We show that an adjoint of a loopless matroid is connected if and only if it itself is connected. Our first goal is to study the adjoint of modular matroids. We prove that a modular matroid has only one adjoint (up to isomorphism) which can be given by its opposite lattice, and proceed to present some alternative characterizations of modular matroids associated to adjoints and opposite lattices. The other purpose is to investigate the adjoint sequence $ad^0M,adM,ad^2M,\ldots$ of a connected matroid $M$. We classify such adjoint sequences into three types: finite, cyclic and convergent. For the first two types, the adjoint sequences eventually stabilize at the finite projective geometries except for free matroids. For the last type, the infinite non-repeating adjoint sequences are convergent to the infinite projective geometries.


Understanding how the spatial arrangement of a population shapes its evolutionary dynamics has been of long-standing interest in population genetics. Most previous studies assume a small number of demes connected by migration corridors, symmetrical structures that most often act as well-mixed populations. Other studies use networks to model the more complex topologies of natural populations and to study the structures that suppress or amplify selection. However, they usually assume very small, regular networks, with strong constraints on the strength of selection considered. Here we build network generation algorithms, evolutionary simulations and derive general analytic approximations for probabilities of fixation in populations with complex spatial structure. By tuning network parameters and properties independent of each other, we systematically span across network families and show that both a network's degree distribution, as well as its node mixing pattern shape the evolutionary dynamics of new mutations. We analytically write the relevant selective parameter, predictive of evolutionary dynamics, as a combination of network statistics. As one application, we use recent imaging datasets and build the cellular spatial networks of the stem cell niches of the bone marrow. Across a wide variety of parameters and regardless of the birth-death process used, we find these networks to be strong suppressors of selection, delaying mutation accumulation in this tissue. We also find that decreases in stem cell population size decrease the suppression strength of the tissue spatial structure, hinting at a potential diminishing spatial suppression in the bone marrow tissue as individuals age.


Porous asphalt (PA) has potential to be utilized in many urban area in Indonesia which often faced high street runoff during rainy season. PA is an environmentally friendly tool for stormwater management. A typical porous pavement has an open-graded surface over an underlying stone recharge bed. The water drains through the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, then, slowly, infiltrates into the soil. However, despite of the benefit of porous asphalt, there is still weaknesses, such as less of service life than dense-graded asphalt due to its lower durability and strength. In order to improve durability and strength of PA, this study investigates the effect of using fly ash (FA) class F in porous asphalt (PA) mixture as replacement of common filler. Since asphalt pen 60/70 is mainly binder material in Indonesia, it is used as the default for all samples in this experiment. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was determined for all the mix by Marshall mix design. In view of the nanomaterial approach, samples were then prepared for the same optimum bitumen content (5.85%) by using Bina-Marga's PA standard in control mix as well as natural FA and treated FA as alternative filler in modified mixes. Treated FA itself has been milled using transversal ball mill machine for 3 to 6 hours. Experimental results indicated higher stability value and reduction of permeability with the same OBC for the mixture having treated FA as filler content in comparison with standard mix and natural FA mix. It is proposed that additional finer material of treated Fly ash as alternative filler added into asphalt mixture resulted in improvement strength. In order to do that, the required amount of treated Fly ash should be less than 200 grams.


The objective of this paper is to develop an algorithm for the estimation of time-varying wind parameters by taking into account a detailed quadrotor model. The design objectives include the time convergence optimisation, robustness to measurement noises, and a guaranteed convergence of the estimates to the true values under mild applicability conditions. It is supposed that the estimation algorithm can use inertial measurement unit (IMU) (accelerometers, gyroscopes) sensors augmented with an earth reference tracking system and rotor rotational velocity sensors. To this end, three time-varying parameter estimation algorithms are introduced, compared and finally merged to estimate the varying wind velocity in onboard quadrotor systems. Final numerical experiments, using a nonlinear quadrotor simulator, are used to validate the proposed approaches.


We observe how temperature and compliance currents (CCs) affect the coexistence of nonvolatile resistive memory switching (NVMS) and volatile threshold switching (VTS) in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible Cu/SiOx/p++-Si device. NVMS and VTS behaviors are investigated at different temperatures (300 K, 360 K, and 420 K) and different CCs (100 nA–1 mA). In CCs smaller than 1 mA, NVMS and VTS coexist, and as the CC decreases, the frequency of occurrence of VTS tends to increase. The frequency of VTS events increases at higher temperatures. We demonstrate the transient characteristics of the device using a pulse transient for SET, RESET, and volatile switching. These results could be used to artificially mimic the long-term and short-term plasticity of biological synapses using the phenomena of NVMS and VTS.We observe how temperature and compliance currents (CCs) affect the coexistence of nonvolatile resistive memory switching (NVMS) and volatile threshold switching (VTS) in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible Cu/SiOx/p++-Si device. NVMS and VTS behaviors are investigated at different temperatures (300 K, 360 K, and 420 K) and different CCs (100 nA–1 mA). In CCs smaller than 1 mA, NVMS and VTS coexist, and as the CC decreases, the frequency of occurrence of VTS tends to increase. The frequency of VTS events increases at higher temperatures. We demonstrate the transient characteristics of the device using a pulse transient for SET, RESET, and volatile switching. These results could be used to artificially mimic the long-term and short-term plasticity of biological synapses using the phenomena of NVMS and VTS.


Drug addiction is a pathological state; the disorder involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug seeking behavior. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, categorized three stages of drug addictions preoccupation, anticipation, binge intoxication and withdrawal or negative effect. These stages are characterized respectively by constant craving and preoccupation with obtaining the substance, using more of the substance and experience the necessary intoxicating effects and experiencing tolerance withdrawal symptoms and decrease motivation of normal life activities.


An investigation was carried out to determine whether Chinese text material conforms to Zipf's law. The information reservoir for this particular investigation contains 2,022,604 Chinese ideograms. It is shown that single Chinese characters do not conform to Zipf's law; however compound words are found to conform well. In addition, examining the regression analysis for compound words implies a good degree of conformity.<<ETX>>


During New Culture Movement,scientism not only had varied expression in Chinese thought community,but also had changed into novel one in some extent which is different from the western scientism in character.Modern Chinese scientism thoughts mingled with New Culture Movement with the feature of advocated science,scientific spirit and scientific method.It's hard for us to draw a clear line between scientism and advocating science.Thus,scientism thoughts had both the positive and negative influence on modern Chinese thought community.The reason why scientism appeared in modern Chinese thought community lies in the pragmatistic understanding of science.The way to dispelling scientism in China lies in bringing up our nation's own true scientific spirit,but not in objecting to science as "new authority","new belief".


The production and characterisation of 3-[(2-aryl-2-hydroxy)ethyl]-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazoles (2a–d) and 3-[(2-aryl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl)ethyl]-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole (2e) by the reaction of hydrazine with 6-substituted-5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-pyrones is described. The products exist as 5-hydroxypyrazoles rather than pyrazolin-5-ones.


This research is motivated by the use of Puruih Beach tourist sites, in addition to being used for tourist attractions, it is also used as a place to make a living. One of the breadwinners found was busker. Buskers take advantage of the much-visited Puruih Beach tourist area to make a living to meet family needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the busking strategy in improving the economy in the Padang Puruih Beach Tourism Area. This study was analyzed using the theory of social action put forward by Max Weber, who explained the actions which were oriented towards the motives and goals of the actors. According to Weber there are four types of social action, first is rational instrumental action, second is value rational action, third is affective action, fourth is traditional action. This research approach uses a qualitative research approach with the type of case study research, the technique of selecting purposive sampling with 13 informants. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and observations which were analyzed using data analysis techniques by Miles and Huberman. Busking strategy in improving the economy is to optimize children's education. Buskers choose to meet the children's school needs rather than buy other things and set aside some of the busking results so that it can be capital to increase their livelihoods.


This paper presents a real time workers' behavior analyzing system using wearable sensors which combine Bluetooth low energy beacon (Beacon) and acceleration sensor to measure production progr...


Lead tetraacetate oxidations of 2,3,3a,4,6,7,7a,8-octahydrobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrazolo-3,7-dione and 2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7-octahydrobenzo[2,1-c:3,4-c']dipyrazolo-3,6-dione in the presence of 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene have yielded octahydrodipyridazino[1,2-a:1,2-a']benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrazolo-6,14-diones and octahydrodipyridazino[1,2-a:1,2-a']benzo[2,1-c:3,4-c']dipyrazolo-6,9-diones. In one of the eight Diels-Alder reactions two isomeric products were isolated.


In this paper the aim is to immobilize chitosan nanoparticles on the surface of the polypropylene film, aqueous phase thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium persulfate is used. The PP film is first hydroxylation pretreated in the protection of the high-purity nitrogen. And then ceric ammonium nitrate acting as an initiator, induce graft polymerization of acrylic acid on the hydroxylated treated PP film. Thus, carboxyl functional groups are grafted on the surface of PP film. Finally chitason namoparticles are fixed on PP film by the reaction of carboxyl group and the amino group of chitosan. Experimental results show that: when the reaction temperature is 60 ° C, the concentration of acrylic acid is 8% (w/w), the reaction time reaches 4h, the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is 2mM, the optimum grafting ratio is obtained, which is up to 0.6008×10-7mol/cm2. Total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy absorption peaks appear at 1712cm-1, indicating that the-COOH has been successfully grafted to the film surface; the SEM scanning the film surface shows that the chitosan nanoparticles were perfectly immobilized on the modified film. Key words: Acrylic acid, Polypropylene film, Chitosan nanoparticles, Graft polymerization


The paper discussed the obvious differene on geometric desig n of roads of American with our country's. According to the A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets published by AASHTO ,it may widen the train of th ought of highway designers of our country and may use for reference under feasib ility conditions.


