Preface ix PART I : EXPOSITION CHAPTER ONE: Varieties of Skepticism 3 CHAPTER TWO: "Veil of Perception" Skepticism 6 CHAPTER THREE: Skepticism and Metaphysics (a Puzzle) 13 CHAPTER FOUR: Kant's Pyrrhonian Crisis 16 CHAPTER FIVE: Humean Skepticism 21 CHAPTER SIX: Kant's Reformed Metaphysics 33 CHAPTER SEVEN: Defenses against Humean Skepticism 40 CHAPTER EIGHT: Defenses against Pyrrhonian Skepticism 44 PART II : CRITICAL ASSESSMENT CHAPTER NINE: Some Relatively Easy Problems 55 CHAPTER TEN: A Metaphysics of Morals? 58 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Failures of Self-Reflection 63 CHAPTER TWELVE: The Pyrrhonist's Revenge 76 Notes 93 Index 149


This paper presents a study on potential radio frequency (RF) emissions from photovoltaic (PV) modules, designed to power a typical low-frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA) antenna element. Both conducted and radiated emissions were investigated to assess the impact of RF emissions on receiver sensitivity. The objective is to develop a method to screen PV modules at the component level. The method is correlated with measured results when a module is powering an antenna element to ensure that any emissions will not degrade receiver performance, while meeting SKA site requirements.


In the current intelligent manufacturing scenario, single-mode perception limits the accuracy and safety of the human-robot collaboration process, and cannot adapt to the assembly operation requirements of robots in complex industrial environments. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) framework for a dual-robot intelligent assembly system based on multimodal perception. This framework aims to provide multimodal information interaction for robot control through gesture perception, speech perception, human body perception, and visual perception. To verify the effectiveness of this framework, it was applied to the assembly scene of the integrally shrouded blade-rotor system. Experiments show that the multimodal perception dual-robot intelligent assembly system can better realize the HRC assembly of the integrally shrouded blade and improve the intelligence of the assembly process. It shows that the framework can promote robots to flexibly and accurately perceive information among people, robots, and objects to complete intelligent assembly. The multimodal information interaction effectively improves the operational robustness of the dual-robot intelligent assembly system in complex industrial environments and complex tasks.


We consider two classes of quantum generalisations of random access code (RAC) and study the bounds for probabilities of success for such tasks. It provides a useful framework for the study of certain information processing tasks with constrained resources. The first class is based on a RAC with quantum inputs and output known as the no-signalling quantum RAC (NS-QRAC) box (Grudka et al 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 052312), where unbounded entanglement and constrained classical communication are allowed. We show that it can be seen as quantum teleportation with constrained classical communication and provide a lower quantum bound for the success probability. We consider two modifications to the NS-QRAC scenario: the first, where unbounded entanglement and constrained quantum communication is allowed and the second, where bounded entanglement and unconstrained classical communication is allowed. We find a monogamy relation for the transmission fidelities, which—in contrast to the usual communication schemes—involves multiple senders and a single receiver. We provide an upper bounds for the latter and a lower one for the former. The second class is based on a RAC with a quantum channel and shared entanglement (Tavakoli et al 2021 PRX Quantum 2 040357). We study the set of tasks where two inputs made of two digits of d-base are encoded over a qudit and a maximally entangled state. We show that such tasks can be seen as quantum dense-coding with constrained quantum communication and explicit protocols, which give lower quantum bounds for the tasks' efficiency, in dimensions d=2,3,4 . The employed encoding utilises Gray codes.


Inspired by the limpet's shell, this study reports an inexpensive and straightforward strategy to create sealed photonic crystals from colloidal hollow microspheres. From the mechanically sealed structure and the periodically isolated air microcavities, the resulting sealed colloidal crystals show enhanced mechanical robustness and an ultrastable photonic band gap. In contrast to the sensitivity and the concomitant tuning capability in conventional opals and inverse opals, the sealed structure repels any liquid, even under high pressure, resulting in ultrastable photonic band gap properties. Moreover, with surface modification, its self‐cleaning ability prevents the deterioration of iridescence resulting from surface pollution. This novel photonic structure shows its potential utility in applications requiring an ultrastable photonic band gap in an extreme environment. This study demonstrates this by photonic crystal lasing at a constant wavelength for a sealed crystal, whether dry in air or submerged in water.


In this paper a novel frequency domain technique estimating the significance of blocking artifacts in images coded using the Discrete Cosine Transform is proposed. First a gradient image is computed which is then split into blocks. For each block, the blocking artifacts in the horizontal and vertical directions are detected by comparing ratios obtained from harmonics in each block with the corresponding ratios in the same block of the reference image. An image quality metric based on the significance of the differences of the ratios between the test picture and the reference picture for each block is introduced.


With the increased demand for multifunctional carbon-based composite materials in the aeronautical industry, there is a need for developing advanced nanostructured composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are a viable filler ingredient for polymer-based nanocomposites because of their high aspect ratio and outstanding electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity is a major factor in the feasibility of CNT-polymer-based nanocomposite for electromagnetic shielding. A material's ability to effectively block an electromagnetic field is measured by its shielding effectiveness (SE). The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE) of CNT-epoxy nanocomposite in X-band (8–12 GHz) frequency is investigated experimentally in this work. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite is measured. The study is performed with different filler loading varying from 0.05 wt% to 3 wt%.


Pathogen detection has become an extremely important part of our nation?s defense in this post 9/11 world where the threat of bioterrorist attacks are a grim reality. When a biological attack takes place, response time is critical. The faster the biothreat is assessed, the faster countermeasures can be put in place to protect the health of the general public. Today some of the most widely used methods for detecting pathogens are either time consuming or not reliable [1]. Therefore, a method that can detect multiple pathogens that is inherently reliable, rapid, automated and field portable is needed. To that end, we are developing automated fluidics systems for the recovery, cleanup, and direct labeling of community RNA from suspect environmental samples. The advantage of using RNA for detection is that there are multiple copies of mRNA in a cell, whereas there are normally only one or two copies of DNA [2]. Because there are multiple copies of mRNA in a cell for highly expressed genes, no amplification of the genetic material may be necessary, and thus rapid and direct detection of only a few cells may be possible [3]. This report outlines the development of both manual and automated methods formore » the extraction and purification of mRNA. The methods were evaluated using cell lysates from Escherichia coli 25922 (nonpathogenic), Salmonella typhimurium (pathogenic), and Shigella spp (pathogenic). Automated RNA purification was achieved using a custom sequential injection fluidics system consisting of a syringe pump, a multi-port valve and a magnetic capture cell. mRNA was captured using silica coated superparamagnetic beads that were trapped in the tubing by a rare earth magnet. RNA was detected by gel electrophoresis and/or by hybridization of the RNA to microarrays. The versatility of the fluidics systems and the ability to automate these systems allows for quick and easy processing of samples and eliminates the need for an experienced operator.« less


Home Automation Industry has gained quite momentum in the last decade, but the cost for the same is not something that everyone could achieve. Amplifying traditional switchboards to smart was possible at the cost of losing the ability to operate them by mechanical switching. This paper presents an invention of a Smart SwitchBox that can be complimented in the existing modular switchboards to modify the traditional Switches to Smart Switches using the Internet of Things. The Smart SwitchBox is controlled by a networking device such as a mobile or personal computer that has the ability for connecting to WiFi or the internet. After the installation of the SwitchBox, it has to be connected to a cloud-based application that will be sending commands to the particular switches on the smart switchbox. The SwitchBox can be programmed with the number of switches that are required by the user or the room. The system could be controlled manually as well with no issues of reverse toggling of the switches because of the bi-controlling option. The switchbox gives the user the management of the switches remotely without reducing the essence of being able to operate it manually as well.


Two cloned cDNAs derived from the mRNA for cell fibronectin have been sequenced, providing evidence that transcription with AMV reverse transcriptase or Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I may not always result in double stranded cDNA that is exactly homologous with its mRNA template. Instead, the sequences of these cloned cDNAs are consistent with the duplication and rearrangement of sequences during synthesis of double stranded cDNA.


Summary form only given. The laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method is suitable for growing fiber crystal and for examining various growth conditions. Using this method, we have tried to make a Cr/sup 4+/:YAG laser crystal, which is promising as an ultrashort light source at communication wavelengths near 1.5 /spl mu/m. It is commonly known that a strain region, which is called a facet, emerges in YAG crystal made from the melt, such as the one grown by the Czochralski method. The facetted region is inadequate for a lasing media. In the early stage of our study, the occurrence of such a strain region was inevitable. We discovered, however, a growing condition that suppresses facet formation. In this paper, we describe the production of the strain-free Cr/sup 4+/:YAG crystal by the LHPG method and also its lasing characteristic.


