The present invention relates to a digital telecommunications System for creating, integrating, grouping, managing, deploy ing, activating and orchestrating mobile, fixed, IP converged and next generation services and networks. Said system is called MULTI-SERVICE NETWORK CENTER (10), and includes at least one application and service orchestration server module (15), referred to as Network Browser (15), at least one administration module (13), at least network gate way module (18), at least one integration gateway module (14) and at least one database and profiling module (19). Said system includes means to be integrated to at least one core telecommunications network and means for introducing and/ or management of services of complex control into said core network and in at least one of the elements thereof. Said system further includes means for opening said core network and at least one of the core network elements to at least one service, wherein said at least one service is an own service, an operator service, a third-party service, an Internet service, or any other service. Moreover, said system includes means for opening said core network and at least one element of said core network to at least one other digital network.


Mocaf is a derivative product of cassava flour obtained by modifying cassava with the fermentation process. This study aimed to determine the differences in the sensory properties of two types of modified cassava flour, namely wikau maombo flour and flour that was fermented by yeast for tape making. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) to assess the differences in panelist responses to the quality of modified flour. The results showed that the panelist preferred the flour from tape yeast fermentation than the wikau maombo flour. The most preferred flour had a color score of 3.14 (yellowish white color category), aroma rating of 3.06 (typical cassava aroma category), and texture rating of 3.57 (fine texture category).


As a consequence of the recent establishment of a deep third minimum in the potential energy surface of actinide isotopes the existence of short‐lived fission isomers in light actinides is predicted. A search was started in 234U using a geometrical projection method and nuclear track detectors. Excitation functions were measured, based on the known 3.8 ns fission isomer in 240Pu as reference. Preliminary results indicate the existence of a new isomer in 234U (t1/2 ∼ 87(17) ps), however a confirmation with an optimized target technology is in progress.


Thief zone is defined as top gas or water formations in a bitumen reservoir. It can cause a significant heat loss and result in the less production efficiency during SAGD process by obstructing growth of heated chamber. Furthermore, it can reduce recovery factor due to melted bitumen flow to thief zones. This paper suggests a SAGD with N2 injection for more efficient method rather than conventional LP-SAGD method in oil sand reservoir with thief zones. Injected gas enables a steam chamber not to be communicated with thief zones. This study analyzes production performance of the SAGD with N2 injection method comparing to conventional LP-SAGD method by reservoir simulations. It improved oil productions compared to the conventional LP-SAGD by increasing cumulative oil production and decreasing cSOR. In conclusions, the suggested method shows a commercial potential to develop an oil sand reservoir.


Background Conflicting evidence exists regarding relationships among sitting posture, factors that influence sitting posture, and back pain. This conflicting evidence may partially be due to the presence of multiple and overlapping factors associated with both sitting posture and back pain. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of slump in sitting was associated with sex and other physical, lifestyle, or psychosocial factors. Additionally, the relationship between the report of back pain made worse by sitting and the degree of slump in sitting and other physical, lifestyle, or psychosocial factors was investigated. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Adolescents (n=1,596) completed questionnaires to determine lifestyle and psychosocial profiles and the experience of back pain. Sagittal sitting posture, body mass index (BMI), and back muscle endurance (BME) were recorded. Standing posture subgroup categorization was determined. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant factor associated with the degree of slump in sitting was male sex, followed by non-neutral standing postures, lower perceived self-efficacy, lower BME, greater television use, and higher BMI. Multivariable analysis indicated poorer Child Behaviour Checklist scores were the strongest correlate of report of back pain made worse by sitting, whereas degree of slump in sitting, female sex, and BME were more weakly related. Limitations Causality cannot be determined from this cross-sectional study, and 60% of sitting posture variation was not explained by the measured variables. Conclusions Slump in sitting was associated with physical correlates, as well as sex, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors, highlighting the complex, multidimensional nature of usual sitting posture in adolescents. Additionally, this study demonstrated that a greater degree of slump in sitting was only weakly associated with adolescent back pain made worse by sitting after adjustment for other physical and psychosocial factors.


The emerging of real-time telecommunication systems over low bandwidth channels enforces constraints on the transmitted data rate and it also needs an optimum speech quality at received destination, so many standards of hybrid speech coding techniques are being developed. Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) hybrid speech coding was being utilized and optimized in the current work, Firstly, a CS-ACELP frame analysis with MATLAB SIMULINK model was implemented and its corresponding DSP based C++ code was generated too. Then additional optimizations were done, then, a CS-ACELP encoder/decoder with International telecommunication union (ITU) MATLAB CS-ACELP code was developed, and then MEX tool was used to generate C++ files that could compile and run it into desktop PCs. This desktop application is helpful in chat applications that require low bandwidth over the Internet and low connection speed. The performance of both DSP and Desktop implementations are evaluated using different quality evaluation tests. These tests are segmented signal-to-noise ratio (seg-SNR), log-likelihood ratio (LLR), mean opinion score (MOS) and praat software, The results showed that the optimizations done in the MATLAB Simulink work decreased the processing time by 8.564 us and reduced the used memory by 8% with acceptable speech quality.


The invention relates to a medical instrument, in particular to a disk-type negative pressure drainage apparatus. The disk-type negative pressure drainage apparatus comprises a liquid storage tank, a drainage tube mounted on the liquid storage tank and a negative pressure tube; the negative pressure tube is connected with a negative pressure generator; the negative pressure generator comprises a fixed disk and a movable disk which are coaxially arranged; both the fixed disk and the movable disk are disk bodies which are vertically arranged; the fixed disk is fixedly arranged; the movable disk is rotatably arranged at the front side of the fixed disk; a negative pressure switching-in hole connected with the negative pressure tube is formed at the upper end of the fixed disk; an exhaust hole is formed at the lower end of the fixed disk; an upper negative pressure hole, a lower negative pressure hole, a lower air hole and an upper air hole are correspondingly formed on the movable disk; an upper shell and a lower shell are arranged at the front side of the movable disk. The disk-type negative pressure drainage apparatus is driven by a liquid gravity, does not require electric energy, is long in negative pressure duration, is stable in pressure and is high in reliability.


In the present investigation, effect of pure green tea catechin, (+)-catechin hydrate was studied on plasma uric acid, plasma nitrite, cardiac lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and cardiac antioxidant enzymes in high sucrose high fat diet fed rats for a period of 12 weeks. Our results indicate that feeding high sucrose high fat diet resulted in the development of oxidative stress in rats and (+)-catchin hydrate has antioxidant effect. High sucrose high fat diet decreased plasma uric acid and increased plasma nitrite levels. Further lipid peroxidation increased and reduced glutathione levels decreased in heart of high sucrose high fat diet fed rats. Activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST, GR and GPx) was significantly reduced in high sucrose high fat fed rats. Catechin supplementation improved plasma uric acid and nitrite levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. Further there was normalization in reduced Glutathione levels and activities of cardiac antioxidant enzymes upon administration of (+)-catechin hydrate. It can be concluded that high sucrose high fat diet produces oxidative stress in rats and administration of catechin is helpful to combat oxidative stress.


In the present study two analytical methods are applied to characterize chert artefacts and raw materials from northeastern Bulgaria (Ludogorie region): petrographic observation and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Archaeological samples from 12 Chalcolithic sites from Bulgaria are analyzed as well as raw material from 6 outcrops in northeastern Bulgaria are identified and documented during a survey in 2012 when many raw material samples were collected. The chert raw material mostly occurs in various Quaternary secondary deposits, originating from destruction and disintegration of the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) limestones in the area. The paper is aimed at tracing the provenance of the artefacts based on their petrographic characteristics and geochemical composition. The archaeological evidence shows a wide distribution of the Ludogorie chert throughout the country. On the basis of micropetrographic observations, Gurova and Nachev (2008) described two main chert types (Ravno and Kriva Reka). Our petrographic study confirmed the previous results and an additional chert type was distinguished, originating from primary and secondary deposits (quarries in Koprivetz and Krasen villages) and is represented by silicified limestones (bioclastic-peloidal packstones or grainstones). It is noteworthy that the first two types of chert were largely used for prehistoric artefact manufacturing while the last one is not attested among studied assemblages at all.


HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in Ethiopia by Walelign M. Kassahun MSW, Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2013 MPH, Gondar University, 2006 BSN, Jimma University, 2001 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public Health Walden University February 2019 Abstract Many researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIVMany researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIV prevalence and donor funding levels, analyzing how the 2 are correlated, and opportunities to improve responses. Using the proximate determinant framework, the research questions examined the changes in HIV prevalence in Ethiopia during the past 10 years; the association between the trends of HIV prevalence, funding levels, and services provided; and the effect of different characteristics on the trend of the prevalence. A paired sample t-test, time series forecasting, Pearson correlation, chisquare test, and multiple regression were employed using a secondary data of sampled 1,067 people from the Demographic and Health Surveys and data from donors. Results indicated that the change in prevalence was statistically significant (t [10] = 4.59, p = .001), and correlated with the funding levels(r (10) = .635*, p = .027), a significant relationship between funding level and type of services, χ2 (2, N = 1067) = 1425.7, p <.001 and a significant regression equation to predict HIV prevalence (F (9, 1056) = 12.639, p < .001). The results from this study could be used to inform the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and HIV project implementers to plan for domestic sustainable financing initiatives, invest based upon evidence-based HIV prevention strategies that could most directly impact quality of life and guide future research. HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in Ethiopia by Walelign M. Kassahun MSW, Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2013 MPH, Gondar University, 2006 BSN, Jimma University, 2001 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public Health Walden University February 2019 Dedication I dedicate this work to my family for their endurance during the busy time I had during the entire period of this study. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to show my gratitude to my advisor Dr. Patrick Jude Dunn, committee chairperson of the Health Sciences faculty of Walden University for his unreserved support and quick turnaround times regarding reviewing any modifications throughout the study period. His advice for my research helped the success of my project. I would also like to pay my regards to Dr. Jeanne L. Connors, committee member of the Health Sciences faculty for her valuable help during my research. Without the support from both of them, my journey at Walden University would not have reached this level. I would also like to extend my special thanks to all organizations that assisted me to access secondary data for this study from their databases. Without the cooperation of these organizations, my effort would not have been realized. I would also like to thank my friend, Tadesse Girma, who is living in the US for his support to facilitate the transfer of my tuition fee to Walden University using his credit card; otherwise, it was impossible to make a money wire transfer directly from my country to US. My appreciation and dedication goes to all staff of Walden University for their unreserved support throughout the coursework. I would like to thank those whom I might have overlooked, but contributed to this research in one way or the other.


A new algorithm for variable ordering of binary decision diagram (BDD) is presented. The algorithm is based on a novel formulation of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) employing three dynamic GA parameters: population size, mutation rate and stop criteria. Test results using LGSynth93 benchmark circuits show that the new algorithm offers considerable improvements on large circuits when compared with previously published results.


For those, who measure the length of their lives in numbers of experiences instead of years lived; for those, who strive to pack the knapsack of their lives optimally, maximizing its utility. Interfaces can help to go beyond the traditional trio of body, mind, and spirit serving as doors connecting them. These doors, however, could allow for an unauthorized entry and pose threat to our safety, if not designed or protected properly. This science fiction prototype allows the reader to peep through one of the doors, imprudently left opened by someone from the era of Halls - the era that followed the times of virtual reality, computer games, and the Internet.


In this paper,sol-gel method is applied to the preparation of SPME fibers with polyethylene glycol 20000(PEG-20M) coating.The surfaces of glass,capillary,fused-silica fiber are coated with sol-gel layer through chemical bond.Chemical reactions in sol-gel process are described.Preparation conditions for sol-gel and processing parameters of sol-gel coating preparation,such as component proportion and operating temperature are put emphasis on.Single factor and orthogonal test methods are applied for prescription selection of different preparation parameters.According to the extraction efficiency,the optimum conditions are obtained.


1. On Taking Another Look 2. One Self: a Meditation on the Unity of Consciousness 3. What Is Your Substance, Whereof Are You Made? 4. Speaking for Our Selves: an Assessment of Multiple Personality 5. Love Knots 6. The Uses of Consciousnes 7. Farewell, Thou Art Too Dear for My Possessing* 8. Great Expectations: the Evolutionary Psychology of Faith Healing and the Placebo Effect 9. Scientific Shakespeare 10. How to solve the Mind Body Problem 11. The Privitization of Sensation 12. Mind in Nature 13. Cave Art, Autism and the Evolution of the Human Mind 14. The Deformed Transformed 15. Varieties of Altruism and the Common Ground between Them 16. Bugs and Beasts before the Law 17. The Number of the Beast 18. Behold the Man 19. Tall Stories from Little Acorns Grow 20. Hello Aquarius 21. What Shall We Tell the Children? 22. Arms and the Man 23. Death in Tripoli 24. Follow my leader


A 6-week-old boy with projectile non-bilious vomiting is diagnosed with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). His parents are advised that surgical pyloromyotomy is the gold standard treatment for their son's condition, yet they are not keen for him to have an operation and a general anaesthetic. When looking for alternatives, you come across medical therapy of IHPS with atropine. You wonder if this treatment really works?

In a 3-week-old infant with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis [patient], does therapy with atropine [intervention] achieve sufficient resolution of the condition so as to avoid the need for surgical pyloromyotomy [outcome]?

### Secondary sources

None.

### Primary sources

We searched the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, using the search criteria 'pyloric stenosis' and 'atropine', and limiting the results to 'children'. These searches retrieved 41 individual articles, 14 of which were initially considered relevant. However, four studies were subsequently excluded from further analysis as they provided insufficient data on patient characteristics, treatment dosage or duration of treatment. The remaining 27 publications were excluded as they were review articles or concerned atropine use in an anaesthetics context. Further searches of SumSearch and TripDatabase did not retrieve any additional publications. The  10 selected articles are summarised in table 2.

View this table:

Table ▪
Can a conservative approach to the treatment of hypertrophic pyloric …


whether polysaccharide the stalk residue structure bioactivities fruit-body in the present study, we purified the polysaccharide from stalk residue of Pleurotus eryngii , determined the chemical characterization, and evaluated the antitumor and antioxidant activities. On particular, the strain of Pleurotus eryngii that was adopted and preparation of mushroom polysaccharide has been described in detail, so as to keep the consistency with previous literatures and avoid contradictory. The results of this study will be helpful to explore this huge quantity of stalk residue as an inexpensive source of functional mushroom polysaccharide. Abstract The structural characterization and bioactivities of a polysaccharide from the stalk residue of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated. Firstly the stalk residue of P. eryngii was collected from the top portion of spent mushroom substrate and processed to yield water-soluble polysaccharide. Subsequently this crude polysaccharide was purified by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-6B size-exclusion chromatography. Then its structural features were investigated by gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), methylation analysis, and Fourier Transform Onfrared Spectrum (FT-OR). The results showed that it was heteropolysaccharide and mainly composed of glucose (82.4%). The backbone of P-2a mainly consisted of 1, 3-linked (42.7%) and 1, 6-linked (35.5%) glucose residues. Besides, in vitro antioxidant assay showed that P-2a exerted a high scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and in vitro antitumor assay showed it had a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect against human gastric MGC-803 cancer cells & human epithelial Hela cancer cells. The findings of this study suggested that the polysaccharide extracted from the stalk residue has the similar structure and bioactivities as that from fruit-body of the mushroom. Ot could be potentially used as a natural source for the development of health-care food. Application:


Abstract The vertical movement patterns of eight Swordfish Xiphias gladius from 109- to 249-cm lower jaw fork length in the western North Atlantic were studied utilizing pop-up archival transmitting tags. Deployments ranged from 120 to 151 d. Swordfish demonstrated significant differences in depth and temperature distributions between daytime and nighttime periods. Individual Swordfish behavior was characterized by occupying surface waters of less than 100 m during the night and depths greater than 400 m during daytime hours, vertical movements between the surface and depth occurring during crepuscular hours. The maximum depth recorded was 1,448 m (one of the deepest recorded depths for the species). Daytime surfacing behavior was seen in all tagged Swordfish, a rare finding for Swordfish in tropical latitudes. A dominant diurnal period of 1 cycle/d was found from a power spectral density analysis of five of the tagged Swordfish, a novel method for determining periodicity in the behavior of tagged animals...


Polyoxymethylene (POM) is an important plastic with very good properties. However, its poor impact strength limits its applications. Theoretical and experimental studies have confirmed that thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can effectively enhance the notched impact strength of POM. This paper reports that the notched impact strength of POM/TPU blends can be further improved when these blends are endowed with a fine morphology by changing the viscosity ratio of TPU to POM (P = ηTPU/ηPOM) during processing. The experimental results show that the viscosity of TPU is more sensitive to temperature than that of POM, and that the viscosity ratio P decreases with increasing temperature; also for quite a wide range of shear rate, P is close to 1 when the processing temperature (Tp) is around 190 °C. Accordingly, the phase structure of POM/TPU blends changes with P. The dispersed phase of TPU shows ellipsoidal morphology when P > 1 at Tp 190 °C. The results suggest that the filamental morphology endows POM/TPU (90/10) blends with the highest notched impact strength (∼14 kJ m−2). Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper forms part of a larger project examining governance 'beyond the regulatory state'. Three core assumptions of the regulatory state movement are scrutinized using theoretical and empirical literatures which challenge one or more of these central ideas: regulation is instrumental in character; the state is necessarily central to regulatory governance; state law is a central instrument of regulatory governance. Each of these assumptions has a descriptive and a normative dimension, both of which are assessed in the critique. The objective of the analysis is not wholly to dispense with the assumptions but rather to act as a corrective to an influential literature which, because of its neglect of the non-instrumental dimension of regulation, non-state regulation and regulation which deploys non-state law, is, incomplete in its mapping of regulatory governance arrangements. This paper focuses on one aspect of the critique concerning the centrality of state law to regulation. It argues for shifting the focus of analysis from state law to the wider range of norms and mechanisms through control is asserted or achieved, however indirectly. The exercise is complementary to policy moves towards 'alternatives to state regulation' (Better Regulation Task Force 2000). The approach constitutes something of a mirror-image to those who are arguing that the centrality of the state is too little rather than too much assumed (Weiss 1998). The question at the heart of this paper is to what to extent can we or should we think of regulatory governance functioning in a manner not dependent on state law or which state law is not central (cf Black 2001a) 2. Regulation and Control Regulation scholars have not, generally, been agreed on what the target of their research should be. Economic theories of regulation have tended to follow economic thinking generally in positing a sharp distinction between markets and regulation (Daintith 1997: 8-9). On this analysis the state provides basic rules of contract and property rights which are essential to the transactional basis of a capitalist economy and regulation is deployed where the market is judged to fail, for example because of natural monopoly, information problems or externalities (Baldwin and Cave 1999: chapter 2). Hayek (1982: vol 1: 51) 3 characterised markets as a form of 'spontaneous order', amenable to improvement through fine tuning of the general rules of law, but in which specific interventions or commands would destroy the balance of the market ordering. Regulators could never know …


Samosir Island is known as the tourism center of Lake Toba Region that is managed based on DMO concept in 2010-2015. This study aims to identify the profile and tourism attractiveness  of Samosir Island, and toidentify and analyze the role of stakeholders through DMO. The researcher used descriptive methods, and used primary and secondary data collected by observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that most of the tourism activities on Samosir Island are related to Batak culture so that local community has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of attractions. There has not been found any good cooperation relations between the government, local communities, and the private sector in the development of Samosir Island tourism. Local communities choose to manage resources especially cultural sites independently. Similar conditions are also found in the private sector where business activities have not been running wuth an appropriate management strategy. Lack of continous control by the local government causes a decrease in the quality of service providers related attractions, amenities, and accessibility.


