Objective To investigate different surgical procedures for treatment of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum.Methods From January 1994 to June 2008,56 cases of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum underwent different surgical procedures.There were 40 males and 16 females,aged from 43 to 76 years(average 58.1 years).The courses of disease were 3 months to 5 years,average 13.4 months.CT and MRI examinations were used to observe ossification involving levels,distributions,ossification nest shapes,spinal canal stenosis and spinal cord compression and so on.All patients were treated with en bloc or dissolved laminectomy combining with posterolateral fusion.Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score was used to evaluate postoperative outcomes.Results The patients were followed up for 18 to 70 months,with an average of 25 months.The mean JOA score increased from 6.25±2.47 preoperatively to 7.53±3.20 at the final follow-up.According to CT scans,the ossifications were divided into lateral type in 6 cases,diffuse type in 17 and thickened nodular type in 33 cases.Patients of lateral type was treated with en bloc laminectomy,and the excellent and good rate was 83.3%.In the patients of diffuse type,11 were treated with en bloc laminectomy and 6 with dissolved laminectomy,and the excellent and good rate was and 81.8% and 83.3% respectively.For patients of thickened nodular type,4 were treated with en bloc laminectomy and 29 with dissolved laminectomy,the excellent and good rate was 50% and 82.8% respectively,and 2 cases presented spinal cord injury aggravation.Conclusion En bloc laminectomy combining with lateral fusion is ideal surgical procedure for lateral type and diffuse type,dissolved laminectomy combining with laeral fusion is suitable for thickened nodular type.

Key words:
Thoracic vertebrae; Ligamentum flavum; Spinal stenosis


Abstract In this article, based on a broad review of the literature, a comprehensive overview of the global state of the art in the development of rail vehicle crashworthiness is presented. Following large number of studies on rail vehicles, this article presents a review of the crashworthiness of passenger rail vehicles from the aspects of research approaches, accident investigations, mechanism analysis of occupant injuries and train damage, strategies of occupant protection, and crashworthiness design (crash energy management design) and performance of rail vehicles in collisions. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented.


Objective: To evaluate the relationship between aortic inflammation as assessed by 18F-FDG-PET and features of coronary plaque vulnerability as assessed by FD-OCT Methods: We enrolled 30 NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI. All patients un- derwent 3-vessel OCT before intervention and 18F-FDG-PET before discharge. Univariable and C-reactive protein (CRP)-adjusted linear regression analyses were performed between features of vulnerability and 18F-FDG uptake in both ascending (AA) and descending aorta (DA) Results: On linear regression analysis TBRmean TBRmax lipid-rich p=0.047 p=0.006, Background: Cardiacinvolvementisacommoncomplicationinconnectivetissue diseases particularly in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In SSc the immuno-inflamatory damage leads to myocardial fibrosis and consequent myocardial dysfunction. The development of overt myocardial manifestation is recognized as powerful adverse prognostic factor. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic utility of cardiac 18F-FDG PET CT in patients with SSc, and to evaluate simultaneously the underlying mechanical changes in the affected myocardium using 2 Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiogra- phy (STE). Methods: 17 patients with connective tissue diseases (13 patients with SSc and 4 patients with suspected giant cell arteritis, age: 57,3±10, 77% female) where enrolled in the prospective study. All patient underwent 18F-FDG PET CT of the myocardium assessing 18-FDG uptake in kBq/cc. Within 24 hours all patients underwent comprehensive echocardiography focusing on left ventricular myocar- dial mechanics applying STE. The recommended 17 segment model was used to assess the 18F-FDG activity and for the calculation of myocardial strain too. The strain values were measured offline by available speckle tracking software (EchoPac PC version 108.1.4, GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway). Results: Among17patients5patients(29%)showedsignificantlyincreased18F-FDGactivity(18,6±6,8kBq/ccvs.7,77±3,4kBq/cc,p clinical in (CHF) The mechanisms underlying an are not completely understood. Altered sensitivity and of sleep disordered may both characterize the pathophysiology of CHF, could be reciprocally interrelated and might be worsened by anemia and iron deficiency. We hypothesized that intravenous iron therapy would favorably affect chemoreflex sensing in CHF by im- proving a deranged iron metabolism and hemoglobin concentration. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled (ferric carboxy- maltose:placebo=2:1) study investigating the effects of intravenous iron therapy on sensitivity and sleep disordered in anemic, deficient CHF with left ventricular ejection g/dL and g/dL deficiency mcg/L mcg/L transferrin saturation sensitivity assessed as the slope of the relationship between minute ventilation and the partial pressure for end-tidal CO2 during a 4-minute re-breathing of a mixture of 7% CO2 in oxygen. Breathing pattern during sleep was assessed by cardiorespiratory monitoring during the night. Examinations were performed before and one month after intravenous iron therapy targeted to re- plenish iron stores according to the Ganzoni's formula modified to for the differences of Hb reference values between genders. Clinical tests Background: The assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is clinically important to predict the severity of Heart Failure (HF) and to influence therapeu-tic strategies. Given the limitations inherent to invasive measurements, Doppler echocardiography has become the principal tool for estimation of LV pressure. However, there are many limitations to the E/Ea ratio estimation (annular site of measurements, grey zone between 8 and 15, healthy subjects, mitral valve dis-ease, regional wall motion abnormalities). TDI allows also a contemporary global longituinal systolic function assessment (Sa wave). A recent introduced dimensionless index, E/(Ea × Sa)average resulted a readily, reproducible and good predictor of LVEDP in sinus rhythm patients, regardless of LVEF, particularly in those with E/Ea average between 8 and 15 and in those with regional dysfunction. However, its prognostic role is still matter of debate. Purpose: To assess the prognostic impact of E/(Ea × Sa)average in a vast cohort of patients asymptomatic for Heart Failure. Methods: We enrolled in the study patients from a large multicenter survey on asymptomatic HF, followed up to five years. E/(Ea × Sa) average was calculated as the ratio of E velocity (pulsed wave Doppler)/(Ea and Sa) velocities on average from medial and septal annulus (TDI-pulsed wave, frame rate per second 80– 140).Primary events at follow up included: cardiac and non-cardiac deaths, pulmonary oedema, acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularizations and stroke. Secondary events were considered: worsening HF and hospitalization for any cause. Results: Of 337 patients (179 Male, 53%; 158 Female, 47%; Age 54.7±13.7 years), 218 were Hypertensive (64.7%), 39 Diabetics (11.6%), 11 (3.3%) Background: Periodic limb movement (PLM) is characterized by periodic, repet- itive and involuntary limb movements during sleep. PLM can also occur while awake, called periodic limb movement of wakefulness (PLMW). Recent re-searches focused on increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients with PLM. Periodic increases in heart rate and blood pressure associated with PLM may re-sult from adrenergic surges. However, sympathetic nerve activity of HF patients with PLMW has not been evaluated. Methods: We enrolled 51 patients with chronic HF (69±9 years; stage C; ejection fraction < 50%). Resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), anterior tib-ialis electromyogram, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and respiratory pattern were continuously monitored. MSNA was expressed as burst rate (bursts/min). PLMW was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd Edition. Results: Among 51 patients, PLMW was observed in 19 patients (37%). Mean blood pressure, plasma BNP level, use of loop diuretics and use of digitalis were higher, and physical activity was lower in patients with PLMW than in those with- out PLMW. MSNA was significantly higher in patients with PLMW than in the remaining patients (44±17 vs 31±16 bursts/min, p=0.008). During the day follow-up period, 8 patients (16%) were hospitalized due to HF. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that HF admission rate was higher in the PLMW group than in the remaining group (p=0.012). Odds ratio for HF of PLMW was 6.9 (p=0.017; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–51.7). Purpose: To identify effective clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnosis of cardiotoxicity of anthracycline polychemotherapy for breast cancer Methods: We examined 81 patients with breast cancer in the II-IV stages in the age range 30–59 years (mean age 49 years), received 6 chemotherapy courses of CAF scheme. Comprehensive survey before and after the course of therapy included an analysis of complaints, evaluation of numeric rating scale (the NRS), defining levels of endothelin 1, troponin T and I, creatine phosphokinase, NT-pro- BNP, myoglobin, lipids, coagulation, ECG, Holter ECG monitoring, 2D echocardiography, ultrasound vascular endothelial function. Results: Informative modified toxicity scale was significantly greater than the information content of oral questioning in the registration of complaints of palpita- tions (0.164 and 0.101, respectively), and cardialgia (1.166 and 0.937 respec-tively). Found a significant inverse correlation between microalbuminuria (MAU) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery (-0.232, p=0,039; Se 94%, Sp 65%) at a total dose of doxorubicin > 300mg/m 2 . Acceptable sensi- tivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cardiovascular lesions detected for endothelin 1 (Se 100%; Sp 64%) and NT-pro-BNP (Se 72,7%; Sp 92,9%). To reg- ister for the acute and early cumulative cardiotoxicity most informative for registration extra beats were Holter monitor (J=0,564), for the registration of conduc- tion disorders and disturbances of repolarization – the monthly performance of the ECG (J=0,023). Informative tissue Doppler echocardiography (J=0,178) three times superior to the


water jets have been widely used as a normal measure in dredging engineering.The result of an experimental study of the erosion of sand bed by impinging vertical plane jets at a height in order to explore the depth of the scour hole is presented,particularly the development of scour within short time is shown,finally a semi-empirical formula is gotten.