Article: Vonoprazan Triple and Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection in the United States and Europe: Randomized Clinical Trial (Gastroenterology 2022;163:608-619


Background Context: Walking limitations caused by neurogenic claudication (NC) are typically assessed with self-reported measures, though objective evaluation of walking utilizing motorized treadmill test (MTT) or self-paced walking tests (SPWT) have periodically appeared in the lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) literature. Purpose: This study compared the validity and responsiveness of MTT and SPWT for assessing walking ability before and after common treatments for NC. Study Design: Prospective, observational cohort study Patient Sample: 50 adults were recruited from an urban spine center if they had LSS, substantial walking limitations from NC, and were scheduled to undergo surgery (20%) or conservative treatment (80%). Outcome Measures: Walking times, distances and speeds along with characteristics of NC symptoms were recorded for MTT and SPWT. Self-reported measures included back and leg pain intensity assessed with 0 – 10 numeric pain scale, disability assessed with Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), walking ability assessed with estimated walking times and distances, and subscales from the Spinal Stenosis Questionnaires (SSQ). Methods: MTT used a level track, and SPWT were conducted in a rectangular hallway. Walking speeds were self-selected and test endpoints were: a) NC, b) fatigue, or c) completed the 30-minute test protocol. Results from MTT and SPWT were compared with each other and with self-reported measures. Internal responsiveness was assessed by comparing changes in initial to post-treatments results, and external responsiveness by comparing walking test results between those that improved with those that did not improve by self-report criteria. Results: Mean age was 68 years. 58% were male. NC included leg pain (88%), and buttock(s) pain (12%). 5 participants could not safely perform MTT. Walking speeds were faster and distances were greater with SPWT, although results from both tests correlated with each other and with self-reported measures. 72% of participants reported improvement following treatment which was confirmed by significant mean differences in self-reported measures. MTT results did not demonstrate internal responsiveness to change in clinical status following treatment, but SPWT did with increased mean walking times (6 min) and distances (387 m). When responsiveness was assessed against external criterion, both SPWT and MTT demonstrated substantial divergence with self-reported changes in clinical status and alternative outcome measures. Conclusions: Both MTT and SPWT can quantify walking abilities in NC. As outcome tools, SPWT demonstrated better internal responsive than MTT, but neither test demonstrated external responsiveness. Neither test should be considered as a meaningful substitution for disease specific measures of function.


In this paper, we present a new architecture to build grids that can execute parallel programs based on legacy code. This architecture is layer based and software component performances are validated with benchmarks. To illustrate the construction of a grid using the proposed architecture, we develop a case study that consists of a grid oriented to efficient execution of Java bytecode for which we validate and integrate legacy code of parallel linear algebra.


Given at the NISO/PALINET workshop "Getting the Most from Your Institutional Repository" at the National Agricultural Library, 3 December 2007.


Multidimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry is a relatively new, highly versatile and productive technique that is ideally suited for the detection of PACs in environmental samples. Air samples collected in Slocan Park in Vancouver and in Langley, BC (a semi-rural site) during the PACIFIC 2001 field study and aerosol samples from St. Anicet in Quebec (a rural site) collected in 2006 were analyzed for their PAC content. In addition to the parent PAH, many alkylated-PAH, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen heterocyclic analogues of the parent PAH were detected. Many of the PAHs observed at these sites were also found in diesel exhaust.


This optical element is provided with: a wavelength conversion member comprising a first region and a second region that have differing concentrations of a wavelength conversion material; and at least one heat dissipation member that is in contact with the wavelength conversion member. The concentration in the first region is higher than the concentration in the second region, and the heat dissipation member is in contact with the first region of the wavelength conversion member.


Convective vorticity vector(CVV,(ζa×θe)/ρ) and moist vorticity vector(MVV,(ζa×qv)/ρ) introduced by Gao et al.in 2004,2005,and 2007 are used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China.The result shows that vertical components of the CVV and the MVV are closely associated with clouds and precipitation.Analysis of domain-averaged and mass-integrated quantities shows that the linear correlation coefficients between the vertical component of the CVV(MVV) and the sum of mixing ratio of cloud hydrometeors is 0.92(0.95),and that between the vertical component of the CVV(MVV) and precipitation rate is 0.71(0.47).Cloud hydrometeors can be further broken into ice hydrometeor and water hydrometeors.Although ice hydrometeors are little,they contribute more to the evolution of clouds.Analysis of lag correlation suggests that minimum cloud hydrometeor leads the maximum precipitation rate by 4-5 h,and maximum cloud hydrometeor lags maximum precipitation rate by 1-2 h.The lag correlation coefficient between cloud hydrometeors and precipitation rate is mainly determined by the weighted lag correlation coefficient between water hydrometeors and surface rain rate,only one fourth of the lag correlation coefficient is contributed to the weighted lag correlation coefficients between ice hydrometeors and surface rain rate.Vertical components of CVV and MVV are well correlated with cloud hydrometeors(in phase or lag correlation) and precipitation rate,and they may represent the development of clouds and convective system.The local changes of Cz and Mz lead surface rain rate by 3 h,which may be a precursor for rainfall and has potential significance for rainfall prediction.The linear correlation coefficient between the local change of Cz and surface rain rate is larger than that between the local change of Mz and surface rain rate.Therefore,the local change of Cz can be used to estimate the change of surface rain rate in operational forecast.


Objective To probe into design and realization of the hospital refined management system. Methods Oracle data warehouse technology and Hospital Information System were integrated to design and realize the hospital refined management system. Results The hospital refined management system was constructed based on Hospital Information System. Conclusion The system contributes to the refined management and scientific decision making.


Smardon (1983) and Gobster et al. (2007) proposed development of a theory of ecological aesthetics whereby individuals could learn to value landscapes such as wooded wetlands for their intrinsic ecological value versus more surface artistic and culturally ingrained aesthetic values (Smardon 1983). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Project (2005) proposed the valuation of ecosystem services, defined as regulatory, provisional, ecosystem support and cultural services provided for us by nature, free of charge. The challenge here is: How can we use cultural ecosystem services derived from scenic landscapes and seascapes for scenic resource management and assessment? This paper reviews the work done to date on assessing ecosystem cultural services related to water-based scenic landscape resources and then applies it to an Upstate New York lake landscape.


Abstract In light of technological advances enabling military couples to communicate throughout deployment, spouses of deployed service members often make decisions about what to share with service members and how to respond to service members' concerns. In doing so, they manage an emotional boundary between service members and their families. This study focused on 2 behaviors military spouses may use when managing this boundary, namely their minimization of (a) their own concerns (i.e., self-directed minimization) and (b) service members' concerns (i.e., partner-directed minimization). The purpose of the current study was to identify correlates and consequences of these behaviors. Findings from a longitudinal structural equation model using 3 waves of data from a sample of 154 married military couples in which the husband was a male National Guard soldier indicated that spouses were more likely to minimize both their own—and service members'—concerns when they themselves reported higher levels of depressive symptomology prior to deployment. Spouses' minimization of service members' concerns during deployment, in turn, predicted higher levels of service members' depressive symptomology at reintegration, even after accounting for their initial depressive symptomology and combat exposure. Implications for intervention efforts aimed at promoting individual and couple adjustment to deployment are discussed.


The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that mothers worldwide exclusively breastfeed their infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Indonesia had not fulfilled the global standard of breastfeeding rate so that there was low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in East Jakarta, especially for female healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices of healthcare workers. This was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The recruited sample consisted of 85 female public health center workers with infants aged 6-24 months. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The results showed that the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding was 54.1%. Variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding were knowledge, attitude, family support, co-worker support, and healthcare worker support. Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge and age were the dominant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices with an odds ratio (OR) adjusted OR of 14 and 5, re¬spectively. Knowledge was an influential factor in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, creating a training program related to breastfeeding would be expected to improve knowledge. Besides, a supportive policy such as providing breastfeeding facilities was needed.


Wilsonian idealists articulate a vision of the domestic political economy that evolved coherently over time as their view of internationalism did? How did Wilsonians in the 1920s look upon the War Industries Board of World War I? Did this perception change over time? Did Wilsonian idealists like Stevenson in the 1950s agree with their predecessors of the late 1930s that the domestic programs of the New Deal were evidence of a growing nationalism that threatened international prosperity and peace? Addressing such questions might have compelled Steigerwald to broaden his criticism of Wilsonian idealism. It may be that the problems with Wilsonian idealism lie less in its faith in public reason or its naive understanding of human nature than in the way its displaces a concern over national affairs for those of a hypothetical international community. True statesmanship may demand recognizing that benevolence for the average person is a limited commodity that cannot easily be extended to include the nation-state, much less beyond it. For better or worse, democracy may begin and end at home. Any brand of liberalism in the next century that fails to remember this simple fact runs the risk of walking in the footsteps tread by Wilsonian idealists for much of the twentieth century.


The invention relates to an aero-engine multiaxis rotor assembling method and device based on a radial and axial datum and belongs to the mechanical assembling technology. A measuring method and a measuring device of the aero-engine multiaxis rotor assembling method and device determine the rotation datum based on a magnetic levitation rotation shaft system; an optical-electricity encoder is used for determining angle positioning of a rotation platform; based on a four-measuring-head measuring device, the radial errors of a rotor radial assembling face and the inclination errors of a rotor axial assembling face are extracted to obtain the influence weight of a rotor on the coaxial degree of the assembled rotor is obtained; all rotors needed by assembly are measured respectively to obtain the influence weights on the coaxial degrees of the assembled rotors by all the rotors are obtained; the weights of all the rotors receive vector optimization to obtain the assembly angles of all the rotors. According to the aero-engine multiaxis rotor assembling method and device based on the radial and axial datum, the problem that the coaxial degrees of rotors are low after the rotors of an aero-engine are assembled is solved. The aero-engine multiaxis rotor assembling method and device based on the radial and axial datum have the advantages of being capable of relieving vibration, high in flexibility and capable of improving the performance of the engine and the coaxial degrees of the rotors after being assembled are high. The aero-engine multiaxis rotor assembling device is easy to install.


ABSTRACT This clinical paper explores aspects of unconscious communication and dissociation during the authors first year in psychoanalytic training, as an early career clinician. The author explores dissociation subjectively experienced as a form of communicating both consciously and unconsciously. The analyst/analysand relationship is expressed as the conduit for optimal exposure to dissociated self-states in what has been coined the parallel process. A glance into the authors supervision, personal analysis and treatment with a two times a week patient is brought center stage.


