This paper describes the ef forts of the Washington State Department of Health to ensure that small nuclear facilities have the tools each needs to submit Decommissioning Funding Plans. These Plans are required by both the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and in some states—in the case of Washington state, the Washington State Department of Health is the regulator of radioactive materials. 1 Unfortunately, the guidance documents provided by the U.S. NRC pertain to large nuclear facilities, such as nuclear fuel fabrication plants, not the small nuclear laboratory nor small nuclear laundry that may also be required to submit such Plans. These small facilities are required to submit Decommissioning Funding Plans by dint of their nuclear materials inventory, but have only a small staff, such as a Radiation Safety Officer and few authorized users. The Washington State Department of Health and Attenuation Environmental Company have been working on certain tools, such as templates and spreadsheets, that are intended to assist these small nuclear facilities prepare compliant Decommissioning Funding Plans with a minimum of experience and effort.


This paper presents a variable structure sliding mode controller with a switching function of the sliding surface for the balance and trajectory tracking of a two-wheeled robot. Newton's law of motion method is used to construct the dynamic model of the designed two-wheeled robot such that the tracking controller can be synthesized using for the sliding mode control. A switching function of the sliding surface is designed and employed to eliminate the buffeting phenomenon. Simulations and real-time experiment results show that the proposed variable structure Sliding Mode Controller is capable of providing satisfactory trajectory tracking and balance performance.


The invention proposes a device for illuminating (17) the interior of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle (10) which comprises a light source fixed to an element (12) of the vehicle structure (10), characterized in that the light source consists of a generally panel-shaped electroluminescent element (18) oriented to illuminate the interior of the passenger compartment.


Abstract: Objective: To evaluate 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for early detection of hypertension in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).


The changing business environment in the service sector requires service providers to adapt to the ongoing changes that incorporate more adaptability with a higher quality of service. Teamwork is an important aspect of working in the service sector as nowadays teamwork is seen as a fitting response to the changes in the business environment. Effective teamwork can help the service organizations to provide better quality service to its customers. The current study is an attempt to highlight the influence of performance appraisal (PA), employee satisfaction (ES) and employee retention (ER) on team effectiveness (TE) in the service sector. The analysis of the data was carried out using statistical tools, like the confirmatory factor analysis, and the structural equation modelling for elucidating the validity of the design. The results of the study show that PA and TE have a significant relation. ER acts as a partial mediator between PA and TE, and, on the other hand, ES acts as a moderator between PA and ER. The article provides key practical implications for the service sector in the state of Uttarakhand.


The flourishing development of the cloud computing paradigm provides several services in the industrial business world. Power consumption by cloud data centers is one of the crucial issues for service providers in the domain of cloud computing. Pursuant to the rapid technology enhancements in cloud environments and data centers augmentations, power utilization in data centers is expected to grow unabated. A diverse set of numerous connected devices, engaged with the ubiquitous cloud, results in unprecedented power utilization by the data centers, accompanied by increased carbon footprints. Nearly a million physical machines (PM) are running all over the data centers, along with (5 – 6) million virtual machines (VM). In the next five years, the power needs of this domain are expected to spiral up to 5% of global power production. The virtual machine power consumption reduction impacts the diminishing of the PM's power, however further changing in power consumption of data center year by year, to aid the cloud vendors using prediction methods. The sudden fluctuation in power utilization will cause power outage in the cloud data centers. This paper aims to forecast the VM power consumption with the help of regressive predictive analysis, one of the Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The potency of this approach to make better predictions of future value, using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) regressor which provides 91% of accuracy during the prediction process.


Technology improvements as well as demographic expansion implies an increase on the amount of information that needs processing. With this necessity, it becomes apparent that the use of algorithms capable of handle such amount of information is a must have, as well as algorithms capable of taking the maximum advantage of the current processing technologies.
 This work presents the use of the decision tree to analyze numeric data, and further more we will explore the massive paralleliza-tion of the algorithm using the CUDA technology and the PyCUDA module for an easy integration and the meta-programming capabilities it provides, showing the optimizations made in the process. A results comparison between the original algorithm, and the optimized implementation will be presented, and conclusions will be drawn accordingly.
 The algorithm to employ is the decision tree. This algorithm was selected for its simplicity, inherit partition of the data and the results. Unlike other machine learning algorithms, the decision tree provides a clear description of the process made to reach a certain classification which is a desired property for further analysis. GPU technology will be exploited using CUDA's programming interface, achieving an improvement over 17000x over the classic serial implementation and their bounds and limitations.


Decisions regarding data acquisition should involve a cost/benefit analysis. While cost identification usually is easy, determining the value gained from new data is especially difficult when the benefits are mostly indirect. This is the case with 4D-seismic projects in which the main contribution is to reservoir and production management. This work describes the decision-tree process used in the life of complex seismic (LOCS) value-of-information study.


Cognitive radio (CR) systems require flexible and adaptive implementations of signal processing algorithms. An adaptive symbol detector is needed in the baseband receiver chain to achieve the desired flexibility of a CR system. This paper presents a novel design of an adaptive detector as an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP). The ASIP template is based on transport triggered architecture (TTA). The processor architecture is designed in such a manner that it can be programmed to support different suboptimal multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithms in a single TTA processor. The linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) and three variants of the selective spanning for fast enumeration (SSFE) detection algorithms are considered. The detection algorithm can be switched between the LMMSE and SSFE according to the bit error rate (BER) performance requirement in the TTA processor. The design can be scaled for different antenna configurations and different modulations. Some of the algorithm architecture co-optimization techniques used here are also presented. Unlike most other detector ASIPs, high level language is used to program the processor to meet the time-to-market requirements. The adaptive detector delivers 4.88-49.48 Mbps throughput at a clock frequency of 200 MHz on 90 nm technology.


The paper describes a model that presents a technique in which we combine formal languages---Z, presentation models and coloured Petri nets---and methods which use them, to specify the functionality and model the user interface and interaction of a system by clearly describing the state space, operations and behavioural aspects of a system. We show how to combine the Z specification and presentation models with coloured Petri nets for modelling safety critical systems by retaining the strengths of the formalisms and alleviating their drawbacks.


There are no therapeutic guidelines regarding ambulation for older adults hospitalized for acute illness.1 The importance of early ambulation to recovery in other patient populations is well established.2,3 For example, time to ambulation after hip fracture surgery is a predictor of complications such as prolonged length of stay (LOS).4 In the present study, we examined the association between ambulation and LOS in geriatric patients admitted for acute illnesses. We hypothesized that increase in ambulation within the 48 hours after admission would predict LOS after adjusting for risk factors.


: An important path of psychic transmission lies in the health-disease processes that cross the generations. us, the purpose of this integrative review was to understand how the conjugal and family patterns related to illness among different generations are transmitted. From systematic searches in the databases/libraries MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO and PePSIC between 2007 and 2017, 35 studies were restored. It is observed a predominance of quantitative articles (57.1%), written in English (60%) and carried out in Brazil (48.6%). e recovered literature illustrates the repetition of events related to the illness and the re-visualization of unexplained suffering in family history from studies that discuss topics transgenerationally transmitted, such as violence, incest, smoking, chemical dependence, eating disorders, obesity, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Understanding how these illnesses cross different generations can be useful in outlining mental health actions centered on family histories and available in groups. Resumen:


This paper discusses design considerations for a set of electronically delivered lessons on control systems. The design of these lessons is based upon pedagogical principles initially discovered by Kolb, and which have have come into wide use in engineering education. The design of the lesson set is also influenced by certain structural considerations related to the platform on which they are delivered and the authoring system in which they are written. The paper discusses how all of the design considerations influence the actual structure and implementation of the lesson set.


This paper deals with extremally disconnected spaces and extremally disconnected P-spaces. A space X is said to be extremally disconnected if, for every open subset V of X, the closure of V in X is also an open set. P-spaces are spaces in which the intersection of countably many open sets is an open set. The authors present a new characterization of extremally disconnected spaces, and the extremally disconnected P-spaces, by means of selection theory. If X is either an extremally disconnected space or an extremally disconnected P-space, then the usual theorems of extension of real-valued continuous functions for a dense subset S of X can be deduced from our results. A corollary of our outcomes is that every nondiscrete space X of nonmeasurable cardinality has a dense subset S such that S is not C-embedded in X.


