Low power is one of the most indispensable criteria in several of application. In this paper a low power operational amplifier consists of two stages and operates at 1.8V power. It is designed to meet a set of provided specification such as high gain and low power consumption. Designers are able to work at low input bias current and also at low voltage due to the unique behavior of the MOS transistors in sub-threshold region. This two-stage op-amp is designed using the Silterra 130nm technology library. The layout has been draw and its area had been calculated. The proposed two stage op-amp consists of NMOS current mirror as bias circuit, differential amplifier as the first stage and common source amplifier as the second stage. The first stage of an op-amp contributed high gain while the second stage contributes a moderate gain. The results show that the circuit is able to work at 1.8V power supply voltage (VDD) and provides gain of 69.73dB and 28.406MHz of gain bandwidth product for a load of 2pF capacitor. Therefore, the power dissipation and the consistency of this operational amplifier are better than previously reported operational amplifier.


We study the problem of testing isomorphism (equivalence up to relabelling of the variables) of two Boolean functions f,g: {0, 1}n → {0, 1}. Our main focus is on the most studied case, where one of the functions is given (explicitly) and the other function may be queried.
 We prove that for every k ≤ n, the worst-case query complexity of testing isomorphism to a given k-junta is Ω(k) and O(k log k). Consequently, the query complexity of testing function isomorphism is θ(n).
 Prior to this work, only lower bounds of Ω(log k) queries were known, for limited ranges of k, proved by Fischer et al. (FOCS 2002), Blais and O'Donnell (CCC 2010), and recently by Alon and Blais (RANDOM 2010). The nearly tight O(k log k) upper bound improves on the Õ(k4) upper bound from Fischer et al. (FOCS 2002).
 Extending the lower bound proof, we also show polynomial query-complexity lower bounds for the problems of testing whether a function can be computed by a circuit of size ≤ s, and testing whether the Fourier degree of a function is ≤ d. This answers questions posed by Diakonikolas et al. (FOCS 2007).
 We also address two closely related problems --
 1. Testing isomorphism to a k-junta with one-sided error: we prove that for any 1 < k < n − 1, the query complexity is Ω(log (nk)), which is almost optimal. This lower bound is a consequence of a proof that the query complexity of testing, with one-sided error, whether a function is a k-parity is Θ(log (nk).
 2. Testing isomorphism between two unknown functions that can be queried: we prove that the query complexity in this setting is Ω(√2n) and O(√2nn log n).


Dr. Rajeev Singh is currently working as associate professor at the Department of Computer Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand (India). He received his Ph.D. in the field of WLAN security from National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur (India), M.Tech. in computer science and engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (India), and B.Tech. in computer science and engineering from Kanpur University (India). His research interest includes computer networks, network security, databases, simulation, Internet of things, and information systems. He has organized several trainings and workshops along with one national conference. He has published several research papers in reputed international journals of Springer, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis. He has presented several papers in international conferences and is also a reviewer of various reputed journals. He is also an editorial board member of various international journals. Dr. Singh is a member of the IEEE and ACM societies and a life member of the Indian Society for Technical Education.


Burrows play an essential role for the European wild rabbit. They provide shelter, a safe breeding place and protection against climatic extremes. However, little is known about burrow structure and the environmental factors influencing it. In this work we analyse the structure of rabbit burrow tunnels in southwestern Spain and search for structural types. In addition, we study the influence of soil composition on burrow tunnel structure. For this purpose, a total number of 122 burrow tunnels were located and measured. A principal component analysis and a two-step cluster analysis were performed to identify burrow tunnel types. Three different types of natural burrow tunnels have been identified. Furthermore, the texture and composition of the soil were found to notably influence burrow tunnel structure. This study shows that rabbits tend to excavate bigger burrow tunnels in soils characterised by sandy soils of a mostly large particle composition, while the higher proportion of small particles in silty soils promotes shorter and narrower burrow tunnels.


The upsurge in railway research during the 1960's was mainly concerned with hardware. Numeracy had to replace empiricism because severe competitive pressures forced the rail mode out of its comfortable rut of evolutionary development. Important gains have been made, particularly in the area of vehicle/track interaction but it is clear that guided transport is still a long way short of the limits of technical stretch as regards speed, capacity, and economic performance. The process of technology assessment in which possible operational and technical advances are matched to commercial opportunities, can provide a framework for the planning of long-term research.


Reading is one of the basic skills for all the students at the high school level. In fact, the students still face difficulties in comprehending inferential elements in a text. It caused by inappropriate reading process and their limited ability to know English vocabulary, as well as a less attractive strategy used by the teacher in the classroom.
The present research aims: (1) to observe how sustained silent reading is implemented, (2) to know whether or not Sustained Silent Reading enhances students' Inferential Comprehension (3) to know the students' responses to Sustained Silent Reading.
The researcher elaborated the students' inferential comprehension skill by using a descriptive qualitative approach that conducted in July-August, the first semester of academic year 2018/2019. The participants of this research were the thirty students of ninth graders in SMP Al Amanah Cileunyi. The data were obtained from observation, test, and questionnaire. The data analysis was presented by describing the result of the observation and students' responses towards Sustained Silent Reading. Besides, there is a little numerical data from the test result which was obtained by the classroom average score percentage. The results show that the implementation process of Sustained Silent Reading reveals unsuccessful indicator, the domination of negative response toward Sustained Silent Reading, and the average score of inferential comprehension skill which is decreased from 43,3% in the first meeting observation to 20% in the second meeting and 16,6% in the third meeting.
 In conclusion, it has proven that the use of Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) tends to weak in promoting inferential comprehension nor reading interest. This study is recommended for those who want to know the different result of its implementation in Indonesia.


Since the discovery of cuprate, the origin of high-T$_c$ superconductivity has been an outstanding puzzle. Recently, high-T$_c$ superconductivity was observed in a bilayer nickelate La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under pressure, whose structure hosts the apical oxygen between two layers, distinct from multi-layer cuprates. Motivated by this discovery, we investigate its electronic structure using first-principle calculations and superconducting instabilities from both weak-coupling and strong-coupling perspective. Based on the first-principle band structures, we construct a bilayer two-orbital model on a square lattice, consisting of $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and $d_{z^2}$ orbitals, which accurately captures the low-energy electronic properties. Within this model, we study pairing instability using both functional renormalization group approach and multi-orbital t-J model. An $s_{\pm}$-wave pairing with sign-reversal gaps on different Fermi surfaces is revealed, reminiscent of iron based superconductors. The Ni-$d_{z^2}$ orbital and its associated interlayer and intralayer exchange couplings are found to be crucial for the high-T$_c$ superconductivity. Our study provides valuable insights into unique nature of electronic structure and superconductivity in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ and contributes to the understanding of unconventional superconductors.


A pneumatic actuator makes it possible to construct light and small motion control system, because it has the characteristics of high power/weight ratio and so on. The flexibility due to air compressibility is fairly effective for contact tasks with soft and fragile objects, for example, as a human. On the contrary, the low stiffness due to air compressibility makes the control performance easily influenced by a friction force at sliding part.In this study, a 3 D.O.F. flexible actuator without sliding part comprising elastic rubber balls is developed as an end effector of robot manipulator. The modelled static characteristics are compared with some experiments. It is shown that in the low pressure range, the characteristics of actuator can be approximated by the linear model derived based on the concept of spherical shell. The position control system is constructed according to the linear actuator model and the fundamental position control performances are investigated. In some experimental results obtained from PI controller, the satisfactory position control performances are obtained.


The topic addressed in this paper is hiring preference in the State of Montana. Pri¬ mary emphasis is on the effects of this preference following the Crabtree Decision of June 1983. The history of hiring preference at both the Federal level and the State of Montana is examined. This history highlights the expansion of preferred groups and the means used to apply the preference. The historical review culminates with an examination of the crisis precipitated by the Crabtree Decision and the conflict created by the use of an absolute preference. The paper investigates sixteen randomly selected positions which were involved in recruitment and selection procedures during this period. It includes an analysis of the qualifications of the applicants and a comparison of the qualifications of the successful and unsuccessful candidates. A method is proposed to analyze and compare the reactions of hiring authorities to this situation. This method draws upon the concepts of conserverism and "Bureaucratic Opposition" to distinguish between the intent of the various reactions. Based on the evaluations, it is concluded that hiring authorities within Montana State government combined a careful yet innovative response to this situation. It is also con¬ cluded that the Crabtree Decision represented a threat to the professional values of Mon¬ tana's personnel specialists. This threat produced a reaction which embodies many accepted elements of positive personnel management.


The utility model relates to an automatic hydraulic device for mounting and detaching pins, which is composed of a jack, a fulcrum body, an operating mechanism, a main pin, an auxiliary pin and a suspending and pulling device. A cylinder block (10) is connected with the fulcrum body (25), and the other end surface of the fulcrum body is connected with a standard section (39), a main pin body (40), an outer boosting device, suspending components (20, 22, 24), etc. to form an external main structure. The fulcrum body is provided with a plunger structure (11), a main pull rod (27), an auxiliary pull rod (29), etc. to form an integral structure of an automatic hydraulic device for mounting and detaching pins. The utility model overcomes the disadvantages of time waste and labor waste of manual disassembly, raises the construction progress, realizes the quick installation, and has convenience and simple operation.