In disaster affected regions, communication and coordination among different authorities like volunteers, army and government personals are extremely important for smooth rescue operations. A major problem faced by the rescue workers during post disaster scenario is the frequent communication disruption from the conventional networks (like cellular), and therefore information collection and coordination among different parties get affected. To meet the coordination requirements of victims as well as rescue team members, we need to provide continuous, effective and reliable communication channels. Therefore, there is a requirement to build an alternate ad hoc network infrastructure that is efficient, robust and scalable in information exchange with minimum setup time and within cost constraints. In this paper, we consider a three-tier network architecture to support above mentioned challenges and focus on providing efficient information transfer with minimum data loss and compliance to network constraints. It provides end-to-end connectivity between workers/volunteers and control station, that requires large amount of packet exchange. It can be noted that this alternate network is primarily developed for information collection from the affected regions, and therefore, based on the information availability at different regions, there is a requirement to redistribute network resources like bandwidth, delay constraints etc. As a consequence, we need an adaptive and efficiently redistribution of network resources for ensuring service quality. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for efficient routing over the proposed alternate communication infrastructure, considering redistribution of resources and dynamic bandwidth utilization based on information availability at different disaster affected regions. The proposed network architecture along with the resource redistribution algorithm is implemented over ONE network simulator framework, and the performance of the scheme is analyzed and compared with other state-of-the-art mechanisms for challenged networks.


Abstract The spotlight is on the aesthetics industry now more than ever, with a significant review of cosmetic interventions currently taking place (Department of Health, 2012). As a result of this scrutiny, aesthetic nurses will eventually be afforded the opportunity to shape their own unique educational needs. However, until that time, aesthetic nurses need to work within the frameworks already in place for post-registration nurse education. This article gives aesthetic nurses an understanding of how higher educational institutes provide learning pathways, along with associated regulations and terminology. It provides information for self-employed aesthetic nurses on credit accumulation, entry requirements, accredited learning, levels and qualifications, and the modular approach to academic study.


Objective To invstigate the clinical effects of the expansive bilateral opening-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty with the saving of cervical semispinalis.Methods The retrospective study involved 189 patients undergone bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty from February 2001 to July 2009.The 189 patients were divided into cervial semispinalis cutting group(C3-C7 laminoplasty,102 cases) and cervial semispinalis saving group(C3 laminectomy,C4-C7 laminoplasty,87 cases).The JapaneseOrthopaedic Association(JOA) scoring was applied to evaluate the nerve function.The visual analogue score(VAS) was applied to evaluate axial symptom(AS) degree.Results There had significant difference witn operat time,cervical curvature and range of motion,neck support fixation time between two groups(P 0.05).Compared with the preoperation,the VAS decreased at the last follow-up(P 0.05);and the difference between two groups had statistical significance(P 0.05).Compared with the preoperation,the JOA scoring increased 6 months after operation in two groups(P 0.05);but there had no statistical difference between two groups(P 0.05).The occurring rate of AS was 30.2%(57/189),including cervical semispinalis cutting group 37 cases(19.6%),cervical semispinalis saving group 20 cases(10.6%),the difference between two groups had statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion The bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty can improve nerve function,and the postoperative AS of patients can be reduced if retaining cervical semispinalis by shortening operative time,keeping cervical curvature and maintaining range of motion.


A three-component Mannich-type reaction catalyzed by the Lewis acid-core metallodendrimers prepared from the dendritic 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and Cu(OTf) 2 proceeded smoothly in water. A positive dendritic effect on the chemical yields of the Mannich products was observed.


Responsive to centrifugal force and shear stress gene 1(Recs1) was reported to be involved in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) signaling.RECS1 knockout mice were prone to cystic medium degeneration and aortic dilation,accompanied by enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9.We identified RECS1 as an interacting protein of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1) and negatively regulated TNFR1-induced NF-κB activation.Two motifs NPLY and SPEDY were characterized and shown to be essential for the inhibitory effect of RECS1 on TNFR1-mediated NF-κB activation,although the deletion of SPEDY did not affect the interaction of RECS1 with TNFR1.In addition,immunostaining showed a partial endosomal colocalization of RECS1 with TNFR1.The participation of RECS1 in the regulation of vascular development and remodeling by negatively regulating TNF-α signaling needs to be further demonstrated.


This paper addresses the propeller and rudder fault detection problems of automation underwater vehicle (AUV) since the actuator reliability is of great significance to the system security. Based on the six degree of freedom model of underwater vehicle, an extended state observer (ESO) and adaptive threshold based fault detection scheme is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the expanded state variables are used to obtain the diagnosis residuals between actual and estimated outputs. Further, an improved adaptive threshold is designed to monitor the change of residuals aiming at reducing the fault missing alarms. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has an outstanding detection sensitivity for AUV actuators.


In this work three dimensional full-vector beam propagation method derived directly from Maxwell equations and combined with the exact equations describing director reorientation are presented. Molecules reorientation model bases on the Frank-Oseen equation with two angles (twist and azimuthal) describing molecule orientation. Solutions of light propagation in chiral nematic liquid crystals for different input beam polarization are shown. Formation of a soliton-like beam which has been already observed in many experiments is analyzed. Comparison between two-angle model and one-angle model assuming reorientation in a single plane is also provided.


This longitudinal study examined the relations between teacher enthusiasm, supportive instructional practices, and students' mastery goal orientation and behavioral engagement in mathematics. All variables were assessed by means of student reports. A total of 751 9th and 10th grade secondary school students from 46 mathematics classrooms were presented with questionnaires at the beginning (Time 1) and the middle of the school year (Time 2). Structural equation analyses revealed that student-perceived teacher enthusiasm at Time 1 predicted student-perceived support for autonomy, competence, social relatedness, and subject matter relevance at Time 2. Student-perceived support for autonomy and social relatedness (Time 2) were related to students' mastery goal orientation and their behavioral engagement (Time 2). Moreover, student-perceived teacher enthusiasm (Time 1) indirectly predicted students' mastery goal orientation (Time 2) via student-perceived support for social relatedness and autonomy (Time 2). The findings contribute to research aimed at identifying teacher characteristics and instructional processes that promote student motivation.


On request of CAI course ware of Pneumatics,the author uses Flash software to change the static Pneu- matic circuit to moving pictures.Thus visually lays out the principle of Pneumatics transmission,which causes ef- fective teaching results.


Plankton collections from 58 lakes of the Prince Albert Park and the southern half of Saskatchewan yielded 292 species and varieties of algae, among them Chaetoceros Elmorei, Nodularia spumigena, and a new variety of Lyngbya Birgei. The lakes, chemically alkaline, are classified as freshwater and saline, and the various classes of algae are briefly discussed with reference to these two types of lakes. A list of the species collected is given, showing localities and relative abundance of each type.


The extensive integration of interconnected devices and the inadvertent information obtained from untrusted sources has exposed the Industrial Control Systems (ICS) ecosystem to remote attacks by the exploitation of new and old vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, although recognized as an emerging risk based on the recent rise of cyber attacks, cybersecurity for ICS has not been addressed adequately both in terms of technology but, most importantly, in terms of organizational leadership and policy. In this paper, we will present our findings regarding the cybersecurity challenges for Smart Grid and ICS and the need for changes in the way that organizations perceive cybersecurity risk and leverage resources to balance the needs for information security and operational security. Moreover, we present empirical data that point to cybersecurity governance and technology principles that can help public and private organizations to navigate successfully the technical cybersecurity challenges for ICS and Smart Grid systems. We believe that by identifying and mitigating the inherent risks in their systems, operations, and processes, enterprises will be in a better position to shield themselves and protect against current and future cyber threats.


An influence of SO 2- 4/ZrO 2 preparatory process on its catalytic properties was preliminarily investigated.It was found that SO 3 content,acid strength and catalytic activation of SO 2- 4/ZrO 2 were affected by preparatory process,including H 2SO 4 concentration and calcination temperature.The results also indicated that catalysts exhibited different morphology and crystal transition properties when they were treated at different temperatures.


Can music be the voice of an era? This question is more amplified by the present concert programs. These days concerts' programs don't consist of contemporary music hut earlier one. Though some contemporary composers music is on a few concerts programs, i


This paper discusses a method to distribute a synthesized supervisory controller for implementation on multiple physical controllers. Dependency structure matrices are used to determine a distribution of a discrete event system. The supervisor is then distributed accordingly, using an existing localization method. Communication delays between the distributed components of a supervisor may affect its behavior, due to changes in the order of events. Therefore, a delay-robustness check is performed and where needed mutex locks are employed to make the distributed supervisor delay-robust. A case study demonstrates the method, and hardware-in-the-loop testing is used to validate the distributed supervisor.


Abstract : This thesis examines the costs and benefits of two onsite energy opportunities for Command Naval Region Hawaii (CNRH) and the surrounding region. The project analyzes a proposed 50-MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system on West Loch Peninsula in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and the economic impacts of a proposed liquid natural gas (LNG)- import terminal on Waipu Peninsula in Pearl Harbor, using net present value (NPV) and cost benefit analysis. CNRH is considering collaboration with Hawaiian Electric Companies to pursue the proposed PV plant and the LNG terminal in order to meet Hawaiian Clean Energy Initiative requirements for producing 40% renewable energy by 2030. The goal of this project is to calculate the economic impacts an LNG-import terminal might have on solar PV and potential indirect impacts of pursuing both projects.