On July 9, 1945, six groups of sunspots were visible, a very small one near the west limb and five near the east limb (Plate XII), two of which were in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern. The magnetic polarities in all the groups were normal for the present cycle, negative (S) spots preceding in the northern hemisphere and positive (N) spots preceding in the southern hemisphere. The largest, No. 7791, was a bipolar group which had come around the east limb on July 8 ; its position was 20° S, 77° E on July 9.5 G.C.T. This group, which consisted of two large spots with a few small ones between, had a total area of about 600 millionths of the visible hemisphere and a maximum field strength of 2500 gausses. It was followed closely by two small groups, Nos. 7794 and 7795. The second largest group, No. 7790, 18° N, 63° E, was also bipolar; its maximum field strength was 1900 gausses, its area about 150 millionths. A small group, No. 7793, was 3° north of it and 17° nearer the east limb. Group No. 7792, the only one not near the east limb, consisted of two tiny spots just visible in a small area of faculae at 17° N, 69° W. No abnormal activity was observed on the sun for several days before July 9. The spots were surrounded by ordinary faculae and flocculi, the prominences over them being smaller than normal. The calcium (K2) spectroheliograms on July 9 and 10 (Plate XIII) show bright flocculi in latitude 3° S (longitude 40° E on July 9), although no spots were visible there on those days. On July 6, 7, and 8, however, a group of small spots was visible in the area covered by these flocculi. The polarities as well as the low latitude of the spots identified the group as a member of the old cycle. The lack of hydrogen flocculi is well shown in Plate XIV, a. The small prominences visible on July 9 are shown in Plate XIV, b ; Table I lists the positions and heights of the largest ones. Solar activity on the day of the eclipse was normal for the


NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been engaging in Earth and planetary science remote sensing instruments development for many years. The latest instrument was launched in 2008 to the moon providing the most detailed topographic map of the lunar surface to-date. NASA GSFC is preparing for several future missions, which for the first time will perform active spectroscopic measurements from space. In this paper we will review the past, present and future of space-qualified lasers for remote sensing applications at GSFC.


From Latinas' locations in the margins of academe and society emerges a unique set of challenges complicated by racism, sexism, and classism. One form of resistance to these multiple marginalities involves drawing upon and (re)telling one's lived experience to expose oppression and systemic violence. Testimonio is a conceptual and methodological tool that transforms personal narrative into this type of resistance. In this article, the authors employ testimonio to document, from an intergenerational perspective, critical consequences and benefits of the academic socialization process for Latina academics. In examining the exchange between and among four established and four emerging Latina scholars, the authors uncovered an innovative methodological technique for bridging testimonios across lived experience; this technique is referred to as reflexión and enhances the level of knowledge construction that testimonio offers in formulating a collective consciousness across generations and social identities, crafting theories about Latina scholars in academe, and demonstrating that lived experience is integral to knowledge creation.


The invention relates to a process for the production of electrically conductive nickel oxide of nickel-containing material, wherein the nickel surface is first degreased, then for about 10 min. is roughened in a 1% solution of hydrochloric acid, wherein the process is accelerated and a greenish coloration of the electrolyte noticeable, the nickel surface is briefly wetted, the nickel material in a solution of 3.5 molar alkali metal hydroxide solution, treated with about by the addition of hydrogen peroxide solution the nickel hydroxide so formed is drained in a subsequent thermal process and is then further oxidized to nickel oxide. 10% hydrogen peroxide was added and kept there for 10 minutes. It also includes the conductive boundary layer that is produced by the process, as well as the electrodes thereof and the use in method of the chlor-alkali electrolysis, in fuel cells and in rechargeable batteries.


250 words for G3) 13 Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 14 fissures in the first two weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. 15 Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element 16 trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are 17 consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, 18 H2O) becoming enriched by 4-5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high 19 viscosity and high H2O contents (~2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the 20 explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and 21 spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic-andesite melts. Saturation pressures 22 calculated from melt inclusions CO2-H2O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying 23 these fissures was located at ~2-3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic 24 magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (~2.5 km) and a seismically-imaged low Vp/Vs 25 anomaly (~2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 195526 1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the 27 LERZ for >60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that 28 extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile-rich magma with potential for 29 hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes. 30 Plain Language Summary 31 During the first two weeks of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, a wide variety of 32 magma compositions were erupted from 24 separate fissures. Of particular interest is the magma 33 erupted at Fissure 17, which was much more explosive than nearby fissures, throwing large pieces of 34 molten rock several hundred metres into the air, causing a serious injury. The explosivity of volcanic 35 eruptions is partially controlled by the viscosity of the magma (how easily it can flow), and partially 36 by the amount of dissolved H2O and CO2 (which exsolve like bubbles in a carbonated beverage as the 37 melt ascends to the surface). We show that melts erupted at Fissure 17 were significantly more 38 viscous and H2O-rich than the melts erupted more passively at nearby fissures. These two factors 39 account for the explosive eruptive style of this fissure. Using the relationship between the amount of 40 This is a preprint submitted to EarthArxiv. It has been accepted in Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems (Jan, 2022) dissolved H2O and CO2 and pressure, we show that erupted magmas were stored at ~2km depth 41 below the surface since at least 1955-1960 A.D. 42 Key points (140 characters) 43 1. The first 2 weeks of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption tapped melts undergoing variable amounts of 44 fractionation at ~2-3 km depth over >60 yrs. 45 2. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusion volatile contents align with the depth of 46 a seismically imaged Vp/Vs anomaly. 47 3. The strombolian explosions at Fissure 17 result from the high viscosity and the high H2O 48 contents of these dacitic melts 49


Pure titanium and its alloys have good formability, excellent corrosion resistance and high strength to weight ratios. Therefore, it has been using to heat exchanger, offshore plants, sports equipments, and etc. As spread as its application fields, it also increase welding locations.. Conventional GTAW and GMAW are very popular welding methods of titanium, but it has high heat input and wide HAZ. It has possibility to induce Stress Corrosion Cracking. So, laser welding method is using to get reliable welds by reducing heat input. Weld beads change its color to silver, gold, brown, blue, and gray by shied conditions. And the closer to gray, the more oxidize, nitride and embrittle. The most effective atom to embrittle is nitrogen and shield gas flow is not so effective over the constant flow rate. In this study, weld properties of pure titanium were investigated by pulsed and CW Nd:YAG lasers. And welds without porosity, humping, crack, spatter and oxidation were accepted and applied to LPG reliquifaction system.


Synthetic strategies for the design of oligomeric ethers with pendant cyclopentadienyliron moieties have been developed. A wide range of these materials have been prepared via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of a mono- or di-hydroxyaromatic nucleophiles and a variety of chloroarene complexes under mild experimental conditions. The mono- and bis-(cyclopentadienyliron) arene complexes were used as building blocks for the larger systems. The crystal structures of three bis(cyclopentadienyliron) arene dications, [(η5-C5H5)Fe(η6-C6H5)-o-XC6H4X-(η6-C6H5)Fe(η5-C5H5)]2+(X = O or S) and [(η5-C5H5)Fe(η6-C6H5)-m-OC6H4O-(η6-C6H5)Fe(η5-C5H5)]2+, have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. A number of routes to the synthesis of the oligomeric species (tri-, tetra- and hexa-iron moieties) have been investigated to determine the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed strategies, and these materials have been fully characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques. To prove further the structures of these complexes, some of them have been prepared using different starting materials, giving the same proposed products. A series of polyiron complexes containing terminal hydroxy groups have also been prepared and used as dinucleophiles. The systematic increase in the number of rings and iron moieties allowed full characterization by monitoring the changes in the NMR spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of preparing homo- and mixed-polyaromatic ethers where the number of cyclopentadienyliron moieties varied from two to thirty-five has been demonstrated.


It is shown how the dynamics of a discrete-time leaky-integrator (time-summating) neural network with quantal synaptic noise may be formulated in terms of a random iterated function system. Conditions are derived for which the limiting behavior of the system is described by an invariant probability measure on the space of membrane potentials. Such an invariant measure typically has a fractal-like structure, which is illustrated by a simple example of a single neuron with inhibitory feedback. The effects of synaptic noise on the response characteristics of the neuron are also considered. Finally, learning in networks with synaptic noise is discussed


Introduction: Auditory stimulation is a treatment method for sensory deprivation of comatose patients, which helps wake up the patient by activating the choroid plexuses in the brain. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of auditory stimulation with occupational noise on the consciousness level of comatose patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 50 comatose patients with TBI hospitalized in intensive care units of one of the hospitals in Qom City, Iran. They were randomly assigned to two groups of control (n=25) and intervention (n=25) using the block randomization method. The intervention group received auditory stimulation with occupational voice for 10 days in the morning and evening shifts, each for 15-20 minutes. The consciousness level of patients was evaluated before and after stimulation using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, the independent t test, and the generalized estimating equations model. Results: The Mean±SD ages of the patients were 35.92±14.68 years in the intervention group and 33.32±13.74 years in the control group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding demographic or disease-related variables. The Mean±SD scores of GCS before the stimulation were 5.28±1.81 in the control group and 5.12±1.90 in the intervention group. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean ± SD scores of GCS after the stimulation were 6.60±3.25 in the control group and 8.80±4.05 in the intervention group. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.038). The level of consciousness in the intervention group increased more than in the control group in the 10 th day of study. Conclusion: Auditory stimulation with occupational noise can increase the consciousness level of comatose patients with TBI. Auditory stimulation can raise the consciousness level of these patients hospitalized in intensive care units.


This paper mainly discusses the influence of the Weyl fractional integrals on continuous functions and proves that the Weyl fractional integrals can retain good properties of many functions. For example, a bounded variation function is still a bounded variation function after the Weyl fractional integral. Continuous functions that satisfy the Holder condition after the Weyl fractional integral still satisfy the Holder condition, furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the order of the Holder conditions of the two functions. At the end of this paper, the classical Weierstrass function is used as an example to prove the above conclusion.


