a 3D virtual environment and adding a online shopping idea to it is considered as very interesting, especially if it reflects the real world in a virtual reality that makes its users attached to it.It is imperative for the companies to investigate and understand the online shoppers habits, awareness about 3D online shopping and the potential for it. The paper attempts to explore the various online shopping habits, awareness and potential for 3D online shopping.


Prabhat Jha and colleagues report a low female-to-male sex ratio in India (759/1000) on the basis of a large national survey. They rule out other causes of this imbalance and conclude that it is likely to be due to prenatal sex determination by ultrasound followed by selective abortion of female fetuses (female feticide). A surrogate marker by which to establish this hypothesis could be the number of ultrasound machines used in different regions. Our team did a study based on a similar concept. We prospectively collected yearly information (1990--2001) on a population of about 80 000 under close demo graphic surveillance in northern India (Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project CRHSP). We found that the number of ultrasound machines available in a region roughly correlated with with the practice of female feticide. (excerpt)


Fuzzy CMAC(FCMAC) is a new network that combines fuzzy theory and cerebellar model articulation controller.By studying the FCMAC algorithm,uses the method on short-term traffic forecasting.Through simulation experiments,compares the BP(Back Propagation) and RBF(Radial Basis Function) methods.Result shows that the FCMAC method has higher accuracy and a certain value.


Preface. Polymers in solution. General features of polymers at interfaces. Experimental methods. Theoretical methods. Homopolymer adsorption. Adsorption of copolymers. Electrostatic effects: charged surfaces and polyelectrolyte adsorption. Terminally-attached chains. Fluid interfaces. Depletion. Interactions in the presence of polymers. Appendices. Glossary of symbols. Key word index.


L'albero degli zoccoli, by the Italian director Ermanno Olmi, polyphonically narrates the lives of peasant families in late-nineteenth-century Italy. The soundtrack prominently features works by J.S. Bach, mostly for the organ, performed by the celebrated Italian organist Fernando Germani. This article recounts the genesis of Olmi's musical choices, discussing his views on music, on Bach, and on the interaction with musicians. Moreover, it is argued that Olmi purposefully employed some specific pieces in conjunction with particular characters and situations; it will be demonstrated that Olmi considered Bach's music a symbol for God's Grace, underpinning the film's most significant moments in a liturgy of life, of fecundity, and of love. Bach's music transmits the pervasive religious sentiment of the peasants to present-day audiences, asserting the holiness and the miracle of life.


Sustainable agricultural production of food, feed, fibre and fuel with limited agricultural land to cover human demands and at the same time to secure natural resources is currently one of the biggest global challenges. Changes in agricultural management to ensure fertile soils, stable yields and product qualities and to avoid adverse environmental impacts, affect various soil and plant characteristics, agrobiodiversity and the micro-climate of agroecosystems.

Long-term field experiments (LTEs) are indispensable to detect and understand impacts of climate (drought, heat, floods, frost) and agricultural innovations on soils and plants. Amongst agricultural innovations are adaptions of crop rotations to climate change, efficient fertilisation systems with and without livestock, reduced soil tillage intensity, the conversion of a whole landscape section from conventional to organic farming and introducing landscape elements like flowering strips or hegdes that serve, e.g., as habitats for pollinators and beneficials.

For the evaluation of impacts of climate change and agricultural innovations, researchers of agricultural long-term ecological research (LTER) sites in Austria have developed indicators to enable the systematic comparison of long-term trials impact on soil-plant systems in different agroecological zones of Austria and Europe, respectively, including different agro-ecosystems, e.g., arable land and grassland. Examples for soil indicators include soil characteristics like organic carbon, nutrients and contaminants, biological and physical (e.g., porosity, structure) indicators that have already been measured since many years in various field experiments. Embedded in long-term socio-ecological regions (LTSER), which allow analyzing long-term socio-economic and biophysical drivers of change in agricultural management, these agricultural LTER sites contribute crucial insights into the interaction between nature and society.


Gate-oxide reliability has been a subject of intens e study for as long as the IC industry has existed. T he scientific community is oriented now towards thickness below 10 nm, following the reduction of MOS transistor dimensions. However, the studies concerning thick dielectrics that are used in power devices, insulating components between them or protecting them from the crossing of metallic inter connection lines, did not give definitive models neither in silicon oxidation phenomena nor in the field covering the defect in silica and their relationships with the breakdown. More precisely, statistical methods that allow testing thin dielect rics


In view of college students, lack of interest in mathematics study, and poor ability in the application of mathematical knowledge to solve practical problem, a "3W" teaching mode is constructed, whose main line is "what", "why" and "how". Finally, it gives some examples to illustrate the teaching mode in college mathematics teaching.


Reachability and session continuity represent two distinct services that global mobility protocols should provide. Reachability is the possibility for Internet hosts to initiate sessions to mobile users. Session continuity refers to mechanisms that ensure that active transport or application layer sessions are not broken due to mobility. We present ROAMIP, a global mobility architecture that uses application layer solutions for global reachability and reuses transparent Mobile IP tunnelling mechanisms to ensure session continuity. ROAMIP eliminates long triangular routes, yet it is compatible with mobility unaware correspondent hosts. It is applicable to IPv6 as well as IPv4 networks. The ROAMIP architecture naturally lends itself to easy, gradual deployment and can reuse existing Mobile IP or SIP message formats. We conclude the paper by showing example traces from an experimental implementation.


Results of structure study of amorphous chalcogenide semiconductor layers and dynamics of structure transformation as result of exposure are presented. New functional property of nanostructural films: a possibility of making of phase relief on their surface by means of optical engraving by laser beam is shown.


IN THE October number of Forsstlich-naturwissenchaftliche Z itschrifz appears the concluding part of "Contributions to the history of development of buds in some deciduous trees," by Dr. Paul Albert; "Investigation of the morphology and anatomy of malformations upon shoots and leaves caused by the Exoasci," by W. G. Smith; and "The capacity of oak stumps for budding, and their infection by Agaricus melleus," by Dr. Robert Hartig.


Wireless communication system is of paramount importance in the world of telecommunication infrastructure and is expected to be a leading role in the development of a nation. However, the system is characterized by multipath propagation effects that lead to variability of the received signal thereby degrading the performance. Equal Gain Combiner (EGC) being used to address this problem is associated with hardware complexity that result in long processing time, while Threshold Combiner (TC) with low processing time has poor performance. Hence, in this paper, a hybridized Diversity Combiner (DC) consisting of EGC and TC, (TC-EGC) with a closed form expression over Nakagami fading channel is developed. TC-EGC is derived using the conventional EGC and TC at the receiver. Randomly generated bits used as source data are modulated using M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) and transmitted over Nakagami channel after filtering. The faded signals generated at varying paths 'L' (2, 3, 4) are scanned by TC to select the strongest paths. The outputs from the three TCs are combined by EGC to obtain the received signal which is converted to baseband through demodulation. A mathematical expression using the Probability Density Function (PDF) of Nakagami fading channel at varying paths 'L' for Outage Probability (OP) is also derived. The technique is simulated using Matrix Laboratory (version 7.2). The performance is evaluated using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Outage Probability (OP) and Processing Time (PT). The study shows that the TC-EGC gives lower OP and PT values when compared with conventional EGC and TC, with reduction in hardware complexity. The TC-EGC developed can be used to enhance the performance of wireless communication system.


Abstract : This paper examines the effect of various correlation structures of observations on rules for estimating a mean which are designed to quard against the possibility of spurious observations (that is, observations generated in a manner not intended). The premium and protection of these rules are evaluated and discussed for the equi-correlation case and for the case of an autoregressive process of first order. It is shown that the premium and protection of a given rule which is designed for the estimator of a general mean mu when spuriosity may exist and when the observations are independent, lacks robustness to departures from independence. It is also shown that in moderate sized samples a spurious observation could seriously bias the usual estimator of the autoregressive coefficient alpha. One application of these results is in the case of a first order autoregressive model which can be used to represent many time series data encountered in business and economics.


