Tungsten inert gas (TIG) and Electron beam welding (EBW) of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy was performed to prepare full penetration weldments of 1.5mm thick sheet of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy. EBW weldment was free of contamination due to the presence of vacuum during welding. The microstructure in fusion zone in both the TIG and EBW weldments comprised of acicular α and α' martensite within the β grains with primary α also being present. Tensile specimens of EBW showed higher strength, ductility and absorbed energy as compared to TIG specimens due to the higher proportion of α' martensite in the fusion zone of EBW weldment than TIG weldment. EBW specimens had higher hardness in the fusion zone than TIG weldment. Due to high heat input in TIG, the TIG welded specimens had higher tensile residual stresses while the EBW weldment showed higher compressive residual stresses.


When it comes to restorations, the goal is straightforward: to return the tooth to its natural state and function. How you achieve your goal is less clear, however, relying on skill and, in many cases, artistry to get the results you need for your patient.


In order to detect the characteristic signals of targets buried in noises,this paper bring forward a new way to remove the noises,which was based on the theories of wavelet packet transform and neural network.The wavelet packet transform has excellent time-frequency localization analysis capability.It analyses the frequency spectrum of signals and noises in different subspaces,getting the analyses coefficients.Because of the different characteristic between the signals and noises in wavelet packet transform,the analyses coefficients can be processed by the neural network and get a new series of wavelet packet analyses coefficients.Using the new series of coefficients,we can reconstruct a new signal which is the original signals without noises.


Abstract We show obstructions to the existence of a coclosed G 2 {\mathrm{G}_{2}} -structure on a Lie algebra 𝔤 {\mathfrak{g}} of dimension seven with non-trivial center. In particular, we prove that if there exists a Lie algebra epimorphism from 𝔤 {\mathfrak{g}} to a six-dimensional Lie algebra 𝔥 {\mathfrak{h}} , with the kernel contained in the center of 𝔤 {\mathfrak{g}} , then any coclosed G 2 {\mathrm{G}_{2}} -structure on 𝔤 {\mathfrak{g}} induces a closed and stable three form on 𝔥 {\mathfrak{h}} that defines an almost complex structure on 𝔥 {\mathfrak{h}} . As a consequence, we obtain a classification of the 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras which carry coclosed G 2 {\mathrm{G}_{2}} -structures. We also prove that each one of these Lie algebras has a coclosed G 2 {\mathrm{G}_{2}} -structure inducing a nilsoliton metric, but this is not true for 3-step nilpotent Lie algebras with coclosed G 2 {\mathrm{G}_{2}} -structures. The existence of contact metric structures is also studied.


This article focuses on privacy issues related to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies. It discusses activities such and video and photo enforcement, CCTV monitoring, and probe vehicles, and how they relate to privacy concerns. The article concludes with a discussion on security issues associated with the Internet.


The static dipole polarizability components (α∥, and α⊥) of Li2, Li+2, and Li−2 in their electronic ground states have been calculated using a pseudopotential treatment for the core electrons. Valence‐electron correlation has been incorporated by the method of configuration interaction. Values for different bond lengths are used to obtain vibrational and thermodynamic averages. For T=300 K, we found for Li2, α∥=361 and α⊥=141 (in a.u.) and for Li+2 , α∥=63 and α⊥=57. For Li−2 , the precision of the determined values does not warrant a thermodynamic averaging and we report only one pair of values for the bond length of 5.88 bohr, namely, α∥=700 and α⊥=334. Only one experimental polarizability is known, that for the isotropic component of Li2 at T=990 K; our calculated value agrees well with this value.


The results of an aromatic Cope rearrangement of a trans-1-aryl-2-ethenylcyclobutanecarbonitrile are reported (Scheme). The use of this rearrangement for the construction of the fused benzocyclooctene ring system and a preliminary study of the electronic requirements to favor such a transformation are also described.


We sum the canonical partition function for a system of hard rods in a box of finite length in the presence of a linear external potential (gravity). From the canonical partition function closed expressions for the pressure at the top and bottom walls, and the chemical potential follow. The canonical number density and higher distribution functions are also determined. In particular it is shown that the number densities at the extremes of the box are proportional to the associated pressures at those points even though this is not generally true in the bulk of the system. It also is shown that the system is naturally divided in two wall zones and, if the density is low enough, a central zone as it is the case for the free field system. An expression for the local pressure is also derived and it is found that, in the thermodynamic limit and in a sufficiently weak external potential, an exact local relation between the number density and the pressure profile (equation of state) exists in the canonical ensemb...


The objective of the present investigation was to determine the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen as a function of time in six olive cultivated species cultivated in soil-free systems: Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris), curly lettuce (Lectuca sativa), radish (Raphanus sativas), tomato Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and gherkin (Cucumis sativas). During the crop cycle, destructive sampling was performed, quantifying the accumulated dry matter and the percentage concentration of N. The concentration of N in the total biomass of tomato, gherkin and radish decreased during its growth, whereas in leafy vegetables ( Chinese cabbage and crisp lettuce), the concentration remained constant, reaching peaks of 4.0 to 4.7% of N at harvest, values higher than those found in the rest of the studied species. The accumulation of N at the time of harvest was strongly influenced by the total biomass produced in the different species. The maximum nutrient absorption rates differed between the species studied and occurred when accumulated dry matter ranged between 43.3 and 64.5% of the total.


The invention discloses a gas Roots flowmeter which comprises a casing and a pair of measuring rotors arranged in the casing and dividing the casing into a gas inlet cavity and a gas outlet cavity, wherein each measuring rotor comprises a waist wheel and a rotor shaft, two ends of the rotor shaft are exposed out of wall boards on two sides of the casing, a pair of meshed gears is mounted on the rotor shaft on the outer side of the wall board on one side of the casing, and a set of worm and gear mechanism for counting gas is mounted on the rotor shaft on the outer side of the wall board on the other side of the casing. The rotor shaft of each measuring rotor is divided into two sections, one end of the section, where the gears are mounted, of each rotor shaft adopts interference spline fit with the corresponding waist wheel, and the rotor shaft and the mounted gears adopt interference taper fit; and one end of the other section of the rotor shaft also adopts the interference spline fit with the corresponding waist wheel. The waist wheels, the gears and the rotor shafts of the gas Roots flowmeter adopt interference fit, so that coaxiality errors formed in a mounting process are eliminated, so that the waist wheels rotate smoothly, the gears mesh stably, the noise in work is small, and the measuring precision is high.


The table top cells elutriator is described. The developed table top elutriator may be ran at speeds up to 3000 rpm and is capable to separate particles according to size, if they have a specific weight


This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process for publishing about a clinical trial by planning its clinical relevance, knowing the audience, and following reporting guidelines.


Effective communication is a cornerstone of a healthy doctor–patient relationship in almost any clinical setting. As physicians, we find that our empathetic communication is of paramount importance to our patients and may even be therapeutic to some. A significant proportion of this communication is non-verbal.1

Usage of personal protective equipment is undoubtedly necessary for prevention of spread of infection from patients to healthcare workers and vice versa. However, the masks, goggles and other headgear make it impossible to even maintain eye contact with patients, let alone effective communication. The spacesuit-like attire creates a rift between the doctor …


This paper introduces a new, 50g miniature robot (Figure 1 and attached video) that uses four direct-drive hybrid wheel/legs and has been clocked at speeds exceeding 30 body lengths/s. The lowest recorded cost of transport (defined as total energy to move the robot mass a given distance) is 0.90. We discuss hardware considerations for design of robots at this scale, and the benefits of a direct-drive system over coupled transmissions. We develop a simple simulation model to examine the effects of drive speed and mechanical properties of the legs, and compare the results with experimental data on efficiency and effectiveness of locomotion with various leg designs.


The AHRC-funded 'Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus' project has traced the development of
metaphor in English from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day using the unique evidence base of the
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. The Historical Thesaurus organises the contents of the
OED semantically, making it possible to see how vocabulary for any given concept has developed over time.
One of the major outputs of the Mapping Metaphor project is the online Metaphor Map, which can be used to
investigate metaphor in names and is freely available at: http://mappingmetaphor.arts.gla.ac.uk/.


lection. (1) Extending the reaction of Ernst Kasernann, his mentor, against the Bultmannian heritage, Stuhlmacher finds "the primary history-ofreligions frame of reference for the New Testament" in the Old Testament and in the varieties of early Judaism (p. x). (2) Stuhlmacher focuses on traditio-historical questions: He is less concerned about the shape and message of individual writings than about the development of theological motifs (cf. the book's title) through different layers of the biblical traditions. Of course, this approach requires him to offer speculative reconstructions of the trajectories of development. (3) His reconstructions consistently affirm a direct continuity between Jesus' own selfinterpretation and the subsequent proclamation of the church. For example, Stuhlmacher offers an elaborate traditio-historical argument for reading Mark 10:45 as an authentic saying of Jesus, demonstrating that he understood his own death, in light of the Suffering Servant motif, as vicarious atoning sacrifice. (4) '[he themes of "reconciliation" and "righteousness" become the twin foci around which the material unity of biblical theology is described. 'rhus, for example, despite the lack ofevidence for "righteousness" as a major theme ofJesus' own preaching, Stuhlmacher insists that Jesus "actualized" God's saving righteousness. At such points, it becomes difficult to tell whether Stuhlmacher's assertions are historical or theological in character. Therein lies the distinctive character of the work, for better or worse. The melding of historical and theological judgments is the explicitly intended re-


Objective:To probe into clinical manifestation and specify of puerperal mental disorder.Methods:Clinical data of 165 patients going to see doctor since twenty years are statistic analyzer.Results: About clinical manifestation botanical nerve disorder mood disorder and act disorder are more.Thought disorder and psycho-sensory disorder are less.About diagnose mood mental disorder is most.Neurosis and hysteria are next.Worry age is more concentrate.Coming on puerperal mental is acute.Relapse is less after treating.Conclusions: Postpartum mental impairment classified as endocrine disorders due to be more appropriate.


