Many formations in the Williston Basin are naturally fractured limestones and dolomites. Naturally fractured reservoirs are typically the most difficult to maintain control of fracturing fluid leakoff. Treatments in the Mission Canyon, Midale and Ratcliffe formations of the Madison Group have had high fracturing fluid leakoffs. Polymer/inert solids mixtures, 100 mesh sand, silica flour and oil-soluble resins have been used in an attempt to control fluid loss. These additives have not consistently solved the problem of excessive fluid loss, and frequent screenouts, gel-outs or pressure-outs have resulted. A laboratory simulation of naturally fractured reservoir leakoff was employed to evaluate the efficiency of ten fluid loss additive systems. Tapered-slot fluid loss tests and proppant pack damage tests were performed using each additive system. Five fluid loss additive systems were identified which performed well in both tests. This paper also summarizes the results of a field evaluation of nine of the original ten fluid loss additive systems used in 70 wells in the Madison Group. Two fluid loss additive systems, a mixture of silica flour and 100 mesh sand, and a mixture of oil-soluble resin (nominal 250 mesh) and 100 mesh sand, performed well in the laboratory tests and had a highmore » success rate in the field.« less


We are concerned with the numerical resolution of backward stochastic differential equations. We propose a new numerical scheme based on iterative regressions on function bases, which coefficients are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. A full convergence analysis is derived. Numerical experiments about finance are included, in particular, concerning option pricing with differential interest rates.


In high energy nuclear collisions, most calculations on the early equilibration of the parton plasma showed that the system does not come close to full equilibrium, especially for the fermion components. However, since the system is constantly evolving, the cooling effect due to expansion will lead to a decrease of the average parton energies. So the interactions should be enhanced by a corresponding increase of the running coupling. We show that this leads to a faster and improved equilibration. This improvement is more important for the fermions compensating partially for their weaker interactions and slower equilibration. WU-B 97/30


Digitisation of specimens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has created nearly half a million imaged specimens. With data entry from the specimen labels on herbarium sheets identified as the rate-limiting step in the digitisation workflow, the majority of specimens are databased with minimal data (filing name and geographical region), leaving a need to add further label data (collector, collecting locality, collection date etc.) to make the specimens research ready. We are exploring a number of different ways to complete data entry for specimens that have been imaged. These have included Optical Character Recognition (OCR), to identify meaningful specimen groupings to increase the speed of data entry and more recently citizen science platforms to provide accurate crowd-sourced transcriptions of specimen label data. We sent specimen images of the Australian flowering plants held at RBGE herbarium to DigiVol (https://volunteer.ala.org.au/institution/index/21309224), the citizen science platform developed alongside The Atlas of Living Australia. In 29 expeditions, 156 citizen scientists completed collection label data entry for RBGE's 41,000 specimens of Australian flowering plants.
 We found that 95% of the transcriptions were completed by less than a third (27%) of the volunteers. Of the four volunteer experience levels in DigiVol we found that the middle two, Collection Managers and Scientists, transcribed fewer specimens, but also made fewer mistakes. We found that by removing the filing name from the information provided with the expedition the number of errors in the Museum Details section of the transcription decreased, as the filing name was often added as the label name, regardless of whether this is the case. The feedback we provided for each expedition was used to highlight common errors to try and reduce their occurrence as well as to inform the volunteers of what their transcriptions had revealed about this part of the collection. We explore the citizen science transcription workflow, its rate-limiting steps and how we have worked to include the citizen science and OCR data on our online herbarium catalogue.


Abstract While extrinsic photoeffects in chemically vapour-deposited thin films of diamond can originate from impurity-controlled photogeneration and photoinjection of carriers from contiguous metal electrodes, it is important, and yet difficult, to differentiate between these two distinctive processes. Detailed studies and results are described, involving the use of non-absorbing water-based electrodes which allow a clear distinction between these two mechanisms to be made. In addition, the near-infrared-visible photoeffect in diamond thin films, as in single-crystal diamond, is associated with the photoionization of unionized acceptors based on its observed quenching in nitrogen-doped compensated films.


Cumulus cells and liver cells (hepatocyte) have an ability to produce IGF-1 and estrogen through monolayer culture, but the concentration and the bioactivity in embryo was not clear.The aim of this study was to monitor, analysis and identify bioactivity of IGF-1 and estrogen there found in product cell. Liver cell culture of cattle was prepared by grinding liver tissue followed by trypsination and repeatedly centrifuged were obtained hepatocyte. Cumulus cells were obtained from aspirating ovarian follicles with diameter 2-6 mm. Liver and cumulus cells were cultured in TCM 199 + FCS 10% + BSA 10%. Cell concentration was 1.9 x 106 /ml medium then culture was incubated in incubator at 38.5oC 5% CO2 for 3,6,9,12 days. IGF-1 concentration media after culture was measured by IRMA, while estrogen and progesterone using RIA technique. To minimize progesterone concentration in product cell it was used binding technique using antiprogesterone (antiP4) coated polyesterene tubes. Bioactivity test of IGF-1 and estrogen obtained from this research as supplementation media in in vitro fertilization and as embryo culture media was performed at 2 and 6 days after fertilization by observating embryo cleavage 2-8 cells and embryo development up to morula stage. The mitogenic and antiapoptotic of IGF-1 and estrogen were examined by the reduction of apoptosis in embryo resulted. The result of research showed that 6 days incubation period resulted the most confluent monolayer compared to the other incubation period, either in liver or cumulus cells, therefore resulting the highest concentration of IGF-1 as well as estrogen. In liver cell culture IGF-1 concentration was higher compared to these of the cumulus cells, meanwhile in cumulus cells the estrogen was found higher than IGF-1. AntiP4 could be used to absorb progesterone resulted from monolayer culture. IGF-1 and estrogen from monolayer culture before and after progesterone absorbtion resulted in cleavage rate were 27.48% and 53.61%, respectively stage morula embryo rate were 5.73% and 27.59% , and could also reduce the incidence apoptosis in the embryos cultured in liver cell were 23.71% and in cumulus cells were 31.01%, respectively while without supplemented apoptotic rate in embryo cell was 70.58%. The conclusion of this research was that monolayer culture of bovine liver and cumulus cells could produce IGF-1 and estrogen growth factor which acted as mitogenic substances that could be used as supplemen media in in vitro fertilization and embryo development as well as able to reduce the incidence of apoptosis in embryo resulted.


The dehydration kinetic behavior of hydrazine aluminum sulfate was investigated,and the temperature rising behavior in microwave field has be also determined. The non-isothermal kinetic model of the microwave dehydration of hydrazine aluminum sulfate was proposed,which was compared with conventional method of dehydration.


The author analyzes the flourishing publishing activities of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and civil publishers in Pula, Istria, starting with the second half of the 19th century until 1918. Based on the survey of the publishing activities in German language in Pula, the author concludes that these publications comprise an indelible part not only of German (Austrian) publishing, but also of the Croatian publishing activities at the time. This conclusion comes not only as a result of a territorial principle which locates the above mentio- ned publications as part of Croatian heritage – i.e. from the fact that the above mentioned publications have been published within the territory of today's Croatia – but rather from the fact that, among other publishers and publishing-houses, many of the above mentioned publications had actually been published by Croatian publishers, and the fact that in some cases the authors or translators of the publications were of Croatian origin, as well as from the fact that the above mentioned publications had at the time exerted strong influence on the development of publishing trade in vernacular, Croatian language in the area of Pula and Istria.


Transforming growth factor-81 (TGF-81) has been found to occur as latent high molecular weight complexes, with or without an associated component denoted latent TGF-81-binding protein (LTBP). We show here that a human glioblastoma cell line (U-1240 MG) secretes all isoforms of TGF-8s found in mammalian cells (TGF-81, -82, and -83). Approximately 26% of the secreted TGF-8 is in an active form. Latent TGFBs were partially purified from medium conditioned by the U-1240 MG cell line using anion exchange chromatography. Analysis of the different fractions by immunoblotting using antisera against precursor parts of the different TGF-8 isoforms, and against LTBP, revealed that not only TGF-81 but also other isoforms of TGF-j3 may occur in high molecular weight forms containing LTBP. In addition, each one of the TGF-8 isoforms occurred in smaller forms not containing LTBP. Interestingly, each of the TGF-8 isoforms was also seen in complexes of about 210 kDa containing associated component(s) distinct from LTBP. These results indicate that each of the different isoforms of TGF-8 is synthesized and secreted by this glioblastoma cell line in several different high molecular weight latent forms; the biological importance of the various latent TGF-8 complexes is discussed.


AN EFFE<.."T!VE delivery system for agricultural credit, farm inputs and services is a necessary condition and a crucial requirement for increasing agricultural production and farm incanes. However, the delivery system, as it operates in India today, is not as effective as it should be, particularly with reference to the disadvantaged group of small and marginal farmers who predominate the Indian agricultural scene.


Objective To determine the phenol content in leptospira vaccine by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Methods Novo-Pak C-18 chromatographic column(3. 9 mm × 3. 9 mm,4 μm)was used. Methanolultrapure water(40 ∶ 60,v ∶ v)was served as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml / min. The detection wavelength was 270 nm, while the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the sample loading was 10 μl. Results The peak area showed good linear relationship to phenol concentration at a range of 18. 552 ~ 129. 861 μg / ml(r = 0. 999 7). The relative standard(RSD) deviation of main peak area of phenol control solution tested for 6 times was 0. 25%,while that of retention time was 0. 10%. The RSD of determination results of phenol contents in six samples of leptospira vaccine by the developed method was 0. 5%. The total average recovery rate in accuracy test was 100. 6%,with a RSD of 1. 0%. The determination results of phenol contents in samples of four batches of leptospira vaccine by HPLC were basically consistent with those by bromine content titration method. Conclusion HPLC may be used for more accurate determination of phenol content, which is simple,rapid,precise and of good reproducibility without interference. The method is suitable for the determination of phenol content in final product of leptospira vaccine.