The design and development of simple methodology to measure short-lived OH⋅ radicals is of considerable importance owing to the deleterious consequences associated with the oxidative stress that it can incur. Here, we describe a facile colorimetric assay that explores the plasmon absorbance of gold nanoparticles to realise rapid detection of OH⋅ radicals. We have employed 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HBA) as the reactive substrate that gives rise to a single hydroxylated product, protocatechuic acid (PCA) on reaction with OH⋅ radicals. The resultant PCA showed capability of directly reducing Au3+ to give AuNPs while the original 4-HBA cannot reduce Au3+. The ensuing surface plasmon absorption of AuNPs was monitored for assaying the OH⋅ radical activity. Redox active Fe2+ was used as a source of OH⋅ radical and a linear relationship was observed between concentration of OH⋅ radical and plasmon absorbance, allowing for quantitative estimation of OH⋅ radical in solution.


This article reports on the first parliamentarian seminar on the theme "AIDS and the Family--Sharing the Challenge" held last November 28 1991 in National Assembly Kenya. The seminar covered the AIDS situation in the country and modes of transmission including heterosexual vertical through blood transfusion and contaminated skin piercing instruments. Discussions also included the impact of AIDS in Kenya specifically on manpower and development socioeconomics and effects on demography as well as the current distribution of the disease projections and likely effects of AIDS for the next 5 years. Moreover the social impact of the disease and the social support required to address the problem was explored. Hospital management drugs and home-based care of AIDS patients were likewise presented. The seminar also elaborated several AIDS policies such as testing and confidentiality orphans and AIDS allocation of funds employment and areas of research. Finally the seminar ended with plenary discussion and the generation of some recommendations relevant to the issue.


The invention provides an industrial automation device (1), which comprises a plurality of handling groups (20) apt to handle an object defining a handling direction (20a); a support structure (30) apt to support and handle said handling groups (20); and characterized in that each of said handling groups (20) comprises at least one moving element (21 ) apt to handle said object; handling and translating means of said moving element (21 ) apt to permit the independent control of said rotation and translation, in terms of position, speed and acceleration.


Durability of pavement structures represents one of the most important aspects increasingly followed during last years. There are many reasons for this focus, most important are related to public budget constraints and the necessity to develop or rehabilitate road infrastructure. Since many years there has been a stress on using locally available resources which is for asphalt related mainly to the aggregates. On the other hand bitumen comes from a nonrenewable resource which is used to cover many demands of the world's society. To keep it simple, remaining byproduct is then classified as bitumen what has of course impact on its qualities as well. In case of asphalt pavements durability is related to water and frost resistance of the mix. The water can cause problems if adsorbed by the aggregates. This happens if hydrophilic aggregates are used and the coating by bitumen is not good. For these reasons different additives are used to improve coating and turn the hydrophilic state to a hydrophobic one. Plenty of solutions are available on the market sometimes making the decision for not easy to make a right choice. Since decades test methods have been developed to study durability aspects, adhesion or water susceptibility. In many countries like the Czech Republic simple methods are still used, often based only on observer's visual opinion and especially often qualifying only the status of a doped bitumen/mix when being produced. This is valid for all test methods defined in EN 12697-11 and similarly also in the national test method used in the Czech Republic. Based on this fact a research project was launched to ideally define a suitable test procedure for evaluating thermal stability and long-term activity of adhesion promoters if used in the bitumen and applied in a mix. This paper is describing how the test method was selected and evaluated, what are the principles the method is based on, if applicable only to the bitumen-aggregate coating quality or analyzing the water/water-frost impacts more. Results are given for the tests done and for assessment of different adhesion promoters. Test protocol is proposed at the end defining necessary conditions.


"New research should not be designed or implemented without first assessing systematically what is known from existing research. The failure to conduct that assessment represents a lack of scientific self-discipline that results in an inexcusable waste of public resources. In applied fields like health care, failure to prepare scientifically defensible reviews of relevant animal and human data results not only in wasted resources but also in unnecessary suffering and premature death" Iain Chalmers. However, research on research (meta-research) clearly shows that at best less than 50% of clinical health researchers assessed what is known from existing research. As this can lead to redundant research at least 33 million EUROs alone from the Norwegian Research Council alone is lost to unnecessary clinical health research for 2019. Combined with the amount used for health research at the Norwegian hospitals the waste of research amounts to 123 million EUROs alone in Norway. Further, more than 2,000 redundant clinical trials on statins among patients with coronary artery disease were identified from mainland China. Such trials have been harming patients who have experienced more than 3,000 unnecessary major adverse cardiac events, including nearly 600 deathsv.


The purposes of this Study were to measure the typical delay in obtaining palpated postexercise heart rate (HR) by participants in a group exercise class and to determine if actual exercise HR can be predicted from immediate HR recovery (HRR) measures by examining the linearity of HR decline postexercise. To achieve this, 54 ferhales (19.9 + 1.6 y) were filmed during exercise classes. Videotapes were reviewed to determine time taken by each subject to obtain palpated HR at the exercise class mid-point and endpoint. HR was also recorded at 10 s intervals during and for I min after exercise with a HR monitor to determine exercise HR and HRR measures. Subjects were blinded to HR .t monitor measures. Data were analyzed using 2-x 2 ANOVA and regression analysis to compare monitored exercise HR to palpated HR and to predict exercise HR from postexercise HRR measures, respectively. The delay befriie obtaining palpated HR measures ranged from l720 s. Exercise HR was significantly different from palpated HR at mid-point (169.4+ l3.4vs. 743.7 +23.2 bpm) and end-point (165.5 + 15.6 vs. 143.2 + 19.3 bpm) of the class. It was also seen that exercise HR can be predicted well from monitored postexercise measures due to a linear decline in HRR. The adjusted * values ranged from 0.91I to 0.653 for HR predicted from HRR measures in the first minute postexercise at l0 s increments. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures between means of arithmetically derived prediction equations (Q-Pred) and monitored actual exercise HR showed no significant difference between the two (F (3, 321): 1.09, p:.353).In conclusion, the significant difference between actual exercise HR and palpated HR is largely attributable to the near 20 s delay before the typical person obtains a palpated HR postexercise. In addition, the'near linear decline in HR in the first minute after exercise can be used to predict exerCise HR.


Judicatory practice has been treated the litigation of joint tort as the essential joint action,which conflicts with the rule of the joint tort and the interests of victim of the joint tort.We should adhere to the priority of the interest of victim of the joint tort,while giving attention to the interest of the joint tortfeasors and the efficiency of the litigation.The suitable type of the litigation of joint tort is based on not only the rule of joint action but also on the rule of third party litigation.


The aim of the study is to strengthen the knowledge regarding cervical cancer among women of selected Rural areas of district Jalandhar by Structured Teaching Programme. Quasi experimental design was utilized in the study. The study was conducted on 100 women of selected villages i.e. Salempur Masandha and Jamesher Khas of district Jalandhar, Punjab. Sample was selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by Self Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding cervical cancer. Descriptive and inferential statistics used to analyze the findings. The findings were depicted in the form of Tables and Bar diagrams. The pre test mean knowledge score of control group and experimental group was 7.78 and 8.08 respectively where as the post test mean knowledge score of control group and experimental group 9.94 and 14.94 respectively. The difference of pre test and post test mean knowledge score of women in experimental group was statistically significant whereas it is non-significant in control group. Hence it was concluded that structured teaching programme had significant impact on knowledge of women regarding cervical cancer. Public teaching to be promoted in irrespective of urban and rural areas in order to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer and decrease the financial burden on treatment of cervical cancer.


2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-bis[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine (H 3 L) was obtained with high purity by Schiff's condensation between 5-bromosalicyaldehyde and triethylenetetramine. Its recrystallisation in methanol yields single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. H 3 L crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P 2 1 /c, with a = 21.641(3) Å, b = 11.1217(14) Å, c = 11.4156(15) Å and β = 90.016 º.


In recent years, artificial intelligence technology is booming, and artificial intelligence technology has become a research hotspot in academic circles. The author uses CiteSpace to conduct citation analysis on the research literature of knowledge map in the field of artificial intelligence. Through LLR cluster analysis, it is known that most of the research topics focus on basic theoretical research, method research and application research. This paper analyzes the proportion of artificial intelligence in various industries by using SPSS technology, and forecasts the trend of the scale of China's artificial intelligence market. On the basis of adhering to the principle of people-oriented and the unity of truth principle and value principle, we should overcome the problems caused by man-machine relationship and promote the harmonious coexistence of artificial intelligence and human intelligence.


The objective of this article is to analyze the motivations of people in relation to stimulus that motivate behavior towards the animal cause in order to help social organizations that operate in this sector to use marketing tools more effectively. After the literature review, it was realized an experimental study with four different appeals (pity, pleasure, health and rights) applied with undergraduate students of a federal institution from Paraiba. The final sample was 169 respondents. Descriptive procedures and ranks (for the nonparametric analyses), and psychometric analysis were used for data analysis, and, for the stimuli, variance analysis, using both parametric and nonparametric tests was undertaken. Results indicate that rights, health, pity and pleasure stimuli have equally moderated efficacy on the predisposition to money donation, voluntary work and animal adoption, with some variations according to specific group characteristics. Key words: Social organizations, Animal cause, Experiment.