1, We investigated the interactive effects of elevated CO2, supply of phosphorus (P) and legume presence in model communities of calcareous grassland. Half of the communities contained six graminoids and eight nan-legume forb species, In the other half, four non-legume forbs were replaced by legumes. 2, Ecosystem responses. Above-ground phytomass ( 0.001). Below-ground community dry matter was stimulated by elevated CO2 alone by + 36% (P > 0.01), but was only + 20% (P > 0.05) when legumes were present and P was added, At the final (late season) harvest the mean effect of elevated CO2 on total above- and below-ground phytomass was + 23% (P > 0.001) and revealed no significant interactions among treatment combinations, because above- and belowground effects of CO2 enrichment had opposite directions. 3, Functional group responses. When legumes were absent, graminoids increased their total above- and below-ground phytomass in elevated CO2 by 60% (P > 0.001) but there was no increase when legumes were present. The response of forbs to CO2 was nor significant, irrespective of co-treatment. Legumes. however, were significantly stimulated by P supply and their CO2 response was much larger when P was added (+ 55%, P > 0.01 vs + 25%, NS). 4, Species responses. CO2 effects on species ranged from highly positive (+ 143%) to moderately negative (- 43%). 5, Our results demonstrate that the effect of CO2 enrichment in such natural grassland communities will be low on above-ground phytomass and largely below-ground if no additional nutrients are provided. N-2-fixing legumes appear to be crucial for the community response to elevated CO2 but legume responsiveness is largely controlled by P availability.


Neoplatonists often turn to the triad being-life-intellect to understand the nature of reality and demiurgy. The modern scholar often cited as the first to investigate the origins of this triad is E.R. Dodds, who devoted a couple of pages to the topic in his commentary on Proclus's Elements of Theology in 1933.1 As Dodds notes, the triad being-life-intellect is older than the Neoplatonists since it finds its origins in a passage from Plato's Sophist (248e) where the Eleatic Stranger proclaims:


This paper puts forward a scheme for grid voltage's reactive power optimal control based on load identification,and points out that the scheme can accurately identify the running situation of grid load,and connecting with the counter-adjusting requirement to voltage,provides the principle of constant setpoint regulation in each load range,corrects and controls the fixed value in real time,makes the real-time interaction between voltage's reactive power control and the load variation,increasing the control efficiency of voltage's reactive power control,and realizing the optimal control.


cursorily with technical points. These quibbles aside, M.'s book will undoubtedly become an indispensable resource for students and scholars: it offers updated treatments on many topics and its discussions provide useful points of departure for further investigation. On this latter point, M. acknowledges that particular views or interpretations will inevitably be contested due to the fragmentary nature of the evidence, but one of her aims is to provoke discussion. M. succeeds not only in this aim, but in providing a variety of perspectives from which to appreciate the richness and vibrancy of the dramatic traditions of republican Rome.


85 GENETIC DIVERSITY is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) biology and is generally responsible for the failure of both drug and vaccine interventions. Phylogenetic relationships based on this sequence heterogeneity have ben employed to subdivide circulating strains of HIV1 into 2 genetic groups (M and O) and at least 19 subtypes (A to J).1 Although specific subtypes tend to predominate in geographic regions (i.e., subtype B in Europe and America), increases in travel due to social±economic development and migration will lead to the spread of different HIV-1 subtypes in most countries. UNAIDS/WHO now estimates that more than 30 million people are infected with HIV-1 worldwide.2 Only 0.5% of this total were reported in eastern Europe and central Asia even though this region has experienced the most rapid increase in HIV-1 seroprevalence in the last decade. Fewer than 30,000 cases of HIV-1 infection were reported in eastern European countries in the early 1990s but this total has risen dramatically to more than 150,000 in 1997.2 Although the first HIV-1 infection in the Czech Republic was diagnosed in 1985,3 only 2000 HIV-infected individuals and fewer than 200 cumulative deaths have been reported since the beginning of the epidemic. Homosexual and intravenous drug user (IDU) transmission are responsible for most infections in the Czech Republic, but the rate of heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing.4 In this report, we have performed the first molecular characterization of HIV-1 isolates from the Czech Republic, identifying at least two different group M subtypes (B and E) of HIV-1 circulating in this country. Peripheral blood was obtained in 1997 from 22 HIV-1seropositive individuals with diverse clinical status, transmission routes, age, and sex (Fig. 1A). All patients were participating in diagnostic and research program in the National Institute of Public Health (Prague, Czech Republic). Homosexual transmission was responsible for the majority of HIV-1 infections in this sample population (Fig. 1A). Patients CZ5 and CZ19 may have contracted HIV-1 from confirmed sexual partners in Germany whereas patients CZ9 and CZ10 may have seroconverted while living in the Ukraine and South America, respectively. A sequence analysis of the HIV-1 envelope gene in all 22 samples established a possible phylogenetic relationship between HIV-1 strains found in the Czech Republic. In addition, a potential course of HIV-1 evolution in this country has been tracked, using samples from patients with different seroconversion dates scattered over the past 10 years. Proviral DNA was extracted directly from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as previously described. A fragment of approximately 1.2 kb, spanning the V1±V5-coding region of gp120 (env gene), was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two sets of primer pairs (ED3±ED14 and ED5±ED126) for nested PCR as previously described.6 Owing to failure to amplify HIV-1 DNA from five different samples (CZ2, CZ5, CZ6, CZ7, and CZ14), we resorted to amplify a smaller segment of HIV-1 env DNA (C2±C3 region), using primer pairs ED5±ED12 and ED31±ED336 for external and nested PCR, respectively. The subtype of the env PCR products of each sample was determined using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA)6 and env fragments of 14 subtype-specific HIV-1 strains (belonging to subtypes A to H of group M). Nucleotide sequences between positions 7074 and 7286 (positions determined on the HIV-1-HXB2 genome, GenBank accession number K03455), corresponding to 70 amino acids in gp120env (i.e., the entire V3 loop and portions of the C2 and C3 region), were sequenced in both directions using primers E110 (5 9 -CTGTTAAATGGCAGTCTAGCAGGA-3 9 ) and E125 (5 9 -CAATTTCTGGGTCCCCTCCTGAGG-3 9 ) using the fmol method (Promega, Madison, WI).5 Nucleotide sequences were edited and translated by EDITSEQ software (DNASTAR, Madison, WI), then aligned using the CLUSTAL X version 1.63b program.8 Pairwise DNA matrices and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the MEGA version 1.02 program. As suspected, HMA results showed that 21 of 22 (95%) HIV1 isolates from the Czech Republic were most closely related to group M subtype B (data not shown). However, a specific heteroduplex of the CZ4 env sample and the clade E reference env fragments suggested a subtype E HIV-1 infection of this


Juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed under static conditions to 25 mg/L of a fluorinated anionic surfactant, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFO), for 13 days. Following the uptake portion of the experiment, fish were transferred to clean water for a 15 day deputation phase. Whole fish and test solution samples taken during the experiment were combusted in a modified organic halide analyzer. Fluoride released from the PFO molecule during combustion was collected in a solution of TISAB and water. Free fluoride in the collection fluid was measured with an ion-selective electrode, and the concentration of PFO in whole fish tissue and test solution was determined by calculation. The concentration of PFO in test solutions from the static system remained constant at 25 mg/L and < 1.0 mg/L during the uptake and deputation phases, respectively. After 1 3 days of exposure, the average concentration of PFO in whole fish was 46.7 {micro}g/g, wet wt., and did not differ significantly from the concentration measured in fish after 8 days of exposure (44.7 {micro}g/g, wet wt.). The 13 day apparent steady-state bioconcentration factor for PFO was 1.8. When transferred to clean water, the concentration of PFO in whole fish decreased to 5.9 {micro}g/g, wetmore » wt., in 4 days and remained constant throughout the remainder of the depuration experiment.« less


The bionics is a sciences that studies resulted of evolutions of the species, observing its natural characteristics and abilities you specify that, due the t...


396 Lung India • Volume 38 • Issue 4 • July-August 2021 normal tracheobronchial pattern. It is further subdivided into Type 1A and Type 1B depending on the presence or absence of pre-eparterial bronchus, respectively. Type 2 sling is characterized by an abnormal tracheobronchial pattern with tracheal bifurcation at T6 vertebral level. Two subtypes have been described with Type 2A associated with left main bronchus giving rise to bridging bronchus supplying the right middle and lower lobe, and Type 2B is associated with the left main bronchus giving rise to a bronchus supplying the hypoplastic right lung. Congenital heart disease is associated in 30% of the cases.[2] Clinical features are nonspecific and include wheeze, stridor, feeding abnormalities, cough, and recurrent respiratory infections.[2,4] Features on chest X-ray are often nonspecific and show narrowing of trachea or bronchus, airway deviation, postobstructive atelectasis, or emphysema. On contrast esophagogram, there is anterior indentation on the esophagus. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI thorax are diagnostic in most cases and delineate the abnormal origin of the left pulmonary artery and its anomalous course.[4,5] Other associated features including airway compression are also well demonstrated on the cross-sectional imaging. Symptomatic cases require surgical correction of the anomalous left pulmonary artery. If the airway compromise is severe, tracheoplasty or bronchoplasty may also be necessary.[4]


PurposeThe aim of this study is to comprehend the behavioural intention of females' perception toward smart healthcare technology. The study also examines the moderation effect of social influences between perceived smart healthcare technology and perceived usefulness among female users.Design/methodology/approachTo test the model, this study collected data from female respondents (n = 913) responses. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart-PLS 3.2. To complement the findings from structural equation modeling, the study also conducted a post-hoc test via experimental research design. The authors also applied a t-test and PROCESS macro analysis to re-confirm the relationship mentioned above.FindingsThe findings revealed that perceived ease of use significantly mediates the relationship between females' perceived smart healthcare technology and intention to use. The findings also show that social influence moderates between smart healthcare technology and the perceived usefulness relationship.Research limitations/implicationsSocial influence is one of the major issues while adopting smart healthcare technology because the respondents perceived that they are accustomed to the technologies related to smart health once their surroundings and social environment influence them.Originality/valueThe current study is a pioneer in the context of a developing country and unique in that it makes two contributions: it extends previous research on smart health technology adoption in the healthcare business by considering females, and it gives a broad knowledge of the female healthcare consumers from emerging nations which can be useful for developing technology-driven healthcare services strategies.


