Titanium dioxide(TiO2)materials are expected to play an important role in helping to solve many serious environmental and pollution challenges,because of their excellent performance in the fields of photocatalysis,biomaterials,electrochemistry and industrial catalysis.Among all the applications of TiO2 materials,there is a common process which is the contact of water molecules with TiO2 materials.Thus,the surface structure of TiO2,especially micro-structure of water molecules on TiO2 surface,plays a key role in the applications.Moreover,since the TiO2 material with larger surface area performs better,preparation of TiO2 materials with nanoporous structures has become a research direction.Hence,the behavior of water molecules confined in the nanopores of TiO2 is one of hot topics.Literature and our previous research showed that water molecules strongly adsorbed on the TiO2 surface,and the strong adsorption hindered the mobility of water molecules in the TiO2 pores.In this work we intended to improve the mobility of water molecules confined in TiO2pores by molecular dynamics studies,and to explain the reasons for the increase of mobility.These results could help experimental researchers to understand and reschedule their experiments.By adjusting a number of simulation parameters,we proposed that the more reliable method was covering the surface of TiO2 with a carbon layer.This method could greatly improve the mobility of water molecules in the TiO2pores without altering the original experimental condition.


Research conducted during an undergraduate project is presented and placed in the context of a larger research program. The study analytically investigates the effect that increased plasticity in the bottom longitudinal reinforcement has on the overstrength development in slotted beams. Emphasis is placed on comparison with traditional monolithic reinforced concrete beams. Two 16 storey moment resisting frames formed the basis of this investigation with one being a traditional monolithic system and the other implementing slotted beam connections. A multispring representation of a slotted beam was created to more accurately model the joint subassembly response. Non-linear time history analyses were performed on these frames using a suite of earthquake records for the Wellington region. Interstorey drift was observed to be larger in the slotted structure due to the reduced stiffness of the system. The slotted beam-column connections investigated exhibited comparable rates of strain hardening to equivalent monolithic connections under realistic seismic excitation. This is due primarily to large strain penetration experienced in the slotted connection when using large diameter bars necessitated by large moment demand. Characteristic overstrength factors of 1.22 and 1.25 were obtained for Grade 300 reinforcement for the slotted beam subassemblies tested. The on-going doctoral research into the behaviour and design of slotted beams by the first author under the supervision of the second and forth authors is introduced. 1 PhD Candidate, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 2 Professor, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Technical Director, Holmes Consulting Group Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand. 3 Engineer, Structex Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand. 4 Associate Professor, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.


Maize seeds emerge faster when planted seeds have their tip oriented downward. With such kernels, the first leaf emerges on the germ side of planted seeds. Through altering interplant and inter-row shading, spatial seed orientation may alter composition, yield and feeding value of plants. In 2011, 12 rows of two Pioneer hybrids at 69K and 84K plants per hectare were planted either randomly (R) with a mechanical maize planter or manually with kernel points downward with the germ of each kernel either facing other seeds within the same row (W) or facing adjacent rows of maize (A) in an alternating fashion. Plants were harvested on two harvest dates. When harvested at 33% plant DM, plant DM and grain yields for oriented kernels (average of W and A) were 16 and 27% greater (P ≤ 0.05) than for R. Because plant composition was not altered, milk per ton (Milk2006) was not altered by seed orientation, but because plant yield was increased, predicted milk per hectare was 27% greater when kernels had been planted with their tips downward. When harvested at 42% DM, plant and grain weights were 29 and 20% greater (P < 0.05) for W than R leading to 15% greater (P ≤ 0.05) predicted milk per hectare. In 2012, similar seed orientations and plant populations were tested using three Pioneer hybrids harvested on a single date (41% plant DM). Angles of the 38 first and the ear leaf relative to the germ were measured for 160 plants of each seed orientation. The first leaf emerged parallel to the germ azimuth (0.7 + 32.8 degrees). Plant dry weights were 25% greater (P ≤ 0.05) for A than R and ADF content and digestible NDF were 5 and 3% greater (P ≤ 0.05) for A than R. Silage and grain yields were 25 and 29% greater for A than R leading to estimates of 2% more milk per ton and 29% more (P ≤ 0.05) milk per hectare. At harvest, the number of dead leaves and husks was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for R plants. Spatial orientation of planted maize seeds, presumably through speeding emergence time, reducing interplant competition, and increasing capture of sunlight by leaves, increased biomass production that in turn increased projected milk yield.


In this article, I analyze the extent to which Turkish experi- ence provided and continues to provide a model for democra- tization in North Africa and the Middle East (MENA). Us- ing the 2011 (Arab Spring) mass movements, and the result- ing shifts from autocratic regimes toward democratic ones, I argue that the Turkish experience offered a framework for MENA countries to address radical tendencies. The promise of the Turkish model existed despite the categorical rejection of protest by Turkish authorities. Features of the Turkish model that appeal to the regimes in transition include its experience with parliamentary democra- cy, the successful shift from a limited economy controlled by elites to an open market system, and a turn from French-style secularism to a more flexible and inclusive model. In addition, Turkey's successful exit from a military tutelage demonstrated that a mild and peaceful transition away from autocracy is possible. I also argue that, based on recent experiences, Turkey should exercise caution regarding its new regional power: Defense of democratic culture and regional cooperation have already cre- ated difficulties as Turkey seeks to build global influence and maintain friendly relationships with its neighboring countries. Nevertheless, Turkish policy makers must continue to develop proactive and consistent policies towards the MENA region, in order to preserve the legitimacy built over the last decade. Finally, if democratization and development are major goals


The chorda tympani nerve, once described as the sensory part of the seventh cranial nerve, carries preganglionic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus to the submaxillary ganglion, and thus contributes largely to the secretory activity of the gland. Its terminal part fuses with the lingual nerve and supplies taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Kuntz! reviewed the proof of secretory fibers to the salivary glands by Ludwig in 1851, and by Heidenhain in 1878; they stimulated the chorda by weak induction shocks, causing the submaxillary and sublingual glands in dogs to secrete actively; they were able to vary and regulate the degree of secretory function by stimulation of the sympathetic or the parasympathetic nerves to the glands, alternately. Contemporary investigators confirmed the findings.


In scientific literature there is a great conceptual confusion about thedefinition of «job insecurity». In fact, jobs can be insecure for three main reasons:because they are subjectively felt insecure; because they are short-term by contract; or,finally, because of short tenure. Following recent research on Italian labour market,we show how useful is to keep these dimensions separate to track and understandthe evolution of labour market dynamics. For each insecurity dimension an overviewof the literature as well as original analytical insights over the topics considered areprovided. The analysis is addressed to stimulate further research, presenting and usingindicators for the study of job insecurity that are rarely used in Italian literature.Finally, all along the article we compare our results with mainstream sociologicaltheories about job insecurity, showing how the use of empirical data allow us torender a more realistic and many-sided image of western countries labour market.


The invention provides an oil gas prospecting method and system, and the method comprises the steps of: using ground spectrometer to measure ground object spectrum data in study region; using digital camera to collect ground object description data in the study region; collecting ground surface sample data and measuring condition data; using portable GPS to collect measured ground object coordinate data in the study region; according to the ground object spectrum data, ground object description data, ground surface sample data, measuring condition data and measured ground object coordinate data to generate ground object spectrum database in the study region; using satellite or airplane-carried high spectrum imager to collect ground object high spectrum remotely sensed image data in the study region; processing the data in the ground object spectrum database and ground object high spectrum remotely sensed image data to obtain oil gas prospecting target region data.


In this article, the opportunities are considered and the degree of correctness of using physiological characteristics as health indicators, such as maximum oxygen consumption, threshold of anaerobic metabolism and complex functional tests is analyzed. It is proved that the level of somatic (physical) health corresponds fully to the definite level of physical state.


We examine a model of a driven two-level system with injected coherent atoms. We find a set of lasing phase diagrams for the resonant excitations. We show that the laser field in the system is related to the initial preparation of atoms, and that when the degree of this coherence is changed, the system exhibits bistability in the inversionless region. We also discuss the crucial role of atomic coherence in achieving lasing action. There has been considerable interest recently in the study of lasing without inversion ~LWI!. Many schemes have been proposed @1‐15#. Most of these publications have focused mainly on the conditions for the onset of lasing action, and a few others have shown that inversionless lasers may have some interesting statistical properties, such as narrower linewidths due to reduced spontaneous emission noises @10~a!#, and amplitude squeezing in three-level @11# and four-level systems @7~c!#. Most recently, we have shown that @8# it is possible to obtain optical bistability in the inversionless region for a driven two-level system with incoherent atomic injection. Investigating various schemes for LWI, it is not difficult to find that atomic coherence effects and external pump field~s! are fundamentally important for achieving LWI. Now the following questions are raised. What is the connection between the atomic coherence and the external pump field? What is most important for achieving laser light? The laser model we analyze here is similar to that in Ref. @8#. N two-level atoms are injected into a cavity and directly driven by a coherent external pump field. The difference is that the atoms are prepared coherently before they are injected into the cavity. Since the external pump field and injected atomic coherence are included in one model, this enables us to discuss the above-raised questions. Some interesting results have been obtained. We obtain a set of ''phase diagrams'' for the model. There are three phase regions: a monostable lasing region and two bistable regions. The bistability can be obtained even when the upper-level population is almost zero. In all regions ~i.e., for all choices of parameters!, the system lases without the need for population inversion. A detailed analysis shows that atomic coherence ~or polarization between transition levels of active atoms! plays a crucial role in achieving laser action.


