CONTEXT
Obesity is known to impact reproductive function in adults, but little is known about its effects on reproductive hormones during puberty or sex differences in these effects.

OBJECTIVE
To assess sex differences in effects of obesity on reproductive hormones and their relationship to insulin sensitivity and secretion.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study including anthropometrics, serum and urine reproductive hormone concentrations, and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) to assess acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and insulin sensitivity (Si).

SETTING
Outpatient academic clinical research center.

PATIENTS
Girls (52%) and boys (48%) who were normal weight (NW, n=51, BMI-Z=-0.11 ± 0.77, age=11.5 ± 1.7 years) and obese (n=53, BMI-Z=2.22 ± 0.33, age=10.9 ± 1.5 years), Tanner stage 2-3.

RESULTS
Boys with obesity had lower total testosterone (p<0.0001) and higher concentrations of the urinary estradiol metabolite, E1c, (p=0.046) than boys with NW. Girls with obesity had higher free androgen index (FAI, p=0.03) than NW girls. Both boys and girls with obesity had lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG, p<0.0001) than NW. AIRg was inversely related to SHBG in boys (R2= 0.36, p<0.0001) and girls (R2=0.29, p=0.0001). Insulin resistance correlated with lower SHBG in boys (R2=0.45, p<0.0001) and girls (R2=0.24, p=0.0003), lower total testosterone for boys (R2=0.15, p=0.01), and higher FAI for girls (R2=0.08, p=0.04).

CONCLUSION
Youth with obesity have lower SHBG than youth with NW, but obesity has differential effects on reproductive hormones in girls vs. boys, which are apparent early in puberty. Ongoing longitudinal studies will evaluate the impact of obesity on reproductive hormones in girls and boys as puberty progresses.


This law was passed by the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to protect the natural environment from some of the negative effects of economic growth.


The field experiment was conducted in Khairf 2022 at the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). A sandy loam texture, a pH of 7.1 that was directly neutral, a low quantity of organic carbon (0.36%), and poor availability of the nutrients n, p, and k (171.48 kg ha-1, 15.2 kg ha-1, and 232.5 kg ha-1 respectively) were every feature of the soil in the experimental plot. Over the course of a one-year trial, nine treatments including a control were evaluated. Each was reproduced three times. The findings proved that application of NPK 120:60:60 Kgha-1 + 25 × 10 cm was recorded significantly higher plant height (105.00 cm), Number of tillers/plant (18.90), Plant dry weight (38.99 g/plant), Panicles/hills (14.00), grains/Panicle (195.00), Test weight (18.32g), Panicle length (30.11), Grain yield (5.96 t ha-1), Straw yield (11.12 t ha-1), Harvest index (44.67%).


A compounding leader takes issue with FDA's position that compounding is the production of a new drug that needs to be approved.


In response to the poor real-time ability of traditional Ostu in segmenting of pat sperm images,it proposes a new method to segment such images based on improved Ostu,which reduces the execution time by Newton iteration,removes impurities according to the shape factor,and applies morphology to mark each sperm with digital tags.Experimental results show this method can achieve fast and accurate segmenting of sperm images,and automatically count the number of sperms in the images.


Using breakpoint theory (Land & Jarman, 1992), this article proposes that we take a broad cultural view of Berne's contributions, that we challenge ourselves to accept our heritage of innovation, and that we avoid dogma as we develop theories and explore practices that will help us navigate our unknown future. Examples drawn from the field of parent education are offered, and the identification of two additional stages of development is proposed.


The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff), the energy of activation (Ea) and total energy input (Q) are appropriate parameters for modeling and energy efficiency estimation of the thin layer dehydration process of chokeberry under the different air temperature (50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 °C). Increasing the dehydration temperature will statistically significantly increased the Deff from 2.93×10-6 m2 s-1 (50 °C) to 7.77×10-6 m2 s-1 (70 °C), and decreased the Ei ,• from 2594.77 kJ to 2474.35 kJ, respectively. As the drying temperature was increased and consecutive drying time has been reduced (from 37 hours to 23 hours), energy input statistically significantly decreased. Mathematical models showed a good correlation between calculated and experimental values and allowed good prediction of dehydration parameters, enhancing energy efficiency. The Ea for the experimental model of thin layer chokeberry dehydration was 45.37 kJ mol-1.


Fig. 2. The difference (I) between tidal volume measured by pneumotachograph (VT,) and tidal volume estimated by probe device (VT,) against the average (I) of these two values. A horizontal line is drawn at zero difference for reference. Lines for the mean and 2SD range (95%) of the difference are shown. The trend of points is down to the right, except for the outlier, indicating that bias may increase with tidal volume.


Hydro—joining of assembled hollow camshaft is a new technology applicable for manufacturing hollow cam sha t of autom obile engine with diferent m aterals.The keys of the technolog is reasonable m ater a s m atch a d proper hydro-joining pressure.Based on elastic—plastic theory,the efect of Young modulus a d fow stress on the hydro-joining was a ayzed in order to prvide teoretica basis fr structure design and mate— ras match of assembled hollow camshat.Assuming the deformation of joined pairs a a pla e strain mo el, the process of hydro-joining was anayzed with the stess—stan curves,consequenty te joining conditions of difernt materas were presented.It is concluded that:te core factors in hydr-joining ale Youngg mo ulus and fow stess ofjoined pairs because of teir cr cia efects on elatic rcover of the joined pairs;a necessa— r condition fr hydr -joining is that t e ratio of Youngg mo ulus of inner one to the outer one should be higher tha t e ratio of fow stress betw een them .


This study examines the effectiveness of systematic desensitization in the treatment of needle phobias. Twenty-five subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ranging in age from 7 to 20 years were treated for 38 separate fear responses. Both imaginal and in vivo desensitization procedures were used, depending on the fear response (finger lancing, blood draws, or self-injections). Observation of these procedures and self-reports of anxiety (SUDS) were collected pre- ad post-treatment. Of the 38 responses treated, 35 (92%) responded very favorable to systematic desensitization in an average of less than 4 sessions per fear response. Desensitization is judged to be a highly cost effective approach to this problem area and may lead to increased compliance to complex medical regimens involving needles.


Conventional approaches on using hydroxylamine derivatives as single nitrogen sources, for the construction of n-membered (n>3) N-heterocycles, rely upon two chemical operations by involving sequential nucleophilic and electrophilic C-N bond formations. Here, we report a highly efficient cascade of alkyne insertion/C-H activation/amination for the rapid preparation of a myriad of tricyclic indoles, in a single-step transformation, by using bifunctional secondary hydroxylamines. Noteworthy, judicious selection of applicable amino agents, for enabling the prior oxidative addition of aryl iodide to initial Pd(0)-species and subsequent two C-N bonds formation, was the key to the success of this reaction. Control experiments indicated that five-membered palladacyclic intermediate played a crucial role in promoting the final aminative ring closure.


It seems to be in the general agreement that an osteoclast is formed by the fusion of precursors from haemopoietic stem cells. It was reported that a culture system of isolated bone marrow cells, probably bone marrow macrophages, allowed the formation of cells having several characters of osteoclasts during several weeksi,2). There was the other report suggesting that macrophages were direct precursors of osteoclasts3). Although authors have also let to the multinucleated giant cells generate from bone marrow cells of rats, the morphology of these cells was somewhat different from that of the osteoclasts isolated from the same animals. We studied here the culture condition and the processes of the formation of multinucleated giant cells. These giant cells were compared with isolated osteoclasts in their morphologies and osteoclastic characters.


A validated stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of Captopril (CP), Indapamide (ID), and their related compounds in tablets using a 250 × 4.6 mm Xterra RP8 column, 5 µm particle size with UV detection at 210 nm. Isocratic elution was employed using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 26 mM pentane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt in 30 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.8, adjusted by phosphoric acid):methanol:acetonitril (6:2:2) v/v/v. The described method was linear over the range of 0.25–150 µg/mL with (r = 0.9999) for CP and 0.2–100 µg/mL with (r = 0.9999) for ID. The stability of CP and ID was studied under accelerated acidic, alkaline, and oxidative conditions. The proposed method was used to investigate the kinetics of acidic and alkaline degradation process of CP and ID at different temperatures and the apparent pseudo first-order rate constant, half-life, and activation energy were calculated. The pH rate profiles of degradation of CP and ID in Britton-Robinson buffer solutions within the pH range 1.8–12.0 were studied. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. The forced degradation studies prove the stability indicating power of the developed method.


Thermal energy storage by latent heat allows storing high amounts of energy working in narrow margins of temperature. The use of phase change material (PCM) for the latent heat storage has been studied in different applications and it has been commercialized in containers to transport blood, products sensible to temperature, to decrease their energy demand. The use of PCM in cooling and refrigeration has been attracting a lot of interest lately, but for all applications, the properties of these materials need to be known with sufficient accuracy. Regarding heat storage, it is necessary to know the enthalpy as a function of temperature. The most widely used calorimeter is the heat‐flux differential scanning calorimetry (hf‐DSC). The objective of this study is to investigate different methods for hf‐DSC analysis, namely the dynamic method and the step method, and to test their accuracy in the determination of enthalpy–temperature relationship of PCM. For the dynamic method, a strong influence of heating/cooling rate was observed. For the step method, the resulting enthalpy–temperature relationship is independent of heating/cooling rate. Commercial PCM RT27 was chosen as sample material to avoid subcooling and kinetic effects in the test measurements. The approach introduced in this study can be used to carry out similar investigations for other classes of PCM and/or other DSC instruments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract The rotational K-structure (K = 0, ... 6) of the a-type transition (J = 65 - 64) of the symmetric top molecule methylcyanide, CH3CN, has been recorded at 1.2 THz employing a newly designed quasi-optical frequency multiplier. A planar Schottky diode is used as non-linear element for producing the harmonic power and is mounted in the focus of an off-axis antenna across a short single ridged waveguide. The 2nd harmonic of the fundamental frequency is filtered with adichroic plate and is focused onto the InSb bolometer after passing an absorption cell. The multiplier is driven by a high power backward wave oscillator with a fundamental frequency near 600 GHz.


Numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations render cancer cells selectively dependent on specific genes and regulatory pathways, and represent potential vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Here we describe an RNA interference (RNAi)–based synthetic interaction screen to identify genes preferentially required for proliferation of p53- deficient (p53 2 ) human cancer cells. We find that compared to p53-competent (p53 + ) human cancer cell lines, diverse p53 2 human cancer cell lines are preferentially sensitive to loss of the transcription factor ETV1 and the DNA damage kinase ATR. In p53 2 cells, RNAi–mediated knockdown of ETV1 or ATR results in decreased expression of the telomerase catalytic subunit TERT leading to growth arrest, which can be reversed by ectopic TERT expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that ETV1 binds to a region downstream of the TERT transcriptional start-site in p53 2 but not p53 + cells. We find that the role of ATR is to phosphorylate and thereby stabilize ETV1. Our collective results identify a regulatory pathway involving ETV1, ATR, and TERT that is preferentially important for proliferation of diverse p53 2 cancer cells. Screen Identifies Factors Required for TERT


The policy document of the Federal Government for an integrated energy and climate program represents the basis for the Regulation Concerning Assurance of Air Quality Standards (37. BlmSchV) which comprises the revision of emission limits with consequences for gas turbines. After commencement of this regulation gas turbine plants of firing heat capacity > 100 MW with gases from public gas supply will be faced with tightened limits for nitrogen oxide emissions. Because gas turbine technology has a relevant share in ecologically compatible and reliable energy supply, the authors show the necessary link of gas turbine efficiency to nitrogen oxide emission limits on the basis of thermodynamical considerations. Thus, a conflict of objective between climate protection and air pollution prevention and a discrimination of high efficient gas turbines can be avoided. The "eta algorithm" is a proper approach which doesn't privilege these plants at all. By its linear increase of the NO x emission limit with the ratio of net efficiency to reference efficiency this definition comprises the requirement of combustion technology advancement. It meets the thermodynamical principles much better than a limit definition which is only based on the exhaust gas flow rate for ISO reference conditions. That the "eta algorithm", which is already implemented in the existing document "13. BlmSchV", will also be adopted in the "37. BlmSchV" can be considered as an achievement although this approach should be applied for combined-cycle plants as well.


A growing body of research has investigated the comments by students on websites that offer evaluations of college faculty. This corpus includes both quantitative and qualitative studies that each use a different scheme for classifying/analysing student comments, which makes the comparison of findings across studies impossible. The present study used a grounded theory method to develop a model for classifying the content of student comments on faculty rating sites that can be applied across studies. The multi‐dimensional nature of the model allows for the representation of the interconnected nature of the topics addressed by students in their comments and allows for comments to be categorised with varying degrees of specificity. Future research is needed to test the validity of the model for addressing various research questions.


e15152Background: Standard adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is fluoropyrimidine or FOLFOX. The stage IIIC relapse rate is high with a median 5 year survival of only 28%. The multi-kinas...


The value of barrier islands for protecting the mainland shoreline from locally-generated wave attack is evaluated through the use of the shallow water wave prediction model HISWA. Critical to this work is HISWA's ability to simultaneously generate and dissipate waves through wind stress and wave breaking processes, respectively. A series of tests with an idealized barrier/bay configuration is used to define the conditions in which the removal of a barrier island, as through erosion, will result in a significantly increased wave height at the mainland shoreline. Due to the depth-limited nature of waves in shallow bays, the results are a complex function of the wind speed, bay width, and bay depth. In general, barriers fronting wide, shallow bays have little potential to protect the mainland shoreline from wind-wave attack, while those associated with narrow, deep bays have a large potential. For intermediate conditions, the results may depend on a wide range of complicating factors which are discussed, though not quantitatively accounted for in the current treatment.


UMass participated in three TREC tasks in 2018: the TREC CAR, TREC Core tasks and TREC News (Background Linking). In this paper we detail the contents of our submissions and our lessons learned from this year's participation.


In this paper, we first present a variation of the 2-dimensional run-encoding, called the run-length Morton code encoding scheme, for compressing binary images, then we present efficient algorithms for manipulating set operations and performing conversions between the proposed encoding scheme and some well-known spatial data structures. The time complexities of set operations are linearly proportional to the size (number) of the run-length Morton codes and the time complexities of conversions are linearly proportional to the number of the nodes in the corresponding quadtree/bintree with respect to the run-length Morton codes.


Gender assignment has been studied in many languages and the assignment system is considered important particularly when it is related to determining the structure of the lexicon. Semitic languages show two genders, namely masculine and feminine. Nevertheless, it has been claimed that some nouns in Semitic languages can have common gender. Some linguists suggest number of criteria based on the classifications for number and gender in Semitic languages: masculine/feminine, animate/inanimate, human/non-human, individual/collective, concrete/abstract, singular/plural, and major/minor. Arabic, like other Semitic languages, determines gender of its nouns either through meaning or through form. So, grammatical gender is a way of analyzing nouns classes with relation to semantic features, like masculine, feminine, animacy, etc. It is a property of individual nouns regardless of their existing referents (if there are). There have been efforts by many researchers, trying to explain the processing of gender in comprehension. This paper discusses how gender is assigned to nouns in Saudi dialects where a supervised machine learning algorithm is used to test the predictiveness of gender in Arabic. The data show interestingly that the presence of some semantic and morphological features helps to predict the gender of nouns. It is not fully predictable but it is the start point for further investigations.


The problem of interworking between ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switching) has not been settled yet.The final solution has not been concluded internationally.This paper studies the interworking problem of ATM and MPLS.We discuss the interworking problem of two ATM networks interconnected with a MPLS network on the foundation of the model brought forward by the ATM Forum.The research results show that the interworking between ATM and MPLS can support the existing services,and realize and upgrade the smooth transition of the network.


Background Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is a well-established group psychosocial intervention for people with dementia. There is evidence that home-based programmes of cognitive stimulation delivered by family caregivers may benefit both the person and the caregiver. How-ever, no previous studies have evaluated caregiver-delivered CST. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based, caregiver-led


Background. The use of music therapy with children in health settings has been documented, but its effectiveness has not yet been well established. This pilot study is a preliminary exploration of the effectiveness of interactive music therapy in reducing anxiety and increasing the comfort of hospitalized children with cancer.


Enolisation of acetoacetanilide (AAAH) acetoacet ortho-toluidide (AATH), 2, 4-acetoacetxylidide (AAXH), acetoacet-ortho-chloroanilide (CAAAH), acetoacetortho-anisidide (OAAAH), benzoyl-acetanilide (BAAH) and benzoyl-meta-nitro-acetanilide (NBAAH) have been studied in different solvents of varying polarities, ranging from chloroform (z=63.2) to methanol (Z=83.6) by ultraviolet spectroscopic methods. The low percentages of enol contents in formamide, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, may be due to the formation of charge transfer complexes of these solvents with the diketones. Free energy of tautomerisation has also been calculated. The substituents on the phenyl group attached to the nitrogen have no effect on enolisation.


A packaging product for cigarettes is provided with: a packaging body; an internal packaging paper, which is to be housed in the packaging body and contains, on at least the inner surface side thereof, an adsorbent material; and cigarettes, each of which contains a volatile flavoring agent, and which are to be housed in the internal packaging paper.


Non-ferrous lithographic printing plates, and espe cially those in which the hydrophobic image areas are constituted by photosensitive polymers, are desen sitized by application to the metal surface of the developed plate of an aqueous desensitizing solution comprising a phosphate glass such as sodium hex ametaphosphate, preferably in admixture with a fluoride salt, such as sodium fluoride. The aqueous composition is maintained at a pH in the range of pH 5-7 by a water-soluble phosphorus acid, such as phosphoric acid. The treatment can be performed at room temperature and permits the hydrophylic areas of the printing plate to be maintained upon storage without special protection. The treatment can also be used as a fountain solution in a press fountain.


The combination of these factors has enabled rationalization of the methods and procedures, from the traditional step-down approaches — also known as "dive-and-drive approaches" — to the constant descent angle/stabilized approach method. This rationalization has significantly improved the safety level of these approaches; indeed, the latest procedures — when applicable — have suppressed the main causes of unstabilized approaches and, thus, minimized the risk of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) during final approach. This evolution and rationalization have been achieved schematically in three steps since 1970:


Dendritic spines are small, actin‐rich protrusions on dendrites, the development of which is fundamental for the formation of neural circuits. The actin cytoskeleton is central to dendritic spine morphogenesis. Drebrin is an actin‐binding protein that is thought to initiate spine formation through a unique drebrin‐actin complex at postsynaptic sites. However drebrin overexpression in neurons does not increase the final density of dendritic spines. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel drebrin‐binding protein, spikar. Spikar is localized in cell nuclei and dendritic spines, and accumulation of spikar in dendritic spines directly correlates with spine density. A reporter gene assay demonstrated that spikar acts as a transcriptional co‐activator for nuclear receptors. We found that dendritic spine, but not nuclear, localization of spikar requires drebrin. RNA‐interference knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that extranuclear spikar regulates dendritic spine density by modulating de novo spine formation and retraction of existing spines. Unlike drebrin, spikar does not affect either the morphology or function of dendritic spines. These findings indicate that drebrin‐mediated postsynaptic accumulation of spikar regulates spine density, but is not involved in regulation of spine morphology.


