Abstract IN STUDIES of emergency feeding, continuing those reported previously by the author (Platt, 1944), three pens of White Leghorn pullets hatched March 5, 1943 were subjected to a change for six days, starting January 8, 1944, from the regular feeding schedule of dry mash and grain ad libitum. In one group the mash was removed and grain fed ad libitum; in another the grain feeding was discontinued and mash fed ad libitum; and in the third group the mash was discontinued and a mixture of sprouted soybeans and minerals fed as a substitute. At the end of six days, normal feeding was resumed in all pens. The sprouted soybeans were produced by first soaking beans of the Black Wilson variety for 24 hours in warm water, then spreading them on trays kept at room temperature for four additional days, during which they were immersed in water for approximately 15 minutes . . .


Editor's Abstract
 The following 'Recollections and Reflections' have been invited from four long-standing members of the academic Geography community at the University of Glasgow, their brief being to combine personal recollections with reflections on wider changes (in the discipline, department, university and beyond) that they have witnessed over the years. Ian Thompson reviews key developments in the Glasgow Department during and following his tenure as Head of Department (1976–1985 and 1988–1991), as well as reflecting upon the international dimensions of departmental (and wider university) activity. Gordon Dickinson narrows the optic to the late-1960s and early-1970s, concentrating more explicitly upon the grounded experiences of research, teaching and securing Geography as a respected university discipline. Stella Lowder opens another window on the period from the mid-1970s to the present, offering important critical remarks about, and assessing transformations within, matters of gender, seniority/hierarchy, workload and broader 'cultures' integral to departmental/university life. Ronan Paddison, addressing much the same period, circles back from the international scale tackled by Thompson to the immediate context of Glasgow, the city, within which, and to an extent against which, his research in and teaching of urban geography have been deliberately and constructively situated.


Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dissolution potential of an artificial powdered juice in human dental enamel. Methods: Three commercially available beverages were tested by first evaluating the pH and the titratable acidity. After this, 40 enamel specimens were individually immersed in the respective solutions for 120 min (n = 8) as follows: C+: distilled water (positive control); TAN: artificial powdered orange juice; DEL: natural orange juice, CC: Coca-Cola and C-: citric acid solution 1% (negative control). At the end, each solution was analyzed for the amount of calcium (Ca) released and the data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: All solutions had low pH values. The C- group had the highest titratable acidity, followed by DEL, TAN and CC. TAN (0,92) a resulted in a lower release of Ca, being statistically similar to C+ group (0,46) a , while CC (6,32) c resulted in the higher release of calcium, followed by C- (4,17) bc and DEL (3,13) b groups. Relevance: The artificial powdered juice tested, although acid and high titratable acidity caused no enamel dissolution.


Quantum phenomena are counterintuitive. To see this, consider the basic experiment of quantum mechanice that proves the wave nature of electrons: the 2-slit experiment. (See Figure 1.) A source fires electrons one by one at a wall. The wall contains two tiny slits. On the far side are small detectors that light up whenever an electron hits them. We measure the number of times each detector lights up during the hour. The results are as follows. When we cover one of the slits, we observe the strongest flux of electrons right behind the open slit, as one would expect. However, when both slits are open, we will see the "interference" phenomenon of electrons coming through two slits. In particular, at several detectors the total electron flux is lower when both slit are open as compared to when a single slit is open. This defies explanation if electrons behave like little balls, as implied in some high school textbooks. A ball could either go through slit 1 or slit 2, and hence the flux when both slits are open should be a simple sum of the fluxes when one of them is open. The only explanation physics has for this experiment is that an electron does not behave as a ball. It should be thought of as simultaneously going through both slits at once, kind of like a wave. It has an amplitude for going through each slit, and this amplitude is a complex number (in particular, it can be a negative number). The chance of an electron appearing at a particular point p on the other side of the wall is related to


The 500 bp wzy1-1 gene was obtained in water stress condition from wheat seedling 'Zhengyin1' via RT-PCR method.By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR with α-tubulin gene as control,the expression of the dehydrin like gene wzy1-1 was investigated in the leaves of wheat'Shaanhe 6'and 'Zhengyin 1'during normal water condition and 18,24 and 42 h after 0.5 MPa PEG6000 stress,6 and 12 h after rehydrate treatment.The results showed:the dehydrin like gene has already expressed after 18 h water stress treatment in both wheat cultivars,the expression amount increased after 24 and 42 h stress treatment,decreased after 6 h and then disappeared after 12 h rehydrate treatment.The gene expression amount in 'Shaanhe 6'(more drought tolerance wheat) was higher than that in 'Zhengyin 1'(less drought tolerance wheat).The results indicated the expression of the gene has a close relationship with the drought tolerance of the wheat.


We will try to demonstrate, through the display of the various advertising creation strategies and their evolution, how the advertising communication passed from of a vision or a strategy focused on the product, to a vision focused on the brand. The first advertising strategy that was applied by advertising agencies is the"Unique Selling Proposition";it focused only on the product advantages and its philosophy dominated the advertising world, throughout its various evolutions, till the nineties but this is without counting the introduction of the new advertising strategies that brought a more brand oriented philosophy to the ground.


This paper is concerned with the problem of detecting outliers from unlabeled data. In prior work we have developed SmartSifter, which is an on-line outlier detection algorithm based on unsupervised learning from data. On the basis of SmartSifter this paper yields a new framework for outlier filtering using both supervised and unsupervised learning techniques iteratively in order to make the detection process more effective and more understandable. The outline of the framework is as follows: In the first round, for an initial dataset, we run SmartSifter to give each data a score, with a high score indicating a high possibility of being an outlier. Next, giving positive labels to a number of higher scored data and negative labels to a number of lower scored data, we create labeled examples. Then we construct an outlier filtering rule by supervised learning from them. Here the rule is generated based on the principle of minimizing extended stochastic complexity. In the second round, for a new dataset, we filter the data using the constructed rule, then among the filtered data, we run SmartSifter again to evaluate the data in order to update the filtering rule. Applying of our framework to the network intrusion detection, we demonstrate that 1) it can significantly improve the accuracy of SmartSifter, and 2) outlier filtering rules can help the user to discover a general pattern of an outlier group.


We present a rigorous derivation of the semiconductor Bloch equations (SBE) in a uniform magnetic field. The equation of motion for the density matrix is derived, including Coulomb interaction. We show that both in real space and momentum space the center of mass and relative coordinate motions separate exactly to all orders. Generalizations of the convolution and of the Fourier transform can be defined which allows us to establish the SBE in complete analogy to the field-free case.


Basketball is the most engaging game to take place in any community. It involves high-intensity physical activities that require changing direction continuously, along with high-load actions. To make this sport safer, it is essential to understand the causes of injuries during games. Furthermore, understanding the intrinsic, extrinsic, biomechanical, psychological, and physiological risk factors, it is also crucial to be aware of the incidence and prevalence of associated injuries. Such knowledge will facilitate the development of new prevention techniques and methods that will help prevent extensive sports injuries and make sports safer.


CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS of the anus are relatively uncommon and thus few surgeons have the opportunity to develop a significant personal experience in their management. It was thought that a review of those cases admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and a discussion of their diagnosis, treatment, and final results would be worth while. One hundred cases of imperforate anus admitted from 1942 to 1951 inclusive form the basis of this report.


Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is one of the important medicinal plants widely used for the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves, stem bark, fruit pulp and seeds were demonstrated. The results revealed the presence of medicinally important phytochemical constituents in different organic solvents of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The phytochemical tests of these extracts have showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids carbohydrate, tannin and saponin. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. Thin layer chromatographic profiles yielded the different pattern of compound and as well as different Rf values. The extracted bioactive compounds were tested followed by calculate their Rf value by analyzing thin layer chromatographic techniques with two different kinds of solvent


Abstract Mass Audubon recognized that climate change was significantly impacting bird species distribution and seasonality. Unsure of how and when to engage visitors to their network of wildlife sanctuaries on the topic of climate change, its educators turned to the National Network of Ocean and Climate Change Interpreters' Study Circle (NNOCCI). Through participation in NNOCCI, with its focus on strategic framing, staff increased their confidence and abilities to communicate with their visitors about climate change and its impact on the varied habitats and wildlife in Mass Audubon's care. Educators from across the state customized their climate change programming for each unique site, including the creation of new program models that empowered visitors to collaborate with site staff to take individual and community-based action related to climate change adaptation.


(57) The invention provides a method of removing sulfur and soap contaminants from carboxylic acid esters. The present invention comprises the following steps. (1) a step of contacting the basic aqueous solution to produce the removal of water is dried crude ester carboxylic acid ester at a temperature of about 225-280 ° F, (2) the dry crude ester to a group of gel, hydrogel silica gel and and contacting the adsorbent selected from among mixtures thereof, (3) separating the adsorbent from the ester.


The aim of this study was to determine outcomes and identify factors that may affect survival in patients with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS). Thirty patients of AIFRS were identified. The underlying reasons for immunosuppression were diabetes mellitus (19 patients), chronic renal failure (5 patients), leukemia (3 patients), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2 patients) and post organ transplant (1 patient). We have found the overall survival rate directly related to AIFRS to be 56.7%. The survival rate is higher for young patients (below 50 years age group), diabetic patients than for patients with other causes of immunosuppression, sufferers of mucormycosis than aspergillosis and those treated with liposomal Amphotricsin B as compared to conventional form in addition to surgical debridements. Intracranial and orbital involvement and failure to recover are the factors that led to poor prognosis in this series.


