SEC Rule 10b-5 covers a great deal of stock market insider trading and tipping, but certainly not all. For insider trading defendants, some elements of criminal liability may be different and possibly easier to satisfy under mail/wire fraud than under SEC Rule 10b-5 (e.g., materiality, and the requirements for tipper and tippee liability recently tightened for Rule 10b-5 by the Second Circuit). Generally, courts have not addressed these possible differences. With insider trading and tipping, the victim of mail/wire fraud could be either the information-owner or the party on the other side of the transaction. The courts have not examined the latter victim and the possibility that such mail/wire fraud liability might be broader than under the Rule 10b-5 "classical relationship." Another unexplored question is whether an employee of a company engaging in an insider trade of its stock could be criminally liable under two different mail/wire fraud theories with two separate mail/wire fraud victims: the company/information-owner and the party on the other side of the transaction.


A cutting tool has an internal cutting tool fluid delivery system. The cutting tool has a tool body and a fluid delivery head coupled thereto by a solid coupling member with a continuous male thread. The tool body includes a body coupling bore and the head includes a head coupling bore which communicates with the body coupling bore. At least one of the body and head coupling bores includes a circumferentially interrupted female thread which has a longitudinal thread axis and a radial outer thread boundary. The or each coupling bore having the female thread includes a thread passage which extends along the thread axis. In an axial cross section of the female thread, the thread passage extends both inside and outside the radial outer thread boundary.


Currently available GMPLS extensions for multi-region networks do not efficiently advertise information about internal node switching capabilities. In this paper we propose a novel OSPF extension called node adaptation capability descriptor (NACD) and a novel provisioning policy which exploits the information flooded by NACD. Results show that the proposed NACD-aware policy determines a significant reduction of the overall label switched path (LSP) blocking probability.


The objective of this paper is to take a fresh look at the Supreme Court cases that bear on church property disputes, both those involving property ownership directly and those involving the right of a congregation or a larger geographically defined body such as a diocese to disaffiliate from a denominational body. The paper advances the argument that the commonly held view under which First Amendment principles leave courts with a choice, in cases involving hierarchical churches, either to apply neutral principles of law or instead to defer to the highest church authority is based on misreading of prior cases and is oversimplified to the point of being erroneous. Neutral principles of law are the hallmark of First Amendment jurisprudence applicable to these disputes, and should be applied to the exclusion of other approaches. The paper also discusses the relevance of the freedom of association, particularly in the context of the right to disaffiliate from a denomination. The importance to neutral principles analysis of distinguishing an organization's internal affairs from relationships not internal to it is emphasized, as is the importance of respecting the separate identities of separately constituted organizations. Finally, the implications of two cases not involving church property, Employment Division v. Smith and Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC, are considered.


In this paper, a preliminary review of the dielectric measurement methods as a function of both frequency and temperature is presented. In particular, the two most popular approaches for heating the samples up to ablative temperatures (i.e., water bath and antenna applicator) and two dielectric measurement setups (i.e. open-ended coaxial probe and resonant cavity) are analysed and compared, highlighting the pros and cons of each approach.


A new ceramic probe has been developed for measuring the thermal conductivity of an electrically conductive liquid by using the transient hot wire method. A wire was fabricated on a 10‐mm‐thick alumina substrate using a co‐firing technique. To avoid leakage of the current to the liquid, the metallized wire was insulated with a 60‐μm‐thick alumina layer. Also developed for this probe is a method of compensating for the measurement error caused by increases in the resistance of metallized electrodes. The thermal conductivity of mercury was measured with this probe at temperatures of 300–382 K.


This paper presents numerical simulations of the unsteady flow interactions between the main annulus and the disc cavity for an axial turbine. The simulations show the influence of the main annulus asymmetries (vane wakes, blade potential effect), and the appearance of rim seal flow instabilities. The generation of secondary frequencies due to non-linear interactions is observed, and the possibility of further low frequency effects and resonance is noted. The computations are compared to experimental results, looking at tracer gas concentration and mass-flows. Results are further analysed to investigate the influence of the rim seal flow on the blading aerodynamics. The flow that is ejected through the rim seal influences the unsteady flow impinging the blades. The influence of this rim-seal flow is even observed downstream of the blades, where it distorts the radial profile of stagnation temperature. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.


Critical thinking and knowledge construction have become essential competencies for people in the new information age. In this study, we designed an interactive learning environment involving three forms of interaction: individual reflections, group collaboration and, class discussions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the three forms of interaction promoted students' critical thinking and knowledge construction. Seventeen students at National Institute of Education of Singapore participated in this study. Their reflections and discussions were analyzed by following a content analysis approach. Results showed that writing reflections had potential to promote critical thinking but, not all students thought critically. Knowledge construction in groups and in class discussions happened at lower levels. This paper presents the conceptual framework, design specifications and evaluation results of the ILE. Implications of the results are discussed.


Intrauterine pressure (IP) was monitored with recording balloons in 9 nonpregnant guinea-pigs either during estrus (3) as detected by vaginal opening or during the diestrum (6) to determine whether mechanical activity varied during the estrus cycle. IP recordings were made in either the gravid horn of bilaterally pregnant (9) or the sterile horn of unilaterally pregnant animals (21). The mechanical activity of the uterus in nonpregnant guinea-pigs was characterized by regular bursts of pressure cycles of a corrected mean amplitude of 10 mm mercury and a maximum of 20 mm mercury. These bursts were separated by quiescent periods varying in duration from 4-30 minutes. The mean amplitude and maximum amplitude were greater in diestrous than in estrous animals (p less than .025 and p less than .001). The difference in frequency was not statistically significant. Activity during pregnancy was reduced compared with nonpregnant levels and this reduction was accomplished by a lowered frequency of pressure cycles while their amplitude remained unchanged. During the midgestational period (28-46 days) activity in the sterile horn was significantly less than the nonpregnant levels (p less than .01) but greater than levels of gravid horns (p less than .005). Both sterile and gravid horns responded to 25 mU oxytocin at all stages of pregnancy with changes significant only in the sterile horn during the last 1/3 of pregnancy (p less than .001). It is suggested that progesterone may not be a myometrial regulatory agent in the guinea-pig.


The past decade has seen considerable growth and development available to traffic engineers and planners. For traffic assignment and network evaluation, two trends have dominated. First, large mainframe-based programs have been developed and enhanced for more flexible or more accurate simulation of traffic operations. Second, microcomputer-based software has been developed by consultants, local and state agencies, and universities for planning and design applications. This paper presents possible approaches to resolving two recurring problems in practical application of microcomputer techniques: inaccurate assignments on local streets, and overassignment on congested facilities. While the ideas may also be of interest to developers and users of mainframe-based systems, they are intended for practitioners developing or working with existing microcomputer techniques under budget restraints.


Either microbial or enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (MICP or EICP) has emerged to be alternative to cement-based ground improvement methods. For EICP, either plant urease or bacterial enzyme can be used. The effect of treatments can be different when different methods are adopted. In this study, the soil improvement effects among the three methods were compared. The newly developed one-phase-low-pH method was adopted for both the MICP and EICP processes in this study. The crude urease enzyme was extracted from soybean and urease producing bacteria. The results show that the amount of calcium carbonate induced by the crude soybean urease enzyme is comparable to that produced by bacteria or bacterial urease under the same urease activity. However, the treatment using the crude soybean urease enzyme has the advantage of being more effective in enhancing the strength and reducing the permeability of soil than the other two treatments, especially for the soil with small grain sizes. This can be explained by the difference in the precipitation pattern of calcium carbonate using various urea hydrolysis media.


Thermodynamics of irreversible processes is applied to a systematic treatment of transfer processes in isothermal liquid solutions of binary strong electrolytes. The maximuiri number of independent phenomenological coefficients (six) has been related to measurable quantities. Thus all possible cross effects are described. The frame of reference chosen does not lead to any linear dependence of the flows. Several relations between measurable quantities are derived. A proposition for determining the solvation numbers is given. Viscosity was not taken into account.


In this paper the performance of an integrated rock bed solar storage system was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The storage system used is a flat plate air heater connected in series to an integrated packed collector bed. The parameters investigated were the air temperatures at the inlet and exit of both the flat plate heater and the integrated bed, in addition the hourly heat stored within the bed was also estimated. It was found that the performance of such a system is a very promising one, further the agreement between experimental and theoretical data was found to be a rather good one.


Excerpt The clinical syndrome of carotid artery occlusion with resultant cerebral vascular insufficiency is well recognized, having been emphasized as long ago as 1914 by Hunt1and more recently rev...


In the recent past, two major policy interventions have been made to resettle and rehabilitated persons displaced as a result of acquisition of land for development projects. While the Government of Orrissa brought out its policy in 2006, the Central Government notified a new policy in 2007. Both policies suffer from serious deficits and fail to meet the aspirations of the agitating peasantry and the norms advocated by the civil society groups. This paper highlights these deficits and suggest measures which can bridge them.


Optimal pricing delivers not only a self-funding infrastructure but also the additional revenues to reduce economically damaging taxes on capital, labour and final consumption. For the transport sector, this result has now been established by a concerted international research effort. Optimising prices across all modes of transport will ensure the efficient use of existing infrastructure, provide the informational base to optimise investment decisions and generate revenues in excess of both current infrastructure costs and the costs of justified investments.