The paper analyses the changes in the perceptions on the world economy system in the post World War II period, with the shifts from the idea of antagonist sub-systems to that of convergence and from the idea of the end of history to that of a dynamic multi-polar world. On this basis, it states that the current phase of globalization is characterized by diversity and haziness from ideological,economic, political, social and military points of view. Further, the changing global balance of power and the emergence of new socio-economic paradigms require the establishment of a new world economic order. According to the conclusions of the paper, the multi-polar world, defined by new hierarchies, technologies, institutions and mechanisms could be more unstable and more dynamic,implying a permanent negotiation of the participants' interests. Understanding these characteristics of the future would allow Romania to devise strategies that might capitalize on its potential.


Our aim is to determine which teaching methods students in Computer Science and Information Systems prefer. There are in total 5 different paradigms (behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, design-based and humanism) with 32 models between them. Each model is unique and states different learning methods. Recommendations are made on methods that can be used in the teaching and learning of Computer Science and Information Systems. Learning can differ greatly from person to person. Clearly a teacher cannot possibly meet every single students needs when it comes to optimal learning. The best and maybe the only possible outcome is to try to determine what methods or combination of methods a teacher should apply to suit the biggest percentage in a class. Students have fundamentally changed with regards to their intellectual, social, motivational, and emotional needs. The modern student not only uses technology on a daily basis, but has become dependent on it. Elements of all theories need to be incorporated into a paradigm that will be sufficient to educate the Computer Science students of today. Technology must be used in the most optimal way to engage with students and to keep them interested.


This report examines the conservation economy in the Monsoonal North of Australia. It first describes the drivers behind the development of a conservation economy in the region and why this is important. It then takes a step back to describe what a conservation economy is, and provides simple explanations for the concepts and terms that populate the literature. It identifies how investments are prioritised and where priority areas for conservation management are located in the Monsoonal North. Finally, it provides a compendium of conservation economy opportunities operating in the region, and examines prospects for future development.

The conservation economy has largely been driven by community concern over the deteriorating condition of our land, seas, water and atmosphere; by consumer demand for ethically and sustainably-produced products; and Indigenous people's desire to derive income from their traditional lands.

The conservation economy literature provides a framework for assessing the value of conservation management and who should bear the cost of this management. Its basic principles include recognition of the dependence of humans on ecosystem services and the valuation of managing those services. There is the expectation that production systems should be managed sustainably, and where it is profitable to do so, the producer should bear the cost of adopting sustainable management. Payment can be expected for conservation management that is beyond reasonable expectations, and provides public rather than private benefit.

Conservation economy priorities are driven by international conventions covering biodiversity conservation and social justice. As a signatory to these conventions, the Australia Governments has accepted obligations to list and protect threatened species and World Heritage sites; operate a protected area estate; mitigate climate change; adhere to sustainable development goals and alleviate poverty among Indigenous people in Australia and the third world. Non-government organisations (NGOs) also largely subscribe to these aims.

The Monsoonal North has extensive tracts of intact landscapes that are largely in good condition. It scores well in conservation prioritisation schemes based on these natural values, but poorly in schemes prioritising habitat fragmentation, land degradation and threatened species. Priority areas for biodiversity conservation largely coincide with areas of Indigenous held land, so are attractive areas for conservation investment that incorporates social justice goals. External investment in the conservation economy in the Monsoonal North comes from governments, NGOs and the voluntary efforts of property owners and managers. Most funding comes from the Australian Government, either through grants programs or fee-for-service arrangements. This funding has declined over the last decade, and disproportionately so in the Monsoonal North. This has left a sizeable dint in the region's conservation economy. However, funding for Indigenous cultural and natural resource management has been largely maintained, because Indigenous economic development continues to be a high national priority. The Australian Government has also established the Emission Reduction Fund as a marketplace to purchase emission reductions from land and agricultural management, and is considering a national marketplace for water.

The Queensland and Western Australian governments also subsidise conservation management through grant programs and conservation covenants, though this funding has also declined in recent years. In the Northern Territory, conservation agreements are brokered by the Natural Resource Management (NRM) body. Most NRM groups in the north also run devolved grants schemes, though these are funded by the Australian Government's National Landcare Programme.

Governments also regulate for adherence to duty-of-care principles in the management of weeds, pest animals, vegetation management and water quality management; and provide extension program and structural adjustment loans to support adoption of sustainable practices.

NGOs are increasing their presence in northern Australia, particularly working in partnership with Indigenous communities to support their cultural and natural resource management aspirations. Indigenous communities are active participants in the conservation economy. Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) now constitute one-third of Australia's National Reserve System. Indigenous rangers are employed to undertake cultural and natural resource management, including protection of cultural heritage; transfer of Traditional Knowledge; weed, fire and feral animal management; and biodiversity monitoring and management. Fee-for-service arrangements operate for biosecurity surveillance, collection of marine debris and emission abatement.

The pastoral industry can also benefit from the conservation economy. However, other than entering into agreements to reserve parts of their land for biodiversity conservation and reducing methane emissions from cattle, this is unlikely to be in the form of external payments. Rather, adopting recognised best practice herd management will not only reduce emissions and improve land condition by decreasing grazing pressure, it will also increase profitability. Voluntary uptake of such practices is also likely to circumvent increased government regulation of the industry. Because such practices are profitable, they are unlikely to attract stewardship payments. However, assistance through the necessary transition can be provided through extension programs and structural adjustment loans.

In summary, the principal prospects in the conservation economy in the Monsoonal North are:

• Greenhouse gas abatement activities

• Indigenous Land and Sea Management supported by governments and NGOs

• Protection of high priority biodiversity on private or leasehold land funded through development offsets, and through government-funded programs

• Taking advantage of the inherent financial benefits of herd management to improve animal performance and land condition.

Hence, the conservation economy is operating in northern Australia and is likely to grow, but it is also subject to variation with shifting government policy and consequent market opportunities. Growth is most likely to be driven by the international priorities of conservation of listed threatened species, protection of World Heritage values, establishment of a protected area estate and alleviation of poverty among Indigenous people and in the third world, adherence to sustainable development goals and mitigation of climate change. These priorities are likely to inform future investments by governments, NGOs and private donors.


Colors that appear closer to the red end of the visible spectrum are said to be warm while the colors that appear closer to the blue end are said to be cool. The phenomenon of warmer colors appearing nearer in depth to viewers than cooler colors has been studied extensively by psychologists and other vision researchers (see [Sundet 1978] for a summary). The vast majority of these studies have asked human observers to view physically equidistant, colored stimuli and compare them for relative depth. However, in most cases, the stimuli presented were rather simple: straight colored lines, uniform color patches, point light sources, or symmetrical objects with uniform shading. Additionally, the colors used were typically highly saturated. Although such stimuli are useful in isolating and studying depth cues in certain contexts, they leave open the question of whether the human visual system operates similarly for realistic objects. This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to explore the color-depth relationship for realistic, colored objects with varying shading and contours.


Capital represents the most typical institutional body that determines the functions of a political center separating it from a "periphery" a historical memory of the previous "capitalness" has an impact on people's identity even when a state has disappeared or is invented.


A series of terbutaline sulphate drug incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix films were produced by the solvent evaporation method. The effect of xanthan gum and plasticizers (propylene glycol and dibutyl phthalate) on the rate and amount of drug diffusion from PVA membrane across the hydrated cellophane membrane has been evaluated, using an open glass diffusion‐tube. The obtained films were clear, smooth and flexible having sufficient mechanical strength. The mechanical performance of the dry PVA films with xanthan gum and plasticizers were also ascertained. Polyvinyl alcohol‐xanthan gum blends showed a high rate of drug release compared to that of polyvinyl alcohol film alone. Among the two plasticizers employed, propylene glycol showed better permeability. Among different formulations studied, the formulation PVA/xanthan gum/propylene glycol (F7) was found to be an optimized composition for efficient transdermal delivery of the model drug, terbutaline sulphate. The mechanism of drug diffusion has been evaluated using the Peppas model. Stability studies carried out on polymer‐drug formulations revealed that the drug is stable at 40°C and 75% RH for a period of 6 weeks.


Virulence of the yeast Candida albicans has been correlated with its ability to adhere to host epithelium and to undergo a morphologic switch from the yeast phase to various filamentous forms: germ tubes, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The C. albicans gene INT1 encodes a putative adhesin (Int1p) with structural similarity to vertebrate integrins that induces the formation of germ tubes when expressed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PNAS 1996). Because multiple adhesins mediate adherence of C. albicans to biologic sites such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, or platelets, we tested the ability of Int1p to confer adhesive capacity on the non-adherent yeast, S. cerevisiae. We show that expression of Int1p in S. cerevisiae enables these normally non-adherent yeast cells to adhere to mammalian epithelial cells (HeLa cells). This adhesion is Int1p specific: polyclonal antibodies recognizing the EF-hand and RGD motifs of Int1p block yeast cell adhesion to HeLa cells, while pre-immune IgG does not. Epithelial adhesion of S. cerevisiae expressing Int1p approached that of the C. albicans strain from which INT1 was cloned. We also demonstrate that INT1 is involved in the hyphal growth of C. albicans. When both copies of INT1 are disrupted in C. albicans, hyphal growth on solid medium is suppressed; reintegration of INT1 into its native chromosomal locus restores the hyphal phenotype. Thus,INT1 expression is sufficient to induce both epithelial adhesion and a morphologic switch to filamentous growth in S. cerevisiaeand INT1 is required for morphogenesis in C. albicans. INT1 is the first candidal gene implicated in two steps of candidal pathogenesis: adhesion and morphogenesis. By analogy with mammalian integrins, adhesion of C. albicans cells via Int1p to an epithelial ligand may provide a signal that initiates the morphologic switch to hyphal growth. If this is the case, strategies to interrupt the interaction of Int1p with its epithelial ligands may avert the pathologic correlates of morphogenesis in the host.