Thank you for a letter about our recent study. It has been known that the infection of Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for causing gastro-duodenal ulcer (GDU) and that its eradication can decrease the recurrence of GDU [1]. However, it is controversial whether all patients should undergo H. pylori tests and eradication with some reasons. First, elderly patients may not need H. pylori tests and eradication because of mortality caused by the presence of other diseases. Second, eradication of H. pylori has some adverse event (e.g., renal dysfunction, Clostridium difficile colitis and dementia). Third, there is a concern on the increase of medical care costs for administering eradication therapy. As the population ages, increasing medical care cost is becoming a social burden, especially in developed countries. Despite improvements in the standard of health care, upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is still a life-threatening disease, which sometimes requires intensive care, and it has a settled impact for medical care cost. Therefore, physicians should attend to prevent the onset or recurrence of UGIB also from the point of view of medical economy. According to our data, the history of GDU is an important risk factor to decide the necessity of endoscopic intervention in patients with UGIB [2]. Therefore, we thought that patients with GDU that needed endoscopic intervention should undergo H. pylori tests. This kind of prevention of GDU for appropriate cases would lead to reduction of medical care cost in UGIB. As described above, the accurate diagnosis for H. pylori infection is required, considering the cost-effective aspect. Japanese guidelines of H. pylori infection recommended that physicians diagnose the infection of H. pylori using results of multitests with appreciation about property of each test [3]. As you mentioned, a flexible response would contribute to the improvement of diagnostic yield of H. pylori and reduction of medical care cost in UGIB patients in your country.


Objective To compare the relative motor blocking potencies of intrathecal levobubivacaine,ropivacaine and bupivacaine.Methods ED50 was determined by up-down sequential method.Ninety ASA I or II elderly patients undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving intrathecal 0.5% levobupivacine,ropivacaine and bubivacaine,respectively.The initial dose was 5 mg and the testing interval was set at 1 mg.Efficacy was determined by the occurrence of any motor block in either lower limb(modified Bromage scale≥1)within 20 min after the spinal injection.Results Intrathecal ED50 for motor block was 5.483 mg for levobupivacine,7.516 mg for ropivacaine,and 4.277 mg for bupivacaine.Conclusion There is a clinical profile of potency for motor block when administered spinally:high,intermediate,and low for bupivacaine,levobupivacaine and ropivacaine,respectively.


In 1965 life expectancy in the USSR began to decrease. Initially this was regarded as a minor and transient fluctuation of little significance. However by the mid-1970s both scholars and the Soviet authorities alike realized that the unfavourable trend was real and could last longer. In 1974 the Soviet government started to restrict the mortality data that was released such that by 1976 publication of these data in the public domain ceased entirely. This was justified as being politically desirable given the ongoing ideological struggle with imperialism. These developments came under intense scrutiny by Nick Eberstadt in his article Health Crisis in the USSR published in The New York Review in February 1981. The article was based on a few earlier studies evaluating mortality levels and trends in the Soviet Union over the 1950-70s from fragmentary statistical data. The most important of these-Christopher Davis and Murray Feshbachs book Rising Infant Mortality in the USSR in the 1970s was published in September 1980. This provided convincing evidence that the increase in the Soviet infant mortality between 1970 and 1977 was real and that official infant mortality rates were underestimated by about 15%. In addition it documented a significant increase in mortality of adults and a decline in life expectancy. Eberstadts article was written as a review of Davis and Feshbachs book although it goes far beyond the issues raised by Davis and Feshbach. Using numerous sources on a wide variety of features of Soviet society including its history economy and finances ideology health system alcohol consumption and other things he provided an extraordinarily accurate account of the Soviet-Russian health crisis and outlined its driving forces. The main points of the article can be summarized as follows. (excerpt)


This study aims to analyzing the impact of change in local tax rate upon the change of the incentive system in the general revenue sharing and the Raising Local Share Tax Rate. As the result, The introduction of the incentive system is showed the decreased result of the Metropolitan City Tax rate, the City Tax rate, the County Tax rate, the District Tax rate. The Raising Local Share Tax Rate is showed the increased result of the Metropolitan City Tax rate, the City Tax rate, the District Tax rate. The County Tax rate was not affected it. But the Province Tax rate was not affected the change of two institutions. Based on these results, The policy implications of this study are as follows. First, it needs to be improved the visual the incentive system in the general revenue sharing. Second, it needs to improve the easy calculating method of the Revenue Sharing for the general public because it was complicated Third, it needs to extend of the local Income & consumption tax and to raise the ratio of the Flexibility Tax-Rate.


The number of classification rules discovered in associative classification is typically quite large. In addition, these rules contain redundant information since classification rules are obtained from mined frequent itemsets and the latter are known to be repetitive. In this paper we investigate through an empirical study the performance of associative classifiers when the classification rules are generated from frequent, closed and maximal itemsets. We show that maximal itemsets substantially reduce the number of classification rules without jeopardizing the accuracy of the classifier. Our extensive analysis demonstrates that the performance remains stable and even improves in some cases. Our analysis using cost curves also provides recommendations on when it is appropriate to remove redundancy in frequent itemsets.


The implementation of Comprehensive Competency Based Guidance (CCBG) programs at the elementary level in Arizona has not been as rapid as program installation at middle and high school levels because of the relatively few elementary school counselors in Arizona and because the CCBG training made available to secondary school counselors through Carl Perkins funds has not been available to elementary school counselors. In spite of these obstacles, exciting CCBG programs have been started in several districts, namely, the Sierra Vista School District, the Tucson Unified School District (TUSD), and the Sunnyside Unified School District #10.


In order to measure the dielectric permittivity of thin insulting layers, we developed a method based on electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) experiments coupled with numerical simulations. This method allows to characterize the dielectric properties of materials without any restrictions of film thickness, tip radius and tip-sample distance. The EFM experiments consist in the detection of the electric force gradient by means of a double pass method. The numerical simulations, based on the equivalent charge method (ECM), model the electric force gradient between an EFM tip and a sample, and thus, determine from the EFM experiments the relative dielectric permittivity by an inverse approach. This method was validated on a thin SiO2 sample and was used to characterize the dielectric permittivity of ultrathin poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene films at two temperatures.


Empirical research to assist health professionals in the development of group therapy models, to guide treatment differentiation, and to enhance the understanding of group processes for patients with personality disorders is advancing slowly. Recent efforts to investigate the relationship between group process variables and outcomes are therefore valuable contributions. Important studies have been published on comprehensive treatment programmes, relying heavily on group therapies, for the more severely disturbed patients.


Attraction-end choice studies have primarily focused on nonurban recreational trips or nonrecreational urban trips. Relatively little attention has been focused in the literature on urban recreational trips. However, urban recreational trips are contributing increasingly to overall urban travel. Attraction-end choice models for home-based urban recreational trips are examined. A nonlinear-in-parameters multinomial logit model is estimated using the 1996 Dallas–Fort Worth household activity survey. The effects of level-of-service, zonal attribute, trip attribute, and socio-demographic variables on recreational attraction-end choice are examined, and the implications of the results for land use, transportation planning, and air quality analysis are discussed.


Usually $Z_2$ topological insulators are protected by time reversal symmetry. Here, we present a new type of $Z_2$ topological insulators in a cubic lattice which is protected by a novel hidden symmetry, while time reversal symmetry is broken. The hidden symmetry has a composite antiunitary operator consisting of fractional translation, complex conjugation, sublattice exchange, and local gauge transformation. Based on the hidden symmetry, we define the hidden-symmetry polarization and $Z_2$ topological invariant to characterize the topological insulators. The surface states have band structures with odd number of Dirac cones, where pseudospin-momentum locking occurs. When the hidden-symmetry-breaking perturbations are added on the boundaries, a gap opens in the surface band structure, which confirms that the topological insulator and the surface states are protected by the hidden symmetry. We aslo discuss the realization and detection of this new kind of $Z_2$ topological insulator in optical lattices with ultracold atom techniques.