The many-electron Schrodinger equation for atoms and molecules still remains
analytically insoluble after over 90 years of investigation. This has not deterred
scientists from developing a large variety of elegant techniques and approximations to
workaround this issue and make many-particle quantum calculations computationally
tractable. This thesis presents an all-particle treatment of three-particle systems
which represent the simplest, most complex, many-particle systems including electron
correlation and nuclear motion effects; meaning they provide a close-up view of
fundamental particle interaction. Fully-Correlated (FC) energies and wavefunctions
are calculated to high accuracy (mJ mol−1 or better for energies); and the central
theme of this work is to use the wavefunctions to study fundamental quantum
chemical physics.

Nuclear motion has not received the same attention as electronic structure theory
and this complicated coupling of electron and nuclear motions is studied in this
work with the use of intracule and centre of mass particle densities where it is found
nuclear motion exhibits strong correlation.

A highly accurate Hartree-Fock implementation is presented which uses a Laguerre
polynomial basis set. This method is used to accurately calculate electron correlation
energies using the Lowdin definition and Coulomb holes by comparing with our FC
data. Additionally the critical nuclear charge to bind two electrons within the HF
methodology is calculated.

A modification to Pekeris' series solution method is implemented to accurately
model excited states of three-particle systems, and adapted to include the effects
of nuclear motion along with three Non-Linear variational Parameters (NLPs) to
aid convergence. This implementation is shown to produce high accuracy results for
singlet and triplet atomic excited S states and the critical nuclear charge to bind
two electrons in both spin states is investigated.

Geometrical properties of three-particle systems are studied using a variety
of particle densities and by determining the bound state stability at the lowest
continuum threshold as a function of mass. This enables us to better ascertain what
is meant when we define a system as an atom or a molecule.


Linux applications are finding their role on important computer systems. At the same time these systems grow, they become target for malware. Therefore, understanding the security impacts of malware infections on them is essential to allow system hardening and countermeasures development. In this project, we developed tools and systems for evaluation of malicious ELF binaries to present a Linux malware landscape.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an innovative surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. However, the treatment failure rate is approximately 22%. Easy arousability may limit the tolerability of stimulation and, by extension, its effectiveness. The odds ratio product (ORP) is a continuous EEG metric of arousal propensity (range: 0 (deep sleep) to 2.5 (full wakefulness)) and its rate of decline following arousal (ORP-9) is a risk factor for susceptibility to arousal in the presence of frequent arousal stimuli. We hypothesized that subjects with deeper sleep (low average ORP and low ORP-9) are more likely to respond to UAS.

METHODS
ORP and ORP-9 were calculated from 126 baseline polysomnograms of participants in the STAR Trial. These values were compared between responders and non-responders. Adjusted linear modeling was performed to determine association between ORP-derived variables and treatment response.

RESULTS
No differences were found between responders and non-responders in unadjusted comparisons of ORP-derived variables. On linear regression modeling, there was a significant correlation between ORPNREM and reduction in AHI (p=0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant difference in ORP between responders and non-responders to UAS therapy. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, linear regression modeling trended toward a positive relationship between ORP and UAS response suggesting that those who have lighter sleep are more likely to respond to therapy. However, the results are only exploratory in nature and future larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.


The main objective of this article is to analyze the narrative of an advertising video in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a utilitarian (informativeness) and hedonic (playfulness) perspective and evaluate its consequences on brand engagement. In this article, we propose a quantitative approach based on structural equation models. The questionnaire was disseminated in April 2020, and 235 valid responses were obtained and analyzed using the software AMOS v26. The results confirmed the adjustment of the data to the conceptual model established and that empathy with the content in advertising videos has a mediating effect on playfulness and informativeness effects in brand engagement in social networks during COVID-19 pandemic. Our study analyses the narrative of an advertising video in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic through a utilitarian (informativeness) and hedonic (playfulness) perspective and evaluates its consequences on brand engagement. Despite the existence of several studies on advertising, its relationship with brand engagement is still poorly studied in the literature, especially in the pandemic period. This work demonstrates the importance of empathy with video as important factor in digital brand engagement, even in times of crisis.


With calls for increasing accountability in sport programmes, it is critical for researchers to rigorously examine how sport can contribute to the development of young people. This study was designed as an attempt to understand the nature of sport and sport-based youth development in the community of the Kayamandi Township in South Africa. Three topics related to sport-based youth development in a South African Xhosa township were examined: (a) required competencies for young people to develop in order to have a happy and productive life; (b) competencies acquired by young people through sport participation; and (c) transferable competencies from the sport domain into the everyday lives of young people. A phenomenological methodology was used by gathering participants' perceptions and meanings through semi-structured interviews. Individual interviews were conducted with 10 coaches, 11 community members, and 19 athletes, with the data analysed through independent comprehensive inductive content analysis with constant comparison and critical reflection. The results of this investigation identified specific competencies developed through sport and transferred out of the sport domain, including the southern African philosophy of ubuntu (e.g. respect and caring for others), self-concept, self-discipline, and group skills. These competencies may help young people prepare to overcome the challenges of growing up in this community. The community-driven nature of the study allowed culturally relevant topics to emerge from the data, thus highlighting the need for community-driven research and programmes with widespread community involvement.


Recent research on electromagnetic wave showed that it could carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). OAM provides a new degree of freedom for electromagnetic waves, which can increase the number of transmission channels for electromagnetic waves and thus enhance the capacity of wireless communication system. However, the overall shape of the OAM electromagnetic wave is an inverted cone. It diverges outward and the center is concave with zero energy, so it has a high requirement for the size of the receiving antenna, and also has the problem of energy divergence in the transmission. In this paper, we built the mathematical model of OAM electromagnetic wave generated by plate antenna array and deduced the mathematical expression of this kind of OAM electromagnetic wave. Then we used simulation software to simulate the OAM electromagnetic wave and analyzed the influence of different model parameters on the energy divergence Angle of OAM electromagnetic wave.


Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlations of religiosity and psychological resilience with mental health among cancer patients and to examine whether religiosity and psychological resilience can predict mental health. Method: The sample consisted of 329 patients. Researchers applied Islamic Religiosity Scale, Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, and the scale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression. Results: The results showed that there are positive, statistically significant correlations between religiosity and psychological resilience, while there were negative, statistically significant correlations of religiosity and psychological resilience with mental health. And there are correlations between the alternative therapeutic interventions currently used to religiosity and psychological resilience, while there were no statistically significant correlations between alternative therapeutic interventions that the patient will use in the future to religiosity and psychological resilience. The results also revealed the possibility of predicting mental health through religiosity and psychological resilience. Conclusion: These results emphasized the importance of increased religiosity and psychological resilience among cancer patients.


As we end our respective tenures as editors of Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice (ET&P; D. Ray Bagby, 33+ years), Family Business Review (FBR; Pramodita Sharma, 9 years), and Journal of Business Venturing (JBV; Dean Shepherd, 8 years), we reflect on our preconceptions about journal publishing as we came into the job, lessons we learned along the way, and the changes we observed in our field. We end this editorial with some thoughts of our expectations for the future of entrepreneurship and family business studies.


Matilda and her puppets are trying to save the animals in Papa Gorgonzola's circus from their life of misery. The plot takes the audience on an imaginative journey from Italy via Africa (to capture the fabled "Gorilla in the Mist") to Kuala Lumpur!

Matilda will need the resourcefulness of the Malaysian animals and birds she meets as well as the help of the people of Kuala Lumpur if she is going to be able to give the circus animals their dignity, and if they're all going to take part in the Brickfields' Carnival of Freedom.

The show is aimed at children, especially those in primary school, as well as the young at heart! Murdoch University is offering a multimedia experience in TFA's Shantanand Auditorium, with a magnificent set, spectacular puppets, lavish costumes, original music by Malaysian composer Nick Choo, and a script that blends physical theatre with an appealing storyline.


This paper deals with lithology, sedimentology and paleontology of two series in the Gelida zone (province of Barcelona); Sheet n." 420 (San Baudilio de Llobregat). The existence of a deltaic-like structure of Tortonian age is suggested as a logical consecuence of this paper.


A hard disk temperature detecting system comprises a triode arranged in a hard disk, a temperature sensor and a substrate management controller connected with the temperature sensor through an I2C bus. The base electrode of the triode is connected with a collector electrode, the collector electrode of the triode is further connected with a first unused pin of a hard disk interface, and the emitting electrode of the triode is connected with a second unused pin of the hard disk interface. The temperature sensor is connected with the first unused pin and the second unused pin of the hard disk interface, and the temperature sensor acquires the temperature value of the hard disk by detecting the voltage difference between the collector electrode and the emitting electrode of the triode. The substrate management controller is used for receiving the temperature value obtained by the temperature sensor. The hard disk temperature detecting system can acquire the temperature of the hard disk in real time without influencing system performance.