I want to say just this about them. There is a decided trend towards co6perative and joint effort in (advertising) research. Advertisers agencies and media combine to make it successful. This is a fortunate development. It furnishes a broader point of view and gives to findings an authority they might not otherwise possess. There are three major factors in control of what may happen to us, in my opinion. Changes in business sentiment, in methods of distribution, and in consumer response. A new trend in business seems to be at work today, towards fair play and a more equal opportunity in the competitive struggle. There is also a trend towards a simpler and less cumbersome scheme of distribution, to lower its cost. And, thirdly, the consumer is awakening as never before to her rights and her power to enforce them. It would be a daring prophet who ventured to foretell what is goinig to happen in the next decade. Think what has happened in the last, socially, morally, financially, politically. The only way we can tell anything about the future is to project present trends; where do they seem to lead? As far as business itself is concerned, there seems to be emerging a new working principle which is bound to have a telling effect upon advertising, and that is fair play to the average man and equal opportunity in the competitive struggle. Unfair discrimination seems to be on its way out, with all of the discriminatory prices, rates, discounts and allowances with which we have be n so long familiar. The depression undermined much that we had thought was as solid as a rock. Seven lean and desperate years put all tradition to the test; billions of property lost; millions of people without jobs. Such a collapse could not occur without business itself being put to a drastic test. Our ideas about doing business have been challenged and are being weighed in the light of a new point of view as to what is economically sound. This is being reflected in legislation, both State and Federal. Such measures as the Patman law, the Food & Drugs Bill, the Anti-Basing Point Bill, all point to what lies ahead. The average man, whether he be producer or consumer, retailer or worker, must be reckoned with as never before. This is not merely a political issue. It is too deep for politics. Mr. Roosevelt may be the champion of that movement; he is not the originator of it. It is one of those brewing sentiments in the public mind which requires a great war or widespread distress to crystallize, and we have been through both. I hold no brief for the new deal as such, but I believe it would be a dangerous mistake for business leadership not to recognize the under-current of the recent elec'A paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Marketing Society, Nov. 27, 1936.


The critical number of G, denoted by c(G), is the smallest s such that Σ(S) = G for every subset S of G with cardinality s not containing 0. The parameter c(G) was first studied by Erdős and Heilbronn in [4]. They obtained the inequality c(Zp) ≤ 3 √ 6p. Olson proved in [13] that c(Zp) ≤ √ 4p− 3 + 1. The authors of [1] obtained the inequality c(Zp) ≤ √ 4p− 7. The evaluation of c(G) for groups with composite order was first considered by Mann and Olson. They obtained the inequality c(Zp⊕Zp) ≤ 2p− 1 in [11]. Mann and Wou proved that c(Zp ⊕ Zp) = 2p − 2 in [12]. Diderrich proved in [2] the inequality p + q − 2 ≤ c(G) ≤ p+ q − 1, where G is an abelian group of order pq and q is a prime. He conjectured that c(G) = |G|/p + p − 2 if |G|/p is composite, where p is the smallest prime dividing |G|. This conjecture is proved by Diderrich and Mann in [3] for p = 2. Peng [15] proved Diderrich's conjecture if G is the additive group of a finite field. Lipkin [9] obtained a proof of this conjecture in the case of cyclic groups with large order. This conjecture is proved by one of the present authors in [5] for p ≥ 43 and by the authors of [8] for p = 3. In this paper we achieve the evaluation of c(G), solving the above mentioned conjecture.


Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new type of human-computer interaction, and eeg signal recognition is the core part of BCI system. In view of the difficulties in feature extraction and low recognition accuracy in the process of multi-class motion image EEG recognition, this paper proposes a multi-class EEG recognition method based on deep learning. The Channel Attention Mechanism (CAM) in deep learning has the advantage of utilizing spatial information, CAM combined with One Versus Rest Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (OVRFB-CSP) was used for feature extraction and Softmax classifier was used for classification. This method was applied to the 2008 BCI Competition IV 2a dataset. Recognition of four types of motor imagery tasks (left hand, right hand, foot and tongue).The experimental results showed that the accuracy rate of CAM-OVRFB-CSP reached the highest 83% and the average reached 68.4%, which proved the effectiveness of this method and provided a new idea for the follow-up research.


The invention relates to a multi-target tracking method in the technical field of information processing, comprising the following steps of: 1, obtaining the original state value of a track of each tracked target and the number of the tracked targets; 2, initializing the track state value by utilizing a sliding window method; 3, obtaining the synthesizing measurement and the synthesizing covariance of each track; 4, updating the T-frame track state value of each track in a sliding window by utilizing Kalman smoothing; 5. judging whether the Kalman smoothing is converged or not, if not, returning to step 3 until the Kalman smoothing is converged, and otherwise, returning to step 2, starting to process new data and outputting the target state value of first S moments in the sliding window to draw out the motion track of each target; and 6, continuously repeating the process of step 2 to step 5 so that the motion track of each target in all moments is obtained. The multi-target tracking method has the advantages of accurate tracking and high tracking speed and has wide application prospects in the fields of information fusion, radar data processing and multi-target tracking.


in Nigeria in March 1980. The essays proceed on the assumption that scholars and government authorities, among others, should be exposed to different perspectives on violence and that, in providing adequate knowledge of "the sources, course, and the real and potential consequences of violence," the authors will stimulate exploration of permanent solutions to international violence (p. xiii). Thus, the various contributions arise chiefly from nonlegal disciplines. Part I includes four essays on sociological, anthropological and psychological perspectives. Part II includes five case studies involving violence; part III deals with political, strategic and economic perspectives on violence. The last part, headed "Legal Perspectives of Violence," includes an article on Intervention Treaties in International Law by Professor Reisman, which previously appeared in the pages of this Journal, and a nonlegal description of the impact of mass media on international violence.


The corrosion behavior of incoloy825 alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution containing different concentrations of NaHSO 3 was studied using electrochemical measurements, wet/dry cycle corrosion test and surface analysis technology. The results show that the corrosion potential shifts negatively, and then moves positively with the increase of NaHSO 3 concentration. Meanwhile, the film resistance R f and charge transfer resistance R ct both decline firstly and then rise as the concentration change. And the anode polarization curves display different characteristics of passivation or activation. As the increasing concentration of NaHSO 3 , the corrosion rate of alloy increases firstly and then decreases. In the solution, the corrosion form of the alloy is mainly pitting corrosion, and the addition of NaHSO 3 increases the degree of pitting. The variation of the corrosion resistance as the increase of NaHSO 3 concentration may be attributed to the combined actions of solution acidification and competitive adsorption.


Buginese literature is a form of masterpiece work of Bugis scholars which are loaded with various guidances both in the world and hereafter. Buginese literatures also regulate the law, social, and humanity that ultimately lead human beings into perfect. This study aims to describe Buginese literature as law, social, and humanity sources that regulate the life of Buginese society in order to establish guidance for human beings in the middle of modern and competitive life. In line with this, the writer applies qualitative descriptive research method through moral and sociology approaches. The data are obtained from Buginese works in the form of poetry, expression, folklore, and others. As the results of this research through several types analysis of Buginese literatures, it is obtained the conception that law, social, and humanity portray three important dimensions in Bugis life which cannot be separated in order to build perfect human beings in which there are signs that must be obeyed by every human being both vertically (human relationship with God) and horizontally (human relationships with fellow human beings), such as: honesty, justice, tolerance, firmness, bravery, alertness, and work ethic.


One of the most significant difficulties that we encounter today in the post-truth era is in constructing a reality in the gap between deceptive pre-given facts and how we experience them in our lives. This gap is mostly caused by our incapacity to see reality beyond the given frames and this very characteristic of post-truth enforces us to examine the meaning of seeing more extensively. Two particular reasons make seeing things and people even more difficult: first, the claim of transparency in politics is essentially deceptive; it suggests us a way of seeing, but what it does, is rather to determine what or whom to see and from which aspect we are allowed to see them. As a result, for politics, transparency turns into a means to a desired end. Second, instrumentalization in politics works effectively only when its administrators and its subjects become invisible 'nobodies' who can only act and see in the pregiven limits of reality. For an alternative political approach, this article turns to a phenomenological understanding of reality which emphasizes that reality can only be constituted in the plurality of aspects. For a reconstitution of reality and politics, first, this study offers an analysis of the strong need for such a plurality that requires the inclusion of the invisibles at all levels; second, in order to develop a genuine sense of embodied plurality, it proposes a new political category, here termed 'the politics of the invisible'.


We present a theoretical discussion of the hysteresis in magnetoelectric multiferroics with bi-quadratic magnetoelectric coupling. The calculations were performed by employing Landau-Khalatnikov equation of motion for both the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phase, then solve it simultaneously. In magnetoelectric, we obtain four types of hysteresis: ferroelectric hysteresis, ferromagnetic hysteresis and two types of cross hysteresis (electric field versus magnetization and magnetic field versus electric polarization). The cross hysteresis has butterfly shape which agree with the result from the previous research. It can also be seen from that hysteresis, that magnetization / electric polarization can not be flipped into the opposite direction using external electric / magnetic field when the magnetoelectric coupling is bi-quadratic type. Overall, the result shows that Landau-Khalatnikov equation is able to approximate hysteresis loops in multiferroics system.


