Melanotransferrin antibody (MA) and tamoxifen (TX) were conjugated on etoposide (ETP)-entrapped solid lipid nanoparticles (ETP-SLNs) to target the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and glioblastom multiforme (GBM). MAand TX-conjugated ETP-SLNs (MA-TX-ETP-SLNs) were used to infiltrate the BBB comprising a monolayer of human astrocyte-regulated human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and to restrain the proliferation of malignant U87MG cells. TX-grafted ETP-SLNs (TXETP-SLNs) significantly enhanced the BBB permeability coefficient for ETP and raised the fluorescent intensity of calcein-AM when compared with ETP-SLNs. In addition, surface MA could increase the BBB permeability coefficient for ETP about twofold. The viability of HBMECs was higher than 86%, suggesting a high biocompatibility of MA-TX-ETP-SLNs. Moreover, the efficiency in antiproliferation against U87MG cells was in the order of MA-TX-ETP-SLNs > TX-ETP-SLNs > ETPSLNs > SLNs. The capability of MA-TX-ETP-SLNs to target HBMECs and U87MG cells during internalization was verified by immunochemical staining of expressed melanotransferrin. MA-TX-ETP-SLNs can be a potent pharmacotherapy to deliver ETP across the BBB to GBM. Database : Taylor & Francis Online Journal Title : Gene Therapy Strategies to Improve Strength and Quality of Flexor Tendon Healing Author : Jin Bo Tang MD, You Lang Zhou MS, Ya Fang Wu MD, Paul Y. Liu MD & Xiao Tian Wang MD Journal : D Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy: Accepted author version posted online: 19 Dec 2015, DOI:10.1517/14712598.2016.1134479 Abstract : Introduction: Rupture of the repair and adhesion around a tendon are two major problems after tendon surgery. Novel biological therapies which enhance healing and reduce adhesions are goals of many investigations. Gene therapy offers a new and promising approach to tackle these difficult problems. In the past decade, we sought to develop methods to augment tendon healing and reduce tendon adhesion through gene therapy. Introduction: Rupture of the repair and adhesion around a tendon are two major problems after tendon surgery. Novel biological therapies which enhance healing and reduce adhesions are goals of many investigations. Gene therapy offers a new and promising approach to tackle these difficult problems. In the past decade, we sought to develop methods to augment tendon healing and reduce tendon adhesion through gene therapy. Areas covered: This review discusses the methods and results of adeno-associated viral (AAV) type 2 vector gene therapy to increase tendon healing strength and reduce adhesions in a chicken model. Micro-RNA related gene therapy is also discussed. We also developed a controlled release system, which incorporates nanoparticles to deliver micro-RNAs to regulate tendon healing. Expert opinion: We obtained promising results of enhancement of tendon healing strength in a chicken model using AAV2-mediated gene transfer. AAV2-mediated micro-RNA transfer also limited adhesions around the tendon. Controlled release systems incorporating nanoparticles have ideally delivered genes to the healing tendons and resulted in a moderate (but incomplete) reduction of adhesions. It remains to be determined what the best doses are and what other factors are in play in adhesion formation. These are two targets in our future investigations. Database : Taylor & Francis Online Journal Title : Peptide micelle-mediated curcumin delivery for protection of islet β-cells under hypoxia Author : Jaesik Han, Jungju Oh, Sung Hee Ihm & Minhyung Lee Journal : Journal of Drug Targeting: Accepted author version posted online: 20 Dec 2015, DOI:10.3109/1061186X.2015.1132220 Abstract : Islet transplantation is one of many therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes. During transplant procedures, the isolated islets are subject to hypoxic conditions, and undergo the apoptotic process. Curcumin has a cytoprotective effect, and may therefore be useful for the protection of islets under hypoxia. However, curcumin is hydrophobic, and an efficient curcumin carrier is required for effective treatment. In this study, R3V6 peptide micelles, composed of a 3-arginine stretch and a 6-valine stretch, were evaluated as a curcumin carrier to INS-1 insulinoma cells. Curcumin was loaded into R3V6 micelles at a weight ratio of 10:3 (R3V6: curcumin). The size and surface charge of the curcumin-loaded R3V6 micelles (R3V6-curcumin) were approximately 250 nm and 17.49 mV, respectively. R3V6-curcumin delivered curcumin to the INS-1 cells more efficiently than either curcumin alone or a simple mixture of R3V6 and curcumin. MTT assay indicated that under hypoxia, R3V6-curcumin protected INS-1 cells more efficiently than curcumin alone. TUNEL and reactive oxygen speicies (ROS) assays suggested that R3V6curcumin reduced INS-1 cell apoptosis under hypoxia. These results demonstrate that R3V6 peptide micelles are an effective carrier of curcumin, and that R3V6curcumin may improve the viability of pancreatic β-cells in islet transplantation. Islet transplantation is one of many therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes. During transplant procedures, the isolated islets are subject to hypoxic conditions, and undergo the apoptotic process. Curcumin has a cytoprotective effect, and may therefore be useful for the protection of islets under hypoxia. However, curcumin is hydrophobic, and an efficient curcumin carrier is required for effective treatment. In this study, R3V6 peptide micelles, composed of a 3-arginine stretch and a 6-valine stretch, were evaluated as a curcumin carrier to INS-1 insulinoma cells. Curcumin was loaded into R3V6 micelles at a weight ratio of 10:3 (R3V6: curcumin). The size and surface charge of the curcumin-loaded R3V6 micelles (R3V6-curcumin) were approximately 250 nm and 17.49 mV, respectively. R3V6-curcumin delivered curcumin to the INS-1 cells more efficiently than either curcumin alone or a simple mixture of R3V6 and curcumin. MTT assay indicated that under hypoxia, R3V6-curcumin protected INS-1 cells more efficiently than curcumin alone. TUNEL and reactive oxygen speicies (ROS) assays suggested that R3V6curcumin reduced INS-1 cell apoptosis under hypoxia. These results demonstrate that R3V6 peptide micelles are an effective carrier of curcumin, and that R3V6curcumin may improve the viability of pancreatic β-cells in islet transplantation. Database : Taylor & Francis Online Journal Title : Is early rehabilitation a myth? Physical inactivity in the first week after myocardial infarction and stroke Author : Sarah Lay, Julie Bernhardt, Tanya West, Leonid Churilov, Anthony Dart, Kate Hayes & Toby B. Cumming Journal : Disability and Rehabilitation: Published online: 18 Dec 2015, DOI:10.3109/09638288.2015.1106598 Abstract : Purpose: To compare physical activity levels of patients in the first week after myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Method: We conducted an observational study using behavioural mapping. MI patients were consecutively recruited from Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. Data for stroke patients (Royal Perth Hospital or Austin Hospital, Melbourne) were retrieved from an existing database. Patients were observed for 1 min every 10 min from 8 am to 5 pm. At each observation, the patient's highest level of physical activity, location and people present were recorded. Details of physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions were recorded by the therapists. Results: Proportion of the day spent physically inactive was lower in MI (n = 32, median 48%) than stroke (n = 125, median 59%) patients, but this difference was not significant in univariate or multivariate (adjusting for age, walking ability and days post-event) regression. Time spent physically active was higher in MI (median 23%) than stroke (median 10%) patients (p = 0.009), but this difference did not survive multivariate adjustment (p = 0.67). More stroke patients (78%) than MI patients (19%) participated in therapy. Conclusions: This study provides the first objective data on physical activity levels of acute MI patients. While they were more active than acute stroke patients, the difference was largely attributable to walking ability. Implications for rehabilitation In the first week after myocardial infarction, patients spent about half the day physically inactive (even though 81% were able to walk independently). Similar levels of inactivity were seen in a comparable cohort of acute stroke patients, suggesting that environmental factors play an important role. There appears to be wide scope for increasing levels of physical rehabilitation after acute cardiovascular events, though optimal timing and dose remain unclear. Purpose: To compare physical activity levels of patients in the first week after myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Method: We conducted an observational study using behavioural mapping. MI patients were consecutively recruited from Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. Data for stroke patients (Royal Perth Hospital or Austin Hospital, Melbourne) were retrieved from an existing database. Patients were observed for 1 min every 10 min from 8 am to 5 pm. At each observation, the patient's highest level of physical activity, location and people present were recorded. Details of physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions were recorded by the therapists. Results: Proportion of the day spent physically inactive was lower in MI (n = 32, median 48%) than stroke (n = 125, median 59%) patients, but this difference was not significant in univariate or multivariate (adjusting for age, walking ability and days post-event) regression. Time spent physically active was higher in MI (median 23%) than stroke (median 10%) patients (p = 0.009), but this difference did not survive multivariate adjustment (p = 0.67). More stroke patients (78%) than MI patients (19%) participated in therapy. Conclusions: This study provides the first objective data on physical activity levels of acute MI patients. While t


Objective To examine the approaches of hysterectomies and their indications. Methods Hospital discharge record data on hysterectomies performed in Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital from 1996 to 2006 were retrieved. Cases were classified into three groups: abdominal, laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomy. Operative indications for hysterectomy were analyzed retrospectively and compared with data in literatures. Results Records of 10155 women who underwent hysterectomies due to benign or certain malignant gynecological conditions were analyzed. Operations included abdominal (70.9%), laparoscopic (20.6%) and vaginal (8.5%) hysterectomy. The proportion of laparoscopic hysterectomy increased from 2.4% in 1996 to 25.4% in 2006. The common indications for hysterectomy were uterine leiomyoma (53.3%~56.2%), endometriosis including adenomyosis (17.5%~19.1%), benign ovarian tumor (7.8%~9.2%), and genital prolapse (7.6%~7.7%). Compared with 1996~2001, more patients with cervical lesion and endometrial lesion received standard total hysterectomy and more treated via laparoscope. Conclusion Laparoscopic hysterectomy has been increasingly used in PUMC hospital, with similar operative indications to abdominal hysterectomy. Increasing number of patients with cervical and endometrial lesions receive standard total hysterectomy and are treated more via laparoscope.