The present invention relates to a filter comprising a composite filter medium comprising at least one support fabric layer, at least one filtering layer, at least a top layer and optionally has at least one microfiber nonwoven layer, wherein the support nonwoven layer comprises fibers made from synthetic polymers and the fiber, both POY and drawn fibers are.


Mineral oil is an excellent dielectric liquid with high coolant capability and low cost, playing important roles as both insulators and coolant liquid in oil-immersed power transformer. However, its flash point is too low, and it is poorly biodegradable once the oil spills or leakage occurs. In this work, pressboards impregnated by mixed oil containing pure mineral oil (80 vol%) and vegetable oil (20 vol%) are prepared, and their thermal ageing characteristics are studied. It was found that the degree of polymerization (DP) of the mixed-oil pressboard sample A was decreased more slowly than that of the pure mineral oil-pressboard sample B with the aging time. Dielectric properties of the samples were measured in the frequency range 10-1 Hz-106 Hz. It was found that the dielectric loss tanδ of sample A increased more slowly than that of sample B with the thermal ageing. The breakdown field of the two samples keeps at nearly the same level in the thermal ageing process. It was believed that the mixture oil-pressboard insulation may be a potential alternative to the traditional mineral oil-pressboard insulation used in the power transformer.


Abstract This work deals with the study of the processability of blends based on PA6 and NBR. The aim is to achieve reduced PA 6 melting temperatures in order to avoid degradation of the NBR phase during processing. The effect of different additives in PA has been studied. For this purpose PA6 was blended with nonylphenol, EVA 18, EVA 33 and EVAMA. Among several masterbatches based on PA6; the sample containing 5% of EVAMA presented the best combination of processability and mechanical properties. The influence of additives in the processing behavior, crystallinity of the PA6 phase, mechanical and physicochemical properties are discussed in the present work.


The main focus of this study was to prepare low cost adsorbent using cattle bone which could be used for the treatment of Pb (II) in aqueous medium. Experimental protocol was particularly confined with the thermal treatment (at 300 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C) of raw bones followed by the investigation of adsorption of Pb (II) on treated bones.Thermally treated bones were characterized using FTIR, XRD and particle size analyzer. Adsorption study was accomplished considering two factors:(i) adsorbent-substrate solution contact time;and (ii) pH covering both acidic and basic ranges. Cattle bones treated at 300 °C exhibited maximum adsorption capacity. Upholding the pH at 5.72 a maximum adsorption of 88.90% was achieved in 30 min. Observed results revealed that adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) followed pseudo second order model confirming chemisorptions.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. June 2011. Major: Water Resources Science. Advisors:Donn K. Branstrator and Thomas R. Hrabik. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 157 pages.


The invention provides a kind of system that is used for the graphic display element and the procedure module of allocation processing plant.A kind of system of being convenient to allocation processing plant can comprise procedure graph editing machine and procedure module editing machine.The procedure graph editing machine can be convenient to the figured establishment and/or the modification of physical entity in the processing factory.The procedure module editing machine can be so that the establishment of procedure module and/or modification.Procedure module can comprise the process object of one or more interconnection of representing one or more respective physical entities in the processing factory.This system also comprises the monitoring module of communicating by letter and linking to each other with procedure graph editing machine and procedure module editing machine.This monitoring module can detect the variation that the diagrammatic representation of physical entity is done by the use graphic editor.In response to this type of is changed the detection of being carried out, monitoring module can change procedure module by instruction process module editing machine accordingly, if any.


BACKGROUND
Patients with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent a major public health problem, and studies suggest that the incidence of OSA may be even higher than estimated.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors reviewed current literature describing comorbidities of patients with OSA.

RESULTS
Sleep medicine is a relatively new field. Dental practitioners may lack educational exposure and, as a result, feel uncomfortable asking their patients sleep-related questions. While patients with well-controlled OSA present few difficulties for routine dental treatment, it is imperative that health care professionals understand the comorbidities associated with OSA and that untreated OSA may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Dental professionals have a unique doctor-patient relationship that affords them a role in recognizing sleep disorders by exploring the history of patients who are sleepy.


This paper provides both empirical and theoretical evidence of the presence of positive horizontal spillover associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on a newly collected firm level data of Bangladesh garment sector, this paper shows that not only are firms with foreign equity more productive, but also that the productivity improvement of these foreign firms raises the productivity of domestic firms in the same industry. This horizontal spillover effect of FDI is further explained in a theoretical model with heterogenous firms. In this model, the productivity of domestic firms depends their learning ability and the productivity of the FDI firms in the industry. In equilibrium, the productivity of FDI firms affects the productivity of domestic firms through improving the entire productivity distribution of domestic firms, and through weeding out inefficient domestic firms as market competition is toughened. Using the firm survey data, a conditional Weibull distribution of the productivity of domestic firms is estimated and the calibrated results are shown to support the model.


The paper discusses the Cominform-motivated events which directly contributed to the final canonization of socialist realism and prompted the pressure of the Communist Party's repressive apparatus towards visual arts. In the following year or two after the Cominform Resolution in 1948 artists were faced with an unprecedented degree of pressure, aimed at different segments of their life and work. The paper analyses methods of ideological pressure implemented mainly through the ideological and political sector of the Croatian Association of Artists (Udruženje likovnih umjetnika Hrvatske) and gives insight into the institutional infrastructure created with the aim of encouraging the creation of artwork conformant to the doctrine of socialist realism.


Highly oriented Ni–Mn–Ga thin film with multiple variants and room temperature orthorhombic martensite structure were prepared on a single crystalline Al_2O_3 $\left({11\bar 20} \right)$ ( 11 2 ¯ 0 ) substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction and rocking curve measurements reveal the film as (202)_7M oriented with an excellent crystal quality (Δω = 1.8°). Spot-like pole figures indicate that the Ni–Mn–Ga film grows with a strong in-plane preferred orientation. An in-depth analysis of the measured pole figure reveals the presence of a retained austenite phase in the film. Two phase transformations, M _S ∼345 K and T _C ∼385 K, are observed and are attributed to first order structural transformation from cubic to orthorhombic, and second order phase transformation from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic, respectively. In situ high temperature x-ray diffraction measurements provide a clear indication of a thermally-induced martensite ↔ austenite reversible structural phase transformation in the film. The presence of martensite plates with seven modulated orthorhombic structure and adaptive nano-twins are some of the important microscopic features observed in the film with transmission electron microscopy investigations.


Abstract : The maintenance of healthy wetland and upland environments and desired populations of waterfowl depends on increasingly sophisticated management programs for public and private lands. New management techniques, properly researched and tested, need to be made available to managers and incorporated into broader programs as quickly as possible. These principles were some of the basics incorporated into the initial program of the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center when it was established in 1963. The Woodworth site was selected and it centered around an initial group of waterfowl production areas. The Woodworth Station's research and management programs evolved rapidly. There was a need to develop new wetland enhancement and upland habitat management techniques that could be applied to broader land use practices and programs, for the purposes of increasing production and survival of prairie ducks, other migratory birds, and resident wildlife. During the past 28 years, the Woodworth Station has made a significant contribution to waterfowl management, especially in the Prairie Region of the United States and Canada.


In Zen practice, a koan is an enigmatic spiritual question that doesn't suppose a rational answer. Koan is also the name of a solo violin piece composed by James Tenney in 1971 that presents an endless melodic progression. Koan is actually derived from the electronic piece For Ann (rising) composed two years prior. This paper focuses on both pieces. It examines how this American composer drew his inspiration from both a Buddhist philosophical idea and from Shepard and Risset's investigations in the field of auditory computer-generated illusions.


Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown human-level performances in sequential decision-making problems including a gaming agent and robot control [1]. Especially, DRL supports autonomous adaptation of edge devices to unknown environments thanks to its distinct characteristics. Fig. 1 shows the basic components of the DRL system. It consists of a DRL agent, a replay buffer, and the environment. Unlike traditional deep learning which requires labeled data, DRL training utilizes experiences stored in the replay buffer. The stored experiences are generated by repetitive interaction between the DRL agent and the environment. This trial-and-error-based training method enables the agent to adapt to sudden environmental changes.


Machine learning(ML) methods are used to acquire rules for a turbo-generator fault diagnosis expert system from examples sampled from turbo-generators running in power plants. Because ML method can only treat symbolic attributes, the sampled continuous attributes must be turned into symbolic ones first, and then the ID3 ̄[3]algorithm can be used to treat these symbolic examples. After turning the decision tree formed by ID3 to the fault diagnosis expert rules, a new method is proposed to transform the symbolic rules into fuzzy rules of this expert system. Experimental results showed that this method is much better than the traditional methods.


That day you found a shoot off the ajuga demanding scissors: a small thread in air that only insects and one who loved nature and order could see. As you snipped, a bee neatly found the fine line running through your finger into the future.