strongly associated with the use of epidural anesthesia and also are plausible causes of nons pont an eo us delivery. The authors elect to control for these confounding variables by using stratified analysis. While stratified analysis is useful for evaluating the individual contribution of each confounding variable examined in isolation, this method is inadequate for analyzing the simultaneous contribution of all confounding variables. Stratified analysis does not, therefore, provide an odds ratio adjusted for the cumulative effect of all identified confounding variables.2 The authors cite Blake's article on stratified analysis to support their methodology,3 but Blake himself cautions in the conclusion to his article that "multiple regression is often superior to stratified analysis when there is a need to assess conjoint confounding by two or more variables."(p 225) We, are confused why the authors' presentation of their regression analysis is so cursory. While their report devotes considerable text and seven figures to stratified analysis, their presentation of multifactorial analysis is limited to the comment that "regression analysis for all these factors failed to eliminate the increased odds ratios for patients who received epidural anesthesia."(p 241) Exactly which factors were included in the regression analysis? Was the analysis limited to only six variables described as showing effect modification on stratified analysis (an entirely different phenomenon than confounding), or were all variables associated with epidural use included in the regression analysis? Why are no actual numerical values provided for the adjusted odds ratio and P value calculated by regression analysis? And lastly, why does the methods section make no mention of the statistical model and instruments used for the regression analysis? The decision by a woman and her physician to use epidural anesthesia in labor is often a difficult one. The published research on the impact of epidural anesthesia on labor outcomes remains clouded by conflicting conclusions, widely variant obstetrical practice patterns, and poor study designs. There has never been-and for ethical reasons, is unlikely ever to be-a randomized controlled trial of epidural anesthesia in labor that could accurately evaluate the independent contribution of this intervention to labor outcomes. Unfortunately, because of the many methodological problems we have discussed, we believe the study by Niehaus and colleagues cannot meaningfully contribute to clarifying the risks and benefits of epidural anesthesia. It would be unfortunate if family physicians seeking guidance in this area interpreted this study as a compelling reason to withhold epidural anesthesia in instances in which its use might prove advantageous. Kevin Grumbach, M.D. Ya'aqov Abrams, M.D. San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco References 1. Niehaus LS, Chaska BW, Nesse RE. The effects of epidural anesthesia on type of delivery. J Am Bd Fam Pract 1988; 1:238-44. 2. Newman TB, Browner WS, Hulley SB. Enhancing causal inference in observational studies. In: Hulley SB, Cummings SR, eds. Designing clinical research: an epidemiologic approach. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988:98109. 3. Blake RL. The use of stratified analysis to detect confounding and interaction in primary care research. Fam Pract Res J 1985; 4:219-25.


Based on several altered rocks in the Chambishi copper deposit and the spectral characteristics of the rocks existing in VNIR-SWIR bands of ASTER data,the authors adopted the methods of Relative absorption-Band Depth(RBD)and band ratio to enhance the mineral alteration information in this paper.The band ratio of ASTER 2/ASTER 1 and the RBD of ASTER 3 were used to enhance the chalcopyrite and pyrite information,the RBD of ASTER 8 was used to enhance biotite and calcite information,and the RBD of ASTER 6 was used to enhance the sericite information.To improve the existing method of Crosta principal component analysis,the authors applied the combination of the enhanced band ratio and RBD to Crosta method with the purpose of extracting the alteration information of the copper deposit and neighborhood areas in Chambishi.As proved by known copper deposit locations and geological analysis,the methods mentioned above can effectively extract the alteration information and distinguish the main minerals in the study area.The results are reliable,thus supplying references to the extraction of alteration information.


Abstract : A general overview of the AUTODIN II computer communications network is given. The proposed hierarchical routing algorithm is discussed with detailed explanation of each of the six modules. The GPSS simulation language is discussed with particular emphasis on how it was used in the simulation program to model the AUTODIN II network. Examples of various computer simulation runs are given with detail on how the program was changed to simulate the various traffic volume changes and network topology changes. An analysis section discusses packet delay and defines two parameters which are used to determine the adaptability of the routing algorithm. The report concludes with conclusions on the algorithm's ability to adapt to traffic volume fluctuations and network topology changes. Recommendations on further simulation exercises and possible changes to network connectivity and to the routing algorithm itself are also given in the last section. (Author)


A simulation model was developed and tested for the Casualty Receiving Centre of the Alfred Hospital. A time study was conducted to measure the flow characteristics of motor‐car crash patients through the Centre. The simulation model was used to investigate changes in patient waiting times due to variations in manpower.


The present paper contains de experience of teaching earth building architecture and construction for students of schools of architecture at the city of Santiago of Chile since 1993 . The character of the course , objectives , edagogical methods and contains are the result of the cooperation of traditional architecture , practical and field teaching building construction prototypes and parts of buildings by the students themselves . Very important to the positive result of these courses has been the information that came from CYTED program , specifically net HABITERRA since 1990 until year 2000 and now PROTERRA project from the same program .


Administrative Appeals Tribunal, D K Grigg, 2 August 2019. Ministerial permission to use the word "trustee" in a company name


Using the invariance of the algebraic equations and the differential equations under the infinitesimal transformations,we study the Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of the nonholonomic systems with servoconstraints.We establish the determining equations,the restriction equations and the structure equation,and give the form of conserved quantities.


Let (2 be a convex domain with real analytic boundary which is a generalized type of the complex ellipsoid. Then the approximation theorem in the Hr-sense holds in O. Introduction. Let G be a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in C" with smooth boundary. Then Stout [3] proved that the approximation theorem in the Hr-sense, 1 p<co, holds in G. Beatrous[1] studied the approximation theorem in a weighted Bergman space. In the present paper, we shall prove that the results of Stout are also true for some convex domain S2 with real analytic boundary. That is, the following theorem holds. THEOREM. If f E HP(n), 1 p< co, then there exists a sequence {fn} in 0(C2) that converges in the Hr-sense to f. Finally we shall adopt the convention of denoting by c any positive constant which does not depend on the relevant parameters in the estimate. 1 Preliminaries. Let si, 1 i n, be real analytic functions in an interval [0, ad such that ( i) s;(t) 0, s;(t)+ 2ts7(t) >0 for 0 < t< (ii) si(0) = 0, si(ai) >1. Let (2 be a bounded domain in C" of the type r2={z: p(z)< where P(z)=isi(lzi 12)-1 for z=(zi, , zn). For example,


ABSTRACT Individuals with low self-esteem (LSE) may be devalued, whereas individuals with high self-esteem (HSE) are typically praised in Western society. People readily infer traits based on impressions of self-esteem. Across two studies, we address whether impressions of a hypothetical target person's self-esteem influence judgments beyond the target's personality. Results revealed that the target's self-esteem influenced impressions of personality not only of the target, but of their mother and best friend. Moreover, when the target was portrayed as having LSE compared to HSE, participants made more pessimistic estimates of imagined future experiences with the target, even when the controllability of events varied. Overall, impressions of a target's self-esteem spread beyond the target, influencing perceptions of their close associates and future events.


Editor's note: With this issue, we begin a new annual column devoted to describing notable features of health sciences library building projects. The column, to run each July, supersedes previous periodic surveys of the health sciences building landscape. It will be accompanied by a website, as described below, with more information on building projects and tools for those who are under taking renovations or new construction.


Emergency abdominal surgery , 3rd edn, PF Jones, ZH Krukowski, GG Youngson, eds, xxii + 556, illus. Chapman and Hall Medical, 1998. £45, paperback. ISBN: 0 412 81950 3.★★★

This is a useful handbook for any specialist registrar in general surgery. Indeed, with the reduction of on-call duties and duration of training, many registrars have much less experience of emergency surgery during their training, making …


Payload container and system for delivering a payload to a wellbore, the payload container includes a blister container having a cavity formed therein and an edge about the perimeter of the cavity, one or more payload substances contained within the cavity, a lidding material to cover the cavity, and optionally, an adhesive to bond the lidding material to the edge of the cavity, so that the one or more payload substances can be released in response to an external stimulus. The wellbore payload delivery system includes a plurality of payload containers and a pump system for injecting the one or more payload containers into a wellbore, the pump system has a pump and a length of tubing coupled with the pump and extending to a zone of a subterranean formation adjacent to the wellbore.


This service activity is a downstreaming of research results by involving PKK in making soap from pineapple weevil extract (waste from pineapple processing). The purpose of this activity is to create entrepreneurs and improve the welfare of the community. Service activities are carried out with the debriefing method regarding the knowledge and skills of making antibacterial dish soap, packaging, product marketing. The results of this program are that the community can produce antibacterial dish soap, increase community welfare, and the formation of MSMEs.


Animal growth and development are complex and sophisticated biological metabolic processes, in which genes plays an important role. In this paper, we employed real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to analyze the expression levels of hepatic GHR, JAK2 and IGF-I genes in 1, 30, 180 day of Bama minipig and Landrace with attempt to verify the correlation between the expression of these growth-associated genes and the dwarfism phenotype of Bama minipig. The results showed that the expression levels of these 3 genes in Bama minipigs were down-regulated expressed from 1 day to 30 day, and which was up-regulated expressed in Landrace. The expression levels of the 3 genes on 1, 30, 180 day were prominently higher in Landrace than in Bama minipigs. The significant differences of the 3 genes expression levels on 1 day between this two breeds indicate that different expressions of these genes might occur before birth. It is speculated that the down-regulated expression of the 3 genes may have a close correlation with the dwarfism phenotype of Bama minipig. More investigations in depth of this study is under progress with the help of biochip nanotechnology.


This paper is concerned with H2/H∞ control of a new class of stochastic systems. The most distinguishing feature, compared with the existing literature, is that the systems are described by backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) with Brownian motion and random jumps. It is shown that the backward stochastic H2/H∞ control under consideration is associated with the L2-gain of the corresponding uncontrolled backward stochastic perturbed system. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique solution to the control problem under consideration is derived. The resulting solution is characterized by the solution of an uncontrolled forward backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) with Brownian motion and random jumps. When the coefficients are all deterministic, the equivalent linear feedback solution involves a pair of Riccati‐type equations and an uncontrolled BSDE. In addition an uncontrolled forward stochastic differential equation (SDE) is given.