There is considerable research on work satisfaction and stress of care staff on
 the one hand and on quality of care and well-being of older people on the other.
 However, very little research in continuing-care settings for older people (nursing
 homes, residential homes and long-stay wards) links perceptions of workers (work
 satisfaction and stress) with the process of care (quality of care) and outcomes
 for residents/patients (well-being). This is a notable omission, given the emphasis
 of government policy on improving quality of health and social care services for
 vulnerable elderly people in the UK. The White Papers, The New NHS and Modernising
 Social Services and the National Priority Guidance for Health and Social Services
 for 2000–2003, all emphasize the importance of services that are responsive
 to local needs and which maintain and promote independence. The Centre for Policy
 on Ageing has been commissioned by the Department of Health to develop national standards
 for nursing and residential home care services for older people. This work will
 build upon recommendations of the Burgner Report and Achieving a Better Home Life, which identified areas for benchmarking. The national standards proposed under the
 forthcoming National Service Framework for Older People will underpin new legislation
 to regulate care services.


Letter from Mathis [Fullman?] to A. H. and J. E. Pierce regarding bulls and stags. Shows format 14 with enclosed side vignette and open curved lettering. Vignette shows a bull enclosed by a leafy wreath with small shields in it containing state names. Lettering surrounded by ornamental shading and decoration.


I. Introduction 1. Characteristics of Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders, Brenda Smith Myles, Amy Bixler Coffin, Donna J. Owens, & Courtney Yantes 2. Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Family, Lauren Pepa & Sandra L. Harris II. Transitioning from Adolescence to Adulthood 3. Effective Secondary Education and Transition for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Michael L. Wehmeyer & Dianne Zager 4. Postsecondary Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jane Thierfeld Brown, Lorraine E. Wolf, & Christine Wenzel III. Instructional and Behavioral Interventions to Promote Quality of Life 5. Behavioral Interventions for Complex Communication and Social Skills in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Angelica Aguirre, John O'Neill, Ruth Anne Rehfeldt, & Valerie Boyer 6. Teaching Functional Communication to Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Russell Lang, Jeff Sigafoos, Larah van der Meer, Amarie Carnett, Vanessa A. Green, Giulio E. Lancioni, & Mark F. O'Reilly 7. Positive Behavior Support for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Matt Tincani & Shannon Crozier 8. Skill-Building Interventions for Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Peter F. Gerhardt, Maria Fernanda Garcia, & Anthony Foglia 9. Sexuality and Relationships for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jason C. Travers & Peggy Schaeffer Whitby 10. Toward a Balanced Leisure Lifestyle for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Phyllis Coyne & Ann Fullerton IV. Employment, Independence, Aging, and Policy 11. Meaningful Employment for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Paul Wehman, Pamela Sherron Targett, Carol Schall, & Staci Carr 12. Facilitating Successful Independent Living Skills for Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders, Brenda Smith Myles, Daniel Steere, Cathy Pratt, Ruth Aspy, Barry G. Grossman, & Shawn A. Henry 13. Aging, Estate Planning, and Funding Services for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Carol Markowitz 14. Legal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Beverly L. Frantz & David W. Zellis


Incestuous behavior, when viewed from a behavioral systems perspective, is most often perceived as a self-reinforcing, addicting, and escalating behavior. Underlying incestuous behavior are patterns that are dictated by the perpetrator's object-relations fixation or regression. These regressed or fixed object-relations strivings comprise major themes or scenarios that precipitate, escalate, and sustain the incestuous behavior. The author describes seven major themes or scenarios that stimulate the perpetrator's sexual expression of dysfunctional object-relations stirrings.


Ultracapacitors are energy storage devices that have shown outstanding capability in a vast spectrum of applications, mainly in energy storage systems required to deliver short bursts of electrical energy. Ultracapacitors possess high power density while batteries possess high energy density. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage device comprising a lithium-ion ultracapacitor module and a lead acid battery was modeled, built, and tested for vehicular start–stop application, which requires a much larger number of engine cranking events than conventional vehicles. The combination of a lead acid battery with Li-ion ultracapacitors was chosen due to the fact that the vast majority of vehicles utilize lead acid batteries to crank the internal combustion engine. This allows retrofitting this hybrid setup in conventional vehicles along with the start–stop feature without inflicting damage to the already installed lead acid battery. The start–stop feature puts high stress on the lead acid battery, contributing to its faster aging. This feature is commonly found in hybrid vehicles to save the unnecessarily burned fuel during idling. This paper discusses aging of the lead acid battery as a result of being used in hybrid vehicles equipped with start–stop when used alone versus when used in the hybrid setup. The paper shows cranking tests performed on a number of cars to obtain voltage, current, power, and energy requirements for combustion engine cranking. Mathematical derivation, analysis, and an energy storage age estimation method are also presented. A set of cranking events followed by capacity checks performed on two automobile energy storage systems, one being a lead acid battery alone and the other being the proposed hybrid module, show the advantage of integrating the ultracapacitor module with the lead acid battery to extend its life span almost fivefold in a hybrid automobile.


SUMMARY
Flower initiation and development in a local population of Poa nemoralis L. were studied in controlled and natural environments at As, Norway, 59° 40′ N. At temperatures ranging from 6 to 21 °C flowering occurred in long days (LD) only. At 12 h photoperiod the plants remained vegetative for at least 145 d. The critical photoperiod for floral initiation was about 14 h at IS and 21°C, slightly longer at 9 °C. A minimum of two LD cycles was required for floral induction at 15 °C when flower development took place in 12 h photoperiod, while more than four LD cycles were required for flower development in 8 h photoperiod. Viviparous proliferation of inflorescences resulted from marginal LD induction and subsequent flower development in short days (SD). The observed critical photoperiods agreed well with the time of floral initiation in the field, the critical photoperiod being reached as soon as growth is initiated in the spring. It is concluded that P. nemoralis is an obligatory long day plant with no SD or low temperature vernalization requirement.


Machine-type communication plays a critical role in the reliable operation of smart grid. To overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity, the massive number of machine-type devices (MTDs) are allowed to reuse the spectrum resource allocated to the cellular users (CUs) opportunistically. However, the complicated interference caused by channel reusing and the energy efficiency issues pose new challenges on resource allocation. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy efficiency maximization for MTDs via jointly optimizing channel selection and power control. At first, each MTD is temporally allocated with a predefined transmission power. Next, the channel selection optimization problem is solved by matching with externalities to derive the matching relationship between MTDs and resource blocks (RBs). And the power control optimization problem is solved by the nonlinear fractional programming algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other two heuristic algorithms distinctly.


The preservation of trophic structure and climatic information in Kent's Cavern Upper Pleistocene mammal bones and teeth was assessed by comparing the isotopic composition of modern and fossil equivalents. Yields of collagen from both bone (N=19) and tooth (N=49) were extremely variable, with values relative to modern bone ranging from 0% to 100%. No evidence of preferential preservation of tooth collagen was detected. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic differences in the herbivore versus carnivore collagen from Kent's Cavern fauna were consistent with those observed in modern faunas. Moreover, an enrichment of 0·4-1·7‰ in15N was observed in tooth collagen of both deer and hyena as compared to bone collagen. This enrichment presumably reflects a trophic shift from the consumption of milk during infancy. Herbivores and carnivores had distinct differences in the carbon isotopic composition of enamel carbonate hydroxylapatite, similar to those measured in modern specimens from similar climatic environments. The spacing between the Δ13C values (difference between isotopic composition in collagen and carbonate hydroxylapatite) of Kent's Cavern herbivores and carnivores is similar to that measured in modern mammals from a single locality. The preservation of primary oxygen isotopic composition of enamel carbonate hydroxylapatite was more difficult to assess, however. Oxygen isotopic compositions of Kent's Cavern enamel are systematically lower than those of contemporaneous faunas from Southern France, which is consistent with a latitudinal effect on rainfall oxygen isotopic compositions. Although the Kent's Cavern specimens have been subjected to extensive diagenetic alteration, the biological isotopic signals seem to have utility for paleoecological reconstructions.


Male and female mice treated with a dose of antabuse (120 mg/kg, p.o.) 2—12 hours beforehand slept longer than control animals after an injection of pentobarbital. Similar but less pronounced effects were observed in rats. The initial prolongation of pentobarbital sleeping time was not followed by a late shortening of the duration of the hypnotic action as had been shown in the case of SKF-525A. The whole-body levels of pentobarbital in antabuse-treated mice were significantly higher than those in the untreated control animals 1 hour after pentobarbital administration. This suggests that the rate of biotransformation of pentobarbital was lowered by antabuse administration. On the other hand, at the time of recovery from narcosis, the whole-body levels of pentobarbital in mice pretreated wikh antabuse were not significantly different from those in control animals. The fact that neither the ED-50 of pentobarbital action, nor the diethylbarbital (a drug not metabolized in vivo) sleeping time was changed by antabuse administration offers further evidence against a central action of antabuse. The effects of antabuse on the rate of biotransformation of pentobarbital, chlorpromazine and p-nitrobenzoic acid were also studied using rat liver slices. The concentration of antabuse that produced 50 por cent inhibition of pentobarbital metabolism was found to be 6.9×10~(-5) M. Only a slight inhibition of chlorpromazine metabolism was observed while no inhibition of p-nitrobenzoic acid biotransformation was obtained when antabuse was added up to a concentration of 2×10~(-4)M. The inhibitory effect of antabuse on pentobarbital metabolism was not antagonized by glutathione, cysteine or ascorbic acid. Kinetic studies suggest that the inhibition was competitive in nature. When an oral does of 120 mg/kg was given to mice 2 hours previously, antabuse was found to decrease the hepatic glycogen content. Practically no change of liver ascorbic acid level was observed 2—72 hours after antabuse administration.