Band-gap narrowing is necessary for obtaining a visible-light activity in semiconductor. The band-gap narrowing is able to realize with negative shift of valence band or/and positive shift of conduction band. However the negative shift of valence band brings about a decrease in oxidative ability, whereas the positive shift of conduction band does about a decrease in reductive ability. To overcome such a confliction between the band-gap narrowing and the visible-light activity, photocatalytic composite composed of n-type and p-type semiconductors which cause strongly oxidative and reductive actions, respectively, with visible light are investigated in this work. CuO and Bi2O3 particles were mixed and then sintered at 973 K for 24 h in air to prepare p-type semiconductors of CuBi2O4 and CuxBiyOz. CuxBiyOz prepared with molar ratio CuO/Bi2O3 of 50/50 was composed of CuBi2O4 crystallites, but two crystalline phases composed CuBi2O4 and residual crystallites were formed in CuxBiyOz prepared with CuO/Bi2O3 nonidentical to 50/50. Semiconductors of WO3, CuxBiyO, CuBi2O4, and CuO did not reveal visible-light activity, whereas photocatalytic composites composed of n-type and p-type semiconductors which are WO3/CuxBiyOz, WO3/CuBi2O4, and WO3/CuO revealed visible-light activity. In the photocatalytic composites, potoexcited electrons in WO3 are able to transfer to photoexcited p-type semiconductor, and oxidative and reductive actions take place in WO3 and the p-type semiconductors, respectively. The visible-light activity of the composite of WO3/CuxBiyOz is lower than that of the composite of WO3/CuBi2O4, since a number of trap sites of hole and electron are formed on the interface of the two crystalline phases formed in CuxBiyOz.


Several tectonothermal events in the pre-Carboniferous basement of Svalbard during Caledonian and Proterozoic times have been dated recently by radiometric age determinations. Three or four stages have been recognized in the Caledonian period; a post-orogenic graben formation during the Devonian, a late Caledonian event in the Middle Silurian, an early Caledonian event in the Middle Ordovician and possibly an earliest event in the Middle to Late Cambrian. A latest Proterozoic group of ages, 600-660 Ma, from igneous rocks are not clearly correlatable to a recognized tectonic event, though it is coeval with the Baikalian event at the southeastern coast of the Barents Sea. The Grenvillian event, 950-1270 Ma, has been well established by both radiometric ages and unconformities in Nordaustlandet and southwestern Spitsbergen


The subject of this article is devoted to the problem of object classification. It's introduces a software model for the multi-class classification of image objects based on machine learning algorithms. The results of two modes model operation: OneVsRest and Error Correcting Output Codes are presented. Satellite images of the earth's surface were used as datasets for classification. A comparative analysis of precision, recall, accuracy, hamming loss and classification duration has been carried out. Optimal code rates for Error Correction Output Codes are experimentally determined to achieve increase classification accuracy.


This study explores the barriers and constraints young people currently face when deciding what to do at the end of their compulsory schooling in Year 11. The study conducted by the NFER, working in partnership with Triangle and QA Research, included a survey of 2029 young people who completed Year 11 in either 2008 or 2009 conducted between August and October 2009. This survey was supplemented by interviews with booster samples of 519 young people across specific sub-groups and 102 parent interviews.


Intelligent video surveillance has found a wide range of applications in public security. This paper describes the state-of- the-art techniques in video surveillance system with single camera. This can serve as a starting point for building practical video surveillance systems in developing regions, leveraging existing ubiquitous infrastructure. In addition, this paper discusses the gap between existing technologies and the requirements in real-world scenario, and proposes potential solutions to reduce this gap.


The convergence theorm of Ishikawa iterative for asymptotically non-expansitve mapping in a Hilbert space was proved. The relative results is extended to a uniformly convex Banach space that T is asymptotically non-expanstive mapping from bounded closed convex subset E into self.Now suppose only E is closed convex subset in uniformly convex Banach space.The convergence theorms of Ishikawa iterative for asymptotically non-expanstive mapping is still proved and the relative conditions is also weakened.


In this paper, the reachable set of the general model for 2-D linear systems with constraint of control energy is studied. When the model is reachable, the reachable set is derived. Based on linear matrix inequality(LMI), a procedure for estimating the range of the reachable set is given, which is easy to implement. Finally, an illustrative example is given.


ObjectiveTo determine the content of glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in licorice(Glycyrrhiza).MethodsRP-HPLC method was estabilished.The analytical column was DENALI C18(VYDAC 238DE5415,120A,5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm),and gradient elution with A:H_2O,B:1.5% HAc-MeOH as mobile phase.The flow-rate was 1.0 ml·min~(-1).The detection wavelength was from 330nm to 252 nm at the 32.2 min,and then returned to 252 nm at the 35 min.The column temperature was 40℃.ResultsThe content of liquiritin was good linear related to its peak area in range of 10~50 μg·ml~(-1),and the average recovery of the method was 99.97%,the RSD of precision test was 0.12%(n=5).The content of glycyrrhizin was good linear related to its peak area in range of 50~90 μg·ml~(-1),and the average recovery of the method was 100.25%,the RSD of precision test was(0.13)%(n=5).ConclusionThe method can be used for determing the content of glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in licorice at the same time.


On May 2012, the central part of the Padano-Emiliana Plain (North Italy), has been shocked by a dramatic sequence of earthquakes, with higest Mw 6.0. These events were very shallow (˜ 5-10 km) with low stress drops and large ground-motions amplitude have been observed in the fault area. On the opposite, on the last 25th and 27th January other two deeper moderate earthquakes (either with Mw 4.9) occurred in the same area (south of Parma). These two events made very few damages and no victims, but have been felt also far from the source, which could be explained by their important focal depths (33 and 65 km respectively). Hence, a study of depth influence on seismic properties is of great interest. However, Po plain is a very complex area, the largest alluvial basin of northern Italy, characterized by anomalous propagation dues to the variable thickness of quater-nary alluvium and with complex Moho discontinuities (Appenines Moho, Alpine Moho and Ligurian Moho): depth estimation can be sometimes challenging. Recent seismicity studies proposed that a deeper subducting slab of Adriatic lithosphere could occur as well in this area and the question about the depth estimation resolution remains open. Based on teleseismic dataset, we have used coherent depth phases detected on CTBTO arrays (comprehensive-test-ban treaty-organization), using cepstral methods as well as focal mechanism estimations from genetic algorithm inversions to constrain the depths of all recent events above magnitude 3.8 in this area. The use of the teleseismic records gives the opportunity to reduce uncertainties due to complex crustal propagations during regional depth estimations. Moreover, pmP reflexions, observable on some teleseismic records, prove that, at least one event, (January 27, 2012) occurred below the Moho discontinuity, strengthening the hypothesis of the active slab. Then, we have focused on characterizing the link between depth and stress drop, as it is a crucial parameter for ground motion prediction models. Hence, In addition of our new improved depth catalog, good stress drops evaluations are needed. These stress drops have been extracted from source spectra (magnitudes and corner frequencies, assuming Brune 's model), using the regional North Italy dataset collected in the last years by the strong-motion network (RAIS, INGV). We have used an iterative Gauss-Newton method developed by Drouet et al. (2011), which aims to separate source, sites effects and propagation contributions in the acceleration spectra. Inverted attenuation parameters are similar to those estimated by Castro et al. (2013) and sites effects have been checked to be coherent with the H/V profiles from the RAIS web site (http://rais.mi.ingv.it/), which strongly validate the isolated source spectra, thus, the associated stress drops. Finally, depth and stress drop are shown to be strongly correlated as depth events show high stress drop. Hence, in the global aim to predict ground motions, it seems that depth should be taken ac-count in a more systematic way; especially as new seismic equipments (for instance CTBTO arrays) afford now better resolution for this crucial parameter.


We present Celias, a new concurrent programming model for data-intensive scalable computing. Celias supports many virtues commonly found in existing distributed programming frameworks, such as elastic scaling and fault tolerance, without sacrificing expressiveness. The key design idea of Celias is the concept of a microtask, as a scalable, fault-tolerant, and completely data-driven unit of computation. By combining Tuplespace and microtasks, Celias provides an intuitive yet powerful programming abstraction for large and complex problems.


Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a central role in transfer information from diverse receptors/sensors to a wide range of cellular responses in plants. CbMAPK3 cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from Chorispora bungeana leaf,then was cloned into pET-30a vector to construct recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a-CbMAPK3. The pET-30a-CbMAPK3 was transformed to E.coli strain of BL21. After induced by IPTG,a 46 kD recombinant protein was expressed and separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and detected by western blot. The research provides a base for further studying on the protein structure and function of CbMAPK3.


