Understanding fear, its causes, and its impact on students can be important for educators who seek ways to help students manage their fears. This paper explores common types of student fears such as performance-based anxiety, fear of failure, fear of being laughed at, and cultural components of fear that impact learning. The cognitive, emotional, and physiological components of fear are also investigated, including its role in memory deficits and key functions of the central nervous system that may be short-circuited when students are overwhelmed by feelings of fear. Specific strategies for educators are provided to help students manage fear-based behaviors and achieve emotional balance and academic success in the classroom. These strategies include educating oneself and students about fear, creating a nurturing environment for students, taking advantage of campus resources, being proactive about communicating with students outside of the classroom, and incorporating active learning strategies.


Postdepositional changes in water stable isotopes in polar firn were investigated at three sites characterized by different accumulation rates along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. Water stable isotopes, major ion concentrations, and tritium contents of three 2–4 m deep pits were measured at high resolution (2 cm). Temporally, the snow pits cover the past 50 years with snow accumulation rates in the range of 29–41 kg m−2 a−1 around Dome Fuji. Oxygen isotopic profiles in the three pits do not show annual fluctuations, but instead exhibit multiyear cycles. These multiyear cycles are lower in frequency at Dome Fuji as compared with the other two sites. Peaks of water stable isotopes in the multiyear cycles correspond to some ion concentration minima in the pits, although such relationships are not observed in coastal regions. We propose that the extremely low accumulation environment keeps the snow layer at the near surface, which result in postdepositional modifications of isotopic signals by processes such as ventilation and vapor condensation‐sublimation. We estimate that oxygen isotopic ratios could be modified by >10‰ and that the original seasonal cycle could be completely overprinted under the accumulation conditions at Dome Fuji. Moreover, stake measurements at Dome Fuji suggest that the large variability in snow accumulation rate is the cause of the multiyear cycles.


This paper investigates the attitude tracking control of a stratospheric airship with unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances and full state constraints. The dynamic surface control is established to reduce the complex computational caused by the differential of virtual control laws. A new adaptive law of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) is proposed to approximate the unmodeled dynamics. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) is designed to estimate unknown external disturbances. The asymmetric time-varying barrier Lyapunov function (ATBLF) is established to prevent the asymmetric time-varying full state constraints are overstepped. The simulation for stratospheric airship are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.


Introduction. The article considers the problem of the soviet tankers participation in the Spanish Civil War in its initial period. Methods and materials. The study is based on documents of the Intelligence Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Defence of the Soviet Union. They became available after the publication of the first three volumes of the eight serial edition "Red Army and the Spanish Civil War (1936– 1939)". Analysis. It is emphasized that the first group of Soviet tankers arrived in Spain on October 13, 1936, together with a batch of T-26 tanks (50 in total). On October 29, a tank company, which in a short time prepared the missing crew members from among the Spaniards, took part in a combat offensive operation in the Madrid area. According to documentary evidence the effectiveness of the combat use of tanks was minimal and was a result of the unwillingness and inability of the Spanish infantry, including its command staff, to act together with tanks. The documents characterize the T-26 tank as a reliable, hardy, easy-to-handle vehicle, superior in all technical characteristics to light tanks of German and Italian production, but with unsuccessful turret geometry, with weak armor, with an imperfect design of the turret swivel mechanism, with an unusable radio antenna. The article considers presented in the documents problem of the moral, political, psychological and physical condition of soviet tankers in Spain. The documentation also notes high level of military discipline, gives examples of heroic deeds of tankers, primarily members of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). At the same time attention is drawn to cases of excessive caution of individual commanders bordering on cowardice. An important place in the documents is given to the physical condition of tankers who find themselves in unfamiliar climatic and social conditions as well as in terms of a completely different food ration. It is noted that almost 100% overwork of personnel associated with continuous participation in hostilities, accompanied by various diseases. Results. The article emphasizes the importance of the direct participation of Soviet tankers in the hostilities of 1936–1937. It made it possible to prevent the military defeat of the Spanish Republic at the stage of creating a regular People's Army. Key words: Spanish civil war, soviet military aid, tanks, tankers, combat activity, overwork, diseases.


By assuming that incident ions are scattered in a single wide-angle collision and that the energy loss in the solid is due only to interaction with electrons, an expression for the number of ions back-scattered from a surface is derived. Measurements have been made of the energy distribution of protons and deuterons back-scattered from titanium and niobium. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and calculated energy distributions both in general shape and in the absolute values of the number of particles back-scattered from titanium. In the case of niobium there is evidence that multiple scattering is taking place.


To describe lag time of Time-Controlled Explosion System (TES), the system's water absorption kinetics was investigated. Study of water absorption in TES with EC membrane revealed the following relations : (i) the square of water-uptake linearly increased with time in accordance with the Washburn equation, (ii) the water permeation rate correlated with the reciprocal of membrane thickness, (iii) the amount of water-uptake necessary for membrane destruction was directly proportional to the thickness of the membrane. These results suggest that lag time of TES is regulated by the function of membrane thickness. Indeed, the observed lag time was confirmed to fit with the curve expected by the above relations. When talc was included in the EC membrane in an equal weight ratio as a membrane-filler, lag time related directly to the membrane thickness. Compared with TES consisting of EC membrane only, the membrane was destroyed by a smaller amount of uptaken water owing to the weakening of membrane strength by the talc addition.


Expansion of the rights of individual workers to refuse unsafe work and to make anonymous health and safety complaints has met with concerns that these rights might be misused so as to increase union bargaining power or to otherwise harass employers. The authors construct a database that merges work refusals and health and safety complaints with collective bargaining schedules, impasses, grievance arbitrations, and bargaining unit characteristics for 10,193 Ontario units in 1988 to determine how frequently these rights were exercised, whether they were more likely to be used during periods when collective agreements were being negotiated, and whether refusals and complaints were associated with other forms of industrial conflict. Although the exercise of these rights was more likely the more adversarial the industrial relations climate, the authors find little evidence that it was used for concerted harassment of employers.


objective: To investigate the relationship between the heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) , standard CD44 (CD44s) and CD44v6 in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome. Methods: 71 CAG patients were selected, 31 cases coincided with spleen-stomach damp-heat (SSDH) group, 40 cases coincided with spleen-stomach qi-deficiency (SSQD) group, and 18 healthy persons as control group. Antral mucosal biopsies were obtained during endoscopy in these patients. Rapid urease tests and 13C urease breath tests were used for detecting Hp. The specimens of gastric antral mucosa were obtained for pathological diagnosis and immunohisto-chemical technique (HSP60, HSP70, CD44s and CD44v6). The correlations between every group and above index signs were analyzed. Results:(1) The degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in SSDH group were more serious than that in SSQD group (P0. 05-0. 01).(2) Expression of HSP60 was weak or negative in control group, while enhanced in CAG patients with SSDH or SSQD. Hp infection ratios in two groups were higher than that in the control group (P0. 05-0. 01), there was significant relation between Hp infection ratio and the expression of HSP60 (P0. 01). There was no obvious difference in HSP60 between group SSDH and SSQD, but the expression of HSP60 had a trend to rise in SSDH. (3) The expression of HSP70 in SSDH was no obvious difference compared with the control group or SSQD group (P0. 05). The strong positive percentage of HSP70 in SSDH was 71. 0%, which was higher than that in SSQD group (47. 5%) (P0. 05) .(4) The expressions of CD44s and CD4v6 in gastric antral mucosa were not obviously different in the three groups (P0. 05). Conclusion: (1) The degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in SSDH was more serious than that in SSQD, the reason may be a close coordination between SSDH and inflammation. (2) The expressions of HSP60 in SSDH and SSQD were much higher than that of the control group, the cause may be correlated to Hp infection. (3) The percentage of strong positive expression of HSP70 in SSDH was much higher than that in SSQD, which indicated that the ability of recovery in SSDH patients may be enhanced under the circumstances of serious damage of inflammation. (4) The expression of CD44s and CD44v6 had no significant difference in three groups, which indicated that as a precancerous disease, CAG had no appeared abnormal expression of CD44s and CD44v6.


A gentle and short introduction to uncertainty of measurement for beginners, including laboratories preparing for UKAS accreditation. The guide explains the concept and importance of measurement uncertainty, using examples from everyday life. It illustrates how to estimate uncertainty in real measurement situations, showing a detailed uncertainty calculation step by step.


This paper presents a seismic displacement criterion for conventional soil retaining walls based on the observations of a series of shaking table tests and seismic displacement analysis using Newmark's sliding-block theory taking into account internal friction angle mobilization along the potential failure line in the backfill. A novel approach that relates the displacement of the wall and the mobilized friction angle along the shear band in the backfill is also proposed. A range of horizontal displacement-to-wall height ratios ( δ3h ∕H) between 2 and 5% representing a transitional state from moderate displacement to catastrophic damage were observed in the shaking table tests on two model retaining walls. This observation is supported by both Newmark's displacement analysis and a new approach that relates the movement of the wall to the mobilization of the friction angle along the shear band in the backfill. A permissible displacement of the wall as defined by the displacement-to-wall height ratio, namel...


The binding assembly 605 for having a support frame for mounting the print head assembly, the digital printer 706 for printing on medium 604 of the multi-page through the binding assembly is disclosed. Binding assembly according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a binding means for application to the medium of the multiple pages wherein the binding material along a substantially parallel line with respect to the overall traveling direction of the medium on the support frame.