Vickers hardness measurements have been made at room temperature for four thermodynamically stable quasicrystals. The hardness value of Al-Li-Cu icosahedral quasicrystal is about 500 (kg/mm2) and those of Al-transition metal quasicrystals are commonly around 1000, which is extremely high for aluminum based alloys. Anisotropy in the hardness in Al-Co-Ni decagonal quasicrystal is rather small.


This study examined the association between collegiate recreational sports (CRS) involvement and undergraduate retention rates after 1, 2, and 3 years of study at a midsized Canadian university. Astin's theory of involvement and Tinto's inter-actionist theory of student departure provided the conceptual underpinnings for the study. The results of the study indicated a significant association between CRS employment, or participation in intramural sports, with retention when compared to the broader student population that were not participating in intramural sports nor employed by the CRS department. These findings will assist recreation directors and program staff to ensure that the value of recreational activities for all students and the leadership opportunities provided through staffing programs and recreational facilities with students continues to be seen as important to university administrators.


Multiple theoretical perspectives were applied to investigate what happened as four teacher educators used web-based video case technology in their pre-service literacy methods courses. In particular, this study examined the impact of the cases on the teacher educators' course curriculum and instruction and the impact of the teacher educators on the video cases as a technology for pre-service literacy education. Interviews, and observations were conducted and syllabi were collected over one academic year. Analyses were conducted using four theoretical perspectives—Transformational, Transactional, Deictic, and Critical—to reveal the powerful influence teacher educators have on the preparation of literacy teachers and the impact of context and surrounding factors on the teacher educators' curriculum and pedagogical practices.
This study is particularly informative in four areas: (1) Literacy Methods Course: Findings reveal that the use of the web based video cases changed the curriculum and pedagogy of the all the teacher educators' methods courses, but the resulting changes were not uniform across the four teacher educators studied. (2) Teacher Educators: Results indicated that the teacher makes a difference in pre-service development and that contextual factors for each teacher educator also make a difference. (3) Technology, Literacy, and Teacher Education: It was found that a new literacies perspective was not necessarily taken up in any of these literacy methods classes even though the teacher educators and their students used new technologies. Specific education and support for teacher educators appears to be required for such a perspective to be adopted. (4) Theory for Research in Literacy Teacher Education: Findings revealed that the multiple theoretical perspectives taken in this study were necessary to understand the realities, complexities, and possibilities of the implementation of web-based video cases in pre-service literacy methods courses. No single perspective captured the impact of the use of the video cases.
Implications are drawn for future research in literacy teacher preparation, curriculum and practice in pre-service literacy programs and courses; use of technology in the preparation of literacy teachers; and the role of university context and literacy leaders in the development of pre-service literacy teachers and well qualified literacy teacher educators.


Generalizations and refinements of normal ordering have been studied in the literature (see [1, 2, 3, 4]). Here we introduce a generalization of the normal ordering for boson operator functions. The generalization is based on the number of contractions whose vertices are next to each other in the linear representation of the function itself. In this way, we introduce a parameter associated to these specific contractions. The use of the parameter allows to refine the set of contractions and to give a statistics on this set, obtaining the standard normal ordering as a special case. Additionally, we outline a framework for an even more general approach to normal orderings, where contractions between vertices of different distances are allowed to have arbitrary weights. With this tools we are able to extend some of the results of Katriel [1], where a concise theory of Bell polynomials was described in terms of the algebraic and Fock space properties of the boson operators. Keeping in mind that general formulas for normally ordered forms are commonly difficult to obtain (see [5]), our analysis is potentially useful in computing the standard normal ordering, since it provides a larger perspective, at least from the combinatorial point of view. The paper is organized as follows. In Section II we introduce a generalization of the boson normal ordering. In Section III we discuss some physical aspects of this generalization. In Section IV we give an explicit formula for the generalized normally ordered form of the function (a†a)n (Theorem 5). In order to establish the result, we prove that there exists a bijection between the set of contractions of (a†a)n having degree k and the set of partitions of n with k rises (Proposition 3). Considering coherent states (see, e.g., [9]), we prove relations between the generalized normal ordering and integer sequences like the Bell numbers and Stirling numbers, thus generalizing observations of [1]. Finally, in Section V we describe a rather general framework for generalizations of normal ordering by introducing weights for contractions satisfying some natural conditions. However, on this general level we neither consider explicit expressions nor physical applications; this will be left for future investigations.


The present invention relates to laser welding apparatus having a laser powder layers powder powder supply device for a laminate welding device (1) and such powder feeder (1). The powder supplying device 1 is provided with a nozzle head (3) having a cavity (6) is retracted along the longitudinal axis (2) of the powder supply device (1) toward the first end (4). Cavity 6 are arranged radially around the longitudinal axis (2) inside the nozzle head 3, is retracted towards the first end 4 of the nozzle head (3). Cavity (6) is through the annular opening (7) arranged in a first end (4) for discharging the powder. A powder supply device (1) is the powder supply pipeline of the plurality (N) has a (8-1, 8-2, 8-3), the first end 4 of the pipeline are the nozzle head (3) extending toward the cavity 6 by the second end 5 of the nozzle head (3) which faces, and is formed to transfer the powder to the cavity (6) from a powder reservoir.


The Dutch Ministry of Defence has asked TNO to study mine neutralisation by small calibre projectile impact. This method would not demand the close approach of a suspected object. A single shot with a high accuracy weapon at a large stand-off will eliminate the danger and will allow for close approach to inspect the object after observing the necessary safety time. This paper discusses the laboratory study performed to evaluate the reactions of an Anti Personnel pressure activated mine, the Dutch AP- 22C1, both with and without detonator. These preliminary results show that mine neutralisation with small calibre projectile impact seems a promising technique (using .338″ AP, .50″ Ball or .50″ APIHC projectiles). However, armed mines (with detonator) could respond with a detonation, followed by unwanted collateral damage


We report the case of an infective Candida albicans fungal endocarditis occurring in a 68-year-old male patient operated on for valvulopathy and with a pacemaker, with a delay of 06 years between his cardiovascular surgery and the onset of endocarditis. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood culture and echocardiography showing the presence of vegetations, the patient was then put under fluconazole with clinical and transient biological improvement before the worsening of the clinical picture and control echocardiography increase the size of his abscess of the mitral ring, which motivated the decision of a surgical treatment.


The term "e-commerce" is becoming more popular as businesses became aware of the potential role of the Internet as a powerful medium for conducting business. Some enterprises in central region have adopted B2B business model, yet in e-commerce journals, the central region in China has received surprisingly scant attention, empirical evidence lags behind theoretical development. Combining with the current economy conditions of the east and middle regions, this paper discusses the e-commerce development in China, and picks out two typical B2B Websites China.chemnet.com in Hangzhou City and whcotton.com in Wuhan City, analyzes and compares their advantages and disadvantages, basing on the analysis results, the paper proposes six suggestions on the e-commerce development for the Central Region of China.


When grinding cement, ferrous and non-ferrous metals is commonly used drum ball mills. For example, the share of cement in grinding mill consumes more than 60% of the energy used to manufacture it. The material in the drum ball mill is crushed under the influence of grinding media (balls) moved in the cross-section drum mill due to shock and abrasive loads. It is known that if the material particles are larger than 1 mm, it is advisable to grind by punch and less than 1 mm by abrasion. Most often drum mill is divided by a perforated partition into two chambers-in the first grinding bodies are running in crushing hammer mode, while the second chamber abrades. Since at the end of the first chamber in a drum mill there is more than 50% of particles smaller than 1 mm it is necessary to create conditions of abrasive grinding bodies operation. As the mill drum is rotated with a certain constant frequency mode to regulate the movement of grinding bodies by other means, namely the size of the grinding bodies, the lining profile, load factor of each mill chamber. The most effective way to achieve the desired mode of motion of grinding media, is the change in the coefficient of friction between the grinding media and lining. This is achieved by a certain profile of lining. By changing the profile of the liner at each site of mills drum we provide conditions for the selectivity of the grinding process without changing the value of the load factor of the chamber grinding media, grinding media size and the frequency of rotation of the mill drum.


As the competition in the present marketing is hotter and hotter and purchasing power is gradually rising customers are not only satisfied with the perfect product provided by companies. One more significant thing for customers is the perfect consumer experience offered by companies (Turner, 2001). This paper makes use of relationship quality as the disturbance variable and makes research on the impacts of experiential marketing on customers' satisfaction. The study object is customers of Costco Wholesale Corporation and the data collection method used here is questionnaire. (Questionnaires are recovered then used SPSS 14.0 to factor analysis, reliability & validity analysis, hierarchical regression analysis respectively). Hoping the results and findings of the research will be helpful to companies in the application of experiential marketing.