The object of the article is the balancing the gas system operation and natural gas supplies for winter period 1996/1997 utilizing knowledge from the evaluation of previous winter period 1995/1996. In relation to his topic the author informs on contracts signed on import of necessary natural gas volume.


The working principle and control strategy of the reactive voltage optimization and centralized control system which makes use of the SCADA function of dispatching automation to realize optimization and centralized automatic control for Qingdao area are presented.An application example was used to analyze some important functions of the system.By using the system,the node voltage pass rate of Qingdao Power Grid is greatly improved,while the gird loss is reduced.


Abstract
Background: The widely adopted Jablonski scoring system for reporting histological damage in kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) provides a limited score documenting the degree of necrosis within tubular


The multiple ionization of molecular nitrogen has been studied by use of an intense picosecond laser (0.6 ps: 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$: wavelength 600 nm). By measurement of the energies of the various fragment atomic ions (${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{N}}^{3+}$) with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer it has proved possible to investigate the dynamics of the multielectron dissociative ionization process on a time scale of about 30 fs.


Swansoft CNC simulation media is a complete simulation media which is the same as the real CNC machine. The purposes of this study were to determine the learning outcomes before and after treatment, an increase in the experimental class and comparison with the control class. The researcher used pre-test and post-test control group design . The sample itself is taken is taken in TMC class as a control group, and TMD class as an experimental group. The results showed the average post-test learning outcomes t_count = 3,763 < t_ table = 1.68. Because t is in the region of rejection of Ho, therefore, the experimental group was higher than the control group. The average of pre-test learning outcomes of experimental group was 64,60 and the control group 64,23. The average of post-test learning outcomes experimental class was 84.20, meanwhile the control class 77.31 . The researcher concludes that 1 ) The average of pre-test learning outcomes are relatively similar in both groups and low categorized; 2 ) The average of post-test learning outcomes experimental class was 84,20, meanwhile the control class 77.31 ; 3) Both groups is significantly increased ; 4 ) The results of the experimental class learning is better than control class. It is suggested for the teachers to use Swansoft CNC simulation media. For the further research, investigating the psychomotor as well also needed.


It is shown that the space A,* is a sequential space of order 2 which does not contain a copy of S2. This solves a problem of Franklin and J. R. Boone. It is shown that there is a sequential space of order 4 and not of sequential order 3 but which still does not contain S3. It is shown that for strongly sequential, and also for countable spaces, the problem of Franklin and Boone has an affirmative answer. Some open problems are raised. Sequential spaces have been studied by Arhangelskii [1], Franklin [2], [3] and Kannan [5], [6]. Frechet spaces are sequential spaces of order 1. There are plenty of sequential spaces which are not Frechet. The easiest such space is the space S2 of Arens [7]. Many authors observed that a sequential, Hausdorff space which is not Frechet contains a copy of S2 in general. This has led to the conjecture that a Hausdorff, sequential space which is not Frechet must contain a copy of S2. In this paper we show that this is 'not true. However we show that if the space is further countable then the conjecture is true. We also prove that if X is a sequential, non-Frechet, Hausdorff space which is strongly sequential, then X contains a copy of S2. Given an integer n > 0, we construct a Hausdorff sequential space of sequential order > n and not containing Sn+1. We denote the set of integers by Z and the set of positive integers by Z+. We follow [10] in general for topological concepts. DEFINITION 1. A topological space with a base point is a topological space X with an element xo chosen out of it. We write (X, xo) for the space X with a base point xo. Two topological spaces with base points (X, xo) and (Y,yo) are said to be isomorphic if there is a homeomorphism f from X onto Y such that f(xo) = YO. In this case we write (X,xo) (Y,yo). DEFINITION 2. Let (X, xo) be a topological space with a base point. Let Y be a topological space and let A be a subset of Y. For each y E A choose a topological space with a base point (Xy, xy) so that the following hold: (i) (Xy,xy) (X,xo) for ally E A. (ii) Xy n X, = 0foralls,y E A sothats #y. Let W be the free union of the spaces (XY)YEA. Let B C W be the set {x)Ay E A). Letf: B -Ybe the mapf(xy) = y for ally E A. Then the join of W and Y through f is called the space obtained from Y by attaching a copy of X through xo at each point of A. Received by the editors October 26, 1974. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 54A20, 54D50, 54D55, 54G20, 54B15, 54A25.


Organotin compounds are compounds containing at least one tin-carbon bond and can be classified into four major types depending on the number of tin-carbon bonds. Organotin compounds containing one tin-carbon bond are known as monoorganotins while those with two, three and four tin-carbon bonds are called diorganotins, triorganotins and tetraorganotins respectively. The general formula for the organotin compounds is represented by RnSnX4-n where n = 1 to 4; X can be halide or pseudohalide such as CNand NCS-, carboxylate (OCOR), phosphate and thiolate.


This paper summarizes a new work item project to develop a new international standard (ISO) for heat pump water heater, which have increased dramatically in several countries including: China, Japan, and some european countries such as France, Germany and Denmark last couple of years. The experts said if the technology of heat pump water heater was adopted in place of less efficient technologies such as electric resistance heating, and sales achieved a 10% market share, it could save almost 1.3 billion kilowatt-hours of energy annually. Furthermore, with estimated annual household savings of $290 (ENERGY STAR, 2009), consumers would benefit from lower utility bills. New working group 12 under ISO TC86 SC6 was established with national experts, China, France, Japan, Italy, and Korea to develop a new standard as "Heat pump water heaters - Testing and rating for performance ? Part 1: Domestic hot water supply heat pump water heater, and Part 2 : Commercial/Industrial hot water supply heat pump water heater" next 4 years.


Cestodes (tapeworms), as a group of parasites, have gained more prominence in recent years due primarily to improved abattoir feedback to fat stock producers on rejections. The zoonotic potential of some of this group adds to their importance. The aim of this article is to enable practising veterinary surgeons to easily answer their clients' queries about these infections and advise on effective control plans.


Modern electric power utilities are facing many challenges due to increasing power demand but the growth of power generation and transmission has been limited due to limited resources, environmental restrictions and right-of-way problems. These problems can be minimized by installing Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices in modern electric utilities to optimize the existing transmission system. Most effective use of the FACTS devices depend on the fact, how these devices are placed in the power system, i.e. the location and size. An optimal location and size of FACTS devices allows controlling its power flows and thus enhances the stability and reliability of the power systems. In this paper, Firefly Algorithm (FA) and BAT Algorithm (BAT) have been applied and compared to determine the optimal location and size of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in a power system to improve voltage stability subjected to minimize the active power losses, fuel cost, branching loading and voltage deviation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and improvement of power system stability has been demonstrated on IEEE 57 bus system using fast voltage stability index. The results obtained with variation of parameters of Firefly and BAT Algorithms has been studied and compared with Genetic Algorithm. The results are presented and analyzed.


John Gay's The Beggar's Opera was accepted for production by John Rich, manager at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and received its premiere in January 1728. With its twin satirical targets of Italian opera and political corruption, and its fresh approach to musical entertainment, the opera had an unprecedented success during its first season and continued to be performed every year in London for the remainder of the century. Alongside the many songs, the libretto indicates three contrasting ensemble dances, introduced at key moments of the drama. These dances have been overlooked in most studies of The Beggar's Opera. The article investigates the significance of the dances within the ballad opera, the dancers who may have performed them and what they may have been dancing. Each dance and its music is analysed in detail, and placed within the context of the dance repertoire and wider theatrical background at Lincoln's Inn Fields. The authors also demonstrate the importance of dance in attracting ...


A solution to Einstein's field equations via the Friedman equations is shown to produce a cosmological model that is in exact agreement with the measurements made by the dark energy astronomers. All the essential physical parameters are obtained as epoch dependent functions all in closed form. The equations of state are obtained for a non-dark energy density, a dark energy density and a total gravitationally weighted mass density. An interpretation of the structure involving a dark energy mass distribution that is twice the usual value is shown to clarify greatly the physical significance of the mathematics. It is asserted that the astronomer's measurements together with the mathematical model proves that the universe is permeated uniformly with a positive mass density that carries a negative gravitational constant, -G, characteristic. This mass component is identified with the dark energy content of the universe that has been postulated to explain the observed acceleration. Another result implied by the model is that there is twice the amount of dark energy that is usually considered to be present. This last point is analysed in more detail in appendix 1 using Einstein's field equations. Five additional appendices, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in which isothermal gravitational dark matter equilibrium and the galactic rotations curve flatness problem are examined in detail. Appendix 5 is concerned with mass clumping and expressing gravitational isothermal equilibrium constraints using a


In this paper the orthogonality properties of iterated polynomials are shown to remain valid in some cases for rational maps. Using a functional equation fulfilled by the generating function, the author shows that the Hausdorff dimension of the maximal measure is a real analytical function of the coefficients of an Axiom A rational map satisfying the property that all poles of f and zeros of f'(z) have multiplicity one. Here we will consider f a rational map such that the Julia set (see [1]) is bounded and f is of the form f(z) = P(z)(Q(z))-', where P(z) = zn + ani zn+ +a1z + ao, Q(z) = bdzd + bdlzd-i + +b z + bo, where ai E C, bj E C, 1bd =O, n > 2, and d < n. In [6, 8, and 10] it was shown that for f a rational map there exists just one f-invariant probability measure u such that, for any continuous function 4), 4)(x) du(x) = n-' E ?(zi(x)) du(x), where zi(x), i E {1, .. ., n }, are the roots of f(z) = x, counted with multiplicity, and this is the measure of maximum entropy. This measure is called the maximal measure, and it has entropy log n. For f such that f(ox) = cx and J(f) bounded, this measure is the equilibrium measure for the logarithm potential if and only if f is a polynomial [1, 9]. Let F(z) be the only one such that F(z)/z is analytic near x, F(z) z as z -b o, and F'(z)F(z)i = J (z x)-ldu(x) = z-1( E MmZ -), where Mm = Jxm du(x) for m E N (see [2]) are the m-moments of u. Note that Mo = 1, and the expansion is valid only when the Julia set is bounded, which implies either d < n 1 or d = n 1, and I bdI < 1 or IbdI = 1, and there is a Siegel disk around infinity. Received by the editors August 16, 1985.