Abstracts in the abstracts book at the Abidjan AIDS in Africa conference in December 1997 provide important data on the extent of HIV infection among female prostitutes and their lack of knowledge and prevention. HIV is widespread among Ghana's prostitutes. One survey of 368 prostitutes in the Greater Accra area found that 297 (76%) were HIV-seropositive. Older ages, length of time working as a prostitute, and having had other STDs were positively associated with HIV infection, while the number of clients per day and price for sexual services were not significant determinants of HIV serostatus. 66% of the prostitutes became infected during their first year of work in prostitution, and 80% used condoms with their clients. Another study found that the women are motivated by a sense of familial responsibility, but with only a limited scope for money-earning activities. Over the past decade, the number of prostitutes has increased and they are becoming younger, more educated, and more professional in their approach. 75% of 85 female prostitutes screened for HIV infection in a study in Uganda were HIV-positive and 80% began prostitution for economic reasons; only 66% indicated that they would change profession if given an alternative. A number of the abstracts indicate low levels of condom use during commercial sex acts. Finally, a study in a South African mining community saw a 30% reduction in overall STD prevalence as the miners increased their prevalence of condom use from 13% to 29%.


The passage concludes and analyses the investigation result of the university students'ideology and politics. Many problems will be found among the students. The author makes some constructive suggestions how to strengthen the ideolgical and political education of the students.


Introduction. In dental practice, despite the constant improvement of dental
 equipment and materials, caries removal using rotational instruments is
 still not a satisfactory way. The caries removal treatment constantly offers
 numerous alternatives in order to replace machine tools, and one of them is
 the chemo-mechanical method. The aim of this paper is to examine the
 effectiveness of the chemo-mechanical method of caries removal using BRIX
 3000 and classic method. Material and Method. We used BRIX 3000; a material
 intended for atraumatic caries removal. Both caries elimination methods were
 performed in 40 patients with evident carious lesions. Twenty patients
 underwent atraumatic caries removal while in the other twenty carious tissue
 was removed using rotating instruments. Results. BRIX 3000 was effective in
 caries removal. A significant reduction in the use of local anesthetics was
 noticed. Patients did not experience discomfort or pain during treatment
 with BRIX 3000, but the duration of caries removal using this atraumatic
 method was significantly longer than with the classic method. Conclusion.
 Atraumatic method of caries removal is an adequate alternative to
 conventional therapeutic procedures for caries removal, which finds a place
 in the domain of modern minimally invasive dentistry.


This article reports on how Invensys' research collaboration with Oxford University has produced sensors that can diagnose and correct their own faults.


Nursing is on the verge of moving into a new and exciting era. However, we first have to revisit our roots and reflect carefully on what we mean by the terms 'health', 'illness' and 'nursing'. Health and illness have become associated with medical definitions and the medical model. However, descriptions of illness go beyond physical symptoms and the treatments handed out by doctors. Psychosocial and spiritual dimensions give us the real lived experience of what it is that we and our patients are going through. This is the link for the sufferer when he/she is trying to make the necessary adjustments to lifestyle and routine following illness.


Many workplaces are exposed to high-frequency audible noise and/or ultrasonic noise with dominant contributions from frequencies between 10 and 40 kHz. Apart from hearing loss, that may occur at high daily noise exposure levels, non-auditory health effects can arise at far lower sound pressure levels. Especially effects caused by tonal noise, high-frequency noise and ultrasound are not understood in depth. Therefore, measurement quantities reflecting the noise exposure and possible non-auditory health effects on workers are also lacking. Such quantities should be easily and reproducibly determined during workplace noise measurements. To improve this situation, investigations involving comprehensive noise measurements at workplaces combined with questionnaires aiming at capturing mental stress and strain of workers are planned to be carried out. High-precision sound level meters are too heavy to be carried around all day and cannot capture ultrasonic noise. Moreover, common personal noise exposure meters only cover frequencies up to 10 kHz. So, a new measurement device is needed as basis to perform the above-mentioned investigations. We show first results of the development process of a personal high-frequency and ultrasound noise exposure meter.


Robert B. Everhart Graduate School of Education University of California Santa Barbara, California M ajor studies on the totality of student life in schools (Coleman, 1961; Gordon, 1957; Henry, 1963; Waller, 1965) rarely discuss how selected attributes of the student culture compare to that of teachers. Similarly, the studies of teacher's beliefs and world views (Jackson, 1968; Lortie, 1975; McPherson, 1972; Waller, 1965) only discuss tangentially how the systematic views and actions of teachers compare to those of students. Yet students and teachers, as the major actor subsystems in the school, are not mutually exclusive entities but rather interact and affect each other. Thus, while differences no doubt exist, we would suspect that many of the perspectives of one group are, in part, parallel to those of the other and that an examination of common experiences or phenomena would illuminate how the belief systems of each group arise. The study reported in this paper proceeds on the assumption that a fruitful understanding of life in schools for both students and teachers is possible if student and teacher perspectives on similar realities or events can be compared and contrasted.' From 1972-76, I served as a member of an evaluation team studying the effects of a federally funded innovation in Jefferson, a medium-sized school district on the west coast. Part of my task was to examine the school district "holistically"-to understand the innovation process in the context of the everyday reality of life in the community. For two of my four years in Jefferson, I did fieldwork at Spencer, one of the district junior high schools, much as William F. Whyte lived in Comerville in Street Corner Society or anthropologists have done studying exotic cultures at home and abroad. My initial focus was to discover how the innovative project (designed mostly to individualize the instructional process in a variety of ways) touched the lives of students in the school and, to a lesser degree, teachers and staff. To accomplish this goal, I joined two groups of boys (hereafter referred to as Don's group and Chris' group) in the seventh grade and remained as a quasimember throughout the eighth grade. I attended classes with them, ate lunch with them, went skiing and bowling with them after school, and spent many hours talking with them or in listening to their discussions. I came to know the teachers and the staff as well, and participated in a wide range of activities with many of them. In the process of learning about the effects of the project, I learned more about life in Jefferson and most especially the process of schooling as experienced and understood by students and teachers. Generally, I found that the world of the teacher and the student could best be analyzed as subsystems within one system, for many of the activities of both


We compute spin-orbit effects in the equations of motion, binding energy and energy loss of binary systems of compact objects at the next-to-leading order in the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation in the effective field theory (EFT) framework. We then use these quantities to compute the evolution of the orbital frequency and accumulated orbital phase including spin-orbit effects beyond the dominant order. To obtain the results presented in this paper, we make use of known ingredients in the EFT literature, such as the potential and the multipole moments with spin effects at next-to-leading order, and which are given in the linearized harmonic gauge and with the spins in the locally flat frame. We also obtain the correction to the center-of-mass frame caused by spin-orbit effects at next-to-leading order. We demonstrate the equivalence between our EFT results and those which were obtained elsewhere using different formalisms. The results presented in this paper provide us with the final ingredients for the construction of theoretical templates for gravitational waves including next-to-leading order spin-orbit effects, which will be presented in a future publication.


Primates are unique among eutherian mammals in having trichromatic color vision reclaimed from a dichromatic ancestor. However, there is considerable variation in the expression of trichromacy in the order. Prosimians and New World monkeys possess highly variable color vision, while in Old World monkeys, trichromacy is routinely present and highly conserved. Humans are a notable exception to the catarrhine pattern, as their expression of trichromacy is also highly variable. In this symposium, we undertake a cross-disciplinary approach by inviting the contributions of researchers from the fields of genetics, psychology, psychophysics, sensory ecology and field primatology. We will cover diverse topics, including population genetics and balancing selection, selective pressures acting on the spectral tuning of cone cells, methods for assessing primate coloration by considering visual systems, behavioral studies on fruit and insect foraging as well as overviews of the variation in primate color vision and the adaptive relevance of trichromatic versus dichromatic and monochromatic vision. We anticipate that this symposium will facilitate communication among color vision scientists and encourage debate and discussion about the future directions of research in this field.


The quiet hope that we experience at the end of this most "fantastic" story shows that a marked change has taken place from the expressionist works of despair written by Lagerkvist during the war years. It is also his first successful attempt at utilizing the architectonic principles of cubism.2 Instead of the parallel, static reflections found in his earlier works, we now find a "simultaneous dichotomy" of aspect, a process of "cubist dialectics" which is necessary for the total synthesis of perspective. Perhaps a way of explaining this phenomenon of cubist perspective can be extracted from a remark of Braque's: "It is always desirable to have two notions one to demolish the other."3 By this he means a kind of "cubist dialectics" that purposely perpetrates an ambiguity through the juxtaposition of two opposing aspects. It should actually be two opposing aspects or more, for this ambiguous "synthesis" evolves more through the Marxian process of cascading reactions than through the simple Hegelian thesis antithesis synthesis. If one looks at cubism from this viewpoint, then perhaps one should also speak of


Due to its complexity, the study of the concept of impulsivity has been of interest for Economy, Sociology, Psychology and Medicine. Different measures are used to conduct research in impulsivity, these techniques are either selfreports or behavioral paradigms. Studies dealing with impulsivity and tobacco consumption are relatively new and they could be useful to understand the relationship between this tendency and smoking. It is possible that impulsivity is a factor that prevent cessation of tobacco consumption and that this tendency contributes for relapses. The present systematic review has as its central goal to discuss in detail different forms used in the literature to assess impulsivity among smokers. Based on the search on data bases such as PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIENCEDIRECT, SPRINGER and ERIC, 3025 articles were found related with impulsivity, from which 700 directly evaluated it. Only 106 articles dealt with impulsivity related to smoking behavior and among them only 20 provided measures focused directly on impulsivity among smokers. The review concludes that the joint use of behavioral performance task plus self-reports for assessment of impulsivity, allows a better grasp in the comprehension and explanation of the target phenomena.