We argue that object subcategories follow a long-tail distribution: a few subcategories are common, while many are rare. We describe distributed algorithms for learning large- mixture models that capture long-tail distributions, which are hard to model with current approaches. We introduce a generalized notion of mixtures (or subcategories) that allow for examples to be shared across multiple subcategories. We optimize our models with a discriminative clustering algorithm that searches over mixtures in a distributed, "brute-force" fashion. We used our scalable system to train tens of thousands of deformable mixtures for VOC objects. We demonstrate significant performance improvements, particularly for object classes that are characterized by large appearance variation.


This study provides ABS analysis of delivered health services within the context of highly specialized medical care in the National Research-Medical Centre and in the National Research Centre for Maternity and Childhood in 2010 (Kazakhstan). The most expensive group of medications in "NRMC" is the group of essential medications in all the ABC groups. The most expensive group of medications in "NRMC" is the group of essential medications in all the ABC groups. The analysis of allocation of medications in"NRCMC" found that mid-expensive (B-group) and vital (V-group) drugs are the most demanded. SHOLPAN AKHELOVA


We construct a spherically symmetric noncommutative space in three dimensions by foliating the space with concentric fuzzy spheres. We show how to construct a gauge theory in this space, and, in particular, we derive the noncommutative version of a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory. We find numerical monopole solutions of the equations of motion.


Some microorganisms (such as bacteria) are capable of producing renewable energy without harassing the environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) offer thepossibility of transforming organic matter into electricity by using the metabolism of these microorganisms, creating ions within the subproducts of the metabolism that go to the extracellular environment. An electrode is set into the MFC that works as a final acceptor that attracts the electrons released by the microorganisms after consuming organic matter. To date, many microorganisms with the capability of liberating electrons through their metabolism have been identified. However only few are able of doing so without chemical mediators, which is why the search of new exoelectrogen microorganisms is of great importance. On the present work, two different MFC were employed for optimizing the isolation of exoelectrogenic bacteria gathered from mud of the Lerma river and from the Centro Interamericano de Recursos del Agua water treatment plant. Voltage generated by these microorganisms was compared with that created by Geobacter sulfurrenducens , one of the most efficient bacteria in this field. Overall, the obtained data show that the isolated bacteria at the National Institute of Nuclear Research facilities (identified by ribosomal RNA as Clostridium sordellii and C. bifermentans ) have a good voltage generation, although not as good as the one from G. sulfurrenducens . Results indicate that the strategy employed in the research is suitable for efficiently locating, isolating and identifying exoelectrogenic bacteria that may be used later on for the in situ generation of electricity in polluted areas.


Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) showing ≥ 10% decrement is considered the cutoff for myasthenia gravis (MG), but this has never been validated. The objective of this study was to find an optimal validated cutoff value for decrement on RNS. Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of patients who had electrophysiological assessment for possible MG from 2013 to 2015. Results: A total of 122 patients with MG and 182 controls were identified. RNS sensitivities for generalized and ocular MG using the traditional ≥10% cutoff value were 46% and 15%, respectively, for frontalis recordings, and 35% and 19%, respectively, for nasalis recordings. Using a decrement cutoff value of 7% for frontalis and 8% for nasalis increased the sensitivities by 6–11%, with specificities of 95–96%. Conclusions: For RNS in facial muscles, we suggest a cutoff value of 7–8%, which increases test sensitivity by 6–11%, while preserving high specificity for the diagnosis of MG. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 166–170, 2017


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the working capital management and profitability of food beverage and tobacco Companies in Sri Lanka. The study used secondary data collected from 20 companies covering the period from 2010 to 2014. The various components for measuring the working capital related variables include the Inventory Conversion Period, Average Collection Period and Average Payment Period. And also profitability includes Return on Asset and Return on Equity. The results depict that, there is a weak negative relationship between the Inventory Conversion Period, Average Collection Period and the Profitability ratios of the food beverage and tobacco companies in Sri Lanka. This indicates that, above working capital variables are increase it would tend to reduce the profitability of the company. Nevertheless there is a weak positive relationship between the Average payment period and profitability.


Subaltern is to popular as gender is to sex, class to poverty, state to nation. One word inclines to reasonableness, the other to cathexis – occupation through desire. 'Popular' divides between des...


known that cathepsin activities, namely cathepsins A, B, D, H and L activities, in the white muscle of Pacific salmon are greatly enhanced along with sexua lmatura -tion during the spawning migration,1-3) The present study was undertaken to examine how the level of catheptic activity in fish tissues changes with growth and maturation. Ayu (sweet fish) Plecoglossus altivelis was taken up in this study, because like the Pacific salmon, this fish also dies immediately after spawning. Ayu were reared with a commercial diet in 1987 at Ueda Biological Station of the National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Nagano, Japan. Female fish were sampled in June, July, September and October. Their body weight was 9.1•}1.7g, 29.1•}1.9g, 91.8•} 13.2g and 93.2•}7.1g, respectively. The ovary of the fish became progressively bigger after August. The


As a continuation of our work on spherical associating molecules, we have derived expressions for changes in the thermodynamic properties due to association in mixtures of molecules with multiple bonding sites. The equations are written in terms of a hard-core reference whose pair distribution function is known. In practise, the hard-sphere reference mixture is the easiest to use. A reference system of homonuclear chains is examined in order to account for asymmetries in molecular shape; chains are constructed by bonding equal-sized spheres together. An equation of state for hard-sphere chains is obtained which is in good agreement with recent simulation data. Expressions for mixtures of homonuclear chains of different sizes are also presented. The approach is extended to examine associating chain molecules with multiple bonding sites. The phase equilibria of non-associating chains, and of associating chains with one or two bonding sites are determined. In this study, the separate effects of molecular ass...


Recently, developing countries such as Mongolia are trying to establish Internet-based e-Commerce infrastructures. This paper aims to propose methods for establishing e-Commerce infrastructure in Mongolia where the usage rate of the Internet are growing. At first, current situation of e-Commerce in Mongolia has been analyzed. In addition, public opinion on this sector and consumer behavior have been researched in order to define the problems and issues. Government policies of the countries including Korea, where the level of e-Commerce development is high, were benchmarked and a strategic plan has been developed to resolve the issues. Finally, for the purpose of making e-Commerce widely adopted by Mongolian people, we have developed an Internet shopping mall which can solve the issues identified in this paper. It is expected that the results of this research could help the Government of Mongolia establish policies for supporting e-Commerce development.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the subject of interference to and from radio and radar installations in H.M. ships. Interference caused by machine-generated radio frequencies is not dealt with, as this type of interference is not greatly different in ships from similar conditions elsewhere.The general principles involved in avoiding mutual interference caused by simultaneous transmission and reception in the same ship have been well known for many years, and these principles had been enforced in the design and installation of radio equipments in H.M. ships prior to 1939.During the war these principles could not be maintained, owing to the necessity to fit commercial equipment, and, with the coming of radar, interference became worse than anything previously experienced.To ameliorate these conditions without drastic re-design of the offending equipment, various expedients had to be devised which are here described.


For The Defense ■ February 2016 ■ Erika L. Amarante is a litigation partner of Wiggin and Dana in New Haven, Connecticut. She represents hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers in cases alleging professional negligence, lack of informed consent, negligent credentialing, and related claims. She has extensive experience defending claims of wrongful death, birth trauma, delayed diagnosis of cancer, and brain injuries. Ms. Amarante also has had the unique experience of serving in a claims management position, setting reserves and valuing cases. She regularly counsels health care providers on issues of liability and risk reduction strategies. Recent Trends and Defense Strategies


The vigorous growth stem of Cayratia japonica was used as culture material to study the growth and differentiation of bud,rooting,subculture and transplantation of tube seedling.The results showed that the ideal medium for the growth of buds was 1/2 MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;the ideal medium for the differentiation of buds was MS+BA 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;the ideal medium for the rooting of tube seedlings was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L.The rooted seedlings could subculture three times continuously and the average ratio of multiplication was 3.1.The survival rate of tube seedlings was 90% for the transplanting and cutting in the bed of green house.The survival rate of transplanted and cut seedlings was 100% in the flower bed.The transplanted seedlings grew well and also can be blooming and seeding in the same year.


This thesis analyses a low-speed and high-speed control weighing. It provides distinctive weighing technologies of loader transporters and tandem vehicles. It focuses on certain operations connected with a vehicle testing, overweight sanctions, and all the legislation that is connected with this issue. The bachelor thesis deals with the question of a loader transporter weighing. It highlights the important facts of the weighing technology. Furthermore, the thesis offers several proposals for an improvement of certain operations and opportunity to extend the control weighing. It would also lead to an increasing of number of weighted vehicles on the Czech ways.


Treatment of Ge(Cl)C
 6
H
 3
mes
 2
-2,6 1 with
1 equiv. of KC
 8
 furnishes the new cyclotrigermenyl radical
(GeC
 6
H
 3
mes
 2
-2,6)
 3
·, 2)
which is characterized by EPR and X-ray crystallography; reduction with a
further equivalent of KC
 8
 gives the new trigermenyl allyl anion
analogue K(GeC
 6
H
 3
mes
 2
-2,6)
 3

which has an open Ge
 3
 framework with a wide
Ge–Ge–Ge angle of 159.19(10)°at the central Ge and a
Ge–Ge distance of 2.422(2) A.