Within the heritage and architecture studio, the aim of the project is to find the position regarding to the values of the existing building, possible transformation, and re-introduce the correct programs under current city context. Fenix II is the witness of Rotterdam active industrial harbour transformation over time. Who is Fenix II? She represents the growth of Rotterdam industrial harbor. She was once the longest warehouse in Europe. She shows the modernity of applying cutting edge building technology by using reinforced concrete. She is a strong survivor from both WWII and on-site fire damage. Fenix II states important valuable layers: historical, cultural, technical, non-intentional commemorative, and rarity aspects. Even though Fenix II is not yet listed on Rotterdam municipality monuments, the characters and facts found in the building prove the importance of Fenix II. Fenix II, she continues her journey to the new phase of Rotterdam industrial harbor. Rotterdam harbor once hosted vibrant industrial activities. However, these activities have been shifted away from current city context. Circular economy can be seen as a new phase of industrial activity and bring back the liveliness of production atmosphere. The current programs as Tropicana and RTM Campus in Rotterdam establish a good foundation of circular economy topic. However, the network is not completed. Fexix II has great potential due to its location and the nature of the building quality to enhance this urban network. The starting point of the project is entirety and continuity, emphasizing the transformation phases and the historical layers of the building. Fenix II consists of 3 parts: Central Green, exhibition, and research labs along with workshops. Central Green creates the new identity of the building as the main entrance to gather all activities inside; the most visible interventions can be seen here, entirely open and double height ceiling showing the existing traces along with the newly adding layers. On one side of Fenix II reflects on the great attention of historical layers: exhibition space of Fenix II and Rotterdam industrial harbor, and also current urban issues. On the other side of the building addresses the emerging topic as circular economy network: research labs, harvest hubs, and explore labs. Moreover, the green way, buffer zone, is introduced and plays an important role of the project, in order to preserve high existing values of Fenix II and at the same time to achieve high building performance. The green way is integrated with natural elements as plants and water, not only functioning to control intake air temperature and humidity with minimal energy consumption, but also form a semi-outdoor space for temporary exhibition and resting points. In order to emphasize the historical layers that San Francisco warehouse was once an entirety, light poles have been designed in Light Plaza, indicating the original structure location, as well as along the north facade where one span was taken out due to the fire damage. With minimal architectural elements, this intervention shows the reconnection of Fenix I and Fenix II and creates a new phase of continuation.


We investigate Radio Resource Management techniques for heterogeneous networks, where also attention is paid to economic aspects such as users' utility and service pricing. Our main focus is on a scenario where different Radio Access capabilities are coexisting, so that there are several alternatives for the resource allocation. Thus, we propose a comparison, both from technical and economic point of view, of strategies with simple prioritization and with awareness of users' reaction to QoS. We show that this latter class is able to heavily improve the network management, and this is utilized to derive general insight and propose further improvements of the allocation strategies.


Calcium‐activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are important in many cellular and physiological functions and in certain cardiac diseases. But the molecular identity of CaCCs in the heart is still elusive. Recent evidence suggests TMEM16A as the gene encoding the pore subunit of CaCCs. In this study, the molecular expression and tissue distribution of TMEM16A in mouse heart were quantitatively analyzed.


A lumped parameter thermal model is described which produce steady state temperature rise with in an electrical machine of the TEFC design. The thermal resistance calculation is emphasized in the work. Thermal network model is developed and the resulting algebraic equation solved by Gauss-Seidel method, in order to determine the thermal behavior of the machine under steady state condition. MATLAB programming are developed and used to solve the steady state temperature rise and predict the future temperature of the induction machine at different load. Experiments were performed on a 3.5 H.P. capacitor run single-phase induction motor. The graphs are plotted against temperature rise vs. per unit load for different node of the proposed thermal network.


This paper aims at examining, in the poetry of Carlos Drummond de Andrade stylistic effects achieved with the chosen metaphors, which characterize the eroticism present in O amor natural. It can be stated that the erotic poems have a peculiar lexicon. In this study, we follow the approach of the Lexical Stylistics in order to explain the expressive effect generated by some chosen metaphors. We intend, thus, to consider how the erotic metaphors, created by Carlos Drummond de Andrade are integrated into the literary discourse and differ from popular metaphors that allude to sex.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of a DNA binding dye water quenching based aptasensor without changing or truncating the aptamer. To demonstrate the possibility of increasing the change in fluorescence of the aptasensor by pairing it with a suitable ssDNA probe, three ssDNA probes (probe 1, 2, and 3) were employed and the fluorescence from the bound dyes was measured. This showed that ssDNA probe 2 created the most additional binding sites. By varying the target compound concentration (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mg L−1 4-n-nonylphenol), the corresponding change in the fluorescence signal of the unpaired and ssDNA probe paired aptasensors were measured and compared over a range of emission wavelengths. The response of all three ssDNA probe paired aptasensors showed good fit (R2 = 0.88–0.92) to a logarithmic response. The sensitivity of the aptasensor paired with ssDNA probe 2 was improved by ∼60%, whereas that of the aptasensor paired with ssDNA probe 3 was only improved by a marginal ∼3%. This study is a demonstration of using an appropriate ssDNA probe to increase the number of binding sites and hence the performance of a DNA binding dye and water quenched aptasensor. It is a possibility that can be extended to similar aptasensors without having to change or truncate the aptamer.


Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) is a form of non-formal education institution owned and managed by the community. The purpose of this service is to provide a fun mathematics learning method for package students at PKBM, besides that this service also motivates students regarding the world of work and the world of campus that they will face after graduation.  The implementation method in this mentoring activity uses an approach and collaboration method. This service is carried out in PKBM N 17 Penjaringan for students who are currently taking education and their further education.  After the activity was carried out, analysis and evaluation were carried out, and it was seen that the children experienced an increase in their understanding of mathematics, and students' motivation also increased in improving their future by continuing to college. This activity received a good response from PKBM students and is expected to continue to guide students in learning mathematics.


The second edition of Pediatric Therapy accurately reflects many of the important changes which have occurred in the treatment of children since the first edition appeared just 2 years ago. Doctor Shirkey has not only written about one-fifth of the material in the book himself but has also asked 72 other highly qualified contributors to bring to the reader the best current therapy for most of the commonly encountered clinical problems in pediatrics. Doctor Shirkey well supports his statement in the preface of the book that "pediatric therapy is not a twig of the tree of general therapy.


This paper mainly studies the optimality conditions for a class of pessimistic trilevel optimization problem, of which middle-level is a pessimistic problem. We firstly translate this problem into an auxiliary pessimistic bilevel optimization problem, by applying KKT approach for the lower level problem. Then we obtain a necessary optimality condition via the differential calculus of Mordukhovich. Finally, we obtain an existence theorem of optimal solution by direct method. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


The purpose of this paper is to know the effectiveness of teaching materials algebraic equation. This type of research used experimental method. The population in this study is all students of mathematics education who take numerical method in sarjanawiyata tamansiswa of university; the sample is taken using cluster random sampling. Instrument used in this research is test and questionnaire. The test is used to know the problem solving ability and achievement, while the questionnaire is used to know the student's response on the teaching materials. Data Analysis technique of quantitative used Wilcoxon test, while the qualitative data used grounded theory. Based on the results of the test can be concluded that the development of teaching materials can improve the ability to solve problems and achievement.


In the City of Mexico the printing press began to function as early as the second quarter of the sixteenth century, but the earliest American arithmetics did not appear before the seventeenth century. Bibliographers (i) give only two regular texts on arithmetic published in America during the seventeenth century, namely the arithmetics in Spanish written by PEDRO DE PAZ (2) in 1623, and ATANASIO REATON (3) in 1649, both printed in the City of Mexico. The earliest arithmetic brought out as a separate treatise in English was that of JAMES HODDER, printed in Boston in 1719, or ninety six years after the arithmetic of PAZ. While the Mexican arithmetics were of American author-


The problem identified for this paper was that the Fort Wayne Fire Department had a limited role in providing medical interventions during EMS response. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations to increase the department's role with regard to its first responder medical intervention. Methodologies used for this paper were a literature review of written material, a compilation of local data, and a department EMS survey. Evaluative research was used to answer the following research questions: 1. How has Fort Wayne's use of the "public utility model" for ambulance service benefited the city? 2. Should the Fort Wayne Fire Department engage in or enhance the city's use of its "public utility model?" 3. How can the Fort Wayne Fire Department best increase its level of training with regard to first responder medical intervention? Procedures involved analyzing published information, examining a department EMS survey, collecting and quantifying statistical data, and applying the published, statistical, and survey information to the research questions. Results indicated that, while the city EMS public utility model has been profitable, the future might bring adverse changes. Results also indicated that support exists within the department for increasing its role in the EMS area. Further results indicated that the EMT-A level may be the most cost effective and efficient method for the department to increase


In the report, the global automotive plastics market size was valued by Grand View Research at USD 29.50 billion in 2022. It is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2023 to 2030.


Complex system governance (CSG) is an emerging field focused on purposeful development of control, communication, coordination, and integration functions necessary to produce and sustain desirable levels of system performance. In this paper, we develop a CSG reference model. Following an introduction to the CSG field, the paper focuses on three primary objectives to support development of a reference model. First, the conceptual foundations and role of the CSG reference model are established. These conceptual foundations rest in systems theory and management cybernetics and establish the essential philosophical and theoretical underpinnings. Second, we introduce the reference model by first discussing the nature, role, and utility for the model. We then expound each of the nine integrated functions of the model. Third, we conclude the paper by suggesting implications for the model and emerging directions with respect to research and practice. In addition, the position of the reference model in the emerging CSG field as well as related fields (e.g., system of systems engineering) is suggested.