Objective:To compare the effect of attributable retraining group therapy(ARGT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRI) on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD),anxiety disorder(AD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Method:Comparison study between ARGT and SSRI was designed by a prospective intervention.129 outpatients(45 MDD,45 AD and 39 OCD) were divided into ARGT group(n=63,including 21 MDD,23 AD and 19 OCD) and SSRI group(n=66,including 24 MDD,22 AD and 20 OCD) according to the sequence of entering the study.54 outpatients in ARGT group and 55 outpatients in SSRI group completed the study at the end of the point.The symptoms were evaluated with Hamilton depression scale-24 items,Hamilton anxiety scale and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale before and after 8 weeks treatment.The plasma level of BDNF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in all subjects before and after treatment.Results:There was a significant score reduction in all symptoms in both ARGT group and SSRI group between before and after treatment(P0.001).The plasma level of BDNF increased significantly in patients of SSRI group(Z=-2.636,P=0.008) and reduced non statistically in patients of ARGT group(Z=-0.182,P=0.855) after treatment.There was no significant difference in the change of plasma level of BDNF between before and after treatment when compared the two groups.Conclusion:SSRI can upregulate the plasma level of BDNF,which may have an effect on neural plasticity.However,our study did not support the hypothesis that ARGT had an effect on neural plasticity by regulating BDNF.


Most wheat exports are accounted for by a limited number of countries with different policy regimes and specializing, for the most part, in particular classes of wheat. Under these circumstances, there is likely to be considerable interaction among the major exporting countries in the determination of wheat prices. In this paper, price linkages between the U.S. and other exporting countries (Canada, the European Union, Argentina and Australia) in the world wheat market are investigated. After determining that the direction of causality is from U. S. prices to the prices of other exporting countries, the nature of the price linkages is studied. The results suggest that the major exporting countries respond asymmetrically to U.S. price changes. The degree of asymmetry differs from one exporting country to another, Argentina and the European Union show greater response to falling prices than to rising prices, while the opposite is true for Canada and Australia.


Black and white aerial photograph of Rice Stadium. At the bottom of the photograph, the following is written - "Rice Stadium, July, 5, 1950."


Herein, a ring is not required to have an identity. All rings are associative but not necessarily commutative. However, we specialize to the commutative case for some of our results. The paper is concerned primarily with rings having the property that all unbounded ideals or all unbounded homomorphic images are isomorphic to the ring. We say that a ring R is bounded if nR = 0 for some positive integer n; alternately, R, with or without 1, is said to have finite characteristic. Unbounded rings having the property that all proper subrings are bounded were characterized in [8].


An outbreak of Strongyloides westeri infection in foals is described. Five out six weanling thoroughbred foals developed diarrhea, loss of weight, hipoalbuminemia and anemia. Large numbers nematode eggs were detected in the feces of two of those foals. Three foals died naturally and a fourth was euthanized in extremis. Necropsy findings from three foals were subcutaneous edema, ascites, hydrothorax and petechiae in the duodenal mucosa. Histologically, changes were restricted to the duodenum and were characterized by villous atrophy and limphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. In the villous tips there were multiple small cavities filled by nematode parasites and embryonated eggs. Based on the epidemiology, morphological characteristics of the nematodes and necropsy finds from the necropsy of three affected foals, a diagnosis of S. westeri infection was made.


Malthus continues to haunt our future as the principle of population continues to define who we are in the present. The governing of procreation through the building of the population apparatus functions as an "othering machine" that differentiates each one of us around the norms and social categories of modern, healthy, and white. Although contributing to the differentiation of populations by allowing the act of reproduction to function as a form of cultural distinction, the population apparatus also territorializes us into a geography of scarcity. To generate forms of mobility that promise an escape from this geography of scarcity, the population apparatus offers the government of our reproductive behaviors. The danger made possible by the population apparatus is that this very promise of mobility works to reproduce the so-called satanic geography of a Malthusian world by coding some populations as worthy of prosperity while pushing others into ever more brutal forms of scarcity with nothing more than a contraceptive. (p. 243)


The temporalis muscle is structurally complex; its muscular architecture is often misrepresented and its innervation pattern is not well characterized. In this study we digitized and mapped the 3D extramuscular and intramuscular mandibular nerve course from foramen ovale to its terminal branches in the temporalis muscle belly in four formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens. The muscle mass was dissected and digitized in layers to map its volume. The digitized nerve and muscle volume data were reconstructed into a 3D model using Maya® for visualization. Lateral 2D views were then manually registered to a common geometrical template using linear and non‐linear transformation techniques in Adobe Photoshop CS5. The extramuscular innervation consisted of three deep temporal nerves corresponding to anterior, middle and posterior portions of the muscle, masseteric and buccal nerves. Intramuscularly, the extent of muscle mass innervated by each of the nerves differed depending on the number of terminal branches. The spatial distribution of registered nerve branches was generally conserved suggesting that the degree of terminal branching was indicative of neurogenic control. We noted abundant intramuscular nerve fiber anastomosis from the anterior to posterior extent of the muscle in individuals. This work was supported by the American Association of Anatomists Visiting Scholarship.


Along with the progress of spin science and spintronics research, the flow of electron spins, i.e., spin current, has attracted interest. New phenomena and electronic states were explained in succession using the concept of spin current. Moreover, as many of the conventionally known spintronics phenomena became well organized based on spin current, it has rapidly been recognized as an essential concept in a wide range of condensed matter physics. In this article, we focus on recent developments in the physics of spin, spin current, and their related phenomena, where the conversion between spin angular momentum and different forms of angular momentum plays an essential role. Starting with an introduction to spin current, we first discuss the recent progress in spintronic phenomena driven by spin-exchange coupling: spin pumping, topological Hall torque, and emergent inductor. We, then, extend our discussion to the interaction/interconversion of spins with heat, lattice vibrations, and charge current and address recent progress and perspectives on the spin Seebeck and Peltier effects. Next, we review the interaction between mechanical motion and electron/nuclear spins and argue the difference between the Barnett field and rotational Doppler effect. We show that the Barnett effect reveals the angular momentum compensation temperature, at which the net angular momentum is quenched in ferrimagnets.


The invention belongs to a control method and particularly relates to an area array autocollimator light source control method based on a digital image. The method comprises steps that 1, a light source constant current source driving and control circuit is set; 2, the target image information is extracted, in an image coordinate system, a circular spot is formed through target imaging, pre-processing on an image is carried out through employing median filtering, a target is separated from the background by utilizing a threshold segmentation formula, four coordinates of an enclosing rectangle of the target are determined, the gray sum of the target and the quantity of effective gray pixels are determined, and the average gray is calculated; and 3, through an adaptive control method, whether an average gray value is in a preset scope is determined, if yes, the first step and the second step are carried out in a cycle mode, if the average gray value is lower than the preset scope, the current is reduced, if the average gray value is higher than the preset scope, the current is increased. Through the control method, a problem of image instability caused by change of a target reflection face can be effectively avoided, and the stable image effect is realized.


The urban drainage network is the most important part of the urban drainage facilities. The current situation monitoring of the drainage pipe network is carried out, the existing problems are found, the causes of the problems are analyzed and the pertinent suggestions are proposed. A sustained, stable and safe operation of drainage network can effective and efficient to prevent water environment from increasing deterioration, help to control black and odorous water, and improve the water environment. Based on the monitoring work of drainage network in a city of northern China, this paper discusses the monitoring and vulnerability analysis of pipeline network.


Abstract. Ground-motion correlation models play a crucial role in regional seismic risk modeling of spatially distributed built infrastructure. Such models predict the correlation between ground-motion amplitudes at pairs of sites, typically as a function of their spatial proximity. Data from physics-based simulators and event-to-event variability in empirically derived model parameters suggest that spatial correlation is additionally affected by path and site effects. Yet, identifying these effects has been difficult due to scarce data and a lack of modeling and assessment approaches to consider more complex correlation predictions. To address this gap, we propose a novel correlation model that accounts for path and site effects via a modified functional form. To quantify the estimation uncertainty, we perform Bayesian inference for model parameter estimation. The derived model outperforms traditional isotropic models in terms of the predictive accuracy for training and testing data sets. We show that the previously found event-to-event variability in model parameters may be explained by the lack of accounting for path and site effects. Finally, we examine implications of the newly proposed model for regional seismic risk simulations.


Titanium (Ti) and platinum (Pt) films deposited on p-doped Si electrode were incorporated as gas sensitive electrodes in Kelvin and Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor (FG-FET) systems. The films were annealed in oxygen at 800°C. SEM and EDX characterization methods were employed to study the surface of these films. Work function changes with respect to various hydrogen concentrations have been measured as a function of temperature and humidity. The results show that nano grains of titanium silicide (TiSi2) and Pt islands are formed after the annealing. Annealed TiSi2/Pt films are well suitable to significantly stabilize FG-FET based hydrogen sensor. The sensors can detect H2 in concentration range between 0.3% and 2% from room temperature up to 135°C. The response time is quite fast i.e. t90 ~ 43.2 seconds. An experiment on the stability has proved that signal pattern of the sensors remained stable one month after first conditioning.