New information technologies provide tremendous leverage to research, especially as practiced in a traditional teaching university seeking to become a research institution. The paper reports several applications of fax machines, teleconferencing combined with taping and transcription databases, and the Internet as powerful and inexpensive tools for achieving greater research output with minimal increases in resources. A survey on ISO 9000 implementation conducted via fax machine generated a 74% response rate and required only a $300 budget. Other examples of using information technology to leverage research productivity are offered.


The ratio of money demand to GDP may increase with portfolio demand, monetization, and a deeper division of labor. Using a cross-section approach to money demand for 126 countries this study shows that the share of agriculture, life expectancy at birth, openness, and trust in the banking system capture a good deal of these influences. Once these variables are included, GNP per head negatively impacts on the ratio of money demand to GDP, which is in line with the standard result by Tobin and Baumol.


Wound healing system to promote healing of the patient's wound (100) includes a positive pressure source (113), vacuum source (151), a porous foam positioned in contact with the wound and (121). Porous foams includes a plurality of flow paths reduced pressure source in fluid communication with. The system further includes a filler member (125) having a flexible wall defining an interior chamber. Inner chamber is in communication positive pressure source in fluid communication, and covering the filling member cover member (110) is positioned. .FIELD 1


Quality education is the hope of all point of view,such as students, teachers, communities, governments and even Islam. Word of Allah in the Qur'an letter Ali-Imran verse 139 which means "Do not be weak, and also not grieve, but you are the people most high extent, if you are faithful people ". The contents of the content of the verse has been stated in the vision of the establishment of madrassas that individuals who have an attitude of religious, scientific diniyah capable, skilled and professional, in accordance with the order of life. Ironically, some communities in Indonesia Muslim majority are still looked down on madrasah. Less enthuses madrasah by the public as most madrasah espiacilly primarily private management has not been managed well. Quantitatively superior to the private MTs, but qualitatively of state MTs was still lagging behind. There are 92 private MTs in Central Lampung regency even though just 6.5% had been developing well. Based on this phenomenon the researcher interested to know whether the strategy used by MTs Maarif 02 Kotagajah, MTs Maarif 20 Kalidadi, and MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti so that it can develop properly.
The purpose of this research was to describe how planning, implementing, and evaluation of development strategies madrasah passed Morals based quality management at the madrasah in improving the quality of education. The hope this research can provide inspiration, motivation, innovation and strategy development of quality education in madrasah in general.
This study is a qualitative research, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The primary data of the words of the interviews and secondary data is documentation and records observations to data analysis is inductive.
According to the research there are 5 strategies based quality management morals developed, namely: 1) Management of learners, 2) Management of infrastructure, 3) Management curriculum education , 4) Personnel management education, and 5) financial management are managed in such a way from the aspect planning, implementation, and evaluation, so that it can improve quality of education with quality value MTs Maarif 02 Kotagajah of 77.92 into 85.33 category B + (better), MTs Maarif 20 Kalidadi of 69.42 into 80.84 category B (Good ), and MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti of 74.19 into 82.84 category B + (better)
Madrasah development strategy passed Morals based quality management with 5 of these strategies can be a source of inspiration, motivation of each point of view related to the quality of education in improving MTs Ma'Arif 02 Kotagajah, MTs Ma"arif 20 Kalidadi and MTs Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti Central Lampung regency in particular and madrasah or schools generally improve the quality of education.


Abstract In corporate practice, the term of Integrated Management System means a system the aim of which is to manage an organization regarding the quality, environment, health and safety at work. In the first phase of the VEGA project No. 1/0448/13 "Transformation of ergonomics program into the company management structure through interaction and utilization QMS, EMS, HSMS", we focused on obtaining information about the way or procedure of implementing the integrated management systems in manufacturing companies in Slovakia. The paper considers characteristics of integrated management system, specifies the possibilities for successive integration of the management systems and also describes the essential aspects of the practical implementation of integrated management systems in companies in Slovakia.


This examination of the history, development, activities, successes, and limitations of the largest membership organization in the country will be of interest to anyone who belongs to or is curious about this sometimes-controversial group.
 AARP is one of Washington's most influential interest groups, but just who does it represent? To some, it represents the narrow special interests of older Americans who already consume more than their share of government benefits. To others, its advocacy encompasses everyone, including those with elderly parents and grandparents—and those who will comprise the older generations of the future.
 The most comprehensive volume ever written about AARP, the book begins with a chapter on the organization's history, going back to its founding in 1958 and its roots in the National Retired Teachers Association, established in 1947. Readers will learn about AARP's membership and chapter activities, including how it grew to be the largest membership organization in the country. Perhaps even more engrossing is the book's investigation of the nature and extent of AARP's political influence and its positions and priorities as it struggles to represent a large and diverse constituency. Finally, the study discusses AARP's organizational model, which combines political advocacy, business, and charity, and probes the controversies arising from what AARP's critics charge are conflicts of interest.


We investigate critical points of a Landau–de Gennes (LdG) free energy in three-dimensional (3D) cuboids, that model nematic equilibria. We develop a hybrid saddle dynamics-based algorithm to efficiently compute solution landscapes of these 3D systems. Our main results concern (a) the construction of 3D LdG critical points from a database of two-dimensional (2D) LdG critical points and (b) studies of the effects of cross-section size and cuboid height on solution landscapes. In doing so, we discover multiple-layer 3D LdG critical points constructed by stacking 2D critical points on top of each other, novel pathways between distinct energy minima mediated by 3D LdG critical points and novel metastable escaped solutions, all of which can be tuned for tailor-made static and dynamic properties of confined nematic liquid crystal systems in 3D.


In this paper, a novel circularly-polarized (CP) patch antenna using organic magnetic substrate is proposed. This patch antenna works at 1.575 GHz frequency band which is for the global positioning system (GPS) application. The organic magnetic material is used to realize the miniaturization of antenna. To improve gain and axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna, fractal Hi- impedance surface electro-magnetic band gap (EBG) structures was used. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. The simulation results for operating frequency band are shown to have good agreement with measurements.


The homestead multistory agroforestry demonstration was conducted at Tarmaber district of North Shewa zone to demonstrate and evaluate model multistory agroforestry practice for its ecological and economic importance for the rural communities of the area. The demonstration in addition aimed to further enhance farmers' knowledge on this new cultivation method before any further adoption. The demonstration study was started in June 2013 as multistory agroforestry practices and established with special and temporal arrangements with three strata. The upper stratum comprised tree components, middle stratum was fruits and the lower stratum was different annual crops. The total area of a demonstration site was 0.045ha. Persea americana, Rhamnus prinoides, Coffea arabica, Musa paradisiaca, Phaseolus lunatus, Hibisicus sabdariffa and Vigna unguiculata were planted at different time of the lifetime of the study and yield data were collected. The results from this demonstration study showed that, on average 1507 kg of edible NTFPs harvested per hectare per year. Organic matter and available phosphorus were increased from 1.52 to 2.14%, and 4.26 to 15.98 ppm, respectively. In addition, this practice showed higher net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (B/C) than the two crop land 3537.36 US$ and 3.3 per ha from these different components. From this study it can be concluded that multistory agroforestry may be ecologically advantageous land use system for sustainable food, biomass production and economic return comparing with conventional agricultural practices. Therefore, future agricultural extension adoption should consider this homegarden agro-forestry practice for sustainable agricultural production and productivity especially in North Shewa areas where this practice is not well known.


A year ago, the so-called "feathered dinosaur"
 Sinosauropteryx made the front page of
 The New York Times , and was viewed by some as confirming the dinosaurian origins of birds. But at this year9s vertebrate paleontology meeting in Chicago late last month, the verdict was a bit different: The structures are not modern feathers, say the roughly half-dozen Western paleontologists who have seen the specimens. But just what the structures are--and whether they link birds and dinosaurs--is still under debate.


Histopathology, the current "gold standard", is prone to human errors as it depends on expert interpretation of the microscopically derived cellular and sub-cellular information for tissue diagnosis. Further, this light microscope based approach requires preparation of appropriately stained specimens of micro-thin tissue sections from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of tissue samples. We report a method that provides quantitative feedback about tissue diagnosis by measuring depth-sensitive Raman spectra from the intact FFPE tissue blocks without requiring preparation of any thin tissue sections or any other processing. The FFPE blocks of pathologically certified cancerous and normal breast tissues were used for validating the approach. The measured depth-sensitive Raman spectra were mathematically de-paraffinized for retrieving the characteristic tissue Raman signatures using scaled-subtraction. A multivariate analysis of the scaled-subtracted, depth-sensitive Raman spectra employing a probability-based diagnostic algorithm developed using the framework of sparse multinomial logistic regression (SMLR) provided a sensitivity and specificity of up to 100% towards cancer based on leave-one-block-out cross validation. The results of this exploratory study suggest that depth-sensitive Raman spectroscopy along with a multivariate statistical algorithm can provide a valuable alternate diagnostic modality in clinical pathology setting for discriminating cancerous from normal FFPE tissue blocks.