(that is, where the slope changes direction), then matching and merging the query segments, greedily, according to their score. Shapesearch supports a natural language interface for novice users, speech-to-text scenarios, and integration with other NL services, a regular expression interface for more complex expressions, and a sketching interface for drawing patterns by hand. The sketching interface promotes visual patterns as the primary model for reasoning about subsets of data— not equations, not complicated queries or code, not unreliable labels or metadata. It is this idea that separates ShapeSearch from other proposals for visualization search, including Draco and Voyager.3 Shapesearch represents a significant departure from conventional data analysis approaches by lifting approximate visual patterns as a firstclass component of interaction and computation. This work has the potential to help develop a class of software and methods subscribing to this view, and, as the authors point out, immediately suggests some intriguing directions for future work: better interfaces to support mixing sketches and code, auto-complete features to support incremental composition of complex queries, and search over different attributes simultaneously.


The abstract reveals the problem of working on home reading texts as a means of forming English communicative competence of students. It is noted that the original text is a separate, individual work of speech. It is emphasized that home reading is mandatory for all language learners, which helps to obtain the necessary information. It must be constant and systematic. There are three main approaches to the study of such a text, which are combined into three models: cultural model, language model, personal growth model. It is emphasized that the 2nd language model of studying a literary text is more suitable for studying the work. It is noted that working with a literary text involves its full understanding through clear tasks. Methodologists distinguish three stages of work: pre-textual, textual and post-textual. It is proved that working on texts from home reading is a means of forming students' communicative competence.


A discussion is presented of the robustness of the Capetanakis collision resolution algorithm for multiple-access networks. In particular, they show that the algorithm is robust against errors that cause different stations to see different feedback information on the results of the transmission attempts, and they quantify, using simulation, the performance (throughput/delay) degradation caused by those unshared errors.<<ETX>>


This paper proposes the design of the Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) Access Subsystem (INAS) in order to provide ISDN subscribers with various information services through the Advanced Communications Processing Systems (ACPS). We designed the functional modules of the INAS which were accommodated by the existing open-structure ACPS. In addition to defining the MAS protocol reference model and the call control procedures for the interface between the MAS and the Packet Network Access Subsystem (PNAS), we designed the transfer service primitives used to deliver the information between the network access subsystems and the switching fabric within the ACPS. Thus, ISDN subscribers have easy access to the information services and business using ISDN in Korea will be more activated.


According to the basic categor ized types of legislative system of taxation in the world,this article detailedl y analyzes the actuality and the main questions in our national legislative sys tem of taxation through expatiating the legislative power of taxation including vertical and horizontal orientation and explaining the legislative proceeding o f taxation and then puts forward the policies for perfecting legislative system of taxation to promote the legislative environment of taxation in our country.


The effect of deuteration on the quenching cross section (σQ2) has been determined for propane, cyclopropane, isobutane, and propylene. The results were as follows, with the σQ2 values, in A2, in parentheses: C3H8 (1.2); CH3CD2CH3 (0.17); CD3CH2CD3 (1.0); C3D8 (0.09); cyclo-C3D6 (0.29); (CH3)3CH (4.8); (CH3)3CD (0.44); C3H6 (29.8); and C3D6 (28.7). The deuterium isotope effect is most pronounced in the secondary C—H bonds of propane, and the tertiary C—H bond of isobutane. In the latter case, the isotope effect is estimated to be 15–16. For propylene, perdeuteration has little, if any, effect on σQ2, indicating that C—H bonds are not involved in quenching. Further implications of the results with respect to the quenching process are discussed.


In this paper we report for the first time micro-Raman scattering study on the residual strain in single crystalline Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/.


As the concentration of population in urban areas and the extension of those areas advances, this paper adopts a perspective that addresses urban development in relation to the development of capitalism. On the one hand, the literature on gentrification and the urbanization of capital, as part of a critical urban theory, allows addressing the current urban dynamics, highlighting the trend of appreciation of land and property values. On the other hand, the seminal work of Polanyi showed that the development of a market economy, which required that factors of production (land, labor, money) became independent (from previous social embedding) in the field of economic exchange, has always faced against social resistance aimed at maintaining ("re-embedding") economic activity in social imperatives and uses. At the interplay of those analyses, housing is a key issue, particularly in terms of the realization of the value of property, which may take the form of use value or exchange value. This leads to raise the issue of accessibility conditions to housing in urban areas for a plurality of social groups. Indeed, some social actors mobilize themselves against the commodification of an essential good such as housing and seek to regain control over it in various ways. By analyzing six housing cooperatives in two Swiss cities, this work highlights the diversity of these forms of housing, their contribution to its use or exchange value, and their interweaving with local policy choices, while identifying the key elements of success of such projects as well as their limitations.


The present work completes the toolbox of analytical solutions that deal with resolving steady-state temperatures of a multi-layered structure heated by one or many heat sources. The problematic of heating sources having non-rectangular shapes is addressed to enlarge the capability of analytical approaches. Moreover, various heating sources could be located on the external surfaces of the sandwiched layers as well as embedded at interface of its constitutive layers. To demonstrate its relevance, the updated analytical solution has been compared with numerical simulations on the case of a multi-layered electronic board submitted to a set of heating source configurations. The comparison shows a high agreement between analytical and numerical calculations to predict the centroid and average temperatures. The promoted analytical approach establishes a kit of practical expressions, easy to implement, which would be cumulated, using superposition principle, to help electronic designers to early detect component or board temperatures beyond manufacturer limit. The ability to eliminate bad concept candidates with a minimum of set-up, relevant assumptions and low computation time can be easily achieved.


In 53 cases of chronic sinusitis, the mucous mombrane of the sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses were histologically studied. The findings of these sinuses were compared each othey to find the histologic characteristics of the mucous membrane in the chronic sphenoidal sinusitis.The histologic changes of the mucous membrane of thesese sinuses were classified into the following groups:The maxillary sinus The minimal type 4 cases 7.5% The fibrous type 3 cases 5.6% The fibrous-infiltrative type 15 casas 28.3% The infiltrative type 10 cases 18.9% The edematous type 2 cases 3.8% The edematous-infiltrative type 19 cases 35.9%The ethmoidal sinus The minimal type 14 cases 26.4% The fibrous type 4 cases 7.5% The fibrous-infiltrative type 9 cases 17.0% The infiltrative type 2 cases 3.8% The edematous type 8 cases 15.1%The sphenoidal sinus The minimal type 14 cases 26.4% The fibrous type 9 cases 17.0% The fibrous-infiltrative type 17 cases 32.1% The infiltrative type 2 cases 3.8% The edematous type 3 cases 5.6% The edematous-infiltrotive type 8 cases 15.1%From these results the author concluded that in chronic sphenoidal sinusitis, the fibrous type or fibrous-infiltrative type were more frequently seen than in the other two sinuses.It might be said that the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinus shows more fibrotic reaction than the other two sinuses in the chronic sinusitis.


Barchester Healthcare's Memory Lane Communities programme is gaining recognition for its standards in specialist care for people with dementia. In this article, Sheena Wyllie and Val Gains explain the company's philosophy, which recognises that every person is an individual. It is practised by staff who undergo training in Barchester's bespoke dementia care programme, which places the family at the heart of the process of understanding the person with dementia.


Reducing the damage caused by invasive species requires a community approach informed by rapidly mobilized data. Even if local stakeholders work together, invasive species do not respect borders, and national, continental and global policies are required. Yet, in general, data on invasive species are slow to be mobilized, often of insufficient quality for their intended application and distributed among many stakeholders and their organizations, including scientists, land managers, and citizen scientists. The Belgian situation is typical. We struggle with the fragmentation of data sources and restrictions to data mobility. Nevertheless, there is a common view that the issue of invasive alien species needs to be addressed. In 2017 we launched the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project, which envisages a future where alien species data are rapidly mobilized, the spread of exotic species is regularly monitored, and potential impacts and risks are rapidly evaluated in support of policy decisions (Vanderhoeven et al. 2017). TrIAS is building a seamless, data-driven workflow, from raw data to policy support documentation. TrIAS brings together 21 different stakeholder organizations that covering all organisms in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. These organizations also include those involved in citizen science, research and wildlife management. ‡ § § § | ¶ § © Groom Q et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. TrIAS is an Open Science project and all the software, data and documentation are being shared openly (Groom et al. 2018). This means that the workflow can be reused as a whole or in part, either after the project or in different countries. We hope to prove that rapid data workflows are not only an indispensable tool in the control of invasive species, but also for integrating and motivating the citizens and organizations involved.


The technique demonstrated here provides features of both scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The metallic probe acts to record current variations and sense forces from the same sample area simultaneously. Thus, separate images may be recorded, in registry. The collected data allows real space correlations between some electrical properties and the geometric structure of a sample surface. The same tip is used since the geometry and condition of the tip can effect the data recordings. Platinum alloys, tungsten and graphite tips have been employed successfully. An AFM lever can respond to surface contact forces, within the elastic limits of the sample, while electric current is sensed by the tip of the lever. The usefulness of this experimental procedure is tested here by an application to semiconducting samples of Ag‐doped CdTe in air and in paraffin oil media.


In recent years there has been increased concern about the environment of peaceful coexistence at schools. In line with this concern we conducted a comparative study between Mexico and Spain. This study aims to explore the performance of teachers in primary, secondary and high school situations which disrupt school coexistence. To achieve this objective we used a 27-item questionnaire. The data obtained were processed with software created by a member of the research team, Peiro (2000, Universidad de Alicante). The results show that teachers' performance in both groups are limited to be able handle situations that may cause incivility.


Traditionally, noble metal nanoparticles have been widely used as catalysts for various chemical reactions. Recently, 3d transition metals have emerged as promising candidates for being introduced ...