FrontPage 98, a software for designing web pages, supports the editing ways. The user is in a position to design feature-packed web pages without profound technical knowledge in the field of web pages design. Once mastering its applying techniques, the user can make his/her pages colorful and animated. This is the special effects design for FrontPage 98's web pages.


Objective Studying the effect of different-designed air-conditioning on reducing the density offormaldehyde in the human anatomy laboratory.MethodsInstalling two types of air-conditioning,unit air-conditioner(type A) and technological air-conditioner(type B)in the same laboratory,calculate the indoor cooling load and determine the strength of ventilation and exhalation of the technological air-conditioner.Collecting three different air samples on type A,type B and off them,then compare the density of formaldehyde in these different conditions.ResultsThe density of formaldehyde in the human anatomy laboratory differs respectively.ConclusionType B is superior to Type A in reducing the density of formaldehyde.


The underground space in urban areas is congested with structures, including pipelines, which are affected by underground construction such as tunneling. This paper investigates the problem of tunneling effects on buried pipelines, using finite difference code FLAC3D. A 3D numerical pipe-soil model is developed and tunneling effect is simulated with settlement troughs which are applied at the bottom of model. 2D and 3D settlement troughs are adopted respectively to study the pipeline behavior at the final state of tunneling and in the process of tunneling. A series of numerical parametric studies is performed to analyze various combinations of settlement profiles, joint stiffness, pipe material properties and soil properties. The results are summarized and presented in a normalized plot of relative joint-pipe stiffness, relative pipe-soil stiffness, joints spacing and relative position between joints and tunnel, which are validated with an analytical approach given by Klar et al. Effect of tunneling orientation relative to pipeline is also explored. The results indicate it might be un-conservative if the analysis only considers the final state of tunneling as the critical state but neglects the variation of stress in the process of tunneling. © 2014 Korean Geotechnical Society.


Abstract : The program consisted of the design and development of special purpose interface equipment to enable the Inertialess Scanned Weather Radar Antenna to be integrated with Radar Set AN/APN-158. The interface equipment was comprised of special purpose digital-to-analog conversion circuits to enable the digital azimuth scan number to drive the X and Y sweep circuits of the PPI indicator. The interface also contained D.C. power supplies and timing buffer circuits to synchronize the operation of the two groups of equipment. The report described the principal circuits in detail, and summarizes the results of the operational tests performed on the integrated system. (Author)


A control system and a dynamic system of some tracked vehicle are modelled based on Matlab and RecurDyn respectively,and the two models are co-simulated with the RecurDyn /control interface to establish an exact dynamic system model,and load the control system dynamicly.Simultaneously,it provides a new method for the simulation of the tracked vehicle electric system and a more effective technique support for establishing a precise control strategy.


The effi cient utilization of fossil energy in power generation together with low pollution in conventional thermal power plants is a topic that is gaining interest internationally. The energy availability and sustainability scenario is an area of growing interest and demand in many countries worldwide due to the greater desire to enhance standards of living, increase productivity and preserve a clean environment. Effi cient energy use is favorable for better productivity, product quality, costs, and quality of human life but the use of energy adversely impacts our environment. The fundamental concepts of power generation had been refi ned to enhance the power generation effi ciency through the use of modern techniques of waste heat recovery and co-generation. This chapter summarizes the basic power cycles in steam power plants and outlines the various methods of improvement. The main goal of effi cient power generation is, among others, to rationalize the use of fossil fuels and enhance the combustion effi ciencies. This is outlined in this chapter through a review of the various combustion modeling techniques for furnace fl ames under steady and time dependent confi gurations. The ability of numerical computations to predict the boiler furnace thermal behavior is an ultimate goal. The heat transfer to furnace walls through thermal radiation is reviewed briefl y to demonstrate the present capabilities. Boiler furnace walls are subject to the major problems of fouling that result in deterioration of the performance and drastic reduction of the heat transfer characteristics. This work briefl y highlights the fouling problem in power plant water walls and proposes a monitoring, inspection, and maintenance schedule. The information provides a quick guide on the commonly faced operation problems and methods to enhance energy conversion effi ciency. www.witpress.com, ISSN 1755-8336 (on-line) WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, Vol , © 20 WIT Press 42 08 doi:10.2495/978-1-84564/ 062 0 04 100 Thermal Engineering in Power Systems


With T-S fuzzy dynamical model approximating to a non-linear system, the nonlinear system can be divided into some local linear models. A variable structure controller based on Lyapunov theories is designed to guarantee the global stability of the T-S fuzzy model. The synchronization problem of chaotic system can be solved by means of the proposed fuzzy control. It is shown the validity of the proposed fuzzy control method with the simulating result of two chaotic systems.


Boldine, a major aporphine alkaloid found in the Chilean boldo tree, is a potent antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in renovascular hypertension (RVH). The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial to the development and progression of hypertensive renal damage and TGF-β is closely associated with the activation of RAS. In the present study, we assessed the effect of boldine on the progression of kidney disease using the 2K1C hypertension model and identifying mediators in the RAS, such as TGF-β, that could be modulated by this alkaloid. Toward this hypothesis, rats (n = 5/group) were treated with boldine (50 mg/kg/day, gavage) for six weeks after 2K1C surgery (pressure ≥ 180 mmHg). Kidney function was evaluated by measuring of proteinuria/creatininuria ratio (U prot/U Crea), oxidative stress (OS) by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The evolution of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was followed weekly. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col III were used as markers of kidney damage; ED-1 and osteopontin (OPN) were used as markers of inflammation. We also explored the effect in RAS mediators, such as ACE-1 and TGF-β. Boldine treatment reduced the UProt/UCrea ratio, plasma TBARS, and slightly reduced SBP in 2K1C hypertensive rats, producing no effect in control animals. In 2K1C rats treated with boldine the levels of α-SMA, Col III, ED-1, and OPN were lower when compared to 2K1C rats. Boldine prevented the increase in ACE-1 and TGF-β in 2K1C rats, suggesting that boldine reduces kidney damage. These results suggest that boldine could potentially be used as a nutraceutic.


System verification and hazard analysis procedures on critical systems are traditionally carried out in separate stages of product development and by different teams of engineers. Safety and hazard analyses have for several decades been based on techniques such as fault tree analysis (FTA), whereas system verification is carried out by testing and simulation. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in application of formal methods for detecting design errors at early development stages. In this paper we propose a technique whereby both safety correctness proofs and reliability analysis, like FTA, can be performed on one design model: a model of the system in propositional logic and integer arithmetic. An obvious benefit is that the two parallel activities take place in the development process in a natural manner, and using a common model. The model is used for performing FTA-like analysis without building the fault-tree. We describe the application with examples from the aerospace domain and show how the theorem prover NP-Tools can be used to combine the two types of analysis.


We introduce a weakly coupled photonic crystal waveguide as a promising and realistic model for all-optical amplification. A symmetric pillar type coupled photonic crystal waveguide consisting of dielectric rods periodically distributed in a free space is proposed as all-optical amplifier. Using, the unique features of the photonic crystals to control and guide the light, we have properly chosen the frequency at which only one mode (odd mode) becomes the propagating mode in the coupled photonic crystal waveguide, whereas another mode (even mode) is completely reflected from the guiding structure. Under this condition, the all-optical amplification is fully realized. The amplification coefficient for the continuous signal and the Gaussian pulse is calculated.


It should be possible to determine what type of propeller is being used from the structural features of the low frequency line spectrum of the propeller's cavitation noise.In order to make this possible,it was necessary to improve the model for cavitation noise of propellers,accommodating non-equality of the blades and the non-strict periodicity of the cavitation process.In addition,the mean power-spectrum of propeller cavitation noise was derived.Typical structural features of the cavitation spectrum were discussed,including times when the ship encounters large waves or near field interference exists.The results showed that typical low frequency line spectrum structures could indicate the number of blades.However,when the ship encountered large waves,there were decreased periodicity in the cavitation process and fewer harmonics in the line spectrum.The harmonic structure varied more when near field interference existed.It was therefore harder to determine the correct number of blades when the ship was in large waves or there was near field interference.


High cost of noise barrier is usually caused by improper design parameters. Based on the road traffic noise prediction model, an optimized design method of L-shaped noise barrier used in reducing noise emission from traffic flow is presented, in which cost of noise barrier is chosen as objective function, the requirement of noise reduction as acoustic constraints, and design parameters are considered comprehensively. After compared with current design methods, the advantages of the new method in noise reduction and improvement in economic cost are verified. The vertical noise barrier is given to study the cost-effectiveness of L-shaped noise barrier, in term of the analysis, a choice of barrier type can be made by the method, and its results are instructive to the selection of the design parameters and shape of barrier.


An early undergraduate research program for rising sophomores and juniors at risk of leaving STEM degree programs is described. Students are paid a stipend to work part-time, at a maximum of twenty hours per week, as part of a research team. Faculty researchers are not financially compensated for working with students. The program successfully brings together STEM departments to target students who are at risk of leaving their major. Initial results demonstrate a positive influence of undergraduate research in retaining STEM majors and improvements in Student Assessment of Learning Gains. Future work, including institutionalization of the project, is discussed.