The thalamus engages in attention by amplifying relevant signals and filtering distractors. Whether architectural features of thalamic circuitry offer a unique locus for attentional control is unknown. We developed a circuit model of excitatory thalamocortical and inhibitory reticular neurons, capturing key observations from task-engaged animals. We found that top-down inputs onto reticular neurons regulate thalamic gain effectively, compared to direct thalamocortical inputs. This mechanism enhances downstream readout, improving detection, discrimination, and cross-modal performance. The model revealed heterogeneous thalamic responses that enable decoding top-down versus bottom-up signals. Spiking activity from task-performing mice supported model predictions, with a similar coding geometry in auditory thalamus and readout strategy in auditory cortex. Dynamical systems analysis explained why reticular neurons are potent sites for control, and how lack of excitatory connectivity among thalamocortical neurons enables separation of top-down from bottom-up signals. Our work reveals mechanisms for attentional control and connects circuit architectures to computational functions.


The article discusses the transformation process and state's economic role in the transition period. The article also deals with the main objectives and goals of state regulations, the peculiarities of countries' socio-economic formation and procedures of institutional transformation. A government's role in economic development is changing during the transition period. The main important issues that must be set are strictly centralised state regulations and forms that are completely new systems in economic management, which should be achieved through the elimination of a state's domination over the economic system, strengthening a privatisation process and so on. It is true that the government's dominating power should be eliminated but establishing a new marketing-institutional environment and market culture should be developed only under the state's active legislative, coordinative and stimulating control. The theoretical basis of the article represents the researches of foreign scientists, economists and international organisation. The methodological basis of the article is based on economic analysis, comparison, and grouping methods. While preparing the article, modern experimental methods and model of macro-economic researches, as well as researches and statistical data, approaches and methodology of several international organisations were widely used.


'Each variety of English in the world has its own distinctive features which areassociated with various reasons. The research aims primarily at discovering whetherL1 strongly influences Vietnamese accented English or not. In order to meet thisaim, the research focuses on: (1) identifying phonological similarities and dissimilarities between Vietnamese and English vowels and consonants based on bothacoustic and articulatory features; (2) investigating acoustic features of Vietnamese English vowels; (3) answering the question of whether the pronunciation of thespeakers is influenced by the phonological differences and similarities. This research is of descriptive type and the method adopted is a mixture of qualitative andquantitative approach. Acoustic data are gleaned from 6 recordings made by sixVietnamese informants. The measurements of sounds are figured out by means ofWave-surfer program. The result of the study shows that Vietnamese accented English is strongly influenced by the dissimilarities between Vietnamese and English.Keywords: Vietnamese English, Segmental and Supra-segmental errors, vowels/consonants similarities and dissimilarities


Soil drilling method was used to study fine root biomass of vegetation under different enclosure ages in limestone area. The results showed fine root biomass was 6.6287 t/hm2in the stands after 5 years' enclosure, 2.3063 t/hm2after 10 years' enclosure, 3.1316 t/hm2after 20 years' enclosure and 2.8316 t/hm2after 30 years' enclosure. It declined with the increase of soil depth in each enclosure types and showed significantly higher value in 0~10 cm depth than the other two layers. Annual dynamic of fine root biomass under different enclosure years followed a bimodal pattern.


Author(s): Shen, Helen Huei-Yuen | Advisor(s): Sabes, Philip N; Lisberger, Stephen G | Abstract: The ability to make accurate movements in response to environmental stimuli is integral to the survival and well-being of many animal species. To that end, many of the movements we make on a daily basis have been practiced to the point of near-automatic accuracy. Even with intensive practice, however, repeated attempts at the same movement goal are inevitably variable at a fine scale. Traditional theories of motor control have attributed trial-by-trial variability in motor output to the failure of peripheral effectors, such as muscles and joints, to perfectly execute the motor command specified by the brain. More recent evidence suggests that at least some variability in motor output is correlated with variable neural responses in certain areas of the brain. This has led to the emerging view that trial-by-trial neural variability, rather than representing "noise" may be inherent to the "signal" that the brain uses to control motor output.In this thesis, we used visually guided reaching as a model to study the relationship of neural variability in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to movement variability. As described in Chapter 1, we found that for some PMd neurons, variability in planning-related activity, preceding movement onset, is correlated with trial-by-trial fluctuations in reach direction. We exploited these correlations to distinguish target- and movement-related neurons; our results suggest that PMd activity preceding movement is related to both the movement goal and the intended action. In Chapter 2, we quantified the fraction of movement direction variability predicted by planning-related activity of individual PMd neurons as well as of ensembles of 19-115 simultaneously recorded neurons. We found that preparatory activity of individual neurons typically predicted less than 1% of movement direction variability, while ensemble activity could predict up to 30-40%. Our results suggest that the movement planning process may be variable even under nominally identical task conditions, and that variability in the motor plan could give rise to measurable changes in movement direction across repeated trials.


At the beginning of the 20th century,Ma Junwu,Zhu Zhixin,Liao Zhongkai,along with Liang Qichao,first introduced Marxism and Socialist doctrines including Marx's life,the history of international communist movement,and origin of Socialism doctrines.Meanwhile they introduced the theory of class struggle,the perspective of historical materialism,the theory of surplus value,and the ten creeds in the Manifesto of Communist Party and so on.Zhu Zhixin was the first person who suggested the concept of "scientific socialism" in china.Although all of them did not turn into Marxist and had expressed clearly that they did not approve of Marxism totally,the objective effect in spreading the Marxism should not be denied.


Including site specific amplification factors in ground motion prediction models represented an advance for PSHA (Atkinson 2006; Rodríguez-Marek et al. 2013; Kotha et al. 2017) that has become nowadays a standard. However, this issue has only recently received attention by the seismological community of earthquake early warning (EEW) (Spallarossa et al., 2019; Zhao and Zhao, 2019), which applications require a real-time prediction of ground motion and the delivery of alert messages to users for mitigating their exposure to seismic risk. Indeed, all EEW systems are high-technological infrastructures devoted to the real-time and automatic detection of earthquakes, rapid assessment of the associated seismic hazard for targets and the prompt delivery of alerts trough fast telecommunication networks. Among them, the on-site approaches are based on seismic networks placed near to the target, indifferently by the location of seismic threats and they issue the alert predicting the ground motion at the target from P-wave parameter. This configuration cause that On-Site EEWS are generally highly affected by site conditions.

In this work, we calibrated ground motion prediction models for on-site EEW considering acceleration response spectra (RSA) and the P-waves EEW parameters Iv2 and Pd, and we investigated the role of site-effects. We considered a dataset of nearly 60 earthquakes belonging to the Central Italy 2016-17 sequence. The high density of stations near to the sequence has allowed us to use a non-ergodic random-effect regression approach to explore and to reduce the contribution of site-effects to the uncertainty of the On-site laws predictions. We grouped the records in two ways: by stations and by EC8 classification. Then, we validated the estimated models by the Leave One Out (L1Out) technique and applied a K-means analysis to assess the performance of the EC8 classification.

The residuals analysis proved that grouping by station provides a set of relations that improves the predictions at many stations. On the contrary, L1Out cross-validation proved that the regressions retrieved grouping by EC8 classification produce higher uncertainties on the predictions than the others. Furthermore, the cross-validation proved that Iv2 is more correlated to RSA than Pd. Finally, the analysis of the random effect vs period curves confirmed that EC8 classification is unrelated to the site effect on RSA even looking only at the trend of these curves.

In conclusion, non-ergodic random-effect regression can be used also in the EEW applications to predict site-specific ground motion. EEWS that use this approach are less dependent by site-effect and able to provide more precise and reliable alerts.


Many years of experience gained on Austrian Federal Railways (OBB) with the combined operation of levelling, lining and tamping machines, ballast profiling machines, and the dynamic track stabilizer, have led to the development of the mechanized maintenance train MDZ 2000. Comprising two machines, the 09-3X Tamping Express and the AFKM automatic track finishing machine, the MDZ 2000 achieves an outstanding economic efficiency. Some of the main advantages identified include: uniform anticipation of the initial settlements; recovery of the track's resistance to lateral displacement; avoidance of speed restrictions following maintenance work; and extension of maintenance intervals.


If we try to understand the nature of political realism, we cannot obviate the role that political theology and voluntarism has played in its configuration. The explanation of political realism then rests in the presence of exceptionality which is in good manner the permanent manifestation of indetermination. This can be appreciated in the political world (Schmitt) as it can be seen in law studies (Hart), situation that evidences the amplitude of this phenomenon. However, given the magnitude of modernity and the development of technique, it is probable that the manifestation of exceptionality becomes more permanent, which augurs a long decisionist period, phenomenon that is initiated with the Bolshevist revolution and National-socialism and which will continue surely within the present contexts of "war against terror", "world economic crisis" or "ecologic emergency".