The present invention relates to hair treatment compositions comprising Dicocoyl pentaerythrityl distearyl citrates. Dicocoyl pentaerythrityl distearyl citrate is used in the hair treatment composition of the present invention as part of an active ingredient complex. The compositions of the invention are further characterized as that no silicon is contained.


language teaching has become complicated owing to its position as the loading vehicle of culture. .isolating ap-proach works against dialectic materialism as to override the basic laws of humane cognition, which entraps language teaching.The essential way to be considered maybe is to cultivate the cultural sense of the target language.


With the Various mass System of motion along the given geometrical locus, the paper discusses the related Problems of some documents according to the core motion equation of the various mass system as the nature coordinate axis of the locus.


Document content is increasingly customised to a particular audience. Such customised documents are typically built by combining content from selected logical content modules and then editing this to create the custom document. A major difficulty is how to efficiently update these derived documents when the source documents are changed. Here we describe a web-based visual editing tool for both creating and semi-automatically updating derived documents from modules in a source library.


The 'magic bullet' concept of Paul Ehrlich that 'toxins' could be targeted to cancer took a leap forward when the hybridoma technique was described by Kohler and Milstein in 1975 allowing unlimited production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). However, the therapeutic promise of MAbs has taken some time to be realized requiring humanization of mouse antibodies, recombinant production protocols, and discovery of ideal targets. Most of the approved MAbs are IgG1 molecules that can initiate complement-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, leading to cell lysis. MAbs can also act directly when the binding of antibody activates or inhibits a signalling pathway in turn causing inhibition of proliferation and/or apoptosis.


The prognosis of cancers of various organs overexpressing thymidylate synthase (TS) has been reported to be poor. It has been suggested that the poor prognosis is partly due to a low sensitivity of TS‐overexpressing tumors to TS‐targeting 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). To investigate the relationship between TS expression and sensitivity to 5‐FU, we used the TS‐overexpressing cervical cancer cell line SKG‐II/TS and SKG‐I/TS that had been established by TS gene transfer. The 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5‐FU for SKG‐II/TS was 24 ± 6.0 μM, which was 6 times as high as that for the control (4.0 ± 1.1 μM), showing significantly decreased sensitivity to 5‐FU (p < 0.01). The IC50 of 5‐FU for SKG‐I/TS was 90 ± 15 μM, which was over 2 times as high as that for the control (40 ± 0.6 μM), showing significantly decreased sensitivity to 5‐FU (p < 0.05). Thus, TS‐overexpressing tumors have decreased sensitivity to 5‐FU, which may be one of the factors that determine the prognosis of these tumors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


industrialization, the rise of a secular state, and the decline of Protestantism. Unsurprisingly, personal salvation rather than social reform was seen as the answer to the threats to religion and morality posed by the first two categories, while the reduction in Protestant power, perceived to be inherent in several decades of legislation dealing with education, politics, and religious establishments, was increasingly met with militant anti-Catholic rhetoric. Teasing out some of the paradoxes and inconsistencies of the evangelical mindset, Dickson concludes that "there lay behind this religion of confidence deep insecurities, brought to the fore by the challenge of new forces in society that tested the capability of evangelicalism to adapt and survive" (181). The penultimate chapter, focusing on the impact of this religious discourse on its listeners, while potentially the most interesting and significant, is also clearly the most difficult and inconclusive. The author rightly refuses to reduce his analysis to neat certainties, pointing to the subjective nature and complex dynamics of speaking and listening, the diverse motivations and expectations of preacher and audience, and the deficiency of helpful source material in this regard. He considers instead the "speculative soil" of, for example, social gatherings and the status conferred on preachers, and makes use of the concept of the sermon as an important mode of communication, influencing other public discourse and playing a significant part in shaping public opinion about important aspects of everyday life. Overall, while this reader found the second half of the book most interesting and informative, the work as a whole makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the pervasive influence of evangelicalism on life in the northeast of Ireland. Comprehensive in its coverage, and written in an accessible and engaging style, the author has succeeded in persuading this reader at least that his study of the unlikely topic of the evangelical sermon is a worthy and productive scholarly endeavor, and one that could be usefully adapted to other regions.


According to descriptions in Section 3.1.1, sulfate deposition collected in this study seems to include a portion of dry deposition (i.e., it is not a wet only collector). Apparently, dry deposition contributes a larger fraction of the total collected deposition in occult precipitation than in rain. It should also be noted that the actual dry deposition to forest canopies may be much higher than the portion collected by the instruments


Abstract Solid solutions of the form Fe II (1− x ) Fe III x O x F 2− x have been synthesized by the reaction of FeF 2 with FeOF in a sealed platinum tube at 850°C. Careful electron probe microanalysis and X-ray powder diffraction have determined the existence of two distinct solid solution regions extending from 0⩽ x ⩽0.08 at the Fe II F 2 end and from 0.71⩽ x ⩽1 at the Fe III OF end with a miscibility gap from 0.08⩽ x ⩽0.71. Electron diffraction experiments have revealed the presence of characteristic diffuse intensity distributions for samples within either solid solution region. Plausible explanations for the observed diffraction phenomena, based upon crystal chemical and bond length–bond valence arguments, are provided.


ABSTRACT The amount of rented farmland in Norway has increased steadily since the 1950s. Concerns have been raised questioning whether farmland is treated less well by tenants compared to landowners. This study aims to investigate how farmers perceive their treatment of rented farmland, which factors impact their decision-making related to this and if farmers are concerned about farmland elements that are less important for productivity but mainly of interest for cultural heritage or environmental management reasons. Semi-structured interviews with a group of randomly selected farmers were carried out in an area dominated by intensive agriculture. Independent of, for example, amount of rented land or duration of the rental agreement, all farmers agreed that rented land was treated well. A strong competition for farmland in combination with farmers being dependent on renting land was the most important reason. Results from this study may be transferrable to other farming areas, at least where competition for farmland is comparable. We do suggest, however, that any further research on treatment of rented farmland in Norway should take a regional approach, since national statistics may cover significant regional differences.


Dysregulation of Akt, PTEN, Drg‐1, Cx‐26, and L‐plastin expression appear to be important in the progression of various cancers. Their expression in bladder cancer has not been well characterized. To assess the expression of these genes and their relationship to the outcome of bladder cancer, we used a bladder cancer tissue microarray (TMA) of 251 transitional cell carcinomas. We quantitated immunohistochemical staining of each protein using both automated and manual methods and correlated the expression levels with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor and patient survival. Overall, the results from both automated and manual analyses were similar. We found a significant correlation between the expression of PTEN, Cx‐26 and L‐plastin with known clinically important pathologic features of bladder cancer (tumor grade, stage, and growth pattern). Aberrant localization patterns of Cx‐26 and Drg‐1 were observed in bladder tumors. There was also a significant correlation in expression among pAkt, PTEN, and L‐plastin. Although the expression of these genes correlated with factors known to be associated with patient outcome, none of them was an independent predictor of progression‐free or overall survival. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The downhole logging of Hole 396B on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 46 was the first attempt to obtain in situ physical property data in Layer 2 of the oceanic crust, and one of the few published logging attempts in basaltic rocks (Zablocki et al., 1974; Keller et aL, 1974; Siems et al., 1973, 1974; Crosby and Anderson, 1971). Hole 396B is about 160 km east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22°59.14'N, 43°30.90'W. The oldest sediments cored from above the basalt are middle Miocene, about 13 million years old (Leg 46 Shipboard Party, this volume). The depth of the hole is 405.5 meters. The hole was logged from the base of the casing at 163 meters to about 370 meters, depending on the tool. The top of the basement is at 150.5 meters (Leg 46 Shipboard Party, this volume). The original objectives of the logging program were to determine, in situ, physical properties and the positions of the lithologic contacts in the hole, especially in intervals of poor recovery. Within the limitations of the tools used, these objectives were met. Because logging instruments are not standard oceanographic tools, this paper will first present a summary of the tools used and their limitations. It will then present the data and address the following questions: 1) What are the tools measuring? 2) How precise are the measurements? 3) How representative of the in situ values are the data? 4) How well can the logs be used to distinguish different rock types? 5) How well can the logs be used to determine lithologic boundaries? 6) What do the logging data tell us about the state of the upper part of Layer 2 at this site?


Objective To discuss the characteristics of MRI in delayed radiation-induced brain injury after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy. Materials and Methods The characteristics of MRI,ADC,MRS were reviewed in 57 patients with delayed radiation-induced brain injury after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy of 10-moth to 20-year. Results Most of the delayed radiation-induced brain injury lesions occurred in the temporal lobes,and a small number of lesions located in the brain stem. The frontal lobe or cerebellar were involved when the temporal lesions were large. MRI demonstrated prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation time of the necrosis of the brain tissue,they might showed heterogeneous signal intensity and cerebral edema. MR enhanced T1WI showed the lesions presented punctate,nodular enhancement or shrinks-shaped flower-laced enhancement. The ADC map showed higher signal. Cho peak was higher and NAA peak lower in 1H-MRS. The lesions of 54 patients occured in the temporal lobe,and 2 with frontal lobe involved,1 with cerebellar involved. The lesions of 3 patients occured in brain stem.The lesions of 38 patients occurred in bilateral temporal lobes,including lesions of 2 patients directly affects the frontal lobe,16 patients occurred in unilateral temporal lobe. Conclusion MRI can clearly demonstrate the radiation-induced brain injury,and ADC and MRS are benefit in the differential diagnosis.


