The utility model relates to a metal-case wire-wound adjustable resistor. Conductive strips and insulating strips are pierced at a piercing bar, and are inserted in a bar shape slot of a ceramic tube; resistance wires are wound on the excircle of the ceramic tube and between the conductive strips; the upper end of an adjusting rod is equipped with a barrier chip and a pressing spring, the lower end of the adjusting rod that is loaded in an isolated positioning slot of a bottom end cover is connected with a conductive plate which is equipped in the isolated positioning slot, and the conductive plate is connected with an outer lead through an outer lead bore of the bottom end cover; a slide block is equipped on the adjusting rod in the modus of threaded connection, a composite conductivity spring is equipped on the slide block, and the composite conductivity spring is pressed on the conductive strip. The resistance of the utility model is convenient to adjust, and resistance wires are not easy to wet and break line; the device has advantages of high power, high-voltage resistant, strong capacity of energy impact resistant, high mechanical strength and stable and reliable performance; the device can be used safely, reliably and conveniently in particular to being used in harsh environments of high temperature, moist, etc.


This paper studies the standards for consolidated financial statements of China and Malaysia by comparing and analyzing from the aspects of theory,policy,scope and procedure of consolidation.It is found that the relevant provisions of the two countries are broadly consistent,while there are some differences in details,such as the reporting date diversity and the exemption conditions of preparation of consolidated financial statements.China can make improvement from the following aspects: 1.properly increase the information disclosure requirement in the consolidated financial statements,provide more effective information support for investors' economic decision;2.improve the consolidated financial statements with foresight according to the development trend of relevant business;3.solve the problem in preparing the consolidated financial statements through training or publishing guidance documents;4.strengthen auditing and supervision to the relevant information of consolidated financial statements.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent malignancy detected in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related male death in Europe. Current markers frequently fail...


The dielectric relaxation behaviour of a stoichiometric mixture of ethylene diamine and a diepoxide in which addition reactions produce a polymeric network structure has been studied at isobaric conditions of pressure from 1 to 206 bar and several temperatures from 296 to 314 K. The changes occur faster at high pressure, and the curves of the relative permittivity and loss against the polymerization time, which resemble the corresponding dielectric spectra, shift to a shorter time. This effect is due to an increase in the rate of reaction, and attributed to the mass-controlled reaction kinetics in the region of the polymerization, because the rate of reaction is expected to be slowed by application of pressure when the reaction is in the diffusion-controlled region. The rapid increase in the relaxation time with the polymerization time at high pressures is a consequence of: (a) the acceleration of the reaction kinetics, (b) an increase in the equilibrium constant of the polymerization according to Le Chatelier's principle and (c) a decrease in the configurational entropy. An attempt is made to resolve the magnitude of these effects. A formalism for the changes in the relaxation time and dc conductivity, which includes the change in the chemical as well as physical states of the polymerizing liquid, is given, and the decrease in the configurational entropy formulated in terms of the pressure's effect on the relaxation time. The rate of decrease in the static permittivity on polymerization is increased by the pressure. The polymerization characteristics of this network polymer under hydrostatic pressure are compared with those of the linear-chain polymerization of a stoichiometric mixture of a diepoxide with a monoamine.


The title compound, {[Zn(SO4)(C10H8N2)(H2O)3]·C2H6O2}n, has a linear polymeric structure through the 4.4′-bipyridyl ligand acting as a bridge connecting the Zn atoms. The Zn atom in each unit is coordinated by two bipridyl ligands, one sulfate anion and three water molecules in a distorted octahedral environment. The bipy ligands occupy special positions of site symmetry \overline{1}. In the crystal structure, the linear chains are arranged in two different directions, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular array supported by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the O atoms of the ligands and ethane-1,2-diol solvent molecules.


Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models are used to investigate the suppression of liquid-fuel pool fires using fine watersprays in an effort to understand the extinguishment mechanisms involved. The model calculates fuel evaporation and its subsequent combustion, as well as the injection and flow of the fine water droplets and the interaction between the water droplets and the hot gases. The model was used to simulate full-scale experiments carried out at the National Fire Laboratory using a mobile test facility that simulates liquid-fuel pool fires in an open space. Comparisons were made of the fire plume temperatures before the activation of the nozzles and the water flux density at floor level without the fire. Four simulations were conducted. In one, the fine waterspray was successful in extinguishing the fire. In all other cases, the fire continued to bum despite the application of the fine waterspray.


This study aims to improve the ability to catch in children using the ball thrower learning media. The method used in this study was experimental using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted using manipulative motion learning to catch the ball using the throwing media. To measure and find out the results of the data obtained by researchers using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software. The sample in this study was upper-grade elementary school students. Twenty students were chosen with a random sampling technique. This study's data collection technique using the instrument is a ball catch test. The data analysis technique used a t-test with a significance level of 0.05. This study concluded that there was a significant effect of learning outcomes using the ball throwing learning media on the ability to catch the ball of elementary school students.


In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is designed and used for such purpose. The network is used in conjunction with a self-tuning PID controller. The differential equation of Jenkine element is adopted for hysteresis modeling. The simulation results show that the proposed controller improves the system performance better than open loop system and direct closed loop system by minimizing the effect of hysteresis.


Nowadays, pollution caused by heavy metals has become an urgent problem to be solved today, especially Hg(II) in heavy metals can cause diarrhea, neurological weakness and serious life threatening. Therefore, new materials are urgently needed to adsorb Hg(II) ions in water. Herein, we loaded sulfide (CuS) particles onto SiO2 aerogel obtained from boron slag, which was used to prepare new SiO2/CuS adsorbents. The influence of pH in the solution, the initial Hg(II) ion concentration, contact time, and co-existing cations on the adsorption behavior of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS was investigated. At the optimal conditions, the removal rate and adsorption amount of mercury(II) ions by SiO2/CuS reached 93.16% and 232.90 mg/g within 60 min. The results show that the adsorption process of SiO2/CuS is consistent with the PSO model. The adsorption mechanism of SiO2/CuS on Hg(II) ions is a chemisorption process.


Cerium is the most abundant rare earth metal in the earth's crust, and it has deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems from fertilizer runoff. Scenedesmus obliquus is an oil‐rich microalga that grows rapidly and is sensitive to many kinds of toxins. Given that microalgae are useful indicators of eutrophication and toxic stress, it was found that lower concentrations of cerium (0.50–5.00 mg·L−1) stimulated algal growth and increased chlorophyll a content, whereas higher concentrations (above 50.00 mg·L−1) had an inhibitory effect on algal growth and chlorophyll a content. The algal growth rate and chlorophyll a content peaked at a cerium concentration of 5.00 mg·L−1. Both the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers were sensitive to cerium‐induced stress. Specifically, high concentrations of cerium damaged the oxygen evolving complex and PSII reaction center and suppressed electron transport at the donor and receptor side of the reaction center, influencing the absorption, transfer, and application of light energy in S. obliquus XJ002. In addition, we established a simple method to quantify the intracellular lipid content of S. obliquus XJ002, and the optimum staining conditions for Nile red were as follows: volume percentage of dimethyl sulfoxide was 2%, the concentration of Nile red was 2.0 µg·mL−1, and the staining time of Nile red was 5 min. The addition of cerium resulted in a significant increase in the total lipid content of XJ002. When the concentration of cerium was 50 mg·L−1, the total lipid content was 16.26% higher than the control group. This information will enhance our ability to utilize microelement fertilizer in biomass accumulation programs and will help to further reveal the key regulatory factors in the lipid metabolism, and would lay the foundation for promoting the research of microalgae bioenergy.


This paper describes experimental work and results showing that the PDO, a set of sigma-delta based oscillator structures for MEMS recently introduced by the authors, can also maintain a good oscillation behaviour for sampling frequencies under the Nyquist limit. So, it can work in undersampling conditions and an extension of the use of this kind of structures to higher frequency applications becomes possible.


The invention provides a polyamide composition for preparing a specially-shaped heat insulation bar and a preparation method thereof. The polyamide composition for preparing the specially-shaped heat insulation bar is prepared from the following raw materials by weight percent: 30 to 70 percent of polyamide resin, 15 to 35 percent of glass fibers, 0 to 40 percent of inorganic fillers, 3 to 30 percent of toughening agent, 0.2 to 5 percent of antioxidant, and 0.1 to 1 percent of heat stabilizer. The polyamide composition for preparing the specially-shaped heat insulation bar is high in mobility and high in mechanical performance and can be used for producing the polyamide heat insulation bar with good appearance and high transverse tensile strength.


The physical and theoretical modeling of forging cylindrical billet by anvils with slant and plane anvils was made. The fields of shear deformations distribution in cross section of billet during forging process by the grid method were obtained. The mathematics modeling offorging process by finite element method was made. The influence of anvils geometry on shear deformations level was established. A possibility of shaft forging by the anvils with slant was shown by experiments in laboratory conditions. Recommendations of forging regime were made.


The article presents the data of the current control of knowledge gained through the application of questionnaires alternative types in the process of training for bachelor of physical education (athletic training) and bachelor of teacher education (physical education) on discipline «Theory and methodology of swimming»; shows their internal relationship and correlation with the results of the final control examination assessment.