Aiming at the large amount of news and review text data, sparse features, and the inability of traditional text feature representation to dynamically obtain grammatical structure, semantic information, and multi-dimensional rich feature representation of entity phrases. This paper proposes to obtain more generalized knowledge semantic feature information such as rich context phrases, entity words and so on by integrating knowledge enhanced semantic representation (Enhanced Representation Through Knowledge Integration, ERNIE). The pre-trained language model ERNIE hides words and entities by random Semantic unit prediction context realizes word vector language representation, and the output vector representation of ERNIE is input to BiLSTM, Attention mechanism and DPCNN network model to generate high-order text feature vectors, and each channel vector is processed by BatchNormalization and ReLU activation functions respectively.Thus, the semantic description information of the multi-channel word vector is fused. The model proposed in this paper can not only improve the training speed and prevent overfitting, but also enhance the feature information such as semantics and grammatical structure, thereby improving the text classification effect. By comparing the two datasets with other improved ERNIE models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 value, the experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper can obtain multi-dimensional rich semantic grammatical structure features for text classification, and then improve the Text classification effect.


The scalable extension of the high-efficiency video coding (SHVC) system adopts a hierarchical quadtree-based coding unit (CU) that is suitable for various texture and motion properties of videos. Currently, the test model of SHVC identifies the optimal CU size by performing an exhaustive quadtree depth-level search, which achieves a high compression efficiency at a heavy cost in terms of the computational complexity. However, many interactive multimedia applications, such as remote monitoring and video surveillance, which are sensitive to time delays, have insufficient computational power for coding high-definition (HD) and ultra-high-definition (UHD) videos. Therefore, it is important, yet challenging, to optimize the SHVC coding procedure and accelerate video coding. In this article, we propose a fast CU quadtree depth-level decision algorithm for inter-frames on enhancement layers that is based on an analysis of inter-layer, spatial, and temporal correlations. When motion/texture properties of coding regions can be identified early, a fast algorithm can be designed for adapting CU depth-level decision procedures to video contents and avoiding unnecessary computations during CU depth-level traversal. The proposed algorithm determines the motion activity level at the treeblock size of the hierarchical quadtree by utilizing motion vectors from its corresponding blocks at the base layer. Based on the motion activity level, neighboring encoded CUs that have larger correlations are preferentially selected to predict the optimal depth level of the current treeblock. Finally, two parameters, namely, the motion activity level and the predicted CU depth level, are used to identify a subset of candidate CU depth levels and adaptively optimize CU depth-level decision processes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can run approximately three times faster than the most recent SHVC reference software, with a negligible loss of compression efficiency. The proposed scheme is efficient for all types of scalable video sequences under various coding conditions and outperforms state-of-the-art fast SHVC and HEVC algorithms. Our scheme is a suitable candidate for interactive HD/UHD video applications that are expected to operate in real-time and power-constrained scenarios.


In this paper,the model of small off-grid wind power generation system is established by Matlab/simulink and the wind power generation system is developed by analyzing the wind speed and other parts of the system.The simulation results show that the system can run stably at various wind speeds with support of lead-acid batteries,and the voltage and current waveforms at the load end can meet the necessary requirements of customers.


Let $\mathbf{K}$ be the class of countable structures $M$ with the strong small index property and locally finite algebraicity, and $\mathbf{K}_*$ the class of $M \in \mathbf{K}$ such that $acl_M(\{ a \}) = \{ a \}$ for every $a \in M$. For homogeneous $M \in \mathbf{K}$, we introduce what we call the expanded group of automorphisms of $M$, and show that it is second-order definable in $Aut(M)$. We use this to prove that for $M, N \in \mathbf{K}_*$, $Aut(M)$ and $Aut(N)$ are isomorphic as abstract groups if and only if $(Aut(M), M)$ and $(Aut(N), N)$ are isomorphic as permutation groups. In particular, we deduce that for $\aleph_0$-categorical structures the combination of strong small index property and no algebraicity implies reconstruction up to bi-definability, in analogy with Rubin's well-known $\forall \exists$-interpretation technique of [7]. Finally, we show that every finite group can be realized as the outer automorphism group of $Aut(M)$ for some countable $\aleph_0$-categorical homogeneous structure $M$ with the strong small index property and no algebraicity.


The demand and supply of electricity adheres to more complex patterns than before. TenneT, an organization which transports electricity in the Netherlands and Germany, will see work done on over 360 high voltage substations in the Netherlands over the next 10 year. For these projects, known as EU-303 projects, TenneT has opted to follow recent standards and employ digitalisation in project management and information exchange. Linked data, including the use of ontologies and JSON-LD, forms an essential part of this digitalisation strategy in facilitating efficiency and accuracy in the communication between TenneT and contractors. This paper discusses the implementation and use of these technologies on the EU-303 projects. The first half year of the programme has been promising, indicating significant time gains and, owing to the JSON-LD format, the ability of organizations to adopt the linked data paradigm even when unfamiliar with its intricacies.


Theories are presented for the static torsional analysis of the single-span box-girder suspension bridge. The box-girder deck is chosen because of its current popularity and because of the simplicity of its torque-twist relation. An elastic theory is developed and then extended to a deflection theory. It is shown that the torsional elastic theory is usually inadequate in predicting the bridge's behavior under torsional live loading and that recourse should always be made to the torsional deflection theory which is not intrinsically more difficult. This torsional deflection theory provides a natural complement to the classic flexural deflection theory in which the deck is assumed to behave purely in flexure. Three examples are given to show that the torsional analysis is governed primarily by two characteristic dimensionless parameters. These are the relative torsional stiffness parameter (of deck and cables), the parameter involving cable geometry and elasticity, and the torsional stiffness of the towers.


Based on the experimental data of outdoor air temperature near the west facade of a high-rise building under the effect of solar radiation in Beijing last summer, this paper presents the results of horizontal and vertical air temperature distribution, and surface temperature of west facade as well.


In this thesis five different protection harnesses for hunting dogs against canidae attacks were assessed. Hunting dogs can be attacked and severely injured or killed by wolves (Canis lupus) when r ...


Energy demands are increasing day by day because almost all equipment that supports human activities uses electrical energy. CIGS solar cells are an energy source that is environmentally friendly, renewable, and has high efficiency. Selenium is one of the materials used in making solar cell CIGS. However, researchers often find the problems of this material hard to dissolve compared to other materials (copper, indium, and gallium). Therefore, in this study, pure selenium will be synthesized to produce selenium dioxide (SeO2) as a material for making solar cell CIGS with electrodeposition. The XRF  showed the resulting selenium dioxide of 99.077%, SEM-EDX showed At% selenium from SeO2 greater than pure selenium, XRD showed CIGS orientation on (211) and (105).


A general method for processing deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) data is presented. It is shown that the theoretical model is a two‐dimensional Fredholm equation of the first kind with a four‐dimensional integral kernel. The method is based on the numerical solving of the inverse ill‐posed problem of the theoretical model via regularization algorithms. Starting from a two‐dimensional C(T,t) surface one can obtain the corresponding C0(E,σ) surface, i.e., the continuous distribution equivalent to the deep levels concentrations for a given sample in both energy and cross‐section coordinates.