A deterministic herd-level model was developed to simulate profit (income minus expense) from 100 beef cows in western Canada. The cow-herd was composed of three synthetic strains (M1, M2 and M4) mated in rotation and at equilibrium with respect to age and genotype. Two synthetic "terminal sire" strains (M3 and TX) were also simulated. Heifers were mated with M3 to minimize dystocia when calving at 2 yr of age. Cows greater than 5 yr of age were bred to TX. Baseline economic and biological data were obtained from Beefbooster breeders. Endpoints considered were weaned calves, backgrounded steer and heifer calves, finished steers and heifers, and carcass weight and grade. Variable costs included feed consumed by the cow-herd (76% of variable costs to weaning), non-feed items to weaning, and feed consumed by market progeny after weaning. Relative economic values (âi) were changes in profit ensuing from unit changes of the baseline strain specific biological characteristics. Elements of â were economic values...


A simple precise and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative determination of Regorafenib in tablet dosage form. In this method Hypersil Gold (C18, 150mm× 4.6mm id, 3μ) column with mobile phase consisting of Trifluoroacetic acid (0.2% v/v) and Acetonitrile in the ratio of (50: 50 v/v) at 400C in an isocratic mode was used. The detection was carried out at 260 nm and 20μL injection volume was selected with the flow rate 1mL/min. The linearity range of Regorafenib shows concentration between 5-200 μg/mL. The regression coefficient obtained was 0.999. Retention time of Regorafenib was found to be 6.49 minutes. Acetonitrile and Water in the ratio of (3:1) was used as a diluent. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and is simple, fast, accurate, precise and can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Regorafenib in tablet dosage form.


This paper attempts to analyse the intellectual bond between George Santayana and Walter Lippmann and extrapolate the basic themes common to the two men


Sustainable societies require development of cost-effective methods for harnessing energy from wastes and wastewater, and alternatively capturing this energy to make other useful chemicals with simultaneous wastes and wastewater treatment. Recently developed bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) that use microorganisms to catalyze different electrochemical reactions are promising for capturing the energy in wastes and wastewater for diverse purposes. A BES is called a microbial fuel cell (MFC) if electricity is generated and the Gibbs free energy change of the corresponding reaction is negative. Conversely, when the Gibbs free energy change of the overall reaction is positive, power needs to be supplied to drive this non-spontaneous reaction, and this BES is regarded as a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). The electrode character is considered to be a key factor for triggering the applicable BESs. Graphene has been recently used as the electrode and investigated in BESs because of its unique structure and excellent properties. Here, an up-to-date review is provided on the recent research and development in BES-based graphene, particularly in MFC-based graphene. The recent pristine graphene,


Treaties — Operation of — As Affecting Individuals — Operation of Treaty After Signature but Before Entry into Force — Private Contract Concluded Before Entry of Treaty into Force — Contract Contrary to Purpose of Treaty — Whether Contract Binding — The Law of Austria.


Based on the analysis of the traffic accident, an one step and single veriable traffic accident forecast model (GM(1,1) is set up with the Grey Theory. It can be used for forecasting the traffic accident's statistical guideline. The example shows that the way is feasible, simple and practical.


A formal solution of certain dual integral equations involving H-functions is derived by the application of the operators of fractional calculus due to Saigo [14,15]. It has been shown that the given dual integral equations can be transformed, by the application of the operators, into two others with a common kernel and the problem then reduces to that of solving a single integral equation. Since the common kernel comes out to be a symmetrical Fourier kernel investigated by Fox [8], the formal solution readily follows.


This paper explores the language usage of a multilingual child, Clau, who speaks English and Hungarian and has receptive skills in Spanish. Several utterances of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) can be found in his speech that need further exploration. The source of Clau's mixed utterances is analysed by looking into parental strategies used by his parents, applying a speech production model on his speech and looking for the source language of the CLI in his speech. Parental strategies are examined because they facilitate code-switching (CS) in the child's speech as his parents mostly rely on the move on strategy which enforces the child's multilingual self and encourages CS. Clau's speech is analyzed through a speech production model proposed by Green (1986) and the analysis proves that his dominant language is English and that it is a language that is always in an active state in his mind. Furthermore, the utterances produced by Clau are also analyzed by looking for different levels of transfer, like item, system and overall transfer, and through the application of the theory of iconicity. These transfers prove that the dominant language of Clau is English, as in his Hungarian speech he mostly uses that language as his source of word and structural borrowings.


This experiment was done rising the roots of Allium sativum L. (garlic) and Pisum sativum L. (pea). Aspects investigated in the research are the steps of mitotic division and karyotiping. Semi permanent method is used on making preparation with pre-treatment of 0.2% colchicines, fixation using 45% glacial acetic acid, hydrolysis using 1N chloride acid and dying with acetoorcein. The results suggest that pro-metaphase (c-metaphase) step is the most suitable step for cytological observations (number, shape and size of chromosome) and karyotyping. The karyotype formulae of Allium sativum is 2n = 16 = 16m, while for Pisum sativum is 2n = 14 = 14m. The size of chromosome of both species is relatively large and disperse, it thus suitable for studying mitotic division. Key words : Allium sativum , Pisum sativum, mitosis, karyotipe


7A52 aluminum alloy was welded by using imported 5356 welding wire with method of MIG welding process.The samples were deep cryogenic treatment,and then tested microhardness and tensile strength of the samples before and after deep cryogenic treatment.The fracture surfaces were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that the microhardness and tensile strength of 7A52 aluminum alloy welded joints can effectively improve by deep cryogenic treatment.Especially the deep cryogenic treatment for 4 hours,the microhardness of the weld metal was improved by 27.2%,and the tensile strength of welding joint was up to 315 MPa,increased by 12.1% than no deep cryogenic treatment,to reach 76.8% of the parent material,softening of welded joints was effectively restored.


Objective To review the clinical experience of surgical correction of double outlets of right ventricle in 63 children.Methods 63 patients with age of 2 months~13 [mean(4.25±3.46)] years and body weight of 5~44[mean(14.3±7.46)]kg underwent surgical repair for DORV.There were 44 cases of subaortic VSD,4 subpulmonary VSD,14 doubly committed VSD and 1 noncommitted VSD.19 cases were associated with pulmonary hypertension,41 pulmonary stenosis and 3 pulmonary atresia.Associated cardiac abnormalities included double VSDs in 3 cases,atrial septal defect in 10,left pulmonary stenosis in 3,patent ductus arteriosus in 6,aortic coarctation in 2,and asplenia syndrome in 1.All patients underwent surgical treatment.Results Total repair was performed in 51 cases and the palliative operation in 12.There were 6 cases of total hospital death.The mortality rate was 9.52%.The patients had been followed up from 1 month to 12 years.There was 1 case of late death.The rest remained well.Conclusion Understanding DORV pathologic anatomy thoroughly,selecting suitable surgical management,undergoing surgical treatment in early life,and making proper postoperative care are important factors influencing on surgical outcome of DORV in children.


The subject of the present article is the study of correlations between large insurance companies and their contribution to systemic risk in the insurance sector. Our main goal is to analyze the conditional structure of the correlation on the European insurance market and to compare systemic risk in different regimes of this market. These regimes are identified by monitoring the weekly rates of returns of eight of the largest insurers (five from Europe and the biggest insurers from the USA, Canada and China) during the period January 2005 to December 2018. To this aim we use statistical clustering methods for time units (weeks) to which we assigned the conditional variances obtained from the estimated copula-DCC-GARCH model. The advantage of such an approach is that there is no need to assume a priori a number of market regimes, since this number has been identified by means of clustering quality validation. In each of the identified market regimes we determined the commonly now used CoVaR systemic risk measure. From the performed analysis we conclude that all the considered insurance companies are positively correlated and this correlation is stronger in times of turbulences on global markets which shows an increased exposure of the European insurance sector to systemic risk during crisis. Moreover, in times of turbulences on global markets the value level of the CoVaR systemic risk index is much higher than in "normal conditions".


The time-delay and its causes in giant magnetostrictive actuator were analyzed.Besides, the controllable power and inductance were integrated with experimental techniques when modeling of time-delay in giant magnetostrictive actuator.The integrated way demonstrated a more efficient effect comparing with conventional methods.Also, Smith strategy was proposed to solve time-delay in giant magnetostrictive actuator.The influence of time-delay in giant magnetostrictive actuator dynamic performances was discussed, especially in condition of disturbance and variational parameters.A new solution satisfying both dynamics and robust was proposed based on comparison experiments.