ABSTRACT This study examines the international marketing literature published during the period 1987-1993. Twenty journals, which publish international marketing articles on a variety of topics, were reviewed, yielding 1,645 articles with an international marketing perspective. Classification of the articles on the basis of subject content yielded twenty-four distinct topic categories. Topical trends and frequent contributors in the international marketing literature are identified and implications for future research are discussed.


This chapter states that the most debated area of 'popular morality' in Herodotus concerns its role in his analysis of the major decisions of the leading states and his complex categories of historical explanation. In his opening sentences Herodotus makes it clear that he sees it as his business to explain why major conflicts start, and to record how cities as well as individuals rise and fall, fall and rise, in changing patterns of human mutability. Herodotus is approving a moralizing judgment which explains the victory of the Greeks in terms of the imperialist aggression and blasphemy of their enemies. He offers the reader the hint that such moral and political contrasts are as subject to constant, yet unpredictable, change as are the prosperity or sufferings of individuals and the rise and fall of states. Keywords: Greeks; Herodotus; human mutability; imperialist aggression; popular morality


<UN> * PhD candidate of sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com. 1 Hiroshi Fukurai, "Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Disaster and the Future of Nuclear Energy Programs in Japan and East Asia," Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 21 (2012): 427–431. 2 Id., 427. 3 This phrase is based on a 2002 report which declared that nuclear energy harmed fewer people than fossil fuels, but this statement assumes safe handling and storage procedures for nuclear fuel cycle activities including a secure final storage place for wastes. See Sverre Husebye, "Environmental and Health Impacts of Electricity Generation: A Comparison of the Environmental Impacts of Hydropower with Those of Other Generation Technologies," International Energy Agency, accessed July 7, 2014, http://www.ieahydro.org/reports/ST3-020613b.pdf. 4 World Health Organization, Uranium in Drinking-Water (Geneva: who, 2012), 16 [hereinafter who2012]; United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report chapter 14


A photonic oscillator, locked to a master RF synthesiser, was built by using a monolithic dual-wavelength DFB semiconductor laser submitted to a frequency-shifted optical feedback. A [3; 10] GHz tuning range is reported, with a phase noise level lower than −70 dBrad2/Hz at a 10 Hz offset from the carrier.


Based on digital imaging processing technology, a generational method of computational grid of porous media is developed for numerical simulation. Transformation of original microscopical image from grayscale into binary one and vector-graph are used for reconstructing a geometric model of porous media. Computational grid of porous media geometry model by COMSOL Multiphysics software can provide an effective way for the latter finite element analysis of porous media.


Introduction Non-catheter-related aortic thrombosis is a rare condition in neonates. It may be life threatening or leads to severe complications. It occurrence requires looking for an underlying congenital prothrombotic condition. Methods We report a case of a spontaneous aortic thrombosis in a newborn revealing an association of factor V Leiden and hyperhomocysteinemia. Results A full term male was born by c-section. He presented immediate severe respiratory distress. Echocardiography performed at the second day of life, showed persistent pulmonary hypertension. He required high frequency oscillatory ventilation and inhaled monoxide administration. Initial respiratory stabilization was noted. But at 11 days age, we noted an increase in oxygen requirement; a tachycardia, a hepatomegaly, an edema and femoral pulses were no more detected. Control echocardiography showed a left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 30%. The abdominal doppler ultrasound found an extensive thrombosis in infrarenal abdominal aorta. Thrombolytic treatment was not administrated as a subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in the cerebral ultrasound. After 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, hemodynamic and respiratory stabilization was obtained. Control echocardiography at day 14, showed an ejection fraction of 50%. The biological assessment revealed heterozygosis R506Q mutation for the factor V (factor V Leiden) and heterozygosis MTHFR C677T mutation (hyperhomocysteinemia). The aortic thrombosis has been spontaneously lysed and disappeared within 10 months. At 4 years, his physical examination is normal. Conclusions Till now, there are no clear establisched guidelines concerning the management of arterial thrombosis. We insist that the blood clotting screen must be systematic and complete to look for association of congenital prothrombotic conditions which would increase the thrombotic risk.


IN a recently published book, Call the Doctor: A social history of medical men (London: Michael Joseph, 1958), Mr. E. S. Turner has drawn a portrait of the doctor through the ages as a member of so...


The idea behind the service life model presented in this report was published in 1979. It has thereafter been described and developed in a number of reports and papers. The basis of the model is the observation that a well-defined critical, or maximum allowable, moisture content exists, above which the material is severely damaged by frost, and below which it is unharmed also when freezing is repeated at numerous occasions. This means that there is an analogy between design with regard to frost resistance and design with regard to structural safety. The critical moisture condition corresponds to the fracture load at structural design, whilst the real moisture condition corresponds to the actual load in structural design - the load effect. This also means that design with regard to frost resistance is to a high extent a moisture mechanics problem - one must be able to predict the future moisture variation in all parts of the structure. The analogy with structural design means that the same theory can be used for calculation of the probability of frost damage as for the risk of structural failure. The report focuses on the moisture mechanics part of the problem - i.e. the load part. The possibility to predict moisture by theoretical calculation is evaluated, and found to be small. (Less)


How we treat animals is a subject of one branch of applied ethics called animal ethics. There are several approaches in animal ethics: analytic, continental, pragmatic and theological. On the other hand, ethicists have applied classic theories of ethics in this field and have taken up a position on animals. These theories are placed on two groups: (1) direct theories, (2) indirect theories. Kantianism and social contract are samples of indirect theories. Direct theories divided into two groups: theories believe in equality of animals and human beings, and theories believe in inequality. Researcher in ethics that aware of these approaches and theories applies them in particular subjects - like experiment on animals, using them in zoos and circuses,… This essay intends to introduce these main frames in animal ethics, and suggests the best approach for society of Iran.


The problem of tracking and capturing a moving obstacle in two dimensions by a mobile robot equipped with a wide-beam sonar system is discussed. In a practical system the range and azimuth measurements contain random errors and are available over a limited region. This pursuer/prey problem is treated as a feedback control system for which the pursuer action is dependent on the observed measurements. Two measures of performance are considered: the capture probability and the mean capture time when capture occurs. The lower bound for the mean capture time is determined from game theory, which assumes complete information about the prey. Strategies employing either qualitative (prey is to the left or right) or quantitative (range and azimuth to prey) information are implemented and compared. It is found that qualitative information is sufficient for prey capture, although quantitative information allows more efficient prey capture.


Cellular automata are mathematical idealization of physical systems in which the design domains are divided into lattices of cells, states of which are updated synchronously in discrete time steps according to some local rules. The principle of the cellular automata is that global behaviour of the system is governed by cells that only interact with their neighbours. Because of its simplicity and versatility the method has been found as useful tool for structural design, especially that cellular automata methodology can be adopted for both optimal sizing and topology optimization. This article presents the application of the cellular automata concept to topology optimization of plane elastic structures. As to the optimal sizing, the design of columns exposed to loss of stability is also discussed. A new local update rule is proposed, selected optimal design problems are formulated, and finally the article is illustrated by results of numerical optimization.


Four monodisperse gold nanoparticles with different sizes were prepared in this study,and Rabbit anti-Pig IgG was labelled with gold nanoparticles.The gold nanoparticles-Rabbit anti-Pig IgG chemiluminescence(CL) probe was characterized by ultraviolet and visible(UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and CL.The results showed that gold nanoparticles-Rabbit anti-Pig IgG probe was monodisperse and steady.This study demonstrated the potential applications of gold nanoparticles-Rabbit anti-Pig IgG CL probe.


We need laws that empower cancer survivors to live without the stress of financial toxicity, say Mark Lawler and Françoise Meunier


Imprinting self‐sustainable magnetic features into graphene has recently generated much interest owing to its potential application in spintronics. Several strategies for imprinting magnetic features into graphene are proposed theoretically. However, only a few of them are realized experimentally. Here, the first scalable synthesis of magnetic graphene nanoplatelets with diverse morphologies, including nanoribbons and triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and other polyhedral shapes, is reported. This material enters the ferromagnetic regime at a temperature of ≈37 K with magnetization approaching ≈0.45 emu g−1 under high external magnetic fields. Theoretical calculations are used to explain this sort of morphology‐driven magnetism of graphene nanoplatelets, which emerges from the synergistic effects of the size, geometry of nanographenes, edge terminations, and angle between adjacent edges. In addition, they suggest a new way for preparing magnetically ordered graphene nanoplatelets with a higher transition temperature. In this respect, triangular motifs with zigzag edges represent the most promising morphology of graphene nanoplatelets, which can remain magnetically ordered up to ≈107 K. Based on these challenging results, further tuning of the size and morphology in spatially confined nanographenes combined with doping and sp3 functionalization will enable the preparation of magnetically ordered half‐metallic carbon sustainable up to room temperature, thus opening new opportunities in spintronics.


To prepare monoclonal antibodies(McAbs)against M2protein of H5N1subtype avian influenza virus(AIV),the shortened M2gene(sM2)without transmembrane region was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6P-1.The sM2fusion protein,which was induced by IPTG and purified by glutathione resin,was soluble with a molecular weight of 36ku.Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified sM2fusion protein of 100μg.Spleen cells of the immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells(SP2/0)after the fourth immunization.Four McAbs were obtained by ELISA using the sM2 fusion protein or GST protein as coated antigens.These McAbs were named as 1A9,2D4,3E6and 4E7,of which isotype belonged to IgG2b,IgG1,IgG2aand IgG2a,respectively.The result of indirect fluorescence assay showed that specific fluorescence was observed when MDCK cells were infected with different clades of H5subtype of AIV.Thus these McAbs can be used to detect H5subtype AIV.