OBJECTIVE
To determine points of radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves and to choose an effective temperature at which the conduction of painful impulse can be blocked.

METHODS
The posterior rami of the lumbar nerves were dissected in 15 corpses of adults. The ultrastructure of nerve fibres, changes of sensary conduction velocity (SCV) and the waveform of the unmedullated fibres which conduct painful impulse (c wave) were observed after the sciatic nerves of rabbits were coagulated at various temperatures (60 degrees C, 70 degrees C, 80 degrees C, 90 degrees C).

RESULTS
"Transverse Process Root Area" and "Transverse Process Point" can be regarded as primary marks of thermocoagulation of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves. Stimulation of square-wave can make the location more accurate. While the temperature of thermocoagulation reached 80 degrees C, none of painful afferent nerve fibres survived.

CONCLUSIONS
With accurate location and good control of temperature, radiofrequency thermocoagulation will be an effective therapy for the patients suffering from pain resulted from pathological changes of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves.


The poetics of traveling poets are analyzed with the help of evidence from Greece (6thc BCE to 6th c CE), West Africa, and Ireland. A detailed explication of Aristophanes Birds 904-957 is used to explore further the tropes used by bards and rules of interaction with poeti vaganti. The Lives of Homer tradition is shown to match up with descriptions of cognate poetic performances (Greek and other) in this regard.


Preamble: The 20th Century Stage for American Leadership INTRODUCTION: The Need for an Economic Policy America's Condition The Meaning of Economics Understanding Economics American Democracy is not for Everyone The Country of the Lonely CHAPTER 1: U.S. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Industrial and Technological Policies Factors of Economic Growth Politics and Economy Strategic Management of the Economy Managed Economics of Markets, Services, and Trade The U.S. Standard of Living The Impact of Human Behavior on Economic Systems American Performance and Productivity Capital and Labor Costs U.S. Immigration Energy or Fuel Use America's Economic and Trade Dominance -- Is it real? The U.S. as an Exporter Foreign Trade Imbalance or Outsourcing The U.S.-Asian Dilemma Imposing Our Principles on Others Economic Inequities in the U.S. Job Markets Maintaining the Economic Leadership Securities Markets The American Consumer Wealth and Value Creation CHAPTER 2: AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS The Problem of U.S. Underinvestment Investment in Technology Development Technology as an Economic Driving Force Working in American Industry Interpersonal Relations, Work Place Productivity, and Economic Impact The U.S. Pension Debacle Technology Ownership Management of Technological Changes Management Structures and Incentives U.S. Corporate Pay Worker Morale and Work Ethics Productivity in America Quality Management Quality Control in Purchasing Contradictions of Competitive Bidding and Procurement The Decision Based Industrial Organization (DBO) Institutional Support for Industrial Development America as a Service Economy The Demise of the American Middle Class Inequity in American Society Economics of Disability in America Political Correctness and Organized Labor The Customer and the Cost of Doing Business in America American Economic Prospects The U.S. as a Post-Industrial Society AnEnvironment for Economic Success CHAPTER 3: AMERICAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS Tax Burdens and Economic Incentives Effectiveness and Cost of Government Regulation Government Budget Making and Budgetary Needs Government Spending The National Debt Problem The Entitlement Morass A Welfare System which Discourages Work and Encourages Fraud The Scourge of the Unemployed Unemployment and Unemployment Benefits The Business of Government Government Failure Improving Productivity by Downsizing Welfare, Workfare, and Unemployment The Twentieth Century Revolution in Technology and Social Structure The Most Important Global Problem Discouraging Job Growth Misplaced Agricultural Support Nuclear Waste Peril and Future Economic Costs Impact and Future Role of the Internet Stick Built Housing American Income Distribution Environmental Protection Quagmire The American Worker American Education Law Enforcement Costs Immigration and The Future of America Economic Prospects and Challenges CHAPTER 4: CLAIMS TO WORLD LEADERSHIP The New America America's Business and Financial Leadership America's Identity Crisis Fostering Food Adequacy and Supply American Moral and Spiritual Leadership Financial Management The Making of Leaders American Contradictions and Hypocrisy Sovereignty and Human Rights American Strengths and Weaknesses CHAPTER 5: MANAGING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP Impact of Technological Change Ethnic Integration The War on Terror Deficits and Public Debt America's Leadership in Innovation America's Health Care Leadership The Right to Leadership Democracy in Action Advancing Democracy American Strengths and Weaknesses CHAPTER 6: THE FUTURE OF WORLD LEADERSHIP Challenging American Leadership Growing Asian Dominance Asian Road to Economic Success America's Mistaken Self-perception America's Economic Challenges Impact of Globalization and Outsourcing on Economic Leadership Factors


Background. Des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) is a useful tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present method for measurement of DCP concentration, however, does not have adequate sensitivity to detect small HCCs.


A water distribution system is a collection of hydraulic control elements jointly connected to convey quantities of water from sources to consumers. Such a system can be described as a graph with the nodes representing the sources and consumers, and the arcs—the connecting elements (e.g., pipes, pumps, and valves). Theoretically, the flow in each arc can reach either direction, resulting in 2n possible digraphs, where n equals the number of arcs. However, this number is substantially reduced as Kirchoff's Laws 1 and 2 (continuity of mass and energy, respectively) hold, and as in certain arcs the flow is constrained to only one direction (e.g., the pipe leading out of a well). This study describes a methodology for establishing the most flexible pair: Operational and backup digraphs of a water distribution system that maintains Kirchoff's Laws 1 and 2, and yields (if possible) a one-level system redundancy (i.e., if one arc fails, at least one path from at least one source to all consumers is retained by t...


The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a biological sludge conditioner and application of the conditioner. A preparation method of the biological sludge conditioner comprises the following steps: 1) seed solution is prepared: a strain of bacillus licheniformis P-104 with a preservation number of CGMCC NO.4156 is inoculated to an LB solution seed medium, wherein the strain is preserved in freeze, and the medium is cultured for 8h to 14h; and 2) fermental cultivation: the seed solution in step 1) is inoculated to a fermentation medium, wherein the inoculum volume of 3% to 5% is inoculated to the seed solution; the fermentation medium is cultured for 30h to 36h with the potential of hydrogen (PH) between 5.0 and 9.0 and the revolution per minute between 150 r/min and 200 r/min under the temperature between 30 DEG C and 37 DEG C, and then fermentation broth is collected and the biological sludge conditioner is prepared. The biological sludge conditioner and the application of the conditioner are high in flocculation activity of conditioner and capable of improving dehydration efficiency of sludge greatly, and the dosage of the biological sludge conditioner is significantly lower than that of a traditional conditioner in the process of application. The biological sludge conditioner is metabolite of microorganism, has environmental friendliness and biodegradability, and is free from secondary pollution.


The idea for the topic of this paper was initially made up on and after the introductory lecture that was part of the course Business Communication taught at the Faculty of Economics in Rijeka. The key course assignment, that was intended to be done by a group during the semester, was to create and analyze a questionnaire that will be sent to a certain number of target e-mail addresses. Since the authors were in the lecturer-student position the year before on the course Databases the decision was to create the questionnaire using Microsoft Access database software that is taught on the course Databases. Despite the fact that the questionnaire could not be prepared for the course Business Communication, it was decided that this questionnaire will be the topic of undergraduate thesis for one of the authors. That way authors were truly in the position of mentor and student what enabled them to reconstruct the initial idea so that they can realize it in much thorough and more serious manner. The decision that was made was to create the interactive questionnaire by respecting the set methodology. The complete process of creating this questionnaire will be elaborated further in this paper.


This paper deals with the design of single-input single-output control system for voltage control of a stand-alone self-excited induction generator (SEIG) employing inductively loaded current controlled solid-state lead-lag (ICSL) VAr compensator. The ICSL compensator has wide lead and lag VAr controlling capability, requires few inductive elements and is of low cost. The prime mover for SEIG is considered to be an unregulated hydro-turbine in micro-hydro energy conversion scheme. In the present study, the stress is laid on modelling and simulation of a closed loop control system. The response of the system for a stepped change in the load on the output voltage has been studied.


TFET is proposed as an alternative to Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor. In these devices, tunneling currents are no longer considered as unwanted parasitics. In this work, the device architecture and performance of both n-type and p-type TFETs with a channel length of 30nm are studied. Synopsis® device simulation tool MEDICI® is used to analyze the device performance. According to simulation results, the threshold voltage of n-type TFET and p-type TFET was initially obtained as 1.5V and -2V respectively using constant current method. Then using transconductance change method, two threshold voltages VTG and VTD were extracted from IDS-VGS and IDS-VDS graphs respectively. An excellent ON/OFF performance was also observed in simulation results.


One of the critical challenges facing the carriers today is to increase the revenue of services. As the expansion of deployment of packet based bearer networks in the MAN, network resilience becomes a significant contributor to revenue and profit. In this paper, we propose a revenue-based quality of protection (QoP) for capacity design model to provide various protection classes in the multiple services ring (MSR) networks. Based on this model, this paper provides an Enhanced Greedy Algorithm (EGA) to solve revenue-based bandwidth allocation (RBA) problems. All experimental results on the test bed show that EGA is efficient and applicable for embedded systems.


The second-generation technologies of biorefining cannot overcome the profit obstacle. Compared with coal chemical processes or fermentation processes, these technologies have many drawbacks such as very low product yield, high energy consumption, and too much waste. The third-generation technology of biorefining can produce both liquid transportation fuels and chemicals in a way similar to that of petrochemical process. Quantitative conversion and high product selectivity are the key characteristics of the third-generation technology of biorefining, and these novel processes are unfolding in front of us.