Liver regeneration is a unique ability, because of the way it proceeds, i.e. the proliferation of all categories of all mature liver cell types. It is highly possible that this ability is known to human kind since the ancient times, as pictured in Prometheus' myth.
The great scientific interest towards deciphering this complex process is, of course, highly justified. The most common model for the study of the process of regeneration is the surgical model of the 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx) in small rodents, predominantly the rat. 2/3 partial hepatectomy leads to a highly synchronized hepatocyte cell-cycle entry and progres¬sion. The first phase, known as the 'priming phase', occurs in the first hours after PH and poises the hepatocytes to enter the G1 phase and to become receptive to growth factors. The second phase corresponds to an increased metabolic demand imposed on the remnant liver. During this phase, among other metabolic changes, transient hypoglycemia is suggested to induce systemic lipolysis followed by a lipid droplets accumulation in the hepa¬tocytes. During this phase, am major role is played by the autocrine intercellular network. In rodents, this phase is completed in 4 days post-PHx and is followed by the termination phase. Ending the regenerative process is an equally complex, multiparameter process. The weight of the liver is regulated proportionally to the animal's body weight with remarkable accuracy, sometimes employing an apoptotic wave. The termination phase of the regenerative process ends with normal hepatic histological structure restoration and matrix remodeling.
Liver regeneration is a phenomenon that has been thoroughly studied in the past. Nevertheless, a point of emerging research interest has been adopted in the present study: the possible regulatory role of microRNAs in liver regeneration. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules (approx. 22 nts long), which have been discovered quite recently but through research they are quickly emerging as cornerstone regulatory means in a large number of cellular functions.
In the beginning of this study, data existed implicating microRNAs in the regeneration of zebrafish fins, regeneration in planarian worms and wound healing. The hypothesis that they may have a role in liver regeneration was made and a large part of this study is concerned with investigating the existence of such a role.
The researchers began with revising and standardizing the method for anesthesia and surgical procedure, which, at the time (2007), were not satisfactory enough in the case of mice (as opposed to the widely used rats), possibly because of the difficulty of operating on a 20 gram animal. Many alterations were made upon the previous techniques. As a result, a procedure was standardized, as described herein, that guarantees a fast procedure (12-15 minutes) accompanied by excellent animal survival (95-100%).
Using the above described technique, the first surgical experiment in this study was conducted: 56 animals (wild-type mice) were used, half of which were subjected to 2/3 PHx and the other half were sham operated. Liver samples were collected at time 0 and at several time points during regeneration (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours), with a number of 4 animals per time point.
These samples were used in order to confirm the comparability of the new surgical technique to bibliography models. An immunohistochemical dye for the protein Ki-67 was performed, thus revealing the number of hepatic cells undergoing proliferation at each time point. The 36th hour post-PHx emerged as the point of climax of the proliferative process in the mouse, as expected by previous studies.
For further confirmation, the same samples were used to produce simple histological H-E slides, in order to evaluate the evolvement of lipid droplet accumulation in hepatic cells associated with liver regeneration. A semi-quantitative evaluation was conducted, that revealed that maximum lipid accumulation occurs at the time points of 12 and 24 hours (+++) in mouse, again as expected by previous studies.
Then the study proceeded with investigating the potential role of microRNAs in liver regeneration. For this, a second surgical experiment was conducted: This time 20 animals (wild-type mice) were used, half of which were subjected to 2/3 PHx and the other half were sham operated. After regenerating for 12 hours, liver samples were harvested from all animals. The choice of the 12-hour interval was made as a time point at the beginning phase of liver regeneration, but not at the very early beginning, with a view to reveal the possible regulatory role of microRNAs at the first stage of the regenerative process.
MicroRNA profiling was conducted using specific microarrays, examining the presence of the 598 microRNAs known at the time of this procedure. The results pointed out 8 differentially expressed microRNAs during regeneration: 2 that were up-regulated (-miR-21 and mmu-miR-30b) and 6 that were down-regulated (mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-144, mmu-miR-207, mmu-miR-451, mmu-miR-582-3p, mmu-miR-290-5p).
Tissue samples from the second experiment were used again in order to confirm the aforementioned results utilizing the RT-qPCR method. This indeed confirmed the microarrays' results and highlighted mmu-miR-21 as the most differentially expressed miR, indicating a possibly major regulatory role in liver regeneration.
In order to link these differentially expressed microRNAs to their cellular and molecular functions, Gene Ontology Analysis was conducted, using TargetScan. Many putative gene-targets for each microRNA emerged, many of which are involved in the process of cellular proliferation.
Following the emergence of the major differentiation of mmu-miR-21 within the results of qPCR evaluation and with previous research linking it with cancer cell proliferation regulation, it was decided to further assess the time kinetics of the expression of mmu-miR-21, utilizing tissue samples from the first experiment. Through an RT-qPCR evaluation, it was shown that up-regulation of mmu-miR-21 reaches its zenith at 12 hours post-PHx and remains quite highly expressed until 24 hours. This was further confirmed by in situ hybridization.
In conclusion, we were able to standardize a very successful version of the 2/3 hepatectomy procedure adapted for mice. Using this model, the hypothesis of the altered expression of microRNAs during liver regeneration is confirmed, setting suspicion about some kind of regulatory role. Mmu-miR-21 emerges as the most differentially expressed one and possibly having the most important role. The data from the present study supplement preexisting knowledge on the phenomenon of liver regeneration, but also show the way for future research in further clarifying the paths leading to microRNAs' regulatory role or investigating their potential role in the phases of proliferation or termination of liver regeneration.


Integrating human knowledge into neural networks has the potential to improve their robustness and interpretability. We have developed a novel approach to integrate knowledge from ontologies into the structure of a Transformer network which we call ontology pre-training: we train the network to predict membership in ontology classes as a way to embed the structure of the ontology into the network, and subsequently fine-tune the network for the particular prediction task. We apply this approach to a case study in predicting the potential toxicity of a small molecule based on its molecular structure, a challenging task for machine learning in life sciences chemistry. Our approach improves on the state of the art, and moreover has several additional benefits. First, we are able to show that the model learns to focus attention on more meaningful chemical groups when making predictions with ontology pre-training than without, paving a path towards greater robustness and interpretability. Second, the training time is reduced after ontology pre-training, indicating that the model is better placed to learn what matters for toxicity prediction with the ontology pre-training than without. This strategy has general applicability as a neuro-symbolic approach to embed meaningful semantics into neural networks.


A Univentricular Heart (UVH) is a rare congenital heart malformation. Prognosis without surgical intervention is considered to be poor and survival into the adulthood is unusual (1, 2). Its incidence being 1% to 4.3% of all congenital heart defects. Here we reported this rare congenital heart defect; hence it was worth reporting this interesting case.


The article is devoted to the questions of the institution of disclosing the proofs in adjudicatory process. The author pays attention to the problem connected to disclosure of the proofs. The article presents the description of the process of disclosing the proofs in a adjudicatory process.


Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use for viral respiratory illnesses remains widespread in the United States (US) with strong seasonal fluctuations. In contrast to outpatient AB use, the seasonality inpatient AB utilization (IAU) and its correlation with the influenza season are not well understood. We sought to describe trends, seasonality, and the association between IAU use and the 2015-2019 influenza seasons. Methods We used the BD Insights Research Database (Franklin Lakes, NJ USA) to identify IAU that were prescribed in patients >17 years old from up to 236 US acute care facilities from July 2015 to December 2019. We included the following AB categories: extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), macrolides, β-lactam inhibitor combination (BLIC), fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, glycopeptides, lipopeptide, tetracyclines, and others. We defined IAU use as days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days present. We used influenza laboratory data to identify facility-level positivity ratio per 100 tests. We used random effect models to estimate IAU: 1) trends overtime, 2) seasonality, and 3) association with influenza positivity rate. Results For IAU from 2015 to 2019, BLICs, ESCs, and glycopeptides were the most used [average 91, 107, and 96 DOT/1000 days presents, respectively]. Visually, we observed strong seasonality that matches the influenza season for macrolide, ESC, and quinolone use (See Figure). Unadjusted bivariate results showed ascending trends over time for BLICs [β= 3.8, p= .003], ESCs [β= 11.0, p= .005], and macrolides [β=1.5, p= .005]. Unadjusted bivariate results showed descending trends with quinolones [β= -10.9, p< .001] and others [β= -2.060, p< .001]. In the adjusted analysis, increased influenza positivity rate was associated with use of ESCs, glycopeptides, lipopeptides, macrolides, fluoroquinolone, and tetracyclines (see Table). No correlation was observed with BLICs, carbapenems, lipopeptides, and Others. IAU (DOT/1000 days presents) and Flu Rate (% Positive) Trends Over Time Conclusion Our study shows that IAU is on the rise for the ESC and BLIC classes. ESC and macrolide use was strongly correlated with influenza season. Monitoring influenza signals may provide more insights that can inform the interpretation of IAU trends and be incorporated into antimicrobial stewardship programs. Disclosures Amine Amiche, PhD, Sanofi (Employee, Shareholder) Heidi Kabler, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Janet Weeks, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee) Kalvin Yu, MD, BD (Employee) Vikas Gupta, PharmD, BCPS, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee, Shareholder)


Optical networks are crucial to support increasingly demanding cloud services. Delivering the requested quality of services (in particular latency) is key to successfully provisioning end-to-end services in clouds. Therefore, as for traditional optical network services, it is of utter importance to guarantee that clouds are resilient to any failure of either network infrastructure (links and/or nodes) or data centers. A crucial concept in establishing cloud services is that of network virtualization: the physical infrastructure is logically partitioned in separate virtual networks. To guarantee end-to-end resilience for cloud services in such a set-up, we need to simultaneously route the services and map the virtual network, in such a way that an alternate routing in case of physical resource failures is always available. Note that combined control of the network and data center resources is exploited, and the anycast routing concept applies: we can choose the data center to provide server resources requested by the customer to optimize resource usage and/or resiliency. This paper investigates the design of scalable optimization models to perform the virtual network mapping resiliently. We compare various resilience options, and analyze their compromise between bandwidth requirements and resiliency quality.


Objective To explore the interrelationship between the epidemic reports of STDs and clinical departments.Methods Correspondence analysis method was employed to analyze the relationship between the clinical departments and the reported data about the epidemic situation of 5 types of STDs in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City from October 2010 to September 2011.Results The analysis results showed that urologists were more likely to report gonorrhea,gynecologists and obstetricians were inclined to report genital tract Chlamydia trachomatis infection,genital herpes and Condyloma acuminatum,and syphilis was mainly reported by dermatology STD department and other clinical departments.As for the stages of syphilis,urologists were more likely to report primary syphilis,dermatologists were inclined to report secondary syphilis,but latent syphilis was mainly reported by gynecologists,obstetricians and other clinicians.Conclusions Correspondence analysis is available for dealing with the relationship between different clinical departments and different types of STDs,which can guide the practical work correctly.


This paper presents two models about technical analysis on security including Rtype clustering and C5.0 decision tree to analyze the prediction characteristic of technical indexes and deter the pattern for forecasting the share price fluctuation of the following trading day.It is found in this paper that there exists similarity among the technical indexes,and technical analysis does help to predict the share price,which is convenient and valuable for investors to make decision.


In this paper we describe the many evaluations that have been required to ensure that the learning appliance, IMMEDIATE, provides, in an accessible manner, the required functionality for supporting distance teaching. An iterate and revise approach was followed as IMMEDIATE grew from a proof of concept prototype to a full working system. A primary goal has been for users to find the interface easy to use, supporting their educational endeavors. There have been many challenges over the years: technical, educational, practical and cultural. These issues are discussed here.