This study looks at the stories that foster carers and the young people in their care jointly construct as they engage in discussion about their relationship. The research aimed to explore both the meanings that they hold regarding the development of this relationship and the patterns of contributions they make as they engage in their conversations. Four dominant narrative themes emerged: talking being central; the relationship and placement being different to expectations; being included like family, now and always; and sharing laughter through normal experiences. Analysis of the conversations showed that the foster carers made extensive use of 'imputation questions' – speaking for the young person in an attempt to prompt them to talk. However, these questions typically had the opposite effect to 'invitation questions' that enabled more extended interactions and joint storytelling. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for future research on fostering relationships and foster carer training.


FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: method provisions the measurement of the magnetic field induction above the pipeline centreline and the pipeline depth with a certain step selected in view of the pipeline depth, the location of the sources of magnetic field anomalies is determined. From the design or operational documentation the additional information on the location of circular welding joints is obtained, and by calculations the magnetic field induction generated by the pipeline elements, limited by circular welding joints, is determined. By the deviation of the values obtained after the measurement the magnetic field induction of the pipeline from the design values the defects are identified. EFFECT: improvement of reliability of detection of defects of buried pipeline metal without excavation. 1 tbl, 4 dwg


The process to predict the values of the maintenance time dependent variable parameters such as mean time between failures (MTBF) over time must be one that will not in turn introduce uncontrolled deviation in the results of the ILS analysis such as life cycle cost spares calculation, etc. A minor deviation in the values of the maintenance time dependent variable parameters such as MTBF over time will have a significant impact on the logistics resources demands, International Space Station availability, and maintenance support costs. It is the objective of this report to identify the magnitude of the expected enhancement in the accuracy of the results for the International Space Station reliability and maintainability data packages by providing examples. These examples partially portray the necessary information hy evaluating the impact of the said enhancements on the life cycle cost and the availability of the International Space Station.


Using GSM-R technology in railway shunting operation can be useful to overcome many shortcomings in traditional 400 MHz wireless communication,achieve simultaneous transmission of both the speech sound and railway shunting instruction,fulfill paperless transmission of railway shunting work ticket,meet the requirement of comprehensive automation in railway marshaling station,improve work efficiency and ensure the safety in production.This paper,focusing on the special situation of railway lines in the Xinfengzhen marshalling station,proposed that there should be the fiber optic repeater plus delay module technology used for field intensity coverage in this marshaling station.It is proved by practice that the problems of frequency interference and multi-pass interference between the Xinfengzhen marshalling station and the Zhengzhou- Xi'an railway passenger dedicated line can be solved by using wireless network planning,simulation test and other relevant methods.


Geoscients who believe that a study of history is extremely valuable will enjoy this volume. It contains case histories of both exploration triumphs and breakthrough concepts. Fascinating stories of early discoveries, landmark technologies, and modern innovation are told by authors with privileged glimpses into critical thought processes. The 17 papers in the book include: A history of oil production in California; Subtlety of the east Texas field; Methane from coalbeds; Giant gas fields of Saudi Arabia; and History of a new play–Thunder Horse discovery, deepwater Gulf of Mexico.


A wet clutch test rig has been built to examine the characteristics of engagements of wet clutch plates. Results show that the drive torque has a major effect on the engagement and should therefore ...


Faba beans and peas were compared as spring sown whole-crop forages in two trials at Lough-gall. No herbicide, insecticide or N fertilizer was used. Harvesting took place at the end of July. As pure stands, tic beans (cv. Blaze) yielded up to 10 t of dry matter (DM) ha−1. Lower yields were obtained at lower seed rates, or with horse beans (cv. Stella Spring), broad beans (cv. Polar) or peas (cvs Minerva and Krupp). Tic and horse bean forage had a mean DM concentration of 166 g kg−1, which was higher than those of broad bean and peas. Crude protein (CP) concentration at a mean of 159 g kg−1 was similar in tic beans and peas. Faba beans mixed with cereals yielded less than beans alone, but peas with cereals yielded slightly more than peas alone. The inclusion of a cereal raised forage DM contents but lowered CP contents. Perennial ryegrass-white clover mixtures undersown in faba beans established well, but poorer swards were obtained in some of the pure pea stands which lodged severely. It is concluded that, as pure stands, tic beans have advantages over peas. Some of the disadvantages of peas can be overcome by growing a mixture of peas with cereals.


SUMMARY China's state-owned industrial forests, mostly in its Northeast region, are an important source of timber and environmental services in the country. In this paper, we use a break-even price approach to project the long-term timber supply from the state-owned forests in Heilongjiang, the largest timber producing province in the region. Our results show that, at given prices and costs, future sustainable timber production could double the 2006 level and reach the historical high in a full rotation of 40–60 years. This indicates that the region is positioned towards a forest recovery after many decades of over-harvest and decline in mature forest stocks.


The lack of financial literacy, the low level of social skills, and the low self-confidence of Seruni Foundation children are the backgrounds of this service program being implemented. This program aims to provide training on developing and improving soft skills and financial skills for Seruni Foundation children. The specific target to be achieved is to be able to improve soft skills and financial skills in Seruni Foundation children such as having a spirit of competitiveness, adaptive and anticipatory, open to change, able to learn, skilled, easy to adapt to new technology, literate about finances and budgets and having a strong foundation of the ability to develop. The method used is to provide consultation and training. The parties involved in this program are consist of lecturers in the fields of finance and organizational behaviour, in collaboration with a foundation that manages the Seruni Foundation children for 14 hours divided into two days. With the training provided by the team, Seruni Foundation children have become more developed, more confident, understand how to manage finances properly and are able to compete in the business and industrial world


Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributor to cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. The objective of the present study is to examine the relationship of the closely knit risk factors of cardiovascular diseases that can coexist along with hypertension which are likely to influence the blood pressure levels among adults with a history of hypertension. This study was conducted to examine the risk factors of hypertension among 1640 adults aged 40 to 65 years with a history of hypertension in six hospitals specializing in cardiovascular disease in Madurai city. They were categorized according to the stage of hypertension based on JNC-7 criteria (2004). Background and dietary data were recorded using a structured interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and lipid profile were measured using standardized procedures. The findings of the present study revealed that vegetarianism could be more associated with normal or pre hypertension and non vegetarianism with stage I and stage II hypertension. Body weight and BMI of the adults also showed a correlating effect with the level of hypertension. Lifestyle pattern of the adults revealed that habits such as smoking, alcohol, tobacco and lack of exercise were more common among adults with higher levels of blood pressure. Adults with normal blood pressure had more favourable lipid levels when compared to the other groups. Best results in the prevention of chronic diseases can only be achieved by fully recognizing the essential role of diet, nutrition and physical activity along with managing various other principal risk factors for chronic disease, namely, tobacco use and alcohol consumption.


Clustering is one of the most fundamental and important problems in computer vision and pattern recognition communities. Maximum Margin Clustering(MMC) is a recently proposed clustering technique which has shown promising experimental results. The main theme behind MMC is to extend the standard maximum margin principle in Support Vector Machine (SVM) to the unsupervised scenario. This paper will consider the problem of maximum margin clustering on data manifolds. Specifically, we propose an approach called Manifold Regularized Maximum Margin clustering (MRMMC) which combines both the maximum margin data discrimination and data manifold information in a unified clustering objective and propose an efficient algorithm to solve it. Finally the experimental results on several real world data sets are presented to show the effectiveness of our method.


[%metadata%] Pope has brass neck of the year News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


This study measured the efficiency of the fourteen public health centers in Jeonbuk Province using the output-oriented data envelopment analysis(DEA) in order to analyze inefficiencies in local government bureaucracy. This paper measured efficiency scores adjusted for environmental variables such as population, area by local government, and the type of location, compared those scores with traditional efficiency scores not corrected for them, suggested scale efficiency scores, and conducted returns to scale(RTS) analysis. The method of controlling for environmental variables is that efficiency scores from the traditional DEA model based on traditional inputs and outputs are regressed against a set of environmental variables using Tobit regression and then statistically significant environmental variables are incorporated into the standard DEA model along with traditional inputs and outputs. Technical efficiency scores and pure technical efficiency scores adjusted for environmental variables in creased by about 21% and 15%, respectively, as compared with those scores not controlled for them. The implications of this article are as follows. First, the efficiency of local government bureaucracy such as public health centers needs to be analyzed by adjusting for environmental variables. Second, inefficient public health centers need to seek to operate at optimal scale by analyzing their scale efficiency and returns to scale.


To the Editor:

We read a recent article published in Stroke which dealt with postoperative cerebral infarction after surgery of intracranial aneurysms.1 The article contained shortcomings on which we are obligated to comment. Contrary to the authors' statement, there are several published articles on post-subarachnoid hemorrhage cerebral infarction mostly caused by either delayed cerebral ischemia or by aneurysm occlusion (with open surgery or endovascular occlusion).2–5 See also discussion sections of these articles for additional publications on this issue.