In control of large-scale intelligent infrastructures, multilevel optimization can serve as a useful framework to deal with overall complex problems, especially in networks that already exhibit a natural hierarchy of decision makers with different objectives. In particular, solution methods from the hierarchical game theory can be adopted. Here, we focus on solving problems that belong to the specific class of reverse Stackelberg games. In this game, a follower player acts subsequent to the leader's revelation of her so-called leader function, which maps the leader decision space to the follower decision space. In general, the problem of finding a leader function such that the leader's objective function is optimized while taking into account a follower decision that is optimal for the follower, is difficult to solve. We provide a structured solution approach for the class of nonlinear leader functions and make a comparison with the evolutionary approaches proposed in the literature. In particular, a continuous multilevel optimization approach and a gridding approach are proposed to compute an optimal leader function based on basis functions. Also, leader functions derived by interpolation are discussed. All approaches are illustrated and compared in a worked example, in which the required computation times and deviation from the desired solution are considered.


Abstract High resolution Kossel diagram images of the blue phases have been found to reveal previously unobserved features, some theoretically predicted by Belyakov, et al., These features consist of gaps in the Kossel line intensity at the crossing point of two or more Kossel lines and interference fringes in regions of many-wave diffraction. A simple theory, side-stepping the need to solve Maxwell's equations, based on the interference of light diffracted from multiple sets of Bragg planes is shown to qualitatively explain the results. Also, these many-wave diffraction features are shown to allow a solution to the phase problem in the blue phases. The modelled results are found to be in contradiction with the double twist model of BPII.


Objective
To analyze the efficacy and safety of rebamipide tablets combined with rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).

Methods
A total of 192 CAG patients admitted to Central Hospital of Henan Energy Jiaozuo Coal Industry Group from January 2013 to January 2018 were included and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the ratio of 1∶1, with 96 cases in each group. Control group was treated with rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets, and observation group was given rebamipide tablets + rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets, and they were treated for 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy, pathological scores (gland atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia), gastric function-related indicators, including gastrin-17 (GAS-17), pepsinogen I (PGI), epidermal growth factor (EGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), Hp eradication rate and safety were compared between the two groups.

Results
After treatment, the total improvement rate of treatment and negative conversion rate of Hp in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group, (91.67% and 80.21%) vs. (78.12% and 62.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), with good safety.

Conclusions
Rebamipide tablets combined with rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets has obvious effects on CAG, and it can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients and regulate the levels of gastric function-related indicators, with good safety.

Key words:
Rebamipide tablets; Rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets; Chronic atrophic gastritis


The authors have found that equal fractions of the number of raw rice particles are shattered by each successive stroke of an equal count of mastication. The mathematical representation of this statement isN=N0⋅10-ktorlog(N/N0×100)=2-ktwhere N0 is the number of raw rice particle, N is its number after the masticatory stroke (t), and the constant k is the mastication coefficient (masticatory index).


The problem of assigning wavelengths and routing multicast sessions in DWDM networks has given rise to a host of heuristic and approximate techniques. In this paper we demonstrate that it is feasible to find optimal solutions for many instances of this problem using integer linear programming. The technique presented is also useful as an optimal standard to which heuristics can be compared in order to determine the quality of solutions they generate. The goal of this paper is to document an integer programming tableau for routing multicast sessions in DWDM networks, while accounting for a variety of limits on the abilities of the nodes in the network to drop, split and convert wavelengths. Examples of applying the tableau to problems of moderate size are included.


movement. In subsequent chapters Overell delineates the essential features of this intriguing connection, sealed by the trials and tribulations of such well-known exiles as Bernardino Ochino, Peter Martyr Vermigli, Emmanuel Tremellius, Giacomo Aconcio, or of less known but influential figures like Giovanni Battista Castiglione, Princess Elizabeth's Italian teacher, Pietro Vanni, Latin secretary to King Henry VIII, Guido Giannetti, royal informant on Italian affairs, and many others. The book also sheds much-needed new light on our understanding of Marian reCatholicisation led by Cardinal Reginald Pole, English by birth but once prominent among Italy's spirituali. Included in this vivid representation of Anglo-Italian contacts are humanists like Celio Secondo Curione and Francesco Negri, or divines like Pier Paolo Vergerio; although they never took up residence in England, they interacted with England theologically, and their writings are inextricably woven into English history. Chapter ix ('A literary epilogue') is notable for its explication of the conspicuous consumption of Italian religious books in the second half of Elizabeth's reign. While it is understood that this study focuses primarily upon religious history, the analysis of the Anglo-Italian interactions would have been greatly enriched had it been built on recent important scholarship occurring in other disciplines, such as political science, philosophy, literature and book production. For instance, the author's case for the link between the two countries in this latter field would have been strengthened exponentially had it taken into account Ugo Rozzo's watershed works. Nevertheless, Overell is to be congratulated on this excellent study. The author displays a penetrating and incisive understanding of the primary sources and at the same time synthesises a wide range of the latest scholarship. The book will be helpful to any scholar interested in exploring the relationships between Italian reform and English reformations.


The objective of the article is to analyze social entrepreneurship and its management within the dairy sector, the purpose was to find out how the basic areas play an important role for both the company and its members, it was also sought to highlight the importance of social entrepreneurs for the development and economic growth of it. Framed in a quantitative paradigm, the type of research was descriptive, with a nonexperimental, cross-sectional field design. The population of analysis was made up of 75 subjects in the categories of Managers and employees. Data collection was through a survey. Regarding the managerial part, it was found that the organizational structure must be well distributed to fulfill its mission objective, as for the human resource, a stable condition was not found and the financial part had adequate management for the development of social potential. The employees expressed the organizational structure gives them peace of mind and confidence in their work, in terms of human resources they have stability and training to improve their performance and the financing is consistent with the training and growth needs of the social entrepreneur, it was concluded that the Basic areas in its organizational structure are based on good processes that help their human talent to participate actively and congruently in all areas of the organization, in addition the training of the social entrepreneur is financially guaranteed by the company and helps in the implementation of projects For these new entrepreneurs.


SummaryThe mechanism producing power enhancements in pulsed He-Ne gas lasers operating at 0.63 and 1.15 µm is discussed. Strong power overshoots have been observed in both these lines when the r.f. discharge is modulated with a square wave. In the visible transition a fast discharge rise time is necessary. From an analysis of the discharge formation it turns out that fast discharge rise times can be attained if a sufficient number of suitably spaced electrodes is employed. The dependence of overshoot, steady-state and afterglow outputs on pressure has been investigated over a wide range of total pressures at fixed He-Ne ratio (9:1) and for several inner tube diameters. No substantial difference has been found between the visible and infra-red cases. In the latter, due to the slower excitation transfer through He(23S)-Ne collisions, the strongest power overshoots occur at quite higher values of pressure.RiassuntoSi discute il meecanismo che produce l'aumento di potenza durante il transitorio iniziale nei laser a He-Ne pulsati. Forti aumenti di potenza sono stati osservati nelle due transizioni a 6328 Å e 1.15 µm. L'andamento della scarica a r.f. è stato analizzato al fine di chiarire le condizioni in cui si presentano questi aumenti di potenza. È stata svolta un'analisi dettagliata della dipendenza dell'uscita laser dalla pressione totale con rapporto di He-Ne costante (9:1) e per diversi valori di diametro interno. Nessuna differenza sostanziale è stata trovata tra il comportamento della transizione visibile e quella infrarossa.


Abstract The recovery of the harmonic coefficienti of the anomalous potential from a geodetic guari-titi/ sampltd aver a regular grid is affected by the non-exact discrete orthogonality of spher-ical harmonics; larger errori occur far block-averaged quantities owing to the non-simplebehaviour of the block-average operator when applied to spherical harmonics. Fourier co-efficients, on the contrary, can be recovered by exact formulas both from paini and block-averaged data; furthermore, Fourier analysis enables to give a rigorous description of alias-ing from high-degree harmonic componente far the sphere. The harmonic coefficients of atruncated model can then be obtained by solving linear systems; errori and correlations incoefficienti arising from incorrelated measurement errori are analysed. 1. Introduction Por the spectral analysis of a function on the sphere (1.1) n,m wherecos mA , m > Om <0(1.2)quadrature formulas are used:d8sm6f(0,\)Y nm (6,X} o o arising from orthogonality properties of spherical harmonics:(1.3)


This paper reports on the paludification of kettle holes formed in a proglacial esker complex at Lake Bienville in northern Quebec. Deep hollows on the central islands of this large subarctic lake (c. 900 kin2), are highly exposed to northeasterly and southwesterly winds over long fetches, and accumulate large amounts of drifting snow (c. 4 m). Modifications in local snow distribution associated with Holocene vegetation and climate changes contributed to an increased water supply in kettle holes. Podzolic soils with light patches in the B horizon are attributed to differential water circulation during thawing in coarse-textured soils with high moisture supply associated with thicker snow. Peat started to form over well-drained podzolic soils after 600 BP, especially c. 200 BP, when suitable conditions for Sphagnum growth established at the front of snowbeds. The recent development of patchy podzolic soils and paludification of kettle holes are interpreted as the result of a combination of bioclimatic events including: (l) the development of a postfire, open-vegetation cover after c. 1500 BP associated with cooler conditions exacerbated by the presence of a large water body; and (2) the shift from a boreal-to a subarctic-like (wind-controlled) snow regime permitting the accumulation of large amounts of snow and late melting.


We investigate entropic aspects of the quantum entanglement dynamics of two-qubits systems interacting with an environment. In particular we consider the detection, based on the violation of classical entropic inequalities involving q-entropies, of the phenomenon of entanglement disappearance and subsequent entanglement revival during the alluded two-qubits' evolution.