The main technical results of building and main taining of the first-order survey control network of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge are briefly described.The charac teristics,difficulties,key techniques of the GNSS continuously operating reference stations and the main technical problems need to be solved in applications and maintaining of the engineering CORS system are explained.The projection length dis tortion of the Engineering Coordinates System in the engineering construction is analyzed.Finally,the overall technical route of the leveling datum transmitting oversea construction,and of carrying out according surveying precision by stages,is put forward.


Geochemical studies of sediments, water bodies like rivers, estuaries and the sea bed, can be an effective step to find the source and distribution model assessment of environmental pollutants in a region. Sediments are the final destination of heavy metals in aqueous environments contamination, including arsenic entering the water resources in different ways, causing hazards such as poisoning, and carcinogenesis in living bodies. Study arsenic levels in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea, 30 stations were selected in the Calculation of aggregated fine-grained organic matter in two seasons of the arsenic concentration in both summer and winter by using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was determined. Geochemical index, Enrichment factor and pollution index were determined low pollution to non-pollution area and cause of arsenic to the environment, erosion of the Geological formation of the bay, leading GORGAN River carry deposits upstream of surroundings were. Primary cause of arsenic to the environment, geology and upstream sediment erosion and transport by rivers is leading to Gorgan Bay and surrounding areas. Compare these results with other parts of the Caspian Sea show that arsenic levels observed in this study in the Gorgan Bay and surrounding areas has been less than other part of the Caspian Sea.


A function f : Ω→ R is called F -measurable if f−1(B) := {f ∈ B} := {ω ∈ Ω : f(ω) ∈ B} ∈ F for all Borel sets B ⊆ R. Denote by F 0 the collection of sets in F with finite measure, i.e., F 0 := {E ∈ F : μ(E) <∞}. The measure space (Ω,F , μ) is called σ-finite if there exist sets Ei ∈ F 0 such that ⋃∞ i=0Ei = Ω. If needed, these sets may be chosen to additionally satisfy either (a) Ei ⊆ Ei+1 or (b) Ei∩Ej = ∅ whenever i 6= j. Part (a) follows by taking E′ i := ⋃i j=0Ei, and part (b) by setting E ′′ i := E ′ i \E′ i−1, where E′ −1 := ∅. Unless otherwise stated, it is always assumed in the sequel that (Ω,F , μ) is σ-finite. An F -measurable function f : Ω→ R is called σ-integrable if it is integrable on all sets of finite measure, i.e., if 1Ef ∈ L(F , μ) for all E ∈ F . Denote the collection of all such functions by Lσ(F , μ).


Objective To evaluate the flexible ureterorenoscopy in nephrolithotomy of multiple kidney stones. Methods The flexible ureterorenoscopy was inserted via pelvic nephrostomy. Swisslithoclast pneumatic lithotripsy, forceps and syringe were used to remove the kidney stones. Results In all 5 patients, stones were successfully removed. This technique could also detect other pathological changes in pelvis and kidney calices which could be dealt with in the same setting. The procedure is less traumatic and has less complication. It has the advantage of fast recovery. Conclusions It is safe and effective to carry out multiple nephrolithotomy in children using the flexible ureterorenoscope.Kidney calculi;Ureteroscopy


The low capacitance in the panel contributes to a reduction of power consumption in a Plasma Display Panel system. In this paper, the capacitances of the counter and coplanar electrode structures are compared on the basis of the measurement of discharge and displacement current. The sustain gap of the counter structure is wider than that of the coplanar structure under the same discharge volume. Furthermore, the sustain electrode area of the counter structure is smaller than that of the coplanar structure. Accordingly, the capacitance of the counter structure is lower than that of the coplanar structure for the same discharge volume and sustain gap.


Pumps used in biopharmaceutical processes are crucial to the success of up and downstream processes. For upstream processes in particular, the pump's characteristics and performance must be carefully considered when working with shear sensitive materials such as animal cells (e.g. Chinese hamster ovary cells) [1-3]. Levitronix GmbH has developed a novel single-use pump series which is suitable for applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. Based on their innovative technology, they have created magnetically levitated, pulsation and seal-free pump systems with a pump head made of plastic that is replaced and discarded after a single use. This novel technology avoids the drawbacks of shafts, seals and leaks which are typically observed in traditional pumps and supports the use of single-use pumps in biopharmaceutical processes [4].


In recent time, Egypt is suffering from the scarcity of fresh water. In addition, Egypt is one of the event states under the water poverty line, who is identified as less than 1000 m3 per capita per year due to the existence of dry climatic conditions in most parts of the country and limited available water resources, therefore optimization and saving of water consumption have vital importance. The main goal of this research is to study the effect of Partial Root zone Drying (PRD) on corn yield, water distribution efficiency and water use efficiency compared with conventional irrigation (CI).Field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2017 in the Agricultural research station, Etay El-Baroud, El-Behera Governorate (Etay-El-Baroud region is 6m above sea level, 30˚ 88 / N and 30˚ 66 / E).Corn plants were planted under different irrigation regimes which were Alternate Partial Root zone Drying (APRD),Fixed Partial Root zone Drying (FPRD),and Conventional Irrigation (CI) comparing with control irrigation. The irrigation regimes were carried out under two levels of land leveling (0.05% - 0.1%), and three levels of water cutting times. The experimental treatments were irrigated by 152mm diameter of PVC gated pipes system. The results indicated that, the APRD treatment achieved the highest value of corn production (7.85Mg ha-1) when the applied water was reached to the end of furrow plus 5 minutes storage (Q3) under furrow slope of 0.1% and improving water use efficiency (WUE) when applied water was reached 5m before the end of furrow length (Q2) by 1.73 kg m-3 under furrow slope of 0.1%. Also, the APRD regime saved 37.16% of applied water under Q2 and furrow slope of 0.1%.


Condensation in a building encourages microbial growth, which can have an adverse effect on the health of occupants. Furthermore, it induces the deterioration of the building. To prevent problems caused by condensation, from the design step of a building, predictions of the spatial, temporal and causation for condensation occurrences are necessary. By using TRNSYS simulation coupled with TRNFLOW, condensation assessment of an entire office building in Tokyo, Japan, was conducted throughout the year, including when the air-conditioning system was not operated, by considering the absorption-desorption properties of the building materials and papers in the office and the airflow within the entire building. It was found that most of the condensation occurred during winter and was observed mainly in the non-air-conditioned core parts, especially the topmost floor. Additional analyses, which identified the effect of variations in the thermal insulation of the external walls, roof and windows and the airtightness of the windows on condensation, showed that the lower airtightness of windows resulted in decreased condensation risks, and condensation within the building was suppressed completely when the thermal insulation material thickness of the external walls was greater than 75 mm, that of the roof was greater than 105 mm and the windows had triple float glass.


The Old English and Latin Durham Proverbs are famously obscure. Durham Proverb 10 describes a man sitting on a pig; the man jokes that what happens next is up to the pig. Scholars have read this as a possible marital joke, since the man is called a ceorl or maritus 'husband', yet this article suggests that the context is that of pig butchery. Medieval art frequently shows pigs being butchered by a man sitting on top of them to hold them down. Moreover, they often show the butchery performed by a man and a woman, suggesting that this proverb was a reference to an activity that a couple performed together, rather than a sexist commentary on marriage.


In recent months, a database has been launched that, for the first time, allows clinicians to collect UK-wide information on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), thus driving improvements in care and standards. A patient management system (PMS) has also been created to support IBD clinical teams in providing high quality care and to allow easy input of information at the time of a consultation. The system then feeds data into the registry automatically. This article reviews the database and PMS, which are known as the IBD Registry. During the pilot phase, both clinical teams and their patients found the PMS to be beneficial, since all the relevant patient information is summarised in one place and is easily accessible. Local management reports can also be generated for service planning/monitoring, as well as patient summaries and GP letters.


Objective To find out a method of constructing a Neisseria gonorrhoeae genital infection mouse model.Method In our experiments,ICR mice were injected Estradiol(E2) and inplanted Estriol(E3) pellet respectively,then challenged with Neisseria gonorrhoeae WHO-A in the female mice vagina.The genital swab were verified by T-M culture media,the vaginal excretes smears were stained to determine different effect of the hormone on mouse Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.Result Compared with non-estrogen-treated mice,estradiol(E2) treated mice have Neisseria gonorrhoeae short-lived in the vagina.And there was no gonococci in estriol(E3) treated mice like control group.Conclusion Estrogen,especially estradiol(E2) has the effect on promoting Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaginal colonization in mice.


endnote form, which has the advantage of not impinging unduly on the literary text. McGlashan deals admirably with the different individual idioms and especially with the diffi culties of presenting politically loaded vocabulary such as 'Wende' (the events surrounding the collapse of the GDR and reunifi cation) and 'IM' (the term for Stasi collaborators) in a consistent and neutral manner, opting for 'changeover' and 'unoffi cial co-worker', respectively. These solutions may sound over-literal to a German-speaking reader, but this is not the intended readership and it would thus be churlish to object to them. The brevity of the introduction is something of a problem, in that the need to elucidate major events mentioned with little explanation in the text creates a slight tendency to present the history of the GDR as a series of crises identifi ed by all-too-familiar dates (1953, 1961, 1976). This rather standardized account seems to run counter to the highly differentiated presentation of the GDR in the main text, but is perhaps necessary to enable the target audience to locate that text in a broader historical narrative. It is an inevitable consequence of presenting this text to a non-specialist audience that the essentially literary work becomes a slightly odd hybrid of literary work and history textbook in this version. Overall, however, this work is both a timely contribution to the fascination with the GDR engendered by fi lms such as The Lives of Others and a stimulus for readers from very different cultures to refl ect critically on their own political socialization and experience.