Television serial formats over the past decade have evolved considerably under the influence of new media technologies. Hand in hand with the advent of new distribution channels, new viewing habits and consequently new narrative features have developed in serial filmic narration. Netflix's 2013 release of House of Cards – with episodes directed by David Fincher and starring Kevin Spacey in the lead role – adds to this development. While implicitly drawing attention to the new format's structural and narrative logic, the series borrows strongly from literary genres, including the novel and drama. One of the most distinct features of the series is the theatrical aside, in which the protagonist seemingly addresses an extradiegetic audience. Making the aside, together with the rhetorical figure of metalepsis its starting point, this inquiry will provoke larger questions of filmic serial storytelling in general, and the role of an embodied filmic narrator figure in particular.


Abstract A new layered iron oxide, Pb 1- x Sr 4 Fe 2 O 9-δ , has been isolated for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. Its structural model which corresponds to a regular intergrowth of single [SrFeO 3-δ ] ∞ perovskite layers with single [SrO] ∞ and double [(SrO)(Pb 1- x O)] ∞ rock salt layers, has been established by high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and powder XRD. The existence of numerous defects—local variation of the nature of the cations, modulations of the atomic layers, and intergrowth defects interpreted as [Sr 3 Fe 2 O 7-δ ] ∞ and [Sr 4 Fe 3 O 10-δ ] layers—has been observed by HREM. The existence for Fe(III) of two "5 + 1" coordinations for x = 0, and of three coordinations for x ≠ 0 (two 5 + 1 and one pure pyramidal coordination) has been deduced from Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements.


This article begins by tracing the evolution of data visualization from the fields of aesthetics to areas of creative practice, arguing that the emergence of big data presents creative potential for digital artists. Whereas conventional information visualization emphasizes the effective understanding of data, aesthetics considers the possibility that visualization can enhance the experience of data and support the acquisition of knowledge. In expressing an artistic intent or form, data-based creative practices synthesize and build upon techniques in communications and aesthetics. The article provides a review of recent digital art projects involving big data and suggests further directions for creative practice in an era of data proliferation.


Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent thermal convection in a $\mathit{Pr}=0.7$ fluid up to $\mathit{Ra}=10^{12}$ are used to study the statistics of thermal plumes. At various vertical locations in a cylindrical set-up with aspect ratio ${\it\Gamma}=\text{width}/\text{height}=1/3$ , plumes are identified and their properties extracted. It is found that plumes are much less likely to be emitted from plate regions with large wind shear. Close to the plates, the plumes have a unimodal log–normal distribution, whereas at more central locations the distribution becomes weakly bimodal, which can be traced back to clustering of the plumes and influence of the large-scale circulation. The number of hot plumes decreases with height. The width of the plumes scales with $\mathit{Ra}$ approximately as $\mathit{Nu}^{-1}$ , indicating that it is determined by the thermal boundary layer thickness.


This paper is a continuing work from the same authors on the same topic on gas pulsation and noise control using a shunt pulsation trap (SPT) method by Huang [1, 2, 3]. Traditionally, a serial pulsation dampener/muffler, often a reactive type, is connected AFTER the discharge of a positive displacement compressor. It has been demonstrated in the previous experimental investigations that gas pulsations from under-compression (UC) can be as effectively controlled by an alternative scheme - shunt pulsation trap (SPT), which is more compact and tackles the gas pulsations BEFORE the compressor discharge. Two dampening SPT schemes were investigated and compared: using a perforated plate (p-plate) vs. a perforated tube (p-tube). However, the pulsation induced noise is still a challenge with SPT employment alone. The focus of the present paper investigates experimentally the effect of a new dampening scheme - combining a SPT with a nozzle and an integrated absorptive silencer (IAS) to undertake both pulsation and noise problems at source. It is found that an ASME nozzle SPT with IAS scheme has superior noise reduction capability than both the p-tube + IAS scheme and the traditional scheme using premium silencers. Furthermore, the addition of an integrated absorption silencer (IAS) is not suffering as much back pressure drop associated with traditional reaction type silencers and therefore will not affect system efficiency. The integration of absorptive silencer into a nozzle or p-tube based SPT would provide an optimal design choice for size/weight and pulsation/noise reduction and potentials for energy saving for PD compressors operating in UC mode.


The article analyzes different approaches to the  «professional training of a teacher» definition as a system of organizational-pedagogical measures and vocational training systems; a critical study, the improvement and experimental use of ideas; the purposeful, systematic and organized process of pedagogical influences; qualifications in the process of studying in the corresponding direction, specialty, educational program; systems of special knowledge, abilities and skills, competences, qualities. The peculiarities of the professional training of future foreign languages teachers are defined by the author as: a possession of units of a foreign language and the ability to use them in specific situations of communication; a consistency of the initial level of foreign languages knowledge received at school with the goals and objectives, methods and technologies of forming the personality of a student as a future specialist in the process of vocational training; the ratio of theoretical and practical training, special and psycho-pedagogical, methodical preparation; a symmetrical study of two foreign languages and bilingual life (Ukrainian and Russian); knowledge and appreciation of the cultural characteristics of a nation, the language of which is studied.
The author also proposes the definition of the concept of «professional training of future foreign language teachers» as a dynamic system of organizational and pedagogical influences, which is characterized by the unity of goals, content, methods and technologies of professional training of students, which study foreign languages on a multi-lingual basis, and foresees the formation of readiness for their professional activity, a professional competence. The article deals with important components of the future foreign languages teachers' training such as: the theoretical and linguistic training; the practical training; the professional-oriented theoretical training; the methodical one.
The article analyzes the tendencies of future teacher training in the European region. Among the modern European approaches to foreign language teacher training, the author highlights the following main trends: the unification of requirements for professional training in the process of higher education integration into European educational space; the updating of goals and content of studying and teaching foreign languages, changing educational programs and state standards taking into account common European trends; the transition from the knowledge concept to the competence paradigm in higher education; the internationalization of education; the use of new flexible technologies in the study of foreign languages, the strengthening of the practical component of vocational training.


Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 fish oil lipid emulsion via vein on the inflammatory response,immune and organ function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods A total of 53 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were randomized into conventional


In this note we give a structure theorem for a finite dimension subgroup of the automorphism group of a compact symplectic manifold. An application of this result is a simpler and transparent proof of the classification of compact homogeneous spaces with invariant symplectic structures. We also give another proof of the classification from the general theory of compact homogeneous space which lead us to a splitting conjecture on compact homogeneous spaces with symplectic structures (which are not necessarily invariant under the group action) that makes the classification of this kind of manifolds possible. Supported by NSF Grant DMS-9401755 and DMS-9627434. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 53C15, 57S25, 53C30, 22E99, 15A75.


Nature and Scope of the Inquiry The investigation here described is an extension of an earlier statistical study of sickness absence among women in industry.* Both had much in common but the later study, unlike the earlier, included all the women in a factory and was concerned with absence due to leave and without permission as well as with sickness absence. The factory chosen was engaged in the manu facture of fuzes, and the absence records relate to all the women on the books during the last six months of 1943. These consisted of 2926 women who were employed throughout the period, 332 who left, and 43 who began work during the period. The procedure adopted was to copy, from the factory records, the length and nature


aLTHOUGH A FEW COMMENTATORS have noted the influence of Simone Weil on the thought of Albert Camus, their relationship has never been fully explored.' In this article I shall examine several aspects of that influence in (a) Simone Weil's critique of Marxism which Camus adopted in L'Homme Révolté; (b) the conception of the rebel as an artisan which Camus also used in L'Homme Révolté; and (c) Simone Weil's mysticism to which Camus was reluctantly though definitely drawn. In the final section, I shall consider


Local Area Networks (LANs) are data communications networks within offices, homes, or areas as large as campuses. LANs are based on physical technologies ranging from copper wiring and optical fiber to radio systems. There are a number of commonly used and emerging LAN technologies that offer the opportunity to connect computers and all manner of devices such as sensors and instruments to increasingly pervasive networks.

Keywords:

local-area network;
data communications;
optical fiber LAN;
wireless LAN


Oral azithromycin (AZM) has been shown to reduce airway inflammation and disrupt biofilm formation. However, chronic AZM therapy may result in QT interval (QTc) prolongation.


Combining with Yunnan Earthquake Observation Distributed Database(DDB) building and Yunnan Seismic Professional System Operation and Management Mode,we discussed the produce,flow and application demands of observed earthquake data sufficiently.According to the technical features and criterion of DDB,we designed the node distribution truss,data distribution strategy,distributed storage of data and database copy between nodes of Yunnan Earthquake Observation DDB in detail,and took provincial center node and Honghe Prefecture node as examples to implement Yunnan Earthquake Observation DDB.This is a benefit probe for the realization of the objective of data share suggested by the 10th 5-year Plan Project"Yunnan Earthquake Information Service System".


The article addresses to the analysis of the content of ethical norms that underlie the activities of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. The content of the Code of Ethics of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service is analyzed and also its compliance with the model European Code of Ethics for prison personnel is established and the possibility of its involvement as a model for creating an updated version of the Code of Ethics and Service Conduct of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine is determined. The main task of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service is taking care of prisoners and enforcing sanctions, which, in addition to general values, set the most specific requirements for managers and personnel in both prisons and probation. These requirements are based on the moral values that most fully characterize the work of the Service. It is noted that the penitentiary administration`s actions help in reducing the risk of recidivism and thus increase the level of security in prisons and in the community. The necessary actions are based on fundamental values that apply to the entire Swedish government. The Swedish Prison and Probation Service is a government agency responsible for prisons, correctional facilities and probation. Their mission is to work with the police, prosecutors and courts to reduce crime and increase human security. The Swedish Prison and Probation Service is accountable to the government and is the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice. In its daily activities, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service work to persuade its clients not to commit new crimes. Its personnel guarantee humane treatment of clients, as well as honesty towards them and their legal security. Any client serving a sentence must do so safely and must not be able to commit a crime while registered with the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. It has been established that one of the ways to increase safety in the community is to reduce the recurrence rate. To this end, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service conducts motivational interviews, implements treatment and employment programs, and provides clients with the opportunity to attend school. The management of the Service is convinced that convicts and probation clients should be better prepared so that they can live without crimes and drugs when they are released from a closed institution (prison) or from the probation service. Key words: client, personality, professionalism, knowledge, moral values, legal certainty, predictability.