We present an analysis of new and archival photometric and spectroscopic observations of the symbiotic star AG Draconis. This binary has undergone several 1 - 3 mag optical and ultraviolet eruptions during the past 15 years. Our combination of optical and ultraviolet spectroscopic data allow a more complete analysis of this system than in previous papers. AG Dra is composed of a K-type bright giant M(sub g) approximately 1.5 solar mass) and a hot, compact star M(sub h approximatelly 0.4 - 0.6 solar mass) embedded in a dense, low metallicity nebula. The hot component undergoes occasional thermonuclear runaways that produce 2 - 3 mag optical/ultraviolet eruptions. During these eruptions, the hot component develops a low velocity wind that quenches x-ray emission from the underlying hot white dwarf. The photoionized nebula changes its volume by a factor of 5 throughout an eruptin cycle. The K bright giant occults low ionization emission lines during superior conjunctions at all outburst phases but does not occult high ionization lines in outburst (and perhaps quiescence). This geometry and the component masses suggest a system inclination of i approximately 30 deg - 45 deg.


By the late Soviet period, the gender contract established after the revolution had created a situation in which the simple act of shopping for basic, everyday goods carried different meanings for men and women, promoting male passivity and female responsibility within the family.


In a pipeline arithmetic apparatus, an arithmetic operation is divided into a plurality of stages and processed in an overlapping manner in each of the stages. Arithmetic circuits are provided each in association with each stage. Registers hold control information indicating the contents of arithmetic operations to the individual arithmetic circuits or to a predetermined number of the arithmetic circuits, respectively. The control information held by each of the registers is supplied to the associated arithmetic circuit or circuits straight-forwardly or after having been decoded to command the arithmetic operation to be executed by each of the arithmetic circuits. The control information held by each of the registers as well as the output from each of the arithmetic circuits is transferred to the registers and the arithmetic circuits of the succeeding stages, respectively.


The numerical simulation finite element program of 3 D displacement field during solidification of steel castings has been developed in this paper. In the calculation, the visco elastic plastic model is applied in the semi solid temperature interval and the elastic plastic model is applied in the region of solid phase; The initial strain method is used to calculate the temperature load; the unknown displacement is solved by applying the increment stiffness changeable method. Satisfactory simulation results have been achieved. This analysis is a basis of the simulation of stress field and a prediction of hot tearing during solidification of steel castings.


MR. ARMSTRONG'S extremely able 'Comment'2 has done much to clarify in my own mind the essence of his original article and the issues on which my position differed, or should have differed, from his own. I am grateful for the clarity of his presentation, and thank him for providing me with the opportunity to reformulate my position in what I hope will be a more revealing way. My 'Rejoinder' will parallel Armstrong's 'Comment' and deal in the same order with the three subjects he discusses there: (1) a criticism of one of his demonstrations; (2) the question of whether the basic conclusions of his article follow from his axioms; and (3) the significance for his thesis of my psychological interdictions against the concept of marginal preference. I Armstrong defends his demonstration purporting to show that the assumption of intransitivity of indifference itself (i.e. without the concept of marginal preference) suffices for a more powerful analysis of groupwelfare scales than under the traditional assumption of transitivity. It might be worth while to reproduce the issue. Consider the two man group consisting of individuals ot and A. The problem is to rank social states A and B on a group-welfare scale. Individual ox prefers A to B, while individual P prefers B to A. By traditional analysis, no ranking is defined for such a situation. Armstrong demonstrates that incorporation of the assumption of intransitivity of indifference into the analysis succeeds in achieving a ranking. He introduces 'situations' C and D. Individual a prefers A to C and C to B; P is indifferent between A and D, and between D and B (while, consistently, preferring B to A). He then speaks about 'situation C for a combined with situation D for A'. oz prefers A to such a 'combination' and prefers the combination to B; P is indifferent between the 'combination' and A, and also between the 'combination' and B. A is therefore group-preferred to the 'combination', and the 'combination' is group-preferred to B. So, since preferenceeven if not indifference-is transitive, A is group-preferred to B.


Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) are widely used in humanoid and exoskeletons for force and mobility assistance due to its characteristic of working in agonistic-antagonistic way. PAM technology is currently under study and facing problems such as low efficiency and less actuation. At Robolab Technologies, PAMs are used in our exoskeleton system called Assistive Pneumatic Muscle Arm (APMA) and has countered such problems. This paper gives the pattern of change in actuation of PAM due to change in physical parameters. Effects of change in system pressure, external load, actuator length and components dimensions such as braided mesh tube dimensions and silicone tube dimensions of PAM are studied in detail using an experimental setup. The setup is designed to make the PAM systems efficient and to get the generalized parameters while designing PAM systems as per requirement. Hence this paper can be referred while designing the PAM system to decide physical parameters of the actuator for corresponding required payload and system pressure to optimize the system and increase its efficiency by 8% to 10% than normal PAM actuators.


Background: Young people whose parents are separated or divorced form a significant and increasing proportion of young people who attend school. To date, empirical research with young people whose parents are separated or divorced has tended to focus on either their household context, or their school context, rather than on both contexts together. This paper redresses this singular focus by examining the intersection of the experiences of young people at both home and school. Purpose: The paper seeks to map the empirical evidence of young people's home and school experiences as they move between households and schools. Sources of evidence: The paper provides a narrative review of the literature from the 1990s to the present, locating Australian research within an international context. The review is framed by four main questions. What is the impact upon young people of the family transitions that occur when parents separate or divorce? What is the everyday impact upon young people of moving between one household and another? What does the research reveal regarding educational, social and emotional outcomes for this group? What does the research reveal regarding their school experiences? Main argument: The review reveals a paucity of Australian research at the intersection of home and school. It shows that, while young people from these contexts form a growing proportion of the school population, there is little empirical evidence of what is actually occurring in their everyday lives. The review reveals the importance of researching from the perspectives of the young people themselves. Conclusions: Evidence provided in the paper shows that many young people whose parents separate or divorce are affected socially, emotionally and educationally. Such evidence points to the need for research into the everyday experiences of the young people at school, in order to identify, from their perspective, how schools can better cater for these young people and their families.


The functional formalism for turbulence mechanics originated with Hopf is generalized in such a way that it can embrace a space-time correlation tensor of turbulent fields, i.e. correlation tensor between non-simultaneous fields, and furthermore any external random forcing field can be taken into account in the formalism. The first work in this direction was recently done by Lewis and Kraichnan, but here the theory is more compactly and generally developed together with the deduction of a general solution of the full basic functional equations in terms of functional integration .


In protected cultivation of short-day (SD) plants, flowering can be inhibited by lighting from incandescent (INC) lamps during the night. INC lamps are being phased out of production and replaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), but an effective spectrum to control flowering has not been thoroughly examined. We quantified how the red (R (600 to 700 nm)) to far red (FR (700 to 800 nm)) ratio (R:FR) of photoperiodic lighting from LEDs influenced flowering and extension growth of SD plants. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ·morifolium), dahlia (Dahlia hortensis), and african marigold (Tagetes erecta) were grown at 20 8C under a 9-hour day with or without a 4-hour night interruption (NI) treatment by INC lamps or LEDs with seven different R:FR ranging from all R to all FR. Flowering in the most sensitive species, chrysanthemum, was not inhibited by an R:FR of 0.28 or lower, whereas an R:FR of 0.66 or above reduced flowering percentage. Flowering in dahlia was incomplete under the FR-only NI and under SDs, but time to flower was similar under the remaining NI treatments. The least sensitive species, african marigold, flowered under all treatments, but flowering was most rapid under the FR-only NI and under SDs. For all species, stem length increased quadratically as the R:FR of the NI increased, reaching a maximum at R:FR of '0.66. We conclude that in these SD plants, a moderate to high R:FR (0.66 or greater) is most effective at interrupting the long night, blue light is not needed to interrupt the night, and FR light alone does not regulate flowering.


Doctoral studies in the Czech Republic are highly individualized with little coursework outside the supervisor/supervisee dyad, and the PhD students are mandated to publish prior to the dissertation defense. This mandate is troublesome because writing development has been on the fringes of the Czech education culture. In addition, the publications often must be in English, and many doctoral students struggle with English. In this exploratory study, we examined how this mandate translates into practice, how doctoral students learn to meet the requirements and how university administrators/supervisors perceive doctoral writing development. To answer our questions, we interviewed 7 university administrators/dissertation supervisors and 7 doctoral students from various backgrounds and universities, looking for diverse views on the issue. Our analysis confirmed the formal status of supervisors as the key doctoral writing literacy brokers. While the supervisors acknowledged their role, they also tended to view doctoral writing as a matter of self-study and funding, thus indirectly emphasising the publication outcomes. In contrast, doctoral students called for structured support of their writing processes. We propose a systemic approach to introduce writing pedagogies into the Czech discourse. With this study we hope to contribute to research on doctoral writing for publication of EAL (English as an Additional Language) students in Central Europe.


Abstract The covalent casting of a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonding motif permits the design of oligomers possessing a predetermined duplex mode of aggregation. In this account, studies on the hydrogen bond mediated self-assembly of dimeric duplex oligomers 2 in solution are described. Two-fold self-association in solution is established by 1 H NMR, and the intended mode of assembly is further corroborated via X-ray crystallographic analysis. An increase in interstrand affinity of over three orders of magnitude is observed upon substitution of nitrogen for oxygen in the oligomer backbone, owing to preorganization of the molecular strand in the binding effective conformation as directed by the formation of an internal hydrogen bond. These data provide insight into the structural and interactional features of the oligomers required for high affinity/specificity binding in organic media.