Automatic frequency-hopping (FH) signal network-station sorting is one of the most difficult and import problems in the field of electronic warfare, especially in a complex electromagnetic environment. In this paper, an automatic and reliable network-station sorting method of FH signal with maxout network feature extraction and generative-based classification method is proposed. Experiments on real FH data sets demonstrate that the proposed method not only outperforms the competitive feature extraction methods with a higher accuracy of FH signal network-station sorting but also has a better robustness against noise, especially Gaussian noise.


More than 50 colleges, universities, and community colleges now offer economics instruction in cyberspace, and this number is growing rapidly. Despite the implications of this growth for the quality of economics instruction, only a small fraction of those institutions venturing into cyberlearning are doing so in a carefully monitor the quality and performance of their online courses. It does so within the context of reporting the course design, research design, and research results of two cyberlearning studies conducted at the University of California. Copyright 2000 Western Economic Association International.


Already the title catches our attention: Berliner group analysis1 instead of just group analysis in Berlin. The editors imagine the reaction 'Now you are called "BIG" [Berliner Institute for Group analysis], now you even want your own group analysis'; and they finally respond 'wholeheartedly: Yes' (p13/22). Indeed this book is evidence of a lively group-analytic community in Berlin; it contains contributions of members of the BIG. Unlike other German group-analytic institutes, the BIG was not founded in affiliation with the IGA London. As it is relatively young, founded in 2003, the editors speak of the BIG as different from older 'established' group-analytic institutes. But the ability to produce such a book only 16 years later certainly is a statement in a world of competing organizations—and will be important for the members of an institute that sometimes perceived itself as a 'travelling circus' (Husemann, see below). The book consists of 21 articles by 16 authors. The contributions are independent, and some have been published earlier, going back to 2001 (Meyer). Like in a group, the authors bring different perspectives and topics around the common theme; the book appears like a mosaic or puzzle, and some work is left to the readers to put the puzzle together. The authors' different writing styles are refreshing. And because the individual texts can stand on their own, the book does not need to be read from cover to cover. The grouping of the articles into the three sections 'history', 'theory' and 'practice' is a good idea, but unfortunately the texts do not fall easily into these categories.


Introduction: Health care associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that patients get during hospitalization. The most effective prevention of HCAIs is hand washing. Hand washing compliance behavior is still quite low. Nurses' hand washing compliance needs to be improved by optimizing the role of the Infection Prevention and Control Team (PPI team) and adequate hand washing facilities. Research related to the role of the PPI team and existing hand washing facilities still shows mixed results, therefore it is interesting to study.Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design that aims to determine the relationship between the role of the PPI team and hand washing facilities with nurses' hand washing compliance. The research sample consisted of 204 nurses who were taken at simple random, data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions for the role of the PPI Team variable and 5 questions for the variable hand washing facilities and 11 statements for observing nurse handwashing compliance.Results: The results showed that nurses who obeyed hand washing were 88% and did not comply with 12%, the role of the PPI team performed well at 97.5% and not good 2.5% and the availability of hand washing facilities were considered good at 97.5% and not good 2,5%. The results of the Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between the role of the PPI team and nurses' hand washing compliance (P = 0.0001) and there was a significant relationship between the completeness of hand washing facilities and nurses' hand washing compliance (P = 0.007).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, nurses are expected to be able to maintain and improve hand washing and transform these good habits for other health teams, patients, families, and visitors. In addition, the PPI team must continue to work optimally and the hospital can provide complete hand washing facilities


Corrosion problem of the 10 000m3 gas box of the 200 kt/a acetic acid plant was analyzed,on the basis of which,a measure of using anticorrosion painting and corrosion inhibitor was proposed to enhance corrosion protection of the inner wall of the gas box,and its practical application has achieved good result,reducing the corrosion rate to about 9.9×10-5mm per year.


A version of this article was presented at the Fourth Australasian Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, 'Rights and Responsibilities: Wrongs and Remedies', Brisbane, 11th - 15th July, 1993.


The present invention provides a transgenic mouse encoding a Qpct protein related to transgenic non-human animals, especially Qpct-related diseases. In addition, the present invention comprises a transgene encoding for Qpct, provides cells and cell lines. The present invention, for use in the therapeutic compositions of Qpct-related diseases, provides methods and compositions for evaluating agents that affect Qpct. .BACKGROUND


In PNAS, Yau et al. (1) identify a conserved 33-kb haplotype Ltab-Ncr3 across five genes, lymphotoxin-α ( Lta ), Tnf , lymphotoxin-β ( Ltb ), leukocyte-specific transcript 1 ( Lst1 ), and natural cytotoxicity-triggering receptor 3 ( Ncr3 ) in the MHC-III region in wild rats. The higher Ltb and Ncr3 expression, the lower Lst1 expression, and the expression of a shorter splice variant of Lst1 were associated with reduced arthritis severity in rats (1). Yau et al. (1) further analyzed the expression levels of LTB , LST1 , and NCR3 using whole-blood samples from 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 92 healthy controls (1). They identify significantly increased expression of these three genes in RA cases (1). The mild RA cases also showed lower expression of LST1 and higher expression of …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: hjw{at}tmu.edu.cn or qhjiang{at}hit.edu.cn.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


The aim of the present study was to know the normal haemato- biochemical profiles of black Bengal goats in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein of 20 Black Bengal goats which were divided into 5 groups (4 goats in each group) on the basis of age, sex, nutritional and feeding status. The whole blood was analyzed for hematology, plasma and serum samples for biochemical analysis. The results of the present study demonstrate the normal haemato-biochemical values of the Black Bengal goat breeds with their age specificity. Total RBC (15.15 ± 1.29 million/cumm), haemoglobin (7.04 ± 1.02 g/dl), total WBC (11.64 ± 1.12), differential leukocyte counts of neutrophils (70.89 ± 2.06%), lymphocyte (23.79 ± 1.69%), eosinophil 2.1%), basophil (2.3%), MCV (35.04 ± 0.47) and PCV (26.98 ± 1.49%). This study also reveals the normal bio-logical profile counts as total protein (69.47±2.31 g/L), Albumin (42.47 ± 2.31g/L), Globulin (27.32g/L), Phosphorus (3.46 ± 1.19), blood Urea (22.97 ± 0.58), Creatinine (0.645mg/dl), ALT (20.32U/L), ALP (91.59 U/L), GGT (37.46 U/L), IgG (18.91 ± 1.14 g/L), IgM ( 2.87 ± 0.18g/L), gA (.031 ± 0.12g/L) and IL-6 (1.69±0.15g/ml). The study found higher number of RBC (million/cumm), WBC (Thousands/cumm), and PCV% in the goats of age 3 years and above (18.02 ± 1.27, 14.72 ± 1.19, and 28 ± 3.2), respectively. Besides, Neutrophils% and total protein was found higher (76.289 ± 14.5%, 77.52 ± 8.43 g/L), respectively in the Black Bengal goats of 6 months to 1 year age. Present results stated some significant variation of parameters between goats of various ages; on the other hand, some shows no significant variation at all.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(3): 329-337, December 2021


The distribution of strontium isotopes has been examined in a section through the ophiolite complex of the Khan-Tayshiri Range (Western Mongolia). The basal parts of the complex consist of apo-dunites (/sup 87/Sr//sup 86/Sr = 0.7118 - 0.7124), and higher up in the section there are pyroxenites (0.7064 - 0.7095) and gabbros (0.7034-0.7065). The upper parts of the complex consist of pillow lavas (0.7068-0.7071), the conduits for which were a series of laminar dikes (0.7057-0.7087). An analysis of petrological and geochemical information with a selection of isotope data suggests that during the formation of the rocks of the Khan-Tayshiri Complex, three components, different in nature and chemical composition, were involved: the remains of the Earth's protolithosphere in the form of apo-dunites, a mantle quartz-tholeiite magma, and seawater. Variations in the /sup 87/Sr//sup 86/Sr ratio are associated both with the isotope composition of the original magma, and also with the conditions of its emplacement. The ultrabasic rocks are regarded as relicts of the ancient ultrabasic layer or protolithosphere of the Earth.


Aproof that: for any given polyhedron so shaped that every closed non-self intersecting broken line composed of edges of the polyhedron divides the surface of the polyhedron into precisely two disjoint regions each of which is bounded by the closed broken line, v e + f= 2, where v is the number of vertices of the polyhedron, e the number of edges and f the number of faces.


Relatively little is known about the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype G (HBV/G) in patients co‐infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV. This study examined the prevalence and association of HBV/G to liver fibrosis in co‐infected patients. HBV genotypes were determined by direct sequencing of the HBV surface gene or Trugene® HBV 1.0 assay in 133 patients infected with HIV/HBV. Quantitative testing of HBV‐DNA, HBeAg, and anti‐HBe were performed using the Versant® HBV 3.0 (for DNA) and the ADVIA®Centaur assay. The non‐invasive biomarkers Fib‐4 and APRI were used to assess fibrosis stage. Genotype A was present in 103/133 (77%) of the cohort, genotype G in 18/133 (14%) with genotypes D in 8/133, (6%), F 2/133 (1.5%), and H 2/133 (1.5%). Genotype G was associated with hepatitis B e antigen‐positivity and high HBV‐DNA levels. Additionally, HBV/G (OR 8.25, 95% CI 2.3–29.6, P = 0.0012) was associated with advanced fibrosis score using Fib‐4, whereas, being black was not (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.07, P = 0.01). HBV/G in this population exhibited a different phenotype than expected for pure G genotypes raising the question of recombination or mixed infections. The frequent finding of HBV/G in co‐infected patients and its association with more advanced fibrosis, suggests that this genotype leads to more rapid liver disease progression. Further studies are needed to understand why this genotype occurs more frequently and what impact it has on liver disease progression in patients with HBV/HIV. J. Med. Virol. 83:1551–1558, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Smart beta strategies can be thought of as forms of active management because they take positions that often differ significantly from market capitalization-weighted benchmarks. They differ fundamentally from traditional active strategies, however, in that they typically use a rules-based process and are designed to be transparent. These characteristics mean that smart beta strategies may be compelling complements to both passive strategies that track market capitalization-weighted benchmarks and conventional active strategies that seek to outperform those benchmarks.