Codeine can be determined by a Flow injection procedure based on the chemiluminescence generated by reaction with potassium permanganate (6 × 10–4 mol l–1) in the presence of 0.5 mol l–1 polyphosphoric acid. The limit of detection is 8 pmol (3 × 10–7 mol l–1 in a 25 µl sample), the relative standard deviation for the determination of 5 × 10–4 mol l–1 codeine is 1.4%(n= 10).


Thermoplastic composition poly (arylene ether) and poly (arylene ether) - containing a polysiloxane block copolymer. Thermoplastic composition is prepared as comprising the step of oxidative copolymerization of a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane. The method pre-prepared poly (arylene ether) by combining the polysiloxane block poly (arylene ether) - a simple prior art method of preparing a polysiloxane block copolymer. In the method, compared with the conventional method of copolymerizing a monohydric phenol and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane, polysiloxane poly (arylene ether) - incorporation of the polysiloxane block copolymer is large.


OUR attention was drawn to an unusual prominence on the front of the lower and of the humerus in a right upper limb, allotted to students for dissection. The idea that it might be the "supra condylar process" occurred to us, and we set to work to verify this. The left limb of the same subject was at the time being dissected by other students, and was found to present a similar process. This abnormal condition would therefore .appear to be a bilateral one.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: cooled photodetector base is made of material having a thermal expansion coefficient equal to or close to that of the cooled element and, in order to reduce cooling non-uniformity, an opening passes through the entire length of the base, wherein a heat pipe is placed in said opening, and the remaining gap between the heat pipe and the opening of the base is filled with gallium to form a mechanical bond with good thermal conductivity. EFFECT: invention considerably reduces the temperature gradient when cooling large photodetectors made on both a single substrate and assembled from multiple units. 2 dwg


Demand for professional development training in the early childhood field has grown substantially in recent years. To meet the demand, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service's Family Development and Resource Management unit developed the Early Childhood Educator Online Training Program, a professional development system that currently offers nearly 100 courses (142 contact hours) to child care professionals in multiple languages. Since 2010, over 300,000 online courses have been completed by child care providers and directors. Outcomes from the program demonstrate how technology can be used to augment Extension educators' face-to-face training efforts by dramatically expanding outreach to this growing audience.


An analytical characterization of the ergodic capacity of interference-limited multihop wireless networks with amplify-and forward (AF) relaying is presented. In our analysis, we consider that transmissions are performed over Nakagami-m fading where channel state information is only known at the receiving terminals. We derive an exact expression for the ergodic capacity by exploiting the moment generating function (MGF) of the inverse signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). The result is applicable for arbitrary numbers of interfering signals at the receiving terminals and can be efficiently evaluated. Furthermore, considering the special case of dual-hop transmission, we propose a more refined characterization where the high-SIR capacity is expanded as an affine function. The zero-order term or the power offset for which we find insightful closed-form expressions, is shown to play a chief role in understanding the impact of interference and power on the system's capacity. Finally, some simulation results sustaining our analysis are provided.


The surface chemical compositions of powdered cellulose have been characterized utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) techniques. Powdered cellulose was prepared by milling of bleached softwood pulp residues through a lab-scale planetary ball mill. Here we show how milling a mixture of the powdered cellulose with potassium hydroxide determines the surface chemical compositions of the obtained powdered cellulose, in a completely dry condition. The XPS analysis indicated the presence of new carbon and oxygen atoms as C4, C5, and O3. In turn, the FTIR analysis showed the stretching vibrations of the carbon–carbon double bond. The results suggest the formation of active oxygenated species on powdered cellulose surfaces.


ABSTRACT Oran's inhabitants have been discussing patrimony for many years. They are now insisting that it is urgent to preserve the urban sector of Sidi El Houari. According to Oran's Master Plan for Urban Development, Sidi El Houari includes many very dilapidated neighbourhoods in various states of ruin. The architecture of the area's very precisely aligned buildings is predominantly Spanish and French and reflects the determination of the colonial population of the time to reproduce European urbanism in Algeria so that they could feel at home there. In this essay, I suggest that we consider Sidi El Houari to be our historical heritage rather than our patrimoine. This was an area in which only the occupiers lived during the colonial era and from which Algerians were excluded. In other words, Sidi El Houari tells a very incomplete story about Algerians because most of its rare historical Arabo-Muslim vestiges have been significantly transformed. I have argued that preservation should have begun in M'dina Jdida, which should be considered a patrimony. First known as Madinat al-Hdar (the place of city dwellers) and later the village nègre, M'dina Jdida became a stronghold of Algerian nationalism. We need to examine both Sidi El Houari and M'dina Jdida if we are to appreciate the technical know-how and architectural interest of the constructions there.


Global public administration and training - common themes or national differences? John Greenwood et al education for a democratic intellect or training for puzzle solvers? public administration education and training in Australia, Allan Peachment from colonial neglect to continuing under-provision - public administration education and training in Bangladesh, Mohammad Mohabatt Khan, Noore Alam Siddique plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose - public administration in Canada - state of the discipline and profession, V. Seymour Wilson, O.P. Dwivedi an academic - practitioner divide - public administration education in India, R.K. Mishra providing bureaucrats for the developing state - public administration training and education in Malaysia, Norma Mansoor the struggle for credibility - public administration education and training in Nigeria, Sylvester Manti Ngu the challenges of change and transition - public administration education and training in South Africa, William Fox searching for identity, defining skills and competencies - public administration education and training in the United Kingdom, John Greenwood, Lynton Robins segmentation, decentralization and diversity - public administration education in the United States, Gordon P. Whitaker.


The emergence of new media has deeply changed people's life and work. More and more new media forms are gradually introduced into the teaching stage of higher education, and college vocal music teaching is no exception. Under the background of new media, using advanced media equipment to interact with students and improve the quality and level of college vocal music teaching effectively is the direction and inevitable trend of college vocal music teaching reform. In this paper, the author first analyzes the main problems existing in the current vocal music teaching in universities, and then puts forward the specific implementation strategies of effectively promoting the reform of vocal music teaching in universities under the background of new media, hoping to benefit the majority of vocal music educators.


The systematic position of the Monotremes is up t o now p roblematical. The consensus, now ably expressed by Hopson and Crompton (1969), allocates Monotremes and Multituberculata , Doeodonta and Triconodonta to a nontherian group, stemming from Morganucodon, and the Theria proper, stemming from Kuehneotherium. The date of the cladistic dichotomy, the "terminus post quem non"--according to Hennig--is before the Upper l~haetic, when Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium live side by side in Glamorgan, Wales.


The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of a Rice Bran Ethanol Extract (RBE). Inflammation, such as a bacterial...


Following the recent increase in money laundering activities, prominent substantial hubs for finance are becoming increasingly subjected to abuses within the financial sector. With all the systems and regulatory bodies in place assumptions are that the financial sector within the western hemisphere would assume more of a rigid position in the event of market abuses. As the years go by it seems like market abuses are increasingly dominating the western hemisphere subjecting them to a higher level of crime and terrorism. This LLM dissertation focuses specifically on financial regulation within the western hemisphere in comparison to the legal advances of developing states, particularly, on measures provided by the international community to reinforce anti money laundering regimes. One concludes that the West assumes a lot of power concerning the global financial sector, assuming that developing states emulate/ mimic established rules in order partake in global financing. It assesses why globalisation has both contributed towards, and helped to resolve money laundering, by measure of international combatting rates, whilst enforcing international standards which close any existing gaps to reduce / eliminate the likelihood of financial abuses.


The optical constants of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules (benzene, pyrene, pentacene, and coronene) are determined from their measured laboratory absorption spectra. The Planck mean of the radiation pressure cross section is computed for each molecule and for amorphous carbon (AC) grains, and semiempirically estimated for large PAH molecules up to 400 carbon atoms. Assuming that PAHs are present in carbon-rich stellar outflows, the radiation pressure forces acting on them are calculated and compared with the radiation forces on AC particles. The results show that PAHs possess very different optical properties from AC grains. Small PAHs may experience an 'inverse greenhouse' effect in the inner part of the envelope, as they decouple from the gas close to the photosphere. The radiation pressure force on PAHs is always much less than the force at work on AC grains, and PAH molecules do not affect significantly the dynamics of the outflow. 55 refs.