Physically aggressive behaviours pose major problems to carers supporting people with intellectual disability. This review considers the prevalence and nature of this form of challenging behaviour within this population and describes possible causal factors. The present status of both behavioural and pharmacological interventions for aggression are assessed, and the importance of devising reactive management plans for aggressive behaviours outlined. Implications for future practice are discussed.


States vary greatly in their implementation of standards-based accountability under No Child Left Behind, yet little evidence is available to guide policymakers on what attributes of state policy advance more tightly aligned instruction. This study uses survey data and content analyses from the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum to describe elements of state policy that are associated with tighter alignment between teacher-reported instruction and state standards and assessments. The author reports substantial variation on policy attributes across states, with increasing use of power (rewards and sanctions) and low overall consistency between standards and assessments. Several of the policy attributes are related to instructional alignment, with the strongest fit in mathematics.


Power spectrum analysis is often used to determine whether population time series are dominated by particular frequencies. Results for chaotic time series are often reported in terms of the colour of the spectra whereby red spectra indicate a dominance of low frequency (long-term) fluctuations, white spectra indicate that all frequencies are equally dominant and blue spectra indicate a dominance of high frequency (short-term) fluctuations. Several studies have employed such analysis and much discussion has been provoked by an apparent conflict between the fact that the time series of natural populations produce reddened power spectra whereas chaotic, single species ecological models can produce blue, white or red spectra. Here, we resolve the question of which parameter values give rise to particular colour spectra by analysing simple models in terms of 'universal' parameters allowing direct comparisons between models to be drawn. This suggests that some models are not capable of producing reddened spectra, which would question their usefulness in describing ecological systems. The population behaviour associated with each colour spectrum is described and compared with models that incorporate simple modifications to represent delayed density dependence, spatial structure and environmental effects.


AIM
To investigate the effects of oxytocin (OT) on isolated rabbit proximal colon and its mechanism.

METHODS
Both longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM) were suspended in a tissue chamber containing 5 mL Krebs solution (37 degrees ), bubbled continuously with 950 mL x L(-1) O(2) and 50 mL x L(-1) CO(2). Isometric spontaneous contractile responses to oxytocin or other drugs were recorded in circular and longitudinal muscle strips.

RESULTS
OT (0.1 U x L(-1)) failed to elicit significant effects on the contractile activity of proximal colonic smooth muscle strips (P>0.05). OT (1 to 10 U x L(-1)) decreased the mean contractile amplitude and the contractile frequency of CM and LM. Hexamethonium (10 micromol x L(-1)) partly blocked the inhibition of oxytocin (1 U x L(-1)) on the contractile frenquency of CM. N(omega))-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME, 1 micromol x L (-1)), progesterone (32 micromol x L(-1)) and estrogen (2.6 micromol x L(-1)) had no effects on OT-induced responses.

CONCLUSION
OT inhibits the motility of proximal colon in rabbits. The action is partly relevant with N receptor, but irrelevant with that of NO, progesterone or estrogen.


In $\mathbb{R}^d$, the characterization of the \mbox{lack of compactness of the continuous Sobolev injection $ \mathring{H}^s \hookrightarrow L^p $}, with $ \displaystyle{\frac{s}{d} + \frac{1}{p} = \frac{1}{2}} $ and $\displaystyle{0


Introduction: Most healthcare settings use chlorine-releasing tablets to disinfect clinical areas. We have seen a number of healthcare professionals at the Birmingham Chest Clinic UK, with suspected occupational asthma (OA) caused by sensitisation to chlorine-releasing tablets. However, we have performed 8 specific inhalation challenge (SIC) tests without a positive response for asthma symptoms. We now present a new case of OA in a 48 year-old care assistant for the elderly. Her exposures included latex gloves, floor cleaning materials and alcohol gel. She carried out 2-hourly serial peak flow records at work and at home which showed work-related changes (Oasys score 3.12). A SIC was carried out to ascertain the cause. Methods: Neutral detergent solution, "Haztab" chlorine solution (10,000ppm), urine, and a chlorine/urine (5%) mixture were painted onto cardboard on separate days for a total of 70 minutes. FEV1 was measured every 5-10 mins during the first hour then hourly for the following 10 hours. Results: The chlorine/urine mixture provoked asthmatic symptoms and a sustained drop in FEV1 of up to 34% from baseline. There was no response to chlorine or urine alone nor the detergent. Figure 1 shows the main results.
 Conclusions: It is likely that the chlorine/urine mixture produced chloramines, a known sensitiser causing OA. We believe future SICs to chlorine tablets should be performed with a nitrogen source.


A honeypot could be a deception entice, designed to tempt an offender into trying to compromise the data systems in a corporation. If deployed properly, a honeypot will function an early-warning and advanced security police investigation tool, minimizing the risks from attacks on that systems and networks. Additionally, it offers valuable insight into potential system loopholes. Information assortment is that the major task of network forensics and honeypots are utilized in network forensics to gather helpful information. Honeypot is an exciting new technology with huge potential for security communities. This paper would first provide a temporary introduction to honeypots the categories and its uses, their importance in network security.


DROPPING THE E-WORDS FROM SMALL BUSINESS RESEARCH; AN ALTERNATIVE TYPOLOGY(*) The words "entrepreneur" and "entrepreneurship" (the E-Words) continue to bedevil small business scholars. The reason is in the past. Economists originally identified entrepreneurs as those who were the instruments of major macroeconomic change. Max Weber and Joseph Schumpeter used the terms to critique the ideas of Karl Marx. The entrepreneur was an "ideal type," representing a class of individuals, to be used along with terms like "capitalist," "bourgeoisie," or "proletariat" (Collins 1986, Giddens 1971). Moreover, the entrepreneur was an agent of change, breaking the "circular flow" or macroeconomic equilibrium. Entrepreneurial change was discontinuous change, as entrepreneurs devised "new combinations" of economic forces. As a historical explanation of macroeconomic change, the concept of entrepreneurship worked quite well, reaching its most systematic development in the work of Schumpeter (1961). But for the concept of entrepreneurship to enter the mainstream of economic thought, it had to be quantifiable for use in elaborate economic models. Although many have tried to quantify the effects of entrepreneurship, the task seems impossible. Demsetz (1983) explained that an entrepreneurship variable cannot be used in predictive models. Successful entrepreneurship (the only kind that has an economic effect) is purely a matter of luck. Entrepreneurs are attempting to initiate major economic changes all the time, but conditions have to be right before any of them can make an innovative breakthrough. Which will be successful cannot be known until after the success occurs. No one can quantify the "unforeseeable" effects of entrepreneurial activity because, by definition, the entrepreneur is doing something new. Economic models describe entrepreneurial effects after the event, not before (Demsetz 1983). Unfortunately with all their problems, the terms "entrepreneur" and "entrepreneurship" have saturated the field of small business research, to the detriment of all because there are no commonly accepted definitions of the terms (Low and MacMillan 1988; Kent 1984; Kilby 1971; Wortman 1986). This is not a new problem (Livesay 1982), but with the current popularity of "entrepreneurship," definitional problems seem to be worsening (Gartner 1988; Carland et al. 1988). What can be done? Some feel the solution is to continually redefine the terms "entrepreneur" and "entrepreneurship" (Gartner 1988; Carland et al. 1988; Low and MacMillan 1988; Ronan 1988). Others have constructed elaborate models in an attempt to deal with "corporate entrepreneurship" (Spann, Adams, and Wortman 1988). But the terms are 300 years old and carry too much historical baggage. Researchers are trying to employ the concept of entrepreneurship in ways never intended by those who coined and developed it. However useful in historical studies of macroeconomic change, the concept of entrepreneurship is not helpful in small business research. THE WARRIOR EXAMPLE To begin the discussion, consider the term "warrior," another concept useful in historical narrative but of only limited application in particular cases. The actions of warriors have been a crucial element in the development of all societies, arguably more important than the actions of entrepreneurs. History, anthropology, and sociology are replete with accounts of the actions of warriors. For the sake of this argument, assume that the accepted definition of the term warrior is "one who engages an armed enemy in personal combat." Now imagine that a researcher is attempting to improve the performance of U.S. soldiers in combat. The researcher travels to a combat action to do field research, say, the 1965 Battle of the Ia Drang Valley in Vietnam between the U.S. 1st Air Cavalry Division and elements of two North Vietnamese regiments. Assume that our researcher has only the concept of "warrior" to help him understand the soldiers he is interviewing. …


CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE ON THE ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE IN ABIA STATE) ABSTRACT This study was on ...


We show by simulation that the impact of inter-channel non-linear effects is independent of modulation format in long-haul systems, once long-correlated non-linear phase-noise has been removed. We back-up the finding experimentally and investigate the system implications.


The algorithmic approach and expected performance for the VIIRS cloud mask, sea surface temperature and land surface temperature is presented.