The five most generally recognized types of film distortion are discussed. These consist of curl, spokiness, embossing, flute or long edges, and buckle or short edges. — Curl has come to be an accepted fact and is ordinarily without importance in projection except when it becomes excessive. — Spokiness, sometimes called square rolls or hexagonal rolls, is a phenomenon observed when film with a high degree of curl is wound with insufficient tension to keep the roll perfectly round. Poor screen quality in the case of 16-mm films has sometimes been associated with this defect. — Embossing is due to differential shrinkage or hardening of the emulsion caused by local absorption of heat in the dense portion of the picture. Careful tests have failed to show any effect upon the screen such as in-and-out of focus due to image embossing. Measurements of the magnitudes of the distortions show that these are ordinarily much less than the depth of focus of the lens. — Flute, or long edges, is more often seen with safety film than with nitrate film. It is generally caused by a stretching of the edges by recessed rolls, by shrinking the center of the film with high-temperature arcs on projection, or by exposing the roll to excessively high humidities, which causes swelling at the edges. Laboratory tests as well as field experience indicate that fluted edges very rarely cause distortion of the images on the screen. — Buckle, or short edges, is believed to be the most serious type of film distortion. It is caused by greater loss of moisture or solvent from the edges of the film than from the center. This leaves a fullness of the center resulting in an "oil-can" effect when film passes through the projector, thus producing pictures that go in-and-out of focus on the screen. — Buckle trouble may result from storing rolls of film in packages that are easily permeable to moisture vapor but it may be avoided by the use of impermeable packaging materials.


Objective
To assess abnormal default mode network (DMN) and its potential mechanisms in insomnia patients with varying depression symptom via resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods
We recruited 15 cases of primary insomnia (PI) without depression symptom, 40 cases of insomnia patients with varying depressions, including mild depression (n=20) and moderate depression (n=20), and 40 cases of healthy controls (HC) with age and gender matched. We set bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (PCC/PC) as seed regions, and compared the DMN changes between HC group and PI with depression symptoms group. We then compared the DMN changes between PI with mild and moderate depression groups. Finally, we extracted right cingulate cortex and parahippocampal signals and made Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores.

Results
The connectivity of PI with depression symptoms group was increased in brain regions including bilateral precuneus, left middle occipital gyrus, superior parietal lobe, superior frontal lobe, and was decreased in brain regions including left anterior cingulate cortex, compared with HC group. Compared with PI without depression symptoms group, the connectivity of PI with mild depression symptoms group was decreased in brain regions including bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus/precuneus, and was not increased in brain regions in insomnia with mild group. Compared with PI with mild depression symptoms group, the connectivity of PI with moderate depression symptoms group was increased in brain regions including right cerebellum posterior lobe, middle cingulate cortex, left insular lobe/inferior frontal lobe, extra nuclear and inferior parietal lobe, and was decreased in brain regions in insomnia with moderate depression symptoms group including left superior temporal lobe and right parahippocampal gyrus. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed significant correlation between signals of right parahippocampal gyrus and HAMD scores (r=-0.697, P=0.006), while not between signals of right middle cingulate cortex and HAMD scores (r=0.224, P=0.441).

Conclusions
There were abnormal DMN in PI with depression symptoms group, and in PI with varying degrees of depression symptoms groups. Our results revealed specified brain regions of cognitive dysfunction and neural pathological mechanisms which were affected by PI with depression symptom.

Key words:
Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders; Depression; Nerve net; Magnetic resonance imaging


The US House of Representatives has passed a bill slashing Department of Defense funding for academic research from $1.8bn to $900m for next year. Because the DOD supports such a large share of academic science in the US, this reduction could be catastrophic for the entire research infrastructure. But, as Physics World goes to press, federal officials seriously doubt whether the Senate, which should debate the bill this month, will approve the cut. Nonetheless, its quick passage in the House indicates just how vulnerable federally funded R&D has become since the end of the Cold War and may be indicative of things to come.


Based on simple principle introduction for electrical traction system of Direct Torque Control in low-speed and weaken flux range,this paper sets up a simulation module for these two methods and gives out simula tion re-sult.


What is going on in sociology (or social anthropology) in China today? The world's largest society, one undergoing unprecedented change, a unique civilization with a strong scholarly tradition of interest in social matters, would seem to offer possibilities for significant contributions to social science. But unfortunately sociology and related subjects were abolished as bourgeois pseudosciences soon after 1949, and promising young scholars like Fei Xiaotong fell nearly silent. Much might have been expected from Fei—whose pre-1949 career included a London Ph.D. under Malinowski,,field work in villages in different parts of China, and prolific, interesting writings on numerous topics—but he published little after Liberation and nothing at all after the antirightist movement of 1957. Then in 1978 sociology was restored, and Fei and others, after decades of silence and great personal suffering, are back in print again. We look to their work with great interest. It is sad to report that this slim collection of essays offers little. It came too soon. The pieces in it are from the period right after Fei had been rehabilitated, late 1978 to 1980, when—understandably enough in view of what he had been through—he was being very, very cautious about what he said. They are mostly repetitious rehashes of unremarkable things he had published in the 1950s about national minorities: their variety, their different stages of Marxist social development, the criteria for their nationality status, and how past oppression had been replaced by true equality, autonomy, and fraternal unity with Han Chinese so that all were now "working together to build their socialist motherland." The title essay (a speech to the Association of Applied Anthropology in Denver in 1980) maintains that classical anthropology was marred by its association with imperialism, but that this problem has been solved in New China, for now when Chinese go to study minority peoples they do so as representatives of the government, and the minorities know that the government serves the interests of all the people.


The reversibility of deformation of young (3-10-year-old) Aesculus hippocastanum stems was investigated after subjecting them to alternate torsion to the right and left as well as the orientation of the microfibrillar helix in the main S 2 layer of the secondary cell wall in fibres. The studies demonstrated that residual torsions to the right are larger than to the left. The orientation of the fibrillar helix is always Z-wise. The dissymmetry of the mechanical properties of the stem may be responsible for the formation of Z (right-oriented) spiral grain in the stem of a tree undergoing torsions in various directions under the action of winds


These five books reviewed in Physics Today are worth giving or reading this holiday season. These five books reviewed in Physics Today are worth giving or reading this holiday season.


Non-point source pollutants from ground precipitation-runoff are the main pollutant sources in lakes. Meilin watershed is chosen to study the loss law of non-point pollution charge of Taihu Basin. In the course of whole precipitation-runoff, the flux and the concentration of pollutants are monitored. The mathematical model of runoff flux and non-point source pollutants was founded by statistical and systematical assay method. The loss law of non-point pollution charge of this watershed was obtained in the end, and this may be applied to study on non-point source pollutant of other similar watershed in Taihu Basin.


Glutarylation is relatively new lysine specific post translational modification which regulates different biochemical processes and biological activities of living cell. The identification process of glutarylation is still primitive. Mass spectrometry is a laboratory method which is time demanding, cost ineffective and requires a lot of human labour. So development of accurate computational tool can effectively reduce both time and expense. Instead of using amino acids frequency based features, mutation is the evolutionary information which has been considered for extracting the features from peptides. Cluster centroid based undersampling is used for preserving the most useful information from the majority class for handling the imbalance issue. Decision tree based boosting classifier, LightGBM is chosen for having the best performance among other classifiers. As a result, we achieved accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 76.65%, 72.35% & 80.96% for the 10-fold cross validation and 79.5%, 75% & 84% for independent test set respectively. Thus, our model surpasses the performance of recently developed tools RF -GlutarySite and MDDGlutar.


(57) on the [Summary] columnar air playback battery. Cell includes a central longitudinal axis of the cathode with vertical major surfaces to the longitudinal axis of the central. Further battery comprises a cathode can comprising at least one air inlet and outlet having a central longitudinal axis, the cathode includes a main surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the entrance.


In recent years, one can observe the tendency to replace the thermoplastic polymers by the composite materials in several branches of industry, e.g. automotive and building engineering (Peijs, 2003), aviation and packaging industry (Bledzki & Gassan, 1999). The composite materials obtained by reinforcement of the polypropylene with lignocellulosic fillers are known to show improved mechanical and physical properties in comparison with the pure propylene (Averous & Le Digabel, 2006; Bhattacharyya et al., 2003; Mohanty et al., 2000). Composites made from polypropylene and wood fibre are characterized by significantly higher stiffness than unreinforced polypropylene (Bhattacharyya et al., 2003). The loading of the polypropylene with rice husk powder increases Young's modulus and flexural modulus of the composite, compared with those of the polypropylene (Hattotuwa et al., 2002). The studies of the fire behavior (Borysiak et al., 2006) revealed a significant decrease of such an essential parameter as the heat release rate (HRR) peak, especially low value of HRRmax in comparison with those of the polypropylene. Moreover, very important feature of the composites with lignocellulosic materials is their partial biodegradability as the filler materials come from natural resource. In this chapter we would like to point out to improved acoustic and dielectric properties of the polypropylene-lignocellulosic materials composites in comparison with the pure polypropylene based on our measurement results.


Analysis of epileptic waves in EEG is particularly helpful in clinical field.There are plenty of artifacts contained in almost epileptic waves in EEG recorded in hospital or lab,especially muscle artifacts,which covered the real uesful pathological informations in EEG about the epilepsy.So,with the wavelet transform′s multi-distinguish ability with the independent component analysis′ blind source separation ability,considering the diverse frequency bands as the input of independent component analysis(ICA),after ICA processing,the muscle artifacts was eliminated from the EEG and the epileptic sample waves was separated successfully.