Nowadays, China is overwhelmed by the thoughts of "One Belt and One Road Economic and Cultural Development", which was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013. That is the main reason why we choose the propaganda image of One Belt and One Road Economic and Cultural Development Center, an official homepage (http://www.oborecdc.org), as research target. And we call it "One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse" for convenience in this paper. This paper, applying Kress & van Leeuwen's Visual Grammar theoretical framework, is studied with qualitative analysis from three aspects, which are representational function, interactive function and compositional function. Besides, based on the specific social and cultural context, the paper gives a specific analysis of how different semiotic resources work together to produce a integrated meaning system. It is founded that: 1) For representational function, "One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse" belongs to a conceptual image, which includes the classification process and symbolism process; 2) As for interactive function, the designer builds the interactive relationship with viewers by using frontal-horizontal angle of view; 3) In composing the whole image, due to the different value of information, the designer composes the image by using different location, size and color. Specifically speaking, the central writing system belongs to the main mode, while the other visual modes mainly complement or highlight it in order to effectively realize the total meaning of the whole image; 4) Based on specific social and cultural context, the designer combines the historical symbol-Silk Road and cultural symbol-Chinese Red with realistic Symbol-globalization, to realize the complete meaning of "One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse". It is theoretically and practically significant to do this research. Theoretically speaking, it enriches the relative research on static multimodal discourse analysis. In practice, it helps viewers to understand the implied meaning of "One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse" better.


This report shows that the burden of excessive health care cost growth (defined as cost growth in excess of economic growth and the impact of aging) over the years 1980 to 2004 was almost 7 times as large as the tax increase that the Social Security trustees project will be needed to keep Social Security fully solvent over its 75-year planning horizon.


Integrated photonics is a particularly attractive option for building broadly useful sensor platforms. Here, the light source, sensing mechanism, and detection system are all in the same plane. As such, these sensors are small and simple enough that they could be incorporated into a cell phone. For the past five years, we have worked in partnership with the American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics (AIM Photonics) to establish designs and manufacturing strategies for photonic chemical and biological sensors. AIM is a public-private partnership established to develop U.S. manufacturing capability in photonics.


The total syntheses of 8-oxyberberine and oxohomoberberines were accomplished starting from commercially available 5-bromobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole, piperonal and sesamol in high total yield. The key steps involved a modified Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction and the intramolecular Heck cyclization. This approach is short, convenient and suitable for the preparation of homoberberine analogues.


The utility model relates to an integral type mobile power supply device, which comprises a box body, an electricity taking panel arranged at the upper end of the box body, a knife-switch switch and a plug board which are arranged on the electricity taking panel, a leakage protector arranged at the upper end of the box body, a patch board connected with the knife-switch switch and the plug board, a cable shaft arranged in the box body at the lower end of the electricity taking panel, a lead wire plug board arranged on a rotating shaft lateral plate at one end of the cable shaft and connected with a cable and a crank connected with the cable shaft. The plug board and the lead wire plug board are connected through a power wire, and a cable outlet is arranged on one side of the box body. The integral type mobile power supply device is of an integral structure, integrates the cable, the switch, the leakage protector, the socket and the like which are used in on site work into one box body, and is collision-resistant, easy to arrange and sturdy and durable in use. The integral type mobile power supply is provided with a plurality of connectors, can serve as various overhauling power supply boxes, adopts a telescopic rod and a rubber trundle, facilitates onsite transportation, is special for the leakage protector and a double-electrode knife switch and ensures working safety.


Today international relations encompass not only interaction between states, but also have a global, transnational character. Modern threats and international problems require the participation of more members of the world community. In this regard, interaction of states within the framework of international organizations is of great importance. Since many issues cannot be resolved in a bilateral format, multilateral cooperation requires the participants to have a high level of international legal regulation. Therefore, cooperation between states within the framework of international organizations is considered an important area of mutual relations. It is known that Kazakhstan has not remained aloof from this process and is the initiator of the creation of a number of international organizations. It is also developing ties with its Eastern neighbor China through international organizations. In particular, cooperation is dynamically developing within the framework of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, created on the direct initiative of our country. For Kazakhstan and China, the main goal of cooperation within the framework of international organizations is to maintain security and stability in the region. Along with maintaining peace in the region, other areas of cooperation are developing in a multilateral format, such as trade, economy, transport, and the use of the political and economic potential of more than two countries is very effective in developing relations. The article examines the problems and prospects of cooperation between Kazakhstan and China within the framework of international organizations.


. In hyperthyroidism thyroid antibodies (thyroglobulin antibody and/or microsomal antibody) have been found in 30% of 44 patients examined before treatment was started, in 22% of 41 patients treated with antithyroid drugs, and in 21% of 34 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy. In a few patients there was a rather abrupt fall in the concentration of thyroglobulin antibody during treatment with antithyroid drugs. As this might possibly have been due to a neutralization of the antibody in vivo, a number of sera which did not contain thyroglobulin antibody were investigated for circulating thyroglobulin. This investigation revealed thyroglobulin activity in the sera of 11 out of 18 patients who were receiving antithyroid drug therapy and in five out of 11 patients from whom antithyroid therapy had been withdrawn, but only in two out of 18 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy. Isolation experiments would suggest that the substance demonstrated might be genuine thyroglobulin, but—at least in some cases—with a lower iodine content than normal thyroglobulin. It is discussed whether the presence of this iodine-poor thyroglobulin-like protein and its breakdown products might not provide an explanation of the low PBI concentrations which are occasionally seen in patients during treatment with antithyroid drugs, once they have reached the euthyroid state.


The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that provides an ideal model for developing new analytical approaches for charactering RNPs. Here, I propose to develop suitable approaches for the systematic study of ribosomal proteins and ribosomes by mass spectrometry. As an initial trial, I have investigated the applicability of several common protein isolation procedures for their compatibility with downstream matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and numerated the Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins and their post-translational modifications with good sensitivity and high speed. This approach in combination with a ribosomal protein search algorithm was applied to Thermus thermophilus ribosomes. A major effort involved the use of limited proteolysis in combination with MALDI-MS to determine the stability of ribosomal proteins and to interrogate the interaction between ribosomal proteins and rRNA by monitoring the time-dependent production of proteolytic peptides and any remaining intact proteins. While exposed and unstructured proteins yield significant peptide ions via proteolytic digestion, proteins that are protected by rRNA in the inner part of the ribosome are not affected under the limited proteolysis conditions employed. Finally I expanded the use of limited proteolysis to the much larger and more complex 70S ribosomes from Thermus thermophilus to understand the role of ribosomal proteins in inter-subunit bridges. Extension regions of ribosomal proteins in inter-subunit bridges interact with rRNA and are important in maintaining the architecture of the complete 70S ribosome. It is envisioned that a combination of mass spectrometry and limited proteolysis can be used to further refine our understanding of


This paper describes the basic characteristics of a five-level inverter with two DC choppers used in a vector control system for induction motor drives. The control strategy is based on the space vector PWM method. The inverter system using the proposed control method for drive applications eliminates the problem of voltage imbalance in DC link capacitors. Experiments were carried out with a vector control system that uses a 3.7 kW induction motor. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed inverter system and control method.


Some psychological and physiological reactions to introduction of chlordiaze-poxide hydrochloride to an experimental situation involving a conformity trial were investigated. Groups of four subjects were selected with either considerable previous acquaintance (Friends) or little acquaintance (Strangers). In each group, two subjects were given an injection of the drug and two an injection of saline. Conformity to false group feedback was measured on a Crutchfield-Gerard apparatus and arousal was measured in terms of the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level. Self-ratings of mood were obtained using the Nowlis Adjective Check List. It was found that the experimental manipulations of group composition or drug injection did not yield clear-cut results unless the subjects were divided according to initial ratings of anxiety. Subjects initially more anxious, who were administered the drug and who were tested as Strangers, showed greater conformity to group pressure and a continuous increase in physiological arousal. These conditions were interpreted as being cumulative sources of strain, under which subjects concentrate on monitoring themselves to the exclusion of attending to surrounding events.