1 Model.......................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Description of the tip-sample interaction potential .........................................................................................1 1.2 Fitting of the short range interactions .............................................................................................................2 1.3 Cl vacancy on a NaCl/Cu(100) Surface ..............................................................................................................3 1.4 CO tilting: DFT versus model calculations ........................................................................................................4 1.5 DFT calculation details ......................................................................................................................................5 2. Interaction decomposed images ............................................................................................................................5 3. CO-Cu tips ...............................................................................................................................................................8 3.1 Charge density of CO functionalized Cu tips in DFT .........................................................................................8 3.2 Electrostatics of CO functionalized Cu tips in DFT ............................................................................................8 3.3 Choice of dipole size .........................................................................................................................................9 3.4 Effect of the extension of the electric fields created by the CO and Cu metal tip on the AFM images ........ 11 4. Additional series of experimental measurements: tip sharpness ....................................................................... 12


This paper describes the influence of tenure, auditor reputation, disclosure, and the size of the client company on a going concern opinion. Audit opinion issued by the auditor is expected by users of the quality of information, because as the basis for investment decisions. Going-concern audit opinion is an opinion issued by auditors to ascertain whether the company can maintain its existence. Studies on the factors that affect the audit opinion have been carried out both overseas and in Indonesia. The factors used are vary and the results are not conclusive. This study uses 89 sample firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2003-2008. Logit regression analysis shows that the tenure, auditor reputation, disclosure has a significant on going-concern opinion while the client company size has no effect on going-concern opinion. Keywords: tenure, auditor reputation, disclosure, size, going-concern opinion


The availability of representative population-based health data is a prerequisite for identifying public health problems. Rather than basing their health policies on health determinants, most countries continue to rely on mortality figures and service- based data due to the lack of data for many key health indicators. A National Health Information System (NHIS) integrates health data from various sources, such as vital registration, health care service utilisation and survey data. Postal questionnaire surveys and health/disability interview surveys (HIS/DIS) are an essential part of NHIS. They provide information e.g. on diseases and conditions not requiring contact to health care system, self-rated health, opinions, experiences, and health behaviour. Health ex- amination surveys (HES) are used to gather information on clinical measurements and diseases and medical conditions diagnosed by health care professionals. These kinds of surveys face problems related to sampling, inclusion/exclusion criteria, reporting bias and low response rates. Cultural differences in questioning and answering affect international comparisons. The advantage of HIS/DIS/HES is the combination of measured health status, self-reported health determinants and socio-economic conditions. This allows in-depth analysis with personal level data to estimate distributions and inequalities between various sub-populations.


Rosamultin is a major active pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin isolated from the root of Potentilla anserina L., which has various pharmacological activities.


The novel acoustic analog front-end receiver chip basing all-CMOS technology was designed to amplify the weak signal depressed the harmonic distortion and interference of adjacent channels for multi-channel acoustic imaging system. The 48 channel variable gain amplifiers (VGA) with the exponential gain control, multi-channel output data strobe, output buffer and continuous-time and anti-aliasing fourth-order Butterworth low pass filter for high signal-noise-ration (SNR) of analog-to-digital convertor (ADC), and integrated a vertical shift register. By the simulation verification, processing and test, the system shown linearity gain dynamic range 52dB, the equivalent input noise 5.2nV /Hz1/2@ 1.5MHz, and - 3dB bandwidth on 15MHz~92MHz. When the gain was less than 55dB, the second-order harmonic distortion was less than - 40dB, the receiving sensitivity 50μV while signal to noise ration (SNR) 30dB, the power consumption of each channel 6mW at 5V power supply.


The conventional theory of vision, that the brain uses the image cast upon the back wall of the eye or retina, just as film uses the image cast at the back of a camera, fails to explain residual vision for an eye immersed in water. It also cannot explain the "illusion" of the diagonal lines of a pincushion grid. A spatial frequency model which proposes that a focal diffraction pattern is retinally coincident can be shown to account for these phenomena, and is related to the feasibility of developing a substitute eye for the blind. The "illusory" diagonal lines of a pincushion grid and its complement, the Hermann grid, are demonstrated to be physically generated by the spatial frequency components at the focal surface of the eye oriented at 90° to those "illusory" lines. Analysis of the limited number of spatial frequency components or light points at the focal surface, required to replicate the equivalent of continuous lines in object space, also has implications for the design and development of a visual prosthetic device.


The data structures which have a significant role for representing and manipulating Boolean functions in VLSI Design Automation are Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDDs). Boolean function manipulation is highly efficient at solving many problems in wide array of fields including digital logic design, intelligent systems along with combinatorial problem. Therefore, binary decision diagrams (BDDs) or ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) have been shown to be a powerful tool in solving problems in the above areas. The variable ordering largely influences the size of the BDD, varying from the linear to exponential. Our paper outlines an enhanced variable ordering algorithm which shall be capable to produce the minimum number of nodes for a given Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDD). The efficiency of the proposed technique is illustrated on a number of benchmarks and compared to existing algorithms to prove its validity for use.


Abstract Introduction: The use of warfarin in patients undergoing hemodialysis is associated with decreased bone mineral density and an increased incidence of bone fracture. However, no studies to date have directly estimated bone quality with bone histomorphometry in patients with bone abnormalities who are taking warfarin and undergoing hemodialysis. Patient concerns: A 47-year-old female with Noonan syndrome presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity pain on walking, and skin sclerosis. She had been undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for 25 years following 2 years of peritoneal dialysis for chronic glomerulonephritis. She had been taking warfarin as an anticoagulant agent for 13 years after she underwent an aortic valve replacement. Diagnosis: Warfarin-induced impairment of bone material quality. Interventions and outcomes: Histomorphometric analysis of the bone biopsy specimens showed impairment in bone calcification processes, a high turnover of bone remodeling, low bone volume, and mild fibrosis. The bone abnormality could not be categorized into any type of representative bone disease classification such as osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, adynamic bone disease, uremic osteodystrophy, or hyperparathyroidism, but was consistent with warfarin-induced impairment of bone material quality. Conclusion: Warfarin can induce impairment of bone material quality in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.


(57) Abstract: along the path of the yarn (1), an air suction nozzle (3), and at least one spray nozzle for spraying the processing solution (4), for removing air and excess treatment solution removal chamber (5), it is constructed by consecutive air false twist unit and (6), the four elements apparatus for carrying out the preferred invention from being formed in a single block assembly. A spray nozzle (4), the processing solution is high pressure in the form of fine droplets, for example, it is sprayed on the order of 2x10 After processing apparatus includes finishing means (8) for equipment. Finishing means (8) is moved preferably consists of two heating drum having a deflection axis (10, 11), the thread (1) is wound on said drum, and in substantial contact winding shape to.


The article explains the importance of professional judgment for the implementation of IFRS in Ukraine, and in the process of making accounting records and preparing IFRS financial statements. The stages of making professional judgment are reviewed. The most appropriate algorithm for making and applying professional judgment is identified.


Objective To observe the effect of Dihuang Yizhi Fang on cell cycle related gene expression in senile dementia rats induced by Aβ1-40.Methods One hundred and twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal,model,low-dose,middle dose and high-dose of Dihuang Yizhi Fang group.Senile dementia was induced by Aβ1-40 injection in bilateral hippocampal CA1 area of these rats.After 24 h of Aβ1-40 injection,rats were treated intragastrically with Dihuang Yizhi Fang at concentration of 0.12,0.24,0.48 g extract/(100 g?d) in low-dose,middle dose and high-dose group respectively,and equal volume of distilled water in normal and model group for 4 weeks.Expression of cyclin D1,cyclin E,p16 and CDK6 in cortex and CA1 hippocampus zone were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Expression of cyclin D1 and CDK6 were up-regulated after 24 h of Aβ1-40 injection,cyclin E expression up-regulated in 2nd weeks,and p16 expression up-regulated in 4th weeks.Low-dose,middle dose and high-dose of Dihuang Yizhi Fang may ameliorate the abnormal expression of cyclin D1,cyclin E,p16 and CDK6 induced by Aβ1-40.Conclusion Cell cycle related genes abnormally expressed in early senile dementia rats,and Dihuang Yizhi Fang may ameliorate the abnormal expression of cyclin D1,cyclin E,p16 and CDK6.


Integrated network management system has high requirement on stability,timeliness and robustness.The functional testing,performance testing,automated testing and some other aspects of the testing process and key technology are researched.Based on the analysis of the structure and operations of the integrated network management system as well as in-depth study on software testing theory,a set of integrated network management system testing solutions is developed,including system testing model,function testing model and performance testing model,and an automated test model for regression testing to improve test efficiency and software quality.


Precious metals are subject to great scrutiny from lawmakers because of their financial and strategic importance. Gold and silver coins have been hallmarked since ancient times but the platinum group metals (pgm) were only known from 1748, therefore their hallmarking and fineness control is more recent. This paper reviews the legal history of pgm control in Switzerland where precious metal refiners' and fine watchmakers' lobbying impacted Swiss regulations on precious metals trade. Platinum and palladium have been regulated since 1914 and 1995 respectively while the other pgms (rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium) are not.


This article deals with vulnerabilities of quantum cryptography systems and quantum key distribution. Solutions that exclude the possibility of quantum attacks on existing quantum key distribution systems are proposed.


A simplified mechanical model for computing the vertical dynamic impedance function of single pile is established based on a certain assumptions and the improved dynamic model of beam-on-Winkler foundation by using the principle of soil dynamics and structural dynamics.Both the softening effect of soils around pile during vibration and slippage along the pile-soil interface are taken into account.The characteristics of the frequency-dependency of dynamic stiffness and damping of pile are reproduced.It is shown through the comparative study on an example that the numerical results of dynamic impedance of pile computed by the proposed dynamic Winkler model are relatively rational.All these provide the base for the nonlinear analysis of dynamic pile-soil-structure interaction system.