Quercus infectoria gall, which is known as manjakani in Malaysia, was traditionally used in treating diseases. The bioactive compounds from the galls can be extracted using various extraction methods. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was used to study the effects of CO2 flow rate on the yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Q. infectoria extract by fixing the pressure and temperature at the highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40°C). The results were compared with those acquired from the Soxhlet extraction method. The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction had a higher percentage of extraction yield than SC-CO2 extraction. The selectivity of Q. infectoria extracts using SC-CO2 extraction was better than the Soxhlet extraction method. Meanwhile, the extraction efficiency using the SC-CO2 extraction ranged from 46% to 53%. The SC-CO2 extraction also yielded higher total phenolic content than using the Soxhlet extraction method when 2 mL/min of CO2 flow rate was applied (203.53 mg GA/g sample). This study also revealed that the extracts from the SC-CO2 extraction showed a better radical scavenging activity compared to the Soxhlet extraction when analysed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity assays.


The diesel power plant (PLTD) Sektor Pembangkitan Mahakam is a power plant which use a diesel engine in Samarinda City. Diesel engines will cause a problems, for example, it will produce air pollution such as smoke (soot) and exhaust gas, especially nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) derived from the combustion of diesel fuel, which may trigger pulmonary function impairment. This study aimed to analyze the factors that might cause the case of pulmonary function on the workers in diesel power plant of Sektor Pembangkitan Mahakam, Samarinda. This study used quantitative method which were done through cross-sectional and observational type of research. There were 58 people which became respondents, 29 of them were in the diesel power plant and the rest were in the office. Based on the analysis used logistic regression wald test, it was revealed that there were several factors which affected the pulmonary function and it caused pulmonary impairment. Risk factors were based on the highest of risk that is nutritional status, personal protection equipment, exercise habit, smoking habit, age and period of work. Meanwhile , duration of work had no effect on pulmonary function or pulmonary function imapirment. Based on the result, that the company should do a job rotation, increase the surveillance, develop the working environment and the provision of personal protective equipment (respirator with cartridge), and also concern about the neccesity of creating some rules, such as a prohibition on smoking in the workplace and obliging regular sports activities on workers.


Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN x :H) thin films have been deposited using Silane (SiH 4 ) and Nitrogen (N 2 ) as source gases by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). During deposition, Silane flow rate is kept constant at 2 sccm and Nitrogen flow rate is varied from 800 to1200 sccm. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is carried out to identify all the possible modes of vibrations such as Si-N, Si-H and N-H present in the films and the effect of nitrogen flow on these parameters is correlated. The refractive index of the a-SiN x :H films is calculated using UV-VIS spectroscopy measurements by Swanepoel's method and optical bandgap is calculated using Tauc's equation.


Classical stochastic electromagnetic field assumes that the number of steps is infinite, but in practice, the number of steps for random walk is limited, even though the number of steps is large. Therefore, the statistical properties of finite-step random phasor sums are different from those of classical ones. As an example, the negative exponential probability density function of classical intensity speckles is not suitable for speckles with limited steps. In some applications, including but not limited to synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery, wireless communication and wavelet analysis, when the probability density function of the classical speckle is used to calculate, the acquired result is often biased, and can't provide appropriate estimation with reasonable accuracy. In this paper, we make the statistical analysis of the Stokes parameters of the random polarization phasor sums with a limited number of steps. The statical properties for the stochastic optical fields generated with a limited number of steps are presented with different applications in optical engineering


The paper deals with the study of problems appearing in the process of operation of the Diesel engine with different fuel mixtures. The results of the experiment run for the Diesel engine by application of D-method show the interdependent aspect of the working cycle factors and the ratio of gasoline in Diesel fuel.


The boron deficiency would result in no seed of soybean,and root was the sensitive part to boron.This paper using pot experiment,studied the relationship between roots character and the yield of soybean north 9395(Glycine max(L.) Merrill)under the condition of boron,which was cropped prevalently and sensitive to boron.The results showed: length of taproot,diameter of taproot,dry weight of taproot,number of lateral root,total length of lateral root,dry weight of lateral root,dry weight of fibre,dry weight of root,root volume and total absorbable areas of root with boron supplied were all increased in certain degrees,among which diameter of taproot,number of lateral root and total length of lateral root had significant difference at a=0.01 level to B0;the supplied B could increase the number of seed and the weight of grain per plant to certain extent;the character of roots and relationship between the characteristics of roots and yield had certain correlations,the growing circs of taproot was a important index to judge other root characteristic;dry weight of taproot and dry weight of root had significant difference at a=0.05 level to yield,which considered the main index to judge the soybean yield.


The article gives a brief introduction of the present state of dilemma of discontinuing and insufficiency of farming land in our country, and analyses the necessity of tranfering farm land, while on the base of law, policy and practice, while points out the positive meaning and reasonable expectations of the reform.


A 26-year-old woman presented with dizziness for 4 weeks, accompanied by vertigo and imbalance for 10 days. Physical examination revealed dysarthria, nystagmus, tremor, and severe ataxia. Infectious and malignant etiologies were excluded. High-titer anti-Homer-3 antibodies were detected in CSF and serum. Neuroimaging showed prominent cerebellar swelling with enhancement (Figure). She got limited improvement despite aggressive immunosuppression. MRI at 2-month follow-up showed cerebellar atrophy, suggesting unfavorable prognosis.


was supported partially by the Nencki Institute and financial resources of WULS-SGGW. S1-06 The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: channel formation by F-ATP synthases


The nozzle-group regulation of steam turbines plays furtheron an important role in the operation of power stations owing to modern, adaptable control-technical valve timing possibilities. New procedures for a choice-connection of different nozzle areas via the control valves as well as the use of valve laps require, however, a differentiated consideration of the loss mechanism in the inlet area of the turbine, in order to be able to assess and minimize its specific heat consumption also at the operational points outside the layout- and calcualtion-technically fixed guarantee or valve points, respectively. The basic technical-physical stages to this are explained.


The hemoglobin (Hb), serum Iron (SI), serum ferritin, serum transferrin (Tr), serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration, Erythrocyte hemoglobin distribution width(RDW) and erythropoietin(EPO) in adults are suggested to provide a sensitive measure of iron depletion and the serum ferritin (Ferr) concentration is able to indicate the entire range of iron status, from iron deficiency to iron overload. However, little is known about those indexes in elite female distant runners. The objective of this study was to determine the above indexes in intensity training of 8 elite female distant runners two months ahead of national competition. Result showed that Hb concentration decreased in second sampling point and then recovered; SI concentration firstly decreased then increased, but it was not significant; Tr concentration, RDW and EPO level increased in second sampling point then fell to baseline; there was no significant difference in Ferr and sTfR concentration. It can be concluded that due to intensity training, iron metabolism in the initial stage of training was disturbed and then modulated in following training phase.


Growth and sporulation were examined for 30 auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis in a chemically defined medium with suboptimal amounts of nutrients. All strains except for some adenine‐requiring mutants could not overtake sporulation stage II when amino acids, vitamins, or bases were limited, whereas they sporulated fairly well without limitation.


Purpose: This study was conducted to compare and estimate sleep patterns and health status of the shift and non-shift factory workers. Methods: The subjects of this study were 290 male workers in 13 companies, which manufacture automobile parts in Daegu, Korea. Survey data were collected from March ...


This paper discusses the advantages of using state diagrams to model the behavior of robots and how to translate those models into code. Our main focus was to use robot programming with state diagrams as a context to teach introductory programming languages in an undergraduate curriculum.


A high-sensitivity optical fiber sensor for low refractive index (RI) measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is fabricated by fused splicing a section of multimode fiber (MMF) between two single-mode fibers (SMFs) with a slight offset at two splicing joints, then the MMF is tapered using fused tapering technology. The offset splicing between SMF and MMF can effectively excite more high-order modes. The tapered multimode fiber (TMMF) can enhance the strength of the evanescent field and promote the interplay between the high-order modes and the surrounding medium. The experimental results indicate that the offset value and the waist diameter of the TMMF are two determinants for RI sensitivity enhancement. The RI sensitivity up to 12145 nm/RIU is achieved over the low RI range of 1.3345-1.339. This proposed high-sensitivity fiber-optic RI sensor may provide a low-cost and effective approach for low RI measurement in many chemical and biological applications.


Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many seminal discoveries from the identification of MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors to the discovery of receptor-ligand pairs involved in NK cell activation and to the manipulation of NK cells in cancer. In this research topic, we asked a group of thought leaders in NK cell biology to review recent advances in their origins and biology, and their roles in cancer, infection and inflammation. Together, these 25 articles provide a timely survey of NK cells as critical immunologic components of health and disease. They will hopefully prompt further dialogue and developments in basic and translational immunology.


Copper doped titanium dioxide (Cu-TiO2) nanotubes were synthesised by hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen gas adsorption. The photocatalytic activity of the copper doped titanium dioxide nanotubes was investigated by photodegradation of methyl orange under UV light. The structural and morphological studies showed that, the copper was incorporated into interstitial positions of the TiO2 lattice to form a new phase of TiO2 (hexagonal). The copper doped TiO2 nanotubes possessed high surface area and pore volume, results high photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (MO).


