GOTHAM: A History of New York City to 1898. By EDWIN C. BURROWS and MIKE WALLACE. xxiv and 1,383 pp.; maps, ills., bibliog., index. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. $60.00 (cloth), ISBN 0195116348; $24.95 (paper), ISBN 0195140494. THE HISTORICAL ATLAS OF NEW YORK CITY: A Visual Celebration of Nearly 400 Years of New York City's History. By ERIC HOMBERGER. 192 pp.; maps, bibliog., index. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Owl Books Imprint, 1998. $22.00 (paper), ISBN 0805060049. INVISIBLE NEW YORK: The Hidden Infrastructure of the City. By STANLEY GREENBERG. xi and 90 pp., ills., notes, bibliog., index. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. $34.95 (cloth), ISBN 0801805945X. MANHATTAN IN MAPS, 1527-1995. By PAUL E. COHEN and ROBERT T. AUGUSTYN. 176 pp.; maps, bibliog., index. New York: Rizzoli Press, 1997. $50.00 (cloth), ISBN 0847820521. NEW YORK: A Documentary Film. Written by RIC BURNS and JAMES SANDERS; directed by RIC BURNS; produced by LISA ADES and RIC BURNS. PBS Video, 1999. $139.98 (DVD); $99.98 (VHS). NEW YORK: An Illustrated History. By RIC BURNS, JAMES SANDERS, and LISA ADES. Xv and 575 pp.; maps, bibliog., index. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. $60.00 (cloth), ISBN 0679454829; $35.00 (paper), ISBN 0375709681. RECONSTRUCTING TIMES SQUARE: Politics and Culture in Urban Development. By ALEXANDER J. REICHL. xii and 239 pp.; ills., bibliog., index. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999. $39.95 (cloth), ISBN 0700609490; $19.95 (paper), ISBN 070060-9490. SELLING THE LOWER EAST SIDE: Culture, Real Estate, and Resistance in New York City. By CHRISTOPHER MELE. xvi and 361 pp.; maps, ills., bibliog., index. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 0816631816; $19.95 (paper), ISBN 0816631824. WATER FOR GOTHAM: A History. By GERARD T. KOEPPEL. xiv and 355 pp.; ills., notes, index. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 0691011397; $17.95 (paper), ISBN 0691089760. By destroying the World Trade Center towers in Lower Manhttan, the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 reminded US yet again of the fragility of great cities. Their concentration of people and activities has always made cities vulnerable to disruption by terrorism, warfare, natural disaster, technological breakdown, social disruption, and other forces. As a preeminent global symbol of U.S. financial power, media influence, and cultural dominance, the very skyline, the profile, of New York City became a prime target in the acts of savagery directed against America, eclipsing even the assault on the Pentagon, near the seat of national government. New Yorkers reacted to the 9/11 tragedy with an emotional outpouring of solidarity for the victims, often reflected in the poignant memorialization of public space (Figure 1). In addition to the carnage of nearly 3,000 lost lives, the World Trade Center attacks destroyed or severely damaged nearly 30 million square feet of office and retail space in Lower Manhattan, forcing 100,000 of the area's workers to relocate to other areas (Figure 2). The crippled public transportation infrastructure, which will take years to rebuild, put the Financial District's remaining 270,000 jobs at risk. New York City's economy stands to lose roughly $83 billion and 57,000 jobs over three years, according to an economic impact analysis by the New York City Partnership and Chamber of Commerce (NYCP 2001). As the Lower Manhattan Redevelopment Corporation debates various proposals for rebuilding "Ground Zero," it serves us well to ponder the historical geography of America's largest city. In recent decades a growing literature has focused on the role of New York City as one of the dominant "command centers" in an integrated world economy (AbuLughod 1999; Godfrey and Zhou 1999; Sassen 2001). The "global-city hypothesis" posits that such transnational centers articulate financial transactions, corporate decision making, advertising campaigns, mass-media networks, legal and other services, and other political-economic functions (Friedmann and Wolff 1982; Friedmann 1995). …


The design of a trade agreement should re(cid:135)ect its purpose. Does digital trade change the purpose of a trade agreement? To explore this question, I (cid:133)rst describe the de(cid:133)nitional and classi(cid:133)cation issues associated with digital trade, and for modeling purposes I adopt a simple taxonomy of the ways in which digital trade can arise and the policies that can be used to restrict such trade. I then review what the theoretical literature on the economics of trade agreements has to say about the purpose of a trade agreement in a pre-digital model world economy, and how this purpose can be seen to be re(cid:135)ected in the broad design features of both GATT and GATS, the WTO agreements that govern international trade in goods and services respectively. Finally, I introduce digital trade into the model world economy and revisit the purpose of a trade agreement. From this perspective I consider whether the rise of digital trade warrants changes in the design of the WTO. (cid:3) This paper was written to serve as a background paper for the Roundtable (cid:147)The Role of Trade Agreements in the Regulation of Trade in Data,(cid:148)at the Rotman School of Management of the University of Toronto on March 26 2021. I thank Alan Sykes for many helpful discussions and comments, Paul Hager for outstanding research assistance, and my discussants Avi Goldfarb and Dan Tre(cid:135)er as well as seminar participants at the Roundtable for many useful comments. A condensed version of this paper will appear as Chapter 9 in Staiger (forthcoming). Search costs are lower in digital environments, enlarging the potential scope and quality of search. Digital goods can be replicated at zero cost, meaning they are often non-rival. The role of geographic distance changes as the cost of transportation for digital goods and information is approxi-mately zero. Digital technologies make it easy to track any one individual(cid:146)s behavior. Last, digital veri(cid:133)cation can make it easier to certify the reputation and trustworthiness of any one individual, (cid:133)rm, or organization in the digital economy. Each of these cost changes draws on a di⁄erent set of well-established economic models, primarily search, non-rival goods, are also emerging in regard to mandating (cid:133)rms to reveal encryption keys and algorithms. This can be a major issue for companies, as it could lead to blocking market access if they refuse to comply or to jeopardizing data security and the trust of customers if they do. (Azmeh, Foster and Echavarri, 2020, pp 677-678).


We present a new transmission scheme which apply the linear dispersion code (LDC) to a single transmit antenna in the OFDM system. Our scheme, named virtual LDC, transfers the LDC substreams through the multiple uncorrelated OFDM subchannels. The virtual LDC scheme can achieve the coding and diversity advantage as well as LDC in MIMO. It is shown that the virtual LDC scheme can improve the BER performance compared with plain OFDM system.


H-point method was developed for the quantitative determination of clopidogrel bisulfate (CLPB). HPSAM showed suitable abilities to resolve accurately overlapped absorption spectra of the compounds. So a simultaneous determination of CLPB in its binary mixture with aspirin (ASP) was carried out. They can be determined simultaneously with the concentration ratios 1:4 to 4:1 in their mixed sample. The calibration curves of CLPB and ASP were constructed at the maximum wavelength of each (266 and 277 nm for CLPB and 276 and 281 nm for ASP).The method showed good precision and high recovery values for the determination of the two drugs in presence of each other.


The outstanding characteristics of the foreign policy of the Bush administration since it was in power is unilateralism Even after "9·11" event, the unilateralism is not disappear As the means and method of enforcementing the diplomatic strategy, it is not accidental that the Bush administration carry out the unilateralism The reasons are that not only the conservatism political philosophy of the Bush administration, but also the super strength especially the military technical force of American, in the meantime, it is combined with the diplomatic style of Bush and the core members of his organization Seeing from the future trend, the Bush administration will not give up the unilateralism entirely, however it will return to the multilateralism in the special circumstances, and the point that keep the balance of the unilateralism and the multilateralism will be "the pragmatism what American diplomacy is expert in for all along


Abstract As liberation theology spread across the globe in the seventh and eighth decades of the twentieth century, the need was felt for mutual learning and teaching among its proponents in various continents. The Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT) was founded at Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, in 1976 to facilitate such a dialogue. This article explores the ways in which the thought of Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J., (a Spanish philosopher and theologian who was murdered in El Salvador in 1989) and Asian liberation theology can enrich each other. After situating Ellacuría, especially his activities as rector of the Jesuit University of Central America, in the context of political and military conflicts of El Salvador, the essay expounds Ellacuría's philosophy of realidad historica, his theology of the People of God as el pueblo crucificado, and his understanding of a Catholic university as a "social force," and shows how these three ideas can enrich Asian liberation theology. The essay then presents Asian liberation theology in the socio-political and religious contexts of Asia and explains how it can enrich Ellacuría's thought and by extension Latin American liberation theology in three areas: theological method, through the use of non-Christian religious sources, especially popular religion; theology of liberation, by attending to the efforts of non-Christian activists for justice and peace; and a new way of being church, through a triple dialogue: dialogue with the Asian people, especially their poor; dialogue with Asian cultures; and dialogue with Asian religions.


During this period of time is was realised, that thin water layers being present on the steel surface are responsible for the atmospheric corrosion. It was proven, that the critical humidity necessary to trigger the corrosion reaction it linked to the presence of hygroscopic salt particles. This was the first evidence that the atmospheric corrosion cannot be described as a simple oxidation reaction but has to be discussed in the framework of electrochemical reaction kinetics.