In Contemporary Chinese,"Zhuang/Yang/Shi/Xing/Xiang" are being used more and more frequently and widely.Besides,the location of words-building and the function of words-combination are being fixed.Their morphemic meaning are so gradually empty and general that the five words come to have a growing tendency of affixation,which are becoming a group of emerging auxiliary words to describe appearances,features and so on,they are also called "auxiliary words of description".By summing up the results of previous studies and collecting current corpuses,we try to further study them by means of sememe analysis and comparative method.These five words,in accordance with the description meaning,can be used to describe the typical appearances and vivid modal shapes.However,their semantic features are different,so they have different emphases on expression of meaning.


GaN layers have been grown on double‐side‐polished sapphire substrates using hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The GaN layers on each side of the substrate were alternately grown using a new susceptor with a rotating mechanism. Although a conventional GaN layer grown on one side of a sapphire substrate exhibits a small radius of curvature, the alternately double‐sided‐grown GaN template exhibits a large radius of curvature. The radius of curvature of the alternately double‐sided‐grown GaN template with a thickness of 180 μm was found to be approximately 16.4 m, and was larger than the 0.5 m radius of curvature of the conventional GaN template.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


ABSTRACT In activity theory, most studies have focused on examining learning centered around interactions with peers or mentors; but the personal learning frame centered on externalization of internal activity is yet to be fully examined. I performed an ethnographic study of a computer-mediated form of such self-teaching activity in the electronic sport game StarCraft. I found that expert players relied significantly on digitally-mediated introspection—self-examination and critique of personal practices mediated by digital archives—to reveal psychological contradictions which become new objects of learning. I argue that psychological contradiction is a useful concept for examining self-teaching activities within computerized environments.


Abstract An operationally simple protocol for the direct chlorination of 1,3-dicarbonyls (and related compounds such as α-cyano ketones) is described. The procedure relies on mild conditions using IBX–SO3K as the stoichiometric oxidizing agent and the ubiquitous sodium chloride. The presence of a phase-transfer catalyst is supportive to obtain good yields in a THF–water mixture.


In this paper, we propose a novel method for selecting personal favorite scenes using hierarchical eigenspace method based approach from broadcast soccer videos. In our method, we use physical parameters extracted from videos, such as image space frequency and time space frequency. We use these physical parameters as feature vectors, make an eigenspace of these vectors extracted from image slices of broadcasted soccer videos, and select the image slices that the distance from prior selected image slices as a personal favorite scene in the eigenspace is small. And we construct the hierarchical image pyramid which includes smaller resized images of input frames. Firstly we use the eigenspace of smallest resized frames of videos, and extract candidate frames of personal favorite scenes. In the next steps, we use the eigenspaces of next smallest resized frames. And finally we extract frames of personal favorite scenes using eigenspace of non-resized frames. The experimental results show the ability of our proposed method


A suite of sedimentary sequences and a three-dimensional (3D) observation ofcoastal bar and shoal deposits from sandy gravel coast zone in Boao, eastetn Hainan Islandwere made using cores, outcrops and ground -penetrating -radar (GPR) profiles. According tolitho -facies distribution, three sedimentary sequences are distinguished in sedimentarycolumns, which constitutes an upward coarse-fine-coarse cycle.GPR reflectors show that water table in the area is located about 6 m below the surfaceand the reflective signals decrease rapidly under the water surface due to absorption ofsaturated sand to the electromagnetic (EM) waves. The GPR electromagnetic wave penetratesless than 5 m on modern beach because of the intrusion of salted sea water. The samePhenomenon is encountered on the shoal near the lagoon where the ground water invadessediments. Several GPR facies can be identified from the profiles. As to Yudai Tan coastalbar, two types of reflector configurations of regional significance were verified up and downthe water surface or unconformity in some places. Parallel to slightly wavy reflectors abovewater surface contrast with hummocky, chaotic, oblique and hyperbola reflectors below thewater surface. The former reflectors may indicate homogeneous and fine to medium sandwhi1e the latter indicates an increase in the content of coarse sand and gravel. Discontinues,hummocky and chaotic reflectors identified on Nangang Cun shoal may indicate analternation between sand and clay during deposition.The results show that the Nangang Cun shoal may develop in late Holocene period andbefore it joined the coastal bar, there was a lagoonal region separating them. It is indicatedthat GPR is a reliable, rapid, and economical method for high-resolution profiling ofsubsurface sediments in sandy grave1 coastal zone. In order to increase the reliability,continuous geological logs from test holes, wells and outcrops are needed to interpret theradar data.


The eigendecomposition of the coherency matrix, as well as the Entropy, Anisotropy and mean Alpha angle are crucial for the physical understanding of the scattered echo in SAR polarimetry. This contribution considers a perturbation analysis of the coherency matrix that allows the statistical characterization of all the previous parameters. In addition, a novel and effective algorithm for the unbiased estimation of the Entropy parameter is presented.


To investigate the possibility of the neurosecretion of Bax-like protein in the adult rat, we examined its distribution in the hypothalamo-posterior pituitary system using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We also measured the serum Bax-like protein using an enzyme immunoassay. Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus exhibited intense Bax-like immunoreactivity (Bax-IR). Bax-like immunoreactive axons projected to the posterior pituitary through the internal layer of the median eminence. By immunoelectron microscopy, Bax-IR was observed in the granulated vesicles and in the membrane of the roughsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the neuronal perikarya in the medial magnocellular division of PVN. It was also detected in the secretory vesicles in the nerve terminals of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Double-labeling histochemistry revealed that almost all Bax-like immunoreactive substances were present in the oxytocin neurons, and many Bax-like immunoreactive neurons were nitro-oxidergic neurons. The enzyme immunoassay revealed that the average Bax-like protein concentration in the serum was 39.0±9.6 pmol/ml in the adult male rat. Colchicine treatment significantly increased the densities of Bax-IR in the PVN and decreased the serum Bax-like protein levels. From these results, Bax-like protein is considered to be produced in the hypothalamic oxytocin neurons, transported through axoplasmic flow and secreted into systemic circulation at the posterior pituitary as a "neurohormone"


A guide system for translating components of an aircraft engine nacelle includes a track assembly and a slider assembly. The track assembly includes a track guide member and a track liner engaged therewith. The track guide member includes a track channel configured to receive the track liner. The track liner defines an interior surface and includes a projection portion projecting inwardly of the track channel to define a convex surface. The slider assembly translatably engages the track assembly and includes a slider member having a head portion configured to be received within the track channel. The head portion defines a concave surface substantially corresponding to the convex surface of the track liner and is configured to mate therewith. The slider member further includes an extension portion extending from the head portion and outwardly of the track assembly.


The modification of the catalytic properties of a polycrystalline platinum foil by the addition of tin was studied by the reactions of n-hexane and cyclohexane in excess H{sub 2}. The reactions were studied at 13.3 kPa of n-hexane, 450 kPa of H{sub 2} and 740 K, and 6.7 kPa of cyclohexane, 450 kPa of H{sub 2} and 573 K. The Pt-Sn catalyst was characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy and by temperature-programmed desorption of CO before and after the reactions. The sites that bind CO most strongly on the Pt foil also have the highest initial turnover rate and are the first ones to be poisoned by carbon deposits from hydrocarbon reactions or by sulfur when a sulfur-containing compound (thiophene) is present in the feed. The addition of tin can block these sites preferentially, thus decreasing the undesirable high initial hydrogenolysis rate of platinum catalysts in reforming reactions and eliminating the need for presulfiding the catalyst. Also, tin suppressed the hydrogenolysis reaction preferentially to the isomerization and cyclization reactions thus increasing the selectivities to isomerization and cyclization. The amount of carbon deposited was smaller on tin containing platinum catalysts during the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and n-hexane.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the dosimetric effects on target volume and organs at risk (OARs) due to roll rotational errors in treatment setup of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer.

METHODS
There were a total of 23 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for lung SBRT examined in this retrospective study. Each CT image of VMAT plans was intentionally rotated by ±1°, ±2°, and ±3° to simulate roll rotational setup errors. The axis of rotation was set at the center of T-spine. The target volume and OARs in the rotated CT images were re-defined by deformable registration of original contours. The dose distributions on each set of rotated images were re-calculated to cover the planning target volume (PTV) with the prescription dose before and after the couch translational correction. The dose-volumetric changes of PTVs and spinal cords were analyzed.

RESULTS
The differences in D95% of PTVs by -3°, -2°, -1°, 1°, 2°, and 3° roll rotations before the couch translational correction were on average -11.3±11.4%, -5.46±7.24%, -1.11±1.38% -3.34±3.97%, -9.64±10.3%, and -16.3±14.7%, respectively. After the couch translational correction, those values were -0.195±0.544%, -0.159±0.391%, -0.188±0.262%, -0.310±0.270%, -0.407±0.331%, and -0.433±0.401%, respectively. The maximum dose difference of spinal cord among the 23 plans even after the couch translational correction was 25.9% at -3° rotation.

CONCLUSIONS
Roll rotational setup errors in lung SBRT significantly influenced the coverage of target volume using VMAT technique. This could be in part compensated by the translational couch correction. However, in spite of the translational correction, the delivered doses to the spinal cord could be more than the calculated doses. Therefore if rotational setup errors exist during lung SBRT using VMAT technique, the rotational correction would rather be considered to prevent over-irradiation of normal tissues than the translational correction.


Abstract The efficacy of Endox®, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and Ethoxyquin® for preservation of vitamin A was tested in three trials by placing four replicates of pelleted feed (ca. 27 kg each) in galvanized metal cans with tight-fitting lids. The vitamin premix used contained no antioxidant. After the feed was sampled, the cans were equipped with thermocouples and placed outside for 30 days. The data suggest that Endox® and Ethoxyquin® are equal in effectiveness and that both may be superior to BHT.