By Independent Continuous Mapping(ICM) methodology, this article introduced a set of filter functions of element mass and allowable stress to build a topological optimization model of continuum structure under stress constraint with the minimized structural mass as the objective. The author applied the half partition method to obtain adaptive deleting rate resulting in less iterative times and high efficiency of computation. The present optimal model and its algorithm have been implemented by means of the platform of MSC/ PatranNastran software. In addition, stress distribution before and after topological optimization of structure were analyzed. 2D and 3D numerical examples indicate that this method is effective and efficient.


Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The Struggle for Mexican Oil, 1917-1922 Chapter 3. Albert Fall and Mexican Oil Chapter 4. Power and Resources: The United States, Great Britain, and Mexican Oil, 1917-1924 Chapter 5. Banks and the Reinstitutionalization of the Mexican State Chapter 6. The Struggle for the Fields: The Strange Case of Juan Felipe Chapter 7. Gentlemen's Agreement and Recognition Chapter 8. The United States and the De la Huerta Rebellion Chapter 9. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index


Natural sand gravel aggregate processing system for Zaoshi hydroporject is located on the left bank floodland of Xieshui river which flows along the right channel in dry season. In order to take water from the river to clean aggregate, applying seepage trench method, water collecting pipes are preembedded under the floodland and connected with sump pool of the left bank pump station. 2 sediment pools are set up for the waste water and residual debris disposal. The working period of each sediment pool is 14 days, 7 days for water intaking, 3~4 days for compaction and dewatering, 4~3 days for sand excavation and cleaning. The problem of the waste water and residual debris disposal is well solved in the design.


Unabashedly, I confess to being a recovering former state and local health official. During my recent transition into academia, public health practice has continued to be my reference point for making meaningful contributions to the broader public health field. This issue of the Journal on the "business" of public health has only served to reinforce the vigor of my long-held views. Moreover, this occasion presents an opportunity to share some developing thoughts on how public health practice might better be incorporated into this venerable publication, while still preserving its appeal to a wider public health audience.

Supreme Court Justice Potter Steward may have said it best: "I know it when I see it" (Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 US 184 [1964]). Although he was referring to pornography rather than public health practice, the same test may still apply. Altogether too often, when we describe public health practice, our focus tends to be limited to that of the governmental sector. To be sure, it remains a critical unit of analysis as public health moves forward to embrace a national voluntary health department accreditation model. However, as we have recently learned through experience with the National Public Health Performance Standards Program (a product of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 6 public health practice partner organizations; available at: http://www.cdc.gov/od/ocphp/nphpsp), much of what we generally recognize as public health practice is accomplished in tandem, with the public health sector interacting as partners with health care, education, transportation, and others to create the larger public health system. The shared development of strategies and interventions designed to promote and protect the health of communities (Turnock BJ. Essentials of Public Health. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett; 2007) is public health practice writ large.

If the ultimate goal of public health practice is advancement of community health, then the talisman is improvement of health status indicators. Yet, this linkage between public health interventions and downstream health outcomes has often proven elusive. Given the complex environment in which public health is only one of many actors, this paucity of demonstrable impact is understandable; however, the dilemma is compounded by the relatively limited use in public health of an evidence-based approach.

Prestigious medical journals, like New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of the American Medical Association, make a concerted effort to translate research findings into everyday practice relevant for their readers. Although they are not uniformly successful, I applaud the worthy attempt. They do literature reviews of contemporary science, summarize it, and outline lessons for practical application. Alternatively, at times, authors hone in on a specific (more narrow) clinical problem, and update the state of the art. Both models may have public health parallels.

The equivalent approach in public health might involve soliciting the work of leading public health system researchers as well as other scientists, and encouraging translation of their findings to the public health practitioner at all levels. There are also extremely important transforming events taking place in the larger public health field. Stated more succinctly, the remodeled Government, Politics, and Law Department of the Journal will emphasize the metamorphosis that public health practice is undergoing—focusing on what it can become.


Analyses various problems in IKEv1, as well as gives the implementation approaches of this new protocol consulting the improvement of IKEv2.


Simple Summary The marine mammal immune system is of vital importance for the health of any marine mammal. With changes in the natural environment and with increasing anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, the immune system is challenged to unknown extents. Dolphins and other odontocete cetaceans have been shown to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic influence in many aspects. In this regard, it is important to understand how these animals cope with novel stressors and how the immune system works and responds. In studying parallel issues related to underwater noise pollution, we looked at the cetacean ear canal and analysed in detail the cells of the immune system. Like the skin, it is likely to be exposed to the external environment and requires a local defence system as a first barrier to incoming threats. We studied the ear-canal associated immune system and describe the cell population using a variety of microscopic techniques. We describe healthy and activated tissue and cases with inflammation of the external ear canal and compare the different physiological states. As such, this study contributes to acquiring a general understanding of the odontocete cetacean immune system. Abstract A changing marine environment with emerging natural and anthropogenic stressors challenges the marine mammal immune system. The skin and adnexa form a first protective barrier in the immune response, although this is still relatively understudied in cetaceans. The cellular and tissue morphology of the nodular and diffuse lymphoid tissue are not fully charted and the physiological responses are not yet completely understood. The odontocete's external ear canal has a complex relationship with the external environment, with an artificial lumen rendering the inside of the canal a relatively secluded environment. In this work, we studied the odontocete ear canal-associated lymphoid tissue (ECALT) by histo- and immunohistochemistry (HC, IHC) with anti-CD3, anti-CD20, anti-Iba-1, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-vimentin antibodies. The ECALT cellular composition consists mainly of B-lymphocytes with the occasional presence of T-lymphocytes and the dispersed distribution of the macrophages. In cases of activation, the cellular reaction showed a similar pattern with the occasional presence of T-cells, plasma cells, and neutrophils. Nodular lymphoid tissue was generally in line with the description in other odontocetes, although with abundant erythrocytes throughout the entire organ. This study contributes to the understanding of the cellular composition of diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissue in several species of odontocetes, and in association with inflammation of the external ear canal.


The purpose of this study is to provide a solution for the unpleasant experience caused when the user wants to learn an unfamiliar word while reading online. We propose to build a cross-browser built-in dictionary extension called Word Detector. This allows the user to look for all the word details like the definition, synonym, word origin, pronunciation, etc. on the same web page in a small pop-up box. Also, Word Detector incorporates a Self-Education Component (SEC) feature which allows the users to store the difficult words and revisit them to enhance their vocabulary. For the evaluation of our prototype, we have used Two-Group Experiment method, comparing our prototype with Google's popular Google dictionary as the baseline. We assessed our prototype on three core concepts viz. ease of use, better learnability, and customization. Word Detector not only makes the user's reading experience hassle-free and quicker, it also enhances user's English vocabulary.


Experiments directed toward the realization of frequency standards of high accuracy using stored ions are briefly summarized. In one experiment, an RF oscillator is locked to a nuclear spin-flip hyperfine transition (frequency approximately= 3.03*10/sup 8/ Hz) in /sup 9/Be/sup +/ ions that are stored in a Penning trap and sympathetically laser-cooled. Stability is better than 3*10/sup -12/ tau /sup -(1/2)/ and uncertainty in Doppler shifts is estimated to be less than 5*10/sup -15/. In a second experiment, a stable laser is used to probe an electric quadrupole transition (frequency approximately=1.07*10/sup 15/ Hz) in a single laser-cooled /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ion stored in a Paul trap. The measured Q value of this transition is approximately 10/sup 13/. Future possible experiments are discussed.<<ETX>>


Biofilters are widely used to mitigate environmental impacts of urban stormwater runoff. In Germany, they are also widely applied for the treatment of combined sewer overflows (CSO). These specific biofilter systems (also called Retention Sand Filters - RSF) have proven to be an effective measure to reduce concentrations of SS, COD and ammonia nitrogen. The overall aim of the study was to describe the treatment processes of these biofilters under field conditions. At a full scale plant, inflow and outflow quantities were measured and samples were taken with high time resolution . The results indicated that particulate COD is retained almost completely at the surface of the filter. The solute fraction of COD is reduced by an approximately constant removal rate. Elimination of ammonia is a two-step process: ammonia is absorbed within the filter layer during the filtration process and then oxidized to nitrate during the dry periods between the loading events. Based on these results, a conceptual model was developed that can be integrated into urban drainage software to predict the efficiency of a RSF at a given site.


Stereochemical studies on cyclohexane-1,2-diols and scavenger experiments on dioxan indicate that the radiation-induced hydrogen exchange at C-H bonds involves the reaction sequence: RH[graphic omitted] R·[graphic omitted]R–[graphic omitted]RT, the first two steps of which occur in spur regions.