Focusing on students majoring in Chinese music in Taiwanese senior high schools and colleges, this study explored the students' personality traits, vocational interests, learning adjustment, and career decisions. The research methods employed a survey and interviews. The data of the survey were collected by administering the Lai's Personality Inventory, the Chinese Vocational Interest Inventory, and a self-designed questionnaire. Representing students for further interviews were also selected from the data of the survey. Regarding the personality traits, the results showed that Chinese music majors tended to be extraverted and well in social adjustment. In the aspect of emotional steadiness and psychological health, only female senior high school Chinese music majors tended to be strong in cyclic tendency, strain, anxiety, and depression. Generally specking, Chinese music majors in colleges were more positive in personality traits than Chinese music majors in senior high schools. The results also showed that the vocational interest structure of the Chinese music departments should be Type A or Type AS, meaning an artistic model or a combination of an artistic model plus a social model at a second position. Most students had strong intrinsic learning motivations in Chinese music. They were interested in music and valued Chinese music. Their achievement sense mostly came from successful performances and their frustration mostly came from difficulty in advancing their performing skills. Being Chinese music performers were the most favorite career option for male students, and being Chinese music teachers were the most favorite career option for female students. It was suggested that schools should arrange individual counseling to help students in emotional adjustment, inferiority feeling, learning how to communication with parents, and understanding future career possibilities that fit personal characteristics.


Container terminals with automated container handling and transferring equipment are spreading mainly in Europe, with the automation of container terminals being studied also in Japan as one of the policies to intensify the international competitiveness. The operation control of the handling and transferring equipment in the yard, the container storage area, is an important and key technology to achieve effective handling in an automated container terminal. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has designed an effective container operating method, and in order to put the method into effect, MHI has developed an equipment operation control simulator capable of expressing the actual operations in a container terminal, determining the operation rules and advanced verification (pre-verification) of required handling time, etc. The newly developed simulator is a useful tool for the design of automated container terminal, and is considered to contribute to the innovation of port logistics through advancement of automation. This paper describes the effective operation of handling and transferring equipment and the simulation technology.


An amplifier combining noise performances as close as possible to the quantum limit with large bandwidth and high saturation power is highly desirable for many solid state quantum technologies such as high fidelity qubit readout or high sensitivity electron spin resonance for example. Here we introduce a new Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier based on Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices. It displays a 3 GHz bandwidth, a -102 dBm 1-dB compression point and added noise near the quantum limit. Compared to previous state-of-the-art, it is an order of magnitude more compact, its characteristic impedance is in-situ tunable and its fabrication process requires only two lithography steps. The key is the engineering of a gap in the dispersion relation of the transmission line. This is obtained using a periodic modulation of the SQUID size, similarly to what is done with photonic crystals. Moreover, we provide a new theoretical treatment to describe the non-trivial interplay between non-linearity and such periodicity. Our approach provides a path to co-integration with other quantum devices such as qubits given the low footprint and easy fabrication of our amplifier.


Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy is a recently developed tool which is used to determine angular orientation and bond lengths of small molecules which adsorbed onto surfaces. Polarized soft x-rays from a synchrotron radiation source cause electronic transitions from core levels into unfilled molecular orbitals near the vacuum level. Many small molecules have unfilled it and a symmetry orbitals, and dipole selection rules cause these transitions to be highly polarization dependent. By rotating the sample with respect to the photon beam, one observes this polarization dependence, and from this the angular orientations of the chemical bonds are inferred. The technique is less model dependent than conventional techniques such as LEED and HREELS, and has been used to determine a number of orientations with confidence. The spectra also yield information about the lengths of the bonds from which structural models may be constructed for the surface + adsorbate system.


Objective To probe the safety and effect of curring gastrointestinal polyps with plasma radio-frequency through endoscopy. Methods 100 patients with gastrointestinal polyps were divided into two groups based on the locality of polyps. Each group included 50 patients. The polyps in radio-frequency group, which included must be operated through reversing endoscopy. Located on the special location such as bottom of stomach and underside of rectum, et al. The polyps were operated through plasma radio-frequency(Kangpu XVL-Ⅱ). The polyps in comparisonal group(high-frequency) were operated by high-frequency electrosetion(Olympus PSD-20). Results All polyps were cured only once. The operation time was 3-12(5±1.25)seconds in radio-frequency group and 3-8(4.5±1.15) seconds in comparisonal group(P0.05). Two groups had no syndrome. The therapic time was 18-38(25±2.45) days and 21-46(28±2.66)days (P0.05). Conclusions The effect of endoscopic plasma radio-frequency therapy for gastrointestinal polyps is obvious and very safe, and bequit with high-frequency eletrosetion, plasma radio-frequency electrosetion could used on special locations and excelled to the comparisonal group in therapic time, be good for clinical using as the preferred methed to therapoy for gastrointestinal polyps.


The aim of this study was to examine how professionals on residential care for
unaccompanied children worked with the youths needs. Due to the increase of refugees
coming to Sweden and specially unaccompanied children it has become one of our present
time most important political questions. In order to examine how the professionals are
working with the unaccompanied children's needs we believed that a qualitative study was
necessary, and therefore we conducted six interviews. The theory of professional approach
(Holm, 1995, 2001) was used to examined which approach the professionals used in their
work with the youths, which need the professionals saw was the most important and if the
personal put the youths needs before theirs. Our result showed that the needs the professionals
saw were the most important with the youths, was the need of a safe relationship, being a
participated in the decisions that involved them and the need of learning how to cope with
their anxiety. Our result also showed that in their work with the youths needs the
professionals had different approaches, an approach that was influenced by rules, an approach
that saw the youths as responsible adults and an last approach there the professionals acted as
a role model. We could also see that the professionals had an aptitude to see the youths need
as a group and not as individual. The respondent expressed that achieving an individual work
was hard when the youths all had different needs and different takes at what is important.


A composition for affecting weight loss comprising a first compound and a second compound wherein the first compound is an opioid antagonist and the second compound is bupropion.


The objective of the study is to identify the role of geographical variables in explaining differences in per capita income among Brazilian states. It also aims at ascertaining the degree to which such variables affect convergence or divergence trends in per capita income among these states. In order to investigate these issues it uses micro-data, instead of the more traditional aggregate data, averaged up from household to birth cohort level. Both the level and the change in average household income per capita across Brazilian states are correlated to geographical and household variables. The aim is to capture not only the influence of household human capital and wealth variables on the convergence of per capita income (along the lines of the neoclassical model), but also that of spatial or geographical characteristics, such as public infrastructure, health and education services. Therefore, this paper simultaneously considers data on geographical variables and repeated cross-sections of household surveys. The use of cohort level data means that we can construct cohort/state/year means for all variables of interest and control for state, life cycle and composition effects for the first time in this literature. The results indicate that the geographical variables seem to be important determinants of income levels and growth. Altogether, the results indicate that human capital and infrastructure variables are important areas for government intervention, as these are some of the main factors behind the differences in steady-state rates of income growth in Brazil.


Time‐resolved absorption spectra are recorded for Ga atoms produced by the photolytic action of 300 fs, 248.5 nm laser pulses on gas‐phase GaCl molecules. Photodissociation of GaCl at 248.5 nm produces both ground‐state (2P1/2) and spin–orbit‐excited (2P3/2) Ga atoms, resulting in strong transient‐absorption features at 403.3 and 417.2 nm, respectively. The experimental spectra are analyzed to obtain the kinetic energy of the photofragments, which is estimated to be ≂0.08 eV for both channels. The analysis suggests that the dissociation limits are (1) Ga 2P1/2+Cl* 2P1/2 for the 403.3 nm channel; and (2) Ga* 2P3/2+Cl 2P3/2 for the 417.2 nm channel. From these results, a new estimate for the dissociation energy of GaCl is obtained: D00=4.80±0.03 eV.


Intracellular pools of free amino acids within growing bacteria are highly dynamic and bear little relationship to the amino acid composition of cellular proteins. Normally, glutamate is the major component, whilst alanine, aspartate, glycine and proline may be conspicuous; other common amino acids are usually present in trace amounts (Holden, 1962; Tempest et al., 1970). In addition to providing precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis, two possible functions have been ascribed to the amino acid pool, namely storage of carbon and/or nitrogen (Brown & Stanley, 1972; Johnson & Ellwood, 1975) and osmoregulation (Tempest et al., 1970; Brown & Stanley, 1972). Through the use of the chemostat, the chemical composition and physiological behaviour of micro-organisms is now known to be largely a function of environment (Tempest et al., 1970). This is also true for amino acid pools, and factors which affect pools, both in composition and content, include the nature of the nitrogen source, growth rate, and salinity of the growth medium (Dawson, 1965; Tempest et al., 1970; Brown & Stanley, 1972; Johnson & Ellwood, 1975). The present study was prompted by the previous finding in this laboratory that the phytopathogenic genus Erwinia is heterogenous with respect to the presence and activity of those enzymes [glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)] which are commonly accepted as being of major importance in bacterial ammonia assimilation (see Pulman & Johnson, 1975, 1978). Further, in some organisms, e.g. E. amylovora, only GS was detectable which alone cannot account for net assimilation of ammonia. Thus a comparative examination of amino acid pools present in chemostat-grown cultures of representative Erwinia strains might yield useful information pertaining to the mechanisms of ammonia assimilation which operate in this genus.


Abstract In hydrological practice, flood routing is rarely achieved using the complete Saint-Venant equations. Instead, hydrological methods have been developed to provide users with simple methods that are robust yet efficient. The lag-and-route method has been widely used but its parameters have never been related to the physical parameters of channels. Moreover, the linear reservoir in this method is not well suited to reproduce effectively actual channel routing. A quadratic reservoir coupled with a lag component results in a far more accurate method while remaining numerically workable. This latter method depends on only two parameters which have been successfully related to physical channel features. This simple and efficient method enables one to gain insight into the main features of flood propagation in river channels.


nmajority of the nerves are cut transversely. The arrangements of the segments of nerve in section suggest that the segments are sections of one or more tortuous nerves from which branches are given off." The case is an unusual one, and appears to belong to the group associated with the name of von Recklinghausen, but the anomaly is here localized. It seems almost certain that it is of congenital origin, and this would account for the absence of pain in the lesions.


