Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of servant leadership and perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour through the mediator of lecturer commitment. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research adopts a quantitative approach. Lecturers from private universities in regional higher education service institutions (LLDIKTI) III DKI Jakarta, Indonesia formed the research population. Purposive sampling was employed as the sampling technique. Data collection involved surveys using a questionnaire as the research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. Findings: The results demonstrate that servant leadership and perceived organisational support positively and significantly influence lecturer commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour. However, lecturer commitment does not significantly mediate servant leadership or perceived organisational support and organisational citizenship behaviour. Research limitations/Implications: Further research could examine other variables that can mediate servant leadership and perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour. Practical implications: The managerial implication suggests that university management should prioritise servant leadership and lecturer commitment to enhance lecturers' performance of extra roles (organisational citizenship behaviour). Originality/Value: This study shows that lecturer commitment does not significantly mediate servant leadership or perceived organisational support and organisational citizenship behaviour.


Currently, quite accurate measurements of atmospheric gusts are carried out by airport systems only in the vicinity of the runways. There is a still open issue of availability of information about real wind gusts at cruising altitudes and during approach at a considerable distance from the airfield. Standard on-board systems of a jet transport airplane provide some information which is desirable to have knowledge of how flight parameters reflect real gust parameters and their impact on the aircraft dynamics. The paper proposes an algorithm for headwind gust magnitude estimation in relation to aircraft response. The analysed estimation algorithms assume the use of data available from the existing on-board systems only without the employment of any extra sensors or ground and satellite systems. In this way, many problems caused by different structures, configurations, and ways of installation of additional sensors and structural changes are rejected. The algorithms use the classical method for estimation of wind parameters as well as a linear longitudinal model of aircraft dynamics, taking into account the influence of wind gusts. Data fusion was realised with the use of three filtration methods. Results were evaluated to select the most accurate method of the estimation. Test data were obtained from advanced flight simulation. The experimental scenario considered a flight of a passenger twin-engine jet airplane through a layer of programmed gusts. The results of the flight simulations allowed us to determine the accuracy of the proposed gust estimation algorithms in reference to the ideal wind-speed data analysis obtained directly from the simulation environment (with the accuracy of the simulation process). The use of the proposed gust estimation algorithms may provide more accurate signal for integrated on-board systems, especially for wind shear detection and sped-up response time of flight control systems, protecting aircrafts against the adverse impact of encountered wind shear or gusts, e.g., auto-thrust or auto-throttle systems. The dedicated algorithm presented in the paper may increase the safety level of take-off and approach phases in gusty conditions and also during significant changes in wind speed at cruising altitudes in the case of crossing the area of jet stream occurrence.


To improve water injection effect, microemulsions (MEs) were used to wet coal seam compared with water and sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (SDS). Wetting effects were characterized by contact angle, X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the microemulsion has better spreadability on coal surface and has stronger wettability for coals of different ranks and different particle sizes than traditional wetting agents. The W/O type microemulsion is more affinity to coal than the O/W type and the bicontinuous type.Oxygen and hydrogen contents contributed to wetting. Different wetting agents have the greatest impact on the oxygen-containing functional group absorption zone of coal, but have little impact on the change of clay mineral composition.As the content of quartz increased, the content of montmorillonite was decreased, and the hydrophilicity of coal was increased. This research proposes new ideas for solving coal dust problems and reducing coal mine disasters.


This paper investigates the effect of line termination matched to the characteristic impedance of the channel, multiple input multiple output modeling communication channel. This model is based o conductor transmission line theory and electromagnetic theory. Using this model, frequency dependant line parameters are used and frequency dependant transfer function If the transmission line is terminated correctly, significant improvement in the transfer function and capacity transmission line can be observed. ����= ��������+ ����. (1)


Planet CCRMA at Home [2] is a collection of packages that you can add to a computer running RedHat 9 or Fedora Core 1, 2 or 3 to transform it into an audio workstation with a low-latency kernel, current ALSA audio drivers and a nice set of music, midi, audio and video applications. This presentation will outline the changes that have happened in the Planet over the past two years, focusing on the evolution of the linux kernel that is part of Planet CCRMA.


To the Editor

We read with great interest the report by Ibarra and Rogers1 on the issue of fixation time and HER2/neu expression. The authors report that fixation times do not seem to have an impact on the expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemical analysis.