We have done serial CT and MRI …


Objective To observe the effects of severe burns on learning and memorizing ability,antioxidation ability and neuronal apoptosis in frontal lobe of rats.Methods Totally 50 mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group and burn injury group.Burn injury group was subdivided into 3,6,12 and 24 hours subgroups randomly according to the operation time.The learning and memorizing abilities were detected by Y-maze.The cortex of frontal lobe was obtained to do superoxide dismutase(SOD) detection and cerebral tissue water content measurement.Simultaneously,TUNEL immunopositive neurons of in frontal lobe were observed under light microscopy and quantitative analysis was performed by cell morphometric technique.Results The learning and memorizing abilities were significantly decreased as the time of injury prolonged(P0.05).The SOD was decreased while cerebral tissue water content and apoptotic neurons were increased(P0.05).Conclusion The burn injury can impair the learning and memorizing ability,increase the apoptotic neurons,which might be the secondary lesion of central nervous system.


Meeting in Lisbon, Portugal on May 3rd 2006, the board of directors of the International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) endorsed the recommendation of its executive that I be reappointed for a further (and final under the terms of the IPA constitution) four year term to serve as editor of International Psychogeriatrics from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2010. I accepted this offer with delight, so unless I get fired for misconduct, drop dead or resign early, readers and authors are stuck with me until the end of the decade. As we strive to further develop and improve the journal this is an appropriate moment to reflect on what has changed since I took over at the start of 2003, report how the journal stands at present and indicate what developments may lie ahead.


Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in the elderly. The disease is characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of clinical picture, histologic pattern of the affected vessels, pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment selection strategies. Approximately half of GCA patients present with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), while 20% of PMR patients will develop GCA during follow-up. Organ or life-threatening complications of GCA, include vision loss, strokes, aneurysm formation and accelerated atherosclerosis. The clinical heterogeneity along with the increased relapse rate, even under treatment and the fact that ESR and C-Reactive Protein are the only laboratory tools for the assessment of active disease suggest that the definition of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value is an unmet need (1). Among the high throughput approaches towards this direction,1H NMR spectra of serum samples provides a direct, untargeted, and holistic metabolic profile offering a wealth of information that could be proved useful to discover outcome tools for the management of the disease (2).1. To characterize and compare the metabolic profile of GCA/PMR serum samples, as captured in 1H NMR spectra, in 3-time points: diagnosis, 1 and 6 months of treatment with steroids (remission), 2. evaluate whether 1H NMR-based metabolomics in serum from patients with GCA/PMR associate with response to treatment and 3. identify potential discriminatory serum metabolic profiles correlating with disease activity.One-hundred and ten serum samples from 50 consecutive patients (33-GCA and 17-PMR) were evaluated in the study. GCA serum samples consisted of 33 naïve, 22 in 1 and 21 after 6 months of treatment (25 females, mean age 73.0 ± 7.6 years and 8 males, mean age 69.5 ± 4.9 years), while PMR of 15 naive, 10 in 1st and 8 respectively (9 females, mean age 65.0 ± 5.3 years and 8 males, mean age 77.0 ± 6.6 years). The serum metabolic profiles of patients were obtained at a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer and analysed by means of uni- and multivariate statistical methods.Multivariate analysis showed metabolic differences between GCA/PMR patients in activity and in remission using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA: R2X= 0.698, Q2= 0.561) and supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA: R2X= 0.596, Q2= 0.219) (Figure 1). In accordance with univariate analysis (p<0.05), the following discriminatory metabolites were identified: N-acetyl glycoproteins, 3-hydroxybutyric acid and phenylalanine were increased in inflammation, while cholines, lipoproteins, and lipids were decreased in these patients.Figure 1.(A) PLS-DA scores plot and (B) S-plot from OPLS-DA of 1H NMR profiling of GCA/PMR serum samples before treatment (green dots) and after 1 (red dots) and 6 months (black dots) of treatment. Characteristic metabolites in inflammation and remission are annotated and the corresponding p-values are given. PLS-DA: partial least square discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA: orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.1H NMR-based serum metabolomics revealed a clear discrimination of GCA/PMR metabolic profiles before (active inflammation) and after treatment with steroids (remission), suggesting that the metabolomic analysis may serve as a useful tool to identify potential biomarkers related to disease activity in both GCA and PMR, as well as give further insights into pathogenetic mechanisms mediating the inflammatory response. Further validation studies to dissect the clinical value of specific metabolites are ongoing in our laboratory.[1]Robinette ML et al. Front Immunol 2021[2]Emwas A-M et al., Metabolites 2019None declared.


Summary

'Menyanthes microsperma', an unknown seed from the Gort (Hoxnian) Interglacial deposit, Ireland, is a species of Nymphoides, probably the North American species N. cordata (Ell.) Fern.


New Hofmann type clathrates in the form of M(4-Phpy) 2 Ni(CN) 4 .2G (where 4-Phpy = 4-phenylpyridine, G = 1,4-dioxane and M = Ni, Co and Cd) have been prepared in powder form and their FT-IR and Raman spectra have been reported. The results suggest that these compounds are similar in structure to the Hofmann type clathrates and their structures consist of polymeric layers of |M-Ni(CN) 4 | ∞ with the 4-Phpy bound to the metal (M) atom. KEY WORDS : Hofmann type clathrates, Vibrational spectra, 4-Phenylpyridine, 1,4-Dioxane Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010 , 24(3), 375-381.


Residual levels of orally administered gentamicin (GM) in the calf kidney were serially determined using the renal biopsy technique. Twelve male calves were given GM per os 1 mg(potency)/kg of body weight twice a day for a week. Three calves were used for serial biopsy which was carried out at 3 hr and 3, 10 and 15 days after the final drug administration. Two calves were sacrificed to collect the kidney samples at each time mentioned above. The renal GM concentration was determined with gentamicin RIA kit, with which more than 95% of GM added was recovered from the renal tissue in vitro and the concentration less than 0.05 μg(potency)/g was detectable in 20 mg of the tissue sample. There was no difference between the renal concentration of GM in the biopsied samples and the samples from the animals sacrificed immediately after the biopsy. The time courses of the decrease in renal drug concentrations were monoexponential in both the serially biopsied samples and the samples from the sacrificed animals. These results suggested that the biopsy technique might have a value for prediction of the withdrawal time of drugs in the food producing animals.


Climate describes the temperature, precipitation and other weather condition. Climate modification by the progressive warming of the atmosphere resulting from the concerted action of several factors, both natural and anthropic favours the diminution of precipitations at soil level, corroborated with the increase of temperatures. The climate became a constraining factor in the growth and development of crops, its influence being pregnant both in the allocation and use of water resources in agriculture. The phenomena of dryness and drought represent a natural aspect of the continental climate that manifest in the South-East part of Romania. The present study refers to the influence of weather factors and the need of irrigation in the county Brăila.


ABSTRACT. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia has a long and intriguing scientific history with the mosquito Culex pipiens; indeed, the full name of the bacteria (Wolbachia pipientis Hertig) comes from its discovery in this mosquito in the early 1920's. In this talk, I will review the discovery of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens, the discovery of the reproductive manipulation known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and the ultimate experiments linking Wolbachia to this phenotype almost 50 years after the initial discovery of the bacteria. I will also detail more recent research detailing the interaction between Wolbachia and the population biology of this mosquito. Finally, I will discuss the impact of new genomic technologies on the role of Wolbachia on Culex biology and pathogen transmission. Copyright E 2012 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.


We studied the influence of in-line filtration with various types of filters on the delivery and distribution of particle diameter in the delivey of fat emulsion (10% and 20% Intralipos). The filtration rate of fat emulsion solely by gravity varied with the pore size (0.8 and 1.2 μm) and the materials (mixed esters of cellulose, posidyne nylon 66 and polyethersulfone of filters). The use of an IVEX-PF filter caused occlusion at the initial stage of infusion of fat emulsion. The filtration rate through TNA1 was much lower than those of the other 1.2 μm filters over the whole infusion period. This finding might be interpreted to occur due to the characteristics of the filter suface. IV-1200 and Nutrivex filters showed a higher and more stable filtration rate than the other 1.2 μm filters. The concentration and the average particle diameter and distribution of fat emulsion were not affected by the filtration through any of the filters examined. In conclusion, the fat emulsion could befiltered with 1.2 μmfilters solely by gravity and its phannaceutical stability was also sufficiently maintained during the filtration.


Several uncatalyzed and transition metal-catalyzed cross coupling reactions of the Grignard compounds 1c or 2c with propargylic or allylic halides were investigated. Fe(acac) 3 was the most effective catalyst for the preparation of allyl- and propargylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 7 and 5. In the latter case, the formation of the isomeric allenylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 6 was also observed. Stereoelectronic factors of substituents like a trimethylsilyl group as a directing group could be utilized for the formation of either 5 or 6. A number of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 15-21 with two substituents in the bridgehead positions were accessible by that route as well. In the case of the bis-allenyl compound 24c, an ene type reaction leading to the first known derivative of a [4.1.1]propella-«2,4»-diene 25 was observed. Base -catalyzed isomerisations of the propargylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 5 opened a new route to alkynylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 30-32


The Weierstrass theorem expresses an important property of real_valued function in mathematical analysis. It's proved that the determinant of a matrix is greater than zero by constructing a continuous real_valued function representing in the form of a matrix in a certain closed in_terval, and rendering this function meet the conditions of Weierstrass theorem in this interval. Thereby, some other useful conclusions are obtained.