We study the announcement effects and their determinants of convertible debt issues between 2002 and 2008 in China's stock market in order to identify issuer motives. We find that the wealth effect for the event window around the announcement of convertible bonds is significantly related to the possibility of the respective bonds being converted into stocks in the future, specifically, the growth opportunity and the cost of financial distress as well as the overall situation of the aggregate stock market. We furhter investigate the delisting of convertible bonds. Our findings suggests that convertible bonds are used as back door equity financing in China's market. These findings are in line with motives proposed by Stein (1992). We do not find evidence for theories based on agency cost.


Human activities exert many pressures on the quality of groundwater and advanced assessment programmes are needed to design sustainable water management strategies. Nitrate pollution of groundwater resources has increasingly become a global concern. Groundwater from water table of Fès/Meknès serves as the main source of water supply for drinking and irrigation within the province of Meknès (North Morocco). This study investigated (1) groundwater nitrate status as well as the pollution sources and (2) the spatial extent of groundwater nitrate pollution in the region. A total of 28 samples of groundwater were taken for measurement of nitrate concentration during 2007 and 2013, respectively. Our results showed that 58.32 % exceeded the World Health Organization's acceptable threshold (50 mg L ) in 2013. The detailed analysis of spatial 1 distribution of the polluted wells revealed that the most are located within areas of irrigated agriculture. In addition, our further investigation of annual fertilizer application and the spatial distribution of polluted wells revealed that input of artificial nitrogen fertilizers to irrigated lands was strongly correlated to nitrate concentration within groundwater in these areas. Moreover, the transportation of nitrate through the aquifer has been mainly controlled by geology and pattern of groundwater flow and therefore, groundwater flow should be taken into account for future quality management of the aquifer. The results of this study will provide useful guidelines for utilizing of nitrate fertilizers in regards to groundwater quality to avoid repeating the problem of groundwater nitrate pollution.


Paper presented at the International Conference and Exhibition on Groundwater in Ethiopia: Providing Water for Millions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 May, 2004


The transportation mode for the excavated spoil from tunneling with TBM for water conveyance project of Dahuofang Reservoir is finally determined based on the technical and economic comparisons of the related experiences of TBM tunnelings at home and abroad.


Our recent study (Lindfors et al. 2006) shows that there is clear connection between synchrotron outbursts and gamma‐ray state in 3C 279, high gamma‐ray states occurring when synchrotron outbursts are in an early stage. However, the outburst is already beyond the broad line region (BLR) during the gamma‐ray flaring, which makes the External Compton mechanisms, where external photons originate from BLR, inefficient to reproduce the observed gamma‐ray emission. On the other hand, one‐zone or simple multi‐component SSC models (Lindfors et al. 2005) are not able to reproduce the observed gamma‐ray behaviour either. We discuss shortly other suggested mechanisms for gamma‐ray emission as well as future prospects to solve the question of gamma‐ray emission mechanism of 3C 279 via multiwavelength campaigns during the GLAST era.


Connecting with the practice, this paper introduces the common const ruction technical processes and construction methods of the railway steel beam e rection with scaffolding method, including the erection of the scaffolds, the as sembly of the member bars, and the supporting and descending of the beam, etc., and puts forward some measures for the quality control.


Hypermedia applications offer users the impression that there are many meaningful ways to navigate through a large body of information nodes. This rich link structure not only creates orientation problems, it may also be a source of comprehension problems when users follow paths through the information which the author did not foresee. Adaptive techniques have been used by a number of researchers [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 19, 20, 22] in an attempt to offer guidance through and orientation support for rich link structures. The majority of these adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) have been used in educational applications. The terminology used in this paper also has an educational "flavor". However, there are some adaptive on-line information systems (or "kiosk"systems), adaptive information retrieval systems, and other adaptive hypermedia applications. In this paper we describe a reference model for adaptive hypermedia applications, called AHAM, which encompasses most features supported by adaptive systems that exist today or that are being developed (and have been published about). Our description of AHS is based on the Dexter model [15, 16], a widely used reference model for hypermedia. The description is kept somewhat informal in order to be able to explain AHAM rather than formally specify it. AHAM augments Dexter with features for doing adaptation based on a user model which persists beyond the duration of a session. Key aspects in AHAM are: Paul De Bra is also affiliated with the University of Antwerp, Belgium, and with the "Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica" (CWI) in Amsterdam. yGeert-Jan Houben is also affiliated with the University of Antwerp, Belgium, and with Origin in Eindhoven. The adaptation is based on a domain model, a user model and a teaching model which consists of pedagogical rules. We give a formal definition of each of these (sub)models (but only describe the pedagogical rules informally throughexamples). We distinguish the notions of concept, page and fragment. In some AHS these notions are confused. We provide a formalism which lets authors write pedagogical rules (about concepts) in such a way that they can be applied automatically. We illustrate various aspects of AHAM by means of some features of some well-known AHS [6, 10].


This paper on the History and Philosophy of Andragogy is mainly limited [with a few exceptions] to a chronological history and the accompanying philosophy ofandragogy, in line with when the English language documents were published and personal descriptions of events were written down. Some of these documents, however, present aspects of the events and ideas which recount the years and contexts in which they appeared in published form. This will not be an exact history of the events and philosophy as they appear in chronological order. But, this will be presented in the general sequence of the years that the articles, books, commentaries, and any other publication forms were recorded or appeared in print and I or were published. Early Appearances of Andragogy 1833-1927 The term 'andragogy', as far as we know, was first authored by Alexander Kapp (1833), a German high school teacher. In the book entitled 'Platon's Erziehungslehre' (Plato'S Educational Ideas) he describes the lifelong necessity to learn. He begins the book with a discussion on childhood. However, from page 241 to 300 he turns attention to adulthood Andragogy or Education in the man's age [a replica of this may be seen at http://www.andragogy.netl. Kapp argues that education, self-reflection, and educating the character are the first values in human life. He then refers to vocational education of the healing profession, soldier, educator, orator, ruler, and men as the family father. Here we find patterns which repeatedly can be found in the ongoing history of andragogy: Included and combined are the education of inner, subjective personality (,character'); outer, objective competencies (what 1John A. Henschke, Ed.D. studied with Malcolm S. Knowles at Boston University (BU). He wrote his doctoral dissertation at BU on Malcolm's contribution to the theory and practice of adult education up through 1972. John recently retired after 39 years with University of Missouri Associate Professor ofAdult Education in the College of Education at the University ofMissouri-St. Louis; and, Continuing Education Specialist in the East Central Region of the University of Missouri Extension. He is now a Faculty Member of the Doctoral Program and Graduate Research, Lindenwood University, School ofEducation, St. Charles, MO 63301; E Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ; Phone: 636-949-4590 [Work]; Phone: 314-651-9897 [Cell]. Andragogy Website: http://www.umsl.edU/~henschke later is discussed under 'education vs. training'); and, that learning happens not only through teachers, but also through self-reflection and life experience, which makes it more than 'teaching adults'. The term andragogy lay fallow for many decades, perhaps because adult education was being conducted without a specific name to designate what it was. Nonetheless, in the 1920s Germany became a place for building theory and another German resurrected the term. Rosenstock-Huessy (1925) posed andragogy as the only method for the German people and Germany, despirited and degenerated in 1918 after World War I, to regenerate themselves and their country. He suggested that all adult education (andragogy), if it is to achieve anything original that shapes man, which arises from the depths of time, would have to proceed from the suffering which the lost war brought them. Historical thinking is a fundamental dimension of andragogy, in that past events are to be analyzed for what can be learned from them so that past failures might not be repeated. In this way the past becomes unified with the present and future history past becomes unified with present knowledge and action for moving us toward the future. In andragogy, theory becomes practical deed, in the responsible word, in the crucible ofnecessity; however, practical deeds become the stuff of theory. Andragogy is not merely 'better' as an education method for this purpose, it is a necessity. About the same time, Lindeman (1926a) from the USA traveled to Germany and became acquainted with the Workers Education Movement. He was the first to bring the concept to America. Although he clearly stated that andragogy was the method for teaching adults, the term did not take hold in the new land until many years later. Lindeman presented an interesting piece on the method for teaching adults. Basically he asserted (1926a) in his first use of the word andragogy, that the method for teaching adults is discussion, which he says is different from the teaching of children. Moreover, in his classic book The Meaning of Adult Education (1926b), he never uses the term andragogy, but does include a chapter entitled, 'In terms of method'. A thorough analysis of this chapter reveals that he extensively explores, describes and explains the discussion method. Consequently, it seems safe to assume that he laid the earliest groundwork in the USA for a major practical application of andragogy as the method for teaching adults. In addition, Anderson and Lindeman (1927) reiterated the concept as it was to the new land of America. The term was published only a few times in the first 100 years the term andragogy existed. The use certainly changed in the next eighty years, which brings us up to the writing of this chapter. Andragogy's Second American Appearance and its Foundation Being Established 1964-1970 Another extensive period of time elapsed until the term andragogy was used again in published literature. This time, it appeared in Great Britain. Simpson (1964) proposed that andragogy could serve as a title for an attempt to identify a body of knowledge relevant to the training of those concerned with Adult Education. He posited that the main strands could be parallel to what already existed in child education. The four main strands would be the study of: Principles ofadult education, the study of adults, educational psychology of adults, and generalized andragogical methods for teaching adults. He issued a call for adult education to do this. Knowles (1968a) presented his first published iteration of andragogy [a new label and a new approach] as being a major technological breakthrough in the field of adult education. For him this breakthrough was the conceptualization that adults learn differently from children. This breakthrough came as a result of a Yugoslavian adult educator introducing him to the term with Knowles attaching his own special philosophy and meaning. Knowles, (1968b) a short time after he published his first article on andragogy, was already applying andragogy in leadership training with the Girl Scouts. Although it was a new approach, it was enthusiastically embraced in that organization. Knowles (1969) was also applying andragogy in his adult education graduate courses at Boston University. He used the approach of group self-directed learning as the means for implementing andragogy. Thus, he helped groups of students take responsibility for learning as much as they were able concerning a part of the subject matter of the course. Next, the various groups engaged the remainder of the class to actively learning that section of the course content. This was the way all the contents of the course were studied by the students. Knowles (1970) indicated that he acquired the term in 1967 from Dusan Savicevic. [It was actually in 1966]. However, after becoming acquainted with the term, Knowles infused it with much of his own meaning garnered from his already extensive experience in adult education. He then combined his expanding practice around the world, his university teaching of budding adult educators, and quite broadly fleshed out his ideas on andragogy through the publication of The Modern Practice ofAdult Education: Andragogy vs. Pedagogy. He originally saw pedagogy as being for children and andragogy being for adults. This American version of andragogy became popularized as a result during the time following 1970. The main structure of his andragogical expression took the form of a process design instead ofa content design, with assumptions and processes. The assumptions about adult learners at that time were: They are self-directing, their experience is a learning resource, their learning needs are focused on their social roles, their time perspective is one of immediate application. The learning processes adults want to be actively and interactively involved in are: Establishing a climate conducive to learning, cooperative planning, diagnosing their needs, setting objectives, designing the sequence, conducting the activities, and evaluating learner progress. Movement Toward Applying Andragogy To Human Resource Development 1971-1973 Furter (1971), from France, proposed that universities recognize a science for the training ofman to be called andragogy. The purpose would be to focus, not on children and adolescents, but on man throughout his life. Ingalls (1972) provided the first handbook guide to using andragogy in helping adult educators [they called them 'trainers' in those days] become more systematic and consistent in their engaging learners in the learning process. This was developed and tested in a branch of the US Government. In the same year, Knowles (1972) declared that there was a growing interest of many industrial corporations in the andragogical education process, with managers functioning as teachers (or facilitators of learning), and that andragogy offers great potential for improving both interpersonal relationships and task effectiveness. Knowles (no date given) also suggested that andragogy applies to any form of adult learning and has been used extensively in the design oforganizational training programs, especially for 'soft skill' domains such as management development. An example he provided on this is for the design ofpersonal computer training. A series of doctoral dissertations over a number of years, focusing on the work of Malcolm S. Knowles, placed him squarely in the center of helping to expand and further develop the concept and philo