Occupants' movement in horizontal space is determined by path of travel which depends on the type of space and pedestrian characteristics in the building. Especially, obstructions as the major factor such as sales counter play a great impact. In this case, pedestrian characteristics of the occupants indicate that different aspect from typical straight corridor. To derive the pedestrian characteristics of the occupants, changing walking speed affected by a type of space is needed. Therefore, this study calculated walking speed and studied pedestrian haracteristics which appeared with at the copper corner, and focused on the change degrees of walking speed. In order to get those, we have done an experiment on 30 subjects to configure a experiment set and analyze the pedestrian characteristics through the video footage. Experiment sets on ㄱ-corner, T-corner, ╋-corner, and hall for space configuration was recorded at 0.25-second intervals by splitting movement of the participants were extracted path of travel.


Now we know: We use them to stream YouTube and Facebook videos; we watch TV shows; we download and store songs and movies; we take pictures of everything going on around us; we read (and some of us even write) novels; we play video games; we surf the Web. Sometimes we even talk to each other. These days you can unleash a gusher of bits over the air that would have choked even a wired connection to the Internet not so long ago.


Elsewhere in this issue, Menticoglou and coauthors report that only a small minority of women delivering preterm at their institution would have been candidates for attempted pharmacologic inhibition of preterm labor. Although this point has been made by others,an attribute of the present study is that it comes from a department in which tocolytic drugs are not used for threatened preterm labor. Tocolytic therapy, even should "better" drugs become available, has only a minor role to play concerning the problem of preterm birth. Imminent delivery on admission, ruptured membranes, or coexistent medical or obstetric complications predict either ineffective or unwarranted therapy in most cases of preterm labor. Tocolytic therapy is overused. Given the adverse effects of the drugs and the high placebo success rates demonstrated in controlled trials, it is incumbent on the obstetrician to try to separate "true" from "false" threatened preterm labor. Waiting for cervical change is certainly appropriate past 30 weeks' gestation and may be appropriate earlier. Does pharmacologic labor inhibition have any role? In my view, it does. The drugs do inhibit uterine activity and, on balance, the trials suggest a modest delay in delivery. Tocolytic therapy is useful in maternal-fetal transport and for achieving delay when corticosteroids are being administered prior to anticipated preterm delivery. Premature birth prevention programs, including home uterine activity monitoring, may result in more patients presenting earlier in the course of their labors, perhaps permitting more effective tocolysis. In fairness, the efficacy of such programs or techniques has not been established. Finally, at a critical time in gestation (24 to 27 weeks) modest delays in delivery are likely to be beneficial. The bright promise of tocolytic therapy of a quarter of a century ago has not been fulfilled. Nonetheless, the practicing obstetrician can chip away at the problem of preterm delivery. The nonpregnant diagnosis of a septate uterus in a woman with a history of previous pregnancy loss, the identification of an effaced and dilated cervix at 20 weeks' gestation in a diethylstilbestrol daughter or in a woman with twins and no labor, and the prompt response to the patient on the telephone who wonders about pelvic pressure or cramping may help. A major cause of preterm delivery in the United States and one with readily identifiable solutions is, however, societal, not medical. Unintended or unwanted pregnancy is the culprit, especially among the young and disadvantaged. Insisting on comprehensive family life education in our schools and ensuring that contraception is readily available for all are apparent steps to take. Why haven't we?


River phytoplankton provide food for primary consumers, and are a major source of oxygen in many rivers. However, high phytoplankton concentrations can hamper river water quality and ecosystem functioning, making it crucial to predict and prevent harmful phytoplankton growth in rivers. In this study, we modify an existing mechanistic water quality model to simulate sub-daily changes in water quality, and present its application in the River Thames catchment. So far, the modelling studies in the River Thames have focused on daily to weekly time-steps, and have shown limited predictive ability in modelling phytoplankton concentrations. With the availability of high-frequency water quality data, modelling tools can be improved to better understand process interactions for phytoplankton growth in dynamic rivers. The modified model in this study uses high-frequency water quality data along a 62 km stretch in the lower Thames to simulate river flows, water temperature, nutrients, and phytoplankton concentrations at sub-daily time-steps for 2013-14. Model performance is judged by percentage error in mean and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) statistics. The model satisfactorily simulates the observed diurnal variability and transport of phytoplankton concentrations within the river stretch, with NSE values greater than 0.7 at all calibration sites. Phytoplankton blooms develop within an optimum range of flows (16-81 m 3 /s) and temperature (11-18° C), and are largely influenced by phytoplankton growth and death rate parameters. We find that phytoplankton growth in the lower Thames is mainly limited by physical controls such as residence time, light, and water temperature, and show some nutrient limitation arising from phosphorus depletion in summer. The model is tested under different future scenarios to evaluate the impact of changes in climate and management conditions on primary production and its controls. Our findings provide support for the argument that the sub-daily modelling of phytoplankton is a step forward in better prediction and management of phytoplankton dynamics in river systems.


Contaminated soil samples from a municipal waste dump site containing various levels of heavy metals (1.121 mg/kg of Lead, 1.151 mg/kg of Copper, 0.873 mg/kg of Nickel, 2.101 mg/kg of Zinc, 2.021 mg/kg of Chromium, and 1.113 mg/kg of Cadmium) were investigated. Corn seeds planted on the soil were harvested after 10 weeks of planting. Results showed that there were reductions in the levels of the metals in the soil while there was an increase in their levels in the harvested plants. The plants had a fast growth and were tolerant of the metals. Corn is recommended for removal and detoxifying of soils contaminated with heavy metals.


Introduction to templates - Templates allow us to define generic class and function. So it supports generic programming. Generic
programming


A simple model based on relativistic geometry and final‐state hadronic rescattering is used to predict pion source parameters extracted in two‐pion femtoscopy studies of proton‐proton collisions at s =200 GeV. From studying the momentum and particle multiplicity dependences of these parameters in the context of this model, flow‐like behavior is seen which resembles the flow behavior commonly observed in relativistic heavy‐ion collisions.


Diazepinomicin is a dibenzodiazepine alkaloid with an unusual structure among the known microbial metabolites discovered so far. Diazepinomicin was isolated from the marine sponge-associated strain Micromonospora sp. RV115 and was identified by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison to literature data. In addition to its interesting preclinical broad-spectrum antitumor potential, we report here new antioxidant and anti-protease activities for this compound. Using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, a strong antioxidant potential of diazepinomicin was demonstrated. Moreover, diazepinomicin showed a significant antioxidant and protective capacity from genomic damage induced by the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide in human OPEN ACCESS Mar. Drugs 2012, 1


THE experiments described below were made at the Laboratory of Harvard College during the summer of 1882, and most of the results obtained were given at the Montreal meeting of the American Association. At the York meeting of the British Association, Sept., 1881, I gave a list of cert~in metals with an approximate value of the "rotational coefficient "* for each as determined by my experiments. This list was published in the report of the Association. Several of these metals had, however, been examined in an extremely inaccurate manner, as was stated at the time, and the numbers assigned them were marked as doubtful. Thus a part of the list ran:


This report contains eight short papers that serve as snapshots of recent work by members and collaborators of the GroupLab team. All papers are concerned with groupware, and all but one of the systems described were implemented using GroupKit, our groupware toolkit. Note: in this HTML version, the short papers are available independently by chasing the links below. The first five papers are a suite of articles that considers how awareness of others can be supported in groupware systems. The papers cover theoretical considerations of awareness (#2), practical efforts in building systems and widgets to support awareness (#1,3,4) and evaluation of widgets to determine their effectiveness and usability (#5). Suite Overview: Supporting Awareness of Others in Groupware 1. Peepholes: Low Cost Awareness of One's Community 2. Workspace Awareness for Groupware 3. Workspace Awareness Support With Radar Views 4. A Fisheye Text Editor for Relaxed-WYSIWIS Groupware 5. A Usability Study of Workspace Awareness Widgets The next three papers cover individual projects. TeamRooms (#6) is a groupware equivalent of a physical team room. Group members can stock the room with applications, and can enter the room at any time to continue their work individually or collectively. GroupWeb (#7) is a a World Wide Web browser that is group-aware. People can share their views of pages in real time, can gesture around it with telepointers, and can add group annotations to a page with a groupware editor. TurboTurtle (#8) is a microworld for Newtonian physics designed for children. Children were observed using TurboTurtle, and their collaboration styles are analyzed. 1. TeamRooms: Groupware for Shared Electronic Spaces 2. GroupWeb: A WWW Browser as Real Time Groupware 3. Children's Collaboration Styles in a Newtonian MicroWorld APRIL 13-18. 1996 CH196 Supporting Awareness of Others in Groupware Carl Gutwin, Saul Greenberg, and Mark Roseman Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary Calgary Canada T2N 1N4 Tel: +1 403220-6015 E-mail: [gutwin, saul, roseman] @cpsc.ucalgary.ca INTRODUCTION Successful collaboration in a work community requires that members of the group maintain awareness of one another on several levels. The following papers consider kinds of awareness and how these can be supported in groupware systems. In particular, the papers explore two kinds of awareness: first, general awareness of people in a work community, and second, awareness of others' interactions with a shared workspace. In everyday work, informal awareness involves knowing who's currently around, whether they're available or busy, and what sort of activity they're engaged in. People need informal awareness in order to find opportunities for collaboration and people to collaborate with [1]. Once they have begun a collaborative activity using a shared workspace (such as a whiteboard or a document), they then need to maintain workspace awareness: where in the space others are working, what they are doing, and what changes they are making [2]. These same needs also exist when people work together through groupware. However, the cues and mechanisms that help people maintain awareness of others in face-toface activity are often difficult to provide in groupware systems. For example, a virtual community becomes invisible on the network, and it is hard to see who is available for interaction. Also, glancing over at another part of a workspace to monitor another person's activities does not translate well to a groupware environment, especially if relaxed-WYSIWIS view sharing is in effect. CSCW research has considered some of the issues surrounding awareness in cooperative work: general awareness of a work community has been supported through media spaces, and certain elements of awareness within a workspace have been supported with specialized displays in groupware systems. The papers in this suite build on these results and explore various facets of how awareness of others can be supported in groupware Permission to make digital/hard copies of all or part of this material for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or +stributed for pro~t or commercial advantage, the copyr@t not=, fi~ .t,tle .Of the pub~at,on and its date appear, and notice is gwen that copyright M by permission of the ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires specific permission andlor fee. CHI '96 Companion, Vancouver, BC Canada @1996 ACM ().89791 .83'2-()/96/04. .$3.5(3 systems. Together, the papers cover theoretical considerations, practical efforts in building systems and widgets to support awareness, and evaluation of widgets to determine their effectiveness and usability. The first paper concerns informal awareness, and describes a system that provides information about people's whereabouts and activities, without requiring video cotmections. The second paper looks at awareness requirements of collaborative interaction in a shaned workspace. It describes workspace awareness and organizes several elements into a conceptual framework that can be used as the basis for building groupwme support. The next two papers describe inventions that have been built as experimental supports for workspace awareness. The first of these presents a class of widgets called radar views, and the second discusses how fisheye visualization techniques can be used as a basis for providing awareness information in groupware. The final paper reports on a study carried out to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of several awareness widgets in a realistic groupware application. The study reinforces the idea that workspace awareness is maintained and used in collaborative activity, and found that some widget designs were successful in providing some of the awareness information that participants needed. The experiences gathered within these papers argue that awareness issues must be considered more generally in the design of groupware systems. In addition, further exploration of how awareness works can help groupware systems better support the natural, facile interactions that mark everyday face-to-face collaboration. More information about the research discussed in these papers can be found at the GroupLab web site: http://www.cpsc. ucalgary.ca/projects/grouplab/


In this paper,the contents of protein,reducing sugar and petroleum ether extracts in four brands of tobacco powder(A,B,C and D) are measured.The flavor compounds in the tobacco powder are detected by SDE-GC-MS.The results demonstrate that the contents of protein and petroleum ether extracts in four brands of tobacco powder are almost the same.The contents of reducing sugar in brand A,B and C are all about 13%.The content of reducing sugar in brand D is relatively low,only 10.17%.While the contents of protein,reducing sugar and petroleum ether extracts in brand A are relatively high,reached 5.41%,13.38% and 5.26%,respectively.The flavor compounds are identified as follows:35 kinds in brand A,29 kinds in brand B,36 kinds in brand C and 26 kinds in brand D.19 Kinds of compounds were found as common component in the four brands of tobacco powders.Brand A and C are selected as cigarette essence after comprehensive consideration.


In the organic cation of the title salt, the cyclohexane ring is in chair conformation with the two methylammonium substituents in the equatorial positions. The crystal structure features extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions.


Discussion of ethics in the public health arena has primarily focused on the practices of public health doctors and professionals. The community could not get the required attention in terms of their role in compliance with the communication in the form of public health advisory in times of public health crisis. Even though public health is the societal approach to protecting and promoting health, ethics in public health have prioritised behaviours of and moral dilemmas faced by public health professionals only. Leaving out the community's responsibility makes the entire gamut of public health efforts incomplete and deficient. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, non-compliance to the public health advisory raised an important aspect of expectation of ethical behaviour by the community and what could facilitate and hinder compliance of ethical behaviour ensuring the safety of self and others. Public health ought to consider the community as not only an important but also responsible stakeholder in its pursuit of promotion of health and prevention of disease.


Objectives: To study the behavior of these parameters following the variation of CH4-H2 fuels in air. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We simulated the behavior of the turbulent methane-hydrogen/air flame, generated by a three-dimensional non-premixed cylindrical combustion chamber. The numerical simulations are carried out using the calculation code CFD "FLUENT". Mathematical methods were used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow phenomenon. Findings: The numerical results are compared and validated with the experimental data. In these conditions, the same parameters considered previously are used in the study of combustion behavior. The parameters characteristics of the flow were characterized such as the axial velocity, the temperature and the mass fraction of the carbon monoxide CO. Application/Improvements: The results show that the variation of the fuel influences the considered parameters. In addition, we confirm that hydrogen is a clean fuel without emitting CO into the environment.


Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are nowadays considered as a promising candidate for the upcoming nanoelectronics. GNRs are fabricated in laboratory by cutting a monolayer graphene into nano strip ribbon. Armchair GNR (A-GNR) which is now widely used because of its semiconducting electronic properties. Band gap energy, velocity of carrier, density of state (DOS) which are the basic features in observing semiconducting properties of materials. Another important feature which is silently discussed in literature is that "reservoir" is a source of charge carrier into A-GNR channel. In this paper we will observe the bandgap energy, velocity of carrier in A-GNR and DOS in A-GNR and reservoir assuming reservoir length in nanometer scale. We will also calculate above mentioned parameter for m=3p+1 and m=3p structures.


This invention relates generally to use of a stable aqueous carbonyl compound containing solution, or a mixture of different carbonyl compounds containing solutions, in a program of integrated vector management.


This chapter aims to analyze the regulation of robo-advisors in mainland China and give suggestions for its future development. In recent years, the Chinese government has set the development of smart finance as one of the economic policy priorities, including robo-advisors which rely on artificial intelligence and big data analytics. The development of robo-advisors in China has been facilitated by some local factors, such as strong consumer demand and a rapidly rising middle class, while at the same time faces significant challenges, such as the overly high and inconsistent entry threshold, insufficient asset management powers, weak fiduciary duties, and inadequate information disclosure duties. Based on a careful consideration of relevant overseas experiences and Chinese local conditions, this chapter argues that China should allow robo-advisors to provide discretionary asset management services and that a uniform regime should be established to cover both human and AI investment advisers. A streamlined and refined entry threshold should be set for the advisory service market. Robo-advisors should be subject to more detailed and functional information disclosure rules and fiduciary duties.


We tested the effect of two new additives, cyclo hexane (CH) and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), on the cycling performance of a carbon-coated artificial graphite (AG) anode on a lithium-ion cell to investigate suppression of irreversible capacity loss of the graphite anode during the first-cycle charge. Both CH and NMP additives effectively increased the coulombic efficiency of the graphite anode during the first cycle. We attribute this phenomenon to the dissolution of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) binder of the AG anode due to CH or NMP addition, which improved the PVdF elasticity and reduced the contact area between the AG particles and the electrolyte. Consequently, adding CH or NMP reduced the loss of lithium ions in the first-cycle charge. Cycle-performance testing of the Li/AG half-cell indicated that we could achieve maximum discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency by applying an additive amount ranging from 2 to 5% for both CH and NMP. The cycling performance testing of the LiCoO 2 half-cell suggested that these two additives also have good oxidation stability and are therefore worth applying in lithium-ion cells with graphite anodes.