Objective Application and intervention research in perioperarive Antimicrobials and intervention empress of implement effect, and take in to evaluate. Methods 2568 surgical cases of patients who discharged from the hospital from June, 2006 to December, 2007, random survey 120 medical records of surgeries in the perioperative period. Study the application of rationality to Perioperarive antimicrobials. Results Perioperarive antimicrobials's utilization is too high and takes long course in the treatment. The unreasonable phenomenon of using Perioperarive Antimicrobials (as for drugs of choice , time of using drugs, joint use drugs, etc.) is common. After intervention of Antimicrobials, represent a significant increase over the reasonable rate. Conclusion Unreasonable use of Perioperarive antimicrobials will increase the numbers of ADR, bacterial resistance and patients' medical expenses.


In order to increase the variety of NiB particle and extend its existing application range,the NiB/SiO2/CTAB(hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) powder catalyst was prepared by using immersion chemical reduction method.The composition,phase and organic morphology of prepared NiB/SiO2/CTAB powder were characterized by using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectro-photometer,etc.The results show that the NiB particle is successfully deposited on the surface of nano SiO2 support,the prepared NiB/SiO2/CTAB powder is nano-level and present as irregular aggregate.CTAB existing in prepared powder was confirmed by using infrared analysis.


Examination of dynamic behavior of soil when subjected to air blast loading; empirical method for predicting resulting ground displacement; computation of vertical displacement at particular time; horizontal displacement is based on assumption that entire pressure wave passes through given soil stratum at constant velocity and inclination; emphasis is placed on procedures for determining pertinent physical properties of real soils.


Recently discovered Taipingchuan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is located in the north of Derbugan metallogenic belt, Ergun city of Inner Mongolia. Concentric rings of hydrothermal alteration and Cu-Mo mineralization occurred surrounding the granodiorite porphyry. Two hydrothermal alteration zones front the host porphyry to wall rocks have been recognized in Taipingchuan mine: A silicified-sericite zone and an argillic alteration zone. The Cu-Mo mineralization is clearly controlled by the silicified-sericite alteration. By using the zircon U-Pb dating methods a precise age data of the host porphyry is obtained. The dating data show that the age of host porphyry is 202 +/- 5. 7Ma. The inherited zircon (784Ma) has also been found in the host porphyry, which indicates that a Proterozoic block was probably located in the study area. Geochemically, the host porphyry of Wunugetushan possesses some geochemical characteristics of adakite (i.e., high SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), Na(2)O and Sr contents, as well as La/Yb ratios, low MgO, Y and HREE contents). Some geochemical characteristics of the host porphyry, including relatively high SiO(2), Yb contents and Th/Nb, Ce/Nb ratios and relatively low Al(2)O(3), TiO(2), MgO, Sr, Th contents and Th/Ce ratio indicate that the porphyry derived from partial melting of the subducted slab. The Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the porphyry displays an initial ((87)Sr/(86)Sr), ratio of 0. 70943 to 0. 71019, a negative epsilon(Nd)(t) values of -3. 4 to -3. 9. The Sr-Nd isotopic data indicates that Proterozoic block had some contribution to the magma sources of the host porphyry. Combining the regional geology, we infer that the subduction of Mongol-Okhotsk ocean slab under the Ergun block led to the host porphyry forming, and Taipingchuan Cu-Mo deposit was related to a continental arc environment.


There is now a significant body of evidence that links glutamine-enriched diets with intestinal effects;aiding maintenance of gut barrier function,intestinal cell proliferation and differentia- tion,as well as generally reducing septic morbidity and the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.This paper reviewed pharmacological mechanism,pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,toxicology and pros- pects of the clinical application of Glycyl-L-Glutamine.


70 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)were randomly assigned into controlled group(group C)and trial group(group T),35 patients in each group,according to the rules of regulating propofol's titration during TIVA.The target of group C is to keep SBP/DBP 90~140 mm Hg/60~89 mm Hg and that of group T is to keep BIS 40~60 during anesthesia.The surveying indexes including SBP/DBP,HR,BIS,total dosis of Propofol,time to extubate,time to leave operating room and OAA/S(observer's assessment of alertness/sedation).After operation,to evaluate whether awareness during surgery happens.Compared with group C,there are higher SBP/DBP and BIS in group T after induction of anesthesia,during and after operation,but less dosis of propofol and less time of extubation and staying in operating room in group T.These results indicated that TIVA could be more accurately regulated by BIS during LC operation and accordingly the recovery from anesthesia was accelerated and extremely deep anesthesia was avoided.


Fast, robust, and flexible part feeding is essential for enabling automation of low volume, high variance assembly tasks. An actuated vision-based solution on a traditional vibratory feeder, referred to here as a vision trap, should in principle be able to meet these demands for a wide range of parts. However, in practice, the flexibility of such a trap is limited as an expert is needed to both identify manageable tasks and to configure the vision system. We propose a novel approach to vision trap design in which the identification of manageable tasks is automatic and the configuration of these tasks can be delegated to an automated feeder design system. We show that the trap's capabilities can be formalized in such a way that it integrates seamlessly into the ecosystem of automated feeder design. Our results on six canonical parts show great promise for autonomous configuration of feeder systems.


In this article, we studied the time‐fractional Burgers–Huxley equation using the natural transform decomposition method. The fractional operator is treated in the Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio, and Atangana–Baleanu senses. We employed the natural transform with the Adomian decomposition process on time‐fractional Burgers–Huxley equation to obtain the solution. To establish the uniqueness and convergence of the accomplished solution, the Banach's fixed point theorem is used. The obtained findings are visually shown in two‐ and three‐dimensional graphs for various fractional orders. To illustrate the efficacy of the method under discussion, numerical simulations are provided. The proposed solution captures the behavior of the reported findings for various fractional orders. A comparative study was conducted to ascertain the proposed method's correctness. The findings of this study establish that the technique investigated is both efficient and accurate for solving nonlinear fractional differential equations that arise in science and technology.


The control strategy of the automatic voltage control(AVC) system for provincial dispatching,the coordinated control strategy between the provincial and the regional AVC systems,and the coordinated control strategy between voltage stability and AVC are studied and compared.The features and defects of the existing system are analyzed,and problems in constructing the AVC system as well as relevant solutions are proposed.


General dispersive surface impedance boundary conditions (SIBCs) are formulated in the time domain in conjunction with an upwind finite difference method for the solution of the Maxwell equations. The associated convolution integral is implemented using an efficient recursive technique. The technique is validated on a test problem consisting of a short Gaussian pulse impinging on a lossy dispersive half-space. The reflection coefficient obtained via this new technique is compared with the exact analytic solution and the results agree very well.


Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526; Oklahoma Biological Survey & Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019; and Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia


We report X-ray spectroscopic results for four giant solar flares that occurred on 2005 September 7 (X17.0), 2005 September 8 (X5.4), 2005 September 9 (X6.2), and 2006 December 5 (X9.0), obtained from Earth albedo data with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on board Suzaku. The good energy resolution of the XIS (FWHM ∼ 100 eV) enables us to separate a number of line-like features and detect the underlying continuum emission. These features include Si Heα, Si Lyα, S Heα, S Lyα, Ar Heα, and Ca Heα originating from solar flares as well as fluorescent Ar Kα and Ar Kβ from the Earth's atmosphere. Absolute elemental abundances (X/H) averaged over the four flares are obtained to be ∼2.0 (Ca), ∼0.7 (Si), ∼0.3 (S), and ∼0.9 (Ar) at around flare peaks. This abundance pattern is similar to those of active stars' coronae showing inverse first ionization potential (i-FIP) effects, i.e., elemental abundances decrease with decreasing FIP with a turnover at the low end of the FIP. The abundances are almost constant during the flares, with the exception of Si which increases by a factor of ∼2 in the decay phase. The evolution of the Si abundance is consistent with the finding that the i-FIP plasma originates from chromospheric evaporation and then mixes with the surrounding low-FIP biased materials. Flare-to-flare abundance varied by a factor of two, agreeing with past observations of solar flares. Finally, we emphasize that Earth albedo data acquired by X-ray astronomy satellites like Suzaku and the X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy Mission can significantly contribute to studies of solar physics.


Using the Logic Push-Down automata LPDA] formalism to express resolution strategies, we show how new resolution strategies can be derived from a basic Call/Return-oriented strategy by (a) modulating the information ow and (b) applying some standard simpliications. The correctness of the resulting strategies is proved. This study takes place in the context of a tabular-based evaluation of the strategies (automatically given by the LPDA) where to focus on relevant information may avoid useless computations and reduce the cost of the tabulation. Some proofs are provided in appendix in case the rewievers wish to check them. They are not part of the paper and may be ignored.


Shanxi Province,known as "iron and coal town",is becoming one of the provinces with most serious ecological destruction since 1980s,with the predatory exploitation of mineral resources and extensive planting of raw materials industry.So the land reclamation work is urgent and of great significance.This article analyzed the land reclamation status quo and existing problems and corresponding developing methods for the future were propected.