Objective To master the epidemic situation,forecast the development trend of the epidemic,to further strengthen the prevention and control of Brucellosis.Method Collection information system for disease surveillance reporting data from 2000 to 2009 in China and monitoring data which were analyzed retrospectively.Results Brucellosis epidemic intensity increased year by year,the incidence rate of 8.79/lakh in 2006 increased to 46.41/lakh in 2009.Rank incidence of 23 from 2005 up to present fourth,the incidence has reached a record high.Brucellosis patients mainly concentrated in rural areas,accounting for 91.63% of the total incidence.The overall epidemic trend is from mountainous,agricultural area to urban spread.The peak concentration focus in 4~6 months.The cases mainly occurred among farmers(91.35%).Case is more men than women,the sexual proportion about 2.7.Age of onset was 35 years old to 65 years old concentration.The main source of infection is entering not quarantine infected animals,causing brucellosis among cattle in the epidemic are not immune,resulting in occurrence of human brucellosis epidemic.Conclusions The main source of infection is entering not quarantine infected animals,causing brucellosis among cattle in the epidemic are not immune,resulting in occurrence of human brucellosis epidemic in Hohhot.The overall epidemic trend is from mountainous area,agricultural area to urban area spread.The Brucellosis has presented the trend of prevalent in Hohhot.


Professor Joseph Bendersky claims that Harvard Political Scientist and German emigre Carl J. Freidrich's Weimar-era constitutional ideas were "Schmittian to their core" but that Friedrich's experience as a naturalized U.S. citizen led him to embrace American liberalism. This thesis argues to the contrary that Friedrich's Weimar-era thought lacked two essential axioms of Schmitt's philosophy: that democracy requires a people who are substantively homogeneous and that sovereignty even in a democracy can only genuinely be exercised by a single individual. Friedrich, however, played a crucial role in the New Deal reconfiguration of American liberalism by leading a movement among American social scientists during the 1930s and 40s toward playing a more direct role in policymaking. ironically, the liberal ideas of Friedrich's that emerged out of this reconfiguration and would persist for decades after World War II contained strong elements of both "core" Schmittian axioms.


Aging dynamics of a reentrant ferromagnet Cu$_{0.2}$Co$_{0.8}$Cl$_{2}$-FeCl$_{3}$ graphite bi-intercalation compound has been studied using AC and DC magnetic susceptibility. This compound undergoes successive transitions at the transition temperatures $T_{c}$ ($= 9.7$ K) and $T_{RSG}$ ($= 3.5$ K). The relaxation rate $S(t)$ exhibits a characteristic peak at $t_{cr}$ close to a wait time $t_{w}$ below $T_{c}$, indicating that the aging phenomena occur in both the reentrant spin glass (RSG) phase below $T_{RSG}$ and the ferromagnetic (FM) phase between $T_{RSG}$ and $T_{c}$. The relaxation rate $S(t)$ ($=\text{d}\chi_{ZFC}(t)/\text{d}\ln t$) in the FM phase exhibits two peaks around $t_{w}$ and a time much shorter than $t_{w}$ under the positive $T$-shift aging, indicating a partial rejuvenation of domains. The aging state in the FM phase is fragile against a weak magnetic-field perturbation. The time ($t$) dependence of $\chi_{ZFC}(t)$ around $t \approx t_{cr}$ is well approximated by a stretched exponential relaxation: $\chi_{ZFC}(t) \approx \exp[-(t/\tau)^{1-n}]$. The exponent $n$ depends on $t_{w}$, $T$, and $H$. The relaxation time $\tau$ ($\approx t_{cr}$) exhibits a local maximum around 5 K, reflecting a chaotic nature of the FM phase. It drastically increases with decreasing temperature below $T_{RSG}$.


Rural people are deprived even of the basic facilities of medical care. Is this ethical? [6th K R Memorial lecture].


32 Background: Factor XIII(F13), or fibrin stabilizing factor, is involved in the last stage of blood coagulation. Although F13 is also known to be activated in wound healing after surgery, the association between F13 levels and postoperative complications after surgery remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that the F13 levels during perioperative periods may be related to the postoperative complications after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: A prospective study has been conducted for patients with esophageal cancer at our institution (UMIN000011658). Preoperative and postoperative (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th postoperative days) F13 levels were examined in 73 patients with primary esophageal cancer who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. We investigated the association of F13 levels with clinicopathological background factors and the postoperative complications after esophagectomy. Results: The average age of the patients who underwent esophagectomy was 64.8 years, and 6...


Various antiretroviral drugs lead to metabolic and morphologic problems, according to the body of evidence now available to HIV clinicians for review. However, how HIV physicians should react to this situation when patients have the long-term side effects remains debatable. While discontinuation of certain drugs may be advisable in some cases; in others, the risks may outweigh the benefits of switching regimens.


Manfred Spitzer

MIT Press, £16.65, pp 360

ISBN 0 262 19406 6

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We are told that the 1990s are the decade of the brain. With the unravelling of the human genome, there are few great scientific challenges except, perhaps, understanding the origin of the universe and consciousness. This new book seeks to provide a greater insight into the workings of the mind through neural networks (for once, the "net" in the title does not refer to the internet). Neural models may help us …

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This video examines a new study that looked at genomic alterations in the circulating tumor DNA of patients with metastatic RCC during first- and second-line therapies.


TiO2 nanotube array was prepared by anodic oxidation method on the titanium substrate,and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was successfully deposited on TiO2 nanotube array by a chemical bath method.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to characterize their properties and the photoelectrochemical properties and the performance of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was investigated.The results indicated that the Fe2O3 modification not only broadened the absorption spectrum of TiO2 nanotube arrays to the visible light region,but also increased the photocurrent.The photocurrent response of Fe2O3 modified TiO2 nanotube arrays was 9 times higher than undecorated TiO2 nanotube arrays.In the photocatalytic reaction,the highest methylene blue degradation rate can reach 80%,which was30% higher than the bare TiO2 nanotube arrays.


The Cargo Mix Problem (CMP) chooses and distributes types of containers to load into bay subsections of a container vessel. In this paper, we extend existing Mixed Integer Programming models for the CMP by considering containers with dangerous goods. We show that our model can be optimally solved in reasonable time using standard software.


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In this paper, we consider a class of critical Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky system. By virtue of the Nehari manifold and variational methods, we study the existence, nonexistence and asymptotic behavior of ground state solutions for this problem.
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Four methods for the calculation of derivatives of vibration mode shapes (eigenvectors) with respect to design parameters are reviewed and compared. These methods (finite difference method, Nelson's method, modal method and a modified modal method) are implemented in a general-purpose commercial finite element program and applied to a cantilever beam and a stiffened cylinder with a cutout. A beam tip mass, a beam root height and specific dimensions of the cylinder model comprise the design variables. Data are presented showing the amount of central processor time used to compute the first four eigenvector derivatives for each example problem; errors and rapidity of convergence of the approximate derivative to the exact derivative are taken into account. Nelson's method proved to be most reliable and efficient.


The invention provides a levetiracetam oral disintegrating tablet and a preparation method thereof. The levetiracetam oral disintegrating tablet is prepared by adopting a freeze drying process and contains levetiracetam as an active constituent, polyethylene glycol 6000 as a solid dispersing agent, maltodextrin as a freeze-drying protective agent and hydrolyzed gelatin as an adhesive. The levetiracetam is a novel antiepileptic drug, and the levetiracetam oral disintegrating tablet provided by the invention has the advantage of improving the medication compliance of patients and the curative effect.


The future of wireless communication can be considered as plethora of heterogeneous systems operating together with current and legacy technologies. One view point of Fourth generation wireless communication is the seamless integration of wide variety of systems (Cellular -- GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and WLAN) for efficient service provision. Unfortunately, conventional GSM/GPRS transmitter architectures are designed to deliver constant-envelope half-duplex signals and have little in common with UMTS architectures, which generate envelope-varying full-duplex signals. Also, OFDM shows its high sensitiveness to non-linear effects, so it requires more linear amplification than other modulation schemes. Multi-carrier modulated signal has a very large peak power, so the influence of non-linear amplifier becomes large. Increase in peak power leads to input signal saturation, which leads to non-linear amplitude distortion and that leads to out of band radiation and degradation of BER. As a result, combining these transmitters within one multimode handset can be an expensive proposition.
 This paper explores and proposes several possible architectures for implementing multi-mode multi-band transmitters which provides all the necessary functionality for both linear and non-linear modulation schemes. There are a number of different architectures that can be employed to implement a multi-mode transmitter. However, the trade-offs between power consumption, linearity, baseband complexity and implementation issues have resulted in a favoured architecture for supporting both non-linear and linear modulation.


A cute intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating disease, and there are few means to affect its natural course. The general principles of effective acute stroke care apply [1], but there are no specific treatments available, except perhaps surgical evacuation of selected haematomas [2]. Haemostatic treatment with factor VIIa inhibitors has shown disappointing results, although trials of other haemostatic agents are ongoing. It was therefore a long hope coming through when the results of the second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2) were presented in 2013 [3]. The study showed that early and intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment during the first 6 h of intracerebral haemorrhage was associated with improved functional outcome 3 months later. The trial just failed to show a statistically significant difference in the primary analysis of the dichotomous modified Rankin scale, but the more sensitive ordinal method gave a statistically significant result. Subsidiary analyses have also shown consistency of results, both for important secondary effect variables (such as quality of life), and in various subgroups of patients [3]. The trial has generally been interpreted as showing apositive effect of treatment, and has had an important influence on guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure in the acute phase of intracerebral haemorrhage [1]. Because INTERACT2 was not clearly positive by its primary analysis, and because it is so far the only large trial of its kind, it is reassuring to see that the results can be supported by other sources of evidence. In this issue of the Journal, authors from the Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk Factor Assessment and Improvement – Intracerebral Hemorrhage (SAMURAI-ICH) study have looked at the effects of blood pressure-lowering in a case series of 211 Japanese patients with intracerebral haemorrhage and systolic high blood pressure over 180mmHg [4]. Patients were treated with intravenous nicardipine within 3h of stroke


Quasistatic spin freezing is observed at T=7.0 K in the muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements of polycrystalline Cu 3 WO 6 . This material has been widely considered to possess a nonmagnetic spin-singlet ground state based on the previous neutron scattering and susceptibility studies in which a spin gap was observed. Zn-doped Cu 3 - x Zn x WO 6 with x>0, however, exhibit no signature of spin freezing. The μSR results of Cu 3 - x Zn x WO 6 are similar to those of a charge-ordered system Na x V 2 O 5 . A few interpretations of the observed spin freezing will be presented.