Taking Question C in 2004's China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling as an example, this paper makes an analysis and comparison of how to solve nonlinear curve fits by means of three commonly used mathematical software (LINGO,Mathematica,MATLAB).


Influences of recycle and second grade water spraying on semi dry flue gas desulfurization efficiency have been experimentally investigated. The results show that both of them can enhance SO 2 removal. It is concluded that at suitable process condition and additives as high as 90% efficiency can be got. Figs4, table 1 and refs 4.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between a number of support givers and satisfaction in receiving support toward the degree of depression in mothers who have mentally retarded children. This study is an on-experimental analytic correlation with cross sectional design. The sample of the study consisted of 31 mothers chosen with purposive sampling technique. Research instruments used in this study were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). Data analysis used Pearson Product Moment. There was no association between quantity of support givers and degree of depression on the respondents. There was a significant negative association between satisfaction in receiving social support and degree of depression on the repondents. Keywords: social support, depression, mentally retarded children


Abstract : This report presents the results of particulate emission testing done on a single oil fired steam boiler at Bolling AFB, Washington DC. Testing was done at three different heat input loadings as requested by the Washington District Commission. Particulate emissions varied from 0.055 pounds/Million British Thermal Units (lbs/MBTU) to 0.080 lbs/MBTU. The unit was found to be in compliance with District of Columbia standards which ranged from 0.072 lbs/MBTU to 0.086 lbs/MBTU Emission data are compared with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published emission factors for similar units.


Guest Area Editor: Ralf van der Lans Health organizations stimulate the development of low-fat variants to fight the obesity epidemic. We examine the effectiveness of this policy by studying the shortand long-term consequences of the first low-fat purchase on subsequent purchased volume and calories. Using a structural break analysis, we show that purchases increase in the short run after the first low-fat purchase, thereby confirming the single-occasion overconsumption effect of low-fat as shown in the experimental literature. Importantly, our results also show a significant positive long-term effect, which suggests that overpurchasing persists in the long run. In addition, our findings show that the long-term overpurchasing after the first low-fat purchase is solely due to the overpurchasing of low-fat items and not of regular items. These results provide support for the overgeneralization of claim effects and habit formation resulting in the enduring effect of healthier variants of unhealthy food. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


To study the effect of local airway obstruction on gas exchange, balloon catheters were inflated in segmental, lobar, or left main bronchi. Three techniques were used: an inert gas method to determine the distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios, radioactive microspheres to measure regional blood flow, and a mass spectrometer to measure alveolar Po2 and alveolar Pco2 in obstructed segments. Obstruction of segmental bronchi produced no shunt or measurable change in the distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios. Obstruction of a lobar bronchus produced a shunt, but this was considerably less than the blood flow in the lobe before bronchial obstruction, as measured by injected radioactive microspheres. The degree of decrease in blood flow with bronchial obstruction diminished as the volume of obstructed lung increased. Alveolar gas analysis in obstructed segments showed that the inspired Po2 and Pco2 of the obstructed region were very close to the end-tidal Po2 and Pco2 values of the unobstructed lung...


Classification is not new in this middleware area. Many authors have suggests classifying by various communication techniques, protocols (session versus sessionless), the programming interface, [5], specific categories included database-oriented, virtual system, middle-tier, gateways, and Web-enabled [25], communication with programming execution and number of participants [32], or ten specific categories [21]. While these classifications cover many aspects of middleware, we will describe a different approach. The term middleware has been used to describe many different types of software products. Middleware is essentially supplementary software that connects two or more software together. Since there is wide variety of software included under this big umbrella called middleware, categories need to be assigned to further describe and delineate each of these types. The current literature has provided several ways to classify these packages. These classifications seem to be conflicting and do not cover all the types of middleware available today. Difficulties in classifying middleware are further exasperated by the fact that some middleware can perform more than one service. We will show in this paper, a taxonomy based on the way each middleware either assists an application or helps with the integration of multiple software into a system. 2 TAXONOMY OF MIDDLEWARE In this proposed taxonomy of middleware, there are two major categories: integration type and application type. We further describe each of these subcategories in detail in the following subsections. Figure 1 displays this proposed taxonomy.


(51) Int. Cl. .................................................. C11D 3/44 ontaminant Solubilizing compositions are provided that are (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ 510/417. 510,363 C lubil ded th Suitable for use in a variety of textile applications, including (58) Field of Search ................................. 510/407, 417, itable for use i ietv of textile applications, includi dyeing applications. The contaminant Solubilizing compo 510/276,363 Sitions generally include at least one C to C. ester of lactic (56) References Cited acid, at least one Surfactant and at least one Solvent. The contaminant Solubilizing compositions may be used either U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS alone or within larger textile cleaning compositions to


A mechanism is proposed for binding exception handlers to exceptions. Hierarchical exception classes can be defined and changed during program execution. In addition, the action taken when an exception of a particular class is raised depends upon the type of the current exception handler for that class. The mechanism can be implemented in programming languages that allow runtime determination of an identifier's binding; most dynamically scoped programming languages meet this criterion.


Objective: To study the osteogenetic effect,the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and their correlation in repairing mandible defects in rabbits with bone graft, which was constructed by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) of different concentration and xenograft demineralized bone, at the same time, to explore the repair mechanism of bFGF combined with xenograft demineralized bone. Methods: 15mm×5mm bilateral mandibular periosteum bone defects were made surgically in 33 New Zealand adult rabbits and each defect as an experimental unit.Four groups (the group I-IV) of 48 defects were grafted with bFGF of different concentration (0.1~100ng/mm3) reconstituted in xenograft demineralized bone. The group V of 6 rabbits (12 defects) was grafted with autogenous mandibular bone and xenograft demineralized bone in bilateral defects randomly. The group VI of 3 rabbits (6 defects) was grafted with nothing as the control. Four weeks after, the specimens were harvested and processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations.The bone formation was evaluated grossly and histologically, the amount of newly formed bone and the percentage of positive staining area were quantified by image analysis. Then the correlation between levels of VEGF production and the amounts of newly formed bone was also analyzed by statistics software. Results: The results showed that bFGF reconstituted in xenograft demineralized bone markedly up-regulated the expression of VEGF in the grafted area, and had two-phase dosage effect as well as its osteoinductive capability: an increase trend during low dose region (the concentration of bFGF combinated with xenograft demineralized bone was less than 10ng/mm3), and the decrease one during high dose region (the concentration was more than 10ng/mm3). A close correlation existed between levels of VEGF production and the amounts of newly formed bone. Conclusion: bFGF augments the healing of xenograft demineralized bone by enhancing vascularization through the up-regulation of VEGF.


Ab initio band structure results of polyfuran (PFU) and polythiophene (PTP) obtained with a double zeta basis set are reported. The electronic density of states (DOS) of the various quasi‐one‐dimensional copolymers (superlattices) of the type (AmBn)x (A=furan; B=thiophene) have been calculated numerically within the ab initio self‐consistent field (SCF) tight binding approximation. These copolymers on the basis of the band positions of PFU and PTP are found to belong to the class of type I superlattices. The trends in their electronic structure and conduction properties as a function of (i) composition (m/n); (ii) block sizes m and n; and (iii) arrangement of the blocks in the copolymer chain are discussed.


Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs, characterized by increased sensitivity to bronchoconstriction associated with infiltration of immune cells and mucus hyper secretion. In South Africa, the indigenous plant Siphonochilus aethiopicus, is used by traditional health practitioners to treat colds and flu, wheezing of the chest, coughs, influenza, sinus problems and mild asthma. In this study we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties of S. aethiopicus in vitro. The dried and powdered S. aethiopicus plant material was extracted with organic solvents. The dried extracts were screened in vitro in the transcription response, NF-κB and a cytokine assay. Significant activity was observed for organic extracts of the plant in these assays. This study provides evidence that S. aethiopicus has anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing properties in vitro. These findings may support anecdotal accounts of its effectiveness against allergic asthma.


Different cultured cell types posses receptors recognizing different carbohydrate moieties on lysosomal enzymes (glycoproteins) for adsorptive endocytosis. By using glycoproteins and sugars as inhibitors and by enzymatic modulation of lysosomal enzymes it could be shown that fibroblasts recognize on lysosomal enzymes terminal mannose 6-phosphate residues whereas non parenchymal liver cells recognize terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues. Hepatocytes recognize galactose, mannose 6-phosphate and possibly mannose/N-acetylglucosamine residues on lysosomal enzymes. As liver is the major organ for lysosomal enzyme uptake from blood a calculation was done on the basis of these experiments to predict the uptake of different lysosomal enzymes by hepatocytes and non parenchymal liver cells after in vivo administration for enzyme replacement therapy. Whereas α-N-acetylglucosaminidase is taken up by hepatocytes to 74 % the bulk of α-mannosidase (85 %) and of ß-hexosaminidase (65 %) is taken up by non parenchymal liver cells. The results show that the cell specific uptake depends on the carbohydrate structure of the enzymes and underlines the need for organ specific targeting of the lysosomal enzymes.