Preanalytic factors, including time from excision to fixation and time of fixation, are critical to obtain reproducible and reliable immunohistochemical HER2/neu results.2–4 Tissue fixation is an important process that requires placing the tumor in …


A unique approach to retroperitoneal tumors is described, utilizing an inverted U‐shaped incision that allows exposure of the retroperitoneum, great vessels, and intraperitoneal organs.


C.S. Peirce's semiotic approach admits the possibility of natural signic systems. This article explores the possible connection between the concept of elementary particle and the irreducible relations of Peircean semiotics. The potentialities and the limitations of a semiotic vision of elementary physical processes are addressed.


Objective: The effectiveness of a phytobiotic based on active metabolites of Nigella sativa L. against typical microorganisms of opportunistic microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of highly productive cows was studied. Initially, the inhibitory activity of the phytobiotic was studied on cultures of wild multi-antibiotic-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated on a commercial dairy farm. It was found that the phytobiotic had the ability to inhibit the growth of isolates on the nutrient medium, but the severity of the inhibitory effect varied notably. At the second stage, an experiment was conducted with the local application of phytobiotics on cows that had inflammatory complications of the postpartum period. The results of the experiment showed a pronounced inhibitory effect of the phytobiotic on S. aureus, Str. uberis, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, C. albicans, and P. mirabilis. There was an involution of inflammatory symptoms and normalization of the clinical and microbiological state of the mucous membrane after the use of a phytobiotic preparation.


The flow channel model of large mixed gas pressure control valve was established.CFD software was used to analyze the dynamic property.The three-dimensional model of control valve was also analyzed by finite element software,obtaining frequency and mode shapes.On the basis,the anti-earthquake performance was discussed.The research indicates that the lowest natural frequency is greater than the general frequency of earthquakes,so resonance can't be occurred during earthquakes.It has excellent anti-earthquake performance.


Thomas Schelling is a political economist "conspicuous for wander-
ing" — an errant economist. In Choice and Consequence, he ventures into
the area where rationality is ambiguous in order- to look at the tricks peo-
ple use to try to quit smoking or lose weight. He explores topics as awe-
some as nuclear terrorism, as sordid as blackmail, as ineffable as
daydreaming, as intimidating as euthanasia. He examines ethical issues
wrapped up in economics, unwrapping the economics to disclose ethical
issues that are misplaced or misidentified.


Purpose: In the article the author presents the results of research into the subjective assessment of knowledge about investments and examples of emotional investing and investment choices of young people. The author tries to predict the directions of development and trends in the field of emotional investments. The main goal was to establish how emotional investments are perceived by young people in comparison to other age groups. Methodology: The article uses a critical analysis of the literature, the method of a diagnostic survey and the method of statistical inference. Findings: Most people describe their knowledge about investments as average. Most respondents indicated that an emotional investment means being involved in their own development. The smallest percentage of respondents described jewellery as an emotional investment. There is a statistically significant correlation between the perception of emotional investments and the gender of the respondents, education and the source of income. There are significant differences in the distribution of spare financial resources between Generation Zalpha and the rest of the population. Value: This paper shows the approach of the young generation to investment. Do young people choose to "have" or "be"? What do young people understand by investing? And what it means for young people to invest in themselves. Paper allows young people to guess investment thoughts. It also allows you to try to define the direction of development and interests in the future. Paper is also a great inspiration for further research. Keywords: household; personal finance; financial decisions; emotional investments. Category of the paper: market research or surveys, empirical, scientific.


The calculated hyperpolarisabilities of substituted polythiophenes, polypyrroles and polyfurans containing an electron donor at one end of the molecule and an electron attractor at the other increase slowly with increasing number of heterocyclic rings. If the effective hyperpolarisability per unit volume is considered, the maximum values are obtained for the bifuran, the terpyrrole and the quaterthiophene. The largest hyperpolarisabilities are predicted for the polythiophenes, followed by the polypyrroles with the polyfurans showing the smallest values. Both the polythiophenes and polypyrroles have larger calculated hyperpolarisabilities than the similarly substituted polyphenyls but smaller than the corresponding polyenes.


This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal worm eggs Neoascaris vitulorum Friesian Holstein infecting calf. On the results of these studies are expected to know the type worm eggs, so as to give disease control measures including the


To create a new virtual reality space, it is important to obtain a human characteristic based on a psychophysiological analysis of a human sensation, KANSEI and an involuntary physiological response. We propose a new method of psychophysiological assessment based on a bodily sensation that is essential to virtual reality.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Excess hepatic and pancreatic fat may contribute to hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dapagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor) on anthropometric profile, liver, and pancreatic fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This is an observational interventional paired study design without a control group. Patients (n, 30) were given dapagliflozin 10mg/day (on top of stable dose of metformin and/or sulphonylureas) for a period of 120 days. Changes in anthropometry (circumferences and skinfold thickness), surrogate markers of insulin resistance, body composition, liver, and pancreatic fat (as were measured by MRI-derived proton density fat fraction) were evaluated.