With reducing transistor sizes and increasing levels of integration, extracting the heat from electronic devices is an ongoing challenge. Conventional indirect-cooling approaches are hindered by thermal interfaces, as well as heat spreading to larger areas which prevents dense integration. This work presents cooling strategies with microchannels directly embedded inside GaN-based semiconductor dies to extract higher heat fluxes, as well as substantially reduce pumping power. An experimental comparison is made between three levels of microchannel cooling: Indirect, using a thermal interface; direct embedded in the backside of the die; and co-designed, where the cooling channels are fundamentally integrated in the design of the electronic device. We show that, by having a cooling-centered device design, heat fluxes exceeding 1.75 kW/cm2 can be extracted with very high efficiency. Finally, to complement the compact cooling system, we discuss approaches for coolant delivery, and show how a new PCB-based coolant distribution can be used to obtain very-compact power converters, that may support the electrification of our society in the future.


A 72-year-old white man presented with a painless nodule on his left lower leg, which had slowly enlarged over 2 months and bled with minimal trauma. There was an associated itch but no pain. The patient had Fitzpatrick skin type II, and denied excessive cumulative sun exposure. His medical history included hypertension for which he was on ramipril. There was no personal or family history of skin cancer. Physical examination revealed a smooth, firm, nontender, welldefined pink nodule, 7 mm in size, on the lateral aspect of the left lower leg (Fig. 1). Dermoscopy showed a central white structureless area, hairpin vessels uniformly distributed around the periphery and overlying scale (Fig. 2). The lesion was excised and the specimen sent for histological evaluation.


In recent years, the employment pressure of university graduates has become more and more great, which has led a decline in the attendance rate of Grade 4 students. Consequently, many universities took a lot of measures for the Grade 4 students to apply for employment as well as prepare the postgraduate exam. From a quantitative point of view, this paper studies the relationship between the attendance rate of Grade 4 students and their postgraduate entrance rate as well as the employment rate through correlation analysis and Granger causality analysis. It finds that there is no significant correlation between attendance rate and the postgraduate rate and the employment rate, while there is a negative linear correlation between the postgraduate rate and the employment rate. Keywords—Attendance Rate; Correlation Analysis; Granger Causality Analysis


Background: Disabled women constitute approximately 16% of all women in Europe. Regardless of disability level women are interested in maintaining sexual activity. The study aim was to compare, understand if there are sexual health disparities between disabled women and non-disabled women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in non-governmental associations and the general practitioner's office in Latvia from November 2018 to January 2019. Data were collected from self-filled questionnaires of 34 DW and 34 NDW.Results: The mean age of NDW was 32 years and 43 years for DW. 73.5% of DW and 41.2% of NDW were partially satisfied with their sex life, p=0.009. 47.1% of DW and 32.4% of NDW admitted having an irregular sex life, p=0.002. 58.8% of NDW and 29.4% of DW had last sexual intercourse within 6 days period, p=0.011. 67.6% NDW and 20.6% DW thought their sex life will improve in future, p=0.001. 70.6% of DW was interested in maintaining sexual relations as well as 91.2% of NDW. 20.6% of DW was interested in maintaining sexual relationships but less than before disability. 29.4% of respondents from both groups noted that the level of disability or other health disorders had little impact on their sexual health. 8.8% of disabled women and 2.9% of non-disabled women had severe symptoms of depression.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that NDW had regular sex life and were more satisfied with it than DW. Regardless of the state of health women were interested in maintaining sexual activity.


health administration and legislation between 1770 and 1870, drawing attention simultaneously to the interests of both the state and the nascent medical profession in this area. As for the state, he sees an interest in health care and control with the aim of increasing economic, political, and military power in the tradition of Enlightenment cameralism. As for the doctors, he develops the thesis that their involvement in sanitary reform was a strategy to acquire state-sanctioned professional autonomy and the status of sole experts in questions of health. Accordingly, several issues relevant to medical professionalization are highlighted: the competition by non-academic healers (so-called Kurpffuscherei); the problem of fraudulent advertising; the striving for abolition of the dual educational system for surgeons and medical doctors, and the creation of a unified profession, which was eventually achieved with a ministerial decree in 1872 (twenty years later than in Prussia). A link between this so-called "surgeons question" (Chirurgenfrage) and Austrian sanitary reform is documented by efforts of organized doctors in the late 1860s to exclude surgeons from admission to public health and forensic services. Burg's central thesis of a co-operation between the state and the medical profession each to its own benefit-is substantiated from relevant primary sources, such as manuals for public health and medical administration, publications on sanitary reform and policies of doctors' societies, and articles from the early medical periodicals in Austria. His study also provides valuable insights into the responsibilities of Austrian public health officers and sanitary committees at different administrative levels, which extended to general hygiene, action in epidemic and epizootic diseases, and control of health personnel and hospitals. It is therefore a useful contribution both to the historiography of medical professionalization and of public health.


Continuous commutation failures of line-commutated high-voltage direct current converter caused by AC faults lead to the blocking of HVDC-link. This may seriously threaten the stability of post-fault power system. Therefore, a collaborative emergency control strategy making use of DC power support is presented to guarantee transient stability after HVDC-link blocking. Firstly, the control enabling criterion is defined based on the variation characteristics of the phase trajectory slope during the first swing, while the analytical equation between the needed control quantity and the system parameters is derived. Secondly, the mathematical relation between the provided control quantity and the number of HVDC-links participating in the power support is deduced, and the participation sequence is determined on the basis of the post-fault stable equilibrium points. Additionally, the time delay of the whole implementation is considered. Finally, the effectiveness of presented control strategy is validated using the improved IEEE 68-bus AC/DC hybrid power system.


: This study aimed to identify and analyze important factors that affected variables of entrepreneurship aspects, environmental aspects, internal resources aspects, and competitiveness aspects, primarily at chicken farming SMEs in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. The number of research samples was 115 units. Descriptive Statistic and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used as analytical method in this study. The results showed that leadership ability as an important factor that affected variable of entrepreneurship aspect. Social-economy as an important factor that affected variable of environmental aspect. Marketing as an important factor that affected variable of internal resource. Moreover, speed of delivery as an important factor that affected firm competitiveness variable.


Aim: Due to the movement of medium-low speed maglev vehicles, eddy current is generated in the rail, leading to reduced levitation force. This detrimental effect becomes more prominent with increasing velocity. In order to reduce the influence of eddy current effect, the electromagnet is optimized to meet the requirement of vehicle speeding up from 100km/h to 160km/h.
Methods: To maintain a constant levitation force, the current must also increase accordingly resulting in higher power consumption and heat generation. In this paper, a mathematical model is established by analytical method, focusing on the mechanism and influencing factors of eddy current. Three-dimensional transient magnetic field magnet model is analyzed by the ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell.
Results: The levitation force is related to five parameters, such as speed, length of the electromagnet, rail height, rail thickness and air gap. According to the finite element simulation results, when the train speed is 160 km/h, the levitation force of the end electromagnet is reduced by about 21.9 %. The levitation force of optimized electromagnet increases by 27 % under the same current, which can compensate for the drop of levitation force caused by eddy current .The levitation force is 41.4 kN at the speed of 160 km/h, which is slightly larger than the 39.6 kN of the former electromagnet static levitation force, which can meet the requirements.
Conclusion: The result confirms that optimization methods proposed above are valid and effective.


The paper deals with a modern drilling mud processing technology resulted following the extraction of natural gas, found in the Ogra waste deposit, in Mures County. The method of treatment of these wastes involves using a specific recipe which insures a minimal impact on the environment. Depending on the physical and chemical properties of the drilling mud, its aggressiveness towards water and soil can be established. The paper characterizes the processing method through the recovery of these wastes and presents proposals for reducing environmental risks.


Monitoring of the environmental effects of a harbour extension and the compensation measures is a very complex task. The Voordelta area has high natural values, but is also of high economic importance. To implement a monitoring strategy for this area a multidisciplinary consortium has been formed, consisting of a number of institutes and companies. A central data management facility was set up for data storage and management. This chapter illustrates the data management approach using the Voordelta monitoring programme for the years 2004 to 2013. A central data management facility was set up for data storage and management. A repository gives access to raw data files to all team members. From the analysis of the raw data a number of information products have been developed and disseminated to the authorities and the public through Google Earth. It will be shown, that the presence of a strong multidisciplinary team and good collaboration is the key to success in this complex programme. The way the data have been managed supports this process enormously. Integrated Monitoring in the Voordelta, The Netherlands: Monitoring and Data Management for Evaluation of Nature Compensation Measures


In the era of deep, large-area far-infrared (FIR) surveys from the Herschel Space Telescope, the bulk of the star-formation in distant galaxies, once hidden by dust, is now being revealed. The FIR provides probably the cleanest view of SF in the host galaxies of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) over cosmic time. We report results from studies of the relationships between SF, AGN activity and AGN obscuration out to z=2.5, which employ some of the deepest Herschel and X-ray datasets currently available, while spanning orders of magnitude in the dynamic range of AGN properties. We highlight the role of gaseous supply in modulating both SF and AGN activity without necessarily implying a direct causal connection between these phenomenon. The role of starburst- or major merger-fueled AGN activity at low and high redshifts is discussed in the context of our results.