The NIDA Research Monograph series is prepared by the Division of Research of the National institute on Drug Abuse. Its primary objective is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. The chapter entitled "Benzodiazepines: Clinical Use Patterns," by Karl Rickels, M.D., is adapted from copyrighted material and therefore may be under copyright. It is used with the permission of Raven Press, New York. Before reproducing, readers are advised to determine its copyright status or to secure permission of the copyright holder. The table and figures in that chapter are copyrighted as noted in the text and are reproduced herein with permission. Further reproduction is prohibited without specific permission of the copyright holders. All other material in this volume is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or commodity. Trade or proprietary names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. Library of Congress catalog card number 81-600106 DHHS publication number (ADM)81-1052 Printed 1981 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of BioSciences Informa-Preface The Research Analysis and Utilization System (RAUS) is designed to serve four functions: Collection and systematic classification of findings of all intramural and extramural research supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Evaluation by scientific peers of the latest research findings ; Regular dissemination of findings to researchers in the field and to administrators, planners, instructors, and other interested persons: Provision of a feedback mechanism to NIDA staff and planners so that administration and monitoring of the NIDA research program reflect the very latest knowledge gleaned from research in the field. Since there is a limit to the number of research findings that can be intensively reviewed annually, four subject areas are chosen each year and subjected to a thorough review. The reviewers, distinguished scientists in the selected field, are provided with copies …


CG Crowds have become increasingly popular this last decade in the VFX industry: formerly reserved to only a few number of high end studios and blockbusters, crowd simulation is now widely used in TV shows or commercials. In a context where budget and time constraints increase at each project, quality requirements stay the same: generate believable character animations at the microscopic level while ensuring that the overall crowd simulation stays coherent at the macroscopic level. Golaem Crowd is an artist-oriented crowd simulation plugin for Autodesk Maya. Amongst the various tools embedded in the software, it includes a dedicated character animation engine. Golaem Crowd animation engine allows real-time motion retargeting as well as interactive motion synchronization and blending. In this paper, the motion retargeting workflow is detailed, as well as its features and how it helps solving production constraints by reducing the number of assets to create and by facilitating the reuse of assets.


Abstract : The end of the Cold War shifted the United States strategic focus from a clearly identified, monolithic national security threat to a less well-defined focus on international engagement. The resultant strategy was an attempt to maintain security through the promotion of democratic ideals and economic prosperity abroad. This shift has resulted in the U.S. armed forces becoming involved in numerous operations which previously had fallen outside or at least on the periphery of their primary mission. The success of operations in East Timor, with Australia as the lead nation and minimal U.S. support, created a potential option for U.S. civilian and military leaders that would reduce U.S. efforts in peace operations. This monograph addresses the likelihood that other nations could take the lead during contingency operations while receiving only limited support from the United States. The paucity of regional hegemons capable of fulfilling this role, especially in Africa, raises the question of whether this is a viable strategy for the U.S. in the short term. The monograph concludes that the lack of sufficient capabilities in current regional forces makes the East Timor model an impractical standard to set for future U.S. support in Sub-Saharan Africa. The United States will not be able to rely on potential lead nations such as Nigeria or South Africa for both political and military reasons in the near term. As such, the United States should not significantly alter its strategy of preparing its forces for the full spectrum of military operations. U.S. forces will be required to fulfill the role of lead nation in operations other than war while still maintaining critical capabilities to conduct full-scale conventional operations in the unlikely event of a major theater war. Continued efforts must be made to improve African nations ability to co


Fertilizer K experiments were conducted for consecutive 4 years at Jinhua city in Zhejiang province under field condition to study the influence of fertilizer K on nutrient absorb and use efficiency for rice. The results indicated that fertilizer K could promote nitrogen and phosphorus transporting from stem and leaf to panicle in rice plant, therefore, the yield increased. Contrast to the treatment without fertilizer K application, average total N uptake of hybrid rice increased 7.1-9.3 kg/hm2, total P increased 10-2.0 kg/hm2, total K uptake increased 45.3-56.6 kg/hm2 respectively. N and P nutrient use efficiency did not increased and reached to statistically significance, but K use efficiency significantly decreased 26.3%-28.9% compared with inbred rice. Hybrid rices behaved of physiology advantage in nutrient uptake and use efficiency than that of inbred rice. By analyzing annual dynamic change of exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K in testing soil, suggested that hybrid rice depleted more nonexchangeable K in soil than inbred rice. The trend of content of available K in testing soil decreased annually whereas nonexchangeable K increased when fertilizer K were applied.


In this paper, the stability and synchronization control problem of bilateral shared autonomous system for miniature unmanned multirotor aerial vehicle (MUMAV) is addressed with nonpassive human and environment input forces. The master input interface design combines scaled position of the master manipulator with velocity signals of the MUMAV and reflected remote interaction forces. The slave input interaction interface is designed by combining scaled position and velocity of the master manipulator with the velocity of the remote slave MUMAV system. The data transmission between local master and remote MUMAV is assumed to be carried out by using dedicated internet communication network with negligible time delay. The convergence analysis is shown by using Lyapunov method. The analysis shows that the closed loop bilateral shared autonomous system is input-to-state stable and ultimately bounded with nonpassive human and environment input interaction force.


Abstract In this research we have synthesized new derivatives of dihydrobenzopyrazoloazepine in high yields using multicomponent reaction of anilines, oxalylchloride, alkyl bromides, activated acetylenic compounds, and hydrazine in the presence of Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs MNCs as a high-performance catalyst in ionic liquid at room temperature. The Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs MNCs were synthesized using ionic liquid 1-Octhyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([OMIM]Br) as a stabilizer and soft template. Because of having NH group in the synthesized compounds, the antioxidant property of some synthesized dihydrobenzopyrazoloazepine was investigated by diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping and power of ferric reduction experiment. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs MNCs was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water under mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for removing organic pollutants within a few seconds. A short time of reaction, high yields of product and easy separation of catalyst and products are some advantages of this procedure. HIGHLIGHTS Ionic liquids (ILs) are one of the important examples of green solvents with the capacity to solvate an array of inorganic and organic substrates and vanishingly small vapor pressures. 'ILs are promising substitutes for volatile organic solvents (VOCs).' The present procedure avoids the use of toxic solvents. Benzazepines, which have a seven-membered aza-heterocyclic fused aromatic ring, are of interest because of their biological activity and use as building blocks for natural product synthesis and drug discovery.


An important tool for the investigation of relativistic quantum field theories of strong interactions is the study of their strong-coupling limits. These lead to semigeometric models in which the quark-binding fields reduce to constraining volumes (bags), surfaces (bubbles), or lines (strings). These models are usually first treated classically and then quantized by canonical quantization. The present model was previously investigated by Giles and Tye and by Tye and originated from the ''SLAC bubble.'' A two-dimensional timelike cylinder is embedded in four-dimensional Minkowski space. Massless Dirac fields (quarks) are constrained to it. These can carry any internal-symmetry label. At a fixed time the model represents a loop (closed string) on which quarks circulate. The covariant quantization is possible in a special gauge and for timelike (rather than null plane) dynamics if care is taken to treat the corresponding gauge conditions in an internally consistent way. Simultaneity of relative positions of this extended structure in every instantaneous rest frame leads to additional constraints which ensure the absence of ghost states. All primary constraints are proved to be first class also for the quantized system. There are no secondary constraints. The theory is manifestly covariant; the Poincare algebra is verified explicitly. There aremore » no tachyonic states since the total momentum points into the future light cone. Linearly rising Regge trajectories result as in the free string.« less


The field experiment was conducted to study the integrated use of organic product viz., pressmud + neem cake and seaweed extract along with inorganic fertilisers on yield, uptake and nutrient availability of sugarcane (BO 154) in alluvial soil rich in free calcium carbonate. The plot treated with pressmud + neem cake/seaweed extract either alone or in combination with inorganic fertiliser (100% NPK) significantly increased yield attributes and cane yield over control. The mean data indicated that highest number of tillers (101.44 x10 3 /ha), NMC (76.68 x10 3 /ha), cane length (162.40 cm) and single cane wt. (863.3 g) were recorded in treatment receiving 100 % NPK along with pressmud + neem cake + seaweed extract in combination and lowest in control. The result indicated that integrated use of organic along with inorganic nutrient source was found superior regarding increasing cane yield up to the tune of 21.34% over control. However, juice quality parameters viz., brix, pol and purity coefficient remains unaffected. The mean sugar yield varied (6.718.23 t/ha) significantly due to application of an inorganic and organic source of nutrients. The uptake of nutrients followed the similar trend as cane yield. However, the effect of various organic products viz., pressmud + neem cake and seaweed extract was found at par. The significant increase in organic carbon and available –N and available phosphorus were recorded in organic treated plots and being highest in treatment receiving pressmud + neem cake + seaweed extract in combination with inorganics over control. Thus, integrated use of RDF (150–85–60 kg N–P2O5– K2O /ha) along with soil application of pressmud + neem cake ( 9:1@ 1 t/ha) or seaweed extract Original Research Article Jha and Thakur; CJAST, 31(1): 1-7, 2018; Article no.CJAST.45864 2 (@ 1 kg/ha) was found favourable for improving yield and soil fertility status of sugarcane. It would be better to apply inorganic fertiliser with organics to sustain the productivity of sugarcane in calcareous soil.


The insulation system design of refuse bin sliding mode construction at low temperature was introduced combining with engineering practice,the construction technology of bin sliding mode at ultra temperature was discussed,and pointed out safety measures in construction,so as to accumulate experiment for sliding mode construction at ultra low temperature,and provided references for similar engineering.