We discuss the complete virtual and soft-photonic O(alpha) corrections to AA -> W+W- within the electroweak Standard Model for arbitrary polarized photons. In the on-shell renormalization scheme for fixed M_W no leading corrections associated with the running of alpha or heavy top-quark and Higgs-boson masses occur. The corrections turn out to be of the order of 10%, but can become much larger where the lowest-order cross-sections are suppressed.


Track seeking and the slider-disk space variation during track seeking are becoming more and more serious concerns when technology moves to 0.8-1.5 /spl mu/m gap flying-height. This paper reports results of in-situ experimental investigations of the slider's dynamic flying performance during track seeking. A partial erase method and a slider-disk resistance method were used in the investigation. Results indicate that the suspension's vibration during track seeking plays an important role in the flying height vibration of slider. Furthermore, results indicate that the likely zone of slider-disk impact can be revealed by monitoring the resistance and the VCM current waveform simultaneously. A model is proposed also to explain the relationship of flying particles inside disk chamber, the slider's dynamic performance during track seeking and the flying particles induced HDI failure.


An efficient protocol is described for the regioselective construction of polysubstituted functionalized naphthalenes from easily accessible ortho-(alkynyl)styrenes under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds via cycloaromatization and intermolecular coupling of ortho-(alkynyl)styrenes with allylic alcohols catalyzed by PdCl2. Notably, the reaction is successful under open air as the green oxidant source. A range of functional groups (F, Cl, Br, NO2, and ester) including protecting free OH groups was found to be compatible.


In light of evidence that multiple-goal messages tend to be characterized by longer speech-onset latencies and higher pause-phonation ratios, Greene, McDaniel, Buksa, and Ravizza have suggested that it is not the pursuit of multiple goals, per se, that results in less fluent speech. Rather, these authors suggest that the slower speech production characteristic of such messages is the result of difficulties in assembling, or integrating, incompatible message features. Recent evidence, however, indicates that this account is incomplete and in need of revision. Toward this end, we advance a complexity account that suggests that there are increased processing-capacity and temporal demands associated with formulating and maintaining more complex message representations. The article then reports four experimental studies of this complexity account. Experiments 1 and 2 operationalize complexity as the amount of information to be communicated in a message. These studies indicate that complexity does affect pause-phonation ratio and average pause duration. Experiments 3 and 4 operationalize complexity as the coherence of the information to be conveyed in a message. The results of Experiment 4, but not Experiment 3, again indicated that complexity influences speech fluency. The results of these studies, then, are taken to provide considerable support for the complexity hypothesis.


Title of Document: READING LOLITA IN TEHRAN: AN OPERA BASED ON THE BOOK BY AZAR NAFISI Elisabeth Ann Mehl Greene, Doctor of Musical Arts, 2011 Directed By: Associate Professor Mark Wilson, Music Theory & Composition Reading Lolita in Tehran brings Azar Nafisi's bestselling memoir to the stage as a chamber opera, with a cast of eight singers, accompanied by flute, saxophone, piano, and cello. The libretto, co-written with Iranian-American poet Mitra Motlagh, retells Nafisi's experiences teaching Western literature after the Iranian Revolution, first in the classroom, and then in secret to a group of young women students. By reflecting the challenges of her reading group through the prism of Lolita, Gatsby, James, and Austen, Nafisi both paints a picture of the grim realities of Revolutionary Iran and shows how literature provides universal insights into the human condition. Through their experiences of love and loss, belonging and exile, Nafisi and her students find solace in literature; and through imagination the women create spaces denied to them by circumstances. The opera score draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including both the popular and folk music traditions of Iran, as well as music of the literature of Reading Lolita in Tehran, from Jane Austen to The Great Gatsby. Like the blending of past and present literary work in the novel, the music melds sounds from diverse geography and history into the contemporary opera form. The opera focuses on the six students in particular as representatives of the countless kaleidoscope stories of Iranian women seeking freedom. Their songs remind us that the simple liberties of reading and thought, education and identity, are precious and worth fighting for. Though the events take place in Tehran, the truths transcend all boundaries of language and culture. READING LOLITA IN TEHRAN: AN OPERA BASED ON THE BOOK BY AZAR NAFISI By Elisabeth Ann Mehl Greene Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts 2011 Advisory Committee: Associate Professor Mark Wilson, Chair Associate Professor James Fry Professor Robert Gibson Professor Leon Major Associate Professor Katherine McAdams © Copyright by Elisabeth Ann Mehl Greene 2011 ii Acknowledgements Many gracious people made this project possible through their encouragement, wisdom, and collaboration. I would like to thank the author of Reading Lolita in Tehran, Azar Nafisi not only for her support of the opera but for book itself, a glorious contribution to the world of literature and my life in particular. Thank you to Leon Major, who frequently invites new works into the opera studio, and then brings them to life. To my friend, the talented poet Mitra Motlagh, I will always be grateful for our work together on this libretto, and the other collaborations that came afterward. Nick Olcott's sound advice guided me through the treacherous waters of libretto construction and adaption. Dr. Mark Wilson's musical counsel was invaluable for refining the music. Thanks to my dissertation committee for their support. My deep gratitude to those who made the reading possible: Laura Lee Everett, the singers and instrumentalists, Pepsi Enhancement Funds, and First Year Book. Finally, special thanks to my husband Sam, who lent me the book years ago, and then later thought of adapting it for opera. Used with permission from Azar Nafisi. iii Table of


inscriptions was the collection of the dissolved Prussian State Academy at Braunsberg, mostly purchased in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with the advice of Theodor Wiegand, director of the Royal Prussian 'Muzeumsstation' in Constantinople, and through Otto Rubensohn, who was based in Egypt. Thus there are many objects from the late Ottoman Empire. Further Egyptian and Nubian μnds came to Warsaw as a result of archaeological collaborations between Warsaw University and the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology at Cairo in the 1930s, and from Polish excavations in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, on the division of spoils with local Egyptian or Sudanese partners. Of the 125 inscriptions, all but ten have been published somewhere before, but the editors have checked all the readings and supplied a full description of each stone, together with apparatus criticus, French translation, and commentary on the texts; each stone is also shown by plate. The volume is well produced and copiously indexed. Arranged geographically, the collection begins with Attica, travels through Thrace, the Greek islands, and Asia Minor, then visits Syria and Palestine, before the bulk of stones (nos 42–119) from Egypt and Nubia. Those from Italy form a short coda to the foregoing. Many of those chosen by Wiegand are interesting or unusual: witness (no. 4) the third century .. decree from Perinthus in honour of Athenaios, a strolling tragic actor; or (no. 5) the Augustan stele dedicated to Isis and Sarapis by Artemidorus, 'navarch of the Great Ploiaphesia' at Byzantium. A fourth-century Christian epitaph of Marcella, from what had become Constantinople (no. 7), attests the practice of the consecration of girls to virginity, in this case by her palatinus father. Among verse inscriptions, a late-Hellenistic funerary stele from Samos (no. 24) carries some ambitious verses lamenting the death of Philon, just out of his ephebeia, as does a complex epitaph for Poseidonios and others from Cyzicus. Among dedications was a pair of footprints for the goddess Ma, perhaps commemorating the pilgrimage of Hesperis, the dedicant, to her sanctuary in Comana, in the μrst/second century .. (no. 27). From Egypt, worshippers of Castor and Pollux appear in a dedication to Ptolemy III and Queen Berenice and the Dioscuri by an association of Synbasilistai (United King-worshippers) and Dioskouriastai (no. 44, third century ..), and in one to the 'Saviour Gods, the Dioscuri' (no. 59, μrst century ..). Forming a distinctive group are the stones from Nubia, in particular the cathedral site at Faras. A series of bishops' tombstones from the seventh to the twelth centuries, and early eighth century foundation stones of the cathedral itself, attest to the vibrancy of the Church there following the Christianization of this remote land under Justinian.


The long period of the 13th to 18th centuries in Arab history has hardly received exhaustive treatment in international scholarship. To account for this deficiency, one might note that while in recent decades there has been much accomplished in the field of Oriental studies dealing with elucidating of Arabic poetry from antiquity to the 10th–12th centuries, Arabic literature of the 13th–18th centuries is still lacking attention prompted by advanced interpreting practices. The corresponding studies tend to overlook many achievements of international Medieval scholarship including those engaged with traditionalistic type of artistic mindset and with principles of canonfollowing creativeness. Also, late medieval Arabic works are often considered out of their proper context; namely, they are measured against theoretical and literary notions drawn from European literatures of Modern and Late Modern periods. In aiming to offer a corrective to previous interpretive models, this article reconsiders the intensive development of figurative speech techniques in classical Arabic poetry going back to the 2nd / 8th century. Special attention is paid to figurative techniques addressing visual perception and exhibiting the growing importance of the graphic side of writing. The article holds that late medieval Arabic literature is continuously aware of ancient heritage, given the importance of poetics of reminiscences, which back then used to inform such generic modes as takhmīs and tashṭīr. The article also regards works of Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Ḥillī (d. c. 749/1348), who is among the most renowned and noted Arab authors of the 8th / 13th–14th centuries.