God is perfect, and He has no need of anyone or anything to complete him. But I think we can speak of a divine need that is consistent with the divine perfection, and that is the need that love brings about. If I freely choose to love another, I freely choose to create a need within myself for that person. That's the nature of love. God loves you and me so much that He has freely chosen to need us.


Planar Schottky diodes intended for SiC MMIC applications have been designed, processed and characterised. To our knowledge, this is the first article published on this type of device. The planar design is beneficial since semi-insulating substrates are used in microwave designs to minimise parasitics. The component geometry was studied and a simple distributed model was formulated. Extrinsic cut-off frequencies up to 30.8 GHz were calculated from LCR-measurements.


Affinity diagrams are a popular method for creating and organizing ideas. While there are many digital solutions for collaborative affinity diagram, they have not been widely adopted due to usability challenges, so may teams still revert back to traditional method of sticky notes for their affinity diagramming activities. We proposed Distributed Affinity Diagram System (DADS) to solve the existing usability problems and present a more usable solution compared with the traditional method. DADS proposes a dual-screen terminal that divides private input screen from common interactive screen in each user's setup. While private input encourages users to create and nurture ideas, common interactive spaces are designed to sync all users' actions across all terminals, allowing users to collaborate interactively through a distributed multi-touch system. The separation of input space and the distributed synchronized interactive space can improve usability, efficiency, and user satisfaction.


Enlarging experiment of kilogram-scale on making rich-titanium material by microwave reduction was studied based on the laboratory test result.The results show that TiO2 of metallic pellets is 53.38%,TiO2 of primary titanium material is 72.01%,output rate of TiO2 is 67.5% and recycle rate of TiO2 is 90.1% under the following condition: the pellets of 20 kg,14% coke,5% additives,reduction temperature 1 100~1 150℃ and reduction time 90 min.The XRD indicates that the metallic pellets contained TiO2,FeO·2TiO2,Fe,MgTi2O5 and SiO2-3.Ti4+ helped to the latter flow of acid leaching.


The utility model discloses a clockface concentric mechanical indicating device of an electromotion operating mechanism of an on-load tap-changer, which comprises a faceplate, big and small circular dials which are arranged on the faceplate, long and short hands, and gear transmission components. The utility model is characterized in that the big and the small circular dials are arranged concentrically; the gear transmission components comprise a shaft sleeve, a rotating shaft, a bull gear and a planet transmission component, wherein the shaft sleeve is sheathed on the outside of the rotating shaft and is erected on a base of the indicating device through a bearing, and the short hand is arranged on the end part of the shaft sleeve which is extended on the outside of the faceplate; the bull gear is sheathed on the outside of the shaft sleeve and is fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve; the planet transmission component is arranged on the end part of the rotating shaft, and the long hand is arranged on the other end part of the rotating shaft which is extended on the outside of the faceplate. Since the big and the small circular dials, and the long and the short hands are arranged on the same centre of gyration, the motion relation of two hands can be observed clearly.


This study aims to elucidate the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction based on an assessment of those traits. To evaluate job stress and job satisfaction, a questionnaire survey of estimators in Korea was conducted, and a statistical analysis was performed. The analysis revealed the key job stress factors and job stresses that affect job satisfaction. It is expected that the findings of this research will contribute to improve the job satisfaction and job performance of estimators in Korean construction companies.


This project is a proposal for a case study that aims to describe and understand communicative and pedagogical processes involved in Second Life (SLTM) in a context of second language learning, by modelling in-world lessons of Portuguese as a second language for ERASMUS students arriving in Portugal. The purpose is to provide examples of situated elearning driven activities and perceive how an immersive context stimulates learning by involving students in a virtual reality situation, where real life language context situations are provoked and where 'not possible in real life' learning routines happen. This will allow experiencing the advantages of this platform compared to physical life teaching and learning contexts, through the inherent characteristics of this medium, such as the synchronous and simultaneous use of voice and text.


The new and unique Argo data set currently available, in conjunction with other data previously collected, increases our understanding of the spreading of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the southern and tropical Atlantic Ocean and to verify previous results. The combination of velocity and salinity data collected with Argo floats verified the main patterns of circulation at intermediate (800 to 1100dbar) depths. Interesting new features in the pathways are found: (1) the existence of a new, third, branch of westward to northwestward flow that is fed by the Benguela Current; (2) two pathways through which the water from the Benguela Current Extension feeds into the Intermediate Western Boundary Current, one turns north at the western boundary while the other one turns north about 10 ◦ farther offshore; (3) the core of the South Atlantic Current is located farther north than was thought earlier (at 35 to 38 ◦ S instead of south at about 40 ◦ S); (4) significant flow of water from the South Atlantic Current to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current occurs east of the Zapiola Eddy (at about 45 ◦ S, 35 ◦ W); (5) a quite robust eastward current exists at about 20 ◦ S; and (6) there are indications, only in the salinity distribution, for southward spreading of Antarctic Intermediate Water from the equator near the eastern boundary. Transport estimates for the 800 to 1100dbar layer show that the transports of the zonal currents in the subtropical gyre at intermediate depth increase from east to west, and that this trend is nearly linear. The South Atlantic Current near the western boundary between 5 and 10Sv, close to 1Sv near the eastern boundary of the Atlantic. The of the Benguela Current Extension about 8Sv near 45 ◦ W and only about 1Sv near 14 ◦ E. also found bifurcation the Current ◦


Introduction: Amnion allograft has been used in the field of medicine for its exceptional wound-modulating properties. However, in the field of dentistry, only a limited number of reports have explored its potential in healing of oral wounds. Materials and Methods: Amnion allograft in conjunction with coronally advanced flap has been used in the management of gingival recession. Results: A complete coverage along with excellent esthetics and an improvement in gingival biotype was observed at 6 months postoperatively. Discussion: Because of its inherent wound-modulating properties, amnion allograft may be used to enhance periodontal wound healing and enable tissue regeneration such as that in the coverage of gingival recession. Conclusion: Amnion allograft may provide an alternative to other conventional methods of treating gingival recession.


A brief review is made of some features of UK and French chipsealing which are of interest to NZ practitioners. The features were observed by the author during a trip made in 1989. Discussion of the problems and benefits of both method and end-result chipsealing specifications precede recommendations to consider the possibility of moving towards end-result. Some changes to current method specifications are recommended as a step which will allow contractors more room in which to exercise their construction expertise and thus increase competitiveness. Certifying of seal designers and supervisors is suggested as being a means of ensuring that contractors are not working for clients that are out of their depth in the chipsealing field (A).


We consider slow oscillations trapped about axisymmetric islands and seamounts. ω is in the range [lsim ] δ/2 (ω is the frequency divided by f, the Coriolis parameter, and δ the fractional change in depth). The periods, for example, are [gsim ] 2·4 days for an island with a sloping 'skirt', h [vprop ] r½, where h is the depth and (r, θ) are polar co-ordinates in the plane tangent to the mean sea surface. Energy leaks slowly away from the topography in Rossby waves. In the limiting case of a cylindrical island with vertical walls there are no such trapped motions, but incident Rossby waves are scattered anisotropically. If γ, the ratio of the island radius, a, to the Rossby wavelength, is small, the scattering cross-section ∼ γ3a. The free oscillations at seamounts and islands with skirts allow much stronger scattering (with cross-section ∼ a/γ, ∼ a wavelength), when one of their frequencies is near that of the incident wave. The theory suggests that measurements of Rossby waves will be possible at small islands, but that the many local oscillations in the same frequency range will add some confusion.


Phenology of mesa dropseed [Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb.] was studied from 1979 to 1987 on the Jomadr Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Growing season (March through November) precipitation ranged from 99 to 308 mm during the &year period. Foliage height and number of leaves were recorded weekly for individually marked cuhns on 20 piants. New cuims usually appeared during the first week in March and green leaf tissue often persisted until the end of November. Correlation analyses of accumulated weekly height increments and accumulated weekly precipitation showed that growth was highly dependent upon rainfall (r = 0.81 to 0.97). Leaf formation was also correlated with raidail (r = 0.79 to 0.98). Even in relatively wet years tbere were 1 or 2 periods of no growth. In drier years, no growth periods totaled as much as 87 days. Periods of rapid growth occurred only rfttr rainfall events > 13 mm. The first exsertion of seed heads occurred as early as the last week of July and as iate as tbe second week of October. The temporal plasticity of mesa dropseed phenology indicates that it is well adapted to the arid environment.