Abstract Background ChRCC is a rare form of kidney cancer and presents with a poor prognosis in the metastatic setting, with limited response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and targeted therapy. While previous studies suggested that ChRCC originates from intercalated cells of the kidney, its exact cellular origin has not been clearly defined. We therefore investigated the cellular origin of ChRCC and renal oncocytic neoplasms at single-cell resolution. Methods ChRCC, renal oncocytoma (RO) and low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) samples with matched normal kidney specimens were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Epithelial cells from normal samples were clustered and annotated into the distinct known cellular types found in the adult healthy human kidney. A logistic regression model (Young M.D. et al., Science, 2018) was trained on the normal epithelial clusters, using a comprehensive set of 74 marker genes (features). Subsequently, the model was tested on tumor clusters from ChRCC, RO and LOT to investigate their cellular origin through the identification of the highest predicted probabilities of similarity between normal epithelial cellular types and tumor cells. Differential gene expression and pathway analyses between ChRCC and its cell of origin were then conducted to investigate mechanisms of oncogenesis. Results Following quality-control, 46,817 cells from 5 tumors (ChRCC: n=3, RO: n=1 and LOT: n=1) and 4 normal samples were isolated for scRNA-seq analysis. Among normal samples, 784 epithelial cells were clustered and annotated into the following cellular entities: proximal tubule (PT), loop of Henle – distal tubule (LOH-DT), principal cells (PC), α-intercalated cells (ICA) and β-intercalated cells (ICB). Across all ChRCC and oncocytic tumors, 7,573 tumor cells were identified, among which 7,425 corresponded to ChRCC. For ChRCC, RO, and LOT neoplasms, the highest predicted probability of similarity was consistently identified with ICA cells (ranging from 0.60 to 0.80). This finding was validated using an external and previously published (Zhang Y. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021) scRNA-seq dataset from a patient with ChRCC (n=2,853 cells). Additionally, evaluation of previously defined ChRCC-specific markers (i.e. FOXI1, RHCG, KIT, CLCNKA, and CLCNKB) in scRNA-seq data of normal kidney epithelial cells consistently showed the highest expression in ICA cells. Differential gene expression between ChRCC and ICA cells revealed a significant downregulation of MHC class I genes (i.e. HLA-A , HLA-B, and HLA-C) and HSP70 (family A) genes (i.e. HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA6, and HSPA8) in ChRCC. Differential pathway analysis between ChRCC and ICA cells showed a significant enrichment of the ferroptosis, glutathione metabolism, mTOR signaling and IL-15 pathways in ChRCC. Conclusions Renal oncocytic tumors, including ChRCC, appear to originate from the α-intercalated cells of the normal human kidney. As compared to α-intercalated cells, ChRCC downregulates MHC class I genes, which may be associated with its poor response to immunotherapy. Further, the selective downregulation of HSP70 genes may in part explain ChRCC's increased sensitivity to ferroptosis. CDMRP DOD Funding: yes


Recently, order preserving submatrix (OPSM) model has been widely applied in many fields, such as biological gene expression data analysis, finance data mining and recommendation system. OPSM model is widely used in gene data expression analysis because of its biological significance and noise robustness. However, most of existing algorithms for OPSMs mining are based on greedy strategy or Apriori principle, which will miss some meaningful OPSMs, especially Deep OPSMs that the biologists are interested in. In this paper, an algorithm for accurate OPSMs searching based on sequential pattern mining was proposed, which could find all OPSMs, especially those Deep OPSMs. The idea of dynamic programming, data structure of suffix tree and the branch and bound rules were combined to improve efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm was verified by real gene data through experiments on biological significance and algorithm performance. Experimental results demonstrated that it is a high-efficiency algorithm and can find meaningful results.


Total colonoscopy was performed on an 89-year-old man who was not treated with anticoagulation therapy. He had developed purpura in the rectum below the peritoneal reflection by the aspiration for endoscopic mucosal resection to rectal polyp. The purpura resulted in spontaneous cessation, but he had lower abdominal pain thereafter. He was diagnosed to have intramural hematoma of the rectum from rectosigmoid to above the peritoneal reflection by computed tomography and sigmoidoscopy. It disappeared with conservative therapy. We infer that it was secondary rectal intramural hematoma triggered by excessive straining against purpura.


The study for developing a high-yield model of hybrid wheat was carried out by using the principle of agricultural ecology and the qualified design of three factor square saturated D,in which the factors of sowing date(x1),sowing quantity(x2) and amount of fertilizer application(x3) were taken as the adjusting factors,and the yield per hectare(y) as target function,through which a mathematical model for high yield cultivation of hybrid wheat was obtained.The result indicated that under the condition of experiment design the factors affecting hybrid wheat yield were in sequence of amount of fertilizer application x3,sowing quantity x2,and sowing date x1;when the target yield was from 7 500~9 000 kg/hm2,the optimum formula of hybrid wheat was as follows:fertilizer application x3 of 208.24~301.88 kg/hm2(m(N)∶m(P2O5)=1∶1),sowing quantity x2 of 218 2.8~301 2.9×104 seed/hm2 and sowing date x1 from 4 to 19 October.


Based on the hierarchical structure of enterprise's resource allocation, enterprise's resources are divided into fixed resources and variable resources. After analyzing the relationship among time cost, quantity cost and values, the weak part in resource allocation is analyzed. According to the Wooden Barrel Principle, the important parameter of enterprise resource allocation such as resource coordinating factor is deduced.


In this paper,a new method is developed for solving the problem that the object trajectory data is incomplete in the relational regions which the RFID antennas can't cover.This approach can discover(estimate)the object's POI(Points of Interest)based on the probabilistic semantic trajectories.The goal of our research is to establish an integrated description of the object's RFID trajectories and to find out the distribution of object's POI in the regions which can't be covered by the RFID antennas.Proposed method considers two factors of probabilistic distribution and duration of the objects in the same time.An experiment has been carried out.


AbstractSince the proposition of compact city theory, the sustainability of the compact city and whether it represents an appropriate orientation for urban development have been heatedly discussed. How urban compactness will affect resource utilization and environmental pollution is still unknown. By fully considering the core connotations of the compact city, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system was established to measure the compactness of 35 major cities in China in 2000 and 2010. The results showed the prevalence of urban sprawl. Multiple linear regression was employed to investigate the relationship between urban compactness and resource consumption and pollutant discharges in China. The results indicated that compact urban development can promote a more efficient utilization of urban resources with no obvious impact on the urban environment, especially in the reduction of pollutant emissions.


The schmelzmuster of molars and incisors was studied in various taxonomic groups of fossil Mongolian rodents, which derived mainly from the joint Austrian-Mongolian expedition of the years 1995 to 1997 (FWF-Project: P-10505-GEO). The first-time joint discussion of molar and incisor enamel microstructure corroborated their independent evolution. In their molars, the Mongolian rodents show all three elementary types, the P-, S-, and the C-type of schmelzmuster, characterizing the various rodent families. The Mongolian material is phylogenetically important because of the stratigraphically earliest occurrences of the highly derived C-type schmelzmuster in the molars. Due to the limited number of clearly identified incisors, the Mongolian material shows only a selection of the expected schmelzmuster diversity. The incisors show schmelzmuster with multiserial as well as uniserial HSB.


Referring to Chu bamboo strips of Guodian tomb,this article collates two sections of characters in Laozi and Liji,and put forward some new explanations.


Purpose The Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 (CPQ 11–14) is a generic tool that was developed to measure oral health-related quality of life in early adolescents. The aim of this study was to prepare a Turkish version of the CPQ 11–14 and to test its psychometric properties in an adolescent orthodontic patient sample. Materials and Methods The questionnaire was adapted to Turkish using a forward backward translation method, and it was found to be understandable in a pilot study (n=15). The Turkish version of the CPQ 11–14 was administered to 200 orthodontic consultation patients (aged 11–14 years). Retests were conducted in 50 patients 2 weeks after the first tests. The ICON index was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth were also recorded with the DMFT index. Spearman correlations and t-tests were used to assess validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess test–retest reliability. Results Significant positive correlations were found between CPQ 11–14 scores and the global ratings of oral health (r=0.381), global ratings of well-being (r=0.350), ICON scores (r=0.211), and DMFT scores (r=0.233), supporting construct validity. Children who needed orthodontic treatment had a worse quality of life than those who did not need orthodontic treatment (p=0.016). Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated as 0.917 and 0.817, respectively, demonstrating good internal consistency and acceptable test–retest reliability. Conclusion The Turkish version of the CPQ 11–14 was found to be valid and reliable in 11–14-year-old orthodontic patients.