We give much attention to the efficiency of our cities, although they are sometimes far from efficient. We give some attention to the equity of our cities, although we could do much more to make them fairer. A creative city must be efficient; it should be a city that is concerned with the material well-being of all its citizens, especially the poor and disadvantaged. But it must be much more than that. It should be at the one time an emotionally satisfying city and a city that stimulates creativity among its citizens. What principles might guide us towards such a city?


Information through optical networks has been extensively studied in recent year to provide high through put, high capacity for the Internet traffic. Among them optical packet switching network deploying buffering, wavelength conversion and multipath routing would be the most suitable one. However due to the packet oriented routing and switching, the network can result in a large amount of packet out-of-order, packet loss and cause various delays in arriving upon end system, causing TCP flows that comprise those packets corrupted. The corrupted flows can increase the business of the internet traffic and cause malfunction in the higher layer protocol. In this paper a novel method for routing and switching in optical ip networks has been proposed and simulated the performance analysis of the optical flow routing based on the novel approaches.


Basic education decides a nation's civil quality in the future,and it is a core element to influence national sustainable development and to promote national competitiveness.All governments and international organizations pay high attention to fairness and quality of education from the strategic perspective,constructing complete quality monitoring system for basic education as an important measure for quality promotion.Through comparing international organizations and other countries' experiences in the aspect of basic education quality monitoring,this paper summarizes the characteristics of quality monitoring,and puts forward suggestions for basic education quality monitoring in China.


Abstract This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a unique vibration control technique which utilizes a non-linear vibration phenomenon at 2:1 internal resonance to attenuate the vibrations of a cantilever beam. The controller is attached to the tip of the beam and consists of a second link and a DC motor (with position and velocity feedback), introducing quadratic non-linearities to the system. An internally resonant system will exhibit modal interaction, which produces a response having a beat pattern. Therefore, energy can be transferred from a lightly damped mode to a heavily damped mode and then dissipated. The high level of damping is a result of velocity feedback. Internal resonance is attained by adjusting the position feedback gain such that the natural frequencies of the linear portions of the equations of motion of the system are in the ratio of 2:1. Experimental results indicate that planar oscillations of the beam, which is displaced at its tip a distance equal to 22 percent of its length, can be reduced to a relatively small amplitude in approximately three cycles. The experimental results, along with the validation of the mathematical model, are presented in this paper. Details of the theoretical analysis of the controller are discussed in the companion paper, Part I [1].


1. MOBILE COMPUTING IN EDUCATION A recent poll with CS freshmen at our university showed that over 90% of our students possess a PC, about 50% possess a browsing-capable wireless computing device such as a PDA, and more than 25% own a laptop. As mobile devices are often brought along to the university, they can be used during lectures. However, students in lectures are usually only observed reading mails, playing games, and surfing or chatting if Internet access is available. We believe that an effective integration of any technology into education requires a sufficiently large and widely varied set of participating educators. Any evolution let alone a revolution should start in the established class rooms with their tradition as social meeting points in universities. Drastic modifications of such class rooms may frighten away many educators. Small changes that keep the spirit of the lecture hall without restricting the educators are more likely to be accepted. Our approach revolves around Digital Lecture Halls [1] (DLHs). A DLH acts as an enhanced lecture hall infrastructure usable by educators willing to change their lecture routine and by those unwilling to do so. Basically, the following technological features can be included:


Aiming at time-varying and complex nonlinear characteristics in the wood drying process, a double hidden process neural network was introduced into wood drying modeling. Time-varying and complex nonlinear characteristics of wood drying were considered adequately in wood drying model by time series data of main influence factors fitted to time-varying functions as network input. The concrete modeling process and learning algorithm were given. The effectiveness of method is proved by ash wood drying. It provides a new way for complex system identification.


The present research designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and potassium sulfate on improving fruit quality and photosynthesis system. Ten treatments include: SA (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM), MeJA (0.5, 1 and 2 mM), potassium sulfate (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and distilled water (control) were sprayed on pomegranate trees 2 and 7 weeks after full bloom early in the morning. Results indicated that SA, MeJA and potassium sulfate increased phenolic compound and 1.5% of potassium sulfate and 0.5 mM of MeJA significantly increased the antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruit. Application of SA at 0.6 mM increased significantly hue angle of fruit peel. Foliar application of potassium significantly increased Fv/Fm and Pi parameter. Furthermore, total chlorophyll, b chlorophyll and cartenoids increased by 0.5 % of potassium sulfate, however,  the differences were not significant. Besides, 1% and 1.5% of potassium sulfate significantly increased the pH of fruit juice.


Adhesives are widely used used in electronics manufacturing and packaging environments. However, their effectiveness is sometimes limited by the challenges inherent in moving from a pilot research and development environment onto the assembly line. While the research environment allows the flexibility to vary parameters and study the resulting adhesive deposits with respect to size and consistency in order to accomplish key bonding, sealing or encapsulation requirements, the production environment does not lend itself to this luxury. This makes it imperative to not only select equipment that provides tight control of dispensing parameters, but also to find and eliminate the obvious and not-so-obvious variables that can reduce yields and profits. This paper is written from a dispensing/fluid handling perspective, and does not address other factors that must typically be confronted before the production process, such as adhesive composition, batch quality, substrate surface and preparation, etc.


We present an attempt to build up a two-body effective potential for hydrogen fluoride, fitted to theoretical and experimental data relevant not only to the gas and liquid phases, but also to the crystal. The model is simple enough to be used in molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The potential consists of (a) an intramolecular contribution, allowing for variations of the molecular length, plus (b) an intermolecular part, with three charged sites on each monomer and a Buckingham ``exp-6'' interaction between fluorines. The model is able to reproduce a significant number of observables on the monomer, dimer, hexamer, solid, and liquid forms of HF. The shortcomings of the model are pointed out and possible improvements are finally discussed.


ABSTRACT Russian communications intelligence has a long history. Although originally focused on supporting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it subsequently expanded to include at least the Ministry of Internal Affairs as well as the Army and the Navy. Navy comint in the Baltic Sea area, in fact, was so thoroughly developed in World War I that operations undertaken by the Baltic Sea Fleet were almost always successful. A large part of the credit goes to A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service. *Reprinted from CRYPTOLOG (of the National Security Agency), January 1984, pp. 1–12.


Under this international financial crisis, the effect of the exchange rate to economy has developed to the un-trade departments from the international trade. To some extend, the variation of exchange rate has affected the macroeconomic, and included the investments, outputs and consumes, this transmit system may shock the employment. This paper wants to analyses the variation of exchange rate to the unemployment by the newest data' Linear regression analysis, which caused in main countries s (regions) under this circumstance.


The utility model relates to a submerged arc welding welding-beam automatic tracking device with a video camera-shooting sensor, which belongs to an electromechanical class. The utility model mainly adopts a universal video camera head as the sensor. The utility model is a moulded product that an area array CCD, a lens and a drive circuit are integrated. The utility model outputs standard PAL system video signals. The utility model has the advantages of convenient use, exchangeable lens, adjustable focal distance, adjustable aperture, low price, stable and reliable operation, high sensibility, large information amount, easy buy, etc. The utility model adopts a simulation circuit and a digital circuit to amplify, shape, filter, binarize, etc., the video signals and can realize welding-beam recognition under the surface conditions of various steel plates. The utility model uses a monolithic computer to carry out data analysis and data treatment. The speed of the data treatment is quick and the clarity degree of the data treatment is high. The utility model adopts software filtering waves, welding nubbles, inner welding penetration, etc., in a software aspect. The interference resistance ability of the utility model is strong and reliability of the utility model is high.


The present invention relates to a square pipe punching machine. It includes machine frame, several tool seats which are respectively oppositely-placed on two sides of said machine frame, positioning mechanism for defining punching position of workpiece and holding mechanism. On every tool seat a mobile punching needle is set, and the positioning mechanism includes a piercing rod which can be passed through the workpiece interior, in the middle portion of said piercing rod several positioning holes are cut, said several positioning holes are correspondent to the punching needles. Besides, said invention also provides the working principle of said square pipe punching machine and its concrete operation method.


New applications of the nonlinear total internal reflection in the Q switching of a ruby laser are reported. A continuous transition is possible from the mode-locked case to the generation of smooth giant pulses: This can be achieved by varying the angle of incidence of radiation on an interface between a solution of a phototropic dye and glass.


This text of skeletal diseases is an excellent, concise reference for all physicians, regardless of specialty or general orientation. It deals Primarily with the pathological features of the non-neoplastic disorders of bones and joints, but it is very descriptively written with excellent clinical and radiographic correlations. The otolaryngologist in particular will find this text to be an excellent reference source for such craniofacial disorders as fibrous dysplasia, Paget disease, various cystic lesions of bone, histiocytosis-x, and the osteopathies secondary to endocrine and other metabolic disorders. A chapter devoted to the effects of irradiation and chemicals on bone, including flourine, lead, and mercury, is particularly pertinent to much of the contemporary work in otolaryngology. Each chapter is followed by an excellent list of well-selected references. Although this text may not be one most otolaryngologists would consider for purchase for their private professional libraries, it should be considered for inclusion as a


Abstract In nature, enzymes catalyse the oxidation of phenols to produce quinonic compounds which are deeply coloured. In this study, the same process was mimicked for colouration of wool. Oxidative polymerisation of catechol was carried out in situ by combining fresh potato juice (enzyme source) with catechol (phenol) to synthesise a range of fast colours. Effect of process variables, namely concentration, time and temperature of treatment on colour value was studied. The unique property of this process is that besides colouration, it improves the mechanical properties and imparts value added properties such as antioxidant and improved moisture management to wool. As the process is based on use of unrefined plant juice instead of purified enzymes it is more economical and ecofriendly. The study opens up an area for exploration of local plant sources for a clean process of colouration.