One novel compound 3,5-dimethoxy phthalimide had been isolated from Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich.The compound exhibited definite antioxidant activity.Meanwhile it was reported that many compounds with the skeleton of phthalimide displayed many bioactivities such as anti-angiogenesis,anti-inflammatory,immune regulation and anti-tumor and so on.On the comprehensive review of above evidences,a series of N-substituted-3,5-dimethoxy phthalimide derivatives and N-substituted-3,5-dihydroxy phthalimide derivatives were designed and synthesized.Those compounds were synthesized by the multi-step reaction,3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid was used as a starting material,and sequentially generates the phthalic anhydride and phthalimide,then reacted with a series of halogenated hydrocarbons,and stripped of methyl to obtain the target compounds.Thirty-one new compounds were synthesized,and the structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and MS techniques.Their anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis activities against A549 and HUVEC cell line in vitro were tested.Some compounds showed a certain activity.


Objective: To determine if intrapatient comparisons between prediagnosis and subsequent radiological progression could be used to assess effects of DMARDs in an RA inception cohort. Patients and methods: 149 non-randomised patients with newly diagnosed RA in four groups were analysed: patients treated with (a) methotrexate (n = 56); (b) sulfasalazine (n = 55); (c) auranofin (n = 19); and (d) controls who were poor treatment responders (n = 19). Radiographs were quantified using the Larsen erosion score. The prediagnosis radiological progression from the onset of RA symptoms to diagnosis was calculated and compared with the observed progression rate during the first year after diagnosis while receiving DMARD treatment. Results: Mean (SD) disease duration from onset of symptoms until diagnosis was 6.7 (4.0) months. Mean (SD) baseline Larsen score was 13.2 (9.3), giving a mean (SD) estimated prediagnosis progression rate of 23.6 (12.4) Larsen score units/year. Control and auranofin groups showed radiological progression after diagnosis similar to the progression predicted by prediagnosis progression rates. Patients receiving methotrexate or sulfasalazine showed a marked reduction (71% and 73%, respectively; p<0.001) in radiographic progression compared with prediagnosis progression. Conclusions: Prediagnosis rates of radiological progression can be used quantitatively to obtain information on the potential efficacy of DMARDs, and indicate that methotrexate and sulfasalazine, but not auranofin, significantly retard radiographic damage in the first year after diagnosis.


Maya Blue, an ancient nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrid material resulting from the attachment of indigo, a natural dye, to a phyllosilicate clay, palygorskite, has received considerable attention of late. Despite intensive research, several aspects remain unsolved, in particular the nature of the indigo–palygorskite association. Recent results suggest that the Maya Blue pigment is a complex system in which different topological isomers of various indigoid molecules attached to the palygorskite matrix coexist.


We study the nonlinear mean-field dynamics of diatomic molecule formation at coherent photo- and magneto-association of ultracold atoms focusing on the case when the system is initially in the all-atomic state. We show that in the limit of strongly nonlinear interaction between an ultra-cold atomic-molecular system and a quasi-resonant electromagnetic field, the molecule formation process, depending on the characteristics of the associating field, may evolve according two different scenarios, namely, weak- and strong-oscillatory regimes. In the first case the number of molecules increases without pronounced oscillations of atom-molecule populations, while in the second case high-amplitude Rabi-type oscillations arise. Assuming an arbitrary external field configuration, we construct analytical solutions to describe the system's temporal dynamics in the both interaction regimes. Further, we investigate the influence of inter-particle elastic scattering on the dynamics of coherent molecule formation subject to an external field configuration of the resonance-crossing Landau-Zener model. We derive an approximate solution which for the first time describes the whole temporal dynamics of the molecule formation in this general case.


Music critics have almost universally snubbed the pop hip hop power group the Black Eyed Peas in both their preachy earlier incarnation ("the world's most boring rap group," raved Rolling Stone [Hoard 2005]) and their more recent Fergiefied forays into poppier terrain (which are "so . . . unoriginal," sighed PopMatters .com [Taylor 2005]). This critical response is telling, not just because it may be an accurate assessment of a group that hawks ice-cold Dr. Pepper as readily as lukewarm social consciousness, but because of what gets left out of all the haranguing: The last two Peas albums each contained a mainstream American pop anomaly—a track that is at least partially in Tagalog (the dominant language of Manila and the areas surrounding it, and the lingua franca among diasporic Filipinos), co-written and fronted by the Peas' Filipino MC, Apl.de.ap. The Peas' penchant for mixing up bits and pieces of various and sundry sounds and subcultures into number one hit after number one hit provokes the ire of critics and prompts former fans to cry sell-out. But it is also precisely the group's mainstream success and their genre-hopping aesthetic that afford Apl the position to create tracks like 2003's "The APL Song" and 2005's "Bebot," songs that begin to address the elision of Asian Americans and Asian American experiences from pop music and of Filipinos from American culture and history. This essay will address Apl's attempts to tell alternative stories from within the margins of mainstream pop. But it will also examine the ways in which Filipino American fans build on the Peas' music and their consumption of it to recount their own diasporic narratives and develop projects meant to clear a space for Filipino expressive identity in the United States and reinsert Filipino experiences into American political, cultural, and hip hop histories. Crafting counter-hegemonic discourse out of the music of a group that is unabashedly commercial and whose mainstream success at least partially pivots on a heavily commodified multiculturalism is, of course, extremely complicated. It's also a tactic that, born of diasporic experiences and rooted in the aesthetic language


Drawing upon social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity, we review the employee–organization relationship (EOR). A number of EOR frameworks share common theoretical ground yet have developed independently: psychological contracts, perceived organizational support, employment relationship, social and economic exchange, and idiosyncratic deals. We examine the empirical evidence linking each of the frameworks to employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Relationships based on minimal investment (quasi-spot contracts and transactional psychological contracts) and psychological contract breach are negatively related to OCB. Economic exchange is unrelated to OCB. Relationships that demonstrate investment, support, fulfillment of obligations, and granting of idiosyncratic deals are positively related to OCB because they signal a trusting and benefit conferring relationship. We outline challenges and future research directions that address the "value addedness" of the EOR frameworks.


Statistical postprocessing methods can be used to correct bias and dispersion error in raw ensemble forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. Existing postprocessing models generally perform well when they are assessed on all events, but their performance for extreme events still needs to be investigated. Commonly used joint probability postprocessing models are based on the correlation between forecasts and observations. Because the correlation may be lower for extreme events as a result of larger forecast uncertainty, the dependence between forecasts and observations can be asymmetric with respect to the magnitude of the precipitation. However, the constant correlation coefficient in the traditional joint probability model lacks the flexibility to model asymmetric dependence. In this study, we formulated a new postprocessing model with a decreasing correlation coefficient to characterize asymmetric dependence. We carried out experiments using Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts for daily precipitation in the Huai River basin in China. The results show that, although it performs well in terms of continuous ranked probability score or reliability for all events, the traditional joint probability model suffers from overestimation for extreme events defined by the largest 2.5% or 5% of raw forecasts. On the contrary, the proposed variable-correlation model is able to alleviate the overestimation and achieves better reliability for extreme events than the traditional model. The proposed variable-correlation model can be seen as a flexible extension of the traditional joint probability model to improve the performance for extreme events.


Measurement of the line spread function of a black slit against an extended illuminated background detects the existence of stray light in the measured system. This method is useful for imaging systems since it is directly related to the modulation transfer function. The method is described in detail, a figure of merit is introduced, and an example of the use of the method is shown.