Abstract Lactating cows were chosen for high or low susceptibility to bloat from within herds bred for high (HS) and low susceptibility (LS) for about three generations. For 4 experimental weeks they were allocated to a latin-square change-over design consisting of four feed treatments. The treatments were one of ad libitum hay and three levels of a lucerne diet — 15 kg or 30 kg fresh material per day or ad libitum. Eight cows per herd were used, two per herd being allotted each week to each feed treatment. The objective was to compare HS and LS cows for food intake, empty liveweight, bloat score, heart girth, rib girths before and after feeding, saliva proteins, and three blood components. HS cows were 41 kg (12.1%) lighter than LS cows and 7.5 cm (4.5%) smaller in heart girth. Pre-feeding rib girths were not significantly different. However, adjusting the pre-feeding rib girths for heart girth by linear regression, the rib girths were respectively 193.7 and 187.8 cm, a difference of 3.1% (P < 0.06). The...


Planning local community development is an important process in order to increase the decentralization process in Cameroon. The involvement of the population is important so that their real needs can be found in the local plan.   However, participation of the population is not really massive especially in non- centralized societies. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that can influence an individual's participation in the materialisation of the planning process at the village level. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 108 respondents in the Bonalea and Dibamba councils. To determine the characteristics that can influence their participation in the planning process, binary logistic regression was employed. The findings reveal that an individual's implication is influenced by his or her affiliation (membership) with a farmer's group as well as his or her knowledge of the program's activities. This suggests that the government should increase sensitization or awareness creation about the program's activities and the benefits of being a member of a farmer's organisation. The family's origins influenced their participation. A non-native of a locality does not consider it important to participate in any development process in their host locality, implying the need for the government to implement a special plan for non-indigenes in localities, such as refugees.


Monte Carlo methods are used to obtain thermodynamic data for a classical RKKY model of CuMn (0.9 at.%). Comparison is made with experimental susceptibility data for CuMn (1 at.%) and with previous Monte Carlo studies of the Edwards-Anderson model of a Heisenberg spin glass.


Have conflicts around issues of housing given rise to ?social movements?, in the USA? Looking at the expectations for broad social change that have been attached to such movements in the recent past, the answer would have to be that housing alone has never provided the core of such a movement. However, an extensive review of the history of struggles around housing in the USA over the last two centuries suggests that housing issues can, under certain circumstances, become the subject of social struggles in which residents, as residents, can play a significant role in confronting systemic societal problems. Those circumstances are ones in which class (labor, employment, production) issues are linked to ideological/political issues, with housing issues as a major point of contact.


The Upper Cambrian faunas of Scandinavia are generally dominated by olenid trilobites, which provide a firm basis for the biostratigraphic classification. The olenids tend, however, to be provincial and facies controlled. By contrast, many agnostoid genera and species have a nearly worldwide distribution and are excellent biostratigraphic indices in Middle and Upper Cambrian strata. Three distinctive and geographically widely distributed agnostoid species are known from the lower part of the Upper Cambrian in Scandinavia: Linguagnostus reconditus POLETAEVA and ROMANENKO, 1970, Aspidagnostus lunulosus (KRYSKOV in Borovikov and Kryskov, 1963), and Glyptagnostus reticulatus (ANGELIN, 1851). They are the most valuable species available for correlations with Upper Cambrian deposits outside Baltica. L. reconditus is seemingly confined to the Agnostus pisiformis Zone and provides strong evidence for correlation of that zone with the recently defined L. reconditus Zone of Peng and Robison. G. reticulatus appears in the Olenus gibbosus Subzone and ranges up into the O. wahlenbergi Subzone, suggesting that the lower part of the Olenus/Agnostus (Homagnostus) obesus Zone correlates with the G. reticulatus Zone in, e.g., Australia, China, and Kazakhstan. The presence of A. lunulosus in the O. gibbosus Subzone provides additional evidence for this correlation. Higher in the sequence agnostoids become rare, and the species recorded from the medial and upper Upper Cambrian of Baltica permit only broad correlations with other continents.


This article researches on deepening educational reform,developing vocational skills and school-enterprise cooperation. Based on the training model reform of mechanical product design and digital manufacture curricula,and through the practice in work-integrated learning,school-enterprise cooperation,the reform can improve the students of professional quality and the capability of sustainable development


The quasi-lipoxygenase activity of haemoglobin differs in many respects from the well-known haemin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation (1-4), especially in its high substrate specificity for unsaturated fatty acids containing one 1,4-pentadiene system (dienoic fatty acids). In this report a structural model for the fatty acid haem interaction based on quantum-chemical calculations is presented which show that only dienoic fatty acids are bound to the haem in such a way that the initial hydrogen abstraction that is necessary for the over-all reaction, is favoured sterically and energetically.


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) proven fact as strong association with oxidative stress. Methods: Total number of 200 patients was studied, comprising of 100 healthy controls and 100 COPD cases. Among 100 COPD cases diagnosed, 50 were of chronic bronchitis cases and 50 were emphysema cases. Patient's serum was estimated for vitaminC, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and MDA. Results: In comparison to controls, levels of reduced glutathione, Vit-C and SOD activity are significantly decreased in COPD cases. In emphysema patients also there was significant decrease in erythrocyte reduced glutathione, vitamin C and SOD activity. In comparison to chronic bronchitis cases there was significant increase in MDA in emphysema patients when compared to chronic bronchitis patients. Conclusion: Imbalance in antioxidants status of erythrocyte reduced glutathione, SOD activity and vitC in COPD patients is mainly a consequence of increased oxidative stress, which can be corrected by dietary supplements. Author Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, L.B.Nagar, Hyderabad. Telangana. India.


An open-loop switch-capacitor detection circuit with high resolution and low noise is proposed for a butterfly accelerometer. This paper introduced the composition and realization principle of the system, proposed a C/V detection structure and a filter with high Q value. The preamplifier adopted the folded cascode structure with the gain enhancement technology to achieve high GBW and improved the phase margin. The input common mode feedback helps to achieve a high linearity detection and have an ideal dynamic detection range. All of the voltage and current are supplied by the reference source with low temperature coefficient. Under the Cadence Design System, the spectre circuit simulation is performed based on the 0.6um CMOS standard process model. The results show the detection range of the Accelerometer is±0.1pF, sensitivity is 25V/pF, output noise is within 0.4uV/Hz1/2. Keywords-butterfly accelerometer; switch-capacitor detection; gain-enhancement; common mode feedback


The (e,..cap alpha..) cross section in /sup 90/Zr has been measured at incident electron energies from 13.5 MeV to 66.5 MeV for ..cap alpha.. particles between 6.9 and 16.8 MeV. The (..gamma..,..cap alpha..) cross section was deduced from it assuming both E1 interaction and E2 interaction. The angular distribution of the (..gamma..,..cap alpha../sub 0/) cross section and an experiment using the bremsstrahlung plus electron beam make it clear that the E1 interaction is dominant over all the present energy range. The (..gamma..,..cap alpha..) cross section extracted by using E1 virtual photon spectra has a large bump above the excitation energy of 30 MeV in addition to a bump in the giant dipole resonance region. The (..gamma..,..cap alpha../sub 0/) cross section also has a bump at the giant dipole resonance which exhausts most of the (..gamma..,..cap alpha..) cross section in that region. The compound nucleus model was used successfully to explain the bump at the giant dipole resonance. The cross section above 30 MeV is discussed in terms of the pre-equilibrium ..cap alpha.. emission process combined with the quasi-deuteron model.


The disclosure provides and treats and/or prevents nephrotic syndrome, such as, but not limited to the nephrotic syndrome relevant to minimal change and membranous nephropathy and the symptom of being correlated with nephrotic syndrome, such as but do not limit polypeptide and the method for proteinuria and oedema and diabetic nephropathy, diabetes, lupus nephritis or primary glomerular disease.The disclosure provides the method reducing proteinuria and other morbid state as discussed herein further.These class methods comprise sends Angptl4 polypeptide or Angptl4 polypeptide derivative to subject.


It is shown that for a normal subgroup N of a group G , G/N cyclic, the kernel of the map N ab →G ab satisfies the classical Hilbert 90 property (cf. Theorem A). As a consequence, if G is finitely generated, |G:N|<∞ , and all abelian groups H ab , N⊆H⊆G , are torsion free, then N ab must be a pseudo‐permutation module for G/N (cf. Theorem B). From Theorem A, one also deduces a non‐trivial relation between the order of the transfer kernel and co‐kernel which determines the Hilbert–Suzuki multiplier (cf. Theorem C). Translated into a number‐theoretical setting, one obtains a strong form of Hilbert's theorem 94 (Theorem 4.1). In case that G is finitely generated and N has prime index p in G there holds a 'generalized Schreier formula' involving the torsion‐free ranks of G and N and the ratio of the order of the transfer kernel and co‐kernel (cf. Theorem D).


This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate performance, nitrogen and dry matter balance and morfometrical measures of broilers raised with different levels of protein and energy on pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age). In a completely randomized design, 336 one-day old chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2 x 3 (metabolizable energy 2,850 and 3,000 kcal/kg and crude protein - 20, 23 and 26%) with four replicates with 14 birds each. The digestibility trial occurred in the first week, and the total excreta collection method was used from 4 to 7 days of age. The results indicated that feed intake and feed conversion from 1 to 7 days, and feed intake from 1 to 21 days, showing that the 23% and 26% CP gave the best results for pre-starter phase in this experiment. The metabolizable energy levels did not affect the performance neither nutritional balances of dry matter and nitrogen.


With the development of ultra-high-voltage(UHV) power grid in China,people have paid more and more attention to electromagnetic pollution in transformer substations caused by power equipments.Therefore,evaluation of electromagnetic field of power equipments becomes increasingly important.According to the national standard,measurement of electromagnetic environment in a 500 kV transformer substation was conducted,and the shielding effectiveness was computed based on the measured data.Results indicate that the current shielding uniform can almost completely shield the electric field,however the uniform has weak shielding effectiveness against magnetic field.The shielding effectiveness(SE) against electric field is 39.4 dB and 12 dB respectively at head and chest of the model,and the SE against magnetic field is 0.09 dB and 0.15 dB respectively,which indicate that the design of UHV shielding uniform should consider shielding power frequency magnetic field.