The increasing crime rate in a rapidly developing country like Malaysia has caused its citizens to feel unsafe. The Malaysian Government has to increase the police force and review its training programmes. This paper argues that even with the best trained police force, the crime rate will remain high. This is due to the highly capitalistic and materialistic culture of the Malaysian society that has led to the occurrence of elements of Robert Merton's (1938) theory of Anomie — excessive emphasis on monetary goals regardless of the moral status of the means used to achieve them. Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld's (2001) Institutional-Anomie theory states that anomic pressure arises when there is an overemphasis on the market ethic that undermines the regulatory power of social norms. This results in individuals feeling an overriding pressure to achieve and at the same time being confronted with weak normative restraints on legitimate means to achieve. The two theories suggest that certain cultural conditions, in combination with certain structural conditions, generate anomie and a high crime rate. At present, Malaysia's capitalistic and materialistic culture has generated cultural and structural conditions that are highly conducive to a high crime rate. Increasing the police force and improving policing will not be enough to reduce the high crime rate.


Original Research Article Introduction: Enteric (Typhoid) fever is a bacterial infection which can spread all over the body, affecting several organs. The lack of proper treatment can cause serious complications and can be fatal. It is mainly caused by a bacterium called Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. It is a major public health issue in developing and developed countries. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of Enteric fever which are affecting by socio-demographic factors. Material & Methods: This was an observational study which was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Community Paediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health (BICH), Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018. Total 133 cases were selected using random sampling technique. Informed written consent was obtained from each patient before the procedure. A pre-designed questioner had been used to collect all the necessary data from the participants. Program MS-Excel was used in collecting data, SPSS version 21 was used in analyzing data. On the other hand, several tables were used to disseminate data. Following was the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study. Results: Of the total 133 study subjects, 60.2% were aged <60 months, and the rest 39.8% were aged ≥60 months; Mean age (Mean±SD) in months were 55.26±36.20; age range were 7-172 months. Male subjects were 71 (53.4%) and female subjects were 62 (46.6%); male to female ratio was 1.1: 1. Among the total study subjects, 116 (87.2%) were from urban area, 4 (3%) were from urban slum area and the rest 13 (9.8%) were from rural area. Distribution of mother's education reflects that, majority (41.4%) of the mothers were educated up to class 10, 29(21.8%) were graduated and only 9% were post graduated. Monthly income of the family reflects that, majority (43.6%) of the family's income per month was >30000tk, 38(28.6%) was between 15000-30000tk and the rest 37(27.8%) were <15000tk. The distribution of the study subjects by drinking water that demonstrates majority (50.4%) of the patients drink tap water, 21(15.8%) drink tube well water and others were 45(33.8%). Distribution of the study subjects by boiling of drinking water shows, majority (78.9%) were drinking boiled water and 28(21.1%) were not. Distribution of the study subjects by hand washing is shown which describe that, 24(18%) had the habit of washing hand before meal, 13(9.8%) had the habit of washing hand after toilet and 96(72.2%) had both the habit. Conclusion: In this study, it is observed that, socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, place of living and sources of domestic water play vital role in prevalence of Enteric fever.


In order to make a more in-depth theoretical study on the acoustic waves in the experiments of sound velocity measurement,sound velocity measurement methods and experimental principles are discussed.On the speed of sound analyzer transmitter and the receiver wave superposition between the incident wave and reflected the synthesis wave equation is deduced.The ultrasonic state between the two transducers is traveling wave and standing wave.The results show that the phase comparison method and the ultrasonic standing wave resonance method are used to measure the speed of sound.The relative errors between the measured results of the two methods and the theoretical value respectively are 2% and 1%.


For the measurement of particles size with backscattering method, the suitable range of particles size measurement have been presented by independent algorithm in Visual‐infrared incident spectrum. We defined the range according to the retrieved results based on the analysis and comparison to many kinds of R‐R distribution function. The simulation computation results showed that the particles size measurement range is from 0.05 μm to 18 μm with incident spectrum from 0.4 μm to 2 μm and different refractive index. The results retrieved were satisfied even if 1 % noise was added into the backscattering intensity.


Ever since the Sala-i-Martin?s and Barro?s and Mankiw et al.?s well recognized studies, the issue of income-level convergence has gained huge popularity in the literature. The two most common concepts of convergence were proposed: beta convergence (when less developed countries grow faster) and sigma convergence (when income differences between economies decrease over time). However, parallel to the classical definitions and methods of analysis, the concept of stochastic convergence has been theoretically and empirically developed. With the gradual development of panel data based stationarity tests, the range of tools available for empirical analysis has rapidly increased and there currently exist numerous tools that allow to verify empirically the existence of stochastic convergence. Its idea, dating from the early nineties and described fully by e.g. Bernard & Durlauf (1995), is to define convergence on the basis of time series rather than cross section, though recently both concepts have been seriously developed due to popularity of panel data studies. Contrary to the beta-convergence-type thinking in which it is the current situation and the recent influence of the lagged GDP on current growth, in the case of stochastic convergence it is the expected value of future differences between the GDP levels in different countries that are taken into account. In the case when there is stochastic convergence, the basic concept is to expect the difference between the level of development to be zero in the infinite time horizon. Empirics show, however, that the two approaches: the beta real GDP convergence and the stochastic convergence do not provide the same conclusions. For example in numerous cases the beta convergence is found to exist whereas there apparently is no stochastic convergence. Thus the two approaches considered parallelly are inconclusive as regards the existence of convergence understood as ?the less developed catch up on the better developed? in any sense. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these two concepts of convergence and attempts to answer which should be treated as a closer-to-real-life measure of the existence of the catching-up process in view of the existing discrepancies. Empirical data from different countries are used and the modern techniques such as the Bayesian model averaging are applied when estimating the appropriate regressions. The analysis suggests superiority of the beta convergence approach, however its advantage over the stochastic convergence approach is revealed mostly when the considered time series are short.


Background: Global recommendations suggest mothers provide the first complementary food to infants when they reach six months of age. Failure to introduce complementary foods promptly may put infants in adverse health and nutrition outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A multistage cluster sampling was employed to select 355 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Our dependent variable was the timing of complementary food introduction. Meanwhile, independents variables included factors at the child, parental, and household levels. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed in this study. Results: There was 39.15% of young children received inappropriate timing of complementary feeding. Being the second-born child or above (OR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.33-0.95) and coming from high-income households (OR= 0.57; 95%CI: 0.36-0.90) were protective factors of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction. Other variables such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, father's education, and family support were not significantly associated with incorrect timing of complementary feeding. Conclusions: The proportion of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency is alarming and is mainly explained by child's birth rank and household economic status suggesting the importance of targeting nutritional education to first-time mothers as well as poor households.


We performed magnetization M(H, T) and magnetoresistance R(T, H) measurements on powdered (grain size ∼149 μm) as well as highly oriented rhombohedral (A7) bismuth (Bi) samples consisting of single crystalline blocks of size ∼1 × 1 mm in the plane perpendicular to the trigonal c axis. The obtained results revealed the occurrence of (1) local superconductivity in powdered samples with Tc(0) = (8.75 ± 0.05) K, and (2) global superconductivity at Tc(0) = (7.3 ± 0.1) K in polycrystalline Bi triggered by low-resistance ohmic contacts with silver (Ag) normal metal. The results provide evidence that the superconductivity in Bi is localized in a tiny volume fraction, probably at intergrain or Ag/Bi interfaces. On the other hand, the occurrence of global superconductivity observed for polycrystalline Bi can be accounted for by enhancement of the superconducting order parameter phase stiffness induced by the normal metal contacts, the scenario proposed in the context of "pseudogap regime" in cuprates [E. Berg et al...


Gaining Currency: The Rise of the Renminbi Eswar S. Prasad New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, 321 pp. When China began its journey from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy in late 1978, it had virtually no footprint in the global economy. Today it is the world's largest trading nation, and its currency, the renminbi (RMB, also known as the yuan), has become an international medium of exchange, albeit on a small scale compared to the dollar, euro, yen, and pound. In his new book, Eswar Prasad, former head of the IMF's China Division and currently Tolani Senior Professor of Trade Policy in the Dyson School at Cornell University, tells the story of the rise of the RMB and considers its future as a "safe haven" currency (i.e., one investors can turn to during a financial crisis). Although the RMB has achieved official reserve status and is now included in the IMF's basket of currencies defining the Special Drawing Right (SDR), it still suffers from weak institutions that restrict the RMB's use as a global currency. So, while China has come a long way since 1978, it still has a way to go in becoming a global financial center with a trusted reserve currency. Prasad begins with an overview of China's long monetary histoiy, noting that paper currency, in the form of certificates of deposit issued by "private deposit shops" and secured by coins or goods as collateral, first appeared in the 7th century during the Tang dynasty, well before the use of paper money in 17th century Europe. However, it was not until the 10th century, during the Song dynasty (960-1279), that paper money became widely used in the form of banknotes, again issued privately and backed by coins or goods. In 1160, the Song ruler established a monopoly over the supply of currency, which was backed by metallic base money. Private currency was outlawed "on the grounds that only the government could ensure a reliable supply of a currency stable enough to support economic activity" (p. 3). The banning of private currency was controversial and provoked debate over the role of government in supplying a stable currency. That debate was not new; it went back a thousand years to the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), when only metallic money existed and private mints competed with the government. Confucian scholars argued that giving the state monopoly power in minting coins would lead to debasement without competing private mints, while pubic officials contended that only they could provide sound money. Although the debate over private money issuance was lost as the Song government exercised its power to ban private production, the results of that monopoly were as expected: an eventual overissuance of paper money, inflation, and economic instability during the later Song era. In the 13th century, during the Yuan dynasty (1260-1367), China became the first country to issue an inconvertible paper currency (i.e., fiat money backed by nothing other than the government's promise to accept it as legal tender). It is noteworthy that Song intellectuals, such as Ye Shi, had a rudimentary understanding of the quantity theory of money, as well as the theory of monetary disequilibrium. They recognized that overissuance of paper currency would cause inflation and disrupt economic activity. When inflation did occur during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) because of an excess supply of paper money, China turned to the use of metallic money in the form of silver and coins. Paper currency did not appear again until 1853, during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), and was backed by silver and bronze. After the 1911 revolution, China experienced a period of competing currencies, as both government and private currencies circulated side by side. Those currencies were convertible into silver. However, the rise in world silver prices during the latter half of 1934 led to a drain of reserves, and in November 1935 China went off the silver standard. …