Location estimation is an important part of a traffic surveillance system. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods based on particle filters have proved to be an effective solution in sensing error correction. We investigate in this paper the influence of particle filter parameters variation on sensing errors correction accuracy. Considered traffic surveillance system is based on a wireless sensor network. Several forms of probability density matrix and various methods for particle weight computation where considered, allowing us to find the dependencies between parameters. Finally, we use simulation to find optimal solutions in different traffic conditions.


The purpose of this study is to examine influences of organizational identification on employees' knowledge sharing behavior which is composed of written contribution, organizational communications and personal interactions. And also this study has verified the mediating effect of occupational self-efficacy between organizational identification and knowledge sharing behavior. The samples are obtained from pilots who are serving in ROK Air Force fighter squadrons and analyzed by using AMOS and SPSS program. The results of this study are as follows. First, organizational identification has a positive effect on organizational communications and personal interactions. However, organizational identification does not impact on written contribution. Second, occupational self-efficacy acts as a complete mediator between organizational identification and organizational communications and as a partial mediator between organizational identification and personal interactions. The last part of this study summarizes all the results and provides the contribution and implications of this study. And directions for future studies are discussed.


The study of hydromagnetic wave propagation in a plane-parallel magnetic flux sheath embedded in a compressible plasma is extended to the case in which a uniform velocity field is present either within the sheath or in the external plasma.Although only evanescent waves occur in the nonmagnetic region for an incompressible plasma, it is shown that both evanescent and standing wave solutions may be obtained in a compressible plasma, even in the limit that the sound speed is large compared with the Alfven speed.The properties of the solutions are sensitive to the form of the waves in the nonmagnetic region. For a standing wave pattern in the sinuous mode, the system is unstable if the plasma density in the external region exceeds that within the sheath. However, in the presence of a velocity stream the instability becomes convective and eventually the system is stabilized as the velocity increases. This behavior is just the reverse of that for an incompressible flow which becomes unstable as the velocity increases, and it is shown that this is related to the form of the waves in the external region.The analysis is also extended to the case of waves propagating in the plane of the sheathmore » at an angle to the magnetic field, and a simple eigenvalue problem is investigated for a flux sheath of finite extent.« less


Introduction: Para-spinal non-metallic foreign bodies (fabrics or plastics) are rare and poorly documented. They are often unknown and discovered at the stage of infectious complications and present big therapeutic challenges. We report a rare case of three para-spinal foreign bodies (fabric, plastic and postoperative gauze) discovered during surgery of a traumatic thoracic spine. Case report: A 32-year-old man admitted for a polytrauma (collision motorcycle-cart). The admission examination noted closed trauma of the thoracic spine, an ASIA score of A, dyspnea, a penetrating wound of the left side of the chest. The CT scan showed a compressive left pleural effusion, multiple ribs fractures, pulmonary contusion, unstable fracture of fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae associated with posterior epidural hematoma responsible for medullar compression. There was a rounded, para-spinal image, dotted with small areas of low density, air bubbles. We lifted the vital emergency by draining the left pleural effusion, debriding the penetrating chest wound, and administering broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Fourteen days later, we decided to stabilize the spine. After a posterior approach, we discovered free pus and para-vertebral three foreign bodies. Enterobacter spp.was isolated in pus susceptible to imipenem. The immediate operative follow-up was simple. Conclusion: The best treatment remains preventive by simple measures, exploration of penetrating wounds, repeated count and careful verification of gauze, because the infectious complications that they generate are source of mortality and serious medico-legal implications.


The invention relates to a gravity field interpolation method based on universal kriging, the gravity field interpolation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: building a regression model according to a gravity anomaly model in the space; building a correlation model according to the gravity anomaly model in the space; calculating the weight coefficients of the regression model and the correlation model, substituting the weight coefficients into the gravity anomaly model, obtaining an expression of spatial distribution of gravity anomaly on a position to be interpolated, then substituting the position to be interpolated into the gravity anomaly model, and the gravity value of the position to be interpolated can be calculated. According to the gravity field interpolation method based on the universal kriging, a stepwise regression method is adopted for respective modelling to describe the non-stationarity and the relativity of the gravity field; a multiple stepwise regression method is used, and is combined with the lagrange multiplier method, the non-stationarity of the gravity field is completely described, the unbiasedness of an interpolation result is ensured, and the higher interpolation accuracy is realized.


Clarke discusses her career working to improve conditions and opportunities for inmates in jail, describing her job as co-director of a program sponsored by ABCCM to bring adult education to inmates. She discusses issues that make prison sentencing ineffective and inappropriate, and talks about alternatives. She describes a community-based, correctional approach to criminal behavior. She discusses the difference in problems faced by rural and urban areas. She talks about the crisis of prison overcrowding. She describes growing up in Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement, and how this has influenced her life. She wants people to know about her program, which is a citizen-based, non-profit organization, managed by a volunteer board of directors from the community, and how it functions as an alternative to the prison system.


Knowing the geolocation of cloud data becomes an urgent problem, which relates to cloud user equity (e.g., service compliance), service performance (e.g., disaster tolerance) and government regulations (e.g., GDPR). Unfortunately, data owners lose physical control after outsourcing data to the cloud service providers, while cloud service providers have the motivation (reducing economic costs and maximizing profits) and ability to move the data to other data centers in different geolocations. As a consequence, verifying whether the cloud data are in a specific geolocation is worthy of concern.In this paper, we propose a novel cloud data public verification scheme, DPVGeo, which allows any entity to verify the actual geolocation of cloud data remotely. In DPVGeo, we first design an atomic proof method, which divides the proof into several minimum computation units (i.e., atomic proof), and subtly only considers the normal operations (i.e., addition and multiplication), ignoring the time-consuming exponentiation operations, to obtain accurate response delay. Second, we utilize a thresholdbased closest-shortest approach to verify the geolocation of cloud data based on the response delay with high accuracy. Besides, we select both blocks and sectors randomly during each challenge to defend against the potential attacks (e.g., outsourcing attack, generation attack and replay attack). Finally, we perform a series of prototype implementations in real network environment to validate the performance of our design. The experimental results and security analysis show that our scheme is efficient and secure against semi-honest cloud service providers.


The two- courses refer to the course of the Marxist theory and the course of moral education in colleges and universities. Two-courses teaching is one of the most important approaches in teaching students about Marxist theory and moral education systematically. We must put theory into practice in order to make the two-courses teaching more persuasive and valid, only in this way can we reach the real goals of our teaching.


The JET Programme to 1999 concentrates on issues that must be solved before a decision to construct ITER can be taken. The paper discusses three areas representative of the physics support provided: confinement studies, divertor studies and fusion performance. Due to its large size and proximity to reactor conditions, JET provides the most ITER relevant confinement data of all tokamaks. JET has an active divertor programme (Mark I, 1994/95; Mark IIA, 1996; Mark IIGB, 1997/98) aimed at developing a viable divertor concept for ITER, based on, for example, the gas target/radiative divertor concept. High performance ELM‐free H‐ and VH‐mode discharges, complemented by quasi‐stationary ELMy H‐modes in an ITER‐like configuration will be developed further in 1994/95 and provide the basis for D‐T experiments in 1996 and 1999.


Welding repairs are increasingly a structural integrity concern for aging pressure vessel and piping components. It has been demonstrated that the residual stress distribution near repair welds can be drastically different from that of the original weld. Residual stresses have a significant effect on the lifetime performance of a weld, and a reduction of these stresses is normally desirable. The aim of this paper is to investigate residual stresses in various weld repair arrangements using the non-destructive neutron diffraction technique. This research is focused on characterization of the residual stress distribution: (i) in the original weld; (ii) in a shallow toe weld repair; and (iii) after conventional post-weld heat treatment. The focus of the measurements is on the values of the subsurface strain/stress variations across the weld.


AlSi9Cu3(Fe) vacuum-assisted high pressure die cast (VPDC) specimens were investigated by experimental fatigue test and fracture mechanics approach. The aims of the investigations were (i) to evaluate the fracture resistance and (ii) to indirectly determine the threshold stress intensity value (ΔKth) of casting alloy in uniaxial tension. The specimens were sorted into two groups: specimens with different size (0.01-0.40 mm2) natural defects, and specimens an additional artificial blind hole. The fatigue strength region was tested at R=-1 stress ratio to 107 number of cycles to fracture. The fracture mechanics approach was applied to study the behavior of the small cracks by Kitagawa diagram, the defect size was taken into account by the Murakami's (√area) parameter. The fatigue strength values were 104.7 MPa for smooth specimen, 92.7 MPa for specimen with D0.3 artificial hole, and 87.2 MPa for specimen with D0.6 artificial hole at the prescribed cycles, respectively.


The effect of temperature and exogenous ethanol was evaluated on the ethanol production potential of Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 2428 as an alternative to the classic and widespread use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . At 30 °C, this strain produced the maximum amounts of ethanol, i.e. 4.0 and 3.3% (v/v) after utilizing 98 and 83% (w/v) sugar on glucose and molasses medium, respectively. While at higher temperatures (35 & 40 °C), the ethanol production by the strain decreased. Moreover, the strain was able to operate in the presence of 8% (v/v) ethanol in glucose medium at 30 °C; whereas it tolerated only 6 and 2% (v/v) ethanol at 35 and 40 °C, respectively. At the respective temperatures, further higher concentrations of the supplemented ethanol were found to be inhibitory to the isolate.