: One of the major challenges toward the reliable and safe operation of the Multi-Terminal HVDC (MT-HVDC) grids arises from the need for a very fast DC-side protection system to detect, identify, and interrupt the DC faults. Utilizing DC Circuit Breakers (CBs) to isolate the faulty line and using a converter topology to interrupt the DC fault current are the two practical ways to clear the DC fault without causing a large loss of power infeed. This paper presents a new topology of a fast proactive Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker (HDCCB) to isolate the DC faults in MT-HVDC grids in case of fault current interruption, along with lowering the conduction losses and lowering the interruption time. The proposed topology is based on the inverse current injection technique using a diode and a capacitor to enforce the fault current to zero. Also, in case of bidirectional fault current interruption, the diode and capacitor prevent changing their polarities after identifying the direction of fault current, and this can be used to reduce the interruption time accordingly. Di ff erent modes of operation of the proposed topology are presented in detail and tested in a simulation-based system. Compared to the conventional DC CB, the proposed topology has increased the breaking current capability, and reduced the interruption time, as well as lowering the on-state switching power losses. To check and verify the performance and e ffi ciency of the proposed topology, a DC-link representing a DC-pole of an MT-HVDC system is simulated and analyzed in the PSCAD / EMTDC environment. The simulation results verify the robustness and e ff ectiveness of the proposed HDCCB in improving the overall performance of MT-HVDC systems and increasing the reliability of the DC grids. This paper presents a new topology of a fast proactive Hybrid DC Breaker (HDCCB) to isolate the DC faults in Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC (MT-HVDC) grids in case of fault current interruption, along with lowering the conduction losses and lowering the interruption time. All modes of operation of the proposed topology are studied. Simulation results verify that compared to the conventional DC CB, the proposed topology has lower interruption time, lower on-state switching losses, and higher breaking current capability. Due to the fact that MT-HVDC systems can share the power among the converter stations independently and in both directions, and considering the fast bidirectional fault current interruption, and reclosing and rebreaking capabilities, the proposed HDCCB can improve the overall performance of MT-HVDC systems and increase the reliability of the DC grids.


By means of creep properties measurement and microstructure observation, an investigation has been made into the damage and fracture mechanism of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy during creep at moderate temperature. Results show that the deformation mechanism of the alloy in the latter stage of creep is that the primary-secondary slipping systems are alternately activated, and the micro-crack is firstly initiated on the γ′/γ phases interface in the intersection regions of two slip systems. As creep goes on, the micro-crack is propagated along the γ′/γ interface, which is perpendicular to stress axis, to form the square-like cleavage plane on the (001) plane. Thereinto, the propagation of the cracks on (001) plane is intersected with {111} cleavage plane which is secondly activated, which may terminate the propagation of the crack to form the cleavage plane with square-like feature on (001) plane along the <110> directions. Due to the multi-cracks may be propagated on different cross-section of the alloy during creep, and the tearing edge or secondary cleavage plane are formed along the direction with bigger shearing stress at the crack tip, which makes the multi-cracks connected each other until the occurrence of creep fracture, this is thought to be the main reason of the creep fracture having the uneven and multi-level cleavage characteristics.


Abstract With the intention of bringing to public notice details of Scotland's mineral resources, the Highland Society, in 1834, instituted a scheme of geological patronage. Awards of cash and medals were offered to authors of meritorious geological surveys of Scottish coal-districts and Counties. This paper traces the history of the County premium-competition and focuses attention on the little-known prize-winners.


Finding the general solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) is essential for controller design in newly developed methods. Interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) is one of such methods in which the solution to corresponding PDEs which are called matching equations is needed to apply it in practice. In this paper, these matching equations are transformed to corresponding Pfaffian differential equations. Furthermore, it is shown that upon satisfaction of the integrability condition, the solution to the corresponding third-order Pfaffian differential equation may be obtained quite easily. The method is applied to the PDEs of IDA-PBC in some benchmark systems such as Magnetic levitation system, Pendubot, and underactuated cable-driven robot to verify its applicability.


Booklet cover shows an illustration of a smiling boy sitting at a desk and drawing a picture on a drawing board. He has a copy of the rhyming trades alphabet open beside him.
Extended Title - From, The rhyming trades alphabet, Wellington, 1914.
Quantity: 1 colour photo-mechanical print(s) on cover of booklet..
Physical Description: Offset print on page 247 x 187 mm.


cAMP plays an important role in the transduction of signalling pathways involved in neuroprotection and immune regulation. Control of the levels of this nucleotide by inhibition of cAMP‐specific PDEs such as PDE7 may affect the pathological processes of neuroinflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the selective PDE7 inhibitor, TC3.6, in a model of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), a rare and severe variant of MS.


For the past 20 years the concept of liberal peacebuilding has ostensibly guided the efforts of Western governments, the United Nations and other international institutions to stabilise and rebuild conflict-affect states.2 Liberal peacebuilding sought to build state institutions that adhere to the key tenets of the 'liberal peace': democracy, the rule of law and human rights, and which provide the conditions for capitalist market economies to flourish. The concept was based on the assumption that liberalism was inherently attractive and offered the most likely path to peace and prosperity. Its authority was buttressed by the claim that promoting liberal peace would also end conflict between states, based on the democratic peace thesis.3


Commercial propane can contain up to 300 ppm of Sulfur so that reforming technologies based on catalytic processes can not be directly applied without prior cleaning of such a feed in order to avoid the reformer's catalyst poisoning (while some Solid Oxide Fuel Cells can accept Sulfur-polluted syngas). We run our reforming process in a presence of high-voltage discharges (called GlidArc) that assist the Partial Oxidation of pure or polluted propane. Electric consumption for this non-catalytic reformer is less than 2% of a Fuel Cell electric output. Recycling such a small portion of the electric energy is, in our opinion, an acceptable compromise as our active (and also very simple) GlidArc discharges play a role of an igniter and homogeneous phase catalyst; they also stabilize a post-plasma zone of our reformer. Our 1-Liter reactor works at atmospheric pressure and needs less than 100 W of electric assistance to produce up to 3 m3 (n)/h of pure syngas corresponding to about 10 kW of electric power of an ideal Fuel Cell. The propane is totally reformed at more than 70% energetic efficiency and at the total absence of soot.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Abstract Rate and source of nitrogen application significantly increased total yields from Micmac strawberry plants, but only in the first of 3 successive cropping seasons. Early harvest yields of marketable and total fruit from control plots were equal to or higher than those from the nitrogen treatments in all seasons, but these differences were not reflected in significant total yield responses in the 2— and 3— cropping seasons. Early season soil NO3‐N and NH4‐N values, in the planting year, reflected nitrogen application but the effect decreased as the season progressed and there was no consistent effect of any subsequent nitrogen treatment on soil or leaf N levels, marketable or total yields. A leaf N range of 1.5–2.0% at full bloom and spring soil NH4‐N, NO3‐N and mineralizable N levels of 4, 10 and 25 ppm, respectively, were adequate for optimum yields.


By using molecular dynamics method, transition of Al-Co alloy from liquid to amorphous structure has been investigated theoretically. The structure parameters, pair distribution functions (PDF), bond-angle distribution functions, and Voronoi polyhedra analysis are adopted as indicators of the evolution of clusters in Al-Co alloy during the rapid cooling processes. We found that below transition temperature, the second peak of PDF curves splits into two pronounced subpeaks, while at all temperature the PDF curves gradually converge to unity at large distance. This indicates that the amorphous alloy exhibits local ordering structure and has no long-range ordering. Besides, the bond-angle distribution function predicts that the degrees in the vicinity of 63.4 and 113.4 are dominated in the system during the processes of rapid annealing, which represent that the icosahedral structures are dominant. Together with the cluster structures observed in simulation, Voronoi polyhedra analysis shows that the most popu...


Small businesses in California face a variety of economic challenges, which include the high costs of labor, insurance, and energy. Electricity costs can represent a significant portion of the operating overhead for small entrepreneurs, especially in rural hot climate areas that require air conditioning. However, despite their intuitive benefit, energy saving programs face sociological constraints that inhibit their effective adoption in this "hard to reach" market sector. As a result, extraordinary outreach efforts are often required by energy service providers to engage small businesses when implementing these programs. This paper examines the development of non-traditional communication channels (formal and informal) and the customer adoption of an electric utility-based demand response program in a rural desert region. We include a case study of a bounded set of customers to whom Southern California Edison (SCE) marketed the SCE Energy$mart Thermostat Program during the spring of 2002 in the Coachella Valley (Palm Springs region) of Southern California. Of greatest interest will be the examination of the spontaneous, self-developed interpersonal communications that customers established informally, and the effectiveness of that mechanism to provide an alternate means of program promotion that reached beyond the standard media delivery channels.