Background: Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that are often encountered. Smoking causes a decrease in Nitric Oxide (NO) for active and passive smokers which results in various health problems including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) keeps blood pressure low and prevents the formation of platelets on blood vessel walls. Sugar apple leaves contain various antioxidants that can be used to counteract oxidative stress in the body by stabilizing free radicals and preventing the formation of new free radicals, including interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Methods: This research was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Twenty-six male rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, 2-3 months old, weight 200-220 grams were divided randomly into two groups. The control group was given 2 cc aquadest 30 minutes before induction to cigarette smoke and the treatment group was given 350 mg/kgBB/day of sugar apple leaf extract (Annona squamosa) 30 minutes before induction to cigarette smoke. IL-6 and eNOS levels were measured before and after 28 days treatment using ELISA method.
Results: Control group and treatment group for eNOS levels pretest compared to posttest were 20,63 ± 2,19 and 19,23 ± 2,43 vs. 23,47 ± 1,94 and 25,06 ± 1,90, respectively and for IL-6 levels were 7,47 ± 1,70 and 7,69 ± 1,57 vs. 7,12 ± 0,86 and 6,51 ± 0,53, respectively.
Conclusion: Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf extract can prevent a decrease in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) levels and can prevent an increase in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the serum of male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Keywords: sugar apple leaf extract, eNOS, IL-6, cigarette smoke


Aldo Maspons, MD1 Richard W. McCallum, MD2 1Division of Pediatrics, El Paso Children's Hospital/Texas Tech 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX Biliary dyskinesia is a gall bladder disorder in the setting of a normal biliary tree. Adult gastroenterologists consider it a functional disorder, but this is not the case in pediatrics, as it is amongst the most common reasons for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is a motility disorder in the contraction of the sphincter leading to obstruction of the bile or pancreatic juice.1 New research has opened the door for Type 3 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction to be considered as a functional disorder in adult gastroenterology. Pediatric gastroenterologists should follow the lead of our adult colleagues and consider the reclassification of biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction type 3 as functional disorders.


This chapter explores the recurring themes in the Days of Future Past comic series published in 1981 and the 2015 movie, drawing comparisons to the very current and real journeys that LGBTQIA+ people are undertaking both on a personal and a community level. The vast majority of the X-Men protect themselves from hiding their mutant identity, similar to the way that the superhero traditionally hides their superhero identity under their 'normal' civilian identity. This mirrors very closely the lives of many LGBTQIA+ people, who often have to juggle dual identities as both heterosexual and homosexual. This chapter unpicks this coming out and the X-Men's ability to function as allegory for oppressed communities.


The objective of research is to improve English listening ability through the use of the language laboratory at SMA Sandikta. This study used action research methods which involved two cycles. This study was conducted at Sandikta Senior High School XI IPA. School year 2014/2015.The research carried out at the beginning of January to May 2015. Based on the data from the pre test, it shows that the students' competencies in listening English is still low. After given treatment throughout the cycles (planning, acting, observing, and reflecting)and the result of post tests, the students' ability in listening English had been improved. Qualitative data analysis shows that the students are interested and enjoyed during the process. The students listen better after the treatment. The results of the analysis is strengthen by quantitative data analysis which shows an increase in listening skills (listening) English. It can be seen from the data of the students, in cycle 1, average value of 60.375 students while in the cycle 2 of the average value of 81.25 students. Therefore, there is improvement in English listening through language laboratory.


With the aim of achieving the power balance of "SHENGUANG Ⅱ", the innovative project of the main array amplifier with the angular variable mirror is studied. The first engineering research results of the new project which were attained on "SHENGUANG Ⅱ" are reported in this paper, including the project design essentials, the outcome of the performance measurement and check in- line, and the result of general energy balance experiment.


As we know, a main problem in image classification and explanations the segmentation of image. Use of the boundary contour rather than most of other preprocessed data help in simpler image representation, registration, and identification. Thus the problems of edge detection and contour following have been widely addressed with proposed solutions ranging over simple thresholding, signal processing, filtering techniques, and definition of admissible edge profile function, etc. Most of these techniques seem to be complex and time consuming. To solve the conflict between noise and time consume, this paper presents a fast method for detecting the contour of images. It consists of three steps: first, reduce the image noise by using a high frequency noise sensitive smoothing operator; second, detect the edge by using an algorithm based on modified Sobel operator; and third, follow the boundary contour and determine the area of interesting in the image. The results of experiment show that the method is fast and accurate.


Objective To evaluate the implementation of healthy education in clinical nursing pathway within patients with endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods 108 cases of endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into control group(52 cases) and experimental group(56 cases).The control group received routine healthy education while experimental group receive clinical pathway healthy education.Comparing the efficiency of healthy education and the satisfactory rate of care between these two groups.Results The efficiency of healthy education and the the satisfactory rate of care in experimental group were higher than that of contract one(P 0.05).Conclusion Clinical care path in accordance with health education can improve the quality of health education and meet the health needs of patients.


Mining space-time regions of events is an important task in data mining. It has wide applications in various disciplines, such as epidemiology, meteorology. The existing space-time regions events mining algorithms usually based on clustering analysis, which is difficult to detect irregularly shaped events when they evolve by time. Meanwhile parameter-setting is also a difficult problem for most existing methods. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic event mining algorithm-Gtem. Combined with Minimum Length Description (MDL) principle, Gtem can optimize parameter-setting; detect event regions of different evolutions according to the spatial-temporal correlations of objects and find outliers as well. We conduct experiments on daily-weather datasets of Hunan province from 2004-2008 and the experimental results show that the proposed Gtem could find high-temperature space-time regions efficiently.


Dialogue systems have recently become a widely used system across the world. Some of the functionality offered includes application user interfacing, social conversation, data interaction, and task completion. Most recently, dialogue systems have been developed to autonomously and intelligently interact with users to complete complex tasks in diverse operational spaces. This kind of dialogue system can interact with users to complete tasks such as making a phone call, ordering items online, searching the internet for a question, and more. These systems are typically created by training a machine learning model with example conversational data. One of the existing problems with training these systems is that they require large amounts of realistic user data, which can be challenging to collect and label in large quantities. Our research focuses on modifications to user simulators that "change their mind" mid-episode with the goal of training more robust dialogue agents. We do this by taking an existing dialogue system, modifying its user simulator, and observing quantitative and qualitative effects against a set of goals. With these results we demonstrate benefits, drawbacks, and tangential effects of using various rules and algorithms while recreating goal changing behavior. iii DocuSign Envelope ID: B42117EB-F447-4716-BE0D-BAB96FB7CEEF


categorised into three groups reflecting their previous attempts to stop smoking, and an identical antismoking intervention was applied to each. Smokers who had made more attempts in the past had a higher point prevalence of smoking cessation one and six months later. They also reported significantly higher numbers of attempts to stop. To increase our understanding of the process of stopping smoking, studies should include a measure of subjects' previous attempts to stop. If previous attempts to stop were found to be a consistent predictor of stopping, simple questions about previous attempts could be incorporated into clinical practice. These would indicate to general practitioners which smokers were most likely to respond to advice, facilitating the effective targeting ofhealth promotion activity.


Cellular interactions responsible for regulating in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis were studied using a microagar culture system which permits the simultaneous proliferation of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU‐M) and T‐lymphocytic colonies (CFU‐TL). The proliferation of these colony types depends mainly on two factors: phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and erythropoietin (EP). The direct addition of increasing PHA concentrations to the liquid overlayer resulted in a parallel increase of CFU‐M and CFU‐TL. If the T‐lymphocytes were removed by an E‐rosetting technique a marked diminution of CFU‐M and CFU‐TL numbers was observed. However, monocyte depletion resulted in a marked augmentation of CFU‐M proliferation compared to unfractionated mononuclear cells. In order to confirm that the reduction of CFU‐M proliferation observed after T‐depletion was primarily mediated by the absence of T‐lymphocytes, we have co‐cultured different concentrations of previously removed autologous T‐lymphocytes with a constant number of T‐depleted bone marrow cells. A parallel increase of CFU‐TL and CFU‐M was found if 0.75‐7.5 × 104 T‐lymphocytes were added to the culture. In conclusion, our results indicate that activated T‐lymphocytes augment proliferation of human bone marrow CFU‐M and that monocytes are less important for the growth of megakaryocytic colonies.