This study aims to determine the spread of herbal vegetation in the environment of the campus environment of UNWIRA Penfui Kupang, by applying vegetation parameters including density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, dominance, relative dominance, Importance Value Index (INP), and Comparison Important Value (SDR). The method used in this study is the quadratic method, with the determination of the sampling point divided into two observation stations, based on open and sheltered areas with each station there are 5 observation plots with a size of 1x1 m2. The results of research conducted in the environment of the campus environment of UNWIRA Penfui Kupang found 7 types of herbal plants namely Solanum nigrum, Mussaenda frondosa, Oplismenus hirtellus, Amaranthus viridis, Eclipta L, Bidens pilosa, Imperata cylindrical and the composition of the highest number of individuals were Oplismenus hirtellus. The amount of diversity index value of basket grass plants (Oplismenus hirtellus) is 0.146 with a large amount of basket grass plants tend to be more stable compared to the other 6 plants found. Index value of vegetation diversity of herbaceous plants obtained is 0.782, so species diversity is lacking.


6620 Background: The OCM is a voluntary Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation alternative payment model pilot program. As of Oct 2017, OCM practices are required to report the biomarker status for NSCLC pts. Our objective was to assess the effect of OCM reporting on quality of care in aNSCLC. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic model to compare the likelihood of receiving biomarker testing and corresponding appropriate therapy. We populated the model using real-world data from pts (n=7,075) at OCM sites (n=45) and non-OCM sites (n=105) in the Flatiron Health electronic health record (EHR)-derived database. The pre-period control included pts diagnosed with aNSCLC from Jan 1, 2011 - Dec 31, 2015; the post-period included pts diagnosed Oct 2017 - Nov 2018. For OCM vs non-OCM sites, we estimated probabilities and unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of biomarker testing (EGFR, ROS1, or ALK) and subsequent delivery of appropriate therapy, defined as use of a biomarker-guided tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for positive pts, or non-TKI therapy for negative pts. Results: No differences in rates of biomarker testing or delivery of appropriate therapy were detected between OCM and non-OCM practices prior to the reporting requirement. In the post-period, OCM was associated with higher odds of biomarker testing and appropriate therapy (Table). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study of the association of OCM reporting requirements with downstream quality of care. Our results suggest that OCM documentation and reporting requirements are associated with modestly higher quality of care for pts with aNSCLC. Ongoing sensitivity analyses will determine the relative contribution of provider and practice characteristics to these findings. Careful measurement of the impact of reporting requirements is essential to measure the impact of payment reform interventions and inform policy. [Table: see text]


Abstract We study an optimal investment problem under a joint limited expected relative loss and portfolio insurance constraint with a general random benchmark. By making use of a static Lagrangian method in a complete market setting, the optimal wealth and investment strategy can be fully determined along with the existence and uniqueness of the Lagrangian multipliers. Our numerical demonstration for various commonly used random benchmarks shows a trade-off between the portfolio outperformance and underperformance relative to the benchmark, which may not be captured by the widely used Omega ratio and its utility-transformed version, reflecting the impact of the benchmarking loss constraint. Furthermore, we develop a new portfolio performance measurement indicator that incorporates the agent's utility loss aversion relative to the benchmark via solving an equivalent optimal asset allocation problem with a benchmark-reference-based preference. We show that the expected utility performance is well depicted by looking at this new portfolio performance ratio, suggesting a more suitable portfolio performance measurement under a limited loss constraint relative to a possibly random benchmark.


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Children with behavioral or emotional disorders often suffer symptoms for years before being diagnosed. A new AAP clinical report focuses on the need to increase behavioral screening to improve mental health treatment of pediatric patients.

The report, Promoting Optimal


Abstract: Low power high-performance CNT FET combinational circuit which enhances computation performance. In this project we have design basic logic gates circuit and of arithmetic unit using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). The designed adder cell requires 42 transistors. Compare to other digital devices like the half adder, ripple carries adder a significant improvement in the output parameters like currents, threshold voltage, capacitances, power dissipation in the circuit has been achieved. Schematic and Simulations were carried out using cadence software with the Verilog-A model of CNTFET provided by Stanford University and initial results are carried out by open-source platform Nano hub. Fettoy and CNTFET tools have been used to find out different parameters like VDD, Vth, scaling in the geometry of the semiconductor material and carbon Nanotubes.


Glaciers are important water reservoirs for the Andean basins. Due to their tropical la titudes, their energy balance is very sensitive to climate change. The present study analyzed the ablation in the tropical Andean g lacier C ondoriri by applying a n e nergy ba lance of t he hydrologic year 2011 -2012. The to tal ablation was separated into sublimation a nd melting. Sublimation accounts for 54.4% of total ablation, which is similar to results from other tropical glaciers. It was found that ablation changes with elevation; melting decreases with e levation. The water f rom melting g lacier accounts f or 8.5% of the total water input. The glacier balance shows that the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is located at 5080 m above sea level, s imilar to E LA e stimation o f o ther s tudies. Analyzing t he te mperature t rends s hows t hat g lobal warming not only will increase the ablation, but also will modify the melting-ablation relation. Higher temperatures will increase the energy used for melting and decrease the energy used for sublimation.


For each good, Swoopo publishes a visible "worth up to" price, which is essentially the manufacturer's recommended price for the item. This price is one potential measure of value, but it appears to be only useful as an upper bound. In the most extreme example, Swoopo has held nearly 3,000 auctions involving 132 types of "luxury" watches with "worth up to" prices of more than $500. However, the vast majority of these watches sell on Internet sites at heavy discounts from the "worth up to" price (20-40%). It is di¢ cult, therefore, to justify the use of this amount as a measure of value if the auctioneer or participant can simply order the item from a reputable company at a far cheaper cost. That said, it is also unreasonable to search all producers for the lowest possible cost and use the result as a measure of value, as these producers could be disreputable or costly for either party to locate. In order to strike a balance between these extremes, I estimate the value of items by using the average price found at Amazon.com and Amazon.de for the exact same item and using the "worth up to" price if Amazon does not sell the item. I refer to this new value estimate as the adjusted value of the good. 45 As prices might have changed signi…cantly over time, I only use Amazon prices for auctions later than December 2007 and scale the value in proportion to any observable changes in the "worth up to" price over time. Amazon sells only 28% of the unique consumer goods sold on Swoopo, but this accounts for 60% of all auctions involving consumer goods (goods that are sold on Amazon are likely to occur more in repeated auctions). For the goods that are sold at Amazon, the adjusted value is 79% of the "worth up to" price without shipping costs and 75% when shipping costs are added to each price (Amazon often has free shipping, while Swoopo charges for shipping). As the adjusted value is equal to the "worth up to" price for the 40% of the auctions for consumer goods that are not sold on Amazon, it still presumably overestimates the true value. 46 To test the validity of the measure of value, note that the equilibrium analysis (and general intuition) suggest that the winning bid of an auction should be positively correlated with …


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a rotor for a modulated polar machine. The rotor includes the following: a tubular supporting structure forming a circular mounting surface; with that, the tubular supporting structure includes many elongated cavities in the mounting surface; elongated cavities are continued in the direction of the axis of the tubular supporting structure; and many constant magnets located on the mounting surface of the tubular supporting structure and magnetised in the direction of the circle of the above rotor so that a magnetic field of the rotor can be created; constant magnets are separated from each other in the direction of the circle of the rotor with continued polar rotor sections in an axial direction. At least one constant magnet or one polar section of the rotor passes at least partially into one of the many cavities. EFFECT: increasing stability, reducing magnetic resistance, efficiency of distribution of magnetic flux lines. 19 cl, 17 dwg


AbstractThe development of nonprofit management education programs in U.S. universities parallels wider societal concerns about the efficacy of management in contemporary nonprofit organizations. T...


. This article deals with the software and hardware design of a measurement and logging system for two older co-firing furnaces PEO 601 and PEO 602, which are still in use at the Department of Technologies in Electronics and which need to be monitored remotely. The furnaces from the technological point of view matches the requirements of the laboratory experiments and technological processes provided at the department, but we need the ability to monitor and log the actual temperature in them, as well as to check, if the temperature during the co-firing process was in correspondence with the defined profile of it.


On Aug. 9, 2015, we lost John Holland, computer scientist, psychologist, and complexity scientist. John defined new areas of research and tools for exploring them. Along the way, he made significant contributions in a startlingly unusual range of fields. He gave us new ways to solve problems and changed how many of us think, literally.


Church is one of organizations recognized not as corporation but as private association and therefore its identity and possession of properties must be confirmed by the general theories of the civil law in relation not to corporation but to private association. Different from corporation, the internal relations of private association is primarily regulated by the articles of association. When there is no article of association, ordinary resolution and provisions for incorporated association in the civil law are applied by inference. As for the debt of private association, all the members own it in a quasi-joint manner (article 275 and 278). For the last 50 years, the judicial precedents of the Supreme Court has permitted the partition of church for the Protestant church and ruled that the relationship of properties at the time of partition is the joint ownership by church members at the time of partition. This ruling is different from that of corporation and ordinary principles of law. However, a new judicial precedent (the Supreme Court, 2006. 4. 20, 2004다37775) prescribes that different from corporation, the partition of private association is not allowed. Thus, in order to settle the dispute of private association, the Supreme Court changes its traditional standpoint of allowing partition into denying it. This ruling seems to reflect the necessity of settling dispute above all.


The spectrum of conduction electrons of a narrow-band semiconductor in paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases for an arbitrary value of localised spins is investigated by the diagram technique for the Hubbard operators. It is shown that there can be both blue and red shifts of the optical absorption edge depending on the type of lattice.