Software testing is the most important task in software production and it takes a lot of time, cost and effort. Thus, we need to reduce these resources. Software Defect Prediction (SDP) mechanisms are used to enhance the work of SQA process through the prediction of defective modules, many approaches have been conducted by researchers in order to predict the fault-proneness modules. This paper proposed an approach for the SDP purpose, it employs two existed algorithms to have a high performance, that are the Bat-based search Algorithm (BA) for the feature selection process, and the Random Forest algorithm (RF) for the prediction purpose. This paper also has tested a number of feature selection algorithms and classifiers to see their effectiveness in this problem.


State centralized payment system is a market economy in order to meet community's attention to the needs of public financial management to put forward a full account of the various process monitoring of a new treasury management system.Countries rely on computer network technology,all funds deposited into the state treasury centralized payment account,the unit will need to purchase goods or pay the amount of labor required to pay to the state agency focused on the application,upon approval,in order to get proper funding.In many developed countries,the financial sector has taken such a form.With economic development,in order to meet the needs of society,China has also introduced a national centralized payment management system.Especially for non-tax revenue of the centralized payment reform led to heated debate.


Crystal-melt interface was investigated during Czochralski growth of SrLaGaO4 and SrLaΑIO4 crystals on (001) oriented seeds. Relations between the ratio of the core diameter, grown on (001) plane, and the crystal diameter, as a function of seed rotation speed were determined. It was confirmed that it is possible to control the core diameter during the crystal growth. A new module was introduced into the crystal growth controlling program. It enables to estimate the surface tension coefficient between crystal and melt at the beginning of crystallization. This value is then used to compute proper corrections for automatic weighting system. PACS numbers: 81.10.-h, 81.10.Fq, 47.20.Dr, 68.10.Cr


This article is about the didactic book as a source to research on Education History. It is considered possessing the desired values to be transmitted in such a historical period and at the same time it has a project of nation which is constructed by means of the school education. This article also understands that this kind of material is part of the universe of the school culture and that is the importance of using it to comprehend the school pratice in the educational instituions through the Education History. This article considers the production and commercialisation of the didactic book as elements to be examined in its organisation.


Structure and swelling dynamics of ultrathin films of CdS–polyacrylamide nanocomposite material were studied using gravimetric techniques and X‐ray reflectivity. Ultrathin films of the polymer and the nanocomposite were coated on hydrophilic Si(100) substrate using spin coating. The thickness of the composite films vary non‐monotonically with spinning speed and were found to lie in discrete "bands" of thicknesses separated by "forbidden regions" unlike pure polymer films. Modified internal structure of the coils due to polymer–particle interaction was found to play a significant role in describing the novel features of the nanocomposite films. To study the mass uptake, the films were exposed to the H2O vapour and the weights of the films were recorded as functions of exposure time. The observed non‐Fickian transport was explained in terms of alignment of free volume due to confinement of restricted polymer chains. To study swelling dynamics, the films were exposed to the H2O vapour and X‐ray reflectivity scans were collected as functions of exposure time. The swelling dynamics of the nanocomposite films were explained in terms of a model which takes into account the polymer‐particle interaction. A fraction of polymer segments that are in direct contact with the nanoparticles observed slower dynamics as compared to the free chain swelling. Larger values of excluded volume parameters corresponding to restricted segments as compared to the free segments were explained in terms of enhancement of monomer‐monomer interaction through particle attachment. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Hair cell mechanotransduction happens in tens of microseconds, involves forces of a few picoNewtons, and is mediated by nanometer-scale molecular conformational changes. As proteins involved in this process become identified and their high resolution structures become available, multiple tools are being used to explore their "single-molecule responses" to force. Optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy offer exquisite force and extension resolution, but cannot reach the high loading rates expected for high frequency auditory stimuli. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can reach these fast time scales, and also provide a unique view of the molecular events underlying protein mechanics, but its predictions must be experimentally verified. Thus a combination of simulations and experiments might be appropriate to study the molecular mechanics of hearing. Here I review the basics of MD simulations and the different methods used to apply force and study protein mechanics in silico. Simulations of tip link proteins are used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of this method.


Abstract Horsemint essential oil has many biological properties, such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, antifungal and antibacterial, which makes it used for medicinal, pharmaceutical and food purposes. Amino acid L-tyrosine has an active role in the physiology and production of essential oils. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the composition of horsemint essential oil in response to L-tyrosine applications. Horsemint plants treated with different doses of L-tyrosine (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg/L) as a foliar spray. The essential oil was isolated from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Plants treated with L-tyrosine at 450 mg/L resulted in the maximum amounts of dry aerial parts (65.8 g/plant), essential oil percentage (4.1%) and essential oil yield (1.7 g/plant) at first harvest. Carvone was the major component, while oxygenated monoterpenes were the major chemical class. The highest value of carvone (68.6%) was obtained with essential oil isolated from plants exposed to L-tyrosine at 150 mg/L during first harvest. Essential oil extracted from pants treated with 600 mg/L L-tyrosine gave the maximum amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (83.2%) at first harvest. This study ascertained that the subordination of horsemint plants to L-tyrosine doses led to variations in the content of its essential oil production and components, and this, in turn, affected its biological activity.


Key Points Stage I FL is a heterogeneous disease that has clear genomic and microenvironmental similarities with stage III/IV disease. Stage I FL can be classified into 3 clusters, 2 of which display different underlying oncogenic pathways compared with stage III/IV FL.


Healthcare professionals are uniquely placed to understand human suffering. They have the daily responsibility of witnessing it and attempting to halt it. However, the ways in which healthcare systems and wider social structures impact this suffering are seldom taught in a comprehensive manner to medical students in the UK. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) makes fundamental decisions (eg, what drugs to purchase, where to allocate funding, how to pay medical personnel) that powerfully impact human health. Students entering this system as trainees deserve to be properly educated in how it works.

Since its inception in 1948, the NHS has provided all Britons with universal access to healthcare.1 Yet, despite this free access at the point of care, entrenched socioeconomic inequities prevent health needs from being fulfilled; the greater the deprivation of an area, the poorer the outcomes, the more complex the health problems, and the higher the mortality and morbidity rates.2–8 Universal access to care alone is not ensuring that deprived populations have their health needs met, and there is a clear discrepancy between resource allocation and need across the socioeconomic spectrum.2 3

Resource allocation in the UK is a centralised and highly political process. Nevertheless, clinicians play an increasingly prominent role in local distribution.9 Since 2012, clinical commissioning groups have been in charge of locally apportioning centrally divided sums, to allow for greater responsiveness to specific population needs.9 With increasing recognition of the roles that general practitioners and consultants (senior hospital physicians) are performing in both the allocation of resources and service …


Objective To investigate imaging biomarkers of microperfusion in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Materials and Methods The CIN model was fabricated by administering indomethacin (10 mg/kg), L-NAME (15 mg/kg), and iopamidol (10 mL/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats. After 24 hours, CEUS was performed on CIN (n = 6) and control (n = 6) rats with sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue). From time-intensity curves obtained from the kidney arriving time (AT), acceleration time (AC), time to peak (TTP), and peak enhancement (PE) were measured and compared between the groups. After CEUS, the rats were sacrificed, and cell apoptosis markers were evaluated to confirm the development of CIN. Results Among CEUS parameters, AT (7.8 ± 1.6 vs. 4.2 ± 0.5 s, p = 0.002), AC (4.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.4 s, p = 0.002), and TTP (12.5 ± 2.9 vs. 6.2 ± 0.6 s, p = 0.002) were significantly prolonged in the CIN group compared to controls. PE was significantly higher in the control group than in the CIN group (17.1 ± 1.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.0 dB, p = 0.004). In kidney tissue, mRNA and protein levels of the apoptotic makers were significantly higher in the CIN group than in the control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002). Conclusion CEUS parameters can be used as imaging biomarkers for microperfusion in CIN. In rats with CIN, AT, AC, and TTP were significantly prolonged, while PE was significantly lower compared to controls.


Abstract:  The effect of a genetically modified eggplant line expressing oryzacystatin on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) was examined. The transgenic eggplant reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), the instantaneous rate of population increase (r), and the finite rate of population increase (λ) of both aphids species compared with a control eggplant line. The mean generation time (T) of the aphids was unaffected by the transgenic plants. Age‐specific mortality rates of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae were higher on transgenic plants. These results indicate that expression of oryzacystatin in eggplant has a negative impact on population growth and mortality rates of M. persicae and M. euphorbiae and could be a source of plant resistance for pest management of these aphids.


A study of public attitudes toward the Korean National Assembly was undertaken in 1973 as part of a larger survey of public perceptions of legislators and the legislature in developing countries. It showed that about half of the Korean citizens are generally familiar with the legislature, and that this group belongs to the more modern segment of Korean society. Public expectations regarding the legislature are somewhat contradictory, but there is considerable stress on legislators' responsiveness to constituency interests. Public support for the National Assembly is remarkably high. It is highest among citizens familiar with the Assembly and with their own legislators, and generally among citizens in the modern sector of society.


As a "national language" created by netizens collectively, Internet buzzwords are a symbolic epitome of social changes, an essential part of current Internet media culture, and an essential window for observing the dynamics of public thoughts, emotions and understanding changes in public social opinion. When onlookers and expression have become the way for the masses to live on the Internet, complex textual expressions have been discarded and replaced by highly condensed expressions. Such word-making methods are consistent with the requirements of language economics. Internet buzzwords are the product of netizens' language recreation. The essence of Internet buzzwords is a kind of public discourse that appears in the form of entertainment. It expresses netizens' concern about reality, builds up the social identity and discourse consensus of the netizens, and measures the discourse between official public opinion and private-public opinion. The governance of Internet buzzwords is a new subject of Internet new media governance.