(Larner and Hancock 2014) showed a small net loss ( 0.13) for m-ACE versus MMSE (at cutoff ≤24/30) for dementia diagnosis, with an equivalent increase of 22 cases of dementia detected per 1000 tested, but a large net benefit for MCI diagnosis (0.38) with an equivalent increase of 133 cases of MCI detected per 1000 tested. At the cutoffs specified in the index paper, for dementia diagnosis (Table 1, left hand columns), m-ACE was very sensitive (1.00, 0.92) but not very specific (0.28, 0.61); sensitivity and specificity for MMSE (cutoff ≤24/30) were 0.92 (surprisingly high) and 0.72. For MCI diagnosis (Table 1, right hand columns), m-ACE was both sensitive (0.77) and specific (0.82) at the lower cutoff; figures for MMSE (cutoff ≤24/30) were 0.54 and 0.86. This study showed that m-ACE is quick, easy to use and score, and acceptable to patients. At prespecified cutoffs, its performance for dementia diagnosis was comparable with MMSE and better for diagnosis of MCI. In summary, m-ACE appears to be an acceptable alternative to MMSE for the initial assessment of cognitive complaints in a dedicated cognitive disorders clinic. Conflict of interest


The old industrial base is lying in Northeast China. Although boasting many advantages such as talents, resources, transportation, environment. the region still have many disadvantages that needs opening up and reform. Revitalizing the Northeast region is an important task for China to built well-off society in an all-round way in the new cen-


The goal of this paper is to classify pairs of Morse functions in general position modulo the action of different groups.
In particular, we obtain the classification of generic pairs of Morse functions, with or without target diffeomorphisms, and that of quotients of Morse functions.
We will also present a lemma which gives a sufficient condition for two pairs of functions to be conjugated.


Narco-analysis was started almost seven years back in India, and was also accompanied by the increased use of lie-detection testing used on criminals. It was not taken up by human-rights organisations until 2007 when radical activists were arrested and subjected to narco-analysis. There are four components in the human right or legal definition of torture: the first that torture produces physical/mental suffering and is a degrading treatment. The second that it is always intentionally inflicted; the third that it is inflicted for certain purposes such as getting information, confession, etc., and the fourth that it is inflicted by an official actor oran actor acting on behalf of an official. In arco-analysis, all those four components are satisfied. Narco-analysis produces torture as clearly as the lethal injection produces death. Narco-analysis is eroding the very ethical core of the medical profession. [22nd Ramanadhan Memorial Meeting-PUDR]


A distributed temporal and spatial aggregation scheme for privacy-preserving smart metering is presented. This scheme preserves the privacy of fine-grained utility usage data of individual users while reporting: 1) spatially aggregated utility usage data of a community at fine-grained time steps (e.g., minutes) and 2) temporally aggregated utility usage data of individual users to the utility company over a billing period (e.g., a month). Each meter privately partitions the fine-grained utility data into  $k$  partitions and sends them to (homomorphically encrypted)  $k-1$  pairwise smart meters in the community, while keeping the remaining for itself. A smart meter will report to the aggregator, a locally aggregated usage amount of its own and of all its pairwise nodes at the fine-grained time scale allowing community-wide spatial aggregation at the aggregator without revealing individual fine-grained usage data. A smart meter will temporally aggregate usage data from each of its pairwise nodes and transmit it to the aggregator where the overall temporal aggregation will be performed by each smart meter. Our scheme not only can prevent privacy theft from external attackers but also is resilient to internal attacks by a subset of smart meters or even colluding gateway aggregator and the control center. This is a distinct advantage of our scheme over existing works without incurring any computation and communication overheads.


Importance: Previous reports have suggested reductions in mortality risk from COVID-19 throughout the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality changes later in the pandemic and pandemic effects on other types of geriatric hospitalizations are less studied. Objectives: To describe the changes in hospitalizations and 30-day mortality in Stockholm for patients 70+ receiving inpatient geriatric care for COVID-19 and other causes. Design: Observational study. For patients 70 or older, we present the incidence of 30-day mortality from COVID-19 in the Stockholm region, in relationship to geriatric hospitalizations and 30-day mortality after admission for COVID-19 and other causes. Setting: Hospitalizations for patients 70+ from geriatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden hospitalized for COVID-19 or other causes between March 2020 and July 31, 2021, were included. Participants: The total number of geriatric hospitalizations for patients 70+ was 5,320 for COVID-19 and 32,243 for non-COVID-19 causes, corresponding to 4,565 individual COVID-19 patients and 19,308 non-COVID-19 patients. Exposure(s): The date of hospital admission to a geriatric clinic. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): 30-day mortality after admission. Results: In patients with COVID-19, the 30-day mortality rate was highest at the beginning of the first wave (29% in March-April 2020), decreased as the first wave subsided (7% July-August), increased again in the second wave (17% November-December), but failed to increase as much in the third wave (11-13% March-July 2021). In non-COVID-19 geriatric patients during the same period, the 30-day mortality presented a similar trend, but with a smaller magnitude of variation (5 to 10%). The number of persons 70 or older testing positive for COVID-19 in Stockholm reached two peaks in 2020 (April and December), fell in January 2021 and then increased again in March-April 2021. Conclusions and Relevance: During the first and second waves, hospital admissions and 30-day mortality after geriatric hospitalization for COVID-19 increased in periods of high community transmission, although the mortality peak was lower in wave 2 than in wave 1. The mortality for non-COVID geriatric cases was lower and more stable but also showed an increase with the pandemic peaks.


"In this discussion, I will begin with the apparent confirmation … between Christian belief and racist behavior and explore one possible strategy which the Christian churches can use to overcome the gap between belief and behavior. The model under study here combines laboratory training methods with the content of the Christian faith as a way of developing a community of people equipped with the tools and analysis necessary to deal with personal, institutional, and cultural racism."


To ensure the classification of delicate information while supporting deduplication, the concurrent encryption capability has been proposed to scramble the information before outsourcing. This customary united encryption will be shaky for unavoidable document. To dodge the deterministic key era we utilization of open key encryption gives more adaptability for our application. The record F is scrambled with concurrent key k, while k will be encoded with Private key PK. Along these lines, cloud server can't unscramble the ciphertext. We demonstrate that the overhead presented by these new components are negligible and does not affect the general stockpiling and computational expenses.
List Terms—Deduplication; classification; Convergent Encryption Technique; Public-key Encryption; Cryptosystem


After having revolutionized image and speech processing, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are now starting to become more and more successful in music information retrieval as well. We compare four CNN types for classifying a dataset of more than 3000 acoustic and synthesized samples of the most prominent drum set instruments (bass, snare, hi-hat). We use the Mel scale log magnitudes (MLS) as a representation for the input of the CNN. We compare the classification results of 1) a CNN (3 conv/max-pool layers and 2 fully connected layers) without drop-out and batch normalization vs. three variants, 2) with drop-out, 3) with batch normalization (BN), and 4) with both drop-out and BN. The CNNs with BN yield the best classification results (97% accuracy).


ABSTRACT Widespread multiple mobile agents (MAs) algorithms for wireless sensor networks use MAs itineraries starting and returning back to the sink node. Furthermore, each MA must carry the processing code to collect the sensory data and go back to the sink with the accumulated data. However, these assumptions increase the number of MA's migration hops, which consequently consumes more energy and time. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a Cooperative and Hybrid Energy Efficient SchemE for wireless sensor networks (CHEESE) that aims to soften the substantial increase in energy and time cost, used in the data transporting process. To do this, the sink node of the proposed approach 'CHEESE' sends only one main MA to the target area in the network. Then this main MA, will be hosted by a virtual sink in the target area, which will generate multiple MAs to collect and aggregate data. By the end of all MAs processes, the virtual sink gathers all the MAs data, aggregates and fuses them to send only the pertinent information to the sink. Moreover, CHEESE uses light MAs itineraries by browsing only a part of source nodes. CHEESE simulation results have effectively confirmed its efficiency in many scenarios.


The existence of long memory in stocks shows that the market is not efficient in a weak form and leads the market participants to predict the movements of the stock market. In this study, the existence of long memory in the variance of the return series (financial, industrial, service and technology) of the Borsa Istanbul sector indices is investigated by considering daily data for the period 30.07.2000-12.03.2021. For this purpose, FIGARCH, FIEGARCH, FIAPARCH and HYGARCH models are applied to four indices of Borsa Istanbul. The results reveal that the four indices have long memory properties, in other words, the indices are not efficient in weak form. In addition, it has been determined that positive shocks have a stronger effect on volatility than negative shocks in all indices. The results will assist current or potential investors, portfolio managers and policy makers in understanding the dynamic nature of long memory in the stock market.


Objective:To study the significance of renal vascular lesions in adult patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN)and the influencing factors on the development of RVL.Methods:238 IgAN patients were divided into four subgroups according to renal vascular lesions.They were no renal vascular lesions(NRVL,n=195) ,immuno complex deposits in glomerular capillary wall(ICDC,n=19) ,vasculitis(VAS,n=3) and arteriosclerosis(AS,n=21) .The relationships between and clinicopathologic features in those patients were restrospectively analyzed. Results:43cases (18. 1%) were found to have renal vascular lesions.The occurrence of AS,ICDC and 8. 8%,8. 0% and 1. 3%,respective- ly.The incidence of nephrotic syndrome,focal segemental glomerular sclerosis(FsGs) and high percentage glomerular sclerosis(≥50%)in ICDC group was higher than that in NRVL group.The incidence of hypertension,anemia renal insufficiency and FsGs in AS group was higher than that in NRVL group.The degree of renal tubulointerstitial lesions in AS group was higher than that in NRVL group and ICDC group.Single variable analysis showed that age(≥30years),hypertensin,the type of renal demage,the degree of renal tubulointerstitial le- sion(TIL) and the level of serum creatinine(≥132. 6μmol/L)were the influencing factors on the development of RVL.Conclusion:Renal vascular lesions are not uncommon in adult patients with IgAN.Its development may be associated with many factors including age,hyper- tension,the degress of renal lesion and renal functional status.The patients with Renal vascular lesions have more serious renal lesion.The degree of TIL in patients with AS is more serious and the prognosis of patients with AS is poor.