The paper introduced the rare earth recycling experience in America, Japan, Germany and France etc., which including establishment of special funds by government, constitution of legal safeguard for resource recycling, looking for diversified resource to recycle, leading and spreading recycling consciousness among the public by enterprises during rare earth recycling. The experiences offered reference for development of rare earth recycling industry in China. And then, based on actual situation in China, it proposed several suggestions for rare earth recycling industry, so as to enhance the international image and competitiveness of rare earth industry in China.


The following calculations have been made at the request of H.R. Schmidt to determine the probability that self-radiation may play a substantial role in the decomposition of the ruthenium tetroxide in the reflux scrubber, section of the Redox Ruthenium Oxidizer (H-4). The validity of the derived data necessarily depends upon the correctness of the basic assumptions made with regard to process conditions and to possible radiation-activated mechanisms of disintegration. It is estimated that the extent of solid ruthenium formation in the tower which results from radiation effects should not exceed 100 micrograms per batch. This rate is negligible compared to that now found in the presence of stainless steel packing, or to that which might be expected from thermally-activated disintegrations alone.


The collection of comparable estimates of Women with Disability (WwD) is essential for successful policy-making, and can be directly addressed to the reduction of the barriers that WwD have to face so to achieve full participation in all aspects of their lives. In order to minimize and prevent barriers for WwD, a common policy and a research framework is needed within the European countries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to underline the issues related to availability, type, and comparability of European data about WwD, and to suggest how to overcome some of the open needs. In particular, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) issued by the World Health Organization could be the core conceptual model for collecting data and measuring disability, acting as the basis for relevant social policies, since information at all levels on the functioning of WwD is essential for policy purposes.


ABSTRACT A rich tradition of pedagogical and psychological research has explored the impact of technology on the cognitive and social development of the child. However, little research has focused on the implications of the use of digital technologies in educational settings for children's agency. This article introduces hybrid-transitions as a theoretical tool to conceptualise transitions between the use of digitally enhanced and non-digitally enhanced experiences as dense social spaces where young children show agency in the construction and co-construction of knowledges. Hybrid-transitions refers to children's movement from the immersion in digitally-enhanced experiences generated by educational technologies to non-digitally mediated interactions with peers or adults. This article argues, with the support of examples, that during hybrid transitions digital experiences are shared via personal narratives linking ideas, experiences and emotions. Individual narratives are 'interlaced' in co-constructed group narratives authored by the children through face to face interactions. The interactive authorship of interlaced narratives is discussed as a form of agency, as it includes making choices regarding action and understanding of action. This article intends to promote attention to hybrid-transitional spaces among adults who work in educational settings where digital technologies are utilised.


The 2014 to 2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa devastated local health systems and caused thousands of deaths. Historical reports from Zaire ebolavirus outbreaks suggested pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of severe illness and death, with mortality rates from 74 to 100%. In total, 111 cases of pregnant patients with EVD are reported in the literature, with an aggregate maternal mortality of 86%. Pregnancy‐specific data published from the recent outbreak include four small descriptive cohort studies and five case reports. Despite limitations including reporting bias and small sample size, these studies suggest mortality in pregnant women may be lower than previously reported, with five of 13 (39%) infected women dying. Optimal treatments for pregnant women, and differences in EVD course between pregnant women and nonpregnant individuals, are major scientific gaps that have not yet been systematically addressed. Ebola virus may be transmitted from mother to baby in utero, during delivery, or through contact with maternal body fluids after birth including breast milk. EVD is almost universally fatal to the developing fetus, and limited fetal autopsy data prevent inferences on risk of birth defects. Decisions about delivery mode and other obstetric interventions should be individualized. WHO recommends close monitoring of survivors who later become pregnant, but does not recommend enhanced precautions at subsequent delivery. Although sexual transmission of Ebola virus has been documented, birth outcomes among survivors have not been published and will be important to appropriately counsel women on pregnancy outcomes and inform delivery precautions for healthcare providers. Birth Defects Research 109:353–362, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


By introducing transaction costs,constructing the appropriate portfolio and using the partial differential equation approach,an European option pricing formula under fractional Brownian motion with transaction costs is derived for the sake of excluding the arbitrage,then the hedging error under fractional Brownian environment with transaction costs is also analyzed.Moreover,the numerical examples show the pricing results by different pricing models and compare the self-financing portfolio path,option pricing path by fractional Brownian motion,option pricing path by fractional Brownian motion with transaction costs,which present the feasibility of excluding the arbitrage in fractional Black-Scholes market by introducing transaction costs.


The purpose of the study is a search of operative access to the kidney with less surgical trauma and associated complications. Specific research tasks included experiment on the dead bodies of people to develop operative access to the kidney without the transversal section of muscles and damage of intercosta l and lumbar vessels and nerves. The research also studied the parameters of access using the SozonYaroshevich me thod (1954) to estimate his appropriateness in surgical practice. Operative access to the kidney with the longitudinal section of latissimus dorsi muscle and the XII rib is anatomically justified and possesses parameters which are sufficient for the successful conducting of operations on a kidney and upper departments of the urine excretion system. The suggested operative access to the kidney eliminates the damage of intercostal and lumbar muscles, vessels and nerves. Application of this operative access method to the kidney in treatment of urology patients decreases time of their treatment and eliminates relaxation of abdominal muscles and development of postoperative lumbar hernia.


TEMPCORE is a patented mill process that produces high-strength reinforcing steel bars via in-line quenching and self-tempering. This paper reports on the fatigue performance of 400 MPa-grade reinforcing steel produced by TEMPCORE process, called TEMPCORE steel in this paper. Seven bar diameters were axially fatigue-tested in air, and the results in terms of S-N curves and failure features are presented, and compared with test data for other types of reinforcing steels from the literature. Comparisons indicate that this type of reinforcing steel has higher fatigue resistance. Although the general geometrical features are similar to those of other types of reinforcing steels, existing models fail to predict its fatigue properties. It is suggested that the metallurgical microstructure and residual stresses developed during the TEMPCORE process contribute to the superior fatigue properties and must therefore be considered in the models.


The music education in schools of compulsory education in ethnic areas bears a mission for inheriting and developing the culture of local music.The characteristic of modern music education is that the music education system should have an open artistic view and an embracing attitude.Thus,the music education in schools of compulsory education in Laibin city of Guangxi should construct a model with open-minds and modern elements.Based on the development of local music and studying the essences of musical art from other peoples,more artistic successors with ethnic,diversified and modern music aesthetic ideas could be cultivated.


Archival practice captures the specificity of discourses by locating discrete record groups in the context of their production, that is by authenticating original documentary material, identifying its provenance and preserving the original relations between record items in series. Archival practice marks boundaries: the development of digitial photography marks the end of the era of analogue photography, leaving a vast, but finite, archive of photographic negatives, transparencies, prints and published reproductions. This is not an amorphous mass of images. Formal archival practice breaks this photographic archive into specific 'collections' or, more precisely, using archival terms, into 'record groups' or 'fonds'. The provenance of record groups of South Seas photographs can be traced to particular photographers or organisations, such as missions, expeditions, businesses and governments. All photography records an external view point, but many South Seas photographs, especially during the colonial period, were made by alien observers. The wide gap between continental photographer and oceanic subject distinguishes the corpus of South Seas photography and also provides a robust semiotic structure for interpreting the significance of particular images. By pinpointing the provenance of an image and locating it in the context of its production, formal archival practice may enable a researcher to dramatise the significance of a photographic event by identifying the specific site, time and participants. Although a substantial body of interpretative writing on Pacific Islands photography has now been produced, a general history of photography in the Pacific has not yet been written and, apart from surveys by Lissant Bolton and Alan Davies, the existing bibliographic literature for the Pacific studies has not yet tracked photographic production in any concerted manner. Based on the practical archives preservation operations of the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, this paper focuses on identifying and tracking a range of South Seas photographic collections. Among the earliest photographs processed by the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau is a collection of 100 prints held with papers of J.B. Thurston kept by his eldest child,


Simple Summary Biting and chewing insects, such as crickets, may not have regular meals. They have a foregut with a crop that permits food to be stored, and also for further processing of previously ingested food if they cannot find food. Does this short period of starvation cause any further changes in other parts of the digestive system? We found that the salivary glands of crickets decreased in size as a result of a decrease in the size of one type of salivary cell, the zymogen cell. Amines (serotonin and dopamine) that stimulate gland secretion appeared to be stored with those cells, rather than in the parietal cells that are involved in salivation. Upon feeding, the glands immediately increase in size and the amines are then found in the parietal cells. This work appears to show that feeding and starving can affect parts of the digestive system as shown in animals such as snakes that can go long periods without feeding. The salivary glands of insects may have several different control mechanisms that require further work. Abstract The salivary gland of the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus Walker changed size between being starved and fed. Crickets without access to food for 72 h showed a reduction in both wet and dry mass of the glands compared with the glands from continuously fed animals at 72 h. Glands returned to size following ingestion within 10 min. Salivary glands of starved crickets (72 h) were incubated in saline containing either serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA). Glands increased to pre-starvation size after 1 h incubation in situ with either 10−4 moles L−1 5-HT or 10−4 moles L−1 DA, although lower concentrations (10−5 moles L−1) did not affect gland size. From immunohistochemistry, amines appeared to shift from zymogen cells during starvation to parietal cells following feeding. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that serotonin concentration is higher than dopamine in the salivary gland removed from starved and fed crickets, but the quantity of these compounds was not dependent upon feeding state; the amine quantities increased as gland size increased. Further work is necessary to determine what might be the stimulus for gland growth and if dopamine and serotonin play a role in the stimulation of salivary gland growth after a period of starvation.