RESULT
After 120 days of treatment with dapagliflozin, a significant reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, circumferences, and all skinfold thickness was seen. A significant reduction in blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, hepatic transaminases, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment -insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and postprandial C-peptide was noted while HOMA-beta, post parandial insulin sensitivity and fasting adiponectin were significantly increased. There was no change in lean body mass. Compared to baseline there was a significant decrease in mean liver fat fraction (from15.2 to 10.1%, p <0.0001) and mean pancreatic fat fraction (from 7.5 to 5.99%, p <0.0083). Reduction in liver fat was significant after adjustment for change in body weight.

CONCLUSION
Dapagliflozin, after 120 days of use, reduced pancreatic and liver fat and increased insulin sensitivity in Asian Indian patients with T2DM.


With this volume, the editors of the Hofstra Law Review introduce a new section: "Ideas." "Ideas" will serve as the vehicle for short pieces—from three to ten pages in length and having a minimal number of footnotes—on topics of interest to scholars and practitioners. There will be no subject-matter restrictions and no requirement that the pieces relate to one another. "Ideas" will not be a symposium, but a collection of brief observations on important legal questions. The editors hope to attract submissions from the academy and from prominent members of the bench and bar as well. The inauguration of this section responds to a real need in legal scholarship. Law reviews today are dominated by lengthy articles with hundreds of footnotes. It is not all that uncommon for pieces to run a hundred pages or more. These articles are often worthwhile, but their sheer density may put off some authors—and readers—who are genuinely interested in legal ideas. One leading law review recently announced that it would give a preference to articles under fifty pages long, but there is value in even more abbreviated treatments of legal questions. A quick thought after class, an insight on reading a case, can be very helpful in stimulating discussion and debate. To some degree, Internet blogs have begun to fill the need for short legal commentary. Blogs can be valuable additions to scholarly discourse, but they have their own drawbacks. They are ephemeral, they sometimes lack academic rigor, and they are easily lost in the vastness of


Entrepreneurs take advantage of all kind of help and they give it to others, as well. Help, in meaning as a peculiar instinct and impulse of solidarity in human relations, is very positive social reactions that encourage and stimulate development and progress. In spite of that kind of help there is also another one, which very often has a bad effect on society. The state offering unskillfully help and assistance to entrepreneurs make them, in most cases, lay claims to state. In such a situation entrepreneurs concentrate upon searching for loans, grant and subsidy instead of running their own company. To make matters worse, they make their success dependent on assistance and help from the state. In such situation responsibilities for theirs own existence are less important than awareness of being protected by the state. When the help for entrepreneurs is connected with the condescending behavior, it could cause negative attitude and assertion of claim and would result in growing disrespect of knowledge and new claims. Taking everything into account, help and assistance for entrepreneurs should be offered in a partnership way in order to the make a positive reflections and attitude to the market


Objective:In order to recognize the brain chronic damage due to hypertension further,the evolution of MR imaging and immunohistochemistry in hypertensive rats were assessed.Methods:28 adult SD rats,after killed one,others were grouped normal(n=10) and hypertension(n=18) at random.Before and after operation,we measured the blood pressure of the tail artery and performed MR scan every two months.During the mean time,one rat was killed in every group.The immunohistochemistry changes of rat brain was observed by MBP staining.Results:In normal group,MRI findings of rats brain were normal.In hypertensive group,enlargement of lateral ventricle from the 8th month.The immunohistochemical changes observed in periventricular caudate putamenarea were degeneration of gliocyte,a little vacuolar in myelin sheath.The strip shape hyperintensity at paraventricle which was detected on the MRI was characterrized by degeneration and proliferation of gliocytes,degeneration of myelin sheath.Conclusion:There are obviously immunohistochemistry changes and abnormal MRI finding in caudate putmanarea only in older rats with chronic hypertension.