Based on the higher vocational education in Shaanxi province, Engineering Mechanics course has some problems in texts, class and teaching method. In the face of the declining quality of students, teachers should strive to improve basic, scientific research and practical abilities. In order to establish suitable education for higher vocational students, teachers should also flexibly apply the task-driving method in the teaching. Every teacher should try to cultivate double-ability students in the higher vocational education.


ABSTRACT After being introduced in the US in the 1970s, inclusionary housing is now found around the world. Even the Netherlands, which is known for its tradition of public land and housing provision, has adopted it. The aim of this paper is to trace how this change occurred by applying a theory of institutional change. This theory regards institutional change as a two-stage event. Critical junctures for institutional change are preceded by a critical moment in which hegemonic discourses and institutional paths are being challenged by external developments, internal institutional reflection, or a combination of both. In this paper, it is argued that active land provision by Dutch local authorities was challenged by changes in the land market and the dynamics in the social housing sector. These changes led to a critical moment in which public land policy came under pressure, creating a window for new institutional arrangements to be examined. Successful lobbying by housing associations during discussions on the new spatial planning act led to the introduction of inclusionary housing in statutory law. The paper concludes by arguing that the introduction of inclusionary housing does not constitute a break with the Dutch tradition of public provision of land, but is rather a modification of it.


A new circuit configuration uses a single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) and four passive elements to realize both first- and second-order allpass filters. Owing to internal grounding of the OTRA input terminals, effects of input parasitics are significantly reduced. Applications of the circuit include the realization of the phase equalizer, the quadrature oscillator, and the high-Q bandpass filter for analog signal processing. The performance of the allpass filter is illustrated by circuit-level simulation of a quadrature oscillator with CMOS realization of the OTRA.


The mathematical model is established and the MATLAB language file is programmed to determine the optimal design of the transmitting system of mid-speed mill.


Objectives This study found that the importance and proportion of Korean folk play were decreasing in the 2015 revised curriculum, and tried to find ways to revitalize Korean folk play in school. For this, firstly, the Korean folk play's educational values which were reflected in the curriculum documents and reflection aspect were examined. Based on this, strategies to revitalize Korean folk play in Elementary school were proposed.
Methods The data such as previous studies related to Korean folk play, curriculum documents, etc were collected, and as the research method, the literature analysis method was applied.
Results The educational values of Korean folk play were categorized into traditionality, artistry, playfulness, and enjoyment. The aspect of reflecting the educational value of Korean folk play was presented as a content element of the related area without an independent area during the 1st to 3rd curriculum. In the 4th to 6th curriculum, an independent content area was newly established. In the 7th curriculum, the activities by area were divided into mandatory and optional activities, so the examples of physical activity in Korean folk play increased. In the revised curriculum of 2007 and 2009, the independent small and middle areas of Korean folk play were established. In the 2015 revised curriculum, Korean folk play was deeply related to ideas of an educated person and key competencies of curriculum revision. In addition, it had a close relationship with Expressive movement ability and Athletic performance competence, which were the competency of Physical education competencies. Despite the organic relationship with the idea of an educated person and competencies, Korean folk play was gradually introduced as the content factor of the area, and the proportion of this decreased.
Conclusions The ways to revitalize Korean folk play in Elementary school were as follows. First, to enhance the status of Korean folk play, expand the opportunities to choose Korean folk play. Second, teach Korean folk play by integrating or linking between subjects. Third, expand the opportunities to participate in Korean folk play such as linking Korean folk play with the 4th industrial revolution technology.


The present invention relates to continuation development according to manipulator driving head known among the DE-OS3428748.For the scope of activities that increases it and the possibility of use, advised that one has the drive unit of three concentric driving shafts (13,18,26) and can reach a part (1,2,3) that rotatablely moves at four, they incline towards each other and relative drive shaft (4) axle (5,6) at a slant around two, and are supporting rotationally between mutual.


Solar radiation is or vital interest in characterizing an area with respect to its agricultural potential. However, these are not readily available for a large network. An attempt. has been made to deduce solar irradiance from climatic data, such as temperature range.

Based on daily data of Pune for 1986-90, a relationship has been developed between atmospheric transmittance and the daily range of air temperature. The model developed has been tested on independent data and found to give fairly accurate estimation of solar irradiance. Nearly 70% of the variation in daily solar radiation could be explained by this simple method. The effect of solar irradiance on microclimate has also been discussed. The model developed has been tested for Hyderabad and Calcutta and found to give encouraging results.


With the increasing number of video applications, it is essential to resolve issues such as ineffective search of video content, tampered/forged video content, packet loss, to name a few. Data embedding is typically utilized as one of the solutions to address the aforementioned issues. One of the important requirements of data embedding is to maximize embedding capacity with minimal bit rate overhead while ensuring imperceptibility of the inserted data. However, embedding capacity varies depending on the video content and increasing the embedding capacity usually leads to video quality degradation. In this work, a threshold-controlled block splitting technique is proposed for embedding data into SHVC video. Specifically, the embedding capacity can be increased by coding the host video by using more small blocks, which can be achieved by tuning a threshold-controlled parameter in the rate distortion optimization process. Subsequently, the predictive syntax elements in both intra and inter-coded blocks are jointly utilized to embed data, which ensures that data can be embedded regardless of the prediction mode used in coding a block. Results suggest that the proposed method can achieve a trade-off between the increase in embedding capacity and bit rate overhead while maintaining video quality. In the best case scenario, the sequence PartyScene can embed 516.9 kbps with an average bit rate overhead of +7.0% for the Low Delay P configuration, while the same video can embed 1578.6 kbps with an average bit rate overhead of +2.9% for the All Intra configuration.


Background Glucocorticoids (GC) are very commonly used in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment; however their potential risks warrants a rational use. 1,2 Objectives Evaluate the impact of biological therapies on GC use in RA in the clinical daily practice. Methods Descriptive study by reviewing clinical histories of the RA patients (January 2008-December 2010). Patients on GC treatment starting biological therapy were included. Demographic variables, disease variables (duration, RF/ACPA, radiographic erosions, DMARD treatment, previous TNFi or biological treatment) and starting biological, were collected. At baseline (T0), 3 months (T3) and at 1 year (T12), disease activity (DAS28, SDAI), level of functional capacity (HAQ) and the medium dose of GC (prednisone equivalent mg/day) were registered. At T12, GC medium and cumulative dose for the year was calculated and remission by DAS28, SDAI and the new ACR/EULAR 2011 criteria were evaluated. The GC dose were compared between the group in remission and not in remission. Results: Glucocorticoids DAS28 SDAI ACR/EULAR 2011 p Remission No-remission Remission No-remission Remission No-remission GC use (% patients) 37,8% 80,8% 25% 82,9% 20,8% 70,2% <0,001 Medium dose GC T12 (mg) 1,6±2,4 5,1±4,1 1,1±2,0 4,8±3,8 0,9±1,9 3,9±3,7 <0,001 Annual medium dose GC (mg) 1158±848 2179±1291 998±829 2081±1158 1045±903 1781±1171 <0,001 71 patients (84.5% women), medium age 46.1±13.7 and with a disease duration of 9.8±6 years starting biological therapy were included. 70.4% were RF positive, 71.8% were ACPA positive and the 83.1% had radiographic erosions. New biological treatment (ETN 39.4%, ADA 31%, TCZ 25.4%, RTX 1.4%, ABT 2.8%) was associated with DMARD in 87.3% of patients. The GC medium dose showed a sadistically reduction from T0 to T3 and T12, from 9.9±5.9mg to 4.9±5.5mg and 2.9±3.5mg respectively. The GC were stopped in 33 patients (46.5%), reduced in 23 patients (32.4%) and remained stable in 11 patients, only 4 patients required and increase of GC. Disease activity decreased significantly in T3 and T12 and an improvement in functional capacity was observed. A positively, significantly correlation between the GC medium dose and the disease activity by DAS28 was found in T0 (r=0.391; p=0.001), T3 (r=0.398; p=0.001) and T12 (r=0.549; p<0.001) and by SDAI (T0 (r=0.443; p<0.001; T3 (r=0.441; p<0.001; T12 (r=0.663; p<0.001)). At T12 patients in remission (63.3% by DAS28, 50.7% by SDAI and 33.8% by the ACR/EULAR 2011 criteria) showed less GC treatment with significant differences compared to patients not in remission (table 1). Conclusions In our series, 78.9% of the patients reduced or even stopped GC treatment in the first year of biological therapy. The reduction in the GC dose was higher in the first 3 months and in those patients who achieved remission at 1 year. The GC medium dose correlated with disease activity. However, in daily practice 20.8-37.8% of the patients in remision, remained on GC treatment. References Gorter SL, Bijlsma JW, Cutolo M, et al. Current evidence of rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids: a systemic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69 (6): 1010-1014 Smolen JS, Landewé R, Breedveld FC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugsAnn Rheum Dis 2010; 69(6): 964-75 Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The select calculation of the parallel arm of the translation light loader mainframe is finished in the paper, the result of calculation can be applied to the structure design of the parallel arm of the mainframe, the light structure of the parallel arm has been achieved.