PURPOSE: To test mutual connection between integrated circuits in an environment of mixed presence of signals by connecting electronic parts of each IC selectively to test buses by multiple switches, and feeding a programmable constant current to the parts to specify the value of the parts from voltage generated to the buses. CONSTITUTION: Part of a circuit tester is mounted on a circuit in order to measure mutual connection between mixed signal ICs 16, 18 and to measure resistances R6-11, capacities C1-3, and the like. The ICs 16, 18 are respectively provided with TAP control circuits 24, 26, and TCK and TMS are inputted to control a data register 28. The register 28 has stages 30-44 and 46-60 so as to control multiple elements 70-100 respectively provided with a pair of switches. That is, passive parts mounted on the circuit board are selectively connected to an input-output conductor of a main analog circuit 20 or 22 or test buses 102, 104. A constant current from a generator 12 is then fed to the passive parts, and analog voltage generated to the output end of a amplifier 10 is A/D-converted 14 and sent to a CPU 120.


The dermatological manifestations of the symptomatic form of porphyria cutanea tarda recorded to date include hyperpigmentation, blistering, excessive skin fragility and hypertrichosis. H yperpigmentation of exposed skin, and also in some cases of hair, is a common presenting complaint and may vary from slight duskiness to the very deep pigmentation observed in the Turkish outbreak (Brunsting et at., 1951; Eales, 1960; Cann and Nigogosyan, 1963). Oedema and blistering of exposed areas after sunlight is also a common and distressing complaint, particularly if it is followed by scarring (MacGregor et al., 1952). Excessive fragility and blister formation after minor trauma on non-exposed areas may also be present (Holti et al., 1958). Hirsutes is another recorded manifestation, in particular growth of excessive hair between the lateral end of the eyebrow and the hair margin. In males excessive growth of beard hair is occasionally commented on (Brunsting, 1954).


Summary: A complex rating scale has been used to evaluate the verbal communication skills of health professionals before and after training. The scale has been modified in order to decrease the useage time, to improve its accuracy and to develop a rating tool available to teachers. This paper describes the process of the modification and discusses the consequent validation of the scale.


One method of assessing the confidence in modeled features is to compare the results from different inversion schemes. I use synthetic traveltimes calculated from a model of an unconfined aquifer to determine the reliability of crosshole tomography. I compare the inverted models from straight and curved ray approximations to wave propagation. I investigate the effects of added random noise, regularization, the starting model, and the reference model on the curved ray inversion method. I also investigate the effects of different grid sizes for the forward model and of limited ray coverage through the earth model. Understanding the effects of these different methods and parameterizations will help place confidence limits on modeled features to more accurately reflect our knowledge of the subsurface. Straight or curved ray approximations to wave propagation resulted in similar models. However, the resolution estimates are substantially different and would lead to different assessments of the model reliabilit...


Multi-chip phase shifters with universal reflective MMICs are presented. These consist of ultra broad-band reflective MMICs flip-chip mounted onto a microwave passive substrate containing 3-dB hybrid couplers. Using the same reflective MMICs, we can change the operating bandwidth of the phase shifter only by shifting the center frequency of3-dB hybrid couplers. The fabricated L-C, C and X band 4-bit phase shifters successfully show very good performances. According to the concept, microwave phase shifters that can operate in various frequency ranges are available with low cost.


Extant research demonstrates that police investigators are traditionally offenderfocused, in that the main aim of a police investigation is to bring the Person of Interest (POI) to justice. Within such a working environment, the victim is a source of evidence and often almost a secondary concern when considering their individual risk, their motivation and involvement in interaction prior to the crime perpetrated against them. In the past 25 years Australian police have been able to solve, on average, 88% of all reported homicides. This study was designed to discover factors that could potentially increase this percentage. The main aim of this thesis was to discover if there were any solvability factors, related specifically to the victim, that could inform the investigators of 'why this victim, this time, this crime'. Once numerous solvability factors were identified via an extensive literature review, the second stage of the thesis statistically tested them for predictability, using categorical regression. When that testing was complete, the third and final stage of the research was completed to discover if there were any further solvability factors that could be identified, via reviewing 40 Briefs of Evidence (BoE), provided by the NSW State Crime Command Homicide Squad. This study is the first of its size in Australia and its results, although specific to New South Wales (NSW), could be extrapolated to the rest of the nation due to the socio-demographic range within NSW. Combining all these tested and verified solvability factors created the Applied Victimology Matrix. This matrix is the outcome of this PhD research and HOMICIDE SOLVABILITY AND APPLIED VICTIMOLOGY iv creates a much greater focus on the victim that goes beyond individual and psychological factors, and essentially is the process of identifying the victim's lifestyle, risk factors, specific personal traits, life goals and behaviour, and their direct impact or involvement on the crime that sees them harmed. Hence, it widens the parameters of the investigation to include more sociological factors of the victim's life to assist the police to manage the victim throughout the process of the investigation, identify lines of investigative enquiry, and create a more detailed Brief of Evidence (BoE). This is the first research of its kind and size using mixedmethodologies in Australia, and some of the findings contradict extant research and previous literature on homicide solvability. HOMICIDE SOLVABILITY AND APPLIED VICTIMOLOGY v I certify that this thesis does not incorporate, without acknowledgment, any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any other university; and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. ___________________________ 25 August 2015 Amber C. McKinley Dated HOMICIDE SOLVABILITY AND APPLIED VICTIMOLOGY vi ...For the murder police in the field, it is not only the body lying before them that has to be dealt with but also what they carry on their backs, which is the entire hierarchy of bosses who answer to bosses – the weight of bureaucratic self-preservation. Despite the over popularisation of CSI-style forensic advances, at times it must seem like the only reliable science for these investigators at the bottom of the food chain is the physics of careerism, which simply and reliably states that once a murder hits the papers or touches any kind of political nerve, the shit will always roll downhill. The best of them – those who more often than not, under great if superfluous pressure, turn the red names on the board to black – are left with an air of world-weariness and well-earned elitist pride (Richard Price, cited in Simon [2006], p. xiii). HOMICIDE SOLVABILITY AND APPLIED VICTIMOLOGY vii


This paper analyses whether and how agglomeration economies – related variety, specialisation and urbanisation – affect the export performance of Italian local labour markets (LLM). Adopting spatial econometric techniques, and controlling for potential non-linear effects, we find that related variety has a negligible effect on LLMs' export intensity, while the effect of specialisation economies is negative. On the contrary, urbanisation economies positively affect export intensity. The robustness of these results is tested and confirmed using an alternative (institutional-based) spatial weights matrix.


In this paper, we propose the docking speed profile for speed controller of bimodal tram. The precision stop of vehicles is important at the bus stop for passengers. The Korea Rail road Research Institute (KRRI) is developing the bimodal tram. The bimodal tram is all wheel steered single articulated vehicle and will be equipped with the automated control systems. The key technology of the systems is longitudinal and lateral vehicle control algorithm. The longitudinal control is concerned with traction control and brake control of the vehicle and the lateral control is concerned with steering control. First, a longitudinal vehicle model is introduced for traction and brake. Then, a speed profile is designed with satisfying the specifications of a vehicle. The sliding mode controller is used for the speed control. The performance for precision stop is shown by simulation results.


The retina/choroid structure is an example of a complex biological target featuring highly perfused tissues and vessel flows both near the surface and at some depth. Laser speckle imaging can be used to image blood flows but static scattering paths present a problem for extracting quantifiable data. The speckle contrast is artificially increased by any residual specular reflection and light paths where no moving scatterers are encountered. Here we present results from phantom experiments demonstrating that the static and dynamic contributions to laser speckle contrast can be separated when camera exposures of varying duration are used. The stationary contrast parameter follows the thickness and strength of the overlying scatterer while the dynamic proportion of the scatter resulting from vessel flows and Brownian motion is unchanged. The importance of separating the two scatter components is illustrated by in vivo measurements from a scarred human retina, where the effect of the un-perfused scar tissue can be decoupled from the dynamic speckle from the intact tissue beneath it.


Abstract One of the most common stomatognathic system dysfunctions on the skeletal level is the maxilla's narrowing. It is distinguished by front-teeth crowding, protrusion of the lower teeth past the front teeth, as well as a high-arched palate. The key method of orthodontic treatment of this pathology is applying dental braces with the palatal extension system working on the skeletal level. The most popular device is the Biederman appliance with the Hyrax screw, designed before the era of technological progress. As a result, the aim of the project was to present new constructional solutions for devices applied in cases of quick palatal suture expansion. Two biocompatible material solutions were prepared for the key part of the device – the screw. A comparative tension analysis with the use of two titanium alloys (Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V) has been performed by means of the finite-element method.


Due to the extensive usage of technology in many languages throughout the world, interest in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Code-Switching (CS) in speech has grown in recent years. Several studies have shown that End-to-End (E2E) ASR is easier to adopt and works much better in monolingual settings. E2E systems are likewise widely recognised for re-quiring massive quantities of labelled speech data. Since there is a scarcity in the availability of large amount of CS speech, E2E ASR takes longer computation time and does not offer promising results. In this work, an E2E ASR model system using a transformer-transducer architecture is introduced for code-switched Hindi-English speech, and also addressed training data scarcity by leveraging the vastly available monolingual data. Specifically, the language-specific modules in the Transformer are pre-trained by leveraging the vastly available single language speech datasets. The proposed method also provides a Word Error Rate (WER) of 29.63% and Transliterated Word Error Rate (T-WER) of 27.42% which is better than the state-of-the-art by 2.19% .