Background and Aims: Dentists perform color-match process during indirect and direct restorations. Color research has shown that shade guides do not always match the color of natural teeth. Moreover, visual evaluation of dental colors has been found to be inconsistent and unreliable. In fact, it has always been important when using different shade guides. Our purpose in this study was to compare shade selection using two shade guide systems of Vitapan Classical and 3D Master by dental students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: In this analytical, cross-sectional descriptive study, 20 male and 20 female senior dental students with a little clinical experience in working with shade guides were selected. Each student used two shade guides (Vitapan Classical and 3D Master) separately for shade matching. Shade selection was randomly repeated one week later by the same protocol. T - test was used to compare repeatability of color matching (α=0.05). Comparison of the repeatability percentage was done with t-test. Results: Comparison of repeatability percentages of shade matching irrespective of gender showed that percentage of repeatability of shade match in 3D Master system was significantly high (P=0.00). In addition comparison of repeatability means of shade match with different shade guide systems on the basis of gender showed no significant differences (P=0.68). Conclusion: In general, the repeatability percentages of shade matching in 3D Master system was high and shade matching in females with this system was not different than males. Key words: Color vision; indirect restorations; dental students


Abstract We report a case of a 47 year old woman, diagnosed as bronchial asthma, who worsened despite being compliant withtherapy. There was a gradual decline in her personal best peak expiratory flow (PEF) i.e. from 300L/min to 150L/minover six years and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) fell from 46% to 27%. Absence of history of smoking, orcough with copious expectoration ruled out other causes progressive airway obstruction like chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. This posed a clinical puzzle that was solved after HRCT thorax showingbilateral areas of mosaic attenuation, peribronchial concentric thickening, branching centrilobular opacities and a fewcysts in the apical segment of the lower lobe. She subsequently admitted to past history of pulmonary tuberculosis,which was confirmed by review of previous documents. The diagnosis was revised as post infectious obliterativebronchiolitis (OB) and she showed good response to addition of oral bronchodilators to her existing therapy. OB(particularly post infectious) contributes significantly to the burden of chronic airway obstruction especially in thedeveloping countries and must be recognized as a distinct clinical entity.Key words: HRCT, mosaic perfusion, chronic airway obstruction


SUMMARY This article is a joint statement of recommendations for HIV prevention in industrialized countries targeting men who have sex with men. The statement was issued at an international symposium of HIV prevention practitioners and theorists organized in 1996 by the Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, the national German AIDS organization. The objectives! of the symposium were: (1) To identify and critically examine current paradigms; (2) To promote a deeper and more intensive debate;; (3) To create a basis for new international collaborative ventures; and, (4) To consolidate and advance international discussion. The meeting focused on three topics: (1) New and neglected factors influencing people to engage in sexual acts which increase or decrease risk; (2) The meaning of sexuality/sexual acts and identity; and, (3) The factors fostering or impeding the implementation of prevention strategies, present and future. Among the recommendations made by the participants are: placing a greater focus on protective factors a...


Robotics
Exoskeletons can be used to augment human abilities—for example, to lift very heavy loads or to provide greater endurance. For each user, though, a device will need to be adjusted for optimum effect, which can be time-consuming. Zhang et al. show that the human can be included in the optimization process, with real-time adaptation of an ankle exoskeleton (see the Perspective by Malcolm et al. ). By using indirect calorimetry to measure metabolic rates, the authors were able to adjust the torque provided by the device while users were walking, running, and carrying a load.

Science , this issue p. [1280][1]; see also p. [1230][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aal5054
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan5367


Using quantitative high resolution transmission electron microscopy we studied the chemical morphology of wetting layers in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot structures which were optimised for applications to optical devices operating around 1.3 ƒÝm. The samples are grown by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on GaAs substrates. Indium concentration profiles of the wetting layers are evaluated with the composition evaluation by the lattice fringe analysis method. The profiles reveal a clear signature of segregation. A fit of the profiles with the Muraki model for segregation (K. Muraki et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 61 (1992), 557) reveals a segregation efficiency of R=0.65iO0.05 at the growth temperature of 550 ¢XC, which is significantly lower than segregation efficiencies observed in samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy at similar temperatures.


Journal of Women in Culture and Society Signs: Journal of Women in Provide your students with a living Culture and Society was founded hisoryof man's past in Autumn 1975 as an hist of s | | interdisciplinary voice for scholarship about women. Supplement you teachingswPublishing articles and criticism Su pplem ent you r teach ings with in a broad range of academic the new edition of this popular fields, the journal provides a M osby text. in current theo ya dresearchforum for what is newest and best in current heory and research.


Literature language and News language are two different language type,while,for attracting readers,writers more likely apply Literature language in News reports.This paper presents some comments on this phenomenon and make analysis,using examples to understand and comment on it.


Abstract In this paper, for the first time, a complete analysis of the reachable workspace of a spatial Stewart—Gough platform with planar base and platform (SGPP) is presented. The devised workspace algorithms are applied to a commercial 6–6 design. Major importance is given to the visualization of the results of this workspace analysis to provide fast information to the designer on the overall kinematic behaviour of the designed mechanism. Furthermore, it is shown that the reachable workspace also gives the necessary information on how to construct a building enclosing all motion instances of an actual hexapod design.


Abstract : The use of sensors configured into various geometrical shapes called arrays are important in extracting signal information in many applications. This paper explores the effectiveness of a two-dimensional or planar array in extracting signal information from digitized data when additive Gaussian noise and additive impulsive interference are present. Based on the likelihood ratio approach the data output of each sensor is first passed through a zero-memory device. The zero-memory device is neither a nonlinearity or linearity depending on whether the interference is present or not present, respectively. Further processing utilizes a receiver which converts the data at the output of each zero-memory device into frequency components using a discrete-Fourier transform. The frequency components are then weighted and summed over all spatial sensors. The weights are chosen by maximizing a defined performance measure. It is shown that this optimization procedure does not take into account the debilitating effects of impulsive interference. In order to treat theoretically the inclusion of a nonlinearity, to combat impulsive interference, the concept of an ideal nonlinearity is introduced.


Full media age is an information dissemination form with modern communication, internet and other new media as the symbols. Traditional university libraries' service idea and methods can't adapt to the new situation of constant development and readers' demand for the diversity, personalization and precision. University libraries should exert advantages in information resource, talents and technical equipments, and continue to deepen and extend new service fields, especially in the information consultation, so as to make full use of university libraries' resource.


The invention discloses a combined type flue gas residual heat comprehensive utilization system. A first-stage flue gas cooler and a second-stage flue gas cooler are arranged in front of and behind a dust collector respectively to realize stepped utilization of residual heat of exhaust smoke; condensed water with high entropy is heated at a flue gas high-temperature section; cold air with low entropy is heated in a flue gas low-temperature section; and a flue gas low-temperature section cooler and a flue gas high-temperature section cooler run in series. By adopting the comprehensive utilization system, the inlet water temperature level and the closed circulation water temperature level of the second-stage flue gas cooler are raised, and the risks of low-temperature corrosion and closed circulating water freezing in the flue gas cooler are decreased.


This study develops an improved failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method using two-dimensional uncertain linguistic variables (2DULVs) and alternative queuing method (AQM). The 2DULVs are employed to represent the evaluations provided by FMEA team members on the weights of risk factors and the risk of failure modes in the form of pairwise comparisons. The two-dimensional uncertain linguistic best worst method (2DUL-BWM) is used to derive the weights of risk factors. The two-dimensional uncertain linguistic AQM (2DUL-AQM) is proposed for determining the risk ranking of the identified failure modes. Finally, the maintenance of a water treatment plant is presented as an example to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA method. By comparing its performance with those of other existing methods, the proposed FMEA is shown to be more advantageous in ranking the risk of failure modes.


Abstract Seawater contains various elements in solution. Deuterium, lithium, and uranium are the important ingredients for energy application at present and in the future. This paper deals with the recovery of uranium from seawater, with emphasis on the development of an adsorbent with high selectivity and rate of adsorption for uranium. Polyacrylamidoxime chelating resins were synthesized from various co-polymers of acrylonitrile and cross-linking agents. The resulting resins with the chelating amidoxime group showed selective adsorption for uranium in seawater. The amount of uranium adsorbed from seawater at room temperature reached 3.2 mg/g resin after 180 days. Polyacrylamidoxime fiber, which was prepared from polyacrylo-nitrile fiber and hydroxylamine, showed a high rate of adsorption for uranium. The polyacrylamidoxime fiber conditioned with 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH adsorbed 4 mg U/g fiber from seawater in ten days.


Hf44.5Cu27Ni13.5Ti5Al10 bulk amorphous alloy was prepared by copper mold casting process,and then isothermal annealing treatment at different temperatures was carried out.Crystallization behavior of the amorphous alloy was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The effects of isothermal annealing on mechanical properties of the alloy were studied by a MTS810 tester and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The results indicate that the crystallization of the alloy proceeds by the process of Am(amorphous state)→Am+Al16Hf6Ni7→Am+Al16Hf6Ni7+CuTi2→ CuHf2+CuTi2.The fracture strength of the alloy presents first increases,then decreases with the increase of annealing temperature.After annealing at 743 K,the fracture strength reaches the maximum value of 2400 MPa with elastic strain of 3.0%.The nanoscale dimples and periodic corrugations are observed on the fracture surface.The corrugation spacing decreases gradually and eventually disappears with the increase of annealing temperature.The fracture morphology is characterized by river shape pattern of brittle cleavage fracture.