The inter-criticism between Confucianism and Mo which focuses on the thinking of the problems existed in the state and society and the rationality to the solutions of that is a big crash on the scientific thoughts in Chunqiu and Zhanguo Periods.The debate between Confucianism and Mo school creates the precedent of rational criticism and shows the multiplicity of individual and social values and significance of conflict.


Using the spectrum including a plurality of sub-carriers said to in a communication system comprising a transmitting station device and a receiving station device for transmitting and receiving a multicarrier signal, increasing the frequency utilization efficiency of the used frequency band used for transmission of said multicarrier signal setting the ratio of using the overlap zone of interference in the use of the band overlap rate, and using a spectrum allocated in accordance with the superposed rate set and transmits the multi-carrier signal.


More than 320,000 years ago in the Rift Valley of Africa, some early innovators adopted a new technology: They eschewed the clunky, palm-size stone hand axes that their ancestors had used for more than a million years in favor of a sleek new toolkit. Like new generations of cellphones today, their Middle Stone Age blades and points were smaller and more precise than the old so-called Acheulean hand axes and scrapers. A trio of papers released online in Science this week shows how in this technological transition, these toolmakers in the Olorgesailie Basin in Kenya chose as raw material shiny black obsidian and white and green chert, rocks they had to get from distant sources or through trade networks. In another first, they chiseled red and black rocks, probably to use as crayons to color their bodies or spears—an early sign of symbolic behavior.


The invention relates to a quality estimation method of a set of digital data altered, for example following transmission and / or its treatment (eg compression). The method uses a watermarking process of the dataset. The noise parameters added to the dataset during its transmission and / or during processing are estimated from the dataset recovered after transmission and / or treatment and more particularly from watermarked data recovered after transmission and / or treatment.


Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan The η-PRiME collaboration (Japan-Germany-Austria) searches for η ′(958) meson-nucleus bound states. The mass of the η ′ meson is much greater than the values if it were a pure Goldstone boson associated with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. The extra mass is to be attributed to non-perturbative gluon dynamics and the QCD axial anomaly. The η ′ in media will be influenced through chiral restoration and the axial U(1) dynamics, causing accordingly a sizable mass reduction and a strong binding to the nucleus, on which an observation of such states will provide valued information. The data taking (S437 experiment) using inclusive missing mass spectroscopy of (p,d) reaction off carbon target will take place in summer 2014 at the FRS spectrometer at GSI. XV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy-Hadron 2013 4-8 November 2013 Nara, Japan


In the present study, experiments have been performed to observe the impact of Southern Ocean Swell in the Indian Ocean region. For this purpose, wave model (WAM) runs have been made for two years using National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting model derived analysed winds and QuikScat scatterometer derived surface winds. To observe the swell impact in Indian Ocean region, the wave models runs have been made in global as well as regional scale. The difference in the model derived wave heights have been compared with in-situ buoy data as well as satellite altimeter derived wave height data. The study clearly demonstrates that high swell waves from the Southern Ocean propagate towards the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.


Hunter Powell's monograph, The Crisis of British Protestantism: Church Power in the Puritan Revolution, 1638–44,  is now out with Manchester University Press. 'This book seeks to bring coherence to two of the most studied periods in British history, Caroline non-conformity (pre-1640) and the British revolution (post-1642). It does so by focusing on the pivotal years of 1638–44 where debates around non-conformity within the Church of England morphed into a revolution between Parliament and its...


Marcuse,as one of the representatives of Western Marxism,built his critical theory of humanism featuring one-dimensional man,end-result of erotic liberation,on the basis of excellent achievements from former philosophers.Even in current establishment of a harmonious society,his theory still has a great value in theoretic studying and practice,expanding the space for theoretical workers to strive for adapting Marxism to conditions in China.


Cross sections for electron impact excitation of the singlet n=1 and 2 states of the helium atom at various energies ranging from 30-200 eV are calculated using the coupled-channels optical method with the half-on-shell polarization potential. The electron impact coherence parameters for the excitation to the 21P state are also calculated. Overall good, semi-quantitative agreement with experiment is achieved.


We analyzed the dynamics of the 27-day variation of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) using PAMELA data in the solar cycle 24 covering the period of 2006-2015. We studied the time line of the proton and helium spectra for different rigidities measured by PAMELA and compared with neutron monitor (NM) observations. We studied the relationship between the 27-day variations of GCR and heliospheric parameters: solar wind velocity and heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). We found that the 27-day variation observed by PAMELA was changing over the solar cycle 24. Near the solar minimum in the 2007-2008 it was observed the stationary 27-day variation with stable amplitude and time of maximum for almost ∼8 solar rotations. Solar wind velocity and Bx component of the HMF also showed the same clear 27-day periodicity. The recurrent changes of solar wind velocity were in strong antiphase with changes of GCR. In contrary in the rising phase of the solar cycle 24 the period of quasi-recurrent GCR variations was much more variable in time and in duration, in average 27-days, but also with the strong contamination of the higher harmonics. The antiphase relation between GCR and solar wind is not so clearly pronounced. Moreover, in the rising phase of the solar cycle 24 we established in all analyzed parameters some wave packages, periodically enhanced, taking place averagely each 1.5-2 years, suggesting the occurrence of the quasi biannual oscillations (QBOs).


Gravitational wave science is a new and rapidly expanding field of observational astronomy. Multimessenger observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 have provided some iconic results including the first gravitational-wave standard-siren measurement of the Hubble constant, opening up a new way to probe cosmology. The majority of the compact binary sources observed in gravitational waves are however without bright electromagnetic counterparts. In these cases, one can fall back on the 'dark standard siren' approach to include information statistically from potential host galaxies. For such a measurement, we need to be cautious about all possible sources of systematic errors. In this paper, we begin to study the possible errors coming from the galaxy catalogue sector, and in particular, look into the effect of galaxy redshift uncertainties for the cases where these are photometry-based. We recalculate the dark standard siren Hubble constant using the latest GWTC-3 events and associated galaxy catalogues, with different galaxy redshift uncertainty models, namely, the standard Gaussian, a modified Lorentzian, and no uncertainty at all. We find that not using redshift uncertainties at all can lead to a potential bias comparable with other potential systematic effects previously considered for the GWTC-3 H0 measurement (however still small compared to the overall statistical error in this measurement). The difference between different uncertainty models leads to small differences in the results for the current data; their impact is much smaller than the current statistical errors and other potential sources of systematic errors which have been considered in previous robustness studies.


A new PO2 electrode mounted in the tip of a 5F umbilical artery catheter was used in 36 newborn infants with severe respiratory illnesses 28 of whom survivied. 37 electrodes were used. The median age at insertion was 4 /range 1/2–122/ hr. 3 electrodes failed to work and they were removed or replaced, and 2 could not be properly evaluated. 32 electrodes functioned satisfactorily after a onepoint calibration against blood sampled through the catheter. 22 did not need recalibration until they were removed after 10–109/mean 88/ hr. 4 of the remaining 10 electrodes were recalibrated once after 33–97 hr and then functioned until removed 15–55 hr later; and the other 6 electrodes failed after 32–105/mean 49/ hr. Complications were few. 356 arterial blood samples obtained after the initial calibration and before any recalibration was required gave a correlation coefficient of 0.93/p<0.0001/ against independent system /Radiometer Type E5046 O2 electrode/. We conclude that the cathetertip electrode is a safe and reliable instrument for continuously recording PaO2 in infants.


The utility model provides a current transformer oil drain valve with a control valve. One end of a connecting pipe is provided with the control valve. An outer end of the control valve is connected with a set screw. One end of the control valve, which is opposite with the set screw, is provided with a movable outer connection. One end of a connector is provided with a movable inner connection. Sealing rings are sleeved on a jointing pipe of the movable inner connection. Two sealing rings are provided and are parallelly sleeved on the jointing pipe. Because the control valve is provided on the connecting pipe, the amount of the discharged oil of an oil discharging valve can be controlled. Because the two sealing rings are sleeved on the jointing pipe of the connection end, total sealing can be obtained and oil leakage phenomenon can be prevented. The current transformer oil drain valve with the control valve is suitable for being mounted on the current transformer for draining the oil.


In order to evaluate the ecological status in Yantai City preferably,on the basis of ecological footprint,ecological footprint of Yantai City in 2008 was calculated using emergy analysis and ecological footprint model,and the impact of international trade and travel as the amendment value on the ecological energy was taken into account.The results showed that ecological deficit of Yantai City was as high as 2.307 7 hm~2 in 2008.Further analysis of ecological status indicated that large population,unreasonable consumption style and low rate of resource utilization were the key reasons of ecological imbalance.


In order to facilitate the removal of tumors during partial nephrectomies, an image-guided surgery system may be useful. This system would require a registration of the physical kidney to a pre-operative image volume; however, it is unclear whether a rigid registration would be sufficient. One possible source of non-rigid deformation is the clamping of the renal artery during surgery and the subsequent loss of pressure as the kidney is punctured and blood loss occurs. To explore this issue, a model of kidney deformation due to loss of perfusion and pressure was developed based on Biot's consolidation model. The model was tested on two resected porcine kidneys in which the renal artery and vein were clamped. CT image volumes of the kidney were obtained before and after the deformation caused unclamping, and fiducial markers embedded on the kidney surface allowed the deformation to be tracked. The accuracy of the kidney model was accessed by calculating the model error at the fiducial locations and using image similarity measures. Preliminary results indicate that the model may be useful in a non-rigid registration scheme; however, further refinements to the model may be necessary to better simulate the deformation due to loss of perfusion and pressure.