Mohammed Ghawi 's study makes an interesting contribution to the growing research literature in cross-cultural pragmatics and provides an impetus for further research on Arabic/English pragmatic contrasts. The study essentially addresses three questions: (1) How are apologies realized differently in Arabic and in American English? (2) How do Arabic speakers apologize when using English as an additional language? and (3) What are Arabic and English speakers' perceptions of cultural differences in apologizing? The simultaneous focus on these three questions--the comparative question, the interlanguage question, and the perceptual question--gives the study a certain multidimensional interest. Ghawi has not only uncovered some important crosscultural contrasts in apologizing, but has begun to draw connections between Arabic speakers' perceptions of pragmatic differences and their performance in both Arabic and English. A key comparative finding of the study is that, given comparable situations, Arabic speakers were less likely than English speakers to offer an explicit statement of apology (e.g., "I'm sorry") as part of their response. Arabic speakers reported that Americans apologize too frequently, sometimes unnecessarily, and less sincerely than Arabic speakers. When Arabic speakers apologized, they were more likely to offer explanations for the offense than were English speakers. Ghawi reports that some English speakers view this strategy as an avoidance strategy. While the perceptual component of Ghawi 's study is very limited, the examination of perceptual information and discourse production within the same study can help explain reasons for cross-cultural misunderstandings. Data were elicited in using eight role-play situations that had been developed and used in previous research. These data were supplemented by ·a short questionnaire and by interviews with the subjects about their perceptions of apologizing in each language. Perhaps the most valuable aspect of the study is the comparison between native speakers of Arabic performing in Arabic and native speakers of English performing in English. Ghawi established a set of (essentially quantitative) baseline "norms" (using the term loosely) for performance of these discourse elicitation tasks in a specific research situation for both groups. These "norms" provide a basis for examining the performance of the Arabic speakers in English, which is their second (or third, etc.) language. It would also be desirable to examine the performance of native speakers of English learning Arabic, but few such students were available. Many studies of problems in intercultural communication examine only the performance of learners of a language, comparing their language use with that of native speakers of that language. While such studies can provide valuable information about discourse productions (e.g., Scollon, 1993; Tyler, Jeffries, & Davies, 1988), there is little basis for drawing conclusions about the reasons for the patterns observed, including possible Ll transfer. Ghawi's study avoids this problem by examining Arabic speaker's Ll performance as well as their performance in English. His study, then, falls into the categories of ( 1) comparative studies, as well as (2) studies that examine interlanguage pragmatics in the context of native language use in both of the languages of interest. Yet, there are a number of validity questions that must be raised. First, how well does the Arabic speakers' performance on the discourse elicitation task represent their actual Arabic language use in everyday interaction with other Arabic speakers? The best way to answer this question, and thereby conduct a validity study, is to gather extensive naturalistic discourse. This approach would be quite time consuming because apologies may not occur frequently. A compromise might be to draw examples from existing sources such as literature, or to devise creative, semi-naturalistic data collection techniques. Second, how well does the Arabic speakers' performance reflect their language use in Arab cultural contexts? That is, how relevant are the task


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review of available research evidence on marginal participation of women in ICT-related jobs (ICT – information and communication technology). In this study, it has been attempted to identify gaps in these literature studies according to the Global Index of Gender dimensions and briefly has been explained guidelines for policymakers to improve the participation of women in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors follow from the method of (Tranfield et al., 2003) for conducting a systematic literature review (a systematic review means that the research has specific and systematic steps). Then key words were searched and appropriate resources with this study were evaluated. Accidentally, 55 articles in the period 2000 to 2014 were investigated, and articles were reviewed according to the Global Index of Gender dimensions.

Findings

A review of previous studies indicated that despite considerable attention given to open access to information and women's skills, role of women in ICT has been underestimated. Results indicated that to keep pace with today's information society, we would have to reinforce knowledge and abilities of women and provide them employment grounds in jobs that require new skills in ICT. To reinforce participation of women in the jobs, we need to invest in education and design policies to increase the number of women in educational courses related to ICTs. Also, we need to promote equal educational opportunities. Libraries are suitable platforms to create bold employment of women in jobs related to ICTs. Because it seems that majority of professionals are women in these places. In current information communities, we have to raise the level of individual development for reaching total development. Thus, women's progress at professional jobs is needed to remove barriers of creativity and entrepreneurship for women. Also, development of strategies for providing contribution of women in ICT jobs should not be neglected.

Originality/value

This study is the first comprehensive study on the systematic review of the literature in the field of Gender Gap to show marginal participation of women in the ICT-related jobs.


Al3Ti particles reinforced magnesium matrix composite with 10wt%,20wt%,30wt%,40wt% Al3Ti was respectively prepared by different powder metallurgy route through in-situ synthesis method and mechanical mixing.The microstructure was investigated by SEM,the component of the composite was characterized by XRD,and the hardness,compressive strength and wear resistance were tested and compared between the composite prepared by the two different methods.The results show that the small Al3Ti particles with 1~5 μm are acquired by in-situ synthesis method.The Al3Ti particles size with 5~15μm in the composite is prepared by mechanical mixing.The particles uniformly disperse in the magnesium matrix,the strength and wear resistance of the composite is highly enhanced.The hardness and compressive strength can be increased by improving the content of Al3Ti,and in-situ synthesis method leads to higher performance than mechanical mixing method.The best wearability is acquired when the content of Al3Ti is 20wt%for the composite prepared by in-situ synthesis method and 30%forthe composite prepared by mechanical mixing method.


WATERS OF MERIBAH (NUMBERS 20)--YEAR 40 IN THE DESERT The sin of Moses at the "waters of contention" [Waters of Meribah] is primarily narrated in Numbers 20: 2-13. The first five verses of the narration sets the scene, and includes words and phrases that echo another scene many years earlier. 2 And there was no water for the congregation; and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. 3 And the people quarreled with Moses, and spoke, saying, 'Would God that we had died when our brothers died before the Lord! 4 'And why have you brought up the congregation of the Lord into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? 5 'And why have you made us come out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? This is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; nor is there any water to drink.' 6 And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the door of the Tent of Meeting, and they fell upon their faces; and the glory of the Lord appeared to them (Num. 20:2-6). (1) In the following verses 7-13, God tells them to take the rod of Moses and gather the people together, and Moses should then speak to the rock and call upon it to have water pour forth. Instead, Moses strikes the rock with his rod, and water flows out. God then tells Moses and Aaron that because they did not sanctify His name, neither of them will enter the Promised Land. As the story is told, a number of problems appear. First, the nature of Moses' sin is not clear. Was there even a sin? Moreover, two instructions--possibly ambiguous--were given to him: 'Take the rod ... [but] speak to the rock (Num. 20:8). In addition, the same punishment ordained for Moses is also imposed on Aaron, even though his role appears to be quite minor. Finally, is there a concomitance, a connection, between the sin and the punishment, between not sanctifying God's name and not being allowed to enter the Promised Land? Perhaps a way to answer these questions is to consider this incident in terms of psychological transference from the earlier quasi-rebellious situation at Rephidim (Ex. 17:1-6) and the clearly rebellious episode led by Korah (Num. 16:1-35). Psychological transference involves the influence of memories of past events on interpretation of and reaction to current events. In its psychoanalytic sense, Ernest Jones (2) offers two meanings: (1) Displacement of affect (emotions) from one idea to another; (2) more specifically, displacement of an affect, either positive or negative, from one person to another. It is the latter definition that has been primary in psychoanalysis, focusing upon the therapeutic process. Freud (3) likewise refers to positive transference (related to love) and negative transference (hostility). However formulated, transference involves an affect or emotion within the person wherein the external object or objects are stimuli to the individual to experience affects associated with others in the past. Transference need not be limited to individuals. An intense emotional experience with a group of people in the present might recreate a similar emotional experience that had taken place in the past. I shall attempt to demonstrate that such was the case with Moses and Aaron at the Waters of Meribah by analyzing what happened years before at Rephidim and with the rebellion of Korah. REPHIDIM (4) (EXODUS 17)--YEAR 1 IN THE DESERT Within weeks of the Exodus, 40 years before the encounter at Waters of Meribah, there was a similar complaint regarding lack of water at Rephidim. (5) 1 And all the congregation of the people of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the Lord, and camped in Rephidim; and there was no water for the people to drink. 2 Therefore the people complained to Moses, and said, 'Give us water that we may drink. …


Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is widely applied in many fields, and the discharge characteristics of insert gas have been the research focus for years. In this paper, fluid models of atmospheric Ar and He DBDs driven by 22 kHz sinusoidal voltage are built to analyze their ignition processes. The contributions of different electron sources in ignition process are analyzed, including the direct ionization of ground state atom, stepwise ionization of metastable particles, and secondary electron emission from dielectric wall, and they play different roles in different discharge stages. The Townsend direct ionization coefficient of He is higher than Ar with the same electrical field intensity, which is the direct reason for the different ignition thresholds between He and Ar. Further, the electron energy loss per free electron produced in Ar and He DBDs is discussed. It is found that the total electron energy loss rate of Ar is higher than He when the same electrical field is applied. The excitation react...


On each of 5 days, rabbits were given subcutaneously 75% of the single lethal dose of Pyramidon (aminopyrine), divided into three daily doses. The animals were killed on the 6th day and the degree of glutamic acid – oxaloacetic acid – transaminase activity of the liver and kidneys was examined. It could be established that activity in the liver increased by 41% and that of the kidneys by 87%. These values are correlated with the lesions which were previously noted in these organs. The increased seral activity as well as the ratio of activity of the organs of the treated and untreated animals is attributed to increased permeability and necrosis in hepatic and renal cells.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of poloxamer 188 as co-emulsifier on the pharmaceutical property of emulsion.METHODS: Diclofenac sodium was used as model drug and poloxamer 188 as co-emulsifier,the emulsion was prepared by high pressure homogen-colostrum pH adjusting method,with its entrapment efficiency,particle size,ξ-electric potential etc determined.RESULTS: The emulsion which was added with poloxamer 188 showed decreased entrapment efficiency and ξ-electric potential but increased particle size as comapred with the one without poloxamer 188.CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical property of emulsion wouldn't necessarily be enhanced by adding poloxamer 188 as co-emulsifier.