Objective Evaluate endoscopic pneumatic lithotripsy ( PL ) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( ESWL) for treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods The 1730 cases with ureteral calculi wer treated by PL and ESWL. Results of the 130 ptients 121 were successful in PL , of the 1600 patients 1093 were successful in ESWL. Conclutions The endoscop-ic pneumatic lithotripsy was better than extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi.


So far, structural analysis of square shaped composite material had carried out. There was untouched area of circular shaped composite material. We had carried out finite element analysis of circular shaped GFRP composite material and regular non composite (steel) material. finite element analysis results are compared with each other. We have checked feasibility of composite material over non composite material. Keywords— Composite material, GFRP


In this study, a pure culture of Zoogloea ramigera was grown as a film on active carbon particles in a differential fluidized bed biofilm reactor (DFBBR) as a novel experimental system for the application of diffusion-reaction models. The effective diffusion coefficients of the essential substrates; glucose, ammonium ion and oxygen in the active biofilm were simultaneously calculated. The values of effective diffusion coefficients in the active biofilm to those in water varied between 13–34, 48–96 and 28–48% for glucose, ammonium ion and oxygen, respectively, at different biofilm densities, which is in fair agreement with the literature.

Dans cette etude, on a fait croǐtre une culture pure de Zooloea ramigera comme film sur des particules de carbone actives dans un reacteur de biofilm a lit fluidise differentiel comme nouveau systeme experimental dans un but d'application pour des modeles de diffusion-reaction. Les coefficients de diffusion effectifs des principaux substrats, le glucose, l'ion d'ammonium et l'oxygene dans le biofilm actif, ont ete calcules simultanement. Les valeurs de coefficients de diffusion effectifs dans le biofilm actif par rapport a ceux obtenus dans l'eau varient entre 13 et 34%, 48 et 96% et 28 et 48% pour le glucose, l'ion d'ammonium et l'oxygene, respectivement, a des densites de biofilm differentes, ce qui Concorde raisonnablement avec la litterature scientifique.


Recently collected specimens establish that Monocesta coryli occurs in Ohio. This species may not have inhabited the state previously. OHIO J. SCI. 86 (4): 213, 1986 In 1954 Wilcox published the "Leaf Beetles of Ohio (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)" and listed 293 species as having been collected in the state. Surprisingly, the largest species from Ohio, Monocesta coryli (Say), was not on the list. Furthermore, the only published indication that the species might occur in the state is that of Anderson and Papp (1961) who admittedly never saw Ohio specimens. Since 1954, many other species have been reported from Ohio. Most of these newly reported species are probably long-time residents, but were not discovered earlier because of inadequate collecting. However, other species such as Diabrotica virgifera LeConte (western corn rootworm) and Oulema melanopa (Linnaeus) (cereal leaf beetle) are of particular interest because they have recently extended their ranges to include Ohio. Monocesta coryli probably belongs to this second category. Monocesta coryli, also known as the larger elm leaf beetle, is among the largest leaf beetle species in the United States. Because of its conspicuous size, it is likely to be collected wherever it occurs. However, it was not until August 4, 1979 that James Sargent and Charles A. FIGURE 1. Monocesta coryli (Say). Manuscript received 10 February and in revised form 16 July 1986 (#86-9). Triplehorn collected a specimen from Shawnee State Forest in Scioto County. They recognized it as belonging to this species and thereby established for the first time that M. coryli occurs in Ohio. No special effort was made at that time to discover additional specimens. Nonetheless, specimens from Athens, Gallia, Lawrence, Pike, and Ross counties soon appeared in 4-H collections at the 1981 Ohio State Fair. Many specimens have been collected subsequently from various localities in southern Ohio. The only obvious explanations for this recent abundance and previous absence of specimens are that M. coryli is a new addition to the Ohio fauna, or that the size of the population has increased dramatically during recent years. The following specimens are in either the Collection of Insects and Spiders at The Ohio State University (OSU) or my personal collection (SMCC): OHIO: Adams Co., 3-VIII-1980, L. Riffle (1 female, OSU); Fairfield Co., O.S.U. Barnebey Center, 12-VII-1983, B. S. & S. M. Clark ( l male, SMCC); Hocking Co., Ash Cave, 24-VII-1983, S.M. Clark (l male, SMCC); Hocking Co., Logan, 20-VII-1981, Virginia Cook (l female, OSU); Pickaway Co., Circleville, 9-VIII-1981 (l male, 2 females, OSU); Ross Co., Chillicothe, 9-VIII-1981 (3 males, 2 females, OSU); Ross Co., Tar Hollow, 4-VIII-1984, B .S . & S.M. Clark, on Ulmus sp. (15 males, 17 females, SMCC); Ross Co., Tar Hollow St. For., Ross Hollow Campground, 20/21-VII-1984, R. L. Aalbu (2 males, 6 females, SMCC); Scioto County, Shawnee State Forest, 4-VIII-1979, J. Sargent (l male, OSU). All of the Ohio specimens lack the metallic blue areas on the elytra that are characteristic of most specimens from other parts of the range. This provides further evidence that M. coryli is a recent introduction into Ohio, the atypical color possibly reflecting the restricted gene pool of a few founding individuals. Ohio specimens of M. coryli are easily distinguished from other leaf beetle species by their large size (10.0-16.0 mm in length). They are usually broadest in the posterior half of the elytra, and their color is pale, yellowish brown. The larvae feed on the leaves of elm (Ulmus) and hazel (Corylus). I encourage further studies of this species, especially those that will provide insight as to why its range may have only recently included Ohio.


Nowadays with increasing environmental concerns, many researchers start using biocomposites such as wood fiber, bamboo, sisal, hemp and flax for composites manufacturing. Generally, wood plastic composites (WPCs) have gained interest in commercial markets for automobile (interior panels, trunk liners, spare tire covers, and package trays) and construction (deck boards, stairs, post sleeves, and hand rails) fields. WPC needs less maintenance than the alternatives of solid wood treated with preservatives or solid wood of rot-resistant species and claimed as more environmentally friendly by manufacturers. Since it can performs like conventional wood, it does not require special fasteners and design changes in application. In this study, our attempt for development of WPCs is focused on using wood fibers (Eucalyptus sp.) with polypropylene. Polypropylene is used, as it has high melting point of 170 °C and its mechanical properties are constant at ambient temperature. It also has dimensional consistency, impact resistance and high strength-to-weight ratios. Two types of fillers (virgin and recycled polypropylene) and three types of filler loadings (10%, 30% and 50%) were used for compounding with wood fibers. In addition, recycled polypropylene is used instead of recycled ethylene because of the availability of virgin polypropylene supplies in study area. Recycled polypropylene can easily get from broken plastic buckets, basins, bottles and others.


Abstract Predictions of how salt marsh primary production and carbon storage will respond to environmental change can be improved through detailed datasets documenting responses to real‐world environmental variation. To address a shortage of detailed studies of natural variation, we examined drivers of Spartina alterniflora stem allometry and productivity in seven marshes across three regions in southern Louisiana. Live‐stem allometry varied spatially and seasonally, generally with short stems weighing more (and tall stems weighing less) in the summer and fall, differences that persist even after correcting for flowering. Strong predictive relationships exist between allometry parameters representing emergent stem mass and mass accumulation rates, suggesting that S. alterniflora populations navigate a trade‐off between larger mass at emergence and faster rates of biomass accumulation. Aboveground production and belowground production were calculated using five and four approaches, respectively. End‐of‐season aboveground biomass was a poor proxy for increment‐based production measures. Aboveground production (Smalley) ranged from 390 to 3,350 g m−2 year−1 across all marshes and years. Belowground production (max–min) was on average three times higher than aboveground; total production ranged from 1,400 to 8,500 g m−2 year−1. Above‐ and belowground production were both positively correlated with dissolved nutrient concentrations and negatively correlated to salinity. Synthesis: Interannual variation in water quality is sufficient to drive above‐ and belowground productivity. The positive relationship between nutrients and belowground production indicates that inputs of nutrients and freshwater may increase salt marsh carbon storage and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise.


This law was passed by the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to protect human health and the environment by controlling water pollution.


Presentation of Case A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a left hilar mass. She was well until 15 years earlier, when a routine x-ray film of the chest was reported to show ...


The variety of nanowire crystal structures gave rise to unique and novel transport phenomena. In particular, we have explored the superlattice profile generated by strain field modulation in twinplane nanowires for the tuning of transport channels and the built-in spin-orbit potential profile of polytypic nanowires, in order to realize a spin filter. The Multicomponent Scattering Approach has been used in terms of the Transfer Matrix Method to describe the phase-time of charge carriers. This system showed advantages for attaining conditions for the propagation of wave packets with negative group velocity. Moreover, the spin transport effect of a potential profile with volumetric spin-orbit bulk inversion asymmetry, as present on polytypic nanowires, was described through the Reverse Runge-Kutta Method. Using the peculiar symmetry of the excited states we have characterized a dominant spin dependence on structural parameters that results in effective spin filtering.