A simulation study on the performance of the solar and geothermal hybrid heat pump system by using R22 was carried out with a variation of operating conditions. The system was consisted of solar system (concentric evacuated tube solar collector, heat storage tank) and geothermal heat pump system (double pipe heat exchanger, electric expansion valve and compressor). As a result, the heating capacity is linearly decreased from 13.2 kW to 11 kW as the heat pump operating temperature increases from 40 o C to 48 o C. Besides, the heating COP decreases by 13.6% from 4.4 to 3.8 when the ground temperature raises 13 o C to 17 o C. The heating capacity is increased by 4.7% from 11.5 kW to 12.2 kW and the heating COP rises by 19% from 4.7 to 5.6.


The examination has been performed at Bjerking AB, which is an architectural and engineering company. Bjerking AB has the ambition to be a member of Green Building.
The Green Building program devel ...


Benchmark TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 photocatalysts were investigated by operando FTIR spectroscopy to shed light on catalytic pathways influencing CO2 photoreduction in vapor phase. Through combination with multivariate curve resolution-chemometric analysis,...


Prevalence of Zoonotic Bacteria Harbored in the Oral Cavities of Dogs Yukio MORITA1), Toshio ONo1), Kouji MIYASHITA1), Hayato TAKADA1), Masahiro FUJITA1), Toshio MATSUMOTO1), Hiromichi SHIBASAKI2), Satoshi KOBATAKE3) and Toshio NOBUSAWA3) 1) Chuou Meat Inspection Center, Gunma Prefecture, Tamamura-machi, Sawa-gun, Gunmaken 370-11, Japan 2) Animal Administration Center, Gunma Prefecture, Numata-shi, Gunma-ken 378, Japan 3) Community Sanitation Division, Department of Public Health and Environment, Gunma Prefecture, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken 371, Japan SUMMARY Isolation and enumeration for causative organisms of zoonosis were investigated in the oral cavities of 65 dogs. Of them, 50 were kept as pet dogs and 15 were captured and brought to the administration center for animals. Streptococcus(92.0%), Staphylococcus(86.0%), coliform groups(78.0%), Candida(26.0%), Clostridium perfringens(12.0%) and Pasteurella multocida(8.0%) were found in the oral cavities of pet dogs. On the other hand, coliform groups(100%), Staphylococcus(100%), Streptococcus(100%), C. perfringens(100%), Candida (40.0%), P. multocida(33.3%) and Yersinia(13.3%) were detected from those of captured dogs. It was indicated that the mean number of coliform groups, C. perfringens, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and P. multocida in captured dogs was higher than that of the pet dogs.


This work suggests the use of a new method of seismic data clustering that can aid in the visualization of seismic maps. Seismic data are primarily made of signal and noise and, due to their dual composition, have asymmetric distributions. Seismic data are traditionally classified by methods that lead the proposed groups' references to their mean values. The mean value is, however, sensitive to noise and outliers and the classification methods that make use of this estimator are, consequently, subject to generating distorted results. Although other works have suggested the use of the median in cases where the distributions are asymmetric – due to the fact that this estimator is robust with respect to noise and outliers – none have proposed a method that would lead the groups' references to the median value while treating seismic data. The method proposed in this work includes, therefore, an algorithm that leads the groups' references to their medians. The iterative treatment of seismic data through the use of a non-linear function that is adequate for the gradient descent generates results with mean-square errors inferior to those generated by the use of the mean value. The algorithm's nonlinearity constant determines how seismic data are led from the mean value towards the median. Convergence can be achieved with little iteration in the proposed method. It can, therefore, be used as a tool in the sizing of petroleum reservoirs and can also be used to determine the differences between similar geological structures.


I went along as an observer to the meeting. The hall was crowded with 200-300 people, including many wellknown people in film and television-: producers, directors, film librarians, members of Australian Council for Children's Film and Television etc. Among others I noticed Ross Campbell, Betty McDowell, Sarah Guest, Erwin Rado, Ed Schefferle and Ted Snell.


The invention relates to iced fresh mulberry probiotics beverage fermentation beverage, which is characterized in that: iced fresh mulberries are adopted as a culture medium to culture pobiotics such as bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus and the like, and then the fermented probiotics liquid is inactivated to produce the beverage. The production method comprises the following steps that: freshly-squeezed iced fresh mulberry juice is adopted as the culture medium, appropriate drinking water is added into a vessel to be fermented at the condition of a certain temperature and a certain time period, after the fermentation, appropriate white granulated sugar, brown sugar, honey and drinking water are added into the probiotics fermentation liquid to be boiled and inactivated under the normal pressure so as to be made into the beverage. Dregs which are obtained after the iced fresh mulberry probiotics fermentation beverage is filtered also can be made into iced fresh mulberry probiotics fermentation jam. The iced fresh mulberry probiotics beverage further enlarges the application range of probiotics culture medium materials such as bifidobacteria and the like. Novel probiotics fermentation inactivated fruit juice beverage is provided for consumers, the source of raw materials is wide, the cost is low, the preparation process is stable, the production equipment and the investment are less, the production method is simple to operate and is easy to popularize, and a favorable market application prospect can be realized.


CdZnSe2xTe2(1-x) thin films for different composition parameters x have been deposited on large substrate area by the spray pyrolysis method which is simple, inexpensive and economical at 300 substrate temperature. From the optical transmission and reflection spectra, absorption coefficients were calculated . Band gap energy were determined from absorbance measurements in visible range using Tauc theory. Band gap energy values are found to lie in the range 2.04-2.52 eV for the films with composition parameter, x= 0 to 1. It shows that the main transition at the fundamental absorption edge is a direct allowed transition. The optical constants such as optical band gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index and dielectric constant have been calculated for these films The values obtained by this method are suitable for many scientific studies and technical applications such as solar cells, heat mirrors , transparent electrodes, piezoelectric devices, sensors etc.


Summary form only given. IBM's Advanced Semiconductor Technology Center (ASTC), which provides a model of a development fabricator for future generations of semiconductor technology, is discussed. The ASTC assures development with a manufacturing environment. Facilities, equipment, and materials have been designed to meet future technology manufacturability. Some technology trends are given.<<ETX>>


Network educational experiment system is an important assistant for education.In this paper,the Matlab network application and its mechanism are studied;a method of developing the network educational experiment system based on Matlab Web Server is presented;by using Web technology and its CGI function,the Matlab network application is developed and the network educational system of control system analysis and design based on B/S pattern is created.Test has shown the significant practicality of the network educational experiment system for its simple structure,scalability,maintainability and interaction.


ABSTRACT The field of communication has much to recover from its intellectual history, particularly critical traditions that have been pushed to the margins. Such a project is inherently political: how scholars narrate the histories of their fields reflect tacit assumptions about discursive boundaries and what counts for legitimate scholarship. Prominent historical narratives typically emphasize certain sub-fields and research traditions while giving short shrift to others. Suggesting larger erasures and deeper tensions in the history of the field, this article aims to recover one such neglected thread, embodied by a reformist policy scholar who is all but forgotten in communication research: Charles Siepmann.


The paper studied the variation of leaf area index (LAI),leaf chlorophyll content (CHL.C),fresh leaf chlorophyll density (CHL.D) and hyperspectral data in growing period on rice field plots of different nitrogen levels.The correlations between the hyperspectral data and above parameters of rice were analyzed. Spectral derivative technique was used to suppress the effects of low frequency background spectral noises (such as soil and so on).The derivatives of reflectance spectra can enhance the correlation and improve precision in predicting LAI, CHL.C, CHL.D.Results show that the relationship of LAI ,CHL.C, CHL.D with the derivatives of reflectance spectra more markedly correlate of with reflectance spectra at some wavelength.


The sensor unit for sensing the angular position of the rotating element (20) with respect to fixed element (22) (4), and is fixed and the rotating element (20) Target (42), a predetermined plurality of sensing cells ( includes a 401), the. Each sensing cell (401) provides power to the configured connection device to be connected and the sensing cells to transmit the data sent by the sensing cell (401) and (401) to ground (403) It is connected. Sensor unit (4) via a connecting cable (50) comprising at least two connection wires (501, 502), the receiving device of the sensor unit (4), electrically to power supply system and ground and an output connector (44) for connection. Connector (44) for the wires (501-504) of the connecting cable (50), configured clamping portions to receive the ends of the wire (501-504) and (4460), the connecting device ( and 403) and configured plug portion so as to form a press contact (4464), and a connecting pin having a (446).


The cryptographic application for data security by using the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and the AES algorithm was to secure data when sending, the first sender of the recipient exchanges the key or generated the key for the encrypted file by using the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, after obtaining the key file would be encrypted by using AES algorithm for encryption and decryption file, sender would send file to receiver party through server first to save data, then recipient to decrypt file to read the file so that could be read back by receiver. In this assignment, the application that combined the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange with AES encryption algorithm. This application that first used Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange to achieve the goal of exchanging shared secret key. The results indicated that by using Diffie-Hellman with 1024 bit keys the security was equivalent to 3DES 2 key algorithm, if Diffie-Hellman with 2048 bit key then its security equal to 3DES 3 key, if Diffie-Hellman with 3072 bit key then equal security with AES-128 bits, if Diffie-Hellman with 7680 bit keys then the security was equivalent to AES-182 bits, and if Diffie-Hellman with 15360 bit keys then the security was equivalent to AES-256 bits.