Achieving the Ag(001)-supported synthesis of heptacene from two related reactants reveals the effect of the presence of Br atoms on the reaction process.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Anti-resorptive drugs are the most commonly used medications for treating metabolic bone diseases. These agents reduce the risk of osteoporosis fractures, control Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy and bone metastasis. However, administration of high doses or long-term use are associated with rare but serious adverse effects. Areas covered: Beyond 5 years of use, fracture reduction benefits of bisphosphonate and denosumab are minimal, while the incidence of serious adverse events increases. Thus the FDA recommends limiting treatment to less than 5 years. However, treating beyond 5 years with bisphosphonates or denosumab is appropriate in patients in whom the reduction of fracture benefits outweighs adverse effects. Detailed insight into safety and the duration of use of potent anti-resorptive agents are discussed. Expert commentary: Considering the safety and effectiveness, in patients with osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone, the use of potent antiresorptive agents should be limited for five years and three years in patients with cancer to control the complications. An annual reassessment is recommended for patients with osteoporosis, and Paget's disease these agents to (a) assess overall health, adherence to medication, and objective measures of improvements; (b) exclude secondary causes of bone loss; and (c) assess the need for continuation of receiving anti-resorptive therapy.


Forty years ago, when my department was established as one of the first departments of the new San Diego campus of the University of California (UCSD), its founders had a free hand to construct a new model for literary study by recasting the institutional infrastructure that traditionally divided the field by language or language group. The initial vision, as summarized in the introduction to an early graduate program review, was relatively abstract: The Department of Literature was founded […] on the uncommon but quite logical assumption that there are habits of mind and methods of inquiry peculiar to literary study, whatever the language, and that the literatures of the world have more in common than the usual departmental divisions acknowledge. […] From the standpoint of research and teaching interests, [its structure] runs counter to the provincialism that afflicts many departments of single national literatures. ("Graduate Program Review")


Study Design. Retrospective analysis of workers' compensation (WC) claims data for nonspecific low back injuries (LBI) in a single jurisdiction. Objective. To examine whether recurrences, defined as post-initial episodes of work disability or medical care, substantially contribute to total medical and indemnity costs, and total duration of work disability. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies have not measured the proportion of care seeking and work disability that are associated with recurrences in claims for work-related LBI. Methods. All persons with new lost-time claims for nonspecific LBI reported in New Hampshire to a large WC provider from 1996 to 1999 were selected (N = 1867). Three years of follow-up data, starting at the beginning of the first episode, were collected. Previously validated definitions of recurrence were used identify new episodes of care and new episodes of lost work time (work disability). Total duration of work disability, total medical costs, and total indemnity costs were investigated. For individuals with recurrences, these variables were separated into first-episode and recurrent period duration and costs. Results. The rate of recurrent work disability was 17.2%, and the rate of recurrent care seeking was 33.9%. Individuals with recurrence had significantly higher total length of work disability, and higher medical and indemnity costs. For those with recurrent work disability, 69% of total lost time from work, 71% of associated indemnity costs, and 84% of total medical costs occurred during the recurrent period. For those with recurrence of care, the respective values were 48%, 47%, and 42%. Conclusions. Recurrences contributed disproportionately to the total burden of work-related nonspecific LBI, through both additional care seeking and work disability. Results imply that those who have recurrences may be an especially important target for secondary prevention efforts.


Summary Time Frequency Analysis in fractional domain has been widely used in optical and signal processing for its high energy concentration and resolution. The idea contained in this technology is introduced into Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform (STFRFT) and used for spectral resolution and feature analysis in seismic signal processing in this paper. This paper provides a view of the basic principles of STFRFT and a method to determine the optimal order and establishes a general process of STFRFT resulting in the attribute factors such as high-resolution single-frequency data volume and the instantaneous center frequency. The analysis of the results shows that the method has potential advantages in seismic reservoir prediction and fluid identification, etc.


Abstract : This project assessment was initiated as part of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction's continuing assessments of projects funded under the Commander's Emergency Response Program. The overall objectives were to determine whether Commander's Emergency Response Program-funded projects were complying with the terms of their contracts or task orders and to evaluate the effectiveness of the monitoring and controls exercised by administrative quality assurance and contract officers. The objective of the Sarwaran Primary School construction project is to support the Kurdistan Regional Government's emphasis on education by meeting the heightened demand for schools, caused by an increased population in the area. The school is to meet the demand for a new village of 600 families that were relocated from the city's old citadel area.


In the past, research into the field of human rights has treated regime as a dichotomous variable and divided the type of governmental structure into either autocracies or democracies. By lumping all democracies into one category, all variation between different categories of governmental composition is discarded and it is difficult to examine the differences between types of democratic governments and their human rights capacities. Due to their tendency to accrete power centrally, presidential democracies are thought to repress the rights of citizens more often and severely than parliamentary systems. Further, an exogenous shock to the political system, such as the threat or the imposition of an economic sanction is expected to act as a catalyst for repression. Using three different datasets of indicators of physical integrity human rights from a global sample over the years of 1976-1990 for two datasets and 1981-1990 for another, democracies are indeed shown to differ in their propensity to violate human rights. The effect of economic sanctions is negligible and is only significant in one model.


OBJECTIVE
To determine how many women living in Galicia (Spain) quit smoking during pregnancy and in the first 6 months of breast feeding. A second objective was to identify possible temporal changes in smoking cessation.

METHOD
Data retrospectively provided by smokers and ex-smokers living in Galicia were analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 31.9% (26.9-37.0) of Galician smokers did not quit smoking during pregnancy or in the 6 first months of breast feeding. No statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of women who stopped smoking in relation to the period when they became pregnant. A tendency towards lower cessation rates was found.

CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of pregnant women do not quit smoking during pregnancy or in the first 6 months of breast feeding. These data indicate that health policies on smoking during pregnancy and breast feeding should be improved.


In the present article of the metallic or insulating characters of alkali doped is studied. In particular, the ocurrence of a metalic phase in potassium doped systems and its nonocurrence in sodium doped systems are analysed through the Gutzwiller approximation on a deqenerate Hubbard model. Using interaction and bandwidth parameters derived from INDO-CI calculations in the molecular cluster approach, as presented earlier by Coutinho, Canuto, Mota and Fazzio, the nonmetal-metal transitions are discussed in the systems. From the obtained results for the relation between the derived parameters and doping concentrations, it is possible to help to elucidate the diverse behaviours presented by fullerides doped with potassium and sodium.


The technique of the study of the dynamics of solid sphere in a rotating spherical cavity filled with liquid is described. The methodic of manufacturing of the cavity, features of measuring of the relative velocity, measuring of a position of the sphere relative to the cavity, and also ways of observation and recording of a flux structure taking into account optical effects on the spherical boundary is developed.


The philosophy of memory has been largely dominated by what could be called 'the representative theory of memory'. In trying to give an account of 'what goes on in one's mind' when one remembers something, or of what 'the mental content of remembering' consists, philosophers have usually insisted that there must be some sort of mental image, picture, or copy of what is remembered. Aristotle said that there must be 'something like a picture or impression'; William James thought that there must be in the mind 'an image or copy' of the original event; Russell said that 'Memory demands an image'. In addition to the image or copy a variety of other mental phenomena have been thought to be necessary. In order for a memory image to be distinguished from an expectation image, the former must be accompanied by 'a feeling of pastness'. One has confidence that the image is of something that actually occurred because the image is attended by 'a feeling of familiarity'. And in order that you may be sure that the past event not merely occurred but that you witnessed it, your image of the event must be presented to you with a feeling of 'warmth and intimacy'. When all the required phenomena are put together, the mental content of remembering turns out to be, as William James says, 'a very complex representation'.


products of that region, have performed a valuable service by bringing together within the confines of a single volume the varied stories of the individual states above listed, and have given us a comprehensive history of that vast area, which constitutes an important unit-geographically and historically-in the United States. The Greater Southwest tells in clear language the stories of the area-one third of the United States-extending from Kansas and Oklahoma on the east to California on the west. In point of time, the volume covers the period from the coming of Cortes to the beginning of the twentieth century. Introducing the account with a short chapter on the country and its native races, the authors hurriedly pass in review the Spanish occupation of New Spain-the period when the Spaniards, aided by military, missionary, and Indian, came into the &dquo;Greater Southwest&dquo; of the United States. Chapter IV introduces the nineteenth century, and from here on, the authors find themselves on more familiar ground. In a series of chapters they tell of the clash of civilizations in Texas, the activities of the explorer, the trapper, and the trader, the Santa F6 Trail, officials and unof~cial explorers, revolution, diplomacy, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The period succeeding the acquisition by the United States of the greater part of the &dquo;Greater Southwest&dquo; occupies two thirds of the vol-


Probability density function estimation is a fundamental component in several stream mining tasks such as outlier detection and classification. The nonparametric adaptive kernel density estimate (AKDE) provides a robust and asymptotically consistent estimate for an arbitrary distribution. However, its extensive computational requirements make it difficult to apply this technique to the stream environment. This paper tackles the issue of developing efficient and asymptotically consistent AKDE over data streams while heeding the stringent constraints imposed by the stream environment. We propose the concept of local regions to effectively synopsize local density features, design a suite of algorithms to maintain the AKDE under a time-based sliding window, and analyze the estimates' asymptotic consistency and computational costs. In addition, extensive experiments were conducted with real-world and synthetic data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.