This assignment was made with a purpose to apply the tecnique of moral education known as "just community" proposed by Kohlberg's and his colleagues from Harvard University. A Training Program was applyed at CCDIA, a non govermental association located at Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, in order to encourage the values, attitudes and more constructive information in the connections that prepare students to live peacefully.. The CCDIA was choosed for this assignment due to the work that has been accomplished with endangered chlidren and adolescents residents of Niteroi's suburbs, with the intention to offer education reinforcemnet and the reintragration of those who has abandoned school. Having in mind the dicussion of hypothetical dilemmas for groups theory and a program that had as methodology group dynamics describing each key components, such as: co-operative apprenticeship to structured day-to-day conflict resolutions witnessed at school where the pedadagogical and cultural dimensions were articulated. The conclusion was draw through the program's evaluation, wich is efficient as a support when it comes to decreasing the conflicts inside the institution, wich may reflect on the students attitude inside or outside of it. Is also argued the application of these programs and evaluations for brazilian comunities context in general.


In order to get a more systematic view of the different effects of buoyant flow induced by gravity in directional solidification of metallic alloys, we made a study of the structure and composition of samples solidified with a parallel orientation relative to gravity on earth. The solute gradient in the melt immediately ahead of the mushy zone is not expected to be a major factor in solute convection for dendritic growth and the solute convection will be mostly dominated by the solute gradient in the interdendritic melt. The change in the length of the mushy zone affects the intensity of the solute convection because the length of mushy zone is not constant even when the steady-state dendritic growth is maintained during upward directional solidification.


Hepatic tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Hepatic tuberculous lesions are especially mimicking tumour-like mass or cystic lesions in the liver and so can be misdiagnosed with several diseases. Histopathological examination of the specimen is essential in the diagnosis for hepatic tuberculosis. In this report, two cases with hepatic tuberculosis having cystic solid mass and abscess liver lesions are described.


N, N'-Dicyclohexylformamidine (DCFA) was allowed to react with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) at room temperature in the presence of pyridine to give N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in 61% yield. An equimolar amount of DCFA and bromine was allowed to react and successively treated with 10% aqueous NaOH to give DCC (78%). On the other hand, DCC was also obtained when DCFA was treated with sodium hypochlorite, 1-chlorobenzotriazole or trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of 10% aqueous NaOH. DCFA (1 mol) was allowed to react with NBS (1/2 mol) to give DCFA-HBr salt (44%) and DCC (26%). Similar reaction of DCFA (1 mol) with bromine (1/3 mol) was carried out to give DCFA-HBr salt (54%) and DCC (18%). 1 : 1 Addition product was formed when DCFA-HBr salt was treated with an equimolar amount of bromine and on treatment with 10% aqueous NaOH, 1 : 1 addition product afforded DCC in 72% yield.


For axially functionally graded beams with elastic modulus varying through the longitudinal directions, a measurement model for Young's modulus is presented based on the classic Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. When the force and deflection of cantilever beams are measured by the experiment method, the Young's modulus of axially functionally graded beams can be obtained by the measurement model. By the derivation rule of compound functions, the validity of the measurement model is proved. For the axially functionally graded beams with elastic modulus varying according to the power law and the exponential law respectively, the deflection is simulated by the finite element method. The simulated elastic modulus by the model is in accord with the theoretical value well.


Background and aim: It is suggested that hearing impaired children with hearing aids and cochlear implant, showed poor pragmatic abilities. Pragmatic is the most related language component to social interaction. Further, it has effect on personality development and self-esteem. The main aim of the present study is investigating the relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in hearing impaired children. Materials and methods: sixty hearing impaired children with hearing aids or cochlear implant were included into this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then parents or other caregivers were asked to fulfill Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) and self-esteem questionnaire. The participants were divided into three groups based on hearing impairment severity, including: severe, moderate and mild. The relationship between pragmatic ability and self-esteem was examined in three groups and without considering categorization, by Pearson correlation coefficient, significant level was 0.05. Ethical considerations: This project is approved in Arak university of medical sciences with ethical registration code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.150. All parents gave written informed consent form. findings: the results illustrated that there is significant relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in all hearing impairment children without considering categorization (p<0.05). By considering categorization, significant relationship was showed in self-esteem and pragmatic abilities in moderate and mild groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: according to our analysis, pragmatic abilities and self-esteem are related. This relationship is more obvious in low severity impairment.


Purpose: To develop a 3D quality assurance (QA) tool for Cyberknife plans using a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation package, gDPM. The developed QA tool will be used as a secondary check for Cyberknife treatment planning software (TPS) reported dose distributions. Methods: Phase space files of the 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 60 mm iris cones were downloaded from IAEA phase-space database. From the 60mm iris cone phase space file, we were able to generate raw phase space files for all other cones using a particle rejection method. The particles in the raw phase space files were binned with respect to the radial position and energy for commissioning. During the commissioning process, gDPM calculated percent depth dose and off-center ratios which were compared to those measured in the Blue Phantom. The off-axis data was measured with an SAD setup at depths of 15, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mm. At the commissioning stage, an optimization problem was solved to adjust the binned particles weights to minimize the difference between the calculated and measured ones. Commissioning validations will be performed by measuring point dose data of patient specific plans delivered to water phantoms. With commissioned phase space files, 3D patient-specific dose distributions will be calculated and compared against TPS reported dose. Results: Beyond the initial buildup region, the root mean square difference between the calculated and measured percent depth dose differences was less than 0.5%. The full-width half-max data from the off-axis ratio calculations was found to be within 0.1 mm of the measured data. Conclusion: Our current work showed excellent agreement between the gDPM calculated dose and the measured data for all cone sizes and types for the Cyberknife system. Implementation of a fast and accurate QA tool for patient specific plans will be feasible with this tool.


This research is entitled Elements of Javanese – Dutch Culture in Mas Marco Kartodikromo's Student Hidjo Novel (Literary Anthropological Studies). This study aims to describe elements of Javanese culture and elements of Dutch culture contained in the novel Student Hidjo by Mas Marco Kartodikromo. The source of data is the novel Student Hidjo by Mas Marco Kartodikromo. The approach used is the approach of literary anthropology. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used are reading, recording, and literature studies. From the results, the elements of Javanese cultural and Dutch cultural exist in this novel. In terms of data that indicating elements of Javanese culture in Student Hidjo Novel, 7 data were found related to living equipment and technology,  8 data related to livelihoods,  14 data related to the societal system, 20 data  related to cultural elements related to language,  4 data related to the arts, 3 data relating to knowledge systems, 5 data related to religion. Meanwhile, elements of Dutch culture in Student Hidjo novels related to living equipment and technology were found 2 data, 6 data related to livelihoods, 2 data related to the societal system, 50 data related to language, 2 data related to art,  3 data related to the knowledge system, while no data was found related to religion. Of the seven cultural elements, all proves the difference between Javanese culture and Dutch culture in the novel Student Hidjo.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Eu2(C8H8NO2)6(C12H8N2)2]n, the EuIII atoms are bridged by two tridentate, two bidentate and four mondentate carboxylate groups with an inversion centre between the two EuIII ions of this dinuclear structural unit. Each Eu atom is nine-coordinated by two 1,10-phenanthroline N atoms and seven O atoms of four anilinoacetate ligands. In the crystal structure, the chains are linked by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a polymeric ribbon structure.


After spinning off from the USSR, which itself melted down in 1990, the Ukraine`s energy situation has worsened. Reason: Despite its agricultural blessing - the famous black soils that made the Ukraine Russia`s breadbasket - the country lacks comparable indigenous energy resources and must import fossil fuels to meet more than half of its energy needs. In 1995, for example, the country generated 80.4-million tons of oil equivalent (toe), but imported 84.9-million toe as well. This paper discusses the status of the energy resources, energy industry, and future prospects.


Central America is exposed to a variety of natural hazards such as earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslides, and floods. This study considers Central America as a group of six countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, on the basis of their geographical, cultural, historical, and geopolitical backgrounds. The region, located on four conjunct tectonic plates, with 24 active volcanoes, and in the path of hurricanes, has experienced 348 disasters in the last 40 years (from 1980 to 2010), resulting in 29,007 deaths (725 on an average per year) and US$16.5 billion in economic losses (US$400 million per year) (Emergencies Disasters Data Base (EM-DAT), 2009). This amount of US$16.5 billion in economic losses is nearly three times greater than Nicaragua's GDP in 2009 (US$6.14 billion), according to Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2010) data. High disaster risk in the region is also demonstrated from the World Bank (2005) indicating that all six Central American countries rank among the top 35 countries in the world at high mortality risk from multiple hazards.