The goal of this paper is to specify market models for credit portfolios in a top-down setting driven by time-inhomogeneous Levy processes. We provide a new framework, conditions for absence of arbitrage, explicit examples, an affine setup which includes contagion and pricing formulas for STCDOs and options on STCDOs. A calibration to iTraxx data with an extended Kalman filter shows an excellent fit over the full observation period. The calibration is done on a set of CDO tranche spreads ranging across six tranches and three maturities.


This paper in technical and economical view analyzed characteristic solutions which are applied in process industry practice in design of welded constructions. In presented examples was showed possible irregularities and recommendations for finding better solution. Given examples could be used by designer in choosing final construction solution.


Oceania, through the Pacific Islands Forum, is re-examining its processes and institutions in an attempt to become more effective as a region. Pacific leaders have adopted a 'Pacific Plan' that is designed to detail how the region will improve its governance, develop economically, ensure democratic values and deepen its commitment to human rights. The Plan argues that more and deeper cooperation is necessary to achieve these outcomes. But the region's states already cooperate closely in many spheres and there is no evidence that more cooperation will achieve anything but more cooperation. What is needed is the development of an explicit regional community within which the members (both states and citizens) can achieve their full potential unconstrained by the many structural and cultural barriers that exist with even the closest cooperative arrangements.


To solve the problem of information isolated island,identified during the informationization construction of management in college,the information resource planning(IRP) techniques that proceeded from the IRP theories was probed to realize its application in the information management systems of college.Specifically,the processes and methodologies associated with the process reengineering,user view construction and database standardization were provided,so the information resource management of whole college could beimproved.Consequently,the whole management level of college would be heightened.


The biological samples were ex- tracted with ethylacetate and concentrated. Employing the high performance liquid chromatography with a reverse- phase chro- matographic column of Lichrosorb Si 6 0 and a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran/petroleum ether (1 .4/98.6 ) for determina- tion of phoxim content in serum and brain homogenate,the toxicokinetic profile of phoxim administrated orally in rats was il- lustrated.Meanwhile,using the inhibition rate of serum butyrylcholinesterase(BCh E) activity and brain homogenate acetyl- cholinesterase (ACh E) activity as well as the activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in brain homogenate as toxic effect indices, its toxicodynamics was explored.Toxicoki- netic studies of phoxim in rat after2 75 mg · kg- 1 intragastic administration demon- strated that serum phoxim concentration against time profile was fitted well to the one- compartmentopen model with1 st order absorption. Toxicokinetic parameters and their values calculated from this model were ka1 .87h- 1 ,t1 / 2 (ka) 0 .37h,Tp1 .2 6 h,Cmax1 . 90 mg· L- 1 .Relationship between in- hibitory effect on ACh E and serum phoxim concentration was indicated as a counter- clock- wise hysteresis loop. The abnormal fluctuation of NOS activity in brain,with the time prolonging,indicated that NO in- volved in the non- cholinergic neurotoxicity. These results,rather slower auto- reactiva- tion and aging of inhibited BCh E,may sug- gest pronounced evidence for its role in cholinergic effect.


A stable, 1.13 MW single-mode oscillation was obtained at 170 GHz in a short-pulse gyrotron with a high-order volume mode TE 31,8 . The maximum efficiency was 30%, and no power degradation due to mode competition was observed. This result indicates the potential for the development of a 170 GHz, 1 MW, CW gyrotron which is required for electron cyclotron heating and current drive of large fusion devices.


By using cone expansion-compression theorem in this paper, we study boundary value problems for a coupled system of nonlinear third-order differential equation. Some sufficient conditions are obtained which guarantee the boundary value problems for a coupled system of nonlinear third-order differential equation has at least one positive solution. Some examples are given to verify our results.


As software reuse becomes more prominent and accepted in industry, systems and tools for software reuse become a key aspect in achieving successful reuse of software artifacts. A major problem with such tools is the retrieval and classification of the software modules. To search for and retrieve the conceptually closest software component from a library of software modules, components need to be classified in some manner. We address this problem by showing how the software library can be organized using a clustering scheme. We also show graphically using a simplified example, how our scheme clusters software components containing descriptions of software modules. We contend that this organization easily supports a retrieval method for software components to be reused. Our scheme is automatic and classifies components that have been represented using a knowledge representation-based language.


In global competition, protection from the loss of talent resource and management creation are two new problems that require solutions. The enterprises shall lay stress on "recycling grow benefit" of the qualified people movements, prevent the loss of them, exploit the resource, realize the consciousness of the cost, activate existing resource, decrease the risk due to the movement of the people and enforce the law of movements and increase totally benefits of the qualified people resource.


The exchanging process inside LAN or through the Internet may be exposed to be stolen, altered or damaged by a baleful person who was represented as real threats to transport process and also to information especially if this information was sensitive, important and must be accessed by only authorized person. Therefore this data must be secured against such threats. Steganography is classified as the art of hiding information in a suitable carrier like image, text, audio and video. It can also be applied to network protocols whether to header or payload of the packet. In this paper, steganography was implemented on the header of IP packet protocol and/or TCP segment protocol by exploiting the sequence number field of this header for hiding information inside it. In addition, four characters would be sent in every connection. So to increase the amount of information which could be sent, the number of connections must be increased.


Real-time monitoring of the wear state of key components of mechanical equipment is one of the key engineering applications of tribology. It can be realized with the help of data-driven technology. In this study, the multiple-source sensor data and the surface topography of the disc specimen during the tribo-test were collected using the pin-on-disc test. The pin material was polyimide, and the disc material was titanium alloy. During the test, the surface topography of the disc specimen was collected by restarting multiple times for single pair of specimens. The data collected by the sensors of the tribometer itself include the applied normal load, the measured friction force, the calculated friction coe�cient, the position of the pin, and the rotational speed of the disc. The data collected by the data acquisition platform include the vibration data in three directions, sound pressure, and audio data. The data collected by the white-light interferometer are the surface topography of the four worn areas on the disc. These data can be used to explore the trend of surface topography during the friction process and to verify the performance of different data-driven methods in studying the correlation between surface topography and multi-source sensor data.


Recommendation systems for the mobile Web have focused on endorsing specificr content based on user preferences. But, user preferences vary in different contexts, such as at different times of day and in different locations. Therefore, in a mobile networking setting, providing proactive personalized service is more likely to depend on actual user context. This paper proposed a context-aware mobile recommendation system framework based on user models utilizing the context history. The approach was validated in the tourism domain. From our experiment and evaluation, the proposed framework is a promising approach to provider proactive personalized services to mobile users. Moreover, this research offers the personalized services to new users analyzing between the new user's information and the stored association rules. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i4.4786


Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are promising materials for constructing highly flexible composites for supercapacitor electrodes. Here, we prepared composite films with a sandwich structure and outstanding electrochemical properties by electrodepositing manganese oxide (MnOx) on the flexible CNT macrofilms. All-solid-state supercapacitors were then fabricated from the CNT–MnOx composite films using poly(vinylalcohol)–potassium hydroxide as the gel electrolyte. The supercapacitors have a high performance with a specific capacitance of 73.4 F g−1 and an energy density of 6.2 W h kg−1. The supercapacitors also exhibit high flexibility and stability under bending and kneading. When cut into small parts, the supercapacitor fragments can still work independently. The highly flexible and tailorable supercapacitors have great potential in flexible electronics in the future.


The utility model discloses a liquid display screen which comprises a first transparent base plate, a second transparent base plate, two groups of transparent running cables and a driving IC, wherein the two groups of transparent running cables are mutually vertical and are positioned on the first transparent base plate or the second transparent base plate, the driving IC is positioned in a non-display area of the first transparent base plate or the second transparent base plate, and one group of transparent running cables of the two groups of transparent running cables is at least divided into three parts which are arranged from the upper parts of the first transparent base plate or the second transparent base plate to the driving IC. The utility model is respectively provided with the running cables in the non-display areas at both sides of the two base plates in groups, the space of the running cables is enlarged, the width of the running cables can be adjusted according to the distance of the running cables, and the resistance of the running cables is consistent, which ensures that the contrast grade is homogeneous and improves the display quality.


A two-step automatic image segmentation procedure was developed to segment a large database of mouse tibia cross-sections. The resulting binary images were used to calculate physical parameters of the cortical region of the specimen.


This paper presents the design optimization and innovation on layout,marine structure and handling technology for the special-purpose jetty in Fangcheng Port Steel-making Project.


This paper focuses on the usefulness of the UTAUT model in explaining behavioural intention to adopt mobile learning in the Caribbean. It employs confirmatory factor analysis with robust maximum likelihood estimation, to evaluate the measures, comparability of the measures and to compare the means of the factors between five university-territory combinations. It estimates a full structural equations model to evaluate the UTAUT relationships with an added effect of facilitating conditions on behavioural intention and it finds little support for effects of effort expectancy and social factors on behavioural intention in the region. However, the impacts of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on behavioural intention are similar across the region. With the UTAUT model underperforming in the region, there is a need for further research to strengthen measurement of the factors and to improve the explained variance by determining measures that are relevant to the regions and which can be included in a modified model.