There are 15 known gas fields in European Russia, five of which (Stavropol, Melitopol-Bierdiansk, Astrakhan, Dergachevsky, Sochy) produce only gas; one (Daghestanskie Ogni) is accepted as such for purposes of conservation; and the remaining areas produce both gas and oil (Baku, Grozny, Maikop, Cheleken, trans-Caspia, and Ural-Emba). Taman, Kerch, and Ukhta consist of proved and prospective oil lands. The most prolific gas-bearing horizons are found in the oil-bearing series of Tertiary age. Fields in southern Russia that produce gas only, are scattered over a large territory extending from the northwestern shore of the Asov Sea and from the vicinity of Stavropol to the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, and even far north of the latter. There are several gas-bearing horizons in the formations of Tertiary age, but only in a single area (Dergachevsky) in this gas-bearing province are the gas pressures and the yield of wells greater. While gas has been utilized in the oil fields in increasing amounts since 1925, nevertheless the natural gas industry in Russia as a whole does not fully utilize this natural resource. Occurrences of gas in Asiatic Russia are exceedingly scarce.


0·15% of Oesophagostomum larvae fed to laboratory rats became encapsulated in the intestinal mucosa. The juvenile nematodes were able to continue their development when the infected rat tissue was eaten by pigs.


The present comparative evaluation of the long-term evolution of the Venus, earth, and Mars climates suggests that the earth's climate has remained temperate over most of its history despite a secular solar luminosity increase in virtue of a negative-feedback cycle based on atmospheric CO2 levels and climate. The examination of planetary climate histories suggests that an earth-sized planet should be able to maintain liquid water on its surface at orbital distances in the 0.9-1.5 AU range, comparable to the orbit of Mars; this, in turn, implies that there may be many other habitable planets within the Galaxy.


The X-shaped intersecting ducts have a structural defect in engineering because of extra ducts at both the confluent and branching sides. However, the results are interesting when researchers apply the characteristics of flow around the intersecting region with the use of newly developed apparatuses. Experiments are performed to investigate the flow rates around the intersecting region by changing the condition of upper water levels. It is found that the Coanda effect occurs in the flow of the intersecting ducts. It is also disclosed that the flow rates in the intersecting ducts become greater under the influence of suction in the upper duct during which the water is cut off from the supply.


The pursuit of real-time image-guided radiotherapy has prompted the development of hybrid devices coupling MRI scanners with radiotherapy treatment units, usually linear accelerators (linacs). One of the challenges in MRI-linac technology is the magnetic field impact on the dose deposition. Dose deposition effects have to be considered in the radiation therapy chain as they alter the dose distribution in patients and influence the response of many commonly used radiation detectors. In this presentation specific issues of dosimetry for MRI-linacs will be reviewed and illustrated with examples from the Australian MRI-linac commissioning process.


The polycrystalline sample of calcium cobalt oxide (Ca3Co4O9) ceramic was prepared by a thermal hydro-decomposition method using the acetate salts as starting materials. The single phase Ca3Co4O9 powder was obtained at the calcined temperature of 1073 K which was confirmed by XRD. The powder exhibited platelet-shape with a particle size of <2 μm. The maximum absorption peak of the powder is 285 nm which showed an indirect band gap of 2 eV using a UV-vis technique. The sintered ceramics showed the Seebeck coefficient of 170 μV/K, the electrical resistivity of 21 mΩ⋅cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.036 W/cm/K at 860 K, which were converted to a figure-of-merit, Z, of 3.7×10-5 K-1. The density of the ceramic was 3.08 g/cm3 obtained using an Archimedes method which corresponded to a significant amount of 35% pore observed by SEM on the fractured surface.


Introduction: Vitamin E status in newborn is not well established. Many studies showed that vitaminE level is low in premature babies and without supplementation complications may occur including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). So this study was aimed to estimate serum tocopherol (vitamin-E) level in infants and to find out the relationship of low serum vitamin E level with the development of ROP. Method: This cross sectional analytic study was performed in the department of Neonatology, BSMMU over a period of 6 months. Total 75 stable term (38-42wk) and preterm (30-35wk) newborn infants admitted in BSMMU were consecutively enrolled. Newborns of <30 weeks and 36-37 weeks of gestation, hemodynamically unstable or with major congenital anomalies were excluded. After informed written consent from parents, 3 ml free flow venous blood was collected at 3-5 days of life. Serum Vitamin E level estimation was done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ROP screening was done by a qualified ophthalmologist by binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 20. Level of significance was tested by appropriate statistical tests. Result: Among 75 enrolled infants, parents of 5 infants refused to give blood and thus excluded. Finally 70 neonates were available for vitamin E estimation and among them 40 preterm infants were advised for ROP screening. Vitamin E level in preterm newborns was 0.3773 ± 0.2447 mg/dl and in term newborns it was 0.8038 ± 0.4257 mg/dl and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Among the 40 preterm infants 12(30%) were found to have ROP. Step wise logistic regression showed that vitamin E deficiency is a significant risk factor for the development of ROP (RR: 4.71; p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum vitamin E level was found significantly lower in preterm newborns in comparison to term newborns and vitamin E deficiency was significantly related with the development of ROP.


The dramatic increase of electronic components and devices in passenger cars tends to result in a further miniaturization of these components. In this context the chip on board technology of semiconductor devices and semiconductor light sources without extern housing and without extern optic devices gains importance. Not only the required space of further developed optoelectronic devices could be critical but also the consumption of electrical energy must be decreased. As this paper shows a direct encapsulation of Light emitting diodes (LEDs) by dint of an injection molding tool is possible. Forming the optical geometry to gain the required radiation pattern within this encapsulation process has been proofed to be feasible. In a first approach we investigated a two step encapsulation process but with the further development we ascertained a similar drop out rate for a single step encapsulation process. In particular with regard to the processing of temperature sensitive semiconductor devices specific knowledge on the thermal load is required for product life-time estimation. Therefore temperature measurement during the encapsulation process is a key point.


Solar water heater is widely used in real life,environmental-friendly,safe and convenient.The paper mainly describes the design for solar water heater control system which based on microcontroller.The system takes the microcontroller STC12C5A32AD as master control chip and consists of water level sensors,temperature sensors,solenoid valves,pumps and electric heating tube drive,keypad,LCD12864,sound and light alarm,and other hardware circuit,achieved the mainly function of solar water heater controller by software program.The system is simple to implement,convenient to use,and make full use of the abundant solar energy resources,it can greatly reduce the energy consumption of coal,electricity and so on.


Marinov-Serafimov, P. & Golubinova, I. (2020). Selectivity of some herbicides applied to Bulgarian variety of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) IFK Harmoniya during stand establishment and seed production. Bulg. J. of Agric. Sci., 26(2), 445–451 During the period 2014-2016 on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops – Pleven a study was conducted with the purpose to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to Bulgarian variety of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) IFK Harmoniya during stand establishment and seed production. It was found that herbicides Аccurate 60 WG (600 g/kg of metsulfuron-methyl) – 10 g/ha, Ally Max (143 g/kg tribenuron methyl + 143 g/kg metsulfuron methyl) – 35 g/ha and Eagle 75 WG (750 g/kg chlorsulfuron) – 20 g/ha showed high selectivity to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and can be applied at the growth stage BBCH 12-14 on the crop, during establishing year of the stand for control of broadleaf weeds. Аccurate 60 WG – 10g/ha and Ally Max – 35 g/ha applied at the growth stage (ВВСH 28-30) in the year of seed production had a high selectivity to perennial ryegrass and can be applied for control of broadleaf weeds. Applied low dose of Axial One (45 g/l pinoxadene + 5 g/l florasulam) – 350 ml/ha had hormesis effect to perennial ryegrass and can be used for stimulation the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass during the year of stand establishment and, as well as in the years of seed formation. The herbicide tolerance of perennial ryegrass to key herbicides with complex action (for weed control against annual monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds) has been determined, which could serve as a means of increasing the efficiency of the breeding process.


The use forages legumes should be considered in dual purpose farms to produce good quality forage resources. this research was developed in dual purpose farms in Trujillo state, Venezuela., in order to study the use of l. leucocephala as forage plant and the strategies to grasslands management. The sample consisted of 60 farms randomly selected. Data were obtained with inquests and questionnaires applied to farms owners and processed using the SPSS package. The results showed that 21.13% of the farmers used l. leucocephala; the most important strategies were: fertilization, soils analyses; pasture occupation and pasture resting periods were 2 – 4 and 30 – 40 days respectively. Milk production and weight gain average were 5.12 lt/an/day and 389.0 gr/an/day. The most common grass species were p. maximum and c. nlenfuensis. The conclusion is that the percentage of l. leucocephala is low, but the farmers are interested in using forage legumes.