In order to determine the impacts of grazing on the soil enzyme activities and other environmental factors in alpine Kobresia pygmaea meadow,we investigated the activities of cellulase,polyphenol oxidase,urease,protease,alkali phosphatase,invertase and catalase,and the soil environmental factors.The results showed as follows: ①The vegetation coverage,above-ground biomass,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,NO-3-N,total phosphorous,available phosphorous,water content decreased,while the underground biomass,bulk density,pH and root/soil ratio increased with grazing intensity.② The activities of most soil enzymes decreased with grazing intensity,while the catalase was higher in lightly grazing treatment than other treatments.③ The soil water content,underground biomass,root/soil ratio,soil organic matter and soil nitrogen and phosphorus decreased,while bulk density and pH increased with soil depth(P0.05). ④ Except for catalase and polyphenol oxidase,the activities of the other soil enzymes decreased obviously with soil depth.⑤The analysis of variance indicated that the characters of plant community,soil physical and chemical properties showed significant differences(P0.05),while only certain soil enzyme activities showed differences among different grazing intensity treatments.


During kinetic spraying (or cold gas dynamic spraying), small solid particle can be deposited onto the substrate by a supersonic velocity impaction. A critical velocity of flying particle was found for the minimum deposition speed. Generally, it was thought that higher impact velocity caused higher deposition efficiency. However, some different phenomena were observed during spraying processing in laboratory. In this study, individual particle impact tests have been carried out to probe the effect of impact velocity. Instead of deposition efficiency (DE) of coatings, ratio of bonds, which was defined as the number fraction of attached particles to total impact particles (Craters + Bonds) in unit area of impact surface, was measured in our test. A maximum velocity for particle deposition was observed, because of which a high fraction of rebounded particles occurred at a high impact velocity. A model considering the adhesion and rebound energy was built up to estimate the particle/substrate interaction. The particle deposition behavior was a result of the competition between adhesion and rebound energies during the impact process. Only when the adhesion energy was higher than the rebound energy, the impacting particles could be attached onto the substrate. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.47.1723]


Removal of 17β-estradiol from aqueous streams by two polymeric resins XAD-7 and XAD-16, and by Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) was investigated. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms were measured at various ionic strengths (0.1, 20 and 100 mM NaCl) and pH (4, 5.7, 10). The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the adsorption capacity was strongly dependent on the ionic strength and pH of the external phase in the case of GAC. There are no serious influences of salt concentration and pH were observed in the case of polymeric adsorbents. Higher sorption capacity was obtained in the case of the XAD-16 polymer and GAC. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process were determined using adsorption equilibrium parameters calculated at three temperatures (23, 37, 50 C). The negative values of Gibbs energy about –10 kJ/mol for XAD-7, –14 kJ/mol for XAD-16, and –18 kJ/mol for GAC indicate that adsorption has spontaneous nature. For the polymeric adsorbents the enthalpy of adsorption was found to be negative and relatively low –11 and –26 kJ/mol for XAD-7 and XAD-16, respectively, that indicates physical character of adsorption. The adsorption on GAC was chemical in nature according to calculated value of enthalpy (58 kJ/mol). The negative values of entropy for the polymers indicate decreased randomness at the solid/solution interface, while the positive entropy for GAC indicates an increased randomness during estradiol adsorption.


The widely construction of well-off society brings a good opportunity for the development of local university.While the newly upgraded university develops fast,some problems appear at the same time,such as one-sided large scale;ignoring the idea and practice in transmittance of scientific studies and academic right.Local newly-upgraded university should have a clear orientation,local style and employment-oriented development,and serve better for the society and win the support from local community.


Work aim is to present the experience of a stationary microwave source of atmospheric nonthermal plasma (ANTP) developing. The microwave plasma source will intend for R&D in existing and new technologies. As the source of ANTP we using an optimized multi-electrode microwave discharge in argon stream. The discharger is made of a resonant length segment of a hard coaxial line, fed from a waveguide-coaxial transition. Which is an open end of the hard coaxial line with special configuration for forming and maintaining stable multiple discharges.


Introduction The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE, magnitude 9.0), the largest one in the modern Japanese record, attacked east Japan at 14:16 (JST), on March 11, 2011. The Kobe earthquake in 1995 (magnitude 7.3) was the first large one after MR scanners became popular in medical facilities. Since the Kobe earthquake, anchoring of the radiological facilities has been the main concern to prevent earthquake disasters. Not only earthquake-proof structures but also seismic vibration control and base isolation of the building have been employed for new medical facilities in this decade. In order to evaluate the potential risk to MR scanners and consider patient safety under large earthquakes, we have performed a survey study to investigate damages in MR scanners caused by GEJE. The effectiveness of anchoring of MR scanners and seismic strengthened building structures for damage prevention were also investigated.


'Inventing the nation' sounds like a working programme for would-be nationalist leaders in their search for an iconic image; and also for historians who want to debunk the story of the nation once it has been dressed up as preordained, determined by forces outside the grasp of human agency, given. It is by now clear that there is a large freedom to manoeuvre for the political entrepreneur who wants to bind his following by way of an image of shared nationhood. Yet the elusive question remains: how large? For a convincing nationalism with a credible nation to emerge, does one need to stay close to an ethnic entity well established before modernity (as, for example, Anthony Smith has argued for a long time), or can one use the many known ingredients of nationalism and just arrange them in a new fashion as one deems fit like a do-it-yourself IKEA sleeping room (a metaphor introduced by the sociologist Lofgren, quoted in Thiesse, 1999: 14; this book deals with nation invention at the European scale)? Comerford's book about Irish inventions of the nation does not answer that question but he provides us with an exciting catalogue of proposals, debates and practices in Ireland and elsewhere that deal with Irishness over time and demonstrate the ever-changing nature of that notion. He also engages in stimulating discussions of the conditions of the popularity of certain ideas about the Irish nation and puts his views in a European framework that allows a number of interesting comparative glimpses. The book is useful for geographers because nation invention is a process driven by perceptions of the geographical environment and full of territorial implications. In addition, this book has a far richer grasp of the sources that hold this repertoire of nation inventions than geographers may be expected to gather. In the end, however, these riches could have been used to even greater effect, I would argue. The book is part of a series about nation invention. Volumes on India and Pakistan, Russia, Italy and China have already appeared; books on Germany, France and the USA are in preparation. Apparently the idea is to deal with nation invention in the framework of states that may be considered the realization of nationalist aims (although very often the already existing state has been a powerful engine of the diffusion of the notion, e.g., Russia). What about attempts to create nations that have so far failed to capture a strong political home like the Arab nation, perhaps the European nation or even the Family of Man; or lost it in earlier times like many current regional movements in the nation states of Europe? The Irish nation as the core of the Irish nationalist message has given birth to the smallest state in the series. At the same time, the Irish case is extremely rich in the variation of vehicles used over time to spread the notion of the nation. It is also interesting because of the impact of the large Irish emigrant population in Britain and the USA in particular, and of the overwhelmingly powerful British state that has set a number of conditions for Irish nationalism. In between a short introduction and an exceedingly brief conclusion (two pages), the book has eight chapters. The first one sets the stage claiming there have been four recognizably different polities since the mid-twelfth century on the British Isles. Ireland was one of these (the others being


Echocardiography is an unavoidable tool in the evaluation of the cardiac system. It's role is as important as that of ECG. The basic principles of echocardiography is same as that of the ultrasonography. As the years progress lot of modifications has occurred with the modes of evaluation in echocardiography starting from the ancient M mode to the latest three dimensional mode. Along with the advancements in modes lots of upgradation has occurred in the functions of echo, which advanced from the identification of simple shape and structure of cardiac structures to identification of blood flow, its velocity and any mixing. On the other side various other forms of echo cardiography has been evolved like fetal echo, Transesophageal and intravascular echo. Among this three type transoesophageal echocardiography is the most common used in practice in case of open heart surgery or valve replacement. Depend on the position of probe over the chest the echocardiography is again in different axis. Even though it's an important diagnosis in cardiology it does not require any special preparations. The test can be carried out along with the routine visit. But the positioning of the patient and placement of the probe is usually important for a good quality image. Proper sound wave conduction is possible between the probe and the human body with the application of an electro conductive jelly.


Abstract Agricultural extension is perceived as the primary mechanism through which farmers expand their ability to adopt and adapt new technologies and ideas. The use of Information and Communication Technology like videos in extension is being fronted as an alternative to the conventional Face-to-face extension approach (F2FEA). A comparison of effectiveness of the Video-mediated extension approach (VMEA) and F2FEA among rice farmers in two districts of Uganda challenges the independent use of the two approaches. A cross-sectional survey of two non-equivalent groups subjected to VMEA in Kamwenge and F2FEA in Hoima districts was conducted with 196 farmers. The results indicate greater potential for integration of VMEA and F2FEA as the two are complementary in the various stages of the farmer learning framework developed. VMEA is significantly better in awareness creation and sharing of knowledge and experiences while the F2FEA is significantly better at enhancing knowledge acquisition and retention and application. The relative strengths of VMEA and F2FEA can best be harnessed through integration of the approaches. The integration will not solve the problem of large farmer to extension ratio common in developing countries but will rather make the extension workers more effective. The integration however calls for rethinking of institutional arrangement, roles of the extension worker, and pragmatic retooling of the extension worker to embrace social learning principles that empower farmers to be more self-directed learners and innovators.


This article describes the Hunan culture, and discusses its spiritual connotation and impact on improving the Englishlearning willpower, the motivation, the autonomy of students. It advocates for introducing the spirits of "acting recklessly", study for the sake of application, patriotism, searching to the minority undergraduate preparatory students from Xinjiang in classroom to make Hunan culture exert a subtle influence on students, and ultimately enhance students' ability to learn English.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2014. Major: Rhetoric and Scientific and Technical Communication. Advisor: Lee-Ann Kastman Breuch. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 297 pages, appendices A-G.