Frontline intensification (including consolidative whole‐brain radiotherapy or high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem‐cell transplantation after induction therapy) has been proposed to treat primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, no prospective randomized trials have answered whether frontline intensification can offer a survival benefit to PCNSL patients. We aim to clarify the outcomes and survival influence of frontline intensification on real‐world patients with different risk‐stratified PCNSLs.


Mixed liquid crystal formation has been studied in a new binary system comprising para nitroazobenzene derivatives, in which one component was a mesogen and the other was a non-mesogen. The mixtures were found to exhibit a monotropic nematic phase which was converted to an enantiotropic phase in specific ranges of temperature and concentration. The latent liquid crystal-isotropic transition temperature (LTP) of the non-mesogen was obtained by using the extrapolation method of the transition temperature-composition curve and the equal- G analysis method. The LTPs of the non-mesogen obtained by the above two methods showed good agreement with each other. The low-temperature transition of the mixtures detected by DSC was attributed to a change of the crystallite size.


An improved bioassay for concentrations of the fumigant acrylonitrile is described, using adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in 20-ml syringes as test insects [see RAE/A 63, 84]. A linear relationship was demonstrated between knockdown time and concentration of the fumigant when plotted on a logarithmic scale.


2174 Objectives Characterization of PET imaging systems is normally done with phantoms with hollow spheres, filled with radioactive solution. These phantoms are not well suited for the evaluation of algorithms for monitoring tumor response, because the inactive wall leads to quantification errors in the presence of background activity. Therefore, we developed a method for the reproducible production of F-18 labeled tumor models with epoxy resin, who have no inactive walls and are based on real CT tumor geometries. Methods From CT data sets tumor geometries are segmented and converted into STL-files that describe the surface geometry. Based on these data different reusable negative molds are made by solid freeform fabrication. With these molds the final tumor model is made in specially tailored epoxy mixed with desired concentration of F-18. Also solid spheres with diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28 and 37 mm were made with these technology. Results The repeated production of the models using the negative molds can be easily performed. Handling of the models is also easy. Tumor models and solid spheres were placed in a standard NEMA phantom and PET/CT data sets with varying background concentration were acquired. The F-18-activity is stable in the epoxy matrix and is not diffusing into the surrounding background. Recovery coefficients (RC) for epoxy spheres were measured and compared with those obtained for fillable spheres in the presence of background activity. RC of the epoxy spheres were found to be up to 17% higher than for fillable spheres, due to missing inactive walls. This is in concordance to previously reported results for wax spheres. Conclusions Reproducible production of radioactive models without inactive walls is possible. They are very similar to the situation in patients and might be valuable for evaluating consistency and accuracy of tumor delineation methods in multi center trials.


The problem of assigning conference paper sub-missions to suitable reviewers can be viewed as a variant of the general problem of technical paper recommendation. In both cases one would ideally like to direct only those papers that are of the greatest interest to the appropriate set of people. Current attempts to automate the conference reviewing process have typically converted it into a task that requires reviewers to rate keywords and sift through long lists of abstracts to (cid:12)nd those that are appropriate for their interests and background. In this paper, we propose an automated method for recommending small focused sets of papers to reviewers. We show how intelligent paper recommendation can be performed by combining techniques from information retrieval and database technology, and by mining multiple information sources from the Web. We use abstracts of papers submitted to AAAI-98 and data mined from the home pages of its program committee members, and we evaluate our approach based on actual reviewing preferences given by the committee members.


This collection of essays on the "new workplace" brings together two themes - new management practices and trade unionism. By starting from the premise that effective trade unions are essential to the wages and conditions, and democratic rights of working people, the book goes on to show how unions have gradually been forced out of the mainstream of British working life. The volume brings together writers in the field - Storey, Kelly, McKinlay and Taylor - as well as some of the researchers from across a number of discipline boundaries. There is a reassessment of "classic" studies of workplace relations and with its sociological approach, the book discusses the situation of unions and how they should attempt to regain their central role of representative institutions.


While the design of automated knowledge-based sensor scheduling is relevant to many multi-target detection and tracking problems, tracking algorithms are rarely built for this purpose and their outputs provide little flexibility for the design of sensor policies. In this paper, we present an estimation framework for stochastic populations in the context of multi-target estimation problems. Fully probabilistic in nature, it allows for the evaluation of the population of targets through statistical moments, as well as the assessment of sensor observations through information-theoretical gain functions. We present a principled solution derived from this framework addressing challenging multi-target scenarios involving missed detections and false alarms, the filter for Distinguishable and Independent Stochastic Populations, which propagates information on previously-detected targets as well as yet-to-be-detected targets while maintaining track continuity.