CaO2 was synthesized at room temperature from Ca(OH)2 and H2O2 with the addition of stabilizer. The effects of the amount of water added, reaction time,the amount of stabilizer, the excessive coefficient of Ca(OH)2 on the purity and yield of the product were studied, and the optimum process condition was determined.The stability of the products was tested.


A lens holder driving device includes a lens holder for holding a lens assembly and a ring-shaped driving coil fixed to the lens holder. The lens holder has N bonded surfaces for bonding N areas of an inner surface of the driving coil to a tubular portion of the lens holder by means of an adhesive agent. At least one of the N bonded surfaces has a peeling inhibiting arrangement for inhibiting the driving coil from peeling from the lens holder after the N areas of the inner surface of the driving coil are bonded to the N bonded surfaces by means of the adhesive agent.


The amino terminal domain of the cytokine receptor homologous region (BN domainl; roughly 100 amino acid residues) in the receptor for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was produced by an Eschetichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion secretion system. The human BN (hBN) product was prepared from the fusion protein, by restriction protease factor Xa di_gestion, and was purified to near
homogeneity, using the mutant (hBN-C164S), in which Cys164 was replaced with serine, but which still contains 6 Cys residues. The mutated domain hBN-C164S stoichiometrically bound G-CSF, with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of w-7M, which is the same as that of the wild-type hBN domain.


The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships among disablement, so cioeconomic status and QOL of the home-bound elderly. Data were collected from 56 chronically disabled elderly persons (mean age of 76.7 ± 9.7 years) who needed a long-tenn home-based care. They were assessed on QOL, activities of daily living (ADL) as well as socioeconomic condition. The QOL was evaluated by using Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC Morale Scale). The ADL and socioeconomic condition were evaluated by the Barthel index and the ESCROW profile respectively. These data were analyzed using Spearman's rank order correlation test. As a result, there was a negative relationship between the Barthel index score and the ESCROW score (r=-0.554, P<O.Ol). This negative re lationship implies that the more one becomes independent in ADL, the better his socioeconomic status improves. It was also revealed that there was a significant relationship between the PGC Morale Scale score and the Barthel index score (r= 0.276, P<0.05), and we found a negative correlation betweenthe PGC Morale Scale score and the ESCROW score (Social interaction; r=-0.386 and Retirement status; r=-0.388, P<0.05). These results suggest that in order to improve their QOL, ADL must be improved. Therefore, rehabilitation should be continued to maintain their function as soon as discharging from hospitals and facilities for rehabilitation. The results also indicate how the patient's independence in the daily life influ ences social and economic status, and consequently it affects the QOL.


Sound transmission through panels is governed by the well-known mass law in the mid-frequency range. This paper reveals a possibility of breaking this density-dominant law through strongly nonlinear interaction, while broadening the bandwidth for effective sound insulation. For this purpose, a basic model is established, and corresponding exact analytical methods for bifurcation and stability analyses are proposed. Influences of four typical types of nonlinear interactions on the wave insulation are analytically and numerically investigated. We find that, by introducing strongly nonlinear interactions at appropriate locations, the nonlinear model can not only break the barrier imposed by the mass law, but also entails broadband sound insulation by 2–3 times relative to the optimal linear model. Meanwhile, the sound insulation valley due to the coincident effects can also be eliminated. With bifurcation and effective mass, we clarify that the enhanced wave insulation of the strongly nonlinear models arises from the broader band of super mass induced by strongly nonlinear local resonances, which depends on the bifurcation of periodic solutions. The proposed models and the findings provide a solid basis and new possibilities for wave insulation in complex nonlinear structures and nonlinear acoustic metamaterials.


Nanocrystalline Rare Earth Mixed Oxides PrCo_(1-x)Mg_xO_3 was prepared by the sol-gel method.The shape size and structure of power samples were observed by SEM and XRD.The result shows that pure phose of PrCo_(1-x)Mg_xO_3 cube structure.Determine property in hysteresis loop H_c M_s and M_r by VSM of 7404 type.Studies change orderliness of property in magnetism go with x.


Isochronous stratigraphic interfaces are one of the most important marks of developing process of a basin. Based on a study of the late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary basin of southeast Yunnan, they can be subdivided into four genetic types: (1)tectono erosional unconformities, (2)non depositional hiatus, (3)marker of volcanism and(4)transformation interface of rock and lithofacies, which are all closely related to the Au metallogenesis in this area. And the most intensive Au metallogenesis is in the first one and its neighbourhood. This innate connection is a macroscopical expression of the time bound of Au metallogenesis in this area.


This article intends to analyze which characteristics tabletop games' manuals ought to have in order to comply with Brazilian's Consumer Protection Codes, while comparing, from an informational ergonomics perspective, these same manuals – that need to be present in every sold game – with video tutorials about the same games. To do such, three games will be analyzed: Coup, about which there are many of unofficial game tutorials; Santorini, whose production company has an official YouTube channel, mostly dedicated to explaining the game with many short videos; and Nemesis, whose company partnered with an previously existing YouTube channel in order to produce an extensive official video-tutorial. All comparisons will be made via spreadsheets detailing the characteristics of each medium of explanation and further commentary about them. Game manuals, Video-Tutorials, Tabletop Games, Informational Ergonomics, PROCON. 17° Ergodesign – Congresso Internacional de Ergonomia e Usabilidade de Interfaces Humano Tecnológica: Produto, Informações Ambientes Construídos e Transporte 17° USIHC – Congresso Internacional de Ergonomia e Usabilidade de Interfaces Humano Computador


This paper considers the influence that fictional cinema has on public understanding of history. Specifically, it analyses the role that Alan J. Pakula's 1976 film All the President's Men, has had in developing and perpetuating the narrative of the Watergate scandal. Historians often accuse filmmakers of inaccurate, and sometimes irresponsible, depictions of historical events, questioning the credibility of writers and directors that are not bound by the rules of academic integrity. Nonetheless, cinema often provides a basis of historical understanding for a general public that are far more inclined to engage with a fictional film than an academic text. All the President's Men provides a useful example as the influence of the film can be measured through its effect on the United States Presidential election results of 1978. This study will examine how the filmmakers were able to create such an influential portrayal of history, through the film form, by examining the cinematic techniques utilised. Further, it will consider the film's lasting influence as an historical record of the Watergate saga.


Abstract The Global Health Security Agenda is a comprehensive and multilateral action plan that is designed to "achieve a world safe and secure from infectious disease threats, whether naturally occurring, accidental, or deliberately released." The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) involves various organizations spanning across over 50 nations. Many of these nations also have multiple agencies that have a role in furthering the objectives of the GHSA.


Neural responses to sensory stimuli are markedly influenced by the context in which a stimulus is preceded or embedded. Cortical and subcortical neurons typically exhibit adaptation to repetitive auditory, visual, somatosensory, and olfactory stimulation. Here, we investigated single neuron responses to sequences of sounds either repeatedly delivered from a single spatial location or randomly delivered from multiple spatial locations in the auditory cortex of awake marmosets. Instead of inducing adaptation, repetitive stimulation from a target speaker evoked long-lasting, location-specific facilitation (LSF) in many neurons, irrespective of the visibility of the target speaker. The extent of LSF decreased with decreasing presentation probability of the target speaker. Intracellular recordings showed that repetitive sound stimulation evoked sustained membrane potential depolarization which gave rise to firing rate facilitation. Computational models suggest two distinct neural mechanisms underlying LSF. Our findings revealed a novel form of contextual modulation in the auditory cortex that may play a role in auditory streaming and predictive coding.


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Summary.

Comparative ultraviolet and micro-incineration studies of striated muscles have been made by the author. In order to obtain a distinct correlation between ultraviolet absorption and ash content, a material was used in which the muscle partitions are of considerable height (the leg muscles from Drosophila funebris and the subcutaneous muscles from larvae of Chironomus Thummi). One and the same section was used for ultraviolet microphoto-graphy (wave-length 2570 A) and microincineration, which made it possible to obtain an exact localization of the ash. The result of the comparison was the finding that ash was regularly yielded by the intensely absorbing isotropic segments, which, on absorption measurement, were found to contain nucleotides (adenylic acids), whereas the anisotropic, weakly absorbing segments were practically devoid of ash. On account of these experimental findings it seems probable that the major part of the phosphagene is situated in the isotropic segments.


Abstract This study aimed to analyse and understand the perception about Education for Sustainability from the perspective of secondary school students in the Basque Autonomous Community by means of a qualitative methodological strategy. Specifically, the study was conducted in four educational centres with a total of 39 students, through discussion groups in a total of eight meetings. Environmental education documents of the centres were analysed, and a non-participatory observation process was also applied. The main results showed that the students had sufficient knowledge and information about the socio-environmental problem; however, their behaviour did not correspond to their way of thinking. In order to generate a real impact on attitudes and habits, environmental education should have, not only more presence in the school curriculum, but more experiential approaches and the implication of school managers.