Twenty one new oats genotypes were grown during Rabi, 2012-2013 to assess the performance, variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and path analysis using twelve different yield and yield attributing traits viz., plant height(cm), number of productive tillers/plant, number of productive tillers/plant, panicle length(cm), panicle weight(g), number of grains/panicle, 1000grain weight(g), 1000groat weight(g), groat percentage, dry matter yield/plant(g), harvest index(%)and single plant yield/plant(g). For field evaluation Randomized complete Block Design with three replications was followed. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences could be observed among the entries for all the characters studied. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for number of basal tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, and number of grains per panicle. Broad sense heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 71 to 96.0 per cent. The highest heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., number of productive tillers/plant (86.0 per cent and 85.06), number of grains/ panicle (92 per cent and 64.87) and panicle length (96.0 per cent and 37.23). Single plant yield showed significant positive correlation with number of basal tillers per plant (0.68 and 0.77), number of productive tillers per plant (0.78 and 0.89), number of grains/panicle (0.62 and 0.54) and dry matter yield / plant (0.44 and 0.50). It was concluded that number of productive tiller per plant and number of grains per panicle are major yield contributing factors in selecting high yielding oats genotypes. The study showed that there exists a large genetic variation among oats genotypes for most of the traits which could be exploited for direct selection of high yielding genotypes. Finally expect that these novel germplasm of oats which is suitable to winter growing should be useful for plain condition.


But few remedies have proved as reliably efficacious as has Thromboplastin Squibb in cases of bleeding the site of which can be reached by the product; and in dental practice it often produces results little short of miraculous. Thromboplastin Squibb is a true physiologic hemos tatic prepared from cattle brain in accordance with the directions of Dr. Alfred F. Hess, connected with the Research Laboratory of the New York City Department of Health. It contains the lipoid substances of brain tissue described by Hirschfelder, in physiological solu tion of sodium chloride and preserved with 0.3 per cent, of tricresol. In his first clinical report Hess 1 stated that Thrombo plastin had been found serviceable for local use in hemorrhage, especially in bleeding associated with true


Objective: To compare successful vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) and repeat caesareansection (c/section), with respect to maternal and fetal outcome. Methodology: This comparative study was conducted at Women and Children Teaching Hospital, Bannufrom January to December 2010. Patients with previous one caesarean section who went into spontaneouslabour were included in the study. A detailed history and examination of each patient was recorded on asemi structured proforma. For the analysis, they were divided into two groups (VBAC and repeat c/section).The comparison in both the groups was made with respect to mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: Out of 62 patients included in the study, 21 (33.3%) deliveries were vaginal, either assisted orspontaneous, while remaining 41(66.1%) had an emergency repeat c/section. In the successful VBAC group,one patient each had Partial Scar Dehiscence, PPH, blood transfusion and puerperal pyrexia. In emergencyC/section group 24 patients had blood transfusion, 8 had puerperal pyrexia and 7 had PPH. In thesuccessful VBAC group, two neonates each had a low Apgar score and needed ICU admission while inemergency C/section group 6 neonates needed ICU admission and 5 had a low Apgar score. Conclusion: Maternal and fetal outcome is better in successful VBAC as compared to repeat emergencyc/section.


We define a concept of a QM-model. The true theorem in QM is a statement which is true in all QM-models. In some QM-models the Bell's theorem can be proved (e.g. in the standard model of QM) while in other QM-models the Bell's theorem cannot be proved (e.g. in the hybrid-epistemic model of QM). The same situation is true when other no-go theorems are considered. Thus no-go theorems are not true in QM and the proof of the non-locality of QM is invalid. Then the axiomatic definition of the hybrid-epistemic (HE) model of QM is presented in all details. At the end the recent proof of the inconsistency of the standard QM-model is discussed. Our main program is to start the axiomatic study of QM (in the sense of the Hilbert's sixth problem), to prove the invalidity of no-go theorems and to identify the right (acceptable) QM-model.


The fentanyl derivative carfentanil, an animal tranquilizer, is one of the most potent opioids known (100 times more potent than fentanyl) [1]. Carfentanil obtained public attention related to its use in a hostage rescue in Russia in 2002 [2]. Recreational use of potent fentanyl derivatives such as carfentanil poses a concern to public health. Seizures of carfentanil by law-enforcement agencies were reported in 2012 in Latvia and in 2013 in Lithuania and it was also linked to deaths among drug users [2].


Purpose – Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDDC) has good antiwear and friction‐reducing properties in lubricants, and can be protected against thermo‐oxidative degradation. However, MoDDC‐containing lubricants may lose their ability to reduce friction over time, which may result from its concentration in oils below a critical concentration owing to oxidative degradation of MoDDC. Thus, in order to enhance the durability of the low friction performance of MoDDC, the paper aims to investigate good synergistic antioxidants with MoDDC.Design/methodology/approach – The antioxidation properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (M 807) – and p,p‐dioctyldiphenylalmine (V 81) – or mixed octylated and butylated diphenylalmines (V 961)‐containing poly‐α‐olefin (PAO)‐derived lubricants were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modified penn state micro‐oxidation test (PMOT). DSC test measures incipient oxidation temperature (OT) and oxidation induction time (IT) of the lubricant at high temperatu...


As part of DOE's Clean Coal Technology program, a field evaluation of Gas Reburning-Sorbent Injection (GR-SI) technology is being carried out by EER Corporation. The project is co-funded by the Gas Research Institute and the State of Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. GR-SI technology is applicable to the control of emissions of acid rain precursor species, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur from coal fired utility boilers. Three units representative of pre-NSPS design practices, a 117 MW/sub e/ wall, a 71 MW/sub e/ tangentially, and a 33 MW/sub e/ cyclone fired boiler located in Illinois will be the host sites for this three-phase demonstration project. Phase I, Design and Permitting, is nearing completion. Results of Phase I and plans for subsequent work are discussed.


This paper introduces the determinating methods of Hexanoic Acetate in Chinese spirits by two quantitative analysis: Internal Standard Method and External Standard Method with Gas Chromatography,by which three samples are determinated.The values of RSD at the range of 0.43% ~ 0.86% are obtained for Internal Standard Method and of 0.46%~1.40% for External Standard Method.It illuminates that there is no remarkable difference in the experiment between two quantitative analysis methods by determinating Hexanoic Acetate in Chinese alcohol,and the External Standard Method can be widely used in determinating the Chinese alcohol.