Corn sweeteners were compared with sucrose in cure formulas for hams. Thirty-six hams were randomly treated with nine sweetener treatments replicated four times. Combinations of sucrose, 55% high fructose corn syrup, 42% high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup were used in brine formulas for pumping the hams. Sensory evaluations found no significant difference between sweetener type and sensory scores on color, flavor, tenderness, and overall satisfaction. However, ham weights appeared to be affected slightly by sweetener type. Sucrose produced greater ham yields at a 3% sweetener level. However, 55% high fructose corn syrup at 3.15% equalled the yield observed for sucrose. Forty-two percent high fructose corn syrup at greater than 3.3% solid level approached the yields observed for sucrose. Since sensory factors do not appear to be affected by corn syrup solids, only economic and yield factors need bc considered for their use in commercially produced hams.


With the aim of developing a highly sensitive immunoassay for the insecticide carbaryl, seven compounds were synthesized, conjugated to carrier proteins, and used as immunizing haptens in mice and rabbits. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were subsequently obtained and characterized for their affinity to carbaryl. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that showed the highest affinity (I50 < 3.0 nM) were chosen for immunoassay development and further tested in the coating conjugate and coating antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay (ELISA) formats, against both homologous and heterologous conjugates. Among several immunoassays developed, the combination of LIB-CNH36 MAb with the heterologous conjugate ovalbumin−N-(1-naphthoyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid in the coating conjugate ELISA format afforded the highest sensitivity for carbaryl determination (I50 = 1.1 nM). This work also provided some insights into the influence of the immunizing hapten structure on the affinity of the antibodies obtained, as well ...


Phonon transport in atomic wire coupled by two semi-infinite thermal contacts is investigated by atomic nonequilibrium Green's functions. The effect on phonon transport due to anharmonicity in atomic wire and surface bond reconstruction of thermal contact is analyzed. It is found that surface bond reconstruction affects phonon transport significantly in the presence of anharmonicity.


Objective: To guide the clinical application by the analysis of the biomechanics in the treatment of the tubulate bone fractures using intramedullary interlocking nail. Methods: From May 1998 to May 2002, 38 cases of middle plate of femoral fractures were treated with intramedullary interlocking nail. Among them, 29 cases were used the static intramedullary interlocking nail, and 9 cases were used the dynamic intramedullary interlocking nail. 18 cases of epimere of femoral fractures were treated with reconstruction intramedullary interlocking nail. 9 cases of hypomere of femoral fractures were treated with retrograde intramedullary interlocking nail. 47 cases of tibia fractures were treated with static intramedullary interlocking nail. 15 cases of humerus fractures were treated with bidentate intramedullary interlocking nail. 47 cases of femoral fractures, 36 cases of tibia and 10 cases of humerus fractures were used reamer. 15 cases of femoral fractures and 27 cases of tibia weren changed to dynamic interal fixation from static interal fixation in 6~8 weeks after operation. Results: The fractures healing were seen in 125 cases, and not seen in 1 case of femoral fractures and 1 case of tibia. 121 cases' function of the knee, the ankle, the shoulder and the elbow recovered to normal. 1 case of femoral fracture, 2 cases of tibia fractures of the ankle, and 1 case of humerus fracture of the shoulder had poor rehabilitation in the function of the knee. Conclusion: The good effectiveness are seen in the cases of tubulate bone fractures treated with intramedullary interlocking nail. The intramedullary nail which made with titanium, matches the bending radius of the bone, with the largest diameter possible was the best selection. The static internal fixation can be changed to the dynamic internal fixation to improve the healing of the fractures in 6-8 weeks after operation. But displacements of the fractures were seen in these cases. A few complications are seen in the cases with intramedullary interlocking nail fixation.


Carrying out experiments in tunnel kilns are difficult and costly. Due to the large length of such kilns that sometimes reaches 180 meters. That causes the production cycle takes some days. Therefore, a mathematical model is needed to simulate the heat transfer process in such kilns. In this contribution, a simple shape product (vitrified clay pipes) was used in the modeling, in order to simplify the complexity of the process. The bvp4c code was used to solve all ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the model to obtain temperature profiles of the system using Matlab. Results revealed that: the excess air number has a higher impact on the heat transfer process inside the kiln. Consequently, the thermal heating of products could be easily controlled, by changing the excess air values. Heat transfer coefficient enhancement is a key parameter to save the energy consumption within the kiln.


The study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of three writing techniques, namely Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, and Double/ Triple Entry in improving the students' writing skill. The research technique used was descriptive comparative technique using a quantitative approach. It compared the equations and differences as phenomena to find what factors/ situations that can cause the occurrence of a particular event. The data collection techniques were Documentation study by taking the students' writing product and interview by giving the question and answer while face to face between the interviewer with the respondent using a tool called interview guide. The try out was conducted to measure validity and reliability. The two ways ANOVA was conducted to test the hypotheses, two –way analysis of variance with F-test at the 5% (0.05) level of significance. The subject of this study was the fourth semester English students with a total of 22 people. The English students' writing skill using three techniques was tobe the object under the study. The findings of the study were the average writing score of students using Cluster Mapping was 56.5, the average score of students' writing using Flow Charting was 49.6, and the average score of students' writing using Double/ Triple Entry was 63.0. It can be concluded that those three techniques of writing skill are effective to use but the most effective is the Double/ Triple Entry technique. Keywords: cluster mapping, flow charting, double/triple entry, writing skill Keywords: Cluster Mapping, Flow Charting, Double/ Triple Entry, Writing Skill


Abstract Over 600 pulsars are now known, almost all of which lie in our Galaxy. Most pulsars have periods between 0 · 1 and a few seconds, but a very important sub-class, the 'millisecond' pulsars, have much shorter periods. Millisecond pulsars are often in a binary orbit with another star, suggesting that their short periods are a result of accreting mass from the companion star. They are also extraordinarily good clocks, with a stability comparable to that of the best atomic clocks. This combination of extreme period stability and binary motion has led to some very important results, including the first observational evidence for gravitational radiation and the first evidence for extra-solar planetary systems. It is probable that pulsars will be used to define the long-term standard of terrestrial time. A search of the southern sky using the Parkes radio telescope has found several millisecond pulsars which will make an important contribution to these precision-timing programs.


Continuing education is of great significance for libraians' personal career development and for the progress of library services.This article looks at the content of continuing education of librarians and gives suggestions on its implementation.


The primary aim of the study was to observe the morphological changes taking place on Escherichia coli when treated with non-cationised placebo lipidic emulsion (NCPLE) and cationised placebo lipidic emulsion (CPLE). The particle size of NCPLE and CPLE indicated the mean diameter of 10.77 ± 0.20 nm and 56.98 ± 1.718 nm, respectively. The zeta potential of NCPLE and CPLE depicted the potential of −10.8 ± 0.80 mV and +20.9 ± 3.25 mV, respectively. Agar diffusion study indicated higher inhibition zone of 21.4 ± 0.85 mm for CPLE as evaluated against 14.7 ± 0.76 mm for NCPLE. Transmission electron micrographs of Escherichia coli treated with NCPLE and CPLE showed the potential of blank nanoemulsions as antibacterial, which can be used as a therapeutic agent. The bacterial cell being negatively charged attracts the cationised nanoemulsions from the bulk of dispersion. As the concentration of nanoemulsion increased in the vicinity of the bacterial cell, the degree of collisions increased between the cationised nanoemulsion leading to coalescence and the formation of a pool of emulsion containing bacterial cells leading to cell death. The study demonstrated that placebo lipidic nanoemulsion (NCPLE & CPLE) may itself be used as an active therapeutic agent for the treatment of bacterial infections. Moreover, it can also be used as a carrier system for antibacterial drugs for the two-pronged synergistic effect.


We study the implications at the LHC for the minimal (least) version of the supersymmetric standard model. In this model, supersymmetry is broken by gravity and extra gauge interaction effects, providing a spectrum similar in several aspects to that in natural supersymmetric scenarios. Having the first two generations of sparticles partially decoupled means that any significant signal can only involve gauginos and the third family of sfermions. In practice, the signals are dominated by gluino production with subsequent decays into the stop sector. As we show, for gluino masses below 2300 GeV, a discovery at the LHC is possible at $\sqrt{s}=14\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, but will require large integrated luminosities.


Historical Perspective, J. Pesek Water Relationships in a Sustainable Agriculture System, E.J. Sadler and N.C. Turner Management Strategies for Sustainable Soil Fertility, D.L. Karlen and A.N. Sharpley Soil Management, C.A. Robinson, R.M. Cruse, and K.A. Kohler Crop Management, M.D. Clegg and C.A. Francis Pest Management-Weeds, F. Forcella and O.C. Burnside Management of Arthropod Pests, J.E. Funderburk and L.G. Higley Economics of Sustainable Agriculture, D.C. White, J.B. Braden, and R.H. Hornbaker Making Sustainable Agriculture the New Conventional Agriculture: Social Change and Sustainability, S. Padgitt and P. Petrzelk) Challenges for the 21st Century, J.L. Hatfield and D.R. Keeney


Abstract The role of branding the sports performance of Iranian professional football League players was investigated by adopting a survey-based research strategy. Players with a history of competing in the Iranian Football League made up the statistical population for the study. 200 players were selected from this population as the study sample. The questionnaire data obtained were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Amos TM 23 software. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were acceptable and a good fit. The results showed that the structural equation model used is a strong theoretical model for studying the branding of Iranian League players, and that such branding has a significant positive effect on sports performance. Therefore, sports clubs need to understand the power of branding players to increase their athletic performance in sports expertise, competitive style and fair play. On the other hand, the most important aspect of branding is branding the whole club, rather than each product or player, since each individual product can benefit from the income belonging to the brand family of the club or organization. It is suggested that professional and strategic methods can help players and motivate them to acquire the necessary skills to grow branding.