In this paper, we first systematically analyze existing phase frequency detectors from aspects of theoretical analysis and circuit operation. Based on the circuit architecture, both classifications and comparisons are made. Then we propose a high speed phase frequency detector for PLL design. The proposed phase frequency detector is simple in its structure and has no glitch output as well as better phase characteristics. Furthermore, some simulations results by HSPICE are performed based on 0.35 mum process parameters. Several prior art phase frequency detectors with the proposed one are compared for phase sensitivity, dead zone characteristics and maximum operation frequency. Based on simulation results, the proposed phase frequency detector shows satisfactory circuit performance with higher operation frequency, lower phase jitter and smaller circuit complexity. The speed of the proposed phase frequency detector is up to 3.5GHz. Moreover, the circuit design of a GHz PLL has been completed including high speed VCO, charge pump and phase frequency detector with an external loop filter. The total layout size excluding pads is 216.3mum times 47.85mum. The post-layout simulations for 1.1 GHz PLL loop operation has been shown and verified


Objective To describe the technique of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for treatment of pituitary adenoma.Method Clinical data of 100 patients with pituitary adenoma that underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery between September 2003 and March 2006 was analyzed.30 patients had microadenomas,35 patients macroadenomas,and 35 patients gigantic adenomas.68 patients had hormone secreting adenomas.32 had non-functioning adenomas.All operations were performed through a nostril using pure rigid endoscopes.Results Among the 100 patients,total resection was in 93 patients,subtotal resection in 7 patients.32 patients developed postoperative diabetes insipidus,5 developed CSF leakage.All patients were followed by mean 28 months,residual tumor was found in 10 patients.Among 12 patients with tumor recurrence,10 performed second endoscopic endonasal surgery and 2 underwent transcranial surgery.18 patients were treated with gamma knife surgery and 11 patients were treated with a course of bromocriptine therapy.Conclusions Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a mini-invasive surgical technique for treatment of pituitary adenomas.


Background: The various studies have found out significant amount of menstrual problems among adolescent girls. Some of the most common problems are dysmenorrhoes, premenstrual syndrome, abnormal uterine bleeding, amennorhoea, etc. The situation is especially worse in rural areas. These problems aggravate the psychological problems like depression. Objective: To study the menstrual problems, among female students of junior college students from rural area of Sangli District. Methodology: It was cross-sectional study conducted in randomly selected higher secondary college in rural area from Western Maharashtra, during September 2012 to October 2012. The calculated sample size for the study was 121. The sampling technique used was stratified ramdom sampling. A self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis was done using percentage and chi – square test. Results: Total 186 girl students participated in the study. Total 119 (64%) students were suffering from some menstrual problems. Dysmenorrhea was the commonest menstrual problem, and was present in 42.5% students. It was followed by weakness & giddiness during menstruation, menorrhagia, irregular menstruation etc. Primary amenorrhoea was present in 33 students. While 32 were suffering from premenstrual syndrome. Depression was present in 34.4% of students. Among those suffering from any menstrual problems only 43 (36.13 %) had consulted to doctor at some point of time. Conclusion: Menstrual Problems are present among majority of the adolescent girls, which highlights the need for proper professional counseling.


This paper mainly discussed the flood series of Shitouhe River from 1954-2008 according to the modern standards.The analysis showed that the present design flood has the increasing tendency compared with the design flood because the flood type of Shitouhe is the storm flood.Based on the annual flood series,the flood of Shitouhe is increasing in accordance with the global warming.The present design flood peak discharge is 12.3% less than the original design flood plus the secure correct value.Therefore,the Shitouhe Reservior can be operated safely at the present stage.


A new relaxation strategy is presented in this paper to approximately solve the quadratically and linearly constrained quadratic programming. To improve the conservation of traditional semidefinite relaxation (SDR) strategy, we introduce a new linear constraint, which can be derived from the constraints oforiginal problem, to theSDRproblem. Furthermore, arandomizationmethod isprovidedtoextractgood feasible solution of original problem from optimal solution of relaxed problem. Some numerical examples show that the proposed method can efficiently improve the performance of the traditional SDR strategy.


In this paper, a method to design robust sliding hyperplane is proposed in the presence of mismatched parametric uncertainty for the linear control system with time-delays based on quadratic stability. The robust sliding hyperplane is constructed from a Riccati inequality associated with quadratic stabilizability. The proposed method enables us to deal with structured uncertainly and optimize the sliding motion by applying the guaranteed cost control idea.


Renewable energy benefit evaluation is the basis for solving pricing/clearing problems in the related markets. The core difficulty of such a problem is how to distinguish with the electricity benefits and the uncertainty cost brought by the integration of renewable energy. At present, some methods such as uncertainty marginal price, are used to evaluate the renewable energy uncertainty cost. However, on the one hand, problems such as transmission congestion are not considered properly in some evaluation method and thus, the evaluated reserve may not be dispatchable in the real operation. On the other hand, some methods are only valid for stochastic programming based methods. Therefore, a new evaluation method for renewable energy uncertainty cost and availability benefit is proposed in this paper. The evaluation method can obtain the uncertainty cost and benefits in overall scheduling periods. Transmission congestion is considered properly in the proposed evaluation method. Besides, the proposed method does not rely on the form of stochastic programming models, and thus is suitable for different stochastic programming models. The influence of stochastic programming models and renewable energy locations are analyzed in numerical testing, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Field programmable gate arrays are an ideal substrate for computer architecture project courses. FPGA-based processor development offers some learning opportunities that pure simulation approaches cannot rival. This paper first introduces the XSOC Project, a free kit that includes the xr16 RISC CPU core, system-on-a-chip infrastructure, peripheral cores, C compiler, and simulator. Such kits have numerous applications in a first architecture course. It then suggests that FPGA-based processors can also be applied to the study of advanced architecture topics including memory systems, multithreading, LIWs, chip multiprocessors, and architectural support for programming languages and networking.


Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band gap material that shows great promise in high-power and high temperature electronics applications because of its high thermalconductivity and high breakdown electrical field. This paper describes how the outstanding physical andelectronic properties ofSiC permit the fabrication of devices that can operate athigher temperature and power levels than devices fabricated from other material such as silicon orGaAs. In spite of, recent electronics depends primarily upon Silicon based devices;this material is not capable of handling many greater requirements. Devices which operate at high frequency, at high power levels and are to be used in seriousenvironments at high temperatures and high radiation levels required other materialswith wider band gaps than that of silicon. Many space and ground based application rather than satellite applications also have a requirement for wide band gap materials. SiC also has great strength for high power and frequency operation due to a high saturated drift velocity. The Wide band gap permit for unusual optoelectronic applications that include blue light emitting diodes and ultraviolet photo detectors New areas involving gas sensing and RF applications offer significant promise. Overall, the properties of SiC make it one of the best prospects for extending the capabilities and operational regimes of the current semiconductor device technology.


Short term sampling methods for Rn analyses have been considered by many to be unreliable for use in real estate transactions. This opinion has been based upon the recognized tact that Rn may vary with fairly short time periods and that some of these variations may be quite large. However, many of the published data regarding variation of concentration were not taken within the complete confines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol for screening tests. This paper presents an analysis of data from alpha track detectors, continuous Rn monitors, passive activated charcoal canisters, passive electret detectors, and one hour air samples collected on activated charcoal in two homes where the EPA protocols were strictly followed. These data were used to describe the mean concentration over the period of the test, the variance of the mean, the confidence intervals and the probability of shorter term samples being within an acceptable range of the mean.


Users can access multiple wireless networks simultaneously because of the explosive development of wireless technologies and a mobile device. This paper proposes a packet scheduling scheme to efficiently exploit multiple wireless networks simultaneously. The proposed scheme estimates the available bandwidth in multiple wireless networks by modifying TCP-friendly Rate Control (TFRC) algorithm. It also distributes video packets over multiple wireless networks simultaneously on basis of the estimated available bandwidth. Through the simulation results, we prove that the proposed scheme improves the performance of throughput and reduces the packet loss ratio. Our scheme can provide seamless transmission of life media contents which are a user created contents on the basis of the user daily life.


Context Induced hypotension to minimize bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is of vital importance to the surgeon and anesthetist to decrease the risk of complications as well as procedural failure. Aim This study was designed to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, magnesium sulfate, or glyceryl trinitrate in inducing deliberate hypotension during FESS and their effect on postoperative recovery, discharge, and postoperative analgesic requirement. Settings and design This was a randomized prospective single-blind study. Patients and methods Sixty patients of ASA physical status I or II scheduled for FESS were equally randomly assigned into three groups. The glyceryl trinitrate group (the G group) received glyceryl trinitrate infusion of 2-10 μg/kg/min. The dexmedetomidine group (the DEX group) received dexmedetomidine bolus of 1 μg/kg, followed by 0.2-0.7 μg/kg/h infusion for maintenance, and the magnesium sulfate group (the M group) received a bolus of 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate, followed by infusion of 15 mg/kg/h for maintenance. The target mean arterial pressure was 55-65 mmHg. Hemodynamic parameters, blood lose, surgical field quality, intraoperative atropine, ephedrine or fentanyl use, emergence time, time to achieve an Aldrete score of 9 or greater, sedation score, time of discharge from postanesthesia care unit, and time to first analgesic request were recorded. Results The studied drugs achieved the target mean arterial pressure (55-65 mmHg) with superior hemodynamic stability in the DEX group. Intraoperative blood lose and quality of the surgical field were comparable. Both dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate offered the advantage of inherent analgesic and sedative effect, but at the expense of longer recovery of anesthesia and discharge from postanesthesia care unit. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine, magnesium sulfate, or glyceryl trinitrate induced deliberate hypotension, with superior hemodynamic stability in dexmedetomidine. Analgesic and sedative effects were obtained with dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate, but with longer recovery and discharge times.