Abstract: Interest in Rechargeable Batteries has risen drastically on account of environmental and energy concerns. The need for advancement in batteries has increased due to various applications in the field of science and technology. Therefore, rechargeable batteries were conceived and developed. Rechargeable batteries have high performance, high energy density, flexibility, light weight, better design and performance than non-rechargeable batteries. With increasing energy storage demands, calls for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. This paper focuses on technical concepts, brief ideas about the technology and progress in these rechargeable batteries. The rechargeable battery requires heavy industrial machinery for the manufacturing. The machines required are easily available in the market and the chemicals required for the battery are also easily available. The finished product requires only a single USB port for charging. All these alarming factors incline towards the development of rechargeable batteries, more crucially. The materials used in rechargeable batteries are environmentally-friendly and because of its multiple reusability, it contributes to minimal wastage


Favorable physical growth is a reliable measure for the evaluation of health situation in children especially in the first two years of life. To evaluate the normal growth of the children international tables and diagrams are consulted. But with regard to the geographical, racial and local differences, these lose on accuracy and sensitivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between the physical growth of 0-2 year-old children and the socioeconomic as well as the grade of education of their parents. These children were seen in the health centers of Karadj/Iran.
The study cohort consisted of 300 children and the information was extracted from their health files of 24-month-old children. The interrelation of weight, height and head circumference was studied using the Logistic Regression Model for each of these factors.
The data were collected using a questionnaire containing 37 questions based on the special goals of the study. The results are registered in 3 tables. In order to study the units to be investigated, we used description and deduction statistics.
The results show that there are significant statistical interrelation between the weight and gender of the child (P=0.034) as well as the grade of education of the mother and father s occupation (P=0.000). Between the weight of the child with nutrition (chicken, fish, mutton) there is also a significant interrelation.
The results show additionally that proper nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting the process of growth and weight gain in children. The degree of mother s education and economical situation of the family (father s employment) affects the weight gain of the child.


Introduction: The Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS) is a farinfrared/submillimeter (40-640 pms) spaceborne interferometry concept, studied through the NASA Vision Missions program. SPECS is envisioned as a 1-km baseline Michelson interferometer with two 4meter collecting mirrors. To maximize science return, SPECS will have three operational modes: a photometric imaging mode, an intermediate spectral resolution mode (R4000-3000), and a high spectral resolution mode (Rz3x105). The first two of these modes will provide information on all sources within a 1 arcminute field-of-view (FOV), while the the third will include sources in a small (=: 5 arcsec) FOV. With this design, SPECS will have angular resolution comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope (50 mas) and sensitivity more than two orders of magnitude better than Spitzer (50 in lOks of 4x10' Jy Hz). We present here some of the results of the recently-completed Vision Mission Study for SPECS, and discuss the application of this mission to future studies of star and planet formation. The capabilities of a mission as ambitious as SPECS are staggering. As part of the Vision Mission Study, we explored a variety of science applications for SPECS, ranging from the evolution of galaxies to the formation and evolution of debris disks. SPECS will make major contributions to several areas of interest to this meeting. After young stars lose their gas disks, they host debris disks consisting of dust, planetismals, and young planets. Young debris disks are likely in the terrestrial planet formation phase, while older disks correspond to the clearing or "heavy bombardment" phase. Through gravitational interaction with protoplanets, the debris disk can be distorted, forming gaps, clumps, and warps. These structures can be quite small, and in order to image such structures with high fidelity, very high angular iejoiiiiioii is rqubeci. SPECS, iikt: AiiviA, wiii be able to detect structures of 0.5 AU around sources at 10 pc, and since the thermal emission from these disks peaks at about 100 pm, SPECS will be more sensitive to debris dust than either JWST or ALMA. SPECS will also make contributions to studies of protoplanetary disks by directly observing the "snow line", the point outside of which ices are able to form. The existence of these ices may be a critical component for the core accretion models of giant Science with SPECS:


Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most prevalent infections in the world despite efforts to eliminate it. Almost 1.9 billion people are infected with TB worldwide although 90% of those infected do not develop disease during their lifetimes due to either acquired immunity or immunization with BCG vaccination. There are however more than 20 million active TB cases worldwide with 85% of the burden of TB cases being in developing countries. An estimated 3 million people die annually from TB with TB deaths outnumbering the annual death toll due to AIDS malaria cholera and other tropical diseases combined. It is estimated that unless TB control programs become more effective the current estimated annual incidence of 8 million cases of disease could reach 10.4 million by 2000 and 12.1 million by 2005. Half of the TB cases in developing countries are in India in which private practitioners treat more than half of all TB patients. The National TB Control Program cannot be successful unless it involves private practitioners as partners in the prevention and control strategy. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) can do much to help control TB in India.


The adequate selection of machining parameters is of prime importance to take into the account in of advanced engineering materials. The main focus of this experimental study is to observe the effect of electrode material and machining parameters viz. peak current, main voltage and duty factor on Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) of Cobalt-ChromiumMolybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) using copper and brass electrodes. The findings highlight that electrode material significantly affects the process performance with respect to material removal rate and electrode wear as indices to examine machinability. Better performance and higher efficiency is achieved by copper electrode. Peak current, voltage and duty factor play important roles in EDM performance and efficiency in terms of reducing machining time and improve tool utilization time and life. Index Term-EDM, Electrode, Copper, Brass, MRR, EWR,


Introduction. Creating and broadcasting a positive regional image in modern conditions is an important factor in regional competitiveness. Demonstration of territorial advantages to target audiences of image-making (federal government, business community, investors, the public) makes it possible to stand out from other entities and receive certain preferences. Often declaring in state programs and promoting individual image-forming areas (investment attractiveness, innovation cluster, science city, tourist destination, a territory of safety and comfort, etc.), regional authorities forget about the complex nature of the image, which is a combination of various elements and determinants: economic, political, natural-geographical, historical, ethno-national, sociocultural, etc. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study were: a structurally functional approach that considers the image as a specific image with a universal set of interconnected elements; axiological approach based on evaluative perception of the main image characteristics; case study method used to study the image of the Republic of Mordovia based on an analysis of documents, official statistical information, etc. Results. The description of economic and political factors that determine the image attractiveness of the Republic of Mordovia is presented. Among the image characteristics, due to the features of the modern economic development of the republic, are noted: a developed innovative infrastructure, an increase in production and export of products, expansion of trade and economic ties, active participation in the implementation of state programs, and inclusion in many federal projects. The support from the center in matters that are problematic for the republic is largely due to political factors: the active support of federal initiatives from the republican leadership, as well as the high level of political stability, manageability of the territory, and the absence of ethnic conflicts and contradictions. Discussion and Conclusion. An analysis of the economic development of the republic allows us to talk about imbalance in image characteristics: well-developed innovative infrastructure, effective practice in developing clusters and technology parks are leveled out by low positions in the overall ranking of co-competitiveness and innovative potential. The most negative topic is the problem of budget debt and the introduction of external regulation in connection with the volume of debts. At the same time, the image of Mordovia is positively affected by attempts to attract notable external events. On the whole, positive dynamics are demonstrated in terms of financial and economic indicators, including an improvement in the investment climate and the effectiveness of fiscal policy. In terms of political indicators, the republic occupies a leading position in terms of political stability and stability, moving between groups with maximum and high stability, but there is a "over-regulation" of the political system, a virtual absence of opposition and independent media.


It is commonplace to hear the word "Strategy" used in conversations between executives, managers and staff when the topic of an organizations' intentions, aims and objectives are being discussed. Similarly, organizations' leaders are prone to launch "initiatives" that are designed to change something about the business, to help implement its "strategy". Such "strategic initiatives", therefore, are highly likely to consist of work that can best be viewed as projects, programmes or collections of projects and programmes.


Conventional mirror line-of-sight stabilization approaches, such as the heliostat and coleostat, are configured such that the sensor input line-of-sight is always oriented parallel to a gimbal axis. While provisions must be made to accommodate the inherent two-to-one mirror kinematics in these approaches, the resulting angular rates orthogonal to the line-of-sight are linear functions of the angular rates of the gimbals and of the base to which the sensor and gimbals are attached, and they are un-coupled such that the two orthogonal line-of-sight axes can be controlled independently. If, however, the sensor and gimbal cannot be oriented such that the sensor input line-of-sight is parallel to one of the gimbal axes, the line-of-sight angular rate kinematics become non-linear and coupled. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of the angular rate kinematic equations for such a system. The angular rate equations which result are coupled and non-linear but account for the line-of-sight motion caused by both the angular motion of the gimbals and the angular motion of the base and thus can be used to inertially stabilize and point the line-of-sight about two orthogonal axes using measurements from the two gimbal angle transducers and three orthogonal gyros.


Computational color naming (CCN) aims to learn a mapping from pixels into semantic color names, e.g., red, green and blue. CCN has wide applications including color vision deficiency assistance and color image retrieval. Existing research on CCN mainly studies pixels collected under laboratory settings or studies images collected from the web. However, laboratory pixels are very limited such that the learned mapping may not generalize well on unseen pixels, and the mapping discovered from images is usually data-specific. In this paper, we aim to learn a universal mapping by studying pixels collected from the web. To this end, we formulate a novel classification problem that incorporates both the pixels and the RGB color model. The RGB color model is beneficial for learning the mapping because it characterizes the production of colors, e.g., the addition of red and green produces yellow. However, the characterization is rather qualitative. To solve this problem, we propose ColorMLP, which is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) embedded with graph attention networks (GATs). Here, the GATs are designed to capture color relations that we construct by referring to the RGB color model. In this way, the parameters of the MLP can be regularized to comply with the RGB model. We conduct comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of ColorMLP to alternative methods.To expand the application of CCN, we design a novel data augmentation method named partial color jitter (PCJ), which performs color jitter (CJ) on a subset of pixels belonging to the same color of an image. In this way, PCJ partially changes the color properties of images, thereby significantly increasing images' diversity. We conduct extensive experiments on CIFAR10/100 and ImageNet datasets, showing that PCJ can consistently improve the classification performance. Our data and software can be found at https://https://github.com/yanzipei/CCN_and_ItsApp.