Opportunities are explored to initiate controlled chemistry by photolysis with long-wavelength visible and near infrared light. In one direction, bimolecular reactions are induced by exciting collisional pairs in a solid matrix to energy surfaces well below reactant dissociation limits. Examples discussed include product specific (including stereospecific) photo-oxidation of small alkenes and alkynes by NO2, and cycloaddition reactions of singlet SO and singlet O2. Conducting the chemistry in rare gas matrices allows us to elucidate elementary reaction steps by FT-IR spectroscopy of trapped intermediates, and to gain insight into the dynamics of transients by wavelength-dependent laser photochemistry. In the case of olefin epoxidations, stereochemical details of reaction paths are uncovered by chemical trapping of transient oxirane biradicals in their nascent conformation. State-specific reactions of singlet excited SO and singlet O2 with hydrocarbons illustrate how photons deep in the near infrared can be used for controlled chemical synthesis. In parallel work, excited state redox reactions in homogeneous and colloidal semiconductor solutions are explored that pertain to chemical storage of near infrared quanta and conversion into electrical energy. Examples are studies on chemical storage of singlet delta molecular oxygen (O2(1Δ)), a metastable near infrared energy carrier, its excited state redox chemistry in aqueous solution, and direct reduction of O2(1Δ), at a semiconductor electrode. Using very sensitive time resolved optical techniques, new mechanistic insight is gained on singlet O2 reactions, and on photo-oxidation of halide at the semiconductor-solution interface.


Results: The prevalence of acute renal injury was 7.5% and the main associated factors were: arterial hypertension (p=0.004; OR=1.9615; CI=1.0491-3.6645); hypovolemia (p=0.006; OR=5.6071; CI=1.638219.1854); heart failure (p=0.003; OR=5.3123; CI=1.7521-16.1051); noradrenaline (p<0.0001; OR=9.4913; CI=4.4824-20.0981); dopamine (p=0.0009; OR=3.5212; CI=1.6701-7.4242); dobutamine (p=0.0131; OR=5.2612; CI=1.4172-19.5323); and simultaneous antibiotics (p<0.0001; OR=3.7881; CI=2.02537.0884). The coexistence of more than three risk factors was statistically signifi cant for acute renal injury (p<0.0001; OR=5.0074; CI=2.5601-9.7936).


Red colobus monkeys are playful primates, making them an important species in which to study animal play. The author examines play behaviors and responses in the species for its play initiation events, age differences in initiating frequency and initiating behavior, and the types of social play that result from specific initiating behaviors. Out of the eighteen attempts to initiate play observed by the author, four resulted in play fighting, six in social-locomotor play, four in aggressive rebuffs, and four in passive withdrawals. Old infants proved both the primary initiators and targets of play initiation attempts. Fourteen attempts involved contact with the target animal, suggesting that contact is a species-specific strategy used to initiate play. The author found no relationship however, between specific initiating behaviors and the type of social play that ensued. The author discusses the limitations of the study and directions for future research. Key words: Kibale; play fighting; play initiation; Procolobus rufomitratus; red colobus monkeys; rough-and-tumble play; social-locomotor playMonkeys, like humans, have an extended period of immaturity, during which they spend a good deal of time in play. Play dominates the activity of infant primates and remains one of the top three or four activities of juvenile and adolescent primates (Fagen 1981; Roopnarine and Johnson 1994). Highly social creatures, primates find initiating social play and learning to respond properly to play solicitations to be important skills they must master as early as possible. Depending upon the taxonomy, experts consider the number of extant primate species to range between 190 and 300-200 species can serve us as a reasonable approximation (World Wildlife Fund 2012). But because most primates, regardless of species, live in highly stratified environments such as rainforests whose intractable conditions make viewing their complex behavior difficult, detailed studies of play in the wild are rare and involve only a few species. Researchers have conducted, however, numerous studies of captive primates at play.In this article, I look at occurrences of play initiation in a group of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park in Uganda. Although difficult study conditions led to a limited data set, these preliminary results add a new dimension to our knowledge of red colobus monkeys at play. It is an intriguing species to use to study play initiation because red colobus infants and juveniles devote approximately 27 percent of their activity to play (Worch 2002, 2010), which far exceeds the times reported for other primate-not to mention nonprimate-species. For example, vervets spend 13 percent of their time at play (Govindarajulu et al. 1993); cheetahs, 8 percent (Caro 1995); and meerkats, 3 percent (Sharpe 2002). Despite the propensity of red colobuses for play, however, we know little about how they initiate it.Among the primate species that have been studied extensively in the wild, the amount of time they play-and, to a lesser extent, the types of play in which they engage-vary remarkably. Still, they share a number of characteristics.The amount of time on average individual red colobuses spend in play tends-as it does with humans-to decline with age (Fagen 1993). This reduction in play may result from physiological changes that lead to increased aggressiveness (Caine 1986; Lewis and Barton 2006) and to reduced responsiveness to play solicitations (Levy 1979; Lewis and Barton 2006). Social influences that encourage work-a-day, adult-like behavior may also have a role in reducing play time. For nonhuman primates in particular, weaning requires youngsters to fend for their own nutritional needs and actually helps define the onset of the juvenile period (Subcommittee on Conservation of Natural Populations 1981). Thus, much of the time once available for play during infancy must be devoted to finding food during juvenility. …


Liberty Global plc ("Liberty Global") (NASDAQ: LBTYA, LBTYB and LBTYK) will be presenting at the Goldman Sachs 28th Annual Communacopia Conference on Tuesday, September 17, 2019 at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time at the Conrad Hotel in New York. Liberty Global may make observations concerning its historical operating performance and outlook. The presentation will be webcast live at www.libertyglobal.com. We intend to archive the webcast under the Investor Relations section of our website for approximately 30 days.


The volatile oils in the Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.were extracted by steam distillation method,and the volatile chemical constituents from the herb were identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC/MS).67 compounds are identified,which account for 92.05% of the volatile oils.The major components are pulegone(51.26%),isomenthone(18.33%),piperitenone(4.08%),piperitone(2.53%)and isopulegone(2.11%).


In order to study the mechanical properties of thermal aging composite modified double-base propellant (CMDB), the tensile properties of CMDB propellant were investigated at four temperatures (323, 293, 273, 253 K) and different strain rates (3.3 × 10-5- 3.3 × 10-2 s−1). Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on CMDB propellant samples with different aging time (0,10,20,35,50,65,80,100 d). The mechanical properties of CMDB propellant after aging were studied. The results show that the maximum tensile strength decreases with the aging time, and the strength value fluctuates within a certain range (Δσ<30 %). The master curve of the maximum tensile strength of CMDB propellant was obtained by using the time-temperature equivalence principle (TTSP), and the master curve equation of the aging strength was established. The equation can be used to predict the maximum tensile strength of CMDB propellant with different aging time in the range of quasi-static strain rate.


This study investigated typically developing children's attitudes to physical and intellectual disabilities using the Peer Attitudes Toward the Handicapped Scale (PATHS). Participants were 202 children aged from 9 to 12 years in mainstream classes in the UK. The effect of knowledge about disabilities on attitudes was investigated by controlling whether children received a description of either a child with cerebral palsy or a child with Down syndrome before or after completing the PATHS. Children's friendship intentions towards the described child were also elicited. More positive attitudes toward intellectual disabilities were expressed by children provided with information about Down syndrome. More negative attitudes toward physical disability were expressed by children provided with information about cerebral palsy. This pattern was mostly attributable to the responses of girls who appeared to be more sensitive to the provision of information. Only children's attitudes to physical disability predicted friendship intentions.


Summary form only given. While atmospheric pressure plasmas based on mixtures of helium and oxygen have been used for biomedical applications benefiting from reactive oxygen species (ROS)1,2, the large electron affinity and heavy mass/large size of the oxygen ions precludes stable plasma discharge at low voltage driving conditions. Here, non-thermal oxygen-rich helium plasmas were investigated to achieve enhanced reactive oxygen species concentration without deficiencies in driving conditions. A theta-shaped tube-based atmospheric pressure oxygen-rich helium plasma device has been fabricated and its potential has been investigated for use in topological alteration of plasmid DNA. The optical emission spectra of the plasma from the device showed even if an oxygen plasma is not produced directly, the oxygen flow clearly participates in the plasma process and affects the plasma properties. The oxygen-rich helium plasma generated by our proposed plasma jet device was observed to induce the strand breaks of plasmid DNA in a plasma dose-dependent manner. Further, the effect of the plasma treatments on DNA was enhanced with an increase of oxygen gas concentration while other parameters were held constant. Based on optical emission spectra (OES) and DNA analysis, the atmospheric pressure helium plasmas with oxygen-rich atmosphere increased the ROS in the plasma medium and resulted in a significant enhancement of DNA strand breaks than when only a helium plasma was used. This ROS controllable non-thermal helium plasma device driven at low operating voltage provides a method for sterilizations/decontaminations, plasma cancer therapy, tooth bleaching, wound healings, skin regenerations, as well as providing further insight into apoptosis mechanisms in biomedical applications.