Purpose: For the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, laser photocoagulation is usually combined with scleral buckling. But laser photocoagulation has high possibility of complications. So, we evaluated the effect of scleral buckling only without laser photocoagulation for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: We reviewed pre- and post-operative characteristics of retinal detachment in 31 eyes who had undergone scleral buckling only (group A) and in 33 eyes who had laser photocoagulation after scleral buckling (group B). All the patients had similar preoperative findings and had been followed for 1 year or longer. Results: Anatomic success rate was achieved in 83.9% in group A, 81.8% in group B after primary operation. Functional success rate was achieved in 61.3% in group A, 63.6% in group B. No complications in group A but proliferative vitreoretinopathy (3 eyes) and preretinal membrane (2 eyes) did form in group B. Conclusions: When the vitreoretinal traction is relieved by scleral buckling, we considered only scleral buckling procedure is the fairly effective procedure for retinal detachment in case of equatorial or peripheral tear and that also decrease the incidence of complication.


The crystallization of cis-polyisoprene even at moderately elevated pressures results in the formation of a single-crystal species which develops through skeletal growth. The nature of these crystals, which are produced at relatively low supercooling, is described. They occur concurrently with spherulites but exhibit a much higher growth rate. In common with single crystals grown from solution the size and shape of the species is a function of the supercooling.


Ladinian/Carnian reef organisms are described from two tectonically isolated localities in the southern Bukk Mountains/Hungary. Intensive organic encrustations are common features in these reefal limestones similar to other Carnian reefs. Comparisons with other Carnian reef communities reveal similarities as well as distinct differences in faunal composition. The following new taxa are described: Sponges: Cryptocoelia kovacsi n. sp. Algae: Egericodium hungaricum n. g., n. sp.


Thin films of GaxTe100-x (x = 3, 6, 9 and 12) have been synthesized by thermal evaporation. From SEM images, it is observed that all the films contain nanoparticles of sizes varying from 100 to 200 nm. The dc electrical conductivity of the as-deposited films of GaxTe 100-x nanoparticles is measured as a function of temperature range from 298 to 383 K, and increases exponentially with temperature. The value of the activation energy, calculated from the slope of ln σdc versus 1000/T plots, is found to decrease with increase in the Ga content. On the basis of the value of the pre-exponential factor σo, it is suggested that the conduction is due to thermally assisted tunneling of carriers in localized states near the band edges. The optical measurements suggest an indirect optical band gap in this system. The value of the optical band gap decreases on increasing the Ga concentration.


Consuming alcoholic beverages improperly or excessively has a very bad impact on the health of the human body, it can even cause accidents, fights, theft, murder and the risk of death. This research produces a tool that can detect alcohol content in liquid herbal using the MQ-3 sensor, DHT22 sensor, data logger to store test results data and the test results are grouped by means of manual calculations with Microsoft Excel and Matlab software simulations. The type of liquid herbal used is liquid herbal for rheumatic pain, gout, dizziness, colds and coughs. In each liquid herbal test, it takes 10 minutes/liquid herbal medicine and is repeated 6 times for each liquid herbal test. Based on the test that the higher the temperature affects the increase in the proportion of the alcohol content of the liquid herbal and the minimum temperature obtained is 30.8°C to 32.9°C. Microsoft excel calculations and matlab simulation software, clusters are divided into 3 according to the type of alcohol content group and the iteration stops at the 12th iteration with the objective function value = 0.00074 < error = 0.001. From the results using Matlab Software, 8 data were obtained in group A with an average alcohol content 9,9%, 9 data in group B with an average alcohol content of 9,05% and 13 data in the content group C with an average alcohol content of 10,73%.


The essence of globalization attaches importance to a situation that in the whole area various entities are closely connected with each other in economy,politics,culture,military and other fields.In politics the small states gathered to the united Semitic Nation but did the opposite in culture and the culture-dominant nations acknowledged allegiance to culture-inferior nations.Semitic Nation composed mainly of the Middle East united nation showed the embryonic form in several empire inherits centered round Babylon.In Middle Ages the establishment of Arabic nation unified by overpowering benefited to a great extent from the performing course of the regional cultural integration.The important source of powerful cohesiveness in the Arab-Islam world lies in what the Moslem doctrine synthesized organically to the intellectual belief of various nations and their realistic needs.


Objective: To characterize hospitalized clients with oncohematological illnesses; to describe the hospitalizations risks and benefits of the oncohematological patient; to discuss the technical procedures with this patient to take care of themselves. Method: This is a descriptive research with qualitative approach developed with 10 hospitalizated oncohematological patients and 10 nursing team members that were used to collect information with a free observation and an technical interview. Results: After the thematic analysis it was identified three categories: the hospitalization; the hospitalizations risks and benefits; the technical procedures with the patients. Conclusion: Observed that when members of the nursing staff take care of those customers by identifying and prioritizing their needs in an appropriate environment contribute to its adaptation to the hospitalization, favoring the recovery of health, prevention and control complications of the disease and treatment that these customers are subjected during hospitalization. Descriptors: Oncologic nursing, Nursing cares, Hospitalization. RESUMO Objetivos: Caracterizar os clientes hospitalizados com doencas oncohematologicas; descrever os riscos e beneficios na hospitalizacao do cliente oncohematologico; discutir as implicacoes do cuidado de enfermagem a esses clientes. Metodo: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com clientes oncohematologicos hospitalizados e membros da equipe de enfermagem da unidade de hematologia do Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, cuja coleta de dados envolveu observacao livre e entrevista semi-estruturada. Resultados: Apos analise tematica das informacoes emergiram as seguintes categorias: a hospitalizacao; riscos e beneficios da hospitalizacao; olhando o cuidado de enfermagem aos clientes oncohematologicos. Conclusao: Observou-se que quando os membros da equipe de enfermagem cuidam desses clientes identificando e priorizando suas necessidades em um ambiente adequado contribuem para sua adaptacao a situacao de hospitalizacao, favorecendo a recuperacao da saude, a prevencao e controle de complicacoes decorrentes da doenca e do tratamento a que esses clientes sao submetidos durante a hospitalizacao. Descritores: Enfermagem oncologica, Cuidados de enfermagem, Hospitalizacao. RESUMEN


The right-obligation to health is enshrined in the Uruguayan Constitution. In this paper, the author attempts to explore the scope of Section 44 of the Uruguayan Constitution with regard to obligations enshrined as legal status. The paper studies obligations in International Human Rights Law, its connection with the Uruguayan Constitution and the implications of the concept as related to health within the context of the global pandemic known as COVID-19.


The efficacy of commercially available chemical insecticides and biopesticides on the cotton mealybug (CMB), Phenacoccus solenopsis, was evaluated in the glasshouse. Spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor and buprofezin were identified as key insecticides for use in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies aimed at controlling CMB without flaring other co‐occurring pests. When used as a single application, spirotetramat and sulfoxaflor at the rate of 96 g (active ingredient, ha−1) provided variable control of CMB. Spirotetramat used in a double spray tactic (two sequential sprays, 14–15 days apart) without crop oil provided ≥80% control of adult CMB while the addition of oil (5% v/v) increased control to ≥90%. Clothianidin synergised the spirotetramat + oil combination and was identified as a potentially useful tank mix option for use in situations where a quick knockdown of high density and/or large infestation of CMB is required, or to treat high risk infestations in squaring or younger cotton when the abundance of beneficial insects is typically low. Sulfoxaflor used in a double spray tactic provided ≥90% control of adult CMB. The addition of Pulse® penetrant (0.5% v/v) to both options improved overall efficacy. Addition of crop oil to sulfoxaflor did not yield any tangible benefits. Spirotetramat and buprofezin were identified as important tools in managing situations where whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is the primary pest management target, but CMB is also present in the crop. Buprofezin was effective on early instar mealybugs; this makes it an option for arresting CMB population growth while allowing the beneficial insect populations to increase. Sulfoxaflor was shown to be a useful option in situations where CMB is present along with key pests such as mirids (Creontiades spp.). Mealybugs are typically well controlled by naturally occurring beneficial insects without the need for insecticide use. Chemical insecticides for CMB control should be considered only as a last resort and deployed within the bounds of an IPM strategy.


Solid phase crystallization (SPC) of amorphous silicon is usually conducted at around 600°C since it is used In the application of flat panel display using thermally susceptible glass substrate. In this study we conducted SPC experiments at temperatures higher than 600°C using silicon wafers. Crystallization rate becomes dramatically rapid at higher temperatures since SPC kinetics is controlled by nucleation with high value of activation energy. We report SPC kinetics of high temperatures compared to that of low temperatures.


Abstract— We have developed a 15.5‐in.‐diagonal XGA STN‐LCD monitor with a CRT interface. This STN‐LCD monitor can accelerate the frame frequency in order to optimize STN‐LCD driving, and realize a 260K‐color display. For this monitor development, we have developed the new Dual FRC method (D‐FRC), which can realize both saving of memory capacity and reducing flicker. We have optimized the display pattern of D‐FRC, and minimized crosstalk by the combination of D‐FRC and Hi‐Addressing (Advanced 2‐line simultaneous addressing).