—This paper examines the open access operation of femtocells within a macrocellular network in which the same spectrum is available to both types of basestation. We examine the RF performance, particularly the interference levels, and using a generic 4G wireless protocol show the data rates that can be achieved. We present a mechanism to improve the data rate distribution, and consider the impact of changing the density of deployed femtocells.


The following article is a published response to a review of On Bourdieu, Education and Society (Fowler, B (2006) 'Clashing Interpretations of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice: Derek Robbins, On Bourdieu, Education and Society. Oxford: Bardwell Press, 2006. ISBN 0_9548_6836_6' Journal of Classical Sociology 2007; 7 (3) 367) by Derek Robbins, the original author. In this response Robbins criticises the tendency amongst social scientists to advocate the exploitation of biographical material without challenging the detached superiority of scientific professional. He reasserts the need to develop a sociology of 'life-world interaction' but accepts that it must not concentrate on the interpersonal to the neglect of an objective perspective especially concerning conditions of disadvantage and inequality.


Objective: To investigate the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) on lung injury in rats induced by oleic acid(OA).Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into acute lung injury(ALI) group(n=6),N-acetylcysteine(NAC) group(n=6) and control group(n=6),The lung tissues were collected in 3h after OA or saline administration.Lung weight/dry ratio(W/D),the concentrations of lung homogenate myeloperoxidase(MPO),malondiadehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured.Meanwhile,The pathological changes of lung were examined with light microscope.Results: In ALI group,levels of lung homogenates MPO,MDA were significantly higher and the level of SOD were significantly lower than those in control group and NAC group(All P0.01).The levels of MPO in rats of ALI group have a significantly positive correlation with lung pathological injury scores(r=0.793,p0.01).Histopathologic findings showed less lung injury in NAC group than in ALI group.Conclusions: NAC might have effect of alleviating the lung injury induced by oleic acid,of which the mechanism might be associated with free oxygen radical elimination.


The oxidation of sodium succinate by muscle homogenates prepared from the leg muscles of adult cockroaches [Periplaneta americana (L.)] and thoracic muscles of adult beetles (Tenebrio molitor L.) and adult flies (Sarcophaga bullata Parker) was studied. Oxygen consumption at 30 °C. was measured in standard Warburg flasks. The standard conditions required for optimum activity were first established for each species studied. Activity was highest in the muscle of T. molitor, intermediate in S. bullata and males of P. americana, and lowest in females of P. americana. The difference between the sexes of P. americana was highly significant. A difference associated with sex was not observed in the other species examined. Significant differences attributable to age were not observed for P. americana or T. molitor adults, but a systematic increase in activity was observed during the early adult life of S. bullata; this was associated with the development of the thoracic muscle.


Autooscillations in heterogeneous catalytic reactions are usually described using three- and four-stage reaction schemes. The authors gave a classification of three-stage oscillators. To the author`s knowledge, there is yet no similar classification of four-stage schemes for the reactions characterized by autooscillations of reaction rates. A number of articles were published that ascribed the autooscillations occurring in reactions of this type to various factors, such as the dependence of the activation energies of the stages on a degree of filling of the catalyst surface with intermediates, modification of catalytic activity by a series of intermediate stages, processes occurring by chain mechanisms on the catalyst surface, and other factors. The only cause for autooscillations in three-stage heterogeneous catalytic reactions is the presence of a trimolecular (with respect to intermediates) autocatalytic stage, A + 2K + K{sub 1} = 3K + B (where A and B are the main substances and K and K{sub 1} are vacant and occupied by intermediate centers, respectively, on the catalyst surface). The reaction schemes including this stage are inconvenient for the description of autooscillations in real catalytic reactions. The possibility to describe autooscillations in heterogeneous catalytic reactions using four-stage bimolecular (with respect to intermediates) reaction schemes basedmore » on the law of mass action that ignore the above-mentioned factors is analyzed. This analysis enabled the authors to detect all conceivable four-stage oscillators that account only for the kinetic characteristics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.« less


This study investigated timber workers' safety measures towards curbing machine-induced health problems in Rivers East Senatorial District. Descriptive research design was used for the study sample size of six hundred respondents were selected using proportionate stratified sampling technique. Three hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 alpha level. Self developed questionnaire titled "Timber workers' Safety Measurers towards Curbing Machine-induced Health Problems (TWSMCHP) was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was pilot tested and reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. The data collected were coded and analyzed using chi-square statistics. All hypotheses were rejected. The findings revealed that there existed positive correlation between health, safety and other variables. The paper concluded that machine induced problems constitute health problems to those in timber business and also non-utilization of personal protective gadgets constitute health and safety problems to timber workers in Rivers East Senatorial District. Recommendations were made that: timber workers should be sensitized by health educators and agriculture extension officers on the hazards associated with the occupation. Moreover, ergonomics should recommend a standard chain-saw machine which will prevent direct effect of vibration, fumes and noise on operators.


Abstract. A new application of the elastic no-tension material model is developed through Sequential Linear Analysis (SLA) to analyze masonry structures. The approach has been demonstrated to be more robust compared to incremental analysis procedures. In the SLA framework, the equilibrium state of a masonry-like material is sought through a series of linear elastic analyses. In the loading process, cracking strains are simulated by sequential reduction of the directional stiffness upon violation of the no-tension constraint in terms of principal stresses. Some applications are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in analyzing masonry structures under the effect of gravity, lateral loading, and ground settlements.


Frequency-Specific Effects of Stabilization Policies Author(s): William A. Brock, Steven N. Durlauf and Giacomo Rondina Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 98, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the One Hundred Twentieth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 2008), pp. 241-245 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29730027 . Accessed: 10/09/2014 14:39


Surface‐emitting GaAlAs/GaAs linear laser arrays are fabricated using the ion milling technique. Low threshold current and differential quantum efficiency comparable to these of the cleaved device are obtained.


Credit derivatives are becoming increasingly important in credit risk management.The correlation structure of their underlying assets has significant importance on credit derivatives pricing,credit portfolio diversification and credit risk management The paper studies the implied correlation smile curves by duplicating those smile curves existed in credit derivatives.The results show that the methods can estimate the correlation structure from credit derivatives market information.Furthermore,the authors explain those efficiency and robustness of the algorithms in terms of risk management.


The properties of silicagel were illustrated and tests on the strainability of Britesorb B280 silicagel,its property of improving the blare and turbidity in beer, and its property of prolonging the shelf life were conducted in this paper. The results indicated that when the addition level of B280 silicagel was 300g/m3 in beer, the differential pressure between entry and exit was only 0.04MPa during filtration, and better strainability resulted in the improvement of blare and bubble-duration in beer and the beer could remain clear even two months later.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


In early 21st century, there were a number of tendencies in the search for rock art, mainly due to the development of digital technologies. The development of documentation and analysis tools (mapping of sites using drones and GNSS receivers, digital photography, three-dimensional modeling of individual sites elements) allowed researchers to start a continuous (rather than a selective) process documentation on the new technological base, using elements of a system approach. The next stage of these studies, to the extent that the quality of the documentation is maintained, is to accumulate knowledge about rock art in geographical information systems and databases. However, existing indexing systems of sites do not withstand the new digital reality and, for various reasons, are not suitable for use in digital information systems. The article summarizes the experience of creation of indexing systems in the studies of the beginning of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. The authors present the principles of "topographic" indexing system, based on ignoring semantics and chronological attribution of images and thus separating the documentation of rock art from its interpretation.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to generalize the results of Yamada et al. [Yamada, I., Ogura, N., Yamashita, Y., Sakaniwa, K. (1998). Quadratic approximation of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Numer. Funct. Anal. Optimiz. 19(1):165–190], and to provide complementary results to those of Deutsch and Yamada [Deutsch, F., Yamada, I. (1998). Minimizing certain convex functions over the intersection of the fixed point sets of nonexpansive mappings. Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 19(1&2):33–56] in which they consider the minimization of some function θ over a closed convex set F, the nonempty intersection of N fixed point sets. We start by considering a quadratic function θ and providing a relaxation of conditions of Theorem 1 of Yamada et al. (1998) to obtain a sequence of fixed points of certain contraction maps, converging to the unique minimizer of θover F. We then extend Theorem 2 and obtain a complementary result to Theorem 3 of Yamada et al. (1998) by replacing the condition on the parameters by the more general condition lim n→∞λ n /λ n+N = 1. We next look at minimizing a more general function θ than a quadratic function which was proposed by Deutsch and Yamada (1998) and show that the sequence of fixed points of certain maps converge to the unique minimizer of θ over F. Finally, we prove a complementary result to that of Deutsch and Yamada (1998) by using the alternate condition on the parameters.


The maintenance of competitiveness has been more complex with the passage of time, a factor that has led companies to invest and innovate in their operating systems, seeking greater efficiency in each of their labors. Distribution centers are one of the most important operations when producing a product or service, since their proper functioning can determine how competitive the presence of a company in a certain market can be. This is why the measurement of the performance with respect to the efficiency of the distribution centers is baseline when making decisions aimed for improving and obtaining better results in the operations of the companies. Currently, the operation of the distribution centers is mostly developed by the human work force, as well as its performance, and therefore, the welfare generated directly by the conditions in which they are.