The direct-esterification reaction of succinic acid (SA) with 1,4-butanediol (BD) was investigated in the temperature range from 170°C to 190°C with and without a monobutyl tinoxide (MBTO) catalyst. The extent of reaction was measured by the quantity of water distilled from the reaction. The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of SA and BD, and MBTO concentration on the kinetics were studied. The experimental kinetics results for uncatalyzed reactions agreed quite well with the Flory model. A new complex model was developed for the MBTO catalyzed reaction, and the experimental results showed good agreement with the complex model.


The structure of amorphous silicon (a-Si) has attracted wide interest over the recent decades. This substantial interest is twofold. Firstly, a-Si has many, highly significant, technological applications. Secondly, physically it is a fundamentally interesting material which has been regarded as a model system of a covalently bonded continuous random network (CRN). Such a CRN is a random network in which each atom has full four-fold coordination as the only specific structural feature. More recently, improvement of techniques has allowed greater insight into the structural properties of a-Si. Intriguing deviations, not only from the ideal CRN, but especially between different forms of a-Si have been observed. However, to date it remains unclear to what extent the formation method of a-Si influences its structural order.
Another critically important parameter in the nature of a-Si is its thermal history. For example, a-Si formed by ion-implantation undergoes structural relaxation – or short-range ordering – upon thermal annealing to a new state that is close to an ideal CRN. It remains unclear however, if other forms of a-Si undergo structural relaxation to the same degree.
Thus, despite its widespread use and decades of research, the exact nature of a-Si is still not fully understood and this thesis addresses this topic.
Different forms of a-Si was prepared by deposition techniques, rapid quenching from the melt and solid-state amorphization. These different forms were investigated in their as-prepared state as well as in their thermally annealed. A combination of techniques was used, namely nanoindentation, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, electron diffraction and fluctuation electron microscopy.
All forms of a-Si were first probed for their uniformity. Films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition and by rapid quenching from the melt were found to contain voids and nanocrystals which prevented the study of their structural properties. More uniform films prepared by magnetron-sputtering, ion-implantation and the so-called pressure-induced (PI) a-Si however, were studied in depth for their structural properties.
Each as-prepared form of a-Si was found to have a unique network with very different structural properties. The magnetron-sputtered a-Si was observed to have significant microstructure. The pure ion-implanted a-Si however, is free of such microstructure although some inhomogeneities are clearly present within the network. Interestingly, PI a-Si possesses very little order on the entire length-scale.
Only uniform, pure forms of a-Si without any microstructure undergo structural relaxation upon annealing. In the case of the other forms of a-Si, the presence of voids and nanopores seems to prevent the formation of a more ideal CRN. Intriguingly, for the pure cases however, the structural relaxation results in essentially the same properties for both networks over the entire length-scale.
These findings were used to build a framework for the understanding of the…


Investigation of interaction of electrons and γ-quanta with very strong electromagnetic fields having the strength about Fo = m2c3 /eħ = 1.32×1016V/cm (characteristic QED field strength) is of principal interest for fundamental physics. Such a field performs the work equal to the electron rest energy (mc2) at its Compton wavelength (ħ/mc). Therefore one may think that intrinsic properties of an electron would be manifested due to action the field ~FO on parts of an elementary charge. If such a field is produced with a laser then frequency and wavelength must have values ω ~mc2/ħ and λ h/mc in the rest frame of the electron i.e. defined by fundamental constants and electron mass. The behavior of electrons and photons in very strong electromagnetic fields has not been investigated experimentally. That is way so important to examine experimentally relatively simple situations compatible with detailed quantum electrodynamic interpretation But there is no possibility to obtain directly such a field in laboratory conditions. Although in nature such extremely strong fields can be found in the vicinity of neutron stars (pulsars) and " black holes". Some processes of nonlinear QED have been elaborated by Ritus and Nikishov[1] in FIAN. As a result of their work an idea has arised to achieve field ~Fo in the rest frame of an electron by bringing a high-energy electron (50-GeV) or photon beam (40-GeV) into collision with a high-intensity laser beam[2]. Then fields strengths of ~1011V/cm which achieve by now [3,4] would be transform with Lorentz factor γ = 105-106 i.e. achieve required values. Now there are four the electron accelerators having available parameters. These are HERA (DESY, Hamburg), TRISTAN (Tsukuba, Japan), LEP (CERN), SLC (Stanford, USA).


The utility model relates to the technical field of die-casting dies, in particular to an insert pin anti-blocking exhausting structure applied to a die-casting die. The insert pin anti-blocking exhausting structure comprises a fixed die frame, a fixed die core, a fixed die insert pin, a movable die frame, a movable die core, a movable die insert pin, an air connection rod and an air connection pipe. A casting is arranged at the die combining position between the fixed die core and the movable die core. The fixed die core is fixedly arranged on the fixed die frame, and the movable die core is fixedly arranged on the movable die frame. The movable die insert pin is arranged in the movable die core and penetrates through the casting. The fixed die insert pin is arranged in the fixed die core and penetrates through the casting. The movable die insert pin and the fixed die insert pin are connected. The air connection rod penetrates through the movable die frame and the movable die core and then is connected with the movable die insert pin. The air connection pipe is connected with the air connection rod, so that exhausting is smooth, and product quality can be conveniently improved.


While first principles (FP) calculations have contributed greatly to our understanding of the origins of structural transitions, including those common in ferroelectric meterials,1-4 they, potentially, can play a greater role. The accuracy of such calculations is evidently good enough to make reliable predictions. In principle, FP calculations can contribute to the discovery of basically new materials and to the more efficient development of existing classes of materials. Here, we consider some general strategies for making effective use of FP calculations in discovering and developing new materials, and indicate areas and directions where further theoretical work is needed.


Extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel is a simple process that requires minimum energy input and can be operated via existing liquid–liquid extraction apparatuses. In particular, to achieve deep desulfurization, the conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process has shown limitations in the removal of aromatic sulfur compounds. Recently, extractive desulfurization using a new type of nonvolatile solvent, ionic liquids (ILs), has yielded promising results. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the effect of IL structure on desulfurization efficiency, and a lack of mechanistic understanding regarding how ILs lead to the partition of aromatic sulfur compounds from fuel to the IL phase. The present study examines a total of 71 ILs and two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with combinations representing various cations and anions. We identify a number of ILs that yield high partition coefficients [up to 1.85 mg(S) kg (IL)−1/mg(S) kg (oil)−1] for the partition of aromatic sulfur compounds betwee...


The drying characteristics of Chinese yam were investigated by using hot-air,microwave and vacuum drying respectively.The results indicated drying rates of the three drying methods were different significantly,the microwave drying spent shorter time than other methods,and the vacuum drying brought the best sensory quality.The highest rehydration rate and polysaccharide yield derived from the microwave drying among the three drying methods.


The NAASRA interim guide to pavement thickness design includes a design procedure based on linear elastic layer theory. This approach requires values of elastic modulus (e) to be assigned to each layer of the pavement and the subgrade. For the subgrade, the NAASRA guide gives a relation between the california bearing ratio (CBR) and elastic modulus. To examine the validity of this relation tests were carried out on two clay materials. Laboratory CBR tests were done at various moisture contents and the elastic modulus determined by means of repeated loading triaxial tests. The modulus was found to vary with material type and the resilient strain as well as with CBR. A general relation of the form: log e = 1.61 + 0.37 Log CBR could be used for the two clays, but the variation in modulus for a given CBR was in excess of 4:1 from the largest value of modulus to the smallest. If the resilient strain (epsilon) was taken into account in the relation, the square of the correlation coefficient increased from 0.23 To 0.53. The combined relation for the two clays then became log e = 1.71 + 0.39 Log CBR - 0.00013 Epsilon. The current NAASRA relation, e = f(CBR), gave lower values of modulus for all values of CBR, and would tend to result in conservative designs (a).


Lithium metal is the most promising anode for next-generation lithium batteries. Nonetheless, its non-uniform Li nucleation, dendritic growth, and infinite volume variation lead to the rapid cell failure and hinder...


Unprecedented Russian Law Enforcement: Obligation to Return Unlawfully Gained Income When Using a Leniency Program* The Regional office of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Sverdlovsk…


By solving the Boussinesq equations improved by Beji and Nadaoka,this paper simulated the reflection of wave in front of the wharf constructed by aligned large cylindrical caissons and obtained wave force on the caissons.Finite element method was used in the variance to get a good agreement with the complex boundary condition of cylindrical structures.The numerical simulation results tally well with the findings of physical model test.