Two topics in the news last week were the U.S. presidential inauguration and the atheists' advertising campaign, "There's probably no God." Looking at these stories together can provide some important insights.


We propose a decentralized caching policy for wireless heterogeneous networks that makes content placement decisions based on pairwise interactions between cache nodes. We call our proposed scheme <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> <italic>-exclusion cache placement</italic> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {GEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), where a parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> controls an exclusion radius that discourages nearby caches from storing redundant content. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {GEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> takes into account item popularity and the nodes' caching priorities and leverages negative dependence to relax the classic 0–1 knapsack problem to yield spatially balanced sampling across caches. We show that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {GEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> guarantees a better concentration (reduced variance) of the required cache storage size than the state of the art, and that the cache size constraints can be satisfied with high probability. Given a cache hit probability target, we compare the 95% confidence intervals of the required cache sizes for three caching schemes: (i) independent placement, (ii) hard exclusion caching (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {HEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and (iii) the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {GEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> approach. For uniform spatial traffic, we demonstrate that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathrm {\sf {GEC}}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> provides approximately a 3x and 2x reduction in required cache size over (i) and (ii), respectively. For non-uniform spatial traffic based on realistic peak-hour variations in urban scenarios, the gains are even greater.


We present Guidance and Control algorithms for a fixed wing aircraft under severe structural damage. We show that under damage that includes 25% and 50% asymmetric wing loss the aircraft is successful in maintaining stable autonomous flight and is capable of performing autonomous approach and landing. Key features of the presented algorithms are smart guidance techniques that ensure the aircraft maintains required flight speed to avoid stall and use the available control surfaces to maintain autonomous flight. Closed loop autonomous control is achieved using proportional-integral-derivative type control logic with gains scheduled according to the measured airspeed. Adaptive control methods for the attitude control loop are also presented. The presented methods have been tested on Georgia Institute of Technology's GT Twinstar fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, the results are presented in the paper.


Foreign speakers who are visiting Indonesia and the reaction given by them when looking at various phenomena or habits that Indonesian people do not exist in their country, but in Indonesia it is very common, and lifting myths that legend among Indonesian people. This research aims to analyze culture shock in YouTube Tomchu content, Korean people are surprised to live in Indonesia. This research is important to study as it will be beneficial for individuals around the world to know the cultural adjustment processes that occur in their new cultural environment and will examine the cultural concussions experienced by Koreans living in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Researchers used indicators based on Ward's theory of concussion. The results of the analysis showed that the foreign speaker had lived in Indonesia for 2 months and experienced a cultural concussion on the culture and customs of Indonesian people who were very different from their country. One Korean citizen said most Koreans living in Indonesia are used to spray gun instead of tissue because they feel hygienic. There are no 4 seasons in Indonesia. But in Indonesia there is also one of the hot areas such as summer in Korea, namely Tangerang and Bekasi. And in Indonesia there are also drivers and maids. One Korean citizen said he was surprised to live in Indonesia.


Objective To examine the incidence and distribution of extravascular compression of the extracranial venous pathway (the jugular and/or azygous veins) in multiple sclerosis patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency evaluated by mulitislice computer tomographic angiography. Methods and results Study group consisted of 51 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis in whom chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency was diagnosed by color Doppler sonography (CDS). Mulitislice computer tomographic angiography was performed in all patients, and it revealed significant extravascular compression (>70%) of extracranial venous pathway in 26 patients (51%), while in 25 patients (49%) no significant extravascular compression was seen. Extracranial compression due to transverse processus of cervical vertebrae was seen in 23 patients, carotid bulb compression was seen in two patients, and in one case, compression presented as a thoracic outlet syndrome. Conclusion Our data indicate that extravascular compression of the extracranial venous pathway is frequent in multiple sclerosis patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, and that it is mainly due to compression caused by transverse processus of cervical vertebrae. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential clinical implications of this phenomenon.


The recently accepted new mineral flamite IMA No. 2013–122, (Ca,Na,K) 2 (Si,P)O 4 , found in the pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel, was reported to crystallize in the hexagonal space group P 6 3 with unit-cell parameters a = 43.3726(18), c = 6.8270(4) A. A careful re-examination of single crystals from the type locality and holotype material, however, shows that flamite is better described by the formula Ca 8−x (Na,K) x (SiO 4 ) 4−x (PO 4 ) x and that it crystallizes in the space group Pnm 2 1 , a = 9.3845(6), b = 21.7310(14), c = 6.8346(4) A, V = 1393.81(15) A3, Z =4 and is isostructural with the known synthetic P-doped clinker phase Ca 15 □(SiO 4 ) 6 (PO 4 ) 2 . The structure is a derivative of the hexagonal high-temperature variety of dicalcium-silicate, α-C 2 S, and is characterized by a cyclic triplet of individuals rotated 120° around c , interpreted as symplectite-like transformation "twinning" derived from α-C 2 S. The composition of intergrown flamite lamellae is chemically variable concerning the degree of Na, K and P substitution. We present the structure of flamite and discuss its close relationship to nagelschmidtite, Ca 7 (SiO 4 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 , and the high-temperature polymorphs of C 2 S.


The effects of water soluble materials in paper mill sludge on cellulase and β-glucosidase activities were studied while the optimization of enzyme system for hydrolysis of the paper mill sludge for production of glucose was made. Water soluble materials in the paper mill sludge showed stimulatory effect on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) activity, inhibitory effect on filter paper (FP) activity, and no effect on avicelase and β-glucosidase activities. CMC and β-glucosidase activities at 5 and 10, 5 or 10 and 10, and 10 and 10 U/ml were optimal for hydrolysis of 5, 10, and 20% of the paper mill sludge, respectively.


Abstract: Background: Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily living, which may include social distancing, remote work/school, and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional well-being. This report presents the preliminary results from the first thousand responders on mental wellbeing and mood and feelings questionnaires. Methods: The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the multi-languages survey through their networks to general society. Of the 64 questions, 7 were from the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), and 13 were from the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), which are both validated instruments. Results: Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p<0.001 and {Delta}%= 9.4 %) in the total score of mental wellbeing was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing during compared to before home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire (i.e., depressive symptoms) showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p<0.001) in total score with more people (+10%) developing depressive symptoms during compared to before home confinement. Conclusion: The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the enforced home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.


The leaf growth dynamics of five species of rain-forest tree in New South Wales, Australia, were studied over the lifespan of several cohorts of leaves (ranging in longevity from 6 months to over 10 years), to determine the patterns of emergence, growth, mortality and herbivory in the canopy. Leaf population dynamics were examined for variability within and between several spatial scales: canopy heights, individual trees, species, and rain-forest formations. Representative species were selected within each of the three major rain-forest formations of New South Wales: Nothofagus moorei and Doryphora sassafras in cool-temperate or montane or mossy microphyll forest, D. sassafras and Ceratopetalum apetalum in warm-temperate or simple notophyll vine forest, and Dendrocnide excelsa, D. sassafras and Toona australis in subtropical or complex notophyll vine forest (...)


TITLE : THE EFFECT OF AZOLLA INOCULUM, PHOSPHATE ROCK AND RICE HULL ASH DOSAGES ON RICE YIELD AND SOIL PHYSICAL OF ALFISOLS. The use of agrochemical materials to increase rice yield in a long term may cause soil, environment damages and have low productivity. One of the ways to increase the rice yield and improve soil health is organic rice cultivation by applaying organic fertilizer inputs derived from azolla. This research objective is to find out the effect of azolla, phosphate rock and husk ash dosages, as well as the best combination of azolla, rock phosphate and husk ash which is best for soil physical and yield of rice on Alfisols. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consists of 5 treatment and repeated 5 times. Data analysis using the F test (Fisher test) with 95% level confidence. Variables measured were field capacity, maximum moisture content, bulk density, aggregate stability, plant height, dry weight of harvest rice and milled rice. The results showed the treatment combination of azolla 250 g m -2 , rock phosphate equivalent with 150 kgha -1 SP-36 and husk ash equivalent with 100 kgha -1 KCl give the highest aggregate stability.


Chapter one illustrates the tension between martial citizenship and breadwinner masculinity in World War II deferment policy as well as men's surprising reluctance to serve in the "Good War." Despite staggering manpower needs, military officials were unable to convince members of Congress to curtail dependency deferments until well into 1943. Social values that defined the father as the moral and financial center of the family hindered planners' attempts to dispassionately focus manpower procurement policy on filling the armed forces, factories, and farm fields until there was absolutely no other choice. It was not until the last two years of war that it become virtually impossible for men between the ages of 18 and 25 to obtain deferments. Yet, when required, Americans accepted the necessity of the draft, making it appear as though they also accepted a civic-republican ideal of masculine citizenship.