The incidence of cancer in Malaysia is rising alarmingly and newly qualified doctors will be expected to be competent in the basic management of cancer patients. However, the opportunity to gain experience in oncology management will remain limited unless these students are stationed in an oncology unit which is solely dedicated to the treatment of such patients. Therefore, it is essential that undergraduate medical school training equips students with a sound knowledge- base, so that they can confidently manage basic oncological conditions appropriately. With the many private and local medical universities across the country, it is important that oncology training be standardized and reflective of the local resources available, and government health policies. As a result, having a standardized curriculum would help create a framework whereby competencies in cancer management would be accurately assessed.


duced in 1945 and a commission to study the problems confronting women had been supported by the Women's Bureau coalition since 1946.) Also of interest to policy specialists will be the switch from the inside access model of agenda building on women's issues to one of outside initiative; with the formation of NOW, the federal government had to respond to demands sustained by a high degree of public awareness instead of initiating moderate actions in the calm of general disinterest. The role played in presidential administrations by the heads of the Democratic and Republican National Committees' Women's Divisions, as described here, well illustrates both the limitations and potentialities of party office.


Bibliometric analysis of publicity data on the handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia was carried out using Tableau and Vosviewer software. The research was conducted by using the literature search method using Google Scholar. The search was carried out from March 2020 to September 2020 using the keywords Covid-19 and Indonesia. The search results are then grouped based on author name, title and publication source. The results of grouping publications for Covid-19 handlers using Microsof Exel are grouped based on handling criteria. For publication sources analyzed using Software Tableau. Meanwhile, writer collaboration and keyword mapping were analyzed using the VosViewer software. The results of the analysis based on the criteria for handling Covid-19 show that most publications are in the form of treatment / prevention then followed by the impact / effect. Collaboration analysis using VosViewer software shows that Ian Huang is the most collaborative writer with 20 publications, followed by Raymond Pranata with 15 publications. The most publications on handling Covid-19 were published in Medica Hospitalia with 29 articles, followed by SALAM: Syar'i Social and Cultural Journal with 18 articles. Mapping results using VosViewer show that the handling of Covid-19 is divided into 4 clusters. Based on the visualization map, it is known that the most widely carried out research publications on Covid-19 are prevention / control in the context of accelerating the handling of the Covid pandemic, then followed by government policies in dealing with Covid-19 and economic policies during the Covid-19 pandemic.


T HE CONCEPT OF "the public interest" is important for at least two reasons. In the first place, the debate over the meaning and usefulness of the term in recent academic literature, especially in the field of political science but also to some extent in law, contains a great deal of intrinsic interest. The idea is important in the law of regulatory commissions; it appears frequently in the literature of public administration; and it abounds in political speeches and editorials.1 Recently the activities of public-interest lobbies on behalf of consumer and environmental causes have attracted extensive attention and comment.


In the present work we report the effect of pressure on the temperature dependent electrical resistivity ρ (T) of three Co/Cu magnetic multilayers (MML) having different Cu layer thickness, tcu. Two are antiferromagnetic (AF) and one is ferromagnetic (F). It is found that at room temperature the electrical resistivity, ρ, of F sample decreases largely by applying pressure compared with that of AF samples; 8 % and 4 % decrease at 2. 2 GPa for F and AF samples, respectively. At low temperatures MMLs show a large residual resistivity ρ0 reflecting much existence of magnetic and structural disorders in the sample, which decreases largely with increasing pressure having pressure coefficient -2. 3×10-2 GPa. Furthermore, the value of the coefficient of a T2-term of ρ (T), A, is decreased by applying pressure and its decreasing rate, ∂lnA/∂P, of Co/Cu MML with AF state is much larger than that with F state. It is suggested that the s-d interband scattering of conduction electrons due to local spin disorder in Co/Cu MML with AF state is more sensitive to pressure than that in Co/Cu with F state.


The basement produces oyster mushroom.There are various effective measures to promote the oyster mushroom increasing the production.The various factor stimulation can make entity number and mass rise.


The article discusses the creation of the state forest registry as part of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation.


The Arghash area is located 45 km to southwest of Neyshabour. The subvolcanic rocks in the area consist of biotite hornblende quartz monzodiorite porphyry, hornblende biotite quartz monzodiorite porphyry, hornblende monzonite porphyry, biotite hornblende monzonite porphyry, monzodiorite porphyry and biotite quartz monzodiorite porphyry units. The volcanic rocks consist of hornblende biotite dacite, biotite hornblende dacite, and andesite and pillow lava. The plutonic rocks consist of hornblende monzodiorite, hornblende monzonite, quartz monzonite, hornblende quartz monzodiorite, biotite granodiorite, hornblende granodiorite, biotite hornblende granodiorite, biotite quartz diorite and pyroxene dolerite units. Five types of alteration including propylitic, carbonate, argillic, silicification and sericitic were recognized. Those are subdivided into twelve sub-zones based on the mineral abundances and intensity of alteration. Primary pyrite, 3-4%, is found mainly as disseminated. Secondary mineralization includes limonite, hematite and jarosite. Twenty rock chip and 8 stream sediment samples were collected for geochemical exploration. The samples were analysed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag and Sb using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometric (AAS) method. In stream sediment samples, Cu abundance is 34-58 ppm, Zn 45-422 ppm, Pb 28-42 ppm and Ag 2-12 ppm; whereas in rock chip samples, Cu abundance is 8-1137 ppm, Zn 13-411 ppm, Pb 15-97 ppm and Ag 3-32 ppm.


Phospholipase A2 of sea snake venom is under development as an anti-neoplastic a-gent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant Lapemis hard-wicki phospholipase A2 on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in rat. Methods: rat aortic VSMCs were cultured and treated with phospholipase A2 at different doses. Proliferation was quantified by colormetric assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cy-tomertry. Results;Compared to control, 100mg昄-1 recombinant Lapemis hardwicki phospholipase A2 can inhibited VSMCs growth. (P0. 05). Cell number in G0/G1 phase of PLA2 100mg昄-1 group was higher than those of control group (P0. 01) by flow cytometry analysis. Conclusions:recombinant Lapemis hardwicki phospholipase A2 can markedly inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle Cells in rat and may prevent the newborn intimal proliferation after angioplasty.


The review by Waters and Fernyhough1 makes it clear that there is nothing especially distinctive about hallucinations in schizophrenia, not even to the extent of hallucinations in the auditory modality being more prevalent than in the visual one or hallucinations in schizophrenia having a greater preponderance of angry, critical voices. Hallucinations may occur both in people without mental disturbances and also as a consequence of many different pathologies including tinnitus and Parkinson's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This conclusion is consistent with a Research Domain Criteria (RDoc) approach to psychiatric nosology, as hallucinations are evidently trans-diagnostic with respect to the categorical diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis (see also the associated Commentary by Judith Ford2). What does this mean for animal models of hallucinations and, more indirectly, for understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying hallucinations? Is the task of modeling hallucinatory behavior in animals any more revealing or useful than it was some 50 years ago when there was a major drive to understand the effects of hallucinogenic drugs acting at serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptors, such as lysergic acid diethylamide?3This commentary will endeavor to address these issues in the context of recent neuroscientific advances. Most definitions of hallucinations generally stress the uncoupling of subjective responses to external input. Such dissociations, which imply a loss of stimulus control or attention to input, are complementary in some ways to those of other disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, where there is a loss of experienced response control or attention to output. The obvious fact that hallucinations in humans are generally defined in terms of subjective verbal report immediately appears to impose difficulties for animal studies, as also for other disorders such as depression. However, to adopt a skeptical stance, the inference of hallucinations in humans often itself depends on less than reliable subjective reports rather than directly measurable overt behavior, whereas it is often possible to infer some correlate of subjective processing in experimental animals from their overt behavior. In other words, it may be feasible to bridge what initially seems to be an impossibly wide gap between animal and human sensory experience, especially if a neuroscientific approach is adopted to make functional links via the strategy of triangulation of common mechanisms. Changes in overt behavior in animals in the apparent absence of changes in sensory input are not in general sufficiently convincing as evidence of hallucinations because the behavior could simply be generated spontaneously. For example, limb flicks in cats4 or head twitches5 or startle6 in rodents or checking behaviors in monkeys7 caused by drugs such as 5-HT2A or dopamine receptor agonists could simply arise from forms of motor disinhibition in descending output pathways. The fact that such simple behaviors are produced by drugs known to be hallucinogenic in humans and are predictive of hallucinogenic potency in humans is certainly relevant, although given that 5-HT receptors are so widely dispersed in brain regions specialized for sensory, associative, and motor functions, this makes the correlations less compelling. But the occurrence of entire coherent sequences of apparently goal-directed behavior occurring in the absence of sensory support or the goal itself makes the inference of hallucination much more convincing. For example, the influential model of amphetamine psychosis arising from chronic administration of amphetamine produces not only repetitive stereotyped movements and a progressive fragmentation of behavior in rats,8 cats,9 and nonhuman primates10 but some examples of monkeys apparently attending to imaginary stimuli in space, retrieving the stimuli with a grasp, and then bringing the "object" to the COMMENTARY


An elbow-type manipulator with a shoulder offset may assume a given wrist position in as many as four different configurations (shoulder right/left, elbow up/down). The inverse kinematic solution that defines each of these configurations for a PUMA 560 robot arm is derived trigonometrically. This solution is also compared with a previously reported solution (see ibid., vol.11, no.6, p.449-55, June 1981).


Objective To investigate the effects of turmeric oil on ultrastructure of keratinocyte. Methods The changes of ultrastructure of COLO-16 cells after treated by turmeric oil of different concentrations for two and three days were observed by a transmission electron microscope. Results Turmeric oil induced the collapse of cell organs and cytolysis. The damage markedly increased with increase of the dose and extension of the time. Conclusion The ultrastructure of keratinocytes was directly damaged by turmeric oil, it is thought to be a drug to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.