This work presents an autotuning method for industrial PID controllers in the 1-dof ISA form. The major feature of the method is that the model structure employed for the process is selected on-line based on a step response record, by means of a multilayer perceptron neural network. Thanks to the exclusive use of normalized I/O data, the network can be trained off-line with simulated data, therefore simplifying the method's implementation. Once the model structure is selected and its parameters are identified, the IMC approach is used for synthesizing a regulator that is then approximated with a PID. Simulation and experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed tuning method and its advantages with respect to IMC-based PID tuning with the model structure fixed a priori.


Yin and yang, as the core content of the ancient Chinese philosophy, has huge and far-reaching influence on Chinese culture. Up until the time of Inner Canon of Huangdi, three yin and three yang thinking model came into being, which had been used in the theory of meridians, the theory of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences, as well as differentiation of syndrome in accordance with the theory of six meridians. However, there was no agreement among the opinions of the development process of three yin and three yang thinking. The direct evidence of the development from one yin and one yang, two yin and two yang to three yin and three yang thinking was not clear. Therefore, the present paper has combed the materials from yi Jing, Tao-te Ching, Huang Di Si Jing and Yi Zhuan, and has found that Huang Di Si Jing was the critical point in the development process of three yin and three yang thinking. Thus, the development of three yin and three yang thinking of traditional Chinese medicine has been clarified.


A cell outage compensation algorithm based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for a three-tier hetrogeneous network (HetNet) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is non-machine learning based to reduce the complexity of the compensation scheme, and to eliminate the need for training. Simulation results show that cell outage compensation is successfully achieved, provided that base stations (BSs) of sufficient capacity are deployed near users in outage. The RSSI values after compensation are also higher than those during the outage. Additionally, the proposed algorithm outperforms a k-means clustering scheme when allocating users in outage to neighbouring BSs.


This paper provides evidence that institutional investors show preferences for large capitalization stocks, with good financial performance, high degree of leverage, low trade frequency, low annual return, and low price to book value ratio. Dividend Yield and stock volatility as measured by the standard deviations of daily prices do not seem to play an important role in institutional choice. The prudent man rule and fiduciary responsibilities of institutional managers might be good reasons to explain our findings.


The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different C/N ratios in bio floc systems on growth performances and digestive enzymatic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out using inland ground saline water at 15 ppt salinity fortified with potassium and magnesium ions. Bio floc developed with different C/N ratios as treatments T1 (5:1), T2 (10:1), T3 (15:1), T4 (20:1) and T5 (25:1) respectively by manipulating the C/N content in feed and water by adding rice bran as carbon source and without bio floc used as control. After optimum floc produced in experimental tanks the juveniles Litopenaeus vannamei (avg wt. 3.37±0.03 gm) were stocked. At the end of the experiment the weight gain % and SGR was found higher (p 0.05). A better FCR T4 (1.04a±0.01), T3 (1.12a±0.02) and T5 (1.16a±0.03) was observed significantly lower from control (2.23d±0.04) and T1 and T2. Similarly, significantly higher FER and PER was registered in T4 compared to control, T1 and T2 respectively. However, no significant difference in FER and PER was observed between T3 and T5. The 100% survival reported in treatments T1,T2, T3 and control groups with 99.33% and 94.33% survival reported in T4 and T5 groups.The different levels of C/N ratios in bio floc improved (p


The existence of spin connection resonance (SCR) is demonstrated in magnetostatics by developing the Gauss Law of magnetism and the Ampère Law in the context of generally covariant unified field theory, i.e. Einstein Cartan Evans (ECE) field theory. One example is given where an analytical solution is possible. At SCR in magneto-statics the magnetic field is greatly amplified for a given driving current density. Tuning to SCR means tuning a wave-number or frequency, and constructing an equivalent circuit based on the relevant resonance equations.


The transient sensitive trigger (TST) was used to improve the RC delay time of the long interconnection in deep sub-micron process. The conventional TST circuit has a threshold voltage drop during transitions which results in a longer delay time. In this work, modified techniques are proposed to improve the drawbacks of the conventional TST. The new versions have 45-74% delay improvement compared to the conventional TST, simulated using a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The proposed circuits can be applied to the receiving of long interconnection signals for high-speed VLSI applications.


Nanometer scale patterns have been fabricated on a Langmuir–Blodgett deposited monolayer film of stearic acid using a scanning tunneling microscope in air. Carbon deposits build up underneath the tip for tip voltages with absolute value greater than 4 V. Using an atomic force microscope for image, lines 25 nm wide on a 60 nm period have been written. As confirmed with Auger electron spectroscopy, the unexposed film can be removed with a chloroform soak without affecting the existing carbon patterns, and no additional patterns could then be written because of the removal of the monolayer film.


Meeting the long term needs of the DOE nonproliferation mission as well as future space exploration initiatives requires the development of large aperture space based optical systems to achieve dramatic improvements in resolution and sensitivity. While many researchers are considering on-orbit assembly of rigid optical mirror segments to circumvent geometric limitations imposed by launch vehicles, their volumetric and weight constraints limit the aperture diameter to less than ~10 meters. Therefore, ultra large apertures will likely only be obtained using deployable thin-skin mirror technology. Ultra large deployable thin-skin mirrors may offer orders of magnitude improvement in resolution and sensitivity over what is achievable today, yet many technological barriers must be overcome to make this approach a viable alternative for future system designs. Of primary concern is the development of control methodologies for achieving and maintaining optical tolerances from a highly flexible surface. This report summarizes an initial research effort into the development of piezoelectric thin-skin mirrors. A thin-skin piezoelectric bimorph mirror will bend in response to an applied electric field and can therefore be deformed into desirable shapes using a scanning electron gun. Recent progress is described in the key areas of experimental testbed development, mirror figure sensing methods, electron gun excitation, and shape control algorithm development. Results show that although this field of research is in its infancy, many of the technological barriers to realization of a deployable mirror are surmountable. Continued research in this field is warranted on the basis of its potential for dramatically improving the resolution and sensitivity of future space based optical systems.


There are getting increased in requirement of Echo-Friendlly Lighting System for Rolling Stock. Therefore Lighting System is replaced with LED Lighting System. Fluorescence light is replaced with low power LED lamp, and it is tried to use middle or high power LED lamp that is getting down as a commercialization cost. This paper reviews a study of shape and structure requirement for LED head light of urban railway. In additional, this paper also reviews a shape of bulb type head light.


A Light-emitting diode chip is specified, comprising: - a semiconductor body (1) having a top surface (1a), and - a converter element (2) attached to the top surface (1a), wherein - the semiconductor body (1) is based on a III-V or a II-VI semiconductor compound material, - the semiconductor body (1) comprises at least one active region (12) which emits electro-magnetic radiation during operation of the light-emitting diode chip, - at least a part of the electro-magnetic radiation leaves the semiconductor body (1) through the top surface (1a), - the converter element absorbs at least a part of the radiation which leaves the semiconductor body (1) through the top surface (1a) and re-emits electromagnetic radiation having a larger wavelength than the absorbed electromagnetic radiation, - the converter element (2) comprises a plurality of electrically inactive nanostructures (21), and - each nanostructure (21) is based on a III-V or a II-VI semiconductor compound material.


The effect of ultra-fine fly ash(UFA) collected by electro-static precipitators and airflow classing technology on durability of high performance concrete(HPC) were investigated. Test results indicated that addition of UFA improved the frost resistance of concrete and impermeability,unit area abrasion value of high-performance concrete containing UFA reduced in different degree.It also had excellent protective bars performance. At the same time,UFA could improve the sulfate attack resistance of high performance concrete. In a word,UFA improved durability of high performance concrete durability


This paper experimentally implements an adaptive control method that completes conversion between different modes. A charge coupled device (CCD) camera is used to capture the field distribution of the experimental output light. To maximize the correlation between the measured field distribution and the target mode profile, this method uses simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to control the phase modulation (PM) of the experimental input light by a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). Experimental results show the conversion is able to achieve between various linearly polarized (LP) modes. Introduction In recent years, due to the rapid growth of capacity requirements, spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is becoming a new hot spot in optical communication [1]. SDM uses the spatial dimension to increase the capacity limit of single fiber. And as an implementation of SDM, mode division multiplexing (MDM) makes use of the modes in multimode fiber (MMF) as channels to transmit information. Research shows that it is possible to suppress the crosstalk between modes with future technological developments, thus MDM is great potential [2]. As the basis of MDM, mode conversion is used to achieve data exchange in the future optical network. In the existing study, there are 2 main methods to achieve mode conversion, waveguide structure method [3] and free space optical path method [4]. The method of this paper belongs to the free space optical path method, but it is different from the most methods. The method described here requires no prior knowledge of the optical system and treats the entire optical system as a black box. The method of this paper is a kind of adaptive control [5] method. The only concerned performance indicator of the optical system is the correlation between the field distribution captured by a charge coupled device (CCD) and the target mode profile. To achieve the desired control target, which is to maximize the correlation, this method produce the corresponding feedback law by simulated annealing (SA) [6] algorithm to control the phase modulation (PM) of the experimental input light by a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). There are five sections in this paper. In Section 2, the experiment setup is introduced. In Section 3, the adaptive control algorithm is described. In Section 4, the experimental results is shown. Finally, there is a conclusion in Section 5. Experiment setup The experiment setup of this paper is shown in Fig. 1. In the experiment, light is generated from a laser (1550nm). Then the light is transmitted to a fiber collimator through a MMF. After being collimated, the light is transmitted to a polarizer through the free space optical path. Next the linearly polarized (LP) light is transmitted to a phase-only SLM (Holoeye, Pluto) through the free space optical path. 4th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 106 The phase-only SLM approximately has the effective area of 15.36mm 8.64mm  and the number of pixels is 192


Six formulae of plating solution were studyed in the experiment. The first formula was cyanide plating solutions. The others formulae based on the EDTA as primary complexing agent, C6H5O7K3•H2O and KNaC4H4O6•4H2O as auxiliary complexing agent. Bath quality of the six formulae were examined and Compared. The results show that the EDTA system improve the ability of throwing power, covering power, current efficiency and reduce the bath voltage. In some ways, the performance of EDTA system were better than cyanide plating solutions, such as the deep plating ability, dispersing power, cathodic current efficiency.