In this paper, we explore the properties of radiosity equation systems and analyze the mathematical background of existing O(n) solvers for such systems. Based on our analysis, we present a new algorithm using an inverse matrix approximation technique along with an improvement in the existing algorithm due to Feda 2]. We prove the convergence of our method, as well as the modiied version of Feda's method, under realistic conditions for radiosity computations. Experimental results indicate that our new methods converge faster than existing methods in all cases tested. 1. Background Radiosity methods are among the most important realistic image synthesis techniques in computer graphics. Since the introduction of radiosity methods in computer graphics in 1984, researchers have made much progress in improving the accuracy and prac-ticality of these methods in general scenes. One important branch of this research involves nding fast iterative solvers for large scale radiosity equation systems. Although many standard iteration methods for solving linear equation systems, such as Gauss-Seidel, Jacobi, SOR, etc., can be applied to the solution of radiosity problems, they have been designed to deal with general systems and do not take advantage of the special structure and properties of the radiosity equations. Moreover, they all use full-sized matrix multiplications in their processes, so the computational complexity of such methods is O(n 2) for each iteration, where n is the size of the environment. Due to speed and memory requirements, these methods are not well


Technology has always been central to American life. From colonial times to the present, technology has been a key component of "the American Experience." To be sure, there have always been differences of opinion among Americans about the nature, power, influence, and value of technology. It would therefore be misleading to suggest any uniformity of opinion at any period in American history. Nevertheless, as far as we can determine in the absence of scientific public opinion polls for most of American history, a clear majority of Americans have associated technology with progress. Equally important, those Americans have usually equated technological progress with social progress. It is therefore reasonable to outline here what I call the American ideology of technological progress and then to suggest how it is changing as that historic technological optimism fades. The relevance of this change to education in America will be addressed in the final pages of the chapter.


To investigate the effect of N in the septic newborn, we instrumented 8 piglets (1–5 days old) for continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), central venous pressure, heart rate (HR), left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV contractility (dP/dt), cardiac output (CO), and O2 content. O2 consumption (VO2), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. Following a stabilization period, Group B streptococci (GBBS), 3–9 × 1010 org/kg, were infused over 30 minutes. Following the infusion, N (1/mg/kg) was given followed by a continuous infusion of 1/mg/kg/hr (n=4). Control pigs (n=4) were given an equal volume of saline. Both groups developed significant increases in PAP, SVR, and PVR followed by a return toward baseline. VO2, CO, and dP/dt declined in both groups throughout the study, but in the N treated animals the decreases in CO and dP/dt were ameliorated and the MAP was restored toward baseline. The N group had significantly improved survival (p<.05) with 3/4 N pigs and 0/4 C pigs alive > 4 hr. We speculate that naloxone may reverse the hemodynamic sequelae and improve survival in newborns with septic shock.


: In about 20% are involved in some form of child labour. In the Oti Region of the KeteKrachi has the highest prevalence rate of about 39 percent compared to 33.2 percent for the whole region This paper investigates the impact of child labour among School children in the Kete-Krachi district of the Oti Region. The study explored the major impact of Child labour among school Children. The study interviewed 145 respondents through questionnaire and interviews. The research design for the study was both quantitative and qualitative. The respondents comprised 60 JHS social studies teachers, 60 Victims of child labour, 15 parents or guardians of the victims of child labour and 10 stakeholders of education. Data analysis showed that 67 percent of the victims were from large families of five or more. It was concluded from the findings that, child labour impacts negatively on children's academic work. It results in lateness to school, absenteeism, non-performance of home works, inactive in classroom activities, poor performance in examination and high school dropout rates in Kete-Krachi area.


Were analyzed the working conditions in a small feed mill, with identification of occupational risks (physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and accidents) and measurement of noise levels. Data collection was performed qualitatively by using a survey, previously developed, as well as in loco observation. There was at least one factor belonging to the five occupational risks, and the ergonomic risk was associated with all activities. The feed mill assessed was not in accordance with the Regulatory Standards related to Health and Safety, and arrangements to adjust it accordingly must be taken. Corrective actions goes from the purchase and supply of appropriate personal protective equipment for worker to structural changes, such as installing handrails and repairing of electrical installations. These initiatives, if implemented could contribute to reducing the risks that affect the health and physical integrity, with opportunities to improve quality and productivity of the services performed.


With easy-care resin EMT and hydrophilic soil-release finishing agent FC-226,one bath easy-care and soil-release finish of polyester-cotton fabric was carried out.Through testing the recovery angle,bending length and soil release of sample of polyester-cotton fabric,the optimal finishing process was settled as follows: resin EMT 60 g/L,finishing agent FC-226 70 g/L,strength protecting agent 617 30 g/L,non-metallic catalyst 20 g/L,curing temperature 180 ℃.After the above finishing process,then the fabric was decatized.The results showed that the processes was in consistent with the requirements of production and processing with delayed elasticity of 265°,soil-release properties of 3.5 and small decrease in strength.


This study reports the complete genome sequence of bisphenol A-degrading bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain A3, which was isolated from a contaminated soil sample from the site of a factory fire in South Korea. The genome consists of a 6.53Mbp chromosome and eight plasmid contigs (532,947bp), with 6,406 protein-coding sequences and a GC content of 63.82%. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in plastic bottles and food packaging (1, 2). BPA mimics the structure and function of the hormone estrogen, and it can interfere with normal bodily processes (3). Many studies have suggested that bacteria could provide a promising strategy for xenobiotic cleanup and bioremediation (4, 5). BPA-degrading bacteria, such as Achromobacter (6), Pseudomonas (7), Bacillus (8), and Sphingomonas (9), have been isolated. Although the isolation of novel bacteria led to proposed metabolic pathways of BPA degradation using intermediates detected during the degradation process, the genetic mechanisms of BPA degradation are not yet understood (10, 11). The BPA-degrading bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain A3 was isolated from contaminated soil, and the whole genome was sequenced to understand its metabolic capacity and functional potential. Contaminated soil samples were collected at the site of a factory fire (35°18955.10N, 128°45941.00E) in the Gyeongsangnam-do province (South Korea). Enrichment cultures were conducted aerobically at 30°C for 2 weeks, with shaking, using contaminated soil in mineral salt medium (MSM) with 500 ppm BPA as the sole carbon source. The enrichment-cultured samples were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4). The dilutions were then spread on R2A agar plates (BD Difco, USA) and incubated at 30°C for 2 days to obtain a single colony. To determine the BPA-degrading activity using gas chromatography, following the protocols used in previous studies (12), each bacterial colony was seeded in 5ml R2A medium, and the cells were inoculated into MSM with 300 ppm BPA at 30°C. After 24, 48, 72, and 92 h, the supernatants were obtained and analyzed to determine how much BPA had been removed. We screened the A3 bacterium, which had higher BPA-degrading activity among the single colonies obtained. This strain showed degradation rates of 51.6%6 11.9%, 57.3%6 8.1%, 86.9%6 2.8%, and 96.9%6 5.4% at 24, 48, 72, and 92 h, respectively. Genomic DNA was isolated from the A3 strain using Maxwell 16 DNA purification kits (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The genomic DNA was sequenced at Macrogen, Inc. (South Korea), using a combination of the PacBio RS II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) (13) sequencing platform, with a 20-kb SMRTbell template library, and the Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platform (2 151 bp). For PacBio sequencing, genomic DNA (8mg) was sheared to approximately 20 kb with a g-TUBE (Covaris) and purified using AMPurePB beads (Beckman Coulter), and the sequencing library was prepared using the SMRTbell template preparation kit v1.0 (PacBio). For Illumina sequencing, genomic DNA (100ng) Citation Jung JY, Kang HK, Jeong DW, Jin HM, Ryu B-G, Jo BY, Chung EJ, Han S-S. 2021. Complete genome sequence of bisphenol Adegrading bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain A3, isolated from contaminated soil. Microbiol Resour Announc 10:e01088-20. https://doi.org/ 10.1128/MRA.01088-20. Editor Catherine Putonti, Loyola University Chicago Copyright © 2021 Jung et al. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Sang-Soo Han, email@example.com. Received 21 September 2020 Accepted 7 December 2020 Published 7 January 2021 January 2021 Volume 10 Issue 1 e01088-20 mra.asm.org 1 GENOME SEQUENCES


Timely and consistent insecticide resistance monitoring efforts are required for early planning of management strategies. Here, we present the first report on bendiocarb, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Adamawa, North Eastern Nigeria. Mosquitoes reared from larval collections were exposed to DDT (4%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) insecticides using standard WHO test kits and protocols. Species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were used to determine the sibling species composition of the exposed mosquitoes while allele-specific PCR was used for kdr genotyping in the mosquitoes that survived after insecticide exposure. Mosquito populations from all the four study sites in Vimtim, Imburu, Muchala and Bachure were resistant (≤ 87% mortality) to DDT and deltamethrin insecticides. Mosquito populations exposed to bendiocarb showed suspected resistance in Vimtim and Imburu study sites and confirmed resistance in Muchala and Bachure sites respectively. Mosquitoes alive after deltamethrin, DDT and bendiocarb exposures were identified predominantly as An. coluzzii species (78.5 - 92%) compared to An. gambiae s.s (5.3 - 11%) and An. arabiensis (0 - 10.1%). All the 22 kdr positive mosquitoes collected were identified as An. coluzzii. Percentage occurrence of kdr alleles in the mosquito populations alive after deltamethrin and DDT exposures were 30% and 25% respectively. An. coluzzii (≥ 63%) was the predominant species identified in each study site compared to An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s) (≤ 20%) and An. arabiensis (≤ 17.4%) species. The results of kdr associated pyrethroid resistance is a potential threat to the effectiveness of the currently deployed deltamethrin-impregnated bed-net campaigns in Adamawa state. Evidence of bendiocarb carbamate resistance also implies potential ineffectiveness of future bendiocarb Indoor Residual Spraying. The involvement of metabolic resistance mechanisms in the mosquitoes from these study sites should be investigated for proper insecticide resistance management.