The findings of this study confirm the relevance of the new WHO diagnostic criteria in allowing earlier diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia. To observe the effect of the new World Health Organization (WHO) criteria on the incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms, we performed a retrospective study of a population-based registry in the Côte d'Or area, France, from 1980 to 2007. A total of 524 myeloproliferative neoplasms were registered for the 1980–2007 period, including 135 polycythemia vera, 308 essential thrombocythemia and 81 idiopathic myelofibroses. No change in the incidence of either polycythemia vera or idiopathic myelofibrosis was observed for the 2005–2007 period, compared to 1980–2004. On the contrary, a pronounced increase in the incidence of essential thrombocythemia was noted after 2005, mainly due to the use of JAK2 mutation screening and a lower threshold of platelet count. Our study confirms the relevance of the new WHO diagnostic criteria in allowing earlier diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia.


LiDAR (light detection and ranging) 3D points (both terrestrial and airborne) have recently become a prevalent type of geospatial data. However, this large-scale data poses significant technical challenges for efficient access and visualization. One approach is to generate points with different density levels, i.e. Multi-resolution data sets that can be used for various purposes. This paper presents a simple static tree-based approach and discusses implementation alternatives in favour of speeding up tree building and point sampling processes. This approach is generic and can be applied to other geographic data types as well.


Teaching topics involving risk and safety, and earthquake, requires a full involvement. Otherwise, it can be useless. A full involvement means an experience rewarding the person in his/her integrity, starting from practice to go beyond it, understanding phaenomena not using science as a form of rational believe, working on the different ingenuous idea that everyone has of the earthquake, staying related to the social connections of the learning group. ConUnGioco developed, starting from these objectives, "Tutti giù per terra", an active course for discover, for the Italian INGV: the course, whose title is inspired to the last line ("All fall down", in italian, "Tutti giù per terra") of the child singing game "Ring a ring'o roses" (in Italian: girotondo), is based on an interactive and participative approach. Following the active course, partecipants can experiment feeling and emotions related to the experience of an earthquake (through simulation tools). Therefore, starting from the questions that the simulated experience raised in everyone, the group will search its own answers, investigating theorical knowledges with scientific experiments and games, staying in touch with explanations coming from legends, history and religion. The course will end in the area of concrete actions and possible reactions to an earthquake, talking about preventions and solutions, individually and as a community.


This article introduces various processes of gas desulfurization at home and abroad and contrasts different production processes with this gas desulfurization process.


Their Finest Hour The Battle Of Britain Remembered.PDF Are you searching for Their Finest Hour The Battle Of Britain Remembered Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time Their Finest Hour The Battle Of Britain Remembered PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find Their Finest Hour The Battle Of Britain Remembered PDF or just found any kind of books for your readings everyday.


Slow access speed is still the problem to limit applications of rewritable optical disk drives. Dual stage actuators with a coarse and a fine actuator are used in optical disk drives. In this paper, the two-actuator cooperative seek control method, based on time optimal seek control, is presented, and the average seek time is analyzed theoretically.


Comparative market prices for four freshwater and four marine fish species in the raw and processed forms were determined in a survey within Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria. Costs of processed fish were calculated relative to the sale prices of their raw equivalents, taking moisture differences and cost of processing into consideration. All the species would have to be sold in the processed form for much higher prices than was found during the survey if sales were to be by weight. Processed catfish, sardine, mudfish and mackerel appear to be sold at a loss while three species (tilapia, sole and bongafish) are sold at very marginal profit. Only tigerfish is sold at reasonable profit. It is suggested that anyone going into fish smoking as a modern business venture should be prepared to face unfair competition in pricing from the small operators who appear to be underpricing their products and who currently dominate almost the entire fish market in Nigeria.


Rats were immunized systemically with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and given either FK‐506 (I mg/ kg) or drug vehicle by i.m. injection for 7 days. In animals receiving FK‐506, there was suppression (87%) of the splenic plaque‐forming cell response on day 4 and marked reductions in the serum antibody litre throughout the 3‐week period following immunization. Sequential flow cytometric analyses of blood lymphocytes revealed statistically significant attenuation, by FK‐506. of the increase in relative numbers of OX‐12+ (B) cells between days 4 and 7. Following drug withdrawal, OX‐12 values remained elevated, whereas in control animals a decline was observed. These changes were reflected in concomitant increases in the relative numbers of OX‐19+ (CD3+), W3/25+ (CD4+) and OX‐8+ (CD8+) T cells; however, due to an overall reduction in lymphocytes by day 7, absolute values were not significantly affected compared with controls. The pattern of changes in OX‐6+ (MHC class II+) cells in blood was similar to that observed for B cells. FK‐506 also suppressed increases in the small proportion of blood‐borne OX‐40+ (activated CD4+) cells and OX‐39+ (interleukin‐2 receptor+) cells in the 7 day period following immunization; thereafter values for activation marker expression between treatment and control groups were similar. In the spleen, there were fewer significant differences between FK‐506 and control groups in the incidences of cells expressing the above markers. OX‐8+ cells, however, were significantly higher in drug‐treated animals on day 7. and there were also reductions in the small proportions of OX‐39+ and OX‐40+ cells when compared with controls. In the thymus, reversible medullary atrophy induced by FK‐506 was accompanied on day 7 by increases in the incidence of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and by a concomitant reduction in OX‐44+ mature, medullary thymocytes. Two weeks after drug withdrawal, the phenotypic marker expression profile had been restored to normal in blood, spleen and thymus. These data provide new information on the apparent capacity of FK‐506 to interfere with T cell maturation and its influence on lymphocyte activation in vivo.


The experiences of parents with adult offspring with learning disability and the meanings their parental careers have for them, has been the subject of very little empirical research. In this paper we describe and examine some of the features that gave shape and meaning to the day to day lives of parents of 33 co-resident adults with learning disabilities. Their accounts of their situations revealed that 'time' was a factor of some importance. Participants suggested that socialisation into the parental role was one that continued over the life course. In addition, they also felt that the services they received were based upon an inadequate and too narrow an understanding of how they experienced 'time'. The data reveal that both 'over time' and 'in time', parents struggled to maintain a set of aspirations for a typical life. The data show that for many parents there was a slow accommodation to the constraints of service provision and, as a result, their needs for service support became less extensive.


visory exercises, charts, and forms. One subject of crucial importance, which is addressed in all three books, is specific, practicefocused, frequent supervisory feedback to workers. Another repeated theme is the need for supervisory materials beyond case recording. The different authors suggest, for example, more frequent observation of supervisee work, either directly or by audiovisual materials or tapes, although they recognize some of the internal and external difficulties that would arise. To whom will these books appeal? In reverse order, Supervision: A Decision-Making Approach would be particularly attractive for supervisors in child welfare and other settings with large numbers of B.S.W. workers. It would also be useful for training supervisors for these settings. An Introduction to Clinical Social Work Supervision should appeal to field instructors and to practitioners making the transition to clinical supervision and would also help experienced clinical supervisors review and rethink their own supervisory style and approach. Sections of the book could be used to train field instructors and supervisors. Competent Supervision is likely to appeal to experienced supervisors and administrators who want to expand their professional horizons. Sections of the book could be used in advanced training of such professionals. Middleman and Rhodes suggest "that the study and practice of the supervisory role matters to all practitioners and should be addressed by all students as a requirement of their professional education."


Agents' decisions to exert effort depend on the incentives and the potential costs involved. So far, most of the attention has been on the incentive side. However, our laboratory experiments underline that both the incentive and the cost side can be used separately to shape work performance. In our experiment, subjects work on a real-effort slider task. Between treatments, we vary the incentive scheme used for compensating workers. Additionally, by varying the available outside options, we explore the role of implicit costs of effort in determining workers' performance. We observe that incentive contracts and implicit costs interact in a nontrivial manner. In general, performance decreases as implicit costs increase. Yet the magnitude of the reaction differs across incentive schemes and across the offered outside options, which, in turn, alters estimated output elasticities. In addition, comparisons between incentive schemes crucially depend on the implicit costs. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.


Abstract:This article analyzes self-immolation as a practice that activates the potential for resistance which is always present within the body. Examining the 2009–2012 self-immolations in Tibet, I argue that the political work of self-immolation takes place through spectacular pain, material degradation, and the interaction between the body of the self-immolator, public space, and multiple audiences. This work does not end with death: by demanding contestation and/or commemoration, these burnt corpses have political lives which exceed those of the self-immolators. Ultimately, I argue that self-immolation is not only a destructive act but can be a productive and future-oriented mode of politics.


This paper is about the impacts of globalizations on changes in higher education with the aim to study the evolution of higher education planning in Iran. This subject is important since the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran is introducing a policy in the 2000 with intention of improving and upgrading Iranian universities toward independent and decentralised educational planning. Therefore, two issues are considered here: globalization effects on universities educational planning and backgrounds of educational planning in Iran's universities. By reviewing these two issues, it is concluded that there is limited opportunities for Iran's universities educational planning to cope quickly with the global changes and utilise its benefits. Results show that based on the issues mentioned here it would be necessary that the Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology authorities and university administrators revise the university educational planning process.