This paper describes the designation of the test points for optimal results of a fixed-site monitoring system to test a differential axle which is typically used in passenger vehicles. The system integrates an axle, a fixed axle mounting structure, a coupled induction motor, a set of sensors and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, these components in conjunction with the development of virtual instrumentation are arranged to achieve real-time vibration and frequency monitoring of a differential axle under experimental controlled conditions. The execution of the test under this platform has yielded an acceptable performance yet to confirm in future works that could be a way to make mechanical condition diagnosis for the item tested.


In the era of the Internet of Things, the service industry has changed forever. The latest ICT (Information Communication Technology) provide us the best opportunity ever to better understand customers. The mindset of human-centered design emphasizes the importance of human beings (customers and designers) in design. To further incorporate human behaviors and other social and natural environment factors to build smarter service systems, we propose a new approach, the semiparallel service system (SPSS), which follows the ACP framework an emerging methodology in complex systems modeling. The core of SPSS is the hybrid service system, where designers are decision makers who control the artificial service system via behavioral rules. With behavioral rules, artificial service systems learn from real service system as well as big data from customers and the environment. With the hybrid service system, we can design prototype, perform experiments and run the system in parallel with the real service system. According to life cycle management concept, we expand system engineering method "Vee" model to "N" model to implement our SPSS framework. Finally, we use the case of internet hospital design and evaluation to demonstrate the advantages and potentials of SPSS, followed by a discussion of the future research challenges.


United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), an international treaty to prevent the regulation and global warming, has passed through the General Assembly for 17 times from 1992 to 2011. To create a performance plan specific, such as the Kyoto Protocol, it is to promote the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gases worldwide. In South Korea, Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation(KISTEC) is working and supporting for developing method of green remodeling policy. Among several solutions, `Remodeling` ensures to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, and consequently it could maintain buildings high efficiency. For remodeling projects, it is most important to determine construction plan including remodeling scopes and methods, while the plan has been determined by the engineer`s background and experience. Therefore, this study aims at developing a method for selecting optimal skin system which has remarkable influence to energy performance of the buildings.


A communication system is always prone to impairments, impairments such as noise, inter symbol interference (ISI) etc. are a major threat in channels but they are always compensated by the receiver in communication system. The compensation is usually done by introducing equalization and its different techniques. Submitted paper starts with equalization methods for doubly selective channel. To recognize the technique like Maximum Likelihood (ML), similarly another technique called Zero Forcing (ZF) and finally this paper will focus on Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) techniques and its complexity reduction by using Conjugate Gradient method. In MMSE Serial Linear Equalizer (SLE), different windows from channel are taken and recover the original out of it, whereas MMSE Block Linear Equalizer (BLE) recovers the signal from the whole block. MMSE-BLE gives better performance than MMSE-SLE considering values of Bit Error Rate (BER). The channel model considered for MMSE was SISO and MIMO. The performance of MMSE-BLE is enhanced by reducing its complexity by using the iterative methods. We use Conjugate Gradient algorithm, which is one of the best among all the iterative methods.


Let X1, X2, ... denote independent, identically distributed random variables with common distribution F , and S the corresponding random walk with ρ := limn→∞ P (Sn > 0) and τ := inf{n ≥ 1 : Sn ≤ 0}. Under the assumption that X is in the domain of attraction of an α-stable law with αρ < 1, we find an estimate for P (Sn > x|τ > n) which holds uniformly as x/cn → ∞, where cn denote the norming constants associated with the random walk. With aperiodic lattice random variables X, we prove that the analogous local result holds, under the additional assumption that the mass function of the step distribution of X is regularly varying at infinity. This result is of particular interest as it is related to the bivariate ladder height process ((Tn, Hn), n ≥ 0), where Tr is the rth strict increasing ladder time, and Hr = ST r the corresponding ladder height. The renewal mass function g(n, x) = ∞ r=0 P (Tr = n, Hr = x) can then be rephrased as g(n, x) = P (Sn = x|τ > n)P (τ > n), where the behaviour of P (τ > n) is known for asymptotically stable random walks.


Strategy is defined by paradox.1 As Clausewitz formulates it, warfare is a struggle in which each party attempts to impose its will on the other. Conflicting wills create paradoxes, in which the right choice may be the least logically obvious one. This interplay of forces cannot be separated from strategy's political element.2 War is a political activity – politics is, in part, the domain of the will. The relationship between politics, strategy, and history contains another paradox. Deriving strategy from purely historical assumptions helps create military organizations that "fight the last war," rather than recognize the conditions that define the contemporary balance of power. Conversely, deriving strategy from abstract analyses of capabilities and assumptions of human rationality provides an inaccurate model of both politics and conflict. Good strategy is a mean between fighting the last war and abstractions, however rational. Strategy is political. Since man is by nature political, history is simply politics reiterated in different circumstances. Examining history helps the strategist to identify political universals within strategic and geographic limits, deriving "lessons" that are as close as possible to timeless. History trains the strategist to understand particularity, thereby cultivating the practical requirements for statesmanship and, by extension, strategy-making. Mankind's relationship with the sea is ancient. The Hebrew Bible recounts the Noaic Flood, in which God, angry at the world's wickedness, sent a great storm to wipe it clean. As the tale goes, all of creation rode out the storm in a massive ship – captained by the eponymous prophet. In more historical terms, the first human civilizations sprouted alongside the


e14643 Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with capecitabine and cisplatin in elderly patients with squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. Methods: 75 patients elder than 70 years with histologically proven squamous cell esophageal carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. 40 patients were treated with concurrent CRT (CCRT) consisted of two cycles of intravenous cisplatin and oral capecitabine during and after radiotherapy. 35 patients were treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) as two cycles of capecitabine plus cisplatin before and after radiotherapy. The response rate, overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and toxicity were compared between two groups. Results: The response rate in the CCRT group was significantly higher than those in the SCRT group (82.5% vs 60.0%, p=0.023). The median OS time and PFS time of the CCRT group were significantly longer than those of the SCRT group (...


This study aimed to explore the factors that impact teacher performance, particularly the role of work motivation, job satisfaction, administrative support, and student outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, including a survey and semi-structured interviews. The survey was distributed to 100 teachers, while the interviews were conducted with 10 teachers. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative findings revealed that work motivation, job satisfaction, and administrative support significantly predicted teacher performance, while student outcomes had a non-significant relationship with teacher performance. In contrast, the qualitative findings showed that work motivation, job satisfaction, administrative support, student outcomes, work-life balance, school culture, and professional development opportunities all play a critical role in teacher performance. The study suggests that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact teacher performance. Teachers need to be motivated and satisfied with their work, feel supported by their administrators, and have opportunities for professional development


This paper discusses the design and testing of an elasto-flexible morphing wing configuration allowing massive variation of the wing planform. The wing structure consists mainly of an articulated leading edge spar over which an elastic skin is spanned, forming the actual aerodynamic surface. The configuration of the leading edge spar, actively controlled, sets the overall planform of the wing whereas the elastic membrane just passively deforms under aerodynamic loading. A wind tunnel half model of the wing was tested at three different wind speeds. Results from force measurements show the dynamic pressure dependency of the aerodynamic characteristics due to the high flexible wing construction. Also, the comparison of the drag polars of three different configurations of the wing show that planform morphing effectively provides significant variation in lift and drag characteristics, thus allowing to improve aerodynamic efficiency over a variety of missions.


Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences, died onMarch 5, 2007 after a long severe illness. B A Mamyrin was born on May 25, 1919 in the town of Lipetsk. Having graduated from a secondary school in Saratov, he enrolled in 1937 in the Physics and Mechanics Department of Leningrad Polytechnical Institute (LPI). As an LPI freshman and sophomore, Mamyrin took part in oscilloscope development work. In 1939, third-year student Mamyrin volunteered for military service in the war against Finland, immediately displaying his passion for all things technical Ð he was in a unit that saved Red Army soldiers from frostbite using high-frequency irradiation. During Great Patriotic war Boris Aleksandrovich was on active duty in the army and in the Communications Academy. In 1948, Soviet Army captain Mamyrin was invited by Academician A F Ioffe to the Physico-Technical Institute (FTI, or Fiztekh); he was demobilized and started as senior research worker in Yu ADunaev's laboratory, which worked on isotope separation for the Atomic Project. In 1949, Mamyrin wrote, submitted, and successfully defended his thesis ``Modulating circuits for uranium-isotope-separation facilities by high-frequency method'' for Candidate of Technical Sciences. As any work on isotope separation and enrichment requires knowledge of the composition of the compounds involved, mass spectrometry analysis was started at Fiztekh and Mamyrin began to work in this field in the laboratory headed by V M Dukel'sky, together with more experienced experimenters who were already well known: N I Ionov, N V Fedorenko, and E Ya Zandberg. Boris Aleksandrovich's talent for seeing the general behind a particularity, of approaching any problem from contrasting standpoints, of regarding any device or instrument as an object for making improvements, of identifying weak spots and suggesting novel solutions manifested itself here in full measure. One of the main principles of Mamyrin's work was that any research effort should be extended to its logical end: the implementation of the result of research as a practical device or as an industrially produced item, or the development of an instrument with improved parameters or of a completely novel device, or obtaining a numerical value of a quantity measured. Mamyrin and his co-workers along with colleagues from other institutions developed with equal relish highvacuum metal seals allowing numerous close ± open cycles, ion sources, modulators, phase shifters, broad-band amplifiers, stroboscopic devices for weak signal extraction, electrometric amplifiers, open-input dynode multipliers (in collaboration with M R Ainbund, G S Vildgrube, and N V Dunaevskaya), vacuum leak-valves, and many other elements or devices that are still used by experimenters. Many of Mamyrin's publications deal with developing methods for measuring certain physical quantities: extremely low pulse voltages and currents, the characteristics of gas discharge, plasma parameters at high discharge current densities, small inhomogeneities of magnetic induction in high-intensity fields, etc. In 1966, Boris Aleksandrovich Mamyrin presented and brilliantly defended a thesis ``Studies of ion separation by time-of-flight technique'' for Doctorate of Physicomathematical Sciences. In the mid-1970s, he received a Professorship certificate. In 1981, Mamyrin organized at the A F Ioffe FTI the first mass spectrometry laboratory in the USSRAcademy of Sciences with the task of developing new mass-spectrometric techniques for utilization in fundamental and applications-oriented research. Mamyrin's main contribution to science was made in the field of dynamic mass spectrometry and its applications. In contrast to static mass spectrometers in which ions with different mass-to-charge ratios are separated in constant electric and magnetic fields, ions in dynamic spectrometers Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 177 (6) 693 ± 694 (2007) Translated by V I Kisin PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


Data Analysis is performed in all domains due to the enormous growth of data in this digital era. Each and every second data's are being generated for all applications through multiple sources. The major sources are from the web sources like sensor devices, camera, online transactions and user logs. The social media transactions include Face book, Twitter and LinkedIn, which are used predominantly all over the world. Once this process is done in a better way, the computation on these data provides and better insights. In this paper the data of comma patients are taken with various parameters available in the dataset. Various parameters are analyzed and the reason for the occurrence of Coma is predicted by building the Machine Learning Model. Here the computation extends to the level of Prediction based on the Analysis performed on the stored and streaming data's. To achieve better prediction multiple Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms are used. Based on the type of Analysis as Classification or Prediction the Models are chosen. These models are acted upon with Training data and Test data before performing the prediction. Upon the prediction the corresponding applications are improvised and the maximum attainment level is reached in order to gain maximum benefits. This paper consolidates and compares among multiple recent Tools and Techniques available to handle any Big Data Applications.


The synthesis of a novel spiro-oxazolidin-2-one chiral auxiliary from both enantiomers of the common terpene camphene is described. The compound is formed via nitrene insertion and its structure has been determined by both NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Evaluation of the functional isation conditions for this hindered oxazolidin-2-one have been carried out and it has been observed that zinc salts give superior yields of N-acyl products compared to the use of the orthodox lithium or halomagnesium salts. It has been demonstrated that using suitable conditions the auxiliary is capable of inducing high degrees of stereoselectivity in a variety of enolate reactions including alkylation, acylation and aldol condensation. Unsaturated acyl derivatives undergo Diels-Alder cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene in the presence of diethylaluminium chloride to give adducts with very high diastereomeric excess. Michael additions of aluminium reagents to these acyl derivatives also give high diastereomeric excesses where the possibility of formation of a cationic intermediate exists. When such intermediates cannot be formed, in particular addition of trialkyl aluminium reagents, very low diastereomeric excesses are observed. 1,4-Conjugate addition of magnesium reagents is dependent on the presence of copper catalysts but the reactions proceed with high stereoselectivity and the intermediate enolates may be readily alkylated with equal selectivity. In many cases the so formed adducts have been cleaved to give the newly created chiral fragments in high optical purity and chemical yield with almost complete recovery of the auxiliary (>90%). The application of a combination of stereoselective 1,4 conjugate addition and aldol condensation reactions has been applied to the synthesis of a number of substituted 3carboxy-7-lactones (paraconic acids). The stereochemistry of these target molecules has been readily created with a high degree of specificity in very good chemical yield. In one attempted synthesis use of a surprisingly stereoselective lithium enolate aldol condensation is described. The origins of this selectivity have been proposed after considering the selectivities of a number of different substrates. However removal of the chiral product fragment from the auxiliary leaving both intact has been found to be highly dependant on both the functionality and stereochemistry of the adduct. Further applications of the auxiliary to short natural product synthesis and the potential of these routes is also briefly described.


We report on the first pointed X-ray observations with XMM-Newton and RXTE satellites of the X-ray source RX J0757.0+6306 = HT Cam. We detect a strong 515 s X-ray modulation confirming the optical photometric period found in 1998, which definitively assigns this source to the intermediate polar class of magnetic cataclysmic variables. The lack of orbital sidebands in the X-rays indicates that the X-ray period is the spin period of the accreting white dwarf. Simultaneous ultraviolet and optical B-band photometry acquired with the XMM-Newton Optical Monitor and coordinated optical UBVRI photometric data acquired at the Nordic Optical Telescope (La Palma) show that the optical pulse is in phase with the X-rays and hence originates in the magnetically-confined accretion flow. The lack of ultraviolet spin modulation suggests that accretion-induced heating on the white dwarf surface is not important in this source. Spectral analyses of XMM-Newton EPIC and RGS data show that HT Cam has a multi-temperature spectrum and, contrary to most intermediate polars, it does not suffer from strong absorption. With its 86 min orbital period, HT Cam is the third confirmed system of this class below the 2-3 h period gap accreting at a low rate.


The Holy Roman Empire, the tradition of the Reich and German particularism German protestantism and the relationship of Church and state the individual and the state in 18th- and early 19th-century Germany Weltliteratur and Nationalliteratur in their relationship to the Enlightenment Germany's "Pedagogical Province" the rise of the Buerger and the establishment of a nation state the decline of philosophical idealism and the road to inhumanity Germany today - a re-evaluation survey of historical data survey of major cultural periods/events.


Octaammonium chloride salt of octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(oap-POSS) was synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of γ-aminopropyltrithoxysilane in the methanol solution catalyzed by concentrated hydrochloric acid.The salt was precipitated with tetrahydrofuran.It was characterized by FTIR, ~1H NMR, ~ 29 Si NMR, ~ 13 C NMR and DSC.The effects of temperature,reaction time,amount of hydrochloric acid,amount of THF on yield were discussed in details.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the volume of γ-aminopropyltrithoxysilane,methanol,hydrochloric acid and tetrahydrofuran was 15 mL,360 mL,30mL,and 250 mL respectively.The reaction temperature was 90℃ and the reaction time is 18 hours.DSC analysis showed the melt point was 412.65℃.


This paper seeks to provide a sketch of a micro-level explanation of public finance. De Viti De Marco (1936) and Buchanan (1949) provide initial starting points for understanding this view of public finance, which was subsequently extended by Wagner (1992, 2007a) and Yoon (2000), among others. While these scholars focus on the fiscal commons created by communal property rights within public sectors, this paper focuses on the power to tax and provide public goods. Building off of Hebert and Wagner (2013), this paper provides a catallactic explanation of taxation and provision of public goods within the individualistic state, where the state is represented as the sum of its individual members acting in a collective capacity.


Recently, a new approximation of a layer surrounding the scatterer and not reflecting outgoing waves was proposed and employed for computing the scattering from convex conducting cylinders. Here this technique is applied to impedance structures. The layer consists of cells and placed on the scattering surface. Inside each cell, the field scattered is expended in terms of waves propagating from the cell sides except the outer one. The realizability and appropriateness of the construction are checked by solving the scattering from circular and rectangular impedance cylinders. The approach takes advantage of simplicity and provides sufficiently accurate results in wide range of frequencies.


We propose a method that enables decision makers to formulate OLAP queries. Firstly, the decision maker's analysis requirements are expressed as an extended rationale diagram. Subsequently, using the extended rationale diagram, we verify whether it is possible to get the information from the data warehouse. If it is, we generate the outline of the corresponding OLAP query. If it is not, we inform the user about the missing information.


Considering the significance of methanesulfonate (MSA) in the sulfur cycle and global climate, we analyzed MSA and other ionic species in snow from the coastal Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. MSA concentrations recorded were high (0.58 ± 0.7 µM) with ice-cap regions showing significantly higher concentrations (df = 10, p < 0.001) than ice-free regions. High nutrient concentration in ice-cap snow appears to have favored algal growth (7.6 × 102 cells l − 1) with subsequent production of brominated compounds. The consequent elevated Br − (3.2 ± 2.2 µM) in the ice-cap region could result in the release of Br atoms through photoactivated reactions on aerosols and the snow surface. Activated Br atoms in the atmosphere could react with ozone leading to BrO enhancement with subsequent dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation and production of sulfur aerosols. Since BrO based DMS oxidation is much faster than the OH/NO3 pathway, elevated Br − in ice-cap snow could contribute more than ice-free sites towards formation of cloud condensation nuclei at the expense of ozone.