We have been carrying out multiwaveband observations in support of X-ray monitoring of blazars and the radio galaxy 3C 120 with the RXTE satellite. In 3C 120, we have observed four X-ray dips, each followed about 4 weeks later by ejections of superluminal radio knots down the jet. This behavior, of similar nature to that of the microquasar GRS 1915+105, is interpreted as infall of a section of the inner accretion disk causing energy to be ejected down the relativistic jet. The X-ray emission from the quasars PKS 1510−089, 3C 279, and 3C 273 shows pronounced variations on timescales as short as ∼ 1 day. Over a two-year period, X-ray flares in PKS 1510−089 peaked about 2 weeks after the maxima of radio outbursts. This "reverse" time lag can be explained by light-travel delays within the source. In 3C 279 the X-ray and optical


Ernest Sosa has certainly given us something to think about with his paper 'Berkeley's master stroke'. It is an interesting, and I think quite novel, hypothesis that in Berkeley's philosophy there is no fundamental nexus or copula except perceiving (with conceiving taken to be a sub-species of perceiving) and willing. In giving his paper at Dublin, Sosa brought perceiving, conceiving and willing under the single umbrella term 'minding'. There is no fundamental nexus or copula except minding. As Sosa points out, Berkeley has a clear motive for resisting attribution as a fundamental nexus. For if it is admitted, then the case against material substance, thing-having-properties, is weakened, perhaps fatally. This is a quite new point to me.\ But in the end, Sosa is inclined to think, Berkeley is forced to re admit attribution.


 We present a Multimedia Annotator that makes it possible to attach multimedia annotations to both text and digital video in the browser window. We illustrate its educational uses, based on several years of experience with a similar desktop program. Our main points are: • The technological support provided by the Annotator makes it possible for beginning and early intermediate students to use unabridged original films in the target language. • Such films are better than textbooks for language teaching because they teach language that consists of dialog and is embedded in situation and culture. • Multimedia annotations attached to a linear narative sequence are a good format for organizing pedagogical material because they provide a righ set of mnemonics based on episodic narrative memory. Although we primarily discuss language teaching, the Annotator can also be used to create educational materials for surgeons, craftsmen, journalists, lawyers and other professions. Index Terms  annotations, commentaries, digital video, HTML, Java, XML, XSLT MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS FOR PEDAGOGY Multimedia applications -programs that work with digital video and sound integrated with the more traditional text and graphics materials—are becoming technologically feasible and affordable. Several recent developments have made them so. • Storage and distribution: The standardization and wide availability of read/write CDROM and DVD drives make it possible to store and distribute large amounts of video data on a single disk or a manageable number of disks. • Natural language support. The standardization and wide availability of Unicode make it possible to create applications in a variety of natural languages. • Data formats: The standardization and wide availability of XML data formats make it possible to create cross-platform browser-based applications. At least two major browsers, Mozilla and Internet Explorer, support XSLT, a powerful language for processing and restructuring XML data. • Browser software: The same two browsers, Mozilla and Internet Explorer, support Javascript DOM interfaces, including on-screen text selection. This makes it possible to highlight and process a region of text corresponding to a video selection. • Video processing software: Programming interfaces to standard video formats, such as QTJava interfaces for Quicktime, make it easy to control the video from a web server or an applet. Given these developments, the question of what multimedia can do for education is becoming increasingly pertinent. The answer to that question depends to a great extent on the subject being taught. However, there are also common capabilities that, we believe, should be implemented in any educational uses of multimedia. These capabilities are: • Video-text synchronization: the ability to associate video data with arbitrary text (not necessarilty the sound track of the video), and to establish segment-by-segment correspondence between video and text data. • Navigation by text and by video: the ability to find a video segment corresponding to a selected stretch of text and vice versa. • Segment replay: the ability to replay a segment of video while viewing the corresponding text. • Hypermedia annotation of text and video. the ability to attach arbitrary annotations to a segment of text (and therefore to the corresponding video segment), attach more than one set of annotations to the text, and easily switch between them. (For instance, in language-learning contexts one may want to have grammatical, lexical, stylistic and cultural commentaries.) Preparing educational materials using the Annotator falls into two stages. In the first stage, the video materia and its accompanying text are broken into a linear sequence of synchronized segmens. Each segment can be individually replayed, with the matching text scrolled into view and highlighted. Since the temporal sequence of the video and the the spacial extent of text are tightly coupled, one can search the video for a specific text. In addition, the linear sequence of matched text and


The Wellbeing Service helps local people with disabilities find and keep a job.
Employers can also get advice about best practice in the recruitment and retention of disabled employees.


In this paper we prove Krylov's boundary gradient type estimates (and regularity) for solutions to fully nonlinear differential inequalities with unbounded coefficients and quadratic growth on the ...


Erythropoietin(EPO) mainly comes from the kidney,which can combine with surface receptor of erythroid progenitor cells,to improve the proliferation,differentiation and mature of erythroid progenitor cells,increase the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content,stabilize erythrocyte membrane,and strengthen the antioxidant function of erythrocyte membrane. EPO is often used to treat anemia caused by various reasons. With the clinical research in recent years,EPO receptor(EPOR) has been observed in a variety of non hematopoietic tissue,which has the mechanisms of antiapoptotic,antioxidation,promoting the growth of blood vessels,anti-inflammatory,promoting erythropoiesis. Based on the domestic and foreign literature,it is found that EPO has the therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases(chronic congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction),diabetic complications(diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy),central nervous system diseases(neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,cerebral stroke,and traumatic brain injury),resection of liver regeneration,hyperoxia lung injury,other neurological diseases and tumors.


Synchrotron radiation (SR) is an extremely useful X-ray source for protein crystallography. It is high brilliance, high intensity and small divergence white X-ray source, which enables us to collect high resolution diffraction data of biological macromolecular crystals with large cell dimensions. Furthermore, wavelength tunability of SR is essential for the phase determination by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method, which has a possibility of the direct phase determination of metal proteins, selenomethionyl proteins and proteins with single isomorphous derivative of poor isomorphism.MAD method is applied for the structure determination of cytochrome c-553 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F strain.


watermelon and the methodology and quantities of determination of macro and microelements in the seeds of the "Shirin" variety of watermelon grown in Uzbekistan by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS) are given. Experiments conducted on macro and microelements in the chemical composition of watermelon were analyzed and compared from the literature.


The effect of x radiation (3 x 1O/sup 5/r, 6 x 1O/sup 5/r, and 12 x 1O/ sup 5/r) on the respiration of slices of kidney cortex, liver. and spleen of male guinea pigs was examined in the presence of glucose or alpha -oxoglutarate. The oxygen uptake of the kidney cortex slices increased independent of the substrate. On the other hand. the respiration of liver slices was inhibited when glucose was used; whereas. in the presence of alpha -oxoglutarate only 12 x 1O/sup 5/r had an inhibitory effect. The respiration of spleen slices was reduced considerably in all cases independent of the substrate added. The possible mechanism of the radiation-induced changes of the respiration is discussed briefiy. (auth)


Currently the world economy is experiencing heavy pressure caused by the COVID-19 virus or what is known as the corona virus. This virus is coming to be known by the wider community in 2020. This topic aims to discuss whether the global impact caused by corona to the world economy, especially in the field of e-commerce services at PT. Shopee Internasional Indonesia. Seeing economic development and the impact of the economy not only on the economic sphere, but health and culture also have an impact on the economy. Evidenced by the spread of the corona virus has a negative impact on the economy.

Technology that is developing so rapidly should be able to be utilized by business people. The use of the right technology will be able to improve company performance. Long, complicated and time-consuming business processes can be more efficient and help reduce costs. E-commerce is a technology that should be applied in companies. E-commerce is the answer to the demands of globalization. The fast growing growth of internet users should be the reason why companies should try to implement e-commerce, even though the development of e-commerce users is not that impressive compared to the growth of internet users. The phenomenon of e-commerce is not well understood and supported, especially in developing countries like Indonesia.

The application of e-commerce will be able to increase the competitive advantage of the company. The implementation of e-commerce requires a mature strategy that has been decided by the management of the company, including preparing my resources for reliable technology and human resources in the field of information technology. Build an information system to manage company operations. Has a fast and short service and transaction mechanism with good security. Establish good cooperation with suppliers and distributors. If all of the above can be done properly, it will be able to increase the company's competitive advantage.


We investigate the effect of structured and quasi-random defects in the metal coating of apertureless microfabricated SNOM probes on polarization mode coupling in the probe and on the emitted optical fields using rigorous modeling tools.


: In this paper, the spatial distribution situation and influencing factors of 585 rural tourism characteristic villages in Henan Province are analysed based on global autocorrelation index, average nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis and Geodetector, and the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The spatial autocorrelation index of rural tourism characteristic villages in Henan Province is 0.224, the average nearest neighbor index is 0.636, and the coefficient of variation is 241.5%. The agglomeration characteristic of northern Henan, central Henan and southern Henan are obvious. It has the spatial distribution characteristic of ' near mountains, around cities and along roads '. (2) The results of factor detector show that the number of road mileage, tourism income, number of A-level scenic spots, expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs and air quality have a great influence on the spatial distribution of rural tourism characteristic villages. (3) The results of interaction detector show that the interaction results of influencing factors are all enhanced, and the interaction between GDP and tourism income is the strongest. (4) The results of ecological detector show that the influence of river system ( 𝑋 2 ), the number of road miles ( 𝑋 5 ), the number of A-grade scenic spots ( 𝑋 6 ) and income from tourism ( 𝑋 11 ) are significantly different from the other factors.