Iron(II)oxalate dihydrate FeC2O4 × 2 H2O—humboldtine is not only an important synthetic intermediate, but also a key building block for the preparation of various advanced materials. Interestingly, FeC2O4 × 2 H2O can be transformed readily into phase-pure siderite FeCO3. The importance of siderite for earth sciences, in particular for the understanding of the deep carbon cycle of our planet, is paramount. The availability of high-quality single crystals of FeC2O4 × 2 H2O is crucial for diffraction or spectroscopic studies at high pressure. The present article describes a versatile synthetic approach to single crystals of FeC2O4 × 2 H2O and its deuterated analogue starting from metallic iron together with a complete characterization of the products obtained. The same protocol has been employed successfully for the preparation of 57FeC2O4 × 2 H2O, as required for Möβbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the pressure-dependence of the crystal and molecular structure of the title compound was investigated up to p ≥ 20 GPa.


For the past decade, organizations have been focusing more and more of their efforts on tackling the issue of effective time management and devoting resources to identifying problems in this direction, so that employees can be consulted and relevant innovations can be undertaken in a way that ensures a minimum of loss of working time in activities that do not lead to specific results in the workplace. In this regard, it is quite expected and advisable for managers and employees to focus on a certain minimum of a set of factors that affect the use of time in the workplace. It is imperative to create a system for tracking and evaluating the way employees use the regulated working hours. In this article we define the skills, abilities and the way to manage the time of a representative sample of employees of the company "LILIA 86 OOD".


The Industry 4.0 paradigm and all its connected technologies (Big Data, Internet of Thing, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, Augmented Reality, etc.) are quickly and deeply impacting on the companies' organization and technical capability. Although it is commonly accepted that the "digital shift" is an essential requirement for the companies' competitiveness, the Industry 4.0 paradigm has also introduced several relevant changes in the competences and skills of employees and managers, that may be a bottleneck in the adoption of the Industry 4.0 model. Some initiatives have been created at European level to support the education in the context of Industry 4.0. In this paper we present a selection of them, focusing in particular on the innovative didactic methodologies adopted in each different initiative.


As one of the main rivers in Hunan Province, Zi River is rich in water quantity. With rainstorm and serious waterlogging disaster, the study on water quantity periodicity of Zi River has great practical significance. In this paper, water resources situation of Zi River valley is introduced. Using the method of Wavelet Analysis, Peak Discharge periodicity of Zi River is studied. By studying, the Peak Discharge periodicity of Zi River valley is notable. There are two fluctuations of periodicity appear in 23-year and 18-year. In addition the low-frequency fluctuation and the high-frequency fluctuation are weak.


This paper proposes to enhance the dynamism and the flexibility of Java Enterprise Edition (EE) servers by introducing a service-oriented architecture (SOA) inside. The purpose is to ease the deployment and offer dynamic server configuration and reconfiguration. Such an approach limits consumed resources and is capable of context adaptation. After defining the properties that must be verified for the service platform, we propose to use OSGi technology as the basis for the architecture. We have experimented with integrating OSGi into Java EE servers. Moreover, this architecture has been chosen for the next generation of JOnAS ObjectWeb's open source Java EE implementation


The purpose of the present work is to report a case study on a malnourished 6 year old suffering from esophagus stenosis. As a methodological strategy data collection was performed through studies of medical charts and house visits. It was observed a lack of  perception by the family regarding the dangers of having cleaning products within the reach of the child. The necessity of attendance of the health team  (nurse, psychologist, doctor, social worker and nutritionist), guiding the mother with respect to special care with nutrition, care with the gastrotomy, medication, and domestic accident prevention, with advice on how to keep cleaning material.


Phenols can occupy one eclipsed arm of the trigonal hydrogen-bonded spine structure of helical tubuland diols thus producing a new family of cocrystalline solids the X-ray crystal structures of which are described.


Report a study that aims to uncover and analyze the role of the courses coordinators in vocational education. During the different phases of action research, with interventions by the Supervision of Centro Paula Souza, Sao Paulo, between the years 2011 and 2014, it was realized that the duties set forth in the official guidelines of the institution as well as preponderance of the educational aspects of the administrative decisively driving the roles that these professionals. However, along the way, it is possible that the course coordinator would eventually be associated with the bureaucratic service or the mere service of everyday demands. Overcoming this postulate, we understand that the course coordinator needs to be an active element in the planning and execution of the pedagogical work, an active collaborator in the educational process in the continuing education of their peers and refinement of teaching practices. The results of institutional evaluations demonstrate the contribution that research shares offered in recent years to a focus group of 22 schools.


New England is in the third summer of a protracted electricity supply shortage that began with the shutdown of a substantial quantity of nuclear generating capacity, particularly the 2,630 megawatts (MW) from the three Millstone units located in Connecticut and owned and operated by Northeast Utilities. This report was prepared in response to a request from Senator Christopher Dodd and Senator Joseph Lieberman, both of Connecticut, that the Department of Energy provide an update of its June 1997 report, New England Electricity Supply Outlook, Summer 1997--and Beyond, which examines measures that might be taken to ease the supply shortage, particularly measured to relieve transmission constraints that restrict the import of electricity into Connecticut. In the interval since the 1997 report, three changes have occurred in the region`s overall electric supply context that are particularly significant: the Millstone 3 nuclear unit (1,150 MW) has been put back into service at full capacity; electricity demand is higher, due primarily to regional economic growth. The region`s projected 1998 peak demand is 22,100 MW, 1,531 MW higher than the region`s 1997 peak; and many new additions to the region`s generating capacity have been announced, with projected completion dates varying between 1999 and 2002. If all of the announced projects were completed--which appears unlikely--the total additions would exceed 25,000 MW. A small number of new transmission projects have also been announced.


AIM:To establish HCC Hu-PBL-SCID(severe combined immune deficiency) chimeric model, and to observe the antitumor effect of mRNA-dendritic cell vaccine. METHODS: Hu-PBL-SCID chimeric model was established by intraperitoneal injection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Human IgG in mouse serum was detected by ELISA to identify the model. After the model was established, the mice were divided into four groups, and were inoculated with mRNA DC vaccine, anti CD4+, CD8++mRNA DC, naive DC, and PBS, respectively. Then the animals were injected subcutaneously with 2×106 HepG-2 cells. Tumorigenecity, latent period, and tumor volume were observed, and antitumor efficacy of CTL was measured.RESULTS: The concentration of human IgG in mouse serum in Hu-PBL-SCID model was detected, indicating that the Hu-PBL-SCID model was established successfully. No significant difference of tumorigenecity among the four groups was observed. However, tumors in mRNA DC vaccine group grew slowly, tumor volumes were significantly smaller than those in anti CD4+, CD8++mRNA DC, PBS and naive DC groups. The spleen cells in mRNA DC vaccine group specifically killed the HepG-2 cells but not SGC-7901 cells.CONCLUSION: mRNA DC vaccine shows anti-tumor immune response in vivo by inducing CD4+, CD8+T lymphocyte immune responses.


Surgical training programmes in the United Kingdom and Ireland (UK&I) are in a transition period evidenced by new surgical curricula. This study is the first to collate the opinions of UK&I trainee and consultant surgeons regarding the current Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) training model.

 A questionnaire was developed and distributed via national UGI societies and the social media platform, Twitter. A total of 241 responses were received with all UK&I regions represented.

 The median time to Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) of 13 years was considered reasonable (50.2%), however the majority (67.2%) found training to be unfocused. The suggested targets for publications, presentations and audits were 3–5 (trainee vs consultant <3 vs 3–5, p<0.001), <3 (<3 vs 3–5, p=0.002) and 3–5 (<3 vs 3–5, p<0.001) respectively. The majority (61.9%) considered a higher academic degree advantageous but felt it should not be compulsory. Interestingly, most respondents (63.5%) had or planned to undertake one. Crucially, there were geographical discrepancies in access to training, particularly in bariatrics, robotic surgery, and endoscopy. Proficiency in diagnostic endoscopy was deemed essential for CCT and consultant practice (81.7% and 67.6% respectively). The current index UGI operative requirements were felt to be achievable (87.6%) but inadequate for day one consultant practice (74.7%), an opinion shared by both the trainee and consultant groups (p=0.662). Reassuringly, most respondents (76.3%) deemed there to be a role for on-the-job operative training following consultant appointment. Post-CCT fellowships were not considered necessary for consultant appointment, however the majority (73.6%) again recognised its advantage.

 While variations were seen in the opinions of trainee and consultant surgeons, the current CCT requirements as outlined by the Joint Committee on Surgical Training are consistent with the overall perspective of the UGI community. Areas for improvement include flexibility in geographical working and provisions for endoscopy training, to ensure equal access.