Mineral wool designates a highly porous network of fibres drawn by spinning molten minerals. Traditionally, mineral wool products have found application as thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings. Recent concepts where mineral wool products are subjected to higher structural loads have emerged and as a consequence focus on the mechanical properties of mineral wool has intensified. Also understanding the deformation mechanisms during compression of low density mineral wool is crucial since better thickness recovery after compression will result in significant savings on transport costs. The mechanical properties of mineral wool relate closely to the arrangement and characteristics of the fibres inside the material. Because of the complex architecture of mineral wool, the characterization and the understanding of the mechanism of deformations require a new methodology. In this PhD thesis, a methodology based on image analysis to characterize the 3D structure of mineral wool materials in terms of fibre orientation, fibre diameter, contacts and pore size is proposed. The method uses 3D data obtained by X-ray tomography. The measured data are fitted to probability distributions in order to facilitate the comparison of individual characteristics of different mineral wool materials and provide simple descriptors of the 3D structure. All the methods described here are applied to glass wool and stone wool. By developing a FEM model including the real characteristic of the mineral wool fibre structure, the effect of the structure on mechanical properties can be explored. The size of the representative volume elements for the prediction of the elastic properties is determined for two types of applied boundary conditions. For sufficiently large volumes, the predicted elastic properties are consistent with results from the literature and confirm the transverse isotropy of mineral wool. Finally, the overall methodology is applied to study the compression of mineral wool products. Xray tomography and the developed image analysis techniques are employed to quantify the change of the fibre structure under compression and confirm the reorientation of the fibres. A numerical model of the cyclic compression of mineral wool is developed and reproduces successfully the hysteresis observed experimentally. The results of the modelling indicate that the size of the hysteresis is linked to the friction coefficient between the fibres. Elastic and compressive properties of mineral wool products can now be predicted and optimized with respect to the fibre structure, binder and fibre content using the micromechanical FEM model developed in this PhD study.


: The Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov ( Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae ) is a dangerous pest of the taiga forest in Siberia. The present research is aimed to improve the monitoring system towards early detection and prediction of the Siberian moth outbreaks in dark-conifer-ous taiga in the mountainous region of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Eastern Siberia). The study determined the habitats preferred by the Siberian moth considering the relief, the type of forest and forest inventory characteristics. For that, we analyzed data obtained with the remote sensing and those collected in nature in 2018-2019 through surveying the plots damaged by the pest.


The invention relates to a pneumatic respirator with a safety monitor function based on the Internet of Things. The pneumatic respirator comprises a center control device, a respiration mechanism and a monitor alarm mechanism which are electrically connected with the center control device, wherein the respiration mechanism comprises an inspiration air supply device, a moistener, an oxygen partial pressure device, a respiration control device, a vital capacity measurement device and a respiration nozzle; the inspiration air supply device is communicated with the moistener; and the oxygen partial pressure device is communicated with the moistener. According to the pneumatic respirator, the respirator using situation of a user can be monitored by staff in real time; the monitor alarm module enables an oxygen source pressure alarm device, a power supply disconnection alarm device, a switching failure alarm device, a temperature detection device, a horizontal plane sensor and an airway pressure measurement device to monitor the working state of the respirator in real time, and can be used for sending out alarm in time, so that the reliability of the respirator is improved.


Background. Cocoa bean contains polyphenol that has been known for its
antibacterial and antioxidant effect. Objective. The aim of the present study was
to know inhibitory effect of cocoa bean extract against Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans growth. Method. This research was an experimental
study with post test control group only design. The sample of this experimental
study was extract of cocoa bean. The antibacterial activity test uses difusion
method, these were divided into 8 test group with concentration 100%, 50%, 25%,
12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, 0,78%, and positive control. Statistic analysis was
done by One-Way Anova Test. Result. The result of antibacterial activity,
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) significant from the concentration 25%
(p=0,580). Conclusion. The result of inhibitory effect were effective for
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth. MIC for Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans growth was 12,5% v/v.


We presents result of CDD photometry for SU UMa dwarf nova NY Her during 6 nights in June 2017 when object was in quiescence. Light curves clearly show strong amplitude variations in a range of 0m.7-1m.1. Time series analysis revealed a period 0.07141(5) d, that we identified as the period of possible negative superhumps of NY Her.


The easily obtained and very stable title compound 1 can be used for direct diazoacetylation of aromatic or aliphatic amines, phenols, thiophenol, and peptides under mild conditions


Melanopsin‐containing ganglion cell photoreceptors are post‐synaptic neurons and their light responses could therefore be modified by extracellular neuromodulators present in the mammalian retina. In this study, we show that the duration of light‐evoked spiking in these intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is significantly lengthened following elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adenosine, a retinal neuromodulator released at night and after dark adaptation, significantly reduced light‐evoked ipRGC spiking through suppression of the cAMP‐related pathway. The effects of adenosine were mediated through activation of A1 receptors present on ipRGCs. Adenosine‐mediated modulation of ipRGCs may represent an internal regulatory mechanism that influences a variety of light‐regulated processes such as circadian rhythm photoentrainment, pupil constriction and sleep/wakefulness.


Tibetan Plateau is a special block of Eastern Asia, whose medium properties and tectonic patterns are inhomogeneous and anisotropic. Moreover its evolution process is nonlinear. The compound geophysical fields indicate that Tibetan plateau is divided into eastern and western subareas by complicated force system that compress in NS direction and expand in EW direction. Their boundary is around the rang of 90° ± 2°E. It means that Tibet is composed of three parts (west, middle and east). In the middle zone, the gravity field, geomagnetism field, geothermal field , seismology field, properties of deep medium and structure and its composition are quite different from the eastern and western parts, which indicate that the deep process and dynamical response are different in the whole plateau.


Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection increases the risk of gastric cancer. Therefore, eradication is a global goal, which requires continuous monitoring of therapeutic regimens and effectiveness. Clarithromycin resistance is an important contributor to eradication failure, and metronidazole is recommended as second‐line treatment in such cases. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates and treatment effectiveness in patients with Hp using tailored therapies according to clarithromycin susceptibility testing.


Quantum keys created during the quantum key distribution protocol have absolute secrecy due to physical laws and are not susceptible to breaking even with the unlimited computing power of the attacker. However, quantum key distribution systems have a range limit. Quantum key distribution networks based on trusted intermediate nodes are built to overcome the problem of the maximum range. This paper examines the connection of backbone networks with networks of arbitrary topology, introduces criteria for the classification of key generation and distribution schemes, and classifies some schemes according to the criteria introduced.


Abstract Kh. Qumran was visited by western explorers during the nineteenth century, long before the famous discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls nearby. The observations of these visitors supplement the preliminary reports of Roland de Vaux, who excavated the site in the 1950s. Do their transliterations of the name of the site (e.g. 'Goumran') indicate that the present site-name is inaccurate? Probably not, because a sound something like English 'g' was used by Bedouin guides for Arabic qāf. However, the origin of the name 'Qumran' remains obscure. One solution would be to see it as the Aramaic (Syriac) word qumrā, meaning 'belt', an apt name for the wadi that runs beside the ruin.


EGCG analogs 6 and 8 with 1,3-benzenediol, but not 2 and 4 with a 1,2-benzenediol structure, can enhance the anti-cancer effects of bortezomib (BZM) on human multiple myeloma cells.


mended, if iodide of potassium should fail, that one should resort to local treatment alone. Metasyphilitic processes are very suitable objects for surgical treatment. In cases where there is no doubt and where mercury seems unavoidably indicated, it is advisable to commence with very small doses of this metal or its salts, controlling carefully the body weight and increasing the doses only when the weight increases. The success of the anti-syphilitic treatment is only shown when it increases the patient's weight. Finally, I should like to emphasise that the success of local treatI ment of laryngeal tuberculosis shoivs itself only partly in the laryn| geal mirror ; its principal image must show itself by an improvement (f the signs on auscultation and percussion over the thorax and mi the scale of the weighing machine !


Based on the listed companies during 2007 to 2009,this paper examines the effects of the nature of property right and equity concentration on the influence of corporate social responsibility fulfillment.The results of the study show that higher ratio of ownership concentration of listed companies have higher degree of Corporate social responsibility(CSR) compared with the listed companies in lower ratio of ownership concentration.The impact of the ownership concentration of the state-owned listed companies on the fulfillment of CSR is significant positive correlated;while relations between ownership concentration and the fulfillment of CSR is not significant effect in non-state-owned listed companies.Meanwhile,ownership concentration of listed companies has a significant positive correlation to the government,investors and employees responsibility,and not significant influence with the supplies responsibility.


Brake pad clip for a disc brake assembly is disposed between the caliper member and the brake pads. U-shaped portion comprises a base portion, symmetrical legs facing is substantially perpendicular to the extending from the base portion. U-shaped portion is adapted to receive a portion of the brake pads therebetween. First adjacent portion, extending from the base portion in the opposite direction of the legs. Second adjacent portion, at a distance from the first adjacent portion, extending from the base portion in the opposite direction of the legs. First adjacent portion and the second adjacent portion is adapted to receive a portion of the caliper member.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are one of the most important
elements in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. It is envisaged that WSNs will seamlessly bridge
the physical world with the Internet resulting in countless IoT applications in smart cities, wearable
devices, smart grids, smart retails amongst others. It is necessary, however, to consider that sensing,
processing and communicating large amounts of sensor data is an energy-demanding tasks. Recharging
or replacing those battery-powered sensor nodes deployed in inaccessible locations is generally a
tedious and time-consuming task. As a result, energy efficient approaches for WSN need to be devised
in order to prolong the longevity of the network.

 In this paper, we present an approach that reduces energy consumption by controlling the
sampling rate and the number of actively communicating nodes. The proposed approach applies compressive
sensing to reduce the sampling rate and a statistical approach to decrease the sample size of
sensor nodes.

The proposed approach is expected to significantly increase the lifetime of
the network whilst maintaining the event detection accuracy.