The objective of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic / microwave synergistic extraction technology of pine pollen yellow pigment and to investigate the stability of the extracted pigment. Northeast wild pine pollen was taken as the raw material,the ultrasonic / microwave synergistic extraction parameters were optimized. In addition,the effects of temperature,p H value,light,food additives and 6 metal ions on the stability of yellow pigment were compared. The results showed that the optimal conditions of ultrasonic / microwave synergistic extraction were: microwave power of 351. 4W,liquid to solid ratio of 25. 4 m L / g,extraction time of 11. 9 min. The pine pollen yellow pigment was more stable under acidic conditions,its color was enhanced under alkaline environment. It had good tolerance to light and heating,and K+,Mg2 +,Ca2 +and Al3 +ions had small effects on it,but Cu2 +and Fe3 +had certain influences on it. Little effects of salt,glucose,sucrose,sodium benzoate were detected,the color of pigment was enhanced by sodium carbonate and sodium benzoate,while vitamin C and citric acid had slightly hypochromic effect. This study provided a reference for the extraction and processing of pine pollen yellow pigment. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the development of pine pollen yellow pigment products for its industrial application.


To make a closed-circuit granulation system by a single horizontal rotating conical vessel having the functions of granulation and classification small in scale and simple in operation, a new equipment item, the rotary lifter, was developed in the present work for refeeding small ungranulated particles, which were discharged from the narrow end of the vessel. Large spherical granules as final product were discharged from the wide end of the vessel.Under various circulating load ratios, closed-circuit granulation of calcium carbonate powder with water was carried out by such a horizontal rotating conical granulator with a rotary lifter. It was experimentally confirmed that more spherical and more uniform size products were obtained in the closed-circuit granulation than the total products in open-circuit granulation by the granulator.


—In this paper , by constructing a special set and utilizing fixed point theory in coin , we study the existence of solution of singular two points boundary value problem for second-order differential equation , which improved and generalize the result of related paper .


The inscribed balustrades presented above establish Ek Balam among the less than a handful of sites in the Northeastern Yucatan with a sizeable epigraphic record. In a rather unique manner, epigraphic data complements the archaeological and the ethnohistorical information on Ek Balam. The Emblem Glyph evidences that Ek Balam vizTal adhered to the concept of divine rulership and confirms a polity which retained the tradition of the Late Classic Southern Lowlands. The apogee of Ek Balam concurred with the rise of Chichen Itza. The latter did not eclipse Ek Balam despite of its predominant standing but integrated Ek Balam's ruling elite into it's collective government. The inscription from the Temple of the Hieroglyphic Jambs may indicate that a noble from Ek Balam even had its residence at Chichen Itza.


The antineoplastic effect of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract has been evaluated in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in Balb‐C mice. Intra‐peritoneal administration of the alcohol extract of the seed both before and after inoculation of EAC cell in mice produced more than 70% inhibition of tumour cell growth with respect to the control. Treatment with the extract was found to enhance both the peritoneal exudate cell and macrophage cell counts. The extract also produced a significant antiinflammatory effect. We report here the antiinflammatory and antineoplastic effects, of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model discloses a microwave equipment that is used for thermometric component of microwave equipment and has it. Thermometric component includes: the wire, first casing, first casing have the first chamber that holds, and the first intracavity that holds is equipped with the temperature sensibility, and the first end of wire stretches into and holds the intracavity and link to each other with the temperature sensibility to first, second casing, second casing have the second and hold the chamber, and the wire is suitable for to be connected with second casing electricity, and being used for the shielding layer of shielding interference signal, the parcel of going up partly at least that lies in between first casing and the second casing of wire has the shielding layer. According to the utility model discloses a stability and accuracy that is used for the thermometric component of microwave equipment, sets up the shielding layer through on partly at least between first casing of being located of wire and second casing, can shield the interfering signal that the microwave field produced to the wire from this, improves the signal transmission of wire to the temperature that can make the temperature sensibility detect is close true temperature more, and then has improved the thermometric component anti -electromagnetic interference ability.


Many HMD applications are improved when people perceive and act similarly in the virtual world as they would in an equivalent real environment. However, multiple studies show people underestimate egocentric distances in HMDs while being reasonably accurate in the real world. Some studies also show that brightness in the periphery may be one factor influencing these distance judgments. We built upon this previous work and examine if the brightness of the entire screen affects distance judgments. Using direct blind-walking, we compared a bright environment to an artificially darkened one with a between-subject experiment. The results of the experiment indicate that overall brightness has no significant effect on egocentric distance judgment. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of previous work. Our findings may help designers of HMD software featuring dark environments (e.g., some entertainment applications).


The surface of aramid (Kevlar 49) fibre was modified by NH3, 02 or 1-120 plasmas in order to improve the adhesion to epoxy resin. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) were used to identify the chemical compositions and functional groups of the plasma-treated fibre surface, respectively. The surface topography and mechanical properties of plasmatreated fibres were also investigated. After plasma treatments, the interracial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid-fibre/epoxy-resin composites, as measured by the microbond pull-out technique, was markedly improved (43-83% improvement) and the fibre strength was only little affected (less than 10% loss). Significant improvement in the IFSS principally resulted from forming the covalent bonds between the newly reactive functionalities at the modified fibre surfaces and the epoxides of the resin.


The entry of digitalization into the business world (e-commerce) in the past decade has become a serious challenge for retail store owners (offline stores) in Indonesia. Because, e-commerce provides efficient time and convenience in choosing the goods needed, which in turn makes people start leaving retail stores in fulfilling their life needs. However, not a few consumers are dissatisfied with e-commerce services between the expected products and those received. This study aims to determine the effect of visual merchandising and store layout on the performance of Matahari Department Store. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with the t test. The results showed that store layout had a significant positive effect on company performance and visual merchandising had a significant positive effect on company performance.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract To report the rationale, design, and baseline demographic characteristics of TuYou-County Pediatric Eye study, which mainly aimed to determine the retinal microvascular changes with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and its association with eye abnormalities in school aged children and adolescents at suburban location in Northern China. TuYou-County Pediatric Eye study was a school-based survey conducted in TuYou-County. Multi-ethnic (Mongol, Han, and Hui) participants will be followed up for 5 years. Standardized ophthalmological examinations include visual acuity, ocular biometry, retinal photography, and OCTA. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect variables regarding to eye disease such as parental history of eye diseases, near work, outdoor activities, living and eating habits, etc. After sampling, 687 participants were eligible for investigation, and 20 students did not attend the investigation, living 667 (response rate, 97.1%) students completed questionnaires and all ocular examinations. The average age of all participants was 14.9 ± 5.11. TYPE study is the first large-scale school-based multi-ethnic survey in suburban site of Northern China. Continuous identification of retinal microvascular changes with eye diseases will provide new insights into the control related diseases in school-age children and adolescents.


This paper explores the art of the use of rhetorical devices and linguistic spin in Barack Obama's popular speech, 'The Great Need of the Hour' (2008). While Obama's linguistic spin has been investigated through transitivity systems given by Halliday, the use of his rhetorical devices has been approached through Aristotle's three-stage model of Ethos, Pathos, Logos. The analysis and interpretation explores the means through which he became successful in persuading the masses assemble around him. These rhetorical and linguistic features have been used as tools for analysis as these are connected to the ideational function, fairly appropriate for the analysis and interpretation of political language. In this speech, Obama stressed the need of brotherhood, personal responsibility, and social justice among the African-American community in the United States of America. Olive (2008) declaring this a remarkable address at Martin Luther King's Ebenezer Baptist Church opines that Obama wonders if the African community in America sticks honestly to the message of humanity that Dr King preached. This paper shows that Obama uses the elements of Ethos and Pathos in his speech quite recurrently and employs material processes of action and event as well as mental process of affection to physically congregate the people around him. It seems that he is much fascinated in using circumstance of location, both spatial and temporal, and circumstance of reason to make his words more objective and dependable.


Abstract We analyze the factors affecting farmers' choice accounting for farm, farmer, and household characteristics as well as elicited risk perception and risk preferences. We consider three alternative hypothetical methods for assessing risk preferences to test the stability and behavioral validity of them. Our case study focuses on livestock farmers in the German region North Rhine-Westphalia. We find that risk preferences are context depending, i.e. differ across different fields of farm-level decision-making. Furthermore, our analysis shows that risk-averse farmers are more likely to prioritize on-farm risk management strategies over off-farm strategies. Moreover, higher risk perception, age, subjective numeracy, farm succession, farm size, and the proportion of rented land show a significant impact on farmers' risk behavior


There is a considerable natural Curiosity in the Neighbourhood of Smyrna, call'd by the Franks Soap-Earth, and has no other proper distinguishing Name among the Turks or Greeks.


Since September 2014 I am engaged in a multimedia research project focused on the life and works of Furio Jesi; in this article I will discuss the genesis of my research and methodological consequences arising from my choice of doing research outside of academic institutions. Assuming that the oral history in the Digital Age should not be deprived of the use of video as an investigative historiography tool, I will then try to explain how the work of the documentarian is often intertwined with that of the historian. Hence I will describe how Public History is inevitably linked to a form of private funding different from traditional Academics. In this sense I will describe my research project in the light of the radical changes that have occurred in recent decades in the Italian University system and I will try to draw an approach to research that can be carried out outside of the Academy.


The aim of this article is to show that there is an alternative way to reconstruct the Muslim conquest of Roman Levant, which is actually militarily more plausible than the current consensus view among historians.