Abstract The aim of this study was the production of high numbers of M. anisopliae blastospores with enhanced germination efficiency under conditions of water-stress (ecological fitness). Different nitrogen sources and concentrations were screened for their ability to induce blastospore production while keeping pH and water activity (a w) at fixed levels (6.8, and 0.98 a w, respectively). After optimum nitrogen status was determined (cornsteep solid (CS) + yeast extract (YE); or cottonseed flour (CF) + YE), the effect of interaction of nitrogen source, pH (3.5, 5, 6.8, 8, 9 and 10) and solutes for a w adjustment (KCl, NaCl, PEG 200) on blastospore production, endogenous polyol content (glycerol, erythritol, arabitol and mannitol) and total protein, were determined. For both ionic (NaCl, KCl) and non-ionic solutes (PEG 200), optimum blastospore production (between 4×107 and 2×108 blastospores ml−1) and growth occurred in the pH range 6.8–8, with the CF + YE nitrogen profile giving higher yields than CS + YE. Optimum conditions for high erythritol and total protein endogenous concentrations (40.37–73.44 and 14.33–18.90 mg g−1 fresh weight, respectively) occurred between pH 6.8 and 8 by ionic aw modification (KCl, NaCl) and with the CF + YE nitrogen profile. Germination of blastospores produced under these cultural conditions was between 62 and 89% under conditions of water-stress (0.96 a w). On the other hand, blastospores with lower amounts of erythritol and total protein content had decreased germination (8–67%). These results could have significant implications for developing a liquid fermentation medium for the production of high numbers of fungal propagules with enhanced efficacy under non-optimum environmental conditions.


Two general methods are reported for the preparation of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,2,4]-thiadiazolium salts 4 from 4-amino-2,4-dihydro-2-methyl-5-(methylthio)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione (1). The first one involves the initial formation of arylidene derivatives 2 which undergo cyclization by the action of phosphorus pentachloride; the second one is based on the reaction of the iminophosphorane 5 with acyl chlorides. The reaction of 5 with acyl isothiocyanates led directly to the mesoionic compounds 6.

Synthese von kationischen und mesoionischen Derivaten von 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazolen uber Iminophosphorane

1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,2,4]thiadiazolium-Salze 4 werden nach zwei allgemeinen Methoden aus 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-2-methyl-5-(methylthio)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thion (1) dargestellt. Nach der ersten Methode werden Aryliden-Derivate 2 erhalten, die mit Phosphorpentachlorid cyclisieren; die zweite Methode basiert auf der Reaktion des Iminophosphorans 5 mit Saurechloriden. Die Umsetzung von 5 mit Acylisothiocyanaten fuhrt direkt zu den mesoionischen Verbindungen 6.


Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of balloon catheter devices to dilate obstructed frontal sinus ostia or perform sinusotomy.Methods 14 patients(21 ballooned sinuses)who had frontal sinus ostia dilated with balloon catheters were evaluated 48 weeks after surgery,and sinus symptoms were determined by the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test(SNOT 20).Results Endoscopy determined that sinusotomy was present in 12 patients(19 ballooned sinuses) and stenotic in 2 patients(3 ballooned sinuses).No serious post-operative complications such as cerebrospinal rhinorrhea,vision change or diplopia occurred.24-week and 48-week SNOT-20 scores respectively showed significant improvement from baseline(1.08 vs 2.28,P0.001) and(1.17 vs 2.28,P0.001).Conclusions Besides durable clinical results,balloon catheter technology appears safe and effective in relieving ostial obstruction.Patients were pleased and indicated that they experienced significant symptomatic improvement.


Long‐lived, persistently active lava lakes are rare but have been studied extensively because they may provide a natural laboratory for studying magmatic convection in basaltic and other low‐viscosity volcanoes. However, lava lakes differ from other volcanic systems in various ways, particularly geometry: the presence of the lava lake requires a sudden and significant flaring of the conduit. The goal of this paper is to advance our understanding of the effect that a sudden increase in the conduit width has on the stability of large gas slugs and bubbles ascending from the plumbing system. We investigate this question by linking analog laboratory experiments to direct numerical simulations in two dimensions. We find that the rapid change in the geometry associated with the transition from the conduit to the lava lake causes large gas slugs to break up. The nondimensional regime over which we observe the breakup depends sensitively on the flare angle of the lava lake and the importance of inertial effects in the flow, implying that degassing‐related eruptive activity at open‐system volcanoes is sensitive to the upper conduit and lake geometries. Applying this idea to the likely geometries and viscosities of actual lava lakes, our study suggests that all lava lakes except Erebus fall well within the regime where large gas slugs are prone to breakup.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of ostimeatal complex corrective surgery (OCCS) on chronic sinusitis under nasal endoscope. Methods 50 patients (86 sides) with chronic sinusitis were treated by OCCS under nasal endoscope. Then, the therapeutic effect of this procedure was evaluated among these cases. Meanwhile, another 40 cases (70 sides) with this lesion treated by common therapy were randomly collected as controls to compare their therapeutic effect with that of treating group. Results For the cases in treating group, the curative rate was 88. 37%(76/86) and the effective rate was 11. 63% (10/86), significantly superior to that of controlling group (P0. 01 ). Conclusions OCCS can improve drainage from the sinuses and promote the recovery of nasal and sinuous physiological function so as to bring about significant therapeutic effect on the chronic inflammation in the sinuses.


Growth data of two different commercial turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) strains reared in recirculating aquaculture systems were analysed with the aim to determine the most suitable model for turbot. To assess the model performance three different criteria were used: (1) The mean percentage deviation between the estimated length and actual length; (2) the residual standard error with corresponding degrees of freedom and (3) the Akaike information criterion. The analyses were carried out for each strain separately, for sexes within strains and for a pooled data set containing both strains and sexes. We tested a pre-selection of six models, containing three to four parameters. Models were of monomolecular shape or sigmoid shape with a flexible point of inflection including the special case of monomolecular shape in defined cases of their parameters. The 4-parametric Schnute model achieved best fit in 62% of all cases and criteria tested, followed by the also 4-parametric generalized Michaelis–Menten equation in 48% and the 4-parametric Janoschek model (38%). The von Bertalanffy growth function achieved only 29%, Brody 24% and a new flexible function 19% best fit. In a 1–1000 day growth-simulation sigmoid shaped curves were produced by the Schnute model in 71% of cases. The Janoschek and the Michaelis–Menten model each produced sigmoid curves in 57% of all cases. This indicates that a flexible 4-parametric function reflects the growth curve of turbot the best and that this curve is rather sigmoid than monomolecular shaped.


Gases trapped in polar ice proved our most direct record of the changes in greenhouse gas levels during the past 150,000 years. The best documented trace-gas records are for CO[sub 2] and CH[sub 4]. The measurements corresponding to the industrial period document the recent changes in growth rate. The variability observed over the last 1000 years constrains the possible feedbacks of a climate change on the trace gases under similar conditions as exist today. Changes in the levels of greenhouse gases during the glacial-interglacial cycle overall paralleled, at least at high southern latitudes, changes in temperature; this relation suggests that greenhouse gases play an important role as an amplifier of the initial orbital forcing of Earth's climated and also helps to assess the feedbacks on the biogeochemical cycles in a climate system in which the components are changing at different rates.


Surface sealing and near-surface pore clogging results in a reduction in infiltration. Various mathematical approaches to the description of infiltration under surface sealing conditions are reviewed. The soil porosity reduction that results from the particle capture process and the governing equations for infiltration modelling as a filtration phenomenon for saturated-unsaturated flow are also presented.


A reinforced Butler building was exposed to fallout from Shots Diablo and Shasta, and the resulting dose rates and fallout deposition inside and outside the structure were measured with various instruments and techniques. Protection factors and roof and ground contributions to the total dose rates at points within the structure were determined from the measurements. Comparisons were made with the results of theoretical and other experimental studies. Information obtained from this experiment should be of value as basic experimental data for fallout protection work, although it is recommended that additional substantive data obtained under more controlled conditions.


We construct a monomorphism from the differential algebra k{x}/[x] to a Grassmann algebra endowed with a structure of a differential algebra. Using this monomorphism, we prove primality of k{x}/[x] and its algebra of differential polynomials, solve one of Ritt's problems and give a new proof of integrality of the ideal [x].


This article examines the demographic consequences of Chinas Great Leap Forward--the massive and ultimately unsuccessful drive during 1958-62 to leap ahead in production by mobilizing society and reorganizing the peasantry into large-scale communes. Severe excess mortality and massive fertility shortfalls are documented but with wide variations among provinces and between rural and urban areas. The demographic crisis was caused in the first instance by nationwide food shortages. However these are attributable to declines in grain production entitlement failure and changes in consumption patterns all of which are ultimately traceable to political and economic policies connected with the Great Leap. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)


Abstract We consider nonlinear stochastic wave equations driven by time-space white noise. The existence of solutions is proved by the method of successive approximations. Next we apply Newton's method. The main result concerning its first-order convergence is based on Cairoli's maximal inequalities for two-parameter martingales. Moreover, a second-order convergence in a probabilistic sense is demonstrated.