The publication of 'The Politics and Policy of the Third Wave: New Technologies and Society' by Harry Collins, Martin Weinel and Robert Evans in Critical Policy Studies and the responses that follow were the result of an e-mail exchange in early 2010. At that time, I received an e-mail from Martin Weinel, who explained that he had read my chapter on 'Technical Knowledge in Public Deliberation: Toward a Constructivist Theory of Contributory Expertise' in my book Democracy and Expertise: Reorienting Policy Inquiry (2009) and maintained that I had misunderstood Collins and Evan's argument about policy decisions in the theory of the 'Third Wave' (Collins and Evans 2002). In that article they stated that their theory was designed, among other things, to inform the 'policy turn'. My own chapter picked up that theme and argued that they failed to see that technical information does not enter the policy realm in an unmediated fashion. Although I credited Collins and Evans with making important advances to our understanding of technical decision-making, particularly with regard to 'translation' across scientific and social languages, I argued that they failed to adequately understand the epistemological dimension of the relationship. After several exchanges about this I suggested to Martin that he write up his critique for CPS and I would respond in print. Shortly after that I received an e-mail from Professor Collins saying that they would write it collectively. We subsequently published their piece in volume 4, issue 2 (July 2010). Later we decided to ask a number of other people to respond as well, giving the authors a chance to reply. The basic theoretical question Collins and Evans raised in 2002 was 'should the political legitimacy of technical decision in the public domain be maximized by referring to the widest democratic processes, or should such decisions be based on the expert advice?' Technical decision-making refers for them to 'decision-making at those points where science and technology intersect with the political domain because the issues are of visible relevance to the public' (Collins and Evans 2002, p. 236). Toward this end, their position is about 'the values of scientists and technologists' knowledge and experience as compared with others' knowledge and expertise' (2002, p. 236). The question is, how far should non-scientific knowledge be extended in technical decision-making in the public realm?


This paper discusses the Last Supper Interactive (LSI) project, a real-time immersive and interactive, virtual narrative stereo application based on the Last Supper (Italian: L'Ultima Cena); a late 15th century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci located in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, in Milan, Italy. Alberti's theorem virtual tool , a virtual immersive interactive learning device, inspired by Leon Battista Alberti's rules of linear perspective (Costruzione Legittima) was designed and implemented for LSI, serving as an interactive tool for the user.


The photosynthetic bacterium M-01 was isolated from the sludge surface of the beach in Xiashan district of Zhanjiang City and identified as belonging to Rhodopseudomonas. The optimal culture light was 3 000 lx when the growth temperature was 30 ℃. An orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal medium ingredients were NH_4Cl 2 g, KH_2PO_40.2 g, sodium acetic 4 g, NaHCO_3 2 g, yeast paste 0.15 g, NaCl 1 g, MgSO_4 0.2 g, some trace elements (B, Mn, Fe, Mo, Zn), stilled water 1 000 mL. And sodium acetic was the most influencing factor among the ingredients.


Large-scale capital-intensive farming is being increasingly questioned, in both developed and developing countries. This book lists small-scale and relatively inexpensive tools for organic farmers, wherever they are in the world.


Fig. 1: Original Polygonal skull, contours with sections used for meshing, and finally the finite element model with brain visible. A set of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging data files has been determined and are available through the Visible Human Database (NIH, 2002). A polygonal representation of the skull was constructed and from this the finite element model was formed. Contours were extracted from the polygonal model and then sections were carefully chosen (Fig. 1) across these contours in order for the model to have good hexahedral element quality and ease of mesh generation. A number of variations of the model were created. The model was skewed in such a way so as to represent the same size head as that used in Nahum's experiment (1977). The resulting model was validated against the cadaver tests of Nahum, with good agreement being found for pressure response. A parametric High/Low study was performed, which consisted of 16 tests, to investigate the effect of the bulk and shear modulus of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The range of values for the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the brain chosen were 200MPa20GPa and 20kPa-500kPa respectively, with 0.25MPa-2.5GPa and 0.5kPa-50kPa for the CSF. The influence of different mesh densities on the models and the use of different element formulations to model the skull were also investigated. Mesh densities were varied from approximately 9,000 elements to 60,000 elements overall, limited only by computing resources. The skull was modelled as (a) a layered brick element skull, with the middle two bricks assigned to be trabecular bone, (b) a composite shell element skull (with and without a defined variance of thickness) and (c) as a 'shell-brick' element type skull where the shell elements were cortical bone and the brick elements were trabecular bone.


A machine element z. B. a bearing (1) or a shaft is arranged in a tank filled with coolant and / or lubricant housing (2). The exit side of the machine element from the housing (2) with at least one seal (5, 5 ') provided. The housing (2) has an outwardly extending open continuation (6) in which a pressure transmission element is arranged. The pressure transmitting member may be formed as one in the continuation (6) axially displaceable and sealed rodless piston (7) or as a continuation of the open end (6) final membrane (11).


A structure of heat-sealable film, coextruded, comprising: a) a core layer comprising a polymeric matrix comprising a thermoplastic polymer, said core layer having a first face and a second face; b) a functional layer on the first side of the core layer, wherein the functional layer is a laminating layer, a printable layer, a laminating and a printable, or a sealable layer; c) a heat-sealable layer on the second side of the core layer comprising: (i) a polymeric matrix comprising a thermoplastic polymer and (ii) an amount of a slip system, based on the total weight of the sealable layer heat, sufficient to reduce the coefficient of friction and improve slidability of the film structure, wherein the slip system comprises silicone gum and at least one antiblocking agent.


Aryl−oxazoline synthons have been explored for the preparation of strong-field first-row transition metal chelate species. With 4,4-dimethyl-2-phenyloxazoline (HPhOx), no CH bond activations afforded complexation, and aside from Zn(κ-C,N-4,4-Me2-2-(o-C6H4)oxazoline)2 (Zn(PhOx)2), aryl-coupling reactions were noted with 4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-lithiophenyl)oxazoline (LiPhOx) and MX2; [κ-N,N-{4,4-Me2-(2-o-C6H4)-2-oxazoline}2]CoCl2 (1-Co) was structurally characterized. Metalations with 4,4-dimethyl-2-benzyloxazoline (PhCH2Ox) were prone to deprotonation, as exemplified by (Me2N)3Ti(η-N-(4,4-dimethyl-(2-CHPh)oxazoline)) (2) and bis-N,N′-(4,4-dimethyl-(2-pyridylmethylyl)oxazoline)Fe (3). Oxidative addition of 4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-bromophenylpropan-2-yl)oxazoline (BrPhCMe2Ox) to Ni(COD)2 provided [{κ-C,N-(o-C6H4)CMe2(COCH2CMe2N)}Ni]2(μ-Br)2 (42). With 4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-lithiophenylpropan-2-yl)oxazoline (LiPhCMe2Ox), salt (FeBr2) metathesis proved uncompetitive with oxazoline ring-opening, as exhibited by [{κ-N,O-C6H4CM...


The recently developed arthroscopic centralization for lateral meniscal extrusion has obtained satisfactory short‐term clinical and radiological results and improves the meniscus biomechanical properties. However, the effectiveness of treatment for meniscus extrusion after partial meniscectomy still requires elucidation. This study investigated the effect of centralization with modifications from a mechanical viewpoint. Porcine knee joints (N = 6) were set in a universal tester under the following conditions: (1) Intact; (2) Meniscectomy: Inner half of the posterior half meniscus was removed; (3) Extrusion: Posterior meniscus was dislocated laterally by transecting the posterior root and the meniscotibial ligament; (4) Centralization‐1: Centralization procedure using one anchor; (5) Centralization‐2: Centralization procedure using two anchors; and (6) Centralization‐ad: Centralization with capsular advancement using two anchors. Load distributions and contact pressure in the meniscus and tibial cartilage were evaluated with an axial compressive force of 200 N. After meniscectomy, the tibial cartilage load increased and that of the medial margin of the posterior part of the meniscus decreased. When the meniscus was extruded, the load was concentrated only on the tibial cartilage. Centralization‐1 increased the load on the meniscus, while Centralization‐2 further increased the meniscus load but decreased the tibial cartilage load. Centralization‐ad further decreased the load on the tibial plateau. The average contact pressure of the tibial cartilage was significantly higher in the Extrusion group than in the Intact group or the Centralization‐ad group. From a biomechanical viewpoint, centralization with capsular advancement was the most effective of the tested procedures for treatment for an extruded meniscus after partial meniscectomy.


Efficacy and safety of ablative fractional laser used for treatment of acne scars have been described in several studies. Recently, microneedling radiofrequency treatment has been showing promising results with low risk of side effects and rapid healing time.


The article discusses the trends and specifics of public sentiment in Russia in the 1990s-2010s; it analyzes key events of the recent years that led to the understanding of the present stage of social development as a new era of the post-Soviet period. The authors consider the interaction between the society and authorities, the role of scientific knowledge in the improvement of public administration efficiency, the development civil society, and also several promising opportunities and current issues of social science. The article presents the experience of sociological research carried out by ISEDT RAS at the regional level. The authors discuss key factors that determine the efficiency of interaction between the society and authorities and the success of Russia's further development.


The Council of Europe national cultural policy review project has functioned since l985. This presentation will present the background and the development of the project in different periods. A scientific model of evaluating national cultural policies will be presented. Some evalua tions of the whole Council of Europe national reviews project have been made and one conclusion is to make thematic studies as an addition to overall national policy reviews – that was the idea from the start. Against this background the success and the pr oblems in relation to the goals set up from the beginning will be explained. The last development of the project is that for the first time the model is being used outside Europe, namely in Vietnam. Finally, some ideas for a possible wider use of the mode l outside Europe are discussed in relation to a study commissioned by UNESCO. The hope is to get ASEAN to assume the same responsibility as the Council of Europe has had in Europe. THE START OF THE PROJECT In the 1970s ambitious national cultural policies had been developed on a broader scale in many European countries. After a period of expanding policy measures many countries had come to a point when the question of the best use of public money was raised. The word evaluation came more and more into use. Based on a growing need for evaluation of the results of the efforts, the Council of Europe started the project National cultural policy reviews. The OECD had for many years been developing a method of reviewing national education policies and research policies but had avoided the use of evaluation, finding it too ambitious. The idea was raised whether that model could also be used within the field of cultural policies.