Abstract The present study is an endeavor to understand the sociodemographic profile, reproductive health, and nutritional status of the Juangs, a particularly vulnerable tribal population of Odisha, India. A total of 435 adult males and 515 adult females (≥18 years) were considered from 15 villages under two blocks of Keonjhar district of Odisha, India. A pre-structured schedule was used to collect data on the sociodemographic profile and reproductive health. Heights and weights were recorded using the standard protocol. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) sex difference was found with respect to age, educational status, and occupational status between the males and the females. The present study reveals that the mean reproductive wastage was found to be 0.55. The maternal and child health care services unveil that only 29.9 percent of the women have taken iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets and 23.1 percent have taken at least one tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine. Maximum percentage of women (75.9%) were assisted by elderly women during delivery, and only 35.1 percent adopted the sterilization method for fertility regulation. Among the mothers, 60.6 percent initiated breastfeeding on the third day, 55.9 percent breastfed their babies for a period of 2 years, and 66.2 percent mothers immunized their children with at least one vaccine. A significant sex difference of mean body mass index (BMI) (t – 5.68; p < 0.001) was observed between the Juang males and females. The study reflects that the extents of undernutrition among the males (57.5%) and the females (62.9%) were very high, which indicates that the Juangs are under serious nutritional stress. Hence, immediate appropriate nutritional intervention programs are needed for implementation.


This article sets out the concept of Apparent Intended Lethality (AIL) with respect to terrorist bomb attacks and explores its measurement through objective behavioral indices. AIL is assessed for 120 bomb attacks carried out by animal rights and anti-abortion extremists in the United States. A wide range of AIL is observed, ranging from hoax attacks to highly lethal attacks. Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA) reveals that single-issue terrorist bombers' intended lethality can be modeled according to three independent dimensions: device strategy, targeting, and pre-event warnings. This model can be used to measure AIL for an individual terrorist attack or an entire terrorist campaign, and can identify cumulative and compensatory lethality strategies. Many have noted the difficulty of assessing terrorist motivations; AIL provides an empirically based assessment of a key facet of terrorist intentions.


Abstract Results from a snap-shot survey of Dacine fruit flies carried out on three of the Solomon Islands in April 2018 are reported. Using traps baited with the male lures cue-lure, methyl eugenol, and zingerone, 30 of the 48 species previously known to occur in the Solomon Islands were collected. Six species are newly described here: Bactroceraallodistinctasp. nov., B.geminosimulatasp. nov., B.kolombangaraesp. nov., B.quasienochrasp. nov., B.tsatsiaisp. nov., and B.vargasisp. nov., all authored by Leblanc & Doorenweerd. An illustrated key to the 54 species now known to be present in the country is provided.


Purpose: To evaluate whether radiological findings and healing time in children with pneumonia are correlated to etiologic agent. Material and Methods: A total of 346 children with radiologically verified acute pneumonia, and with accomplished serological tests for bacteria and viruses, were included in the study. Five etiological groups were analysed: children with bacterial etiology only, with viral etiology only, with mixed bacterial and viral etiology, with Mycoplasma only, and children with no etiology. Results: The chest films of each etiological group were analysed and the findings were correlated to the children's age. The radiological findings did not differ between the etiological groups. Radiological findings correlated significantly with the patient's age. The radiological healing frequency at check‐up X‐ray was found to be significantly lower in children with mixed bacterial and viral etiology compared to children in each of the other groups and to the material as a whole. Conclusion: Conclusions about the etiology could not be drawn from the chest X‐ray findings.


OR 2 and the corresponding 95% CIs were derived from multiple logistic regression models including terms for (a) age and calendar year of interview and (b) additional terms for education, cervical screening history, smoking habits, menopausal status, number of partners, parity, oral contraceptive use, and menopause hormone replacement therapy use. In comparison with never drinkers, the age-adjusted OR was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.04 –1.59) for regular alcohol drinkers, and the multivariate OR was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.98 –1.56). The multivariate OR was 1.21 for drinkers of wine only (which represented the large majority of all alcohol intake in Italy) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.11–2.59) for drinkers of wine and other alcoholic beverages combined. In a companion study of in situ cervical cancer (6) based on 408 cases and 322 outpatient controls, the multivariate OR


Practical applications of event extraction sys- 001 tems have long been hindered by their need 002 for heavy human annotation. In order to scale 003 up to new domains and event types, models 004 must learn to cope with limited supervision, 005 as in few-shot learning settings. To this end, 006 the major challenge is to let the model master 007 the semantic of event types, without requiring 008 abundant event mention annotations. In our 009 study, we employ cloze prompts to elicit event- 010 related knowledge from pretrained language 011 models and further use event definitions and 012 keywords to pinpoint the trigger word. By for- 013 mulating the event detection task as an identify- 014 then-localize procedure, we minimize the num- 015 ber of type-specific parameters, enabling our 016 model to quickly adapt to event detection tasks 017 for new types. Experiments on three event de- 018 tection benchmark datasets (ACE, FewEvent, 019 MAVEN) show that our proposed method per- 020 forms favorably under fully supervised settings 021 and surpasses existing few-shot methods by 022 16% F1 on the FewEvent dataset and 23% on 023 the MAVEN dataset when only 5 examples are 024 provided for each event type. 1 025


The present study analyzes two locative English prepositions behind and beyond from the cognitive semantic point of view. These prepositions pose a problem experienced by Iraqi undergraduates. The complexity of these two prepositions encourages the researcher to use the cognitive linguistics (CL) approach and its insights as developed by Evans and Tyler 2003 to test its validity and help the Iraqi students. The data analysis is quantitatively-based. Seventy second-year university students participate in this experimental study. The pre-test and post-test data are analyzed through SPSS statistical editor and the results show a progress of more than (0.05≤). The results of the questionnaire show a noticeable positive change in the students' attitude toward CL approach and display the main source of difficulty that is related to perplexity in the usage of these prepositions. The effectiveness of CL approach in getting accurate comprehension of the English prepositions behind and beyond is proved by the results of this experiment.


Thermal–runaway (TRA) is one of the most challenging phenomena in valve regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries. Although many researches have been done on this topic (see for example [1– 3]), its exact cause is not well known yet. In the present work, a general thermal–electrochemical formulation is presented by which thermal runaway in any battery type including lead–acid batteries can be studied. The main heat sources arising from electrochemical reactions are divided into reversible and irreversible parts and it is shown that only irreversible parts contributes to heat generation and the reversible parts are canceled out in the positive and negative electrodes. This formulation is applied to lead–acid batteries and the results are discussed.


Untreated or partially treated wastewater is widely used for irrigation in water scarce regions in several countries including India. While the nutrients contained in the wastewater is considered as beneficial to agriculture, the contaminants present in wastewater pose health risks directly to agricultural workers and indirectly to consumers of the waste water grown product. In the present work effects of municipal waste water irrigation on the accumulation of heavy metals Pb, Ni and Cd in vegetables was investigated by monitoring waste water irrigated agricultural fields of Satna area. It was found that the vegetables grown with waste water had higher concentrations of metals than those irrigated with tube well water with highest concentration of all the metals found in Spinach i.e. Pd, Cd and Ni to be 5.5, 4.0 and6.2 mg/Kg dry weight respectively.


One of the most adaptive immune responses is triggered by specific T-cell receptors (TCR) binding to peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). Despite the availability of many prediction servers to identify peptides binding to MHC, these servers are often lacking in peptide–TCR interactions and detailed atomic interacting models. PAComplex is the first web server investigating both pMHC and peptide-TCR interfaces to infer peptide antigens and homologous peptide antigens of a query. This server first identifies significantly similar TCR–pMHC templates (joint Z-value ≥ 4.0) of the query by using antibody–antigen and protein–protein interacting scoring matrices for peptide-TCR and pMHC interfaces, respectively. PAComplex then identifies the homologous peptide antigens of these hit templates from complete pathogen genome databases (≥108 peptide candidates from 864 628 protein sequences of 389 pathogens) and experimental peptide databases (80 057 peptides in 2287 species). Finally, the server outputs peptide antigens and homologous peptide antigens of the query and displays detailed interacting models (e.g. hydrogen bonds and steric interactions in two interfaces) of hitTCR-pMHC templates. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed server can achieve high prediction accuracy and offer potential peptide antigens across pathogens. We believe that the server is able to provide valuable insights for the peptide vaccine and MHC restriction. The PAComplex sever is available at http://PAcomplex.life.nctu.edu.tw.


Introduction Companies sourcing fresh produce globally link local production systems to corporate strategic outlooks and competitive consumer markets. Contracting out the production of fresh agricultural product is a widespread and important tool for organising agricultural production in line with corporate strategies and market demands. This system leads to social and technical integration of independent farmers into extensive production and marketing schemes adopted by internationally operating agribusiness. The precise organisational modality resulting from this form of incorporation and co-ordination often resembles a muddy mixture of variant institutional perspectives. Analysis of a contract farming scheme in the Philippines, producing fresh asparagus for the Japanese market, identifies a pallet of institutional perspectives and discusses what happens when these are incommensurable at times of production failures or financial pressures (Vellema 2002; 2003). My analysis centres on variant grower-company interactions in integration, and on growers' responses to the imposition of institutional frameworks. Ethnographic investigation points to the capacity of contractual arrangements to incorporate diverse social relations into the firm's operations and strategies.