Golden-winged Warbler Ecology, Conservation, and Habitat Management edited by Henry M. Streby, David E. Andersen, and David A. Buehler. 2016. Studies in Avian Biology 49. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. 238 pp., 14 color and 64 black-and-white illustrations. $179.95 (hardcover), $125.97 (ebook). ISBN 978-1-4822-4068-9. Many avian biologists, conservationists, ecologists, and land managers are studiously aware of the steep population decline of the Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) during the last half-century, and many young ornithologists and their mentors have made significant contributions to the study and conservation of this species over the past 12 years. In an attempt to address and reverse the species' precipitous decline, editors Streby, Andersen, and Buehler have compiled most of the current research in this latest volume of Studies in Avian Biology. I started studying Golden-winged Warblers in 1987 and have studied the same populations every year since then. Despite my almost 30 years of study, I gained much insight from the outstanding scientific papers presented in this book, which includes analyses of breeding-site occupancy, nesting success, postfledging ecology, and habitat associations on the wintering grounds. Contributors provide recent details of the genetic research being conducted on the species, the hybridization that occurs between Golden-winged Warblers and Blue-winged Warblers (V. cyanoptera), and a synthesis of migratory connectivity among Golden-winged Warblers. A total of 40 authors contributed substantial research, presented in 14 chapters organized into four parts. Part I, on the species' global distribution and status, has an assessment of population declines and winter habitat associations. From reading this first part, I learned about the breeding distribution of Golden-winged Warblers prior to 1900 and potential conservation strategies for nonbreeding habitat of the species. It is disclosed that as of 2010, the population size of Golden-winged Warblers is estimated to be ~383,000 adult birds, with 90% of the breeding population occurring in a narrow zone across Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, and northern New York. While Part I has some detailed and critical information on the distribution and historical population declines of the species, the science within it relies too heavily on several unpublished reports and omits some of the published historical data and information from central Appalachian populations. Unfortunately, the knowledge presented on the patchy distribution of the Golden-winged Warbler in both breeding and wintering areas is based on a mosaic of methodologies and modeling, as outlined in Part I. However, the information and data, distribution maps, and historical declines and range shifts of the species


ectomy is often inevitable. Operative mortality after lobectomy is less than 2%, after pneumonectomy around 7%. Analysis of five-year survival shows 75% in experienced centres for stage I and over 50% for stage II. In patients with small cell lung carcinoma, the operation is appropriate if a tumour-like lesion in clinical stage I is being presented as peripheral nodule. However, in these cases surgical removal of the lesion is by no means the only treatment modality. In higher stages of small cell lung cancer, the indication for operation is based on individual decisions, for example when there is no remission after systemic treatment.


The economy in Taihu Basin of Jiangsu Province is developing very quickly, which has led to large increase of water demand for urban and industry use. Overexploitation of underground water has given rise to serious land subsidence. At present, the area of land subsidence in Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou has reached 5000km2. Land subsidence has great influence on the security of water supply and has increased the expanse of flood mitigation. Closing the deep wells, adjusting industrial structure, quickening the development of regional water supply and strengthening comprehensive water management are important measures to control land subsidence.


The symbiotic relationship of Grifola umbellate and Armillaria mellea is always the hot research topic in this domain.Synthesized recently research for this topic,the biological characteristics,the relationships in morphology and cytology of Grifola umbellate and Armillaria mellea were summarized.


To assess the potential applicability of bioflocculant PS-2, a bacterial extracellular polysaccharide, to wastewater treatment as a biosorbent, the biosorption of PS-2 to remove the Cu (II) ions was investigated by using batch biosorption procedure. The effects such as pH, initial metal ions concentration, biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacities of PS-2 were studied. The optimum uptake of Cu (II) ions was observed at pH 5 with a value of 76.9 mg/g, the kinetics of biosorption of Cu (II) was fast, reaching at equilibrium in 90 min. Biosorption equilibrium datas were best described by Langmuir isotherm model followed by Freundlich models. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The FTIR analysis showed that OH, C-H, C=O and COOH groups were involved in the biosorption of Cu (II) ions on PS-2, and carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups were mainly responsible for the biosorption of Cu (II). The bioflocculant PS-2 was capable of removing Cu (II) ions from wastewater.


Dental microwear texture analysis has been refined to a methodology relying upon scanning confocal microscopy for its advantages of repeatability and standardized quantification. A new instrument, the Plμ Neox (Sensofar Corp.) confocal profiler recently entered the market, sparking questions among dental anthropologists related to the advantages and efficacy of this new technology, which has better resolution and lighting properties than previously available white-lighted based confocal profilers. This thesis reports on three complementary studies that set out to evaluate the comparability of the Plμ Neox to the Plμ Standard system and assess its ability to distinguish primates on the basis of their microwear patterning. The first study examines a sample of hominin molars (Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus) for comparison with data previously scanned and analyzed on the University of Arkansas' Plμ Standard confocal microscope (Scott et al., 2005). The second study expands the sample of early hominins to determine whether an enlarged sample of A. africanus continues to show significant texture separation from P. robustus. And the third study examines extant primate microwear textures of pitheciids with known dietary differences to determine whether documented food-choice trends are reflected in microwear patterning obtained using the Plμ Neox. Examining pitheciine molar facets in the past was not possible because of their small size. The new instrument provides higher resolution (0.11 μm with a 150x objective compared to 0.18 μm at 100x on the Plμ Standard confocal), with a smaller work envelop for a comparable number of sampled points for texture analysis. Results of the first study generally correspond to the original texture analysis of 2005, and the expanded dataset in the second study shows increased variance but the same pattern of differences for A. africanus compared with P. robustus. The third study finds that the Plμ Neox is capable of parsing broad diet-related differences in microwear textures among the pitheciids, indicating that the new instrument may become an effective instrument for the quantitative characterization and comparison of dental microwear textures to be utilized in laboratories around the world. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Study III of this thesis was funded by the Leakey Foundation, with special thanks to the curators of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, The National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC, and Goeldi Museum in Belém for access to specimens in their care. Thank you to Dr. Peter Ungar for your patience, specialized tutorials, and guidance throughout the course of this project. Thank you for giving me this amazing thesis topic and the opportunity to specialize in one of the most important time periods of hominin history with a brand new piece of equipment! I am forever grateful. Thank you to Dr. Mark Teaford for sending me specimens when we could not find them in our own lab. Your generosity and patience were not unnoticed. Thank you to Dr. Fred Grine for pre-screening several specimens and providing ample sources for specimen identification. You efforts made this project much more efficient. Thank you to the Sensofar team in Spain for answering my endless stream of questions about the Plμ Neox confocal profiler. My ability to operate and adjust the Neox confocal profiler is a result of your cooperation, attentiveness, and willingness to help. Thank you to my fellow lab mates who provided a supportive and challenging environment throughout this process. Your words of wisdom will not be forgotten, and good luck as you continue your respective journeys. And thank you to my committee members for educating me throughout this process in the fields of dental anthropology and quantitative morphometrics. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to all who encouraged me along the way: to those who inspired me to stay the extra hours in an abandoned basement, and to those who gave me a reason to take a break.


OBJECTIVE
To study the cytomorphologic profile of the papillary and cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC-PCV) of the salivary glands.

STUDY DESIGN
We studied 6 aspirates from 5 cases of ACC-PCV.

RESULTS
All the cases had varied cytomorphologic features depending upon the degree of vacuolation of cells. However, common to all was a papillary pattern and a cystic fluid background with or without mucin blobs; that led to misdiagnosing the tumor as mucoepidermoid carcinoma on 2 occasions. The smears showed papillary fragments, sheets or clusters of vacuolated/histiocyte like cells and granular cells. The histiocytelike cells resembled macrophages, with finely vacuolated cytoplasm and an eccentrically placed nucleus with frequent binucleation. Vascular cores were seen in a few aspirates. The granular cells were similar to those seen in the usual acinic cell carcinoma but were smaller. The tumor did not show any acinar pattern and lacked naked nuclei in the background. In 4 aspirates finely distributed, brown hemosiderin pigment was detected in the vacuolated cells.

CONCLUSION
ACC-PCV is papillary and cystic and hence is often not recognized as acinic cell carcinoma. However, papillary fragments of vacuolated cells or histiocytelike cells and granular cells are clues to the diagnosis.


The book places emphasis on nutrition and diseases of farmed fish, developmental physiology and management; it also includes a chapter on sturgeon culture, describing both the Russian system and innovations introduced in California. The first volume in the series was published in 1982, and further volumes will be issued at intervals of approximately two years. The proceedings of an Estuarine and Brackish Water Sciences Association informal symposium, September 1981, at the laboratory of the Freshwater Biological Association, Windermere. The volume focuses on the dynamic coupling of the physical, biochemical and chemical processes relevant to the association of pollutant and sediment. Specific topics covered range from the detection of compositional variables in fine-grained sediments by transmission electron micro- analysis to the influence of porewater chemistry on the behaviour of transuranic elements in marine sediments to nitrogen cycling bacteria and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in intertidal estuarine sediments. The book focuses on the recent developments in the use of algal bioassays as indicators of ecological changes. The application of algae as ecological indicators is diverse, both in habitat type and ecological parameter, and the various chapters provide examples of the different approaches to using algae as bioassay organisms. concerned with modelling, and management, the are drawn mainly


The Doppler-tracking data of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft show an unmodelled constant acceleration in the direction of the inner Solar System. An overview of the phenomenon, commonly dubbed the Pioneer anomaly, is given and the possibility for an experimental test of the anomaly as a secondary goal of an upcoming space mission is discussed using a putative Pluto orbiter probe as a paradigm.


The water restriction can damage the performance of crops, especially in the flowering period. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the response of genotypes of wheat submitted to water deficit in the beginning of flowering. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with five replications. The factors studied were: three wheat cultivars (Coodetec (CD) 105, 108 and 111) and 2 irrigation managements (with and without imposition of water deficit). During the period of water deficit imposition, gravimetric soil moisture and the relative content of water in leaf were evaluated, while at the moment of rehydration the biometric variables were determined. At the end of the crop cycle the components of production were evaluated. Reduction was found in the gravimetric soil moisture, in the relative levels of water and in all biometric variables, in function of the water deficit. The grain production showed difference only among the water regimes, in which the cultivar CD 111 is more efficient in the maintenance of the productive potential in conditions of water deficit, through the quick recovery in the relative content of water in leaves.