The authors show that deviations from the law of one price in tradable goods are an important source of violations of absolute PPP across countries. Using highly disaggregated export data, they document systematic international price discrimination: at the U.S. dock, U.S. exporters ship the same good to low-income countries at lower prices. This pricing-to-market is about twice as important as any local non-traded inputs, such as distribution costs, in explaining the differences in tradable prices across countries. The authors propose a model of consumer search that generates pricing-to-market. In this model, consumers in low-income countries have a comparative advantage in producing non-traded, non-market search activities and therefore are more price sensitive than consumers in high-income countries. They present cross-country time use evidence and evidence from U.S. export prices that are consistent with the model.


Introduction The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of aspects of urban social change by orientating the analysis around a grassroots-level focus . Specifically, bottomup experiences of and responses to some of the contradictions of Dublin's new-town experiment arc explored . highlighting both critical perspectives on the limits of this experiment in peripheral urban expansion and efforts to find alternative , independent solutions through bottom-up development practices. The paper first provides some contextual material in an overview of a larger research programme from which the discussion draws. It then examines some community perspectives on the problems of new-town planning as it was implemented in Tallaght on the western periphery of Dublin, drawing on qualitative analysis of interview data in order to gain some insight from the level of everyday life. The final section focuses on efforts to explore and implement alternatives through autonomous local development initiatives of various kinds.


{ital B}-meson semileptonic decay spectra have been obtained at the {Upsilon}(4{ital S}) and at the {Upsilon}(5{ital S}) at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring with the Columbia University--Stony Brook detector. The branching ratio for {ital B}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu}{ital X} at the {Upsilon}(4{ital S}) is found to be (10.0{plus minus}0.5)%. The electron spectrum of {ital B}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu}{ital X} at the {Upsilon}(5{ital S}) is observed for the first time and the average branching ratio of {ital B},{ital B}{sub {ital s}}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu}{ital X} is consistent with that for {ital B}'s from {Upsilon}(4{ital S}) decays. The shape of the electron spectrum at the {Upsilon}(5{ital S}) indicates production of {ital B} mesons which are heavier than nonstrange {ital B}'s, presumably strange {ital B}'s.


If G is a finitely presented group, then H2 (∞) (G, A) vanishes for all injective Banach spaces iff the regularized homological area function satisfies the linear isoperimetric inequality. This contrasts with the known result that G is word hyperbolic iff the homological area function satisfies the linear isoperimetric inequality. A closed 3-manifold group G is hyperbolic iff H2 (∞) (G, A) vanishes for all injective Banach spaces A. A vanishing theorem is proved for the fundamental group of a closed Riemannian manifold of negative curvature. §


With numerical modelling experiments we examine the influence of the 660 km post-spinel phase transition on the excess temperatures in and transport of compositional heterogeneity by deep mantle upwellings. We test our results against available observations on ocean island basalts (OIB). The endothermic post-spinel transition can cause localised, transient layering of convective flow in the upper mantle transition zone. Upwellings from the lower mantle, in our models the passive (mechanically driven) return flow from active (buoyancy-driven) downwellings, can transport heterogeneous material from deep mantle reservoirs across the transition zone into the upper mantle, but the phase transition can act as a chemical filter that can (locally) retain intrinsically denser elements in the lower mantle. A compositionally heterogeneous signature in upwellings from the lower mantle (e.g. Hofmann, A.W., 1997. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385, 219–229) that is consistent with chemical diversity in OIB can be produced for a wide range of mantle evolution scenarios and stability conditions of compositional heterogeneity in the lower mantle. We demonstrate that the excess temperature in upwellings crossing the phase boundary increases with the background temperature contrast across the endothermic phase transformation, which itself increases with the degree of convective layering. For cases with a low degree of layering at the transition zone, the combination of upwellings of mid-mantle origin and intrinsically hot, deep-seated upwellings produce model results consistent with the formation of hotspots and large igneous provinces (LIP) at the surface. For high degrees of convective layering, however, lower mantle upwellings of high excess temperature would generate (with high frequency) massive flood basalt events. In view of the strong influence of transition zone convective layering on excess temperatures, the observed intra-plate volcanism in modern Earth suggests that on a global scale the degree of layering at the transition zone is low, which requires a low Clapeyron slope magnitude of the post-spinel phase transition. Because hot intrinsically dense material residing below the phase transition favours a high degree of convective layering, the Clapeyron slope magnitude must be even lower for this case in


This paper analyses the influence of the orientation and the tutoring action as a quality factor in academic adjustment and student persistence in the Higher Education. The variety of studies that we reviewed confirms the importance of guidance and tutorial action in a successful transition. The goal of this study was to identify the factors of persistence-abandonment in the first year of college and design actions plans of guidance and tutorial and use them as lines of action and programs to improve the quality of the transition process.


The lessons I have learned over the last many years seem always to come in pairs – a lesson about the findings that brings with it a lesson about life as a researcher... Lesson 1. Even as a doctoral student, I believed that the sorts of social interactions young children had with adults supported language acquisition. In 1971, when I completed my dissertation, that was a minority view, and one ridiculed by many. I was, unfortunately, deflected from a full-on commitment to research on the relationship between social environment and language development for many years by the general atmosphere of disdain for such claims. In the intervening years, of course, evidence to support the claim has accumulated, and now it is generally acknowledged that a large part of the variance among children in language skills can be explained by their language environments. This consensus might have been achieved earlier had I and others been braver about pursuing it. [Download the PDF and read more...]


This service aims to increase reading awareness for residents of Brahu Village, Siman District, and Ponorogo Regency. In this activity, the service team involved a number of students, a number of teaching staff, and the community by teaching the community members through teaching aids available in the literacy corner. Besides that, there are reading books for studying together; this activity turned out to be able to invite the community to actively read, and after a while, as the activity went on, there was an increase in knowledge and understanding from the community in understanding environmental conditions, of course through reading activities.


The objective of this study is to propose an artificial cilia based microfluidic device for efficient activation of zebrafish sperm by controlling the hydro-dynamics induced on the zebrafish sperm from the artificial cilia beating. The magnitude of fluid shear which has significant effect on the success of sperm activation was precisely controlled through this proposed device. A superior sperm activation of an absolute value of 70% with an average value of 65 % was achieved with a statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). The present design will advance the practice of the sperm activation significantly through the microfluidic platform.


A natural ventilation apparatus for windows and doors is provided to guide the inflow of natural fresh air and the exhaust of pollutants by convection of natural air temperature and density differences by installing to windows and doors of a building. A natural ventilation apparatus for windows and doors includes a ventilation unit(100) composed of inner, outer frames and an air controller installed to control air coming in an inner air passage of the inner, outer frames, and a regulation unit(200) composed of a frame inserted to two ends of the ventilation unit, a spinner(220) coupled to the frame to be rotatable and connected with the air controller to control the incoming air, and an air control lever coupled to the spinner to control ventilation.


Dependant on intended use (paraglider, hang-glider, paramotoring, trike, tandem, etc.) our huge product range provides a suitable model for every pilot and every wallet. A rescue system should be regarded as long-term investment, which one usually only buys once within twelve years. And in case of emergency it is your last chance to safe your life. That is why we advise every pilot to choose a system, which is technically ideal. Costs should play a secondary role, as optimum safety in real terms costs only a few cent per months, calculated over ten years!


The Introduction focuses upon general concepts related to cinematic realism, covering ideas related to philosophical realism, Gibson, Harré, externalism, the notion of Umwelt, and recent philosophical writings on the nature of film. The Introduction also focuses on notions of representation and presentation, phenomenology, the nature of the filmic object, and the relationship between light and the cinematic image.


Titanate nanosheets with a lamellar mesostructure were developed using the lamellar self-assembly of cationic 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA) as a template. An electrostatic interaction between negative...


THE regulation of the body temperature exhibits, as is well known, two aspects of different nature and prevailing, in the main, under opposed conditions. Taking their nomenclature from Rubner these are known as the chemical regulation, exhibited in the cold, and the physical regulation, paramount at high external temperatures. In a previous paper(l) I was able to show that chemical regulation was under a dual control. Its onset depends on the brain temperature being below a certain point, its intensity on the extent to which the skin temperature is below this point. The investigation embodied in the present paper is directed to an analysis of the factors governing the physical side of the regulation. There are three methods by which an animal can regulate the removal of heat from its body: the cutaneous blood vessels, the secretion of sweat and the respiration. The vasomotor mechanism is certainly the most essential of these and the present paper is occupied with it alone. Its essential importance was not however the only justification for this limited con5ideration. The fact that the vigour of respiratory movement is concerned with temperature regulation only in a very subsidiary fashion makes this but little suited and technically difficult as a method of reaching any general principles, and experience on the secretion of sweat did not encourage hope of detecting any proportionality such as might be looked for between the vasodilation and the governing temperatures of the body. The general plan of enquiry adopted consisted in heating anwsthetised animals by various means and following at the same time the blood flow through the leg, endeavouring to classify the changes observed and seek common causes for them in the temperatures of various portions of the body. The technic may be considered in four parts-the ansesthetic, the methods of warming the animal, the measurement of the temperature and the determination of the blood flow through the leg.