Contrary to a widespread belief, a huge and continuously growing number of students do not meet the demands that universities make. These students can be divided into two groups: The first group describes students who often do not score as many credit points per semester as they are intended to [1]. This leads to an extension of their prescribed period of study. Some students even suspend attendance from college temporarily due not to problems regarding contents of their subject, but also to financial, familial or other challenges. In worst cases this even leads to a rising student withdrawal rate. The second group characterises "honors students". These "most able" students often need higher intellectual stimulation which a "normal" curriculum cannot offer them. Based on this knowledge it is highly important that universities start developing (or fitting their existing programmes to) retention programmes focusing on the specific subjects/challenges as mentioned before. At RWTH Aachen University (Germany) a special committee deals with exactly this matter. Within the framework of the "Challenge Excellence in Teaching" initially funded by the "Stifterverband" this "mentoring committee" is responsible for installing a retention programme to support and encourage students to manage their learning in order to maximise their potential, improve their performance and advance their career [2]. Not least this mentoring programme can be an appropriate means to reduce student attrition [3]. When designing a mentoring programme for students, several questions appear: Who can act as a mentor? How can or must a programme like this be organised? What will be the main content? Is it possible to create a field manual for the mentors despite a broad diversity on the one hand concerning the students and on the other hand concerning size, subject etc. of the faculties? How and by whom can the mentors be trained? How can a huge programme like this be installed and evaluated? And last but not least: how can it be financed? All these questions have been thoroughly discussed by the committee and answers as well as solutions have been largely found at this stage: Field manuals are currently being created by the committee and specially trained psychologists, mentoring jobs are being created with the help of the nationwide so called "Bund-Lander-Programme – Quality in Teaching and Improvement of the Study Conditions", where the committee has acquired additional long-term financing etc. The evaluative supervision of the mentoring programme at RWTH Aachen University is based on a 3 year plan. In the first year, from the second quarter of 2010 to the second quarter of 2011, the conceptual design as mentioned before has been discussed and brought forward in a special mentoring committee consisting mainly of academic advisors as well as students. The second year is thought to serve as a year in which the mentoring programme will be established in the many different departments/faculties of the university. Finally, in the third year the first mentoring cycle can be evaluated based on a first insight into a "student reality" that will be gained by the mentors during the first run. This knowledge allows the tutors to check pervious assumptions and to – if necessary – adjust the mentoring programme to the needs of the students.


Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a commensurate modulated structure in a Na-rich alkali feldspar (Ab66Or29An5) from a basalt from Anhui Province, China. High-resolution TEM images with wavelike (001) lattice fringes directly reveal one-dimensional modulation waves in the crystal. The average modulation period along the b axis is 14d010 (≅180 Å), although both larger and smaller spacings have been observed. The modulated structure can be described as periodic stacking of (010) layer domains following the albite twin law. The relationship between the extended cell (supercell) of the modulated structure and the normal alkali feldspar unit cell (subcell) is as follows: asup ≅ asub, bsup ≅ 14bsub , csup ≅ csub, βsup ≅ βsub (subscripts "sup" and "sub" indicate the supercell and subcell, respectively). A possible space group for the modulated structure is Pm. In situ heating and cooling experiments suggest that the phase transition in this feldspar thin foil might be a weakly first-order and displacive transformation. The transition temperature is close to 500 °C for the crystal examined. The modulated structure formed during the phase transition of the feldspar from C2/m symmetry to C1̅ at a rapid cooling rate. A heuristic nonlinear dynamics model for the arrangement of triclinic domains in the feldspar at the phase transition from monoclinic to triclinic symmetry was developed on the basis of a Landau potential, a damping term accounting for the structural differences among neighboring units, and a periodic force in the crystal along the b axis. Numerical solutions indicate that periodic modulation arises during the monoclinic to triclinic transition only under special conditions relatively far from equilibrium, and a nonperiodic arrangement of triclinic domains along the b axis is the more general case. Therefore, according to this model, the modulated structure is a metastable and intermediate structure between monoclinic (C2/m) and triclinic (C1̅) phases. This type of modulated structure in Na-rich alkali feldspars may indicate high-temperature growth as a monoclinic crystal, followed by very rapid cooling into the triclinic stability field


On the surface, the thesis that progressive education was "the educational phase of American Progressivism writ large" appears valid; but when one examines the various stages in the development of progressive education it becomes more and more like a misleading generality. The thesis suggests, among other things, that progressive education was a unified movement that continued to give expression to the ideology of progressivism until the mid-nineteen-fifties. Even if one were to ignore the other serious problems raised by this thesis, it would still be necessary to explain how it was possible for the educational phase of the progressive movement to survive by some thirty-five years the parent reform movement that came to an untimely end in 1920 with the landslide presidential victory of Warren G. Harding. But there is a more serious difficulty with Lawrence Cremin's thesis that may make it unnecessary to explain the strange tenacity of the progressive educator. In The Transformation of the School, Cremin observed that during the thirties a paralyzing split developed within the movement when influential educationists reacted against the child-centered pedagogy, which had reached its apogee during the twenties, by seeking "to tie progressive education more closely to political Progressivism." Simply stated, the question that must be answered is whether the ideology of social reform-minded educators like George S. Counts, Harold Rugg, John L. Childs, and William H. Kilpatrick, who were the influential educationists to whom Cremin is referring, can be identified with the ethos of progressivism, with its emphasis on economic and political individualism. And if it cannot, then it would appear that the progressive education movement encompassed at least two distinct and often conflicting ideologies, of which only one can be identified with the progressive movement.


Natural Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites as Engineered Structural Materials David B. Dittenber Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University Compared to most synthetic fibers, natural fibers are low-cost, easy to handle, have good strengthand stiffness-to-weight ratios, and require only around 20-40% of the production energy. Natural composites also offer the long-term potential to create large-volume, biodegradable structural components using only renewable resources. Two of the main challenges facing natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites' adoption as infrastructure materials are their higher moisture absorption and lower mechanical properties when compared to synthetic composites. The objective of this work was to examine these issues and to provide a comprehensive evaluation of NFRP's ability to act as a structural material. Issues explored in this evaluation include: chemical treatment of fibers to reduce moisture absorption and improve bonding, mechanical characterization of laminates, weathering and durability, manufacture of large-scale components, theoretical modeling, and sustainability assessment. As a chemical treatment, aligned kenaf fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (alkalization) in different concentrations and durations and then manufactured into kenaf fiber / vinyl ester composite plates. This aligned fiber composite configuration was found to possess flexural strength and stiffness over 2 times higher than for a pultruded natural fabric composite. Single fiber tensile properties and composite flexural properties, both in dry and saturated environments, were assessed. Alkalization was shown to increase single fiber tensile strength by ~35-70% and composite flexural strength by ~12-15% over untreated fibers, while stiffness was improved by as much as 50% in both single fiber tensile tests and composite flexural tests. A treatment of 5% NaOH for around 16 hours was found to produce the most promising mechanical results, although with little improvement to moisture performance. Based on ASTM standard testing, a comparison of flexural, tensile, compressive, and shear mechanical properties was also made between an untreated kenaf fiber reinforced composite, a chemically treated kenaf fiber reinforced composite, a glass fiber reinforced composite, and oriented strand board (OSB). The mechanical properties were evaluated for dry samples, samples immersed in water for 50 hours, and samples immersed in water until saturation (~2700 hours). On average, at 40% fiber volume fraction, a kenaf composite with bidirectional reinforcement had a flexural strength and stiffness of 28 ksi and 1.09 Msi, respectively, and a shear strength and stiffness of 6 ksi and 0.35 Msi, respectively. At the same volume fraction, a kenaf composite with unidirectional reinforcement had a tensile strength and stiffness of 25 ksi and 3.3 Msi, respectively, and a compressive strength and stiffness of 17 ksi and 3.35 Msi, respectively. When the mechanical properties of the kenaf composite were divided by the material density to get the specific properties, they were found to be comparable to the glass fiber composite's specific properties. Since NFRPs are more vulnerable to environmental effects than synthetic fiber composites, a series of weathering and environmental tests were conducted on the kenaf fiber composites. The environmental conditions studied include real-time outdoor weathering, elevated temperatures, immersion in different pH solutions, and UV exposure. In all of these tests, degradation was found to be more pronounced in the NFRPs than in the glass FRPs; however, in nearly every case the degradation was less than 50% of the flexural strength or stiffness. Using a method of overlapping and meshing discontinuous fiber ends, large mats of fiber bundles were manufactured into composite facesheets for structural insulated panels (SIPs). The polyisocyanurate foam cores proved to be poorly matched to the strength and stiffness of the NFRP facesheets, leading to premature core shear or delamination failures in both flexure and compressive testing. Despite the poor performance due to the core material, theoretical calculations show that kenaf SIPs offer the potential to be 2-4 times stronger and more than 2.5 times stiffer than the OSB SIPs that are already common in the construction industry, if significant improvements can be made to the core and the core-facesheet interface. The NFRPs were found to match well with the theoretical stiffness prediction methods of classical lamination theory, finite element method, and Castigliano's method in unidirectional tension and compression, but are less accurate for the more bond-dependent flexural and shear properties. With the acknowledged NFRP matrix bonding issues, the over-prediction of these theoretical models indicates that the flexural stiffness of the kenaf composite may be increased by up to 40% if a better bond between the fiber and matrix can be obtained. Natural FRP strength prediction using maximum stress and strain criteria was again found to be relatively accurate in unidirectional tension and compression and significantly less so in flexure and shear. The sustainability of NFRPs was examined from two perspectives: environmental and socioeconomic. The environmental sustainability was assessed by a simple comparison of five International Residential Code-based wall designs: OSB SIPs, glass fiber composite SIPs, kenaf fiber composite SIPs, stick-framing, and insulating concrete forms. The environmental impact metrics of embodied energy and contributed CO2 were examined for each of the designs. The analysis results indicated that the stick-framing and OSB SIP wall designs were the cheapest and most eco-friendly, while the composite SIPs were the least eco-friendly. While the kenaf fibers themselves possess excellent sustainability characteristics, costing less while possessing a lesser environmental impact than the glass fibers, the vinyl ester resin used in the composites is environmentally hazardous and inflated the cost and embodied energy of the composite SIPs. Consistent throughout all the designs was a correlation between the respective costs of the raw materials and the respective environmental impacts. The socioeconomic study looked at the sustainability of natural fiber reinforced composite materials as housing materials in developing countries. A literature study on the country of Bangladesh, where the fibers in this study were grown, showed that the jute and kenaf market would benefit from the introduction of a value-added product like natural fiber composites. The high rate of homeless and inadequately housed in Bangladesh, as well as in the US and throughout the rest of the world, could be somewhat alleviated if a new, affordable, and durable material were introduced. While this study found that natural fiber composites possess sufficient mechanical properties to be adopted as primary structural members, the two major remaining hurdles needing to be overcome before natural fiber composites can be adopted as housing materials are the cost and sustainability of the resin system and the moisture resistance/durability of the fibers.