As an aberrant base in DNA, uracil is generated by dUMP misincorporation or cytosine deamination, and involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Current methods for whole-genome mapping of uracil all rely on uracil-DNA N-glycosylase (UNG) and are limited in resolution or specificity. Here, we present a UNG-independent Single-Nucleotide resolution Uracil Sequencing (SNU-seq) method utilizing the UdgX protein which specifically excises the uracil and forms a covalent bond with the resulting deoxyribose. SNU-seq was validated on synthetic DNA and applied to mammalian genomes. We found that the uracil content of pemetrexed-treated cells fluctuated along with DNA replication timing. We also accurately detected uracil introduced through cytosine deamination by the cytosine base editor (nCas9-APOBEC) and verified uracil occurrence in "WRC" motif within Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) hotspot regions in CSR-activated UNG −/− B cells.


Progress in string theory has resulted in a whole landscape of vacua solutions.In this talk I explore the cosmological implications of the landscape, based on the dynamics of the wavefunction of the universe propagating on it. The landscape is taken as the phase space of the initial conditions since every of its vacua can potentially give rise to a universe. A superselection rule on the landscape phase space emerges when we include the backreaction of massive long wavelengths and the quantum dynamics of gravitational and matter degrees of freedom. This rule selects only high energy patches which survive the collapse induced by the gravitational instability of massive perturbations.


Biomass contains chemical energy which is a transformed Sun radiation. This energy can be used in many different ways. One of these is a direct combustion which is the most popular. The direct combustion of biomass is a technology which is well proven in large-scale heat and power generation. However, the situation in the small-scale heat generation is not so good. This paper describes results from the experimental combustion with various kinds of biomass in three different combustion devices. Saw dust is used in the experiment described below. The aim is to choose the best biofuel modification and the best way for its combustion from the point of view of power and emission parameters. As for the so far reached results of the experiment, the best in case of saw dust is the combustion with gasification of saw dust briquettes on stable grate without primary air or pellets in bottom supplied burner.


Classical Bodies, Musical Throats and an Accommodating Religion explores the origins of the modern drama from a director's perspective, with special focus on the "language of cry and gesture", the acting language of the early Romantic repertory. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the acting codes of the melodrama, the first dramatic genre to appear on the Romantic stage, based on the workshops and subsequent productions of Witchcraft by Joanna Baillie (co-director
Louis Patrick Leroux) and Leonce and Lena by Georg Buchner which I directed for the Concordia University's D.B. Clarke Theatre in 2010-2011 and, respectively, for Le Theâtre de
l'Utopie in Montreal in 2013 (Buchner's Bicentenary) in view of further applications to the modern repertory.


Burkholderia cepacia is an important pathogen of humans in both immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. This uncommon pathogen is established to be the cause of pyogenic spondylodiscitis in only seven cases in the medical literature. Here, we report the cases of four patients who were diagnosed over two years period with Burkholderia cepacia spondylodiscitis and were successfully managed by appropriate antimicrobial treatment after open surgical biopsy was done for debridement and microbiological identification.


. The purpose of this study is to enhance utilization of the waste nutrient solution (WNS) disposed at the hydroponic greenhouse. Several sets of testing were conducted to examine the effects of WNS: (a) a fertilizer effect, (b) soil column leaching, and (c) crop cultivation. The fertilizer effect test was applied in young radish cultivation by examining the growth characteristics of young radish and soil based on inorganic nitrogen according to the soil treatment of the nitrogen fertilizer (NF) and the WNS. The fertilizer effects and crop cultivation test were conducted with five treatments (A-E): A, non-treatment (water); B, 100% of NF; C, 70% of NF + 30% of WNS; D, 50% of NF + 50% of WNS; and E, 30% of NF + 70% of WNS. The soil column leaching test was conducted with three treatments: non-treatment (water), 100% of NF, 50% of WNS + 50% of NF. As a result, the chemical properties of the WNS were pH 6.0, EC 2.4dS·m -1 , total phosphorus (T-P) 28mg·L -1 , ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N) 5.0mg·L -1 , and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) 301mg·L -1 . The chemical properties of the soil were pH 5.51, EC 0.31dS/m, organic matter 2.08g·kg -1 , NO 3 -N 9.64mg·kg -1 , and NH 4 -N 3.20mg·kg -1 . The results of fertilizer effects showed that the ratio of 50% or less of NF and 50% or more of WNS was high in young radish growth. There was no statistically significant difference between the soil chemistry in the C-E treatments where WNS was mixed with NF and the B treatment where only NF was applied. As a result of the soil column leaching test, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of NO 3 and NH 4 in the treatment of 100% of NF and 50% of NF + 50% of WNS. The study indicates, if the mixed fertilizer of WNS and NF is applied in the soil cultivation of young radish, it will reduce the use of NF and environmental pollution. This also helps reduce production costs on farmers and increase the yield of young radish.


The primary goal of this research is to build an engine simulation model through GT-Power to study the combustion characteristics of linear-engine system in starting and idle process.The cylinder pressure data collected from engine experiment were used to verify the simulation model.Based on this simulation model,the influence of the excess air coefficient and ignition advance angle on combustion characteristics of the linear-engine system in constant revolution was studied and the control parameter in idle process was optimized.The results show that the ignition time being advanced from-50°(before the top dead center) to 20°under a constant excess air coefficient,the cylinder pressure,the instantaneous heat release rate and the total heat release all reach their largest peak value when the ignition advance angle is-40°.Reducing the excess air ratio from 1.62 to 0.62 under a constant ignition advance angle,the cylinder pressure and the instantaneous heat release rate all reach their largest peak value and the total heat release is large when the excess air ratio is 0.83.


There have been a number of high-profile early failures in New Zealand pavements (rut depths greater than 20mm observed early in the pavement life) associated with greenfield pavements (pavements not subjected to traffic during construction). It is uncertain if the rutting was due to poor construction control, difficulties of measuring density of thick layers or a function of lack of traffic on the pavement. In response, a research project was initiated to investigate in the NZ Transport Agency's accelerated pavement testing facility (CAPTIF) the effect of constructing the basecourse and sub-base to a range of densities. In addition to the CAPTIF trial a more theoretical analysis consisting of comparing the theoretical stress and strain distribution under a vibratory roller and a standard heavy vehicle was performed. The conclusion of the research was that by using conventional New Zealand construction techniques and specifications some post-construction deformation of greenfield pavements appears to be inevitable. (a)


Background: Biopsy of ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions performed under endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) has produced relatively low diagnostic yields. Objectives: To clarify whether CT findings can contribute to the return of an EBUS-GS-guided diagnosis of GGO lesions. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 58 patients with GGO lesions. Forty-four of 58 lesions were diagnosed by means of EBUS-GS-guided biopsy, and the remaining 14 undiagnosed by EBUS-GS-guided biopsy were di‐ agnosed by CT-guided biopsy or surgery. We reviewed CT images obtained prior to EBUS-GS-guided biopsy to measure the maximum diameter of the GGO lesion, the maximum diameter of the solid component, the distance from the bifurcation of the lobe bronchus to the lesion, and the presence or absence of a "bronchus sign." Results: The diagnostic yield for lesions with a maximum diameter of the solid component >5 mm (38/46, 82.6%) was significantly greater than that for the lesions with a maximum diameter of the solid component ≤5 mm (6/12, 50%) ( p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield based on the maximum GGO diameter, the distance from the bifurcation of the lobe bronchus to the lesion, or the presence of a bron‐ chus sign. Conclusions: Our data suggest that EBUS-GS-guided biopsy can yield a diagnosis when the maximum diame‐ ter of the solid part of the malignant GGO lesion depicted on the CT image is >5 mm.


While a combination of key agricultural policies and institutions introduced in the 1960s has enabled India to achieve food self sufficiency, a major reform to those policies and institutions is required if Indian agriculture is to maintain its long term growth and sustainability. Overall productivity growth in India's agriculture sector has slowed considerably in the past decade. Expenditure on input subsidies is 'crowding out' much needed investment in the sector and maintenance of existing rural infrastructure and investment on agricultural research and extension. Increasing urbanisation and rising incomes in India are being reflected in changes in food consumption patterns. Growth in consumption of food grains has slowed, while consumption of meat and livestock products is increasing. The greatest growth is in the consumption of fruit and vegetable products.


We construct a tensor network that delivers an unnormalized quantum state whose coefficients are the solutions to a given instance of 3SAT, an NP-complete problem. The tensor network contraction that corresponds to the norm of the state counts the number of solutions to the instance. It follows that exact contractions of this tensor network are in the #P-complete computational complexity class, thus believed to be a hard task. Furthermore, we show that for a 3SAT instance with n bits, it is enough to perform a polynomial number of contractions of the tensor network structure associated to the computation of local observables to obtain one of the explicit solutions to the problem, if any. Physical realization of a state described by a generic tensor network is equivalent to finding the satisfying assignment of a 3SAT instance and, consequently, this experimental task is expected to be hard.


Hot-stamped products are widely used for the body in white of an automobile to enable lightweight design and improve crashworthiness. Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel sheets are applied to prevent oxide scale and adhere to a painting in hot stamping. To strengthen the bent member, corner thickening by planar compression in hot stamping was applied. However, the Al-Si coating layer peels off by large deformation due to corner thickening. The effect of corner thickening on the peeling of the Al-Si coating layer was investigated in hat-shaped bending. The coating layer on the outer corner was cracked by tensile deformation and the peel of the coating layer was observed above 5% in the thickening ratio. Deformability of the coating layer without crack was investigated in V-shaped bending. The sidewall angle was changed to taper to prevent peeling failure. In addition, to improve the elongation of the coating layer during hot stamping, the heating temperature was increased. The peeling and crack of the coating layer were reduced by heating at 1050 °C for 4 min.