Our goal was to test an online nutrition education program delivered using social media platforms on the food literacy levels of university students. We experimented with students from universities in northeastern Brazil, organized into three groups: an intervention group (A), which accessed the program content on social media platforms and participated in online activities as a group; a positive control group (B), which only accessed the content of our program on social media platforms; and, finally, a negative control group (C). We applied to all groups a pre- and post-assessment questionnaire on food literacy self-perception. Within groups, the increase in food literacy score was significant only in group A (8.15 ± 13.98), demonstrating the effectiveness of our program. However, comparison among groups showed that accessing the content on social media platforms by itself had no effect on food literacy (group B: 4.88 ± 11.13 and C: 0.16 ± 5.88). Interaction in a small group was key to increasing food literacy. We hope our study can foster a better understanding of how online nutrition education programs are assessed, considering that metrics provided by social media platforms do not inform about educational outcomes.


The paper attempts a broader, systems definition of the agriculture sector. It tries to establish the relevance of managerial concerns to tasks of decision-making in the agriculture sector. This is done through brief illustrations of concrete situations. Finally, the approach as followed in the Centre for Management in Agriculture, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad is discussed.


If anyone ever doubted that America was God's chosen country, the events of the 1980s should have been reassuring. Electing Ronald Reagan, a onetime movie star, to lead them, to determine their future in a world of extraordinary complexity, with nuclear holocaust a hair's breadth away, was the ultimate act of faith by the American people. Their faith did not go unrewarded. Reagan was a man of unusual charm, with an appealing self-deprecating sense of humor. He was a likeable man, who shared the nostalgia many Americans felt for the days of American hegemony. He offered himself as their leader at a time when their economy was a shambles, when they were still heartsick from defeat in Vietnam and from the humiliation of the Iranian hostage crisis. Once in the White House, he restored the nation's confidence in itself and its future. He was the charismatic leader his people wanted. His impact was reminiscent of that of his early idol, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who had assured hungry Americans, frightened by the grinding misery of the Great Depression, that they had "nothing to fear, but fear itself," that they had "a rendezvous with destiny." Unlike Roosevelt, Reagan knew little about the world in which the United States had long been the dominant power. He was uninformed – and not terribly interested. Details, such as the political orientation of various governments, bored and eluded him. Efforts by foreign policy specialists to explain were often futile. He ignored briefing books and dozed while the intricacies of military strategy were presented to him.


Monitoring the condition of induction motors is becoming highly important in various industries. There are many more condition monitoring methods including thermal monitoring, vibration monitoring,chemical monitoring and acoustic emission monitoring. But all monitoring methods require costlier sensors or specialized tools whereas current monitoring methods do not require additional sensors. This is because of electrical quantities associated with the electrical motors such as current and voltage are measured by using current and potential transformers that are installed always as a part of protection scheme. The output point of view current monitoring is non-interfering and implemented in the motor control center remotely from the motors being monitored. The present work intends the current monitoring method is applied to detect the various types of faults in induction motor such as electrically related faults. Knowledge based fuzzy logic approach helps in diagnosing the induction motor faults. Actually, fuzzy logic is just like a human intelligent processes and natural language enabling decisions to be made based on obscure information. Therefore, current work enforces fuzzy logic to induction motor fault spotting and resolving. The motor condition is identified by using linguistic variables. Fault condition is diagnosed based on the current amplitude in addition to the knowledge is expressed in membership function and fuzzy rules. The model is designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK with the data obtained under both healthy and different faulty conditions.


Great values like honesty, dignity, rights, positive attitudes and respect are good attributes to understand and strengthen relationships between various communities and cultural groups. Respect and positive attitudes are probably the most important characteristics to foster these relationships and understanding. In the world in which we are living today, and it is rightly called" the global village", we cannot imagine living in harmony without respect towards other cultures and beliefs. Lack of respect for diversity and cultural groups may cause economic injustice, political double standards, social oppression and disharmony among communities. Through my involvement in various multi-cultural activities and interfaith dialogue, it has emerged that one of the main barriers for "respect" is the lack of understanding between communities and cultural groups. A lack of 'respect' on the part of young people is also a recurring theme in many communities.

This presentation will explore ways and means to develop a society where people of diverse faiths and cultures can live together and build a more inclusive community grounded in respect of differences based on age, race, ethnicity, gender, religion, culture, and national origin.

Some possible strategies to breakdown the barriers which I will explore include:

Helping people to reach their full potential through education,
Interacting more with neighborhoods in order to foster mutual respect and understanding,
Cultural dialogue through formal and informal gatherings,
Celebrating and sharing cultural traditions associated with different ethnic backgrounds.


: Changing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to minimize the performance degradation in wireless networks has been a long-standing examination issue. Numerous strategies have been proposed to minimize TCP's performance degradation in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Among them Ad hoc TCP (AHTCP) utilizes a conclusion to-end approach which requires insignificant changes at the sender and beneficiary, gives the adaptability to in reverse similarity, keeps up end-to-end TCP semantics and is TCP-accommodating. It utilizes end-to-end estimations to congestion, disconnection, route change, and channel error, and each detection result triggers corresponding control actions. This paper proposes New-AHTCP (N-AHTCP) an improvement on AHTCP. To minimize the performance degradation of AHTCP we consider following: guarantee adequate transfer speed use of the sender- receiver path;; stay away from the over-limiting so as to burden of system TCP's congestion window Less than the Upper Bound of Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP-UB) of the path; check for beginning blockage by calculating inter-packet delay contrast and short-term throughput utilizing Relative Sample Density (RSD) method. In a beginning blockage condition, we reduce Congestion Window Limit (CWL) to half, which constrains the packet send by the sender and does not permit the congestion to develop. In this way the algorithm tries to stay in congestion avoidance phase so as to shirk stage at all times and responding incipient congestion.. Consequences of recreation utilizing NS-2 demonstrate that N-AHTCP execution is better than that of AHTCP for all levels of traffic intensity in the network system. The good put performance is improved by 20%-40% in N-AHTCP.


Gregory 1 175 is an eleventhcentury Greek manuscript from Patmos containing the book of Acts, the Pauline Epistles, and the Catholic Epistles. According to many significant critical editions of the Greek NT, including von Soden, Merk, Bover, and Nestle,2 MS 1 175 is a witness to the Alexandrian texttype in both Acts and the Catholic Epistles. In this article we are concerned with the manuscript's text-type in the Catholics only. Results from my studies in 1974 on the Greek manuscripts of the Johannine Epistles3 showed that in 1, 2, 3 John, MS 1175 is definitely a solid witness, not to the Alexandrian text, but rather, to the Byzantine text. Two alternatives quite naturally arose: (1) has MS 1175 been classified incorrectly in all of the Catholics, or, (2) is MS 1175 Alexandrian in some of the Catholics and Byzantine in 1-3 John and possibly others? In either case, on the basis of my work in 1-3 John, the classifications of this manuscript by von Soden, Merk, Bover, and Nestle in their critical texts, and by


We read with great interest the article by Yu et al1 in the August 13, 2013 issue of Circulation . As recognized in the accompanying editorial,2 it remains controversial whether oxidative stress and the resulting oxidative damage are a cause or a consequence of atherosclerosis. The overall disappointing outcome of prospective clinical trials of antioxidants has led to a lively debate on whether the oxidative modification hypothesis has been adequately tested.3 In addition, modified versions of the original hypothesis have been formulated, including the notion that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction cause atherogenesis. To test this hypothesis, Yu et al1 used mice deficient for mitochondrial polymerase-γ proofreading activity and apolipoprotein E (polG−/− …


1. Tarek A. Belal, MD*
2. Nihal Magdi Al Menabawy, MD†

1. *Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ

2. †Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine–Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

A previously healthy 9-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with acute-onset headache, vomiting, and blurry vision. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg, Glasgow Coma Scale score of 10, bilateral papilledema and splinter hemorrhages, and bilateral abducens palsy. Petechial rash is visible on the trunk and extremities. Brain computed tomography scan shows obstructive hydrocephalus (Fig 1). Laboratory tests show a platelet count of 72 × 103/μL (72 × 109/L) and normal hemoglobin, white blood cell count, international normalized ratio (INR)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen. He is given a platelet transfusion and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed. Normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture results rule out an infectious cause.

Figure 1.
Brain computed tomography scan of the patient showing dilation of both lateral ventricles denoting hydrocephalus.

Postoperatively the boy continues to have high blood pressures (despite antihypertensive medications) that are initially attributed to increased intracranial pressure. However, additional evaluation reveals concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, atrophic right kidney with grade II nephropathy, hypertrophic left kidney, normal renal artery Doppler findings bilaterally, and normal blood urea nitrogen/creatinine. Urinalysis shows 1+ albumin, 15 to 20 red blood cells, and ++ granular casts. Clinicians suggest the presence of long-standing hypertension. He experiences postoperative bleeding from incision sites despite …


In all epochs there has always been discussion of the incompatibility of mental phenomena and standards of rational thinking, especially during times of social anxiety, when the familiar guideposts that lend life relative stability and reliability are lost. A sense that events are irrational and fundamentally unpredictable arises, regardless of whether the reference is to external events or the discussion concerns one's own organism. The body image begins to form in childhood, absorbing knowledge associated with sciences such as anatomy, physiology, and medicine, which is informed by the latter. For an alert consciousness, there are days when these stereotypes, tried and tested over the ages, begin to be shaky. Our consciousness has a prognostic function. At any moment in time, it may, so to speak, "get ahead of itself on the basis of these stereotypes. But when they begin to fail, when the unpredictability of the future, both immediate and long-term, begins to threaten existence, fertile soil is created ...