The intensity of ICT usage continues to increase. This should be accompanied  by the increase of the government's performance, and one of the important components is governance of the ICT system planning. The ICT system planning with a good management will provide significant benefits to the organization. One cause of insignificant benefits ICT to the organizational goals is there is no ICT governance applied.  It can be caused by many things, one of them is the lack of knowledge and awareness about the ICT governance, so there are still many government agencies which have not yet implemented properly the ICT governance. By using quantitative approaches, questionnaire instrument was adapted from the General Guide of the National ICT Governance. Framework COBIT and data analysis techniques adopted from the COBIT Maturity level. This study aims to explore the guidelines as an evaluation tool for the governance of the ICT system planning in Department of Communications and Information Technology in Bitung City. The results of this study found that the institution is still at low level, level 1 with 0,63 maturity level in governance planning of ICT system.


Recently, triggered low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) have been observed during the passage of surface waves from teleseismic earthquakes. The occurrence of the triggered LFE depends on the maximum amplitude of surface wave and its propagation direction (Chao et al., 2011). The triggered LFEs are observed around various places in Japan (Chao et al., 2016), but it has not observed in Ryukyu Trench yet. We investigated the LFEs in the Ryukyu arc by the teleseismic earthquake. First we picked several teleseismic events witch were Mw>7.5 and >1000km away from Naha. By using F-net data from NIED and short-period seismometers by JMA, we bandpass filtered them at the frequency range 2-8 Hz for horizontal components and 0.02-0.05 Hz for horizontal and vertical components, for the waveforms produced of teleseismic earthquake. Then, we detected the triggered LFEs manually comparing low frequency waveforms (for surface waves) with high frequency ones. Then we compared relation between triggered LFEs and surface wave amplitudes, durations, and wave intrusion directions of teleseismic earthquake. Among 56 teleseismic events, we could observe 18-37 LFEs. Also, LFEs were induced when least 0.1 cm/s of maximum amplitudes intruded. The wave propagation direction might not affect on the occurrence of LFEs; however, the durations of surface waves possibly conditioned to induce LFEs. We determined the triggered LFEs of three teleseismic earthquakes (Sumatra 2004, Nias 2005, and Sumatra 2012) by using the time differences of S-waves arrival times at each station. The time differences were computed using the Envelope Correlation Method (Obara, 2002), and hypocenter locations were determined by grid-search method (Chao et al., 2013). Thus, some clusters of the LFE hypocenters are distributed at the Trench side and Okinawa Trough side. This suggests that the LFEs were triggered in the subducted plate and backarc area including volcanic zone.


Blockchain and its practical realization as cryptocurrency in particular, is the subject of serious discussions both in the world of computer technology and in the financial industry. People who have been able to access the basic aspects of blockchain networking principles are quite quick to conclude that the origin and subsequent development of this technology could significantly change the picture of the modern world. A document created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 what's more, the Bitcoin project was the first practical implementation, based on blockchain technology, which turned out to be unnoticed by the world at that time. However, during this period, there were still people who paid their attention to it, it was also because they had a professional interest. However after some time when the society noticed how fast the price of one Bitcoin was rising and reached thousands of dollars they realized that it was not funny and on the contrary had a great future1 . The real representation of interest in blockchain projects started in the first half of 20162 From this period Georgia joins this project and the Public Registry is one of the first to start the land registration through blockchain3 .


Gangue,fly ash and slag are used in the place of cement partially to make the compound concrete of C50.The influences of the mixture on the mechanical properties and the performance of anti-permeability of concrete are analyzed.Orthogonal experiment is combined with microcosmic to study anti-permeability of the compound.It is shown through the research that anti-permeability of the compound concrete is enhanced when the proportion of gangue is less than 10 percent.


Spring soil nitrate and ammonium dynamics in south coastal British Columbia soils were examined with respect to the potential to develop a soil nitrate test for silage corn (Zea mays, L.). Soil nitrate and ammonium contents were measured to 90 cm depth in two soils from April to July of two growing seasons. Treatments included a control, spring application of either 300 or 600 kg total N ha−1 as liquid dairy manure, or 200 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer. Significant amounts of ammonium were present until late May following manure and until mid-June following fertilizer application, requiring simultaneous determination of both nitrate and ammonium concentrations to assess soil inorganic N contents during this period. Most of the changes in soil nitrate over time occurred in the top 30 cm, suggesting that sampling to 30 cm depth would be sufficient in most cases for a soil nitrate test in this region. Most of the increase in soil inorganic N associated with the spring application of manure occurred by 1 ...


Dry eye (DED) is a prevalent disease with immune-mediated inflammation as the principal pathophysiological etiology. Olive pomace, the major by-product of the olive oil industry, is rich in high-value polyphenols. Their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities were determined on human CD4+ T cells (hTCD4+) and in a DED animal model. The viability of hTCD4+ cells isolated from peripheral blood and activated with phytohemagglutinin-M was evaluated after treatment for 48 h with an olive pomace extract (OPT3, 0.10–0.40 mg/mL) and its major compound, hydroxytyrosol (25–100 μM). Regarding the DED animal model, 100 μM hydroxytyrosol, 0.20 mg/mL OPT3, or vehicle (borate buffer) were topically administered to 14 days-desiccating stress-exposed (constant airflow/scopolamine administration) C57BL/6 mice. Tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), CD4+, and CD8+ T cell count in lymph nodes (flow cytometry), and IP-10 and TNF-α gene expression (qRT-PCR) in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands were evaluated. OPT3 (0.2–0.4 mg/mL) and hydroxytyrosol (100 μM) significantly reduced hTCD4+ proliferation. In mice, both treatments reduced lacrimal gland IP-10 gene expression. OPT3 also decreased CFS, and conjunctival IP-10 and corneal TNF-α gene expression. In lymph nodes, hydroxytyrosol reduced CD3+, OPT3, and CD8+ count. Thus, a high-value application as a promising DED protection was proposed for olive pomace.


Augmented Reality Audio (ARA) is mostly employed in terms of adding virtual sound source into an existing auditory scene. Common goal of such system is to preserve the highest level of fidelity and natural character of both real and virtual components. This paper introduces another approach to the ARA systems based on intentional modification of the native parameters of both the real and the virtual auditory segments. The system employs binaural microphone-equipped earphones used as microphone-hearthrough device, which are able to capture and immediately reproduce the auditory scene. A processing unit is included in the microphone-earphone signal path. The unit enables to apply various audio effects to both the captured and the virtual sound allowing warped perception of the auditory reality. The real-time processing algorithms were implemented in Pure Data environment. The proposed system provides immersive audio performance and has potential to be used in specific virtual reality applications, such as simulation of reality perception by people with mental disorders.


Phytoremediation  is a promising elective technique to treat modern effluents, predominantly in light of its minimal effort and high metal restricting limit. In this work, Zinc and Chromium Phytoremediation  process by Sargassum sp. ocean growth biomass was examined . The work considered the assurance boundaries of Zinc and Chromium sorption for example, pH, temperature, unsettling rate and biomass size. The ideal conditions were: pH3, temperature (303k) room temperature, biomass size 0.5mm and fomentation speed 150rpm. The greatest take-up of Chromium and Zinc is 65% and 53% separately. The motor examination uncovered that the adsorption of Chromium and zinc by Sargassum sp . fitted the Langmuir isotherm.


Telomerase is a cellular reverse transcriptase which synthesizes telomeric DNA (TTAGGG), this adds the telomeric DNA de novo to the ends of chromosomes.1) In mammals telomerase activity has been generally detected in the cells of renewing tissues, such as germ-line tissues or cancer cells, but not in normal somatic cells. 2) In fish high telomerase activity was detected in several normal organs of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss3) and the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus4). We also found that the activity of the rainbow trout embryo is 19.3 to 50.7 fold higher than that of HeLa cells 5). However, in fish species little is known about cell types expressing telomerase in each organ. In order to identify the cell types expressing telomerase we examined the telomerase activity in normal cells isolated from the kidney of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou.


Data from a survey of registered social workers in Michigan indicate inequities in the delivery of social services. Providers serving non-whites tend to spend less time providing casework services and more time on providing welfare services than do providers serving whites. These interracial differences may be explained by income or employment auspice. The major racial inequity is apparent when providers serving primarily non-white clients are analyzed. White providers serving non-whites spend more time on welfare activities and less on casework services than do non-white providers serving non-whites. These differences cannot be explained by income or the providers' education and experience. Such patterns of delivery raise issues for the profession and have implications for manpower needs, usage, and training. Research aimed at evaluating the consequences of these differences and programs to eliminate inequities should be of the highest priority. Social workers and social service agencies provide a wide array of services. They are involved in helping the have-nots and disadvantaged groups of society, including low status minority groups (Turner, 1971:1068). Examining the gamut of social welfare services provided to the general population may obscure differences in the distribution and delivery of services to specific groups. The questions of who gets what services and who provides these services are important to examine especially in terms of race, for racial discrimination has been a prominant part of American society. Race is important for it "exerts a pervasive and powerful influence on the delivery of professional services" (Cohen, 1973:90). There are several issues therefore that speak to the importance of race on service delivery and its accompanying impacts. One consideration is whether white and non-white clients are receiving similar types of services. Another is whether white and non-white 1 providers are providing similar types of services. These two issues lead to a third issue of whether clients and providers should be matched by race. There is little literature or data that illustrate these patterns of social work services. As a group, social work clients are primarily low income. It is reasonable to assume that there is a need for concrete services, and low socioeconomic status has been related to psychiatric problems (Cole & Pilisuk, 1976:510). This research was supported by a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.