The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of variation concentration of skim milk in the semen extender on post-thaw semen quality of Osphronemus goramy. Mature males Osphronemus goramy obtained from a private commercial hatchery were brought into laboratory. The ejaculates from a total of three males were collected by hand stripping. The ejaculated semen was diluted with the extender (skim milk-fish ringer + 10% methanol; 1 : 9). The concentrations of skim milk tested were: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. Samples were then equilibrated at 4°C for 10 minutes, and were frozen at -34°C for 48 hours. Thawing was carried out at 40°C for 1—2 min. Based on Anova test, there were significant effect (P<0.05) of various concentration of skim milk on post-thaw sperm motility, viability, and abnormality, compared to control (0% of skim milk). According to the Tukey test (P<0.05), the concentration of 15% of skim milk showed the highest post-thaw sperm motility (80.98±4.08)%, and post-thaw sperm viability (84.00±1.79)%, and the lowest post-thaw abnormality (14.00±2.28)%, respectively. Our finding showed the optimum concentration of skim milk in extender was 15% which showed 80.98% post-thaw motility.


Spin-crossover (SCO) molecules have been proposed for applications in molecular spintronics devices due to their bistability which can be reversibly switched by external stimulus. Here, we report the synthesis, structure...


Resistance (R) genes, a key factor in determining the resistance of plants, have been shown often to be highly allelic entities existing in duplicated regions of the genome. This characteristic suggests that R-gene acquisition may have arisen through frequent genetic rearrangements as a result of transient, reduced genome stability. Tobacco plants transgenic for a recombination construct exhibited reduced genome stability upon infection with a virulent pathogen (tobacco mosaic virus). The reduced genome stability manifested as an increase in recombination events in the transgene. Such increases were observed following a virulent pathogen attack. This increase in recombination was shown to be systemic and was observed prior to systemic viral movement suggesting the presence of a systemic recombination signal. Further molecular analyses revealed that specific R-gene loci experience a large frequency of rearrangements following a virulent pathogen encounter. The possible targeting of instability to R-gene regions may be controlled through epigenetic processes, in particular, DNA methylation.


Sun-Hee Yim, Kwang-Sik Cho, Jin-Ho Choi, Ju-Hyun Lee, Myung-Su Kim, and ByulHaNa Lee*Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Naju 58216, KoreaAbstract This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and melanin synthesisinhibition of several pear cultivars (Pyruspyrifolia). The total polypenolic content of five pear cultivars was high in theunripe developmental stage. Total polyphenolic content of the Chuwhangbae cultivar extract was higher than that of otherpear cultivars regardless of the developmental stage. However, the total flavonoid content did not differ between cultivarsor developmental stages. The phenolic compound, arbutin has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Arbutin levels in pearcultivars declined as the fruit matured. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract also decreased as the fruitripened. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, most of the cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis by about 50% at a100


Cu and Pd thin films grown under particular conditions of ion irradiation exhibit a lattice spacing expansion and a high density of lattice defects. As a consequence of this crystallographic disorder the Fermi edge of these systems is located at a higher binding energy, while the electronic core levels are broadened and shifted upward ≊0.35 eV, as shown by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This letter demonstrates that the electronic structure modifications observed in these materials can be accounted for on the basis of the measured lattice parameter and lattice disorder invoking an energy band structure model for fcc metals and self‐consistent field wave function computations.


Bis(benzimidazole)amine‐based copper complexes, with structural similarities to the active sites of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase enzymes (LPMOs), were tested for the oxidative degradation of cellulose. Spectroscopic characterization of the complexes, as well as structural authentication of one of them, confirm a tetragonal coordination environment with 3 nitrogen donors, as well as a thioether in axial positions. Aqueous oxidative degradation of cellulose was achieved with the CuII complexes and H2O2 as oxidant through putative cupric‐hydroperoxo intermediates. Conversion of cellulose was achieved in up to 67 % yield of soluble oligosaccharide derivatives at ambient temperature and pressure. The products were analyzed in aqueous solution by HPLC‐MS, confirming oxidative depolymerization of cellulose under ambient conditions, in an analogous fashion to LPMOs.


This article examines men's attitudes towards women in the Norwegian and US armed forces. The military is one of society's most gendered institutions, and this study investigates how men in the armed forces feel about serving alongside women. Building on interviews with 34 men in the Norwegian and US air forces, the article finds that men in both countries have a positive attitude towards female service members, and that the majority prefer to serve in gender-mixed units. When discussing their attitudes on more concrete topics, however, the participants employed two different concepts of equality. The Norwegian men argued for the importance of equal treatment of men and women, while the American men thought it was more important to create equal opportunities for women in the armed forces. These different understandings are embedded in the two national cultures, which provide the men with the different cultural resources they relied on to frame their opinions.


The habitual utilization rate of P and K fertilizers in the first_season didn't inclucle the exchange between the fertilizer and the soil nutrient.By using the CK as a basis,this calculation method was improper.Since the utilization rate computed was too low and was negatively correlated with the yield of crop.The old calculation formula for fertilizer requirement did not fit to fertilizer requirement. For a longterm effect of application fertilizer,the residual fertilizer nutrient should be utilized after exchanging.Thus,the best balanced utilization rate of P and K fertilizers was approximately equal to the total recovery rate.The balance of P and K in soil was approximately equal to the total recorery minus the output by crop.And,it was equal to the balance of same nutrient in soil before and after the experiment.The best requirement of the balanced P and K fertilizers was equal to the output divided by the total recovery rate.


Summary In psychiatric nursing, transference and countertransference dynamics are generally ignored. This paper is an attempt to examine how the transference and countertransference dynamics influenced the nurse-patient relationships on an in-patient drug-dependency unit, and how an understanding of transference was found to be helpful.


Geopark is a plan to promote the protection and sustainable development of geological heritage, which is supported by UNESCO. In order to achieve this function of popular science education, it is necessary to build a set of interpretation system with prominent feature of advanced, scientific and perfect popular science education. This paper defines the interpretation system of geoparks, and studied the designing principles and methods of interpretation panel, including the information, content and appearance. It would provide a scientific basis for geoparks to set up some good interpretation panels.


Pierre Bourdieu et's teaching theory tries to revert the social and political backgrounds of edacation. It believes that education completes social reproduction through cultural reproduction and has a close relation with the authority. Teaching activity with the characteristic of dual arbitration is an arbitrary culture enforced by arbitrary power. All the teaching activities have some kind of symbolical violence.


This book, similar in format to its companion publication, "Periodontics - The Scientific Way", utilizes a new approach for presentation of scientific material in a textbook format. This volume focuses on the basics of periodontal therapy - examination methods, effects of initial periodontal therapy and evaluation of results. It is designed to merge the scientific background for periodontal re-evaluation with the reality of clinical practice. Relevant research papers are abstracted, and the results presented in clear, graphical form. The research chosen is critically appraised and the relevance of the results to clinical practice discussed. Case presentations, with details of individual subjects and teeth, are included to further illustrate the scope and limitations of initial periodontal treatment and its evaluation. This book should prove useful for periodontists, dentists and hygienists who require an up-to-date review on research relating to periodontal re-evaluation. Post-doctoral students of periodontics may want to use the text as an introduction or as a background reference for their studies. It should also be of interest to undergraduate dental students interested in the scientific basis for intial preiodontal therapy.


The vibratory crusher is one of the fine crushing machinery which can substitute for the coarse mill in the comminution circle to greatly reduce the energy consumption of the whole comminution circle. It is .however, a complicated strongly coupling dynamical system between the rigid-body subsystem multi-degree-of freedom and the bulk solids to be processed, and its nonlinear dynamics is required to be investigated in the future. In this paper, the vibratory crusher to be designed is modeled as two types of linear vibration system with two-degree-of freedom at first. Theoretical analysis is then carried out to get the dynamical parameters, which provide a basis not only for the design and manufacturing of a experimental vibratory crusher rig,but also for the further study on its nonlinear dynamics both experimentally and theoretically.


The paper is devoted to the adaptation of marketing communication tools in accordance with the needs of domestic restaurants. The study identifies the features of the formation and promotion of a restaurant product, which is a combination of products and services. Detailing of the functional components of the restaurant industry product allowed for a qualitative adaptation of marketing communications in on-line and off-line formats. It is established that the main functions of the restaurant product are consumer, economic, socio-cultural and aesthetic. The study details the functional components of the restaurant product, which allows for a better understanding of the essence of the activity of restaurant establishments.
Thus, the use of marketing communication tools should be aimed at informing customers about these features and competitive advantages, convincing consumers of the quality of food and services, motivating the target audience to visit the institution and turning visitors into regular customers of the restaurant. The essence and examples of the use of such basic tools of marketing communications as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal sales and direct marketing. Endogenous and exogenous factors that have a significant impact on the choice and implementation of marketing communications are identified. The formation and implementation of a complex of marketing communications at domestic restaurant enterprises is designed to inform existing and potential customers about the establishment's activities, interesting events and promotional offers, to form positive public opinion and a loyal audience, and to motivate consumers to visit the establishment.


Objective: To determine the role of pathological cardiotocography in evaluating the fetal well-being. Methods: This is cross sectional hospital-based study. Results Our study included 100 with abnormal CTG, 72 (72%) of them were intrapartum and classified as pathological CTG, and 28 patients had their CTG during antenatal periods (Non-stress test), all of these 28 patients, were delivered by C/S (100%), with 25 (89.2%) babies cried immediately and 3(10.7%) cried after resuscitation, their Apgar scores at 1minute was >8 in 25(89.2%) babies. Out of 72 intrapartum pathological CTG, 59(81.9) were delivered by C/S, 8 (11.1%) by Instrumental delivery and 5 (6.9%) through NVD, 21 (29.1%) of babies cried immediately, 46(63.8%) cried after resuscitation and 5(6.9%) their outcome was early neonatal deaths. Conclusion: CTG found to be important in evaluating the fetal well-being. Adjunctive methods are required to improve the sensitivity and specificity of fetal monitoring.