Providing high-quality student services to students enrolled in distance education programs is a critical link to the academic success of this growing student population.


The multiwavelength optical networking (MONET) program consists of a consortium of industrial partners, working together with the intent to demonstrate the key capabilities needed for configurable WDM networks. This involves integrating WDM technologies with optical switching technologies to provide a managed, high capacity, national scale WDM server layer to transport optical signals transparently across multiple interworking subnetworks.


The relationships between wildfire incidence in Los Angeles County and various ecological factors such as temperature, precipitation and fuel moisture as well as fire history are investigated. A new method is proposed for assessing the role of timesince-fire in the case where spatial information on the fires is available. In addition, the relationships between variables are assessed using nonparametric statistical methods, and confidence intervals are obtained via bootstrapping, in order to avoid the restrictions imposed by parametric models. The relationships between covariates and wildfire rates do not appear to be linear. Instead, the data appear to support the general notion that fire risk is nearly constant provided various conditions are met, e.g. temperature exceeds a given threshold, and fuel moisture and precipitation are sufficiently low. The time expired since a location has burned previously also appears to be an important wildfire risk factor, with the risk gradually increasing up to intervals of 25 to 30 years, and remaining nearly constant thereafter.


The presence and nature of a quantum critical point in their phase diagram is a central enigma of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. It could explain their pseudogap and strange metal phases, and ultimately their high superconducting temperatures. Yet, while solid evidences exist in several unconventional superconductors of ubiquitous critical fluctuations associated to a quantum critical point, their presence has remained elusive in the cuprates, thus questioning the validity of the quantum critical point scenario in their case. Here, using symmetry-resolved electronic Raman scattering, we report the observation of critical electronic nematic fluctuations near the endpoint of the pseudogap phase of the cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$. The temperature dependence of the extracted static nematic susceptibility demonstrates the presence of an incipient nematic quantum critical point under the superconducting dome. We further show that the nematic instability weakens upon entering the pseudogap regime, in contrast to a conventional nematic quantum critical point scenario. Our results suggest a non-trivial link between the pseudogap and quantum criticality in the cuprates, whose interplay is likely linked to the Fermi surface topology.


In order to recognize and anticipate customer's requests, reinforce and manage the communication and operational flows, analyses of which are the services that the consumers demand to the energy companies are extremely important. To improve each relationship channel and to recognize the customers' profile, expectations and needs, it has been necessary to reinforce the operational efficiency concerning costs and agility. Operational effectiveness answering the demands is pursued, considering the amount of services offered and generated by relationship channels, communication facilities and operational conditions provided by the companies. A huge amount of data had to be organized to represent this scenario and forecast the relationship. To represent it, models were created to monitor and predict customers' requirements based on historical and online data. There were established regional resources availability, weather conditions, problems concerning the energy distribution grid, as well as the motivation of the customers to use alternative medias or relationship channels. The big data treatment techniques were used in order to provide the necessary agility to achieve the monthly/hourly volume of data (millions of registers per month) and permit communication clusters' views.


Abstract : To date, the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) requirements method has been used in industrial environments to specify the requirements of many practical systems, including control systems for nuclear power plants and avionics systems. This paper describes the use of the SCR method to specify the requirements of the Light Control System (LCS), the subject of a case study at the Dagstuhl Seminar on Requirements Capture, Documentation, and Validation in June 1999. It introduces a systematic process for constructing the LCS requirements specification, presents the specification of the LCS in the SCR tabular notation, discusses the tools that we applied to the LCS specification, and concludes with a discussion of a number of issues that arose in developing the specification.


Performance in bobsled and luge events is influenced by several environmental, material/equipment, and team-related factors. This study concentrated on the influences of equipment and athlete on overall performance and compared the luge, 2-man bobsled, and 4-man bobsled competitions at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympic Games. Start time and overall acceleration in the analyzed straight section showed significant correlations with the final time. It was concluded that for the top teams in bobsled and luge, fast start time and high speed at the end of the start section were prerequisites for an excellent overall performance. Driving capacities in the most difficult sections of the track were more statistically important among the top 15 competitors, especially in the luge. The influence of the runners could not be identified in either bobsled or luge competitions.


The purpose of the study is to determine whether bradyarrhythmias are more common in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction, and whether their early treatment would reduce mortality. Patients were seen at their homes or hospitals close to their homes. A diagnosis of infarction was made on the clinical history, electrocardiographic and serum enzyme changes. Arrhythmias were detected clinically and confirmed by electrocardiography. Atropine was given by the intravenous route for all bradyarrhythmias, and lignocaine for ventricular irritability in the absence of bradycardia. Of 75 patients with acute myocardial infarctions seen at an earlier phase than is common in coronary care units, 25 presented with bradyarrhythmias. Of these, 20 had sinus bradycardia. This incidence was significantly higher than seen in coronary care units. The relative incidence of bradyarrhythmias was greatest near the onset of infarction and gradually diminished as the time lapse between infarction and initial examination increased. Early administration of atropine corrected heart block in four of five patients, sinus bradycardia and accompanying ventricular premature beats in all these five patients, and hypotension or shock in 11 of 13 patients. Only 12 patients required lignocaine when first seen. In 34 of the remaining 63 cases lignocaine was probably contraindicated. There were no deaths within the first 12 hours of initial examination.


In recent years, sustainability concept has been introduced to many fields including management, technology, and supply chain (SC). The most accepted definition for Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) would be one where all consumer products are created, used, and recycled or disposed of in the Closed loop Method. Closed Loop Supply Chain Management (CLSCM) refers to all forward Logistics in the chain (like procurement of materials, production and distribution) as well as the Reverse Logistics to collect and process returned (used or unused) products and/or parts of products in order to ensure a socioeconomically and ecologically sustainable recovery. Over the past 19 years, Closed Loop Supply Chain Management (CLSCM) has gained considerable attention in industry and academia. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the literature of the closed loop Supply Chain Management (CLSCM) over the past years. The key themes that came out of the literature are: Green Operations (Reverse Logistics), Green Design, Green Manufacturing, Waste Management, and Product Life Cycle Assessment. This paper will briefly discuss these issues. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive literature review on Closed Loop Supply Chain Management (CLSCM). In particular, article is classified according to the themes and also delimits the research scope of CLSCM.


Abstract Low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue experiments of IC10 Ni-base superalloy plate specimens with multiple holes were performed below 1,000 °C. The average fatigue life is 105.4 cycles, while the creep-fatigue life is 103.4 cycles, which shows that the life of creep-fatigue is reduced 1–2 times compared with low cycle fatigue life. After tests, the detailed fracture and microscopic structure evolution were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); meanwhile, the constitutive model based on crystal plasticity theory was established and the fracture mechanism was analyzed. Three conclusions have been obtained: First, the load during dwell time leads to the damage accumulation caused by deformation and the interaction of fatigue and creep shortens the service life of materials seriously. Second, in order to maintain the macroscopic deformation, a new slip plane starts to makes the dislocation slide in reverse direction, which leads to fatigue damage and initial cracks. Third, the inner free surface creates opportunities for escape of the dislocation line, which is caused by the cavity. What's more, the cure dislocation generated by cyclic loading contributes to the formation and growth of cavities.


The striatum is postulated to play a role in gating cortical processing during goal-oriented behavior. However, the underlying circuit structure for striatal gating remains unclear. Deviating from previous approaches which typically treat the striatum as a homogenous structure or small compartments, we took a functional connectivity approach that utilizes the entire anatomical space of the caudate nucleus and examined its functional relationship with the cortex and how that relationship changes with age. We defined the topography of the caudate functional connectivity with the rest of the brain using three publicly available resting-state fMRI data samples. There were several key findings. First, our results revealed two stable gradients of connectivity patterns across the caudate: medial-lateral (M-L) and anterior-posterior (A-P) axes, which supports findings in previous anatomical studies of non-human primates that there is more than one organizational principle. Second, the differential connectivity patterns along the caudate's M-L gradient were not limited to single structures but rather organized with respect to large-scale neural networks; in particular, networks associated with internal orienting behavior are closely linked to the medial extent of the caudate whereas networks associated with external orienting behavior are closely linked to the lateral extent of the caudate. Third, we found a decrease in the integrity of M-L organization with healthy aging which was associated with age-related changes in behavioral measures of flexible control. In sum, the caudate shows a topographic organization with respect to large-scale networks in the human brain and changes this organization seem to have implications for age-related decline in flexible control of behavior.


The adapter is easily pulled off during the course of a belt-working.In order to collect the symptom ahead of the adapter being pulled off,a magnetic sensor is presented.And it conforms with the computer to collect the pulling quantum of the adapter.Its effective resolution is about 0.50mm.At the same time,an effective detection way is provided for the belt's safe working.


This Too Shall Pass": The Perceptions of Teachers at a Government Secondary School Towards Teaching a Visually-Impaired Student at the CSEC Level in the Context of Inclusive Education in Trinidad and Tobago


ICAS and the IIRC will be collaborating with the Green Economy Coalition to produce a report on Integrated Reporting and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.


Metasurface can adjust the polarization, amplitude, phase, polarization mode, and propagation mode of electromagnetic waves flexibly and efficiently. Based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase theory, an all-medium geometric phase element structure was proposed to construct a transmission-coded metasurface metalens. In the mid-infrared band, a phase change material (GST) is used to regulate the unit structure in order to achieve the tunability of lens focus. In order to prove that the designed hyperlens has a good focusing effect, we numerically simulate the focusing electromagnetic field distribution characteristics, and the results show that the designed geometric phase hyperlens has a good focusing effect. Using the crystal and amorphous states of phase change materials, we can dynamically control the focus of the superlens.