Abstract The taxonomy of Australian Hydraena is revised with all currently available material, including types of all previously named species. The 29 species now known from Australia are all described and their distinctive characters illustrated. H. blackburni Zaitzeff (= H. evanescens Blackburn, not Rey), H. castanea Deane, H. luridipennis Macleay (= H. acutipennis Fairmaire = H. torrensi Blackburn = H. selecta Deane = H. plenipennis Deane; new synonymies), H. rudallensis Blackburn, H. simplicicollis Blackburn and H. williamsensis Deane are redescribed from types. The following new species are named: H. ambiflagellata, H. australica, H. barbipes, H. billi, H. brittoni, H. clavigera, H. cygnus, H. decipiens, H. extorris, H. hamifera, H. hynesi, H. impercepta, H. lucernae, H. magnetica, H. parva, H. pilipes, H. reticulata, H. robusta, H. ruinosa, H. simplipes, H. trapezoidalis, H. tricantha, and H. ypsilon. Formally, the Australian species all fall into subgenus Hydraena, s.s., the monophyly of which is, however, as yet unconfirmed. Brief remarks about habitats and habits of Australian Hydraena and of other hydraenid in Australia are presented.


The reserve clause requires the players to have a salary contract with the same team for a fixed periods of time. The free agency system allows the players to move to the other teams after the fixed periods of time specified in the reserve clause. We consider the effects of the compensation rule on the free agency decision and salary level under the reserve clause and the free agency system. For this, we analyze a two-period model consisting of 5 stages. The main results are as follows. If a player receives a salary comparable to his productivity in the period before he can apply for FA, he has no incentive for applying for FA. With a large gap between the minimum salary and his productivity, he applies for FA. In this case, the incumbent club strategically pays an salary higher than the minimum one (expected FA premium) in order to take advantage of compensation rule which obligates the new club holding the FA player to pay the incumbent club several times of the previous salary. The stronger is the compensation rule, the less incentive the players has to apply for FA, and less salary they receive.


This article suggests a 'best alternative' justification of induction (in the sense of Reichenbach) which is based on meta‐induction. The meta‐inductivist applies the principle of induction to all competing prediction methods which are accessible to her. It is demonstrated, and illustrated by computer simulations, that there exist meta‐inductivistic prediction strategies whose success is approximately optimal among all accessible prediction methods in arbitrary possible worlds, and which dominate the success of every noninductive prediction strategy. The proposed justification of meta‐induction is mathematically analytical. It implies, however, an a posteriori justification of object‐induction based on the experiences in our world.


The main aim of this study is to draw attention to the significant problem of tax avoidance by multinational corporations. In the times of globalization, tax competition among countries and development of modern technology transnational corporations can operate with complex financial transactions to reduce to the minimum the amount of tax or completely avoid taxation. Governments in many countries due to the dreinage of public finances are forced to take measures that will minimize the range of the problem. Losses are counted in billons and there's a growing tendency. Without taxes, which are the basis for state's budget and finance all public good and services, further development of country is impossible. It is necessary for all countries to cooperate in order to counteract tax avoidance and develope new systems of taxation of multinational corporations.


Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in the plant kingdom. Some are responsible for the oganoleptic properties of the natural sources in which they are present. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may have biological significance, for example carotenoids, flavonoids, coumarins or chromones, but not all are established as essential nutrients. There may be as many as 4,000 different phytochemicals having potential activity against several diseases such as cancer and metabolic or degenerative diseases. Before the sixteenth century, most of the mainstream medical systems were based on the idea that one should work with nature and that the body's own healing capacity could be strengthened and complimented by the right herbs (Active constituents of herbs, 2015; Venkateshwer Rao). Plant chemistry includes the miracle of photosynthesis, plant respiration, structure, growth, development, and reproduction. Much of the chemical basis of life is common to both plants and animals. From a holistic perspective the whole of the plant must be respected as an integrated biologically evolved unit that is beyond the analytical comprehension of science. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 4138-4144 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


1. Not simply machines2. Awareness of self and others3. Mental images, memory and intelligence4. Evolving a brain for consciousness5. Evolution of the human brain and mind6. Future research on animal minds7. Thinking, feeling and animal rightsFurther readingIndex


Based on the specimens deposited in the Herbarium of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and relevant literature,it was found that 82 species and 37 varieties belonging to 54 genera and 19 families are endemic to Qinghai Province.Their localities,habitats,altitudes,original documents and field collection numbers are provided.Such data are basic information for further investigating the composition,characteristics,nature,origin and evolution of the Qinghai plateau flora.


The Knowledge About Schizophrenia Questionnaire (KASQ), was developed to assess patients' knowledge about their illness and its management. The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of KASQ. Internal consistency of KASQ was evaluated with the measurement of KR-20 . Stability was evaluated with a test-retest evaluation. Item-to-total correlation and item difficulty were used for further evaluation. Validity and sensitivity was evaluated by comparison of pre and post measurement of KASQ scores of a group of patients enrolled into a psychoeducation programme with the control group. KR-20 was calculated as 0,801. Stability was evaluated with test-retest evaluaitons. A statisticallly significant correlation was shown as a result of test-retest evaluations (correlation coefficient:0,775 p:0,000). In item analysis item difficulty level of the test was found to be intermediate (mean 0,58). KASQ can be used as a convenient tool in our country to evaluate the effect of psychoeducational programs on increasing knowledge about schizophrenia in the patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia.


Digital Public Speaking is a technique of speaking in front of a camera lens to a group of people in a structured manner with the aim of providing information and influencing the listening audience. The aims of this study are: 1) to determine the implementation of Digital Public Speaking Training for Samanera and Atthasilani at Padepokan Dhammadipa Arama Batu; 2) to find out the impact of Digital Public Speaking Training on Samanera and Atthasilani at Padepokan Dhammadipa Arama Batu. This research analysis research using Miles and Huberman's version. The sample used was 6 respondents consisting of 3 Samanera and 3 Atthasilani. The sample in this study was conducted by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the Digital Public Speaking ability of Samanera and Atthasilani at Padepokan Dhammadipa Arama Batu. The conclusion is that the ability to preach digitally has begun to increase but it is stillnot in accordance with the 3T method (regular, structured, and measurable).


This chapter investigates the role of global literacy skills in teacher education while integrating multiple literacies as a means of further developing pre-service teachers' global competencies and 21st century skills1 while designing innovative transdisciplinary curriculum projects with limited resources and equipment in the global education context. The goal is to: a) introduce the role of multiple literacies (e.g., information, technology, geography, media literacy) in developing global competencies and 21st century skills among pre-services teachers; b) showcase pre-service teachers' Universal Design of Learning (UDL)2 model lessons across content areas (e.g., math, geography, cultural studies, physical education) in P-12 curriculum; and c) demonstrate creative strategies and possibilities for engaging pre-service teachers in project-based global literacy activities integrating new technologies.


Samples from three charcoal pictographs at Ignatievskaya Cave, in the southern Ural Mountains of Russia, have been radiocarbon dated. An advanced antiquity was expected, with some paintings thought to be more than 10,000 years old, as suggested by the imagery. One charcoal painting, for example, resembles a mammoth. The radiocarbon date of that motif, however, dates only to 7370±50 BP. If that motif actually represents a live mammoth, it places mammoth extinction in the Urals nearer to the present than is currently accepted. A charcoal pigment sample, a drawing of lines radiating from a central focus, has also been dated; its age was a few hundred years older than the 'mammoth': 7920±60 BP. A charcoal line has been dated with an age of 6030±110 BP. Although radiocarbon analysis was attempted on a red-pigmented painting of a woman, there was not enough organic material in the paint sample to obtain a viable date. Radiocarbon dates on pictographs in Ignatievskaya Cave obtained so far suggest that the paintings may be more recent than has been supposed.


According to Korea was re-elected as ICAO council member state at the 35th session of the assembly, there are more contributions and roles of international aviation society. Being developed technology and grown international transportation, world is focusing to aviation safety, Safety Management System(SMS) is systematic approach to manage risks caused by human and organizational factors. ICAO is specified that 'As of 24 November 2005, certified aerodrome shell have in operation a safety management system.' at Annex 14 to implement it airports as a first step. This study introduced SMS principle, analysed SMS's of advanced states and developed appropriate Korean Aerodrome SMS Model in our cultural and industrial circumstances.


Abstract The reaction of esterification of benzoic acid with benzyl chloride was chosen as a model reaction to study the esterification by SN2 promoted by tertiary amine as deprotonating agent. The use of ionic liquid (IL) 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methanesulfonate [MMIm][OMs] as reaction medium has proven to give quantitative yield of the ester, but interestingly the reaction does occur even in solvent-free conditions, where the acid + the amine form a liquid system (a protic IL) in situ. This last methodology was extended to several carboxylic acids in conditions of atom economy (i.e., without excess of any reagent), giving moderately good yields of esters (54–78%) recovered by weight in pure form. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Dr. Rosenfeld spells out the details on how to prevent, treat, and/or slow down virtually every disorder and complication of aging, including Alzheimer's, cancer, heart disease, impotence, cataracts, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, stroke, and loss of vision.


The author states that volition consists of two elements which can be intervened pedagogically : decision and performance. He things that those factors associated to student's will are based on the appropriate value hierarchy, assessment of task development by means of work and social living, and finally situations that encourage and develop human virtues.