Compared to traditional manual-operation method for tunnel-wall deformation measurement, DCRP (Digital Close Range Photogrammetry) technique based on non-metric digital camera is a new emerging and more effective non-contact measurement method. In practical applications, the deformation parameter measurement jobs are throughout the entire process of the tunnel construction to ensure the safety of the project. There are urgent requirements for portability and miniaturization performances of the measurement system to reduce the interaction of measurement job and project construction. A configurable 3D control field equipment was presented, the control points of which could be freely configured according to the practical work conditions and do not need to be re-calibrated. A novel portable tunnel-wall deformation measurement system based on the non-metric digital camera and DLT algorithm was set up. Experimental results showed that the precision of the system for a large section tunnel-wall deformation measurement is better than 0.1‰. The system presented in the paper has the advantages of portability and miniaturization, as easy to implement fast and in-situ tunnel-wall deformation measurements.


The body-centered cubic (bcc) {112}<111>-type twin is commonly recognized as the martensitic substructure in high carbon steels.1–10) It was suggested that low Ms (martensite start temperature) favors the formation of the twinned structure.1,11–13) In Fe–C system, low Ms corresponds to the alloy with high carbon content. Such a suggestion matches well with the experimental observations in high carbon alloys in which the twinning structure is the only martensitic substructure. Later, in low carbon alloys (~0.3 wt.%C), researchers found that an increase in Ms temperature by adding alloying elements did not decrease the propensity for transformation twinning, and it was concluded that Ms is not the sole factor determining twinning.14) Our recent investigation results have confirmed that the twin formation is also strongly related to the austenitizing temperature and quenching conditions, and the twin could be commonly observed to be martensitic substructure in quenched martensite of low A Simple Method for Observing ω -Fe Electron Diffraction Spots from < 112 >α-Fe Directions of Quenched Fe–C Twinned Martensite


This volume of the Holt series in Case Studies in Education and Culture 42 PRACTICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Jan.·Feb. we use for maintaining our selfmentor, Dasgupta resolved to become esteem in a mission field setting, a catalyst who would help people (3) for discovering some of the egoidentify their own needs and then defense mechanisms we employ in support them in their efforts to daily life, (4) for reviewing our develop programs to meet these needs, parentchild relationships both as. rather than a government agent who children of our own parents and as must "coerce or bribe" communities parent to our own offspring, (5) for to accept imposed programs of change. becoming aware of the local (area of The book begins with an organized service) cultural patterns in regard statement of the ideals that underlie to self-esteem development, (6) for such a catalytic approach. Then to establishing awareness of the probdemonstrate its effectiveness there lems which individuals and groups follows a detailed description of two face in regards to self-esteem in similar communities in the same periods of rapid social change, (7) for general area of West Bengal. One recognizing the problems of selfcommunity tried improvement by esteem which converts, who step depending largely on government out of a social context, must face, handouts and external pressure, while (8) for defining some of the eontrithe other developed a program of butions the church community could self-help under Dasgupta and his make to the self-definition of believers associates. who are undergoing drastic changes The book contains many practical in their value systems. ideas on community development but they are hardly as radically new as the book jacket suggests. PA readers will find the volume very helpful in its treatment of both leadership problems and the tension between generations in times of change. While t .. t"f th .. no a mus or e missronarysocial change agent, the book certainly is a worthwhile investment for any. one engaged in encouraging social change. Social Work and Social Change: A Case Study in Indian Village Development, by Suga ta Dasgupta, Boston: Porter Sargent Publisher (Extending Horizon Books), 1968, pp. xvi, 223, price $6.95.


Dear Editor: Both the American Psychiatric Association and the American Psychological Association, after exhaustive reviews and analysis of the literature, have concluded that there is no credible evidence that abortion causes psychiatric disorders. Ms Natalie P Mota, Dr Margaret Burnett, and Dr Jitender Sareen in their April 2010 article recognize the methodological challenges in studying the mental health effects of abortion, but, despite their protestations, commit precisely the same errors that have invalidated all other studies concluding that abortion does cause mental health problems. The errors include, but are not limited to, the following: their study is retrospective and uses a group that has been identified as having a lifetime history of a mental disorder; the timing of the abortion and the onset of a mental health disorder are not clear, owing to issues of memory that may be faulty and to the lack of verifying data; the authors are not clear whether a mental or substance abuse disorder precedes the abortion and is the reason for seeking an abortion or is the consequence of the abortion, despite the fact that studies have clearly shown that the clearest predictor of postabortion problems is a preexisting mental disorder; elective abortions are not distinguished from terminations for genetic reasons, 2 very different groups; and most importantly, they were unable to determine the wantedness of the pregnancy.


Objective To probe the methods to reduce recurrence rate of haemorrhage in decruslation period after esophageal variceal ligation. Methods 1 628 cases with esophageal varix bleeding were retrospectively divided into 2 groups:group I consisted of 1 382 patients whose activity were under strict supervision, and group II consisted of 246 patients, no special requirements being ordered. Results In group I , haemorrhage occurred in 6 cases(0.4%) during decrustation period with 4 cases(66.7%) resulting from coarse food taking and 2 cases(16.7%) from constipation and vigorous activity, respectively, 3 cases died from haemorrhage. In group II , haemorrhage occurred in 36 cases (86.2%), with 2 cases resulting from coarse food or tablet taking (5.6%), 1 case from acid reflux (2.8%) and 4 cases from constipation and vigorous activity, respectively. The total death rate was 21 (58.3%). Compared with in group II,while mortality rate in group I was the same, the recurrence rate was very significantly lower(P0.01). At last, the rebleeding rates in patients with liver function of Child-Pugh C grade were significantly higher than patients with liver function of Child-Pugh A or B grade.Conclusion Indications for esophageal varix ligation therapy and stringent adherence to regime stipulated for recovery could play a critical role in preventing recurrence of haemorrhage.


The white wax scale,Ericerus pela Chavannes,is an invasive alien species and also a new record species in Jilin province.It has one generation a year.The mated female scales pass the winter on twigs and small branches of the host,Ligustrum obtusifolium.In Changchun the females develop in mid April and produce large numbers of eggs in the bodies from early May to late May.The eggs hatch in early June and the tiny crawlers begin to move out to the leaves on the leaf face.In late August the females,after mating with males,settle down for the winter.The insecticides of chlorpyrifors or Alpa-cypmethrin used to kill nymphs are the most effective.


Domain Engineering comes from the Software field and aims the increase of reuse to allow reduction of cost and time in the development of systems. The deployment of this methodology in automation systems (products and industrial plants) – in which more disciplines (mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, among others) are present and therefore differs from the Software engineering, that deals basically with the reuse of Software artifacts – has awakened the interest of some research institutes, like the IAS (Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering of the University of Stuttgart), and will be analyzed during this work. The engineering of industrial plants is increasingly executed using the so called PLM Tools ("Plant or Production Lifecycle Management"), whose concept was originated from "Product Lifecycle Management", also abbreviated as PLM. The idea of these tools is to manage the assets not only in the engineering process, but also through operation and maintenance until the decommissioning of the industrial plants. Many of these PLM Tools support the object orientation principle from the Software engineering, and based upon this principle they address the integration of data from artifacts of the various disciplines. This work presents a concept for a multidisciplinary reusable technical artifact that was the base for the elaboration of an adapted DE Methodology for PLM Tools, in which the object oriented principle, is present. The presented ideas have been experimentally validated using as a case study a Modular Production System (MPS) together with the PLM Tool Comos from the company Siemens. The obtained results indicate a feasible implementation of the proposed methodology in the industry, aiming cost and time reduction through the reuse of multidisciplinary technical artifacts in domains with similar applications.


We have constructed a genetic map of the nuclear genome in rice (Oryza sativa L.), utilizing 322 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA markers and nine morphologlcal and biochemical genetlc markers. The RFLP map is based on the segregation of 144 F2 plants from a cross between Indica and Japonica varieties. The map covers a total of 1, 836 cM with 347 loci and exceeds the data recorded in the classical genetic map of rice by 58.5% and the current RFLP map (McCOUCH et al. 1988) by 32.2%. The RFLP linkage groups were assigned to the twelve chromosomes of rice using trisomic mutants andseveral genetic markers. This map should provide the basis for the mapping of genes controlling agronomic traits of rice.


Households in the Braintree District will soon be receiving a form asking residents to check whether the information that appears on the electoral register for those living at their address is correct


A two-dimensional (2D) steady state numerical model of concentration polarisation (CP) phenomena in a membrane channel has been developed using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package CFX (Ansys, Inc., USA). The model incorporates the transmembrane pressure (TMP), axially variable permeate flux, variable diffusivity and viscosity, and osmotic pressure effects. The model has been verified against several benchmark analytical and empirical solutions from the membrane literature. Additionally, the model is able to predict the rejection of an arbitrary solute by the membrane using a pore model, given some basic knowledge of the geometry of the solute molecule or particle, and the membrane pore geometry. This allows for predictive design of membrane systems without experimental determination of the membrane rejection for the specified operating conditions. A demonstration of the model is presented against experimental results for two uncharged test compounds (sucrose and PEG1000) from the literature. The model will be extended to incorporate charge effects, transient simulations, three-dimensional (3D) geometry and turbulent effects in future work.