TheDOD Net-Centric strategy seeks toinsure that alldata arevisible, available, anduseable whenneeded andwhere needed. Datavisibility andusefulness aredependent on thedevelopment ofsystems andapplications thatare network enabled andhavethecapability topresent information ina coherent manner.Thecurrent largely paper-driven procedures forinstallation commandpost andcrisis management activities mustgivewaytomore automated processes thatallow datatobeautomatically ingested frommanysources available onthenetwork. Moreover, dataatthelocal level needs tobeavailable on thenetwork toother information consumers. Recently, the USAF 45thSpaceWingatPatrick AirForceBase installed a low-cost solution forautomating Command PostandBattle Staff operations. Thesystem, namedShark CommandandControl System(SCCS), isbasedon WebEOC®, acommercial product created andmarketed foremergency operations centers byESi, Inc.WebEOC® waseasily adapted totheroleofdaily commandpost operations andwasalready suitable foremergency/crisis management operations. Thecapabilities provided by WebEOC®aresignificantly enhanced bytheKnowledge Management Framework (KMF), whichisbased onBEA's AquaLogic® Data Services Platform and Modus Operandi's Wave®product. TheKMF allows SCCSto display federated data fromawidevariety ofdatasources, including relational databases andXML documents. The KMF provides a semantic layer ontopofthefederated datatoallowqueries toreturn information basedona domainmodelthatincludes classes andrelationships between classes. Thishasallowed SCCStodisplay data fromsources that wereformerly "silos" ofinformation. In turn, dataaccumulated inSCCSismadeavailable toother information consumers viatheKMF.This paperdescribes SCCSandKMF capabilities andlooks forward tohow commandpostscan be interconnected and access federated data.


The 19 strains of black walnut for planting 10 years introduced into Ningxia were chosen as experimental objects,and the yield character,shell character and nutrition quality of the strains were investigated,using software of SPSS to analyze the correlation of the characteristics of shell and nutrition from the high-yield stains.The result showed that there were 7 strains of black walnut possessing fertility character were chosen by individual yield and kernel producing per crown vertical projected unit area.Analysis on the main shell character of the 7 strains were showed as followed.Amplitude of per nut quality was between 6.9 g and 26.1 g.Amplitude of kernel quality was between 1.4 g and 4.6 g.Amplitude of shell thickness between 0.1 cm and 0.4 cm.Amplitude of kernel ratio between 17.7 percent and 27.4 percent.Correlation analysis on single-fruit quality and kernel quality,single-fruit quality and shell thickness showed very significantly positive correlation and significantly positive correlation respectively.Analyses on the nutrition quality of the 7 strains were showed as followed.Amplitude of total fat mass fraction was between 51.2 percent and 58.4 percent.Amplitude of total protein mass fraction was between 5.9 percent and 11.7 percent.The mass fraction of unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid,octadecadienoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid of A6 was highest as 87.45%.The mass fraction of saturated fatty acids including hexadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid of W5 was highest as 40.36 percent.The significantly negative correlation was analyzed between the total protein and oleic acid,hexadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid respectively.The finding will provide the reliable theory evidence for breeding of high yield and high quality black walnut choiceness varieties in Ningxia.The 3 stains of A6,L24,L32 have great potential to breeding high-oil walnut cultivars for their highest fatty acid content.


Spontaneous human combustion is a contentious and extremely
rare phenomenon whereby a person suddenly bursts into flames or
catches on fire without any visible external stimuli such as petrol
and matches etc


In this short note we relate some known properties of propositional calculus to purely algebraic considerations of a Boolean algebra. Classes of formulas of propositional calculus are considered as elements of a Boolean algebra. As such they can be represented by uniquely defined elements of this algebra which we call "logical primes". The algebraic notations appear useful because they make it possible to derive well known properties of propositional calculus by simple calculations or to substitute lengthy logical considerations by schematic algebraic manipulations.


Estimation of the channel impulse responses of multiple cochannel users is a key requirement of all multiuser detection and interference cancellation techniques, though little attention has been paid to subject in the context of TDMA systems. This paper addresses a pilot-based technique for multiuser channel estimation in a TDMA system, and makes several new contributions: it allows for time variation of the channels within and between training sequences, it accounts for colouration of the sampled noise sequence as well as correlation between the channel taps, and it considers users to be asynchronous resulting in a technique whereby explicit timing recovery is unnecessary. In addition, it addresses selection of appropriate training sequences.


Introduction: The climatic conditions which govern the formation of the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) on Mars are influenced by interactions with vast mid-latitude ground ice deposits. Deciphering the paleoclimate record depends on understanding the behavior of the water sources and how they interact with each other and with the NPLD [1]. Both theoretical and observational work show that shallow subsurface ice is abundant in the mid-high latitudes, and exerts important influence on polar cap evolution. For instance, subsurface ice affects the seasonal CO2 cover by storing heat during summer and releasing it at winter [2], due to the significantly increased thermal conductivity and thus inertia when ground-ice is present [3]. Using an innovative coupling a climate model and a long-term ice evolution model, in this work we explore how the ground-ice reservoir grows and recedes in response to changes in orbital elements and surface ice distribution in the past and how it, in turn, affects the NPLD accumulation and chemical composition.


This study investigated the efficacy of lexical-temporal-indicator (LTI) prompt vs. metalinguistic prompt among field-dependent (FD) learners in their acquisition of past tense. To this end, four intact classes at Iran Language Institute (ILI) with a total number of 86 teenage learners at elementary level were selected. A Group Embedded Figures Test was utilized to specify field-dependent learners. A pretest with a focus on past tense was used to ascertain that the learners were not familiar with the targeted feature. Two groups out of four classes with an equal number of FD learners (n=17, n=17) received LTI and metalinguistic prompts as their treatments respectively. The one-month treatment was administered for the first 20 minutes of eight sessions. Then, an immediate parallel post-test was administered to compare the performance of the two groups. The findings revealed that FD learners receiving LTI prompt did better than those receiving metalinguistic prompt. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that LTI prompt is more favored than metalinguistic prompt by FD learners. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p482


Abstract Activity diversity is important for psychological well-being and cognitive functioning. Yet, little is known about the relationship between activity diversity and sleep. This study examined how overall and nightly sleep health are associated with activity diversity. Participants (N=1841) from the Midlife in the United States Study II provided activity data for 8 days. We constructed overall and daily activity diversity scores. A composite score of overall sleep health across 8 dimensions and nightly sleep duration were measured. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographics, total activity time, and positive/negative affect. Participants with poorer sleep health overall had a lower activity diversity. On days following nights with short (<6hrs) or long (>8hrs) sleep duration, participants engaged in fewer-than-usual activities. Conversely, fewer daily activities also predicted long (but not short) sleep duration. Our results suggest cyclical associations between poor sleep health and activity diversity day-to-day, which, may accumulate over time to form a bidirectional relationship.


This article analyzes the philosophical thought of Karol Wojtyla and his idea of subjectivity. It is focused on underlying and clarifying a mistaken interpretation of this issue and its consequences upon some relevant aspects. Some phenomenologists have considered the main idea of Wojtylas' subjectivity uniquely under the lens of Max Scheler and Immanuel Kant, completely ignoring Thomas Aquinas' vision. This confusion has provoked an idea —far from the classical subjectum— that brings out most of the modern interpretation of person, feelings, intention, and love, elements that are, in this context, the ideological columns of modern subjectivism.


Objective To explore the correlations between plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its relationship with cognitive function in late onset depressive patients ( LOD ).Methods The plasma BDNF levels in late onset depressive patients ( n =34 ) without antidepressant treatment and normal controls (n =32) were measured with the ELISA method.The Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD17) was used to assess depressive severity, and a series of neuropsychologic tests to extensively assess cognitive function.The correlation coefficients between plasma BDNF level and cognitive function and total scores of HAMD17 were performed by using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The plasma BDNF levels in LOD patients [ ( 3.24 ± 2.67 ) μg/L ] were significantly lower than that in controls [ ( 6.71 ± 3.16 ) μg/L,P < 0.01 ]. Compared with control group,the significantly lower levels of neuropsychologic tests were in LOD group (P <0.01 ).The plasma BDNF level was not related to the total scores of HAMD17 and cognitive function in LOD patients (P > 0.05 ).Conclusions The LOD patients in acute phase may have extensive impairments of cognitive function which may be aggravated by mood symptoms.The BDNF may plays no important role in cognitive function,and may be involved in the pathogenesis of LOD.

Key words:
Depressive disorder;  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;  Cognition;  Late onset


We initiate the study of the trade-off between the length of a probabilistically checkable proof of proximity (PCPP) and the maximal soundness that can be guaranteed by a 3-query verifier with oracle access to the proof. Our main observation is that a verifier limited to querying a short proof cannot obtain the same soundness as that obtained by a verifier querying a long proof. Moreover, we quantify the soundness deficiency as a function of the proof-length and show that any verifier obtaining "best possible" soundness must query an exponentially long proof.
 In terms of techniques, we focus on the special class of inspective verifiers that read at most 2 proof-bits per invocation. For such verifiers, we prove exponential length-soundness trade-offs that are later on used to imply our main results for the case of general (i.e., not necessarily inspective) verifiers. To prove the exponential trade-off for inspective verifiers, we show a connection between PCPP proof length and property-testing query complexity that may be of independent interest. The connection is that any linear property that can be verified with proofs of length ℓ by linear inspective verifiers must be testable with query complexity ≈ logℓ.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy to patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy.Methods 70 patients randomized to Group Psychotherapy (GP)or control group for an 8-week observation.Rating Scale was used to compare independently both at baseline and at the end of 8th week,including the SDS,SAS,QLQ-BR53(quality of life questionnaire for breast cancer patients).Results 1.Compared to control,after 8-week GP,the experiment group had less depression and anxiety (SDS:45.0±7.25 vs 50.15±5.82,P<0.01;SAS:42.23±4.72 vs 49.00±7.07.P<0.01).showed a significant improvement in social functioning and global health status(65.59±23.93 vs 57.47±29.66,P<0.01:54.30±33.05 vs 48.38±29.30,P<0.01)and level of body image(64.78±21.91 vs 43.28±21.91,P<0.01).2.Compared to baseline,the experiment group had significant reduction in the score at depression and anxiety(P<0.01),showed a significant improvement in physical sufferings(P<0.01).Conclusion GP can lessen depression and anxiety,and build up global quality of life for patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy.