It is usually considered that focus bears communicative function in discourse, each language has its own ways to realize focus. This paper compares the focus realization of Jinan dialect and Taiyuan dialect. It aims to investigate the similarity and difference of focus realization through examining the variations of mean F0, duration and intensity in both focused and unfocused conditions between these two dialects. The data represents that F0 is the closest acoustic correlate with focus in both dialects. Suppressing the pitch range in the post-focus region and leaving the pitch range of the pre-focus syllables unchanged exist in all the dialects; meanwhile, focus in Jinan dialect is also realized by expanding the pitch range of all the syllables on-focus, but in Taiyuan dialect the pitch range of all the syllables on-focus doesn't observed significant expanding. Furthermore, no obvious differences in syllable duration and intensity between the focused and unfocused condition are discovered in all these dialects.


The article makes the synthesis of the debates and the interventions which took place on the occasion of a seminar gathering the actors of urban policies in Lyon, in March 2008. This seminar had several goals: to replace a scatte- red action with a collective strategy, to legitimate the role of the "project manager", and eventually, to achieve a better assessment of the global performance of the urban policy. The seminar analyzed more specifically the question of the "social request": if the urban policies rest on the social request of the inhabitants, how do we succeed in co-producing this request, between professionals and beneficiaries?


Two X-ray methods are given for studying crystals grown mainly in one direction. The first is based on Laue photographs; the second on the diffractometer. Twist of the crystals, small misorientations and axial screw dislocations can be detected.


Developing a high-performance Li–O2 battery demands an air electrode with a high-efficiency bifunctional catalyst. Here we designed a new type of bifunctional cathode catalyst by mounting ruthenium nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide co-doped with nitrogen, iron, and cobalt. The catalyst exhibited significantly higher ORR and OER activities than a commercial Pt/C catalyst in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. With this novel catalyst as the cathode, the battery exhibited an ultra-high reversible capacity of 23 905 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Furthermore, the battery also exhibited an excellent cycling stability—after 300 cycles of limited capacity, the discharge plateau potential decreased only slightly, and the energy efficiency was still above 60%. The battery also demonstrated good rate performance; with discharge current densities of up to 1000 and 2000 mA g−1, the capacities still reached 14 560 and 6420 mA h g−1, respectively. We suggest that the excellent performance of our catalyst can be ascribed to the excellent ORR performance of the multielement co-doped graphene and the excellent OER performance of the mounted Ru nanoparticles. In addition, the nanosheet structure with high surface area of the multielement co-doped graphene may result in the formation of uniform Li2O2 nanocrystals, which make the formation (discharge) and decomposition (charge) processes much more reversible.


The paper reports on a rare case of a secondary amenorrhea caused by a tumour of the adrenal cortex. The exact preoperative diagnosis, the therapy and the further postoperative control are discussed.


We are at a point now where many students of Java's culture regard the history of present-day musical activities as irrelevant, either because they believe that history to be indecipherable, or because the musical activities themselves are considered to need and be worthy of more consideration than their history. Yet the materials available for a general discussion of the Javanese past from the ninth century A.D. on, though perhaps not as plentiful as those of Western cultures, are substantial, and a sufficient proportion of them relate to the antecedents of what is regarded as music by Western and Javanese musicologists to justify a large amount of musicological--music history--research. It seems to me that what we need is a reformulation of our ideas on the history of Javanese music.


Aim: EUS has often informed us about the detailed nature of submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluate the relationships between EUS patterns and histological findings of rectal carcinoid tumors. Patients and Methods: Between January 1995 and January 2006, 17 cases of rectal carcinoid tumor were experienced at the Center Building Clinic. There were 8 males and 10 females with their age ranging from 37 to 72. All the tumors were detected by colonoscopy. Of these, EUS (EU-M30 and probe 20 and/or 30MHz, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was applied to 15 lesions of 15 cases. Internal echo patterns of the carcinoids were classified into nodular high echo pattern, fine high echo pattern, and very fine high echo pattern. The resected specimens were examined histologically, and the findings were classified into subgroups by cellular/stromal density of the tumors. Results: The tumor size ranged from 2–10mm with an average of 5.4mm. Application of EUS confirmed the existence and depth of the tumor even in cases of diminutive 2–3mm lesions. All carcinoid tumors were shown as low echoic submucosal lesions. Nodular high internal echo patterns in the low echoic lesion on EUS reflected sparse carcinoid cell nests and low stromal density histologically. Fine high internal echo patterns showed medium carcinoid cells and medium stromal density. Very fine internal echo patterns in the low echo mass corresponded either to dense carcinoid cells and high stromal density or to sparse carcinoid cells and high stromal density. Conclusion: EUS is very useful to ascertain the existence of diminutive carcinoid tumor and to determine the depth of tumor in the rectal wall. In addition, EUS appearances correspond well to histological findings.


Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient Paraguayan shrub of the Asteraceae family, is the main source of steviol glycosides (SGs). SGs are a group of intensely sweet diterpene glycosides that are zerocalorie sweeteners, approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Besides having sweetness properties, they are thought to possess some biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-tumor and anti-hypertensive activities. Recently, SGs are an important part of the food and beverage industry since consumer demand for natural sweeteners is increasing. This review presents an overview on safety, health benefits and current applications of SGs.


The sawmilling processm is considered to be one of the most important activities of the Forest Industry in Mexico, and one of the basic stages to transform to logs into final useable products. The efficiency of this process is measured though lumber recovery studies. In order to analize the lumber recovery factor of representative band sawmills in Mexico.


These reflections on today's situation in modern art are directed to those who have a deeply rooted need to look at and experience the art of our time, namely, persons who are devoted to art and not to sensations, novelties and fashions. Not that I am against the latter, as they provide ample entertainment, if not boredom, and therefore fulfil needs other than for art. Not everyone has the gift to differentiate between what is new and what is novel on the art market. This fact is mainly responsible for the confusion of the general public and the art world. Contemporary art objects have become a commodity. Today's artistic manifestations are considered particularly modern or avant-garde the more they lack the power to arouse feelings of both emotional and intellectual satisfaction in the beholder. About half a century ago, certain works of art of that time had a shock value, often not intended by the artist. They differed much from previous works of art not only because of the new conceptions or ideas introduced by the artists but also because the materials and techniques employed were unusual. Today, nothing in art can shock the beholder any longer [I]. Kandinsky's dictum Alles ist erlaubt ("Everything is permitted") has been adopted verbatim by many artists. There are practitioners of the arts today who proclaim complacently that they love to be boring and, I agree, they succeed. I do not doubt that they have honesty of purpose, but I do find it objectionable that their boredom is heaped upon the public by highly developed methods of publicity. Until a short time ago, an individual could escape becoming acquainted with certain art objects by simply ignoring shows of works which would bore him. Today, however, the media of mass communication in our society force him to see such products whether he wants to or not. Pop art, I believe, now undergoing a rapid decline as a novelty, is readily understood by the masses. In our society, one's attention is constantly being


Abstract This philosophy of education paper describes a schizophrenic situation. A new airport is being planned in the locale of a university which is a Centre of Excellence of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and the university is a major partner. The airport involves an investment in jobs, resources, and will encourage further economic development. The planners have named the inter-connected developments around the airport as the 'Aerotropolis', including new university facilities. One could argue that the airport is a classic example of the 'Capitalocene', where capital rushes into a new project, and environmental costs are ignored. This paper will execute a schizoanalytic critique of the process, from the perspective of a university education researcher caught up in the rushing flows of capital. Schizoanalysis has been chosen as the educational methodology to analyse this situation, because the researcher is part of what is happening, and is turned inside out (schizo) by the designation in their region of the new airport. This paper is positioned in education between capital and the environment – it will describe from an insider's perspective what it is like to be possessed, evacuated, sold out, and exploited by capital.