On May 23, 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada is scheduled to hear the appeal in R v Fearon. Fearon raises the questions of whether, and under what circumstances, police may conduct warrantless searches of digital devices seized under their common law power to search incident to arrest.


The experimental results of a deuterium bubble chamber photoproduction study of half a million pictures at 5.5 GeV are presented. This experiment has been performed using a monoenergetic and linearly polarized photon beam facility at SLAC. At 5.5 GeV the beam polarization is greater than 90%, and the average FWHM of the beam energy spectrum is 0.6 GeV. The reaction ..gamma..d ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/d has been studied in detail. A clear sample of ..gamma..d ..-->.. rho/sup 0/d channel was obtained and from the rho/sup 0/ decay distribution in terms of an extended density matrix which includes correlation with the beam polarization, nine independent density matrix parameters were determined. The study of rho/sup 0/ production and decay in the reaction channel ..gamma..d ..-->.. rho/sup 0/d was found to proceed almost completely through natural parity exchanges; the contribution from unnatural parity exchanges being only (5.3 +- 4.5)% for momentum transfer absolute value t less than or equal to 0.25 GeV/sup 2/. For the rho/sup 0/ mass and width, the values (766 +- 5) and (139 +- 11) MeV, respectively were obtained. The rho/sup 0/ production cross section in this channel has been determined to be (9.1 +- 0.8) ..mu..b.


The interaction between citizen and state in disasters is the most intensive,serious and uncertain.Compared to the western diverse citizen participation,factors that can affect Chinese citizen participation in disasters include the sincerity,efficiency and arrival rate of government's response except for relief culture,unclear citizen positioning and strong government.No doubt that disasters can help to build a bridge of citizen and state as well as cause natural,social and cultural change,if each citizen can participate in disasters rationally and governments can make positive,highly efficient and professional responses.


Ensuring the availability of quality and affordable health care for all citizens is a primary goal of every government. However, how they do it differs from country to country, but the bottom line is that many countries especially developing ones have challenges in providing accessible quality health care to all their citizens. Among the numerous approaches to providing health care to all, universal health care is the newest 'kid in the block' approach. Kenya has made numerous attempts to provide free or affordable health care to citizens but has encountered numerous challenges in the process. The approach has been mainly through health care reforms such as universal or categorical free health care or the introduction of health insurance and the expansion of its coverage. In Kenya, health care had been free since independence. Achieving quality health care requires concerted efforts aimed at diversifying and strengthening financing mechanisms and schemes as well as eliminating inefficiencies in health care. Moreover, there is a need to boost economic growth so as to raise GDP and income per capita which will go a long in improving the affordability of health care. This review article has looked at various mechanisms and challenges of financing health care in developing countries, with a particular focus on Kenya, in order to achieve universal health care. Nonetheless, there is a need for further research and comparative analysis on the cost-effectiveness of various financing mechanisms for health care in different countries. This is vital considering that health care is a right to all people.


1. Kluger N. Tattoo-associated uveitis with or without systemic sarcoidosis: a comparative review of the literature. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018; 32: 1852–61. 2. Mansour AM, Chan CC. Recurrent uveitis preceded by swelling of skin tattoos. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1991; 111: 515–6. 3. Reddy AK, Shildkrot Y, Newman SA et al. T-lymphocyte predominance and cellular atypia in tattoo-associated uveitis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015; 133: 1356–7. 4. Rorsman H, Brehmer-Andersson E, Dahlquist I et al. Tattoo granuloma and uveitis. Lancet 1969; 294: 27–8. 5. Anolik R, Mandal R, Andrew GF Jr. Sarcoidal tattoo granuloma. Dermatol. Online J. 2010; 16: 19.


A significant limitation of conventional seismic reflection technology is that it poorly constrains seismic velocities in the deep part of the section. These velocities are needed for seismic migration, to convert from time to depth, and to estimate the likely rock composition at depth. Seismic observations at large offsets can compensate for this limitation. The Australian Geological Survey Organisation recorded high-quality refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic data using ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) along 5 profiles on Australia's North West Shelf, to maximum offsets of 300 km. The OBS transects coincide with previously acquired deep-crustal seismic-reflection profiles. Consequently, velocity information can now be derived from two independent data sets: common-depth point (near-vertical) reflection data and refraction/wide-angle reflection data. Residual (difference between these two velocity data sets) velocity images can be produced and analysed. Even within the top 5 km of the section residuals between the OBS- and CDP-derived interval velocities vary from -0.5 to +3.5 km/s and increase further with depth. Consequently, the depth equivalent of 4 s two-way time will vary by up to 1.2 km or 10%. The practical implications of co-processing of seismic velocity information are: improved seismic velocity estimation, more accurate depth migration and depth conversion of seismic data and less distortion of amplitudes and shapes of geological structures after depth conversion.


Abstract : A Green's function approach is used to determine the conditions under which it is possible to generate second harmonics of Lamb waves on solid plates and to have two Lamb waves interact to produce a third phonon (another Lamb mode). (Author)


We use a laboratory experiment to study how mutual payoff information affects play in strategic settings. Subjects play the Prisoner's Dilemma or Stag Hunt game against randomly re-matched opponents under two information treatments. In our partial-information treatment subjects are shown only their own payoffs, while in our full-information treatment they are shown both their own and their opponent's payoffs. In both treatments, they receive feedback on their opponent's action after each round. We find that mutual payoff information has a substantial effect on the equilibrium reached in the Stag Hunt and convergence in both games. Using a belief-learning model and simulations of play, we provide evidence that this effect is driven not only by initial play but also by the way subjects learn. We propose that strategic uncertainty is a probable channel driving these effects.


Establishing a human colony on a planetary body different from the terrestrial one will entail combining those factors that can favour the good development of life in that place. However, which of these possible parameters are essential to the creation of a shelter for a long stay?


The SDS polyacrylamide gel eleetrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) was used to detect the gliadin genetic diversity of 25 soybean varieties in Heilongjiang province,and the results were as follows: 1) A total of 19 bands were detected in 25 cultivars,the polymorphic bands were 12,amount to 63.16%,among α,β,γ and e zones,there were 3,5,5 and 6 bands,respectively.The Nei's genetic similarity coefficient of the tested cultivars ranged from 0.4737 to 0.9474,and the average GS was 0.7105;the genetic distances of the tested cultivars ranged from 0.0541 to 0.7472,the average GD was 0.3654,these results suggested that there was a rich genetic polymorphism of gliadin among the cultivars.2) According to the cluster analysis,the tested cultivars could be classified into 4 groups at the level GS 0.79,and principal component analysis verified the results further.Thus,gliadin clusters markers could efficiently classify the soybean varieties,and laid the foundation for soybean variety identification and the utilize of germplasm resources.


THE FOUR REPORTS PRESENTED AT THE 21ST U.T.P.U.R. GENERAL MEETING ARE AS FOLLOWS: INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC ON URBAN TRANSPORT, HERAIL; TRAFFIC LANES RESERVED FOR BUSES: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, SCHMELTZ; COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN A FIRM, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE FIRM, GRIGNON AND GALLI; ROLE, SELECTION, ESTABLISHMENT OF AND IMPROVEMENT IN THE OPERATION OF AN URBAN NETWORK, COUET.


The hole forming device is an important element of the buckwheat hill-drop planter, and its design level directly affects the seeding quality of the hill-drop planter. A hole forming device with a duckbill structure is widely used in hill-drop planters for wheat, cotton, peanuts, etc. According to the requirements of buckwheat seeding operations, this study designs the components of the duckbill hole forming device. It is determined that the duckbill upper jaw length is 65 mm, the duckbills number is 10, the pressure plate on the spring side length is 90 mm, the duckbill opening size is 8.79 mm, and the duckbill effective opening time is 0.1 s. Through co-simulation analysis of discrete element software EDEM (DEM-Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom) and multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn (FunctionBay, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea), it is measured that when the pressure plate on the spring side is directly below the rotation axis of the dibber wheel, the spring compression is 33.3 mm, the pressure on the pressure plate is 95–102.6 N, and the contact time of a single duckbill with the soil is 0.2 s at a speed of 40 r/min. Based on the results of the design and simulation analysis, the large end diameter, small end diameter, original length and wire diameter of the duckbill spring are 36 mm, 26 mm, 60 mm, and 1.8 mm, respectively. An experimental bench for the seeding wheel of a buckwheat hill-drop planter was built, and three wire diameter duckbill springs of 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm and 2.0 mm were tested to verify the simulation and calculation results. The experimental results show that the optimal wire diameter of the duckbill spring is 1.8 mm. Finally, a single factor experiment of the dibber wheel rotation speed was carried out. The experimental results show that when the rotation speed of the dibber wheel is 40–65 r/min, the seeding qualification rate, seeding void hole rate and seeding damage rate of the buckwheat hill-drop planter are ≥85.3%, 0, and <0.3%, respectively. This study provides a basis and reference for the hole forming device design of a buckwheat hill-drop planter.


ITHIN THE LAST few years there has been a strong trend towards increasing use of materials other than leather for shoe uppers. In the long term this is an inevitable tendency, since the growth in the cattle population of the world is not as fast as the increase in world shoe production. Thus periodically leather is in short supply and therefore expensive. This encourages suppliers (of competing materials) to devise new materials, to increase their output, and to step up their sales effort. As with any new material, faults and deficiencies become apparent in the early stages of use, and it is the job of the research institutes to lay down standards of performance to minimize the risk of unsatisfactory materials being used. This entails a considerable amount of work in the laboratory, in field trials, and in observation and monitoring of failures in shoes in actual full-scale production.