Key words:
Group psychotherapy;  Breast cancer;  Case-control study;  Quality of life


Bieberbach's conjecture was very important in the development of Geometric Function Theory, not only because of the result itself, but also due to the large amount of methods that have been developed in search of its proof, it is in this context that the integral transformations of the type $f_\alpha(z)=\int_0^z(f(\zeta)/\zeta)^\alpha d\zeta$ or $F_\alpha(z)=\int_0^z(f'(\zeta))^\alpha d\zeta$ appear. In this notes we extend the classical problem of finding the values of $\alpha\in\mathbb{C}$ for which either $f_\alpha$ or $F_\alpha$ are univalent, whenever $f$ belongs to some subclasses of univalent mappings in $\mathbb D$, to the case of logharmonic mappings, by considering the extension of the \textit{shear construction} introduced by Clunie and Sheil-Small in \cite{CSS} to this new scenario.


Up to 25% of normoglycaemic non-obese individuals are as insulin resistant as NIDDM patients [1]. In these individuals the cellular mechanisms causing insulin resistance are not understood [2J. In healthy non-obese, non-diabetic subjects, we have recently reported that in vivo insulin sensitivity correlates with in vitro insulin stimulation of insulin receptor tyrosine-kinase activity in several tissue [31. Insulin receptor tyrosinekinase activity is, therefore, a major factor in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. The function of insulin receptor in human tissues is, affected by a variety of factors including plasma membrane glycoprotein PC-l. This is a multifunctional ectoenzyrne whose content is elevated in fibroblasts of insulin resistant subjects [4]. In addition, hyperexpression of PC-1 eDNA in cultured cells reduces both insulin receptor tyrosine-kinase activity and the biological actions of insulin indicating, therefore, that PC-1 may play a role in regulating insulin receptor function [4]. In the present study we measured whole body insulin sensitivity and PC-1 content and insulin receptor tyrosine-kinase activity in skeletal muscle in order to evaluate the relationship between these factors in non-obese, non-diabetic subjects.


This article examines the behavior of concrete when subjected to thermal cycles, thus, imitating the process of thermal loading and unloading in thermo-activated structures, throughout their in-use period. Cylindrical specimens have been performed to study the behavior to compression and tensile strength, and prismatic specimens were performed to flexural test strength. The analysis of results shows that in thermo-active structures subjected to thermal cycles, temperature variation influences on the evolution of concrete mechanical properties, not staying constant over time. Likewise, a greater amount of reinforcement to withstand compression is necessary, as well as the reformulation of calculation methods outlined in the concrete standard EHE, so that analysis of this type of structures can be performed on the safe side, regarding both stresses and strains.

Keywords: ? concrete, temperature-related & thermal effects, thermo-active structures, compression test, splitting tensile test, flexural test


Objective The investigate the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-ProBNP) on diagnosis of the cardiogenic and the non-cardiac dyspnea.Methods We used the N terminal brain sodium peptide multi-purpose immunity instrumentation of Swiss Lai bio-engineering(Shenzhen) limited company to examine the concentration levels of NT-ProBNP in the human whole blood,the blood serum and the blood plasma.Results The concentration level of NT-ProBNP in the blood was significant on the assessment of efficacy,therapeutic scheme,prognosis and differential diagnosis.Conclusion The concentration level of NT-ProBNP has the differential diagnosis value on the cardiogenic and the non-cardiac dyspnea,and the concentration level of NT-ProBNP has the correlation with the severity of cardiac failure,which is significant of scanning,early diagnosis,assessment,treatment of the cardiac failure,and monitoring of the patients with HF,and it has important clinical value.


Inflammatory responses in many cell types are coordinately regulated by the opposing actions of NF-κB and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene encodes two protein isoforms: a cytoplasmic alpha form (GRα), which binds hormone, translocates to the nucleus, and regulates gene transcription, and a nuclear localized beta isoform (GRβ), which does not bind known ligands and attenuates GRα action. We report here the identification of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-responsive NF-κB DNA binding site 5′ to the hGR promoter that leads to a 1.5-fold increase in GRα mRNA and a 2.0-fold increase in GRβ mRNA in HeLaS3 cells, which endogenously express both GR isoforms. However, TNF-α treatment disproportionately increased the steady-state levels of the GRβ protein isoform over GRα, making GRβ the predominant endogenous receptor isoform. Similar results were observed following treatment of human CEMC7 lymphoid cells with TNF-α or IL-1. The increase in GRβ protein expression correlated with the development of glucocorticoid resistance.


This working paper deals with the effect that brings into the economy the increase of minimum wage for employees. It is a fact that when the employees get an increase in the minimum wage, they spend that money for consumption and directly affect the growth of economy. The paper confirm that positive fiscal policy can encourage domestic consumption and demand in the market by activating channels of income redistribution to citizens through broader tax base consumer tool, but with a redistribution policy reinforced with increase the flow of money to businesses and individuals. That is happening in Albania in the first trimester of 2014. On the other hand, in Albania the minimum wage increase year after year has not increased the number of unemployed, although in recent years unemployment rose drastically (otherwise from official stats) as result of bad policy response to the economic crisis. Economic development can not only encouraged through fiscal incentives and removal of some barriers, but need also other tools and policies, like the theory of minimum wage increase in order to raise the consumption and as consequence the growth of economy.


The value of ground acceleration in an area due to an earthquake that occurs can have different values. One of the factors that influence this is the geological conditions in the area. The purpose of this study was to compare the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values in the area using several Empirical Ground Motion Equation Prediction (GMPE) formulas such as Inan et al. (1996), Katayama (1974) and Peng et al. (1985) with results that are read on the accelerograph. This study uses earthquake data from the and several station networks Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in the West Java region. The results of the analysis show that the empirical formula that is close to the readable value on the accelerograph record is the empirical formula of Inan et al. (1996). Thus the empirical formula is suitable for calculating PGA values in the region.


Objective To study the relationship between changes of contents of serum free-triiodothyronine(FT 3),Free-thyroxine(FT 4) and liver cirrhosis,and analyse it's clinical significanec.Methods The concentration of serum FT 3 and FT 4 were determined by radioimmunoassay in 69 patients with liver cirrhosis,compared with liver function classification(Child-Pugh).Results Contents of serum FT 3,FT 4 in cirrhosis patients were markedly lower than that of controls(P0 001);contents of serumFT 3,FT 4 in group A degree were markedly lower than that of controls(P0 001),contents of serum FT 3,FT 4 in group B degree were markedly lower than that in group A degree (P0 001 or P0 05),contents of serum FT 3,FT 4 in group C degree were markedly lower than that of group B degree (P0 05);There was a negative correlation between serum FT 3,FT 4 and liver function classification(Child-Pugh) in patients of liver cirrhosis(γ= 0 796 or 0 725,P0 01).Conclusions The serum FT 3 and FT 4 decreased gradually with the progression of clinical liver cirrhosis deteriorated degree.There is a significant correlation between FT 3,FT 4 and liver functions.Measuring the concentration of FT 3,FT 4 has utilizable and reliable clinical value in predicting the degree and treatment and prognosis of liver cirrhosis.


Abstract A method is presented for estimating the probability distribution of wind power from a dispersed array of wind turbine sites where the correlation between wind speeds at distinct sites is less than unity. The distribution is obtained from a model for the joint probability distribution of wind speeds. This is able to incorporate arbitrary inter-site correlations. It is shown that this joint distribution reduces in the single site case to a wind speed distribution closely approximating the widely used Weibull; the multiple site power distribution is also shown to fit adequately to data on wind speeds from four sites in Western Australia. Results presented in graphical and tabular form for a range of representative cases show that a significant reduction in the variability of total wind power output may result from dispersion of aerogenerator sites; a quantitative guide to the magnitude of these effects is also provided.


Local communities are frequently judged as the main driver of forest degradation and deforestation because of the weak recognition to local ecological knowledge (LEK) or traditional ecological knowledge (TEK).  We assessed that it is important to elaborate the attributes of LEK and TEK as a way to describe why and how the local community clears the forest, as well as its relation to local practices, named parak and rimbo .  Our research uses case study method to describe the local practices in Simancuang community, Alam Pauh Duo Village, South Solok District, West Sumatra Province.  We conducted unstructured interviews, observations, and documents selection which were analyzed through categorization and codification as well as complemented with history analysis, spatial analysis, and related document analysis.  The results showed that Simancuang community knowledge can describe the attributes of LEK and TEK as a unified whole of local knowledge for sustaining their livelihoods.  Therefore, the forest clearing by Simancuang people is one of the livelihoods strategies, but they were not the main driver of forest degradation and deforestation in South Solok District.