The invention discloses an anti-spill structure for an air conditioner condensate water draining pipe. The structure comprises the draining pipe connected with a condensate water outlet of the air conditioner, and a tee joint is arranged at the top of the horizontal position of the draining pipe and is connected with an exhaust pipe. By the aid of the exhaust pipe, the top end of the draining pipe is exposed in the atmosphere, negative pressure is prevented, draining of condensate water is smooth, and the condensate water is prevented from flowing backwards and spilling out.


The sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis(Z/E)-12-tetradecene-1-ol acetate was synthesized in an total yield of 36.6% with the cheaper 1,12-dodecanediol as starting material,through mono-bromination,acylation with acetic anhydride,oxidation with pyridine oxide and Wittig reaction.The ratio of Z/E was confirmed to be 89/11 by GC.Then,configuration transformation of the ratio(Z/E,89/11) in the solution of sodium nitrite and nitric acid resulted in the ratio(Z/E,17/83).The product was confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectra data.The merit of this method is convenient,easily manipulated and the total yield is higher than that the reported before.


Because of increased requirements on the reliability, maneuverability and survivability of modern highspeed trains, more and more advanced control theory is applied against actuator failures. The control reallocation and adaptive control have long been attracting research interest in the field of fault-tolerant control, which is reflected in the design and development of powerful and complex control systems against actuator failures. In this paper we investigate the velocity tracking control problem of high-speed trains with multiple vehicles connected through couplers in the case of actuator failures. First, the multiple point-mass model is built and the common actuator failures of the train operation control system are divided into two types: stuck in a fixed value and loss of effectiveness. When plant inputs are stuck in a fixed value, a novel approach based on the control reallocation theory is implemented to ensure the system stability and performance. Meanwhile when the loss of the actuator effectiveness occurs, a robust adaptive fault-tolerant control method is applied. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is also confirmed through numerical simulations based on a train similar to China Railways High-speed 5 (CRH5).


Purpose. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the preparation programs for educational administrators and supervisors in colleges and universities in the State of Tennessee, (2) to analyse the certification requirments for administrators and supervisors in Tennessee, and (3) to determine the number of administrative and supervisory personnel employed in the State of Tennessee during 1971-72. The problem was divided into components to facilitate the identification of the many aspects involved. The subproblems were to identify the colleges and universities in Tennessee that offered programs for preparing educational administrators and supervisors; to determine each institution's number of graduates from 1969 through 1972, degrees offered, number of graduates employed during 1971-72, entrance requirements, areas of specialized training, residence requirements, courses offered on and off campus during 1971-72, number of faculty members, qualifications of faculty members; to identify through the Tennessee State Department of Education the certification requirements, and number of new certificates issued between July 1, 1971 and June 30, 1972; and to ascertain through the county and city school superintendents the number of administrators and supervisors employed between July 1, 1971 and June 30, 1972. (Abstract shortened.)


The Nativity scene (presepio), from the Santuario de Nossa Senhora dos Remedios, in Lamego (Portugal), is a rare and precious example of Portuguese clay sculpture from the eighteenth century. This Nativity scene presents more than 60 polychrome clay sculptures, with heights between 10 and 18 cm. The main figures show rich details and techniques, similar to the wooden sculpture decorative motives from the same century: glass eyes, lace, sequins, silver halos, glazes and metallic leafs. The presepio is contained within a wooden polychrome structure - a reliquary. Several analytical techniques were carried out in order to characterise some of the physical and chemical features of the materials. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of the pigments were performed by optical microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The technical investigation preceded the conservation and restoration of the sculptures.


We thank the National Institutes of Health for support through Grants 5R01 DK37702-02 (G.B.J.) and GM 18865 (JS-L), the National Science Foundation Solid State
Chemistry Program Grant DMR 8313710 (W.M.R.), and the Comite Conjunto Hispano-Norteamericano para la Cooperacion Cultural y Educativa for a fellowship awarded to P.G.-R.


The lossless image compress system based on FEHW(Function-level Evolutional Hardware) was designed to realize lossless image compress. This system is composed of evolution unit,function unit and classification unit, its configuration is self-adapt changed by GA(Genetic Algorithm). It can do pixel prediction and error prediction by function evolutional mode during lossless image compressing to improve the performance of lossless image compress. The LOCO(Low Complexity Lossless Compression),JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group),CALIC(Context-based Adaptive Losssless Image Coding) and GA algorithms have been simulated,the results of lossless compress are given. Comparisions of 9 types standard image by different algorithms are also given. The average compress ratios was 4.885 bit/pixel.


Taking some super-large unique foundation pit near rivers as the example,the paper undertakes the risk identification,the risk analysis,and the risk evaluation of the foundation pit construction process,establishes the risk evaluation system of the foundation pit construction,points out some risk control measures at the foundation excavation,the foundation watering,and the bottom plate construction,and achieves better effect,so as to provide beneficial reference for similar projects in future.


The conventional aerating facilities can not ensure the aeration effect.Taking chute section of sand flush bottom outlet of Longkaikou Hydropower Station for an example,this paper proposes two optimized programs based on the original design scheme.The reasonable aerating facilities are determined with hydraulic model test.Results show that the program can produce a good cavitation reduction effect,which adopts the combination of sudden bottom drop for aeration and flip bucket in outlet of pressured spillway tunnel and the aerator of combination of aeration slot and flip bucket in the middle of chute section.


Most universities have a powerful collection of computing resources on campus for use in areas from high performance computing to general access student labs. However, these resources are rarely used to their full potential. Grid computing offers a way to unify these resources and to better utilize the capability they provide. The complexity of some grid tools makes learning to use them a daunting task for users not familiar with using the command line. Combining these tools together into a single web portal interface provides campus faculty and students with an easy way to access the campus resources. This paper presents some of the grid and portal tools that are currently available and tradeoffs in their selection and use. The successful implementation of a subset of these tools at the University of Arkansas and the functionality they provide are discussed in detail.


The paper investigates the dual effect of innovation on employment and skill upgrading in manufacturing and service industries. Based on the Harrison et al (2008) approach and using four waves of CIS data for the period 2004-2010 for 23 European countries, we find that product innovation has a consistent positive effect on employment growth. This effect is similar for manufacturing and service industries. Process innovations are found to exhibit labor displacement effects for manufacturing, but no negative effects for service industries, while organizational and marketing innovations reveal a consistent positive impact on employment. We also study the impact of innovation on skill upgrading and find that increasing the share of firms engaged in process innovation by 10 percent will lead to an increase in share of high skilled labor by 2 percent, while increasing the share of firms engaged in organizational and marketing innovation by 10 percent will lead to an increase in share of high skilled labor by 4 percent and an increase in share of scientific workers by 2 percent. These effects of innovation on demand for skilled labor are, however, limited mainly to manufacturing sector, while in service industries these effects are lower by some 60 to 80 percent. Finally, we also control for the impact of Chinese import penetration and find no significant impact on employment growth, but find a strong positive impact on skill upgrading. Our results indicate that increasing the share of Chinese imports in total imports by 10 per cent leads to an increase in share of high skilled labor by 2 percent. These findings are consistent with the "trapped factor" model of innovation developed by Bloom et al (2011).


States' international obligations under conventional and customary international law regarding the prosecution of international crimes. The impact of security council referrals to the international criminal court on States'
international obligations. Immunities and duty to cooperate under South African domestic law.


In this article,combining with the author's post work,explains the essentiality and superiority that strengthen the standard management of quarantining in concentration and butchering at fixed-site in villages and towns.On the basis of concrete condition in villages and towns,proposes the specific requirement of butchering station in villages and towns and the regulatory regime of quarantining personnel.Mainwhile the quarantining in concentration and butchering at fixed-site requests many department of government give full cooperation to make this task for standard.


Sustainable peatland management will have an impact on the welfare of the community as a whole. Rural communities use peatlands as their primary source of income.  This article aims to formulate plants on peatlands to improve the economy of the community Indragiri Hulu Regency. The method used is a combination of field observation data and a participatory geographic information system (GIS-P). The utilization of peatlands is still dominated by oil palm and rubber plants. Peatlands have the potential for high-value and environmentally friendly vegetation, such as gaharu, barley and liberica coffee. The shallower peatlands are suitable for horticultural vegetation such as rice and short-lived vegetables and fruits. Besides, it is reasonable to cultivate wetlands in Indragiri Hulu, such as catfish, catfish, tilapia and tilapia. Through this participatory information system, it is possible to determine the commodities developed in the region.


The objective is to determine the strength of the optical fibers to be used in the VLPC cassette. Strength tests were done on optical fibers that are to be used in the VLPC cassette. A number of the fibers will hang vertically and support a suspended copper isotherm. Concern was expressed over whether one fiber could support the entire weight of the isotherm (8 ounces) if uneven shrinkage of the fibers occurs at cryogenic temperatures. The fibers have a polystyrene core and testing done at room temperature showed that one fiber can support the isotherm with a factor of safety of 13.2 before fracture will occur from a uniaxial load. Data in Cryogenic Engineering by Scott shows that the strength of plastics increases (although polystyrene is not listed) as they are cooled. Two tests done to the fibers with liquid nitrogen support this. The safety factor of 13.2 will only increase at cryogenic temperatures. These results were determined through three tests whose summaries are given.