Within the wavelength range from 351 to 799 nm, the different reductions of nucleation field induced by the focused continuous laser irradiation are achieved in the 5 mol % MgO-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystals. The reduction proportion increases exponentially with decreasing irradiation wavelength and decreases exponentially with increasing irradiation wavelength. At one given wavelength, the reduction proportion increases exponentially with increasing irradiation intensity. An assumption is proposed that the reduction of nucleation field is directly related to the defect structure of crystal lattice generated by the complex coaction of incident irradiation field and external electric field. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.


User mobility is a feature that raises many new security-related issues and concerns. One of them is the disclosure of a mobile user's reai identity during the authentication process, or other procedures specific to mobile networks. Such disclosure allows an unauthorized third-party to track the m.obile user's movements and current whereabouts. Depending ou the context, access to auy information related to a mobile user's location without his consent can be a serious violation of his privacy. This new issue might be seen as a conflicting requirement with respect to authentication: untraceability requires hiding the user's identity while authentication requires the user's identity to be revealed in order to be proved. What is needed is a single mechanism reconciling both authentication and privacy of a mobile user's identification. The basic :solution to this problem is the use of uliases. Aliases insure untraceability by hiding the user's real identity as well as his relationship with domain authorities. In this paper, we present a classification scheme to identify the various degrees of untraceability requirements. We then present an efficient method for the computation of aliases and apply It to a new set of inter-domain authentication protocols. We demonstrate that these protocols can be designed to meet various degrees of untraceability requirements. In designing these protocols, we try to avoid the drawbacks of authentication protoc:ols in existing mobile network architectures such as CDPD and GSM.


Adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR) has been widely adopted to support video streaming services over heterogeneous devices and varying network conditions. With ABR, each video content is transcoded into multiple representations in different bitrates and resolutions. However, video transcoding is computing intensive, which requires the transcoding service providers to deploy a large number of servers for transcoding the video contents published by the content producers. As such, a natural question for the transcoding service provider is how to provision the computing resource for transcoding the video contents while maximizing service profit. To address this problem, we design a cloud video transcoding system by taking the advantage of cloud computing technology to elastically allocate computing resource. We propose a method for jointly considering the task scheduling and resource provisioning problem in two timescales, and formulate the service profit maximization as a two-timescale stochastic optimization problem. We derive some approximate policies for the task scheduling and resource provisioning. Based on our proposed methods, we implement our open source cloud video transcoding system Morph and evaluate its performance in a real environment. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed method can reduce the resource consumption and achieve a higher profit compared with the baseline schemes.


Abstract The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) was an integrated care pathway for patients in the final days or hours of life, developed at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital in conjunction with the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool. The LCP became increasingly the normative style of care for patients in the terminal stage across NHS England from the 1990s onwards. Following significant questions raised in Parliament, by the media and other stakeholders, an independent review panel was established under Baroness Neuberger in 2013 to investigate the LCP. The findings of the panel were published as More Care Less Pathway: a Review of the Liverpool Care Pathway identifying significant failings in the delivery of the LCP thus leading to it being phased out some six months later. Rather than being euthanasia through the backdoor, many of the criticisms of the LCP and its poor implementation are indicative of poor communication, limited knowledge of the dying process and a paucity of death education.


As part of upwelling ecosystem project of the Cabo Frio region, 653 female of E. longimanus were obtained by monthly sampling from November 1986 to October 1988. Histological analyses were done in order to verify the type of spawning. Mean size at first spawning and the spawning season was determined The results indicate that mean size at first maturation is 75 mm standard length and all females were ready for reproduction at 95 mm Multiple spawning for the species was estimated, occurring from end of spring until the beginning of Fall, with peak spawning summer at water temperature between 13.2 and 18.7oC (upwelling period in the region).


The development of new treatments and effective strategies to prevent or reverse human diseases must be the main goal of the health systems of a nation. This objective is easily established when the system effectively translates the results of biomedical research into clinical practice and uses these results to make decisions regarding health policies. Translational medicine is the basis of this type of progress, constituting a continued process that involves the direct application of discoveries made in research laboratories to the development of studies in human beings. In addition, translational medicine brings together all the results from relevant studies and applies them in clinical practice in an attempt to improve health conditions and the quality of life of the population and facilitate the adoption of the best medical practices by the community. Thus, it has been recognized by the leading scientific journals and the major funding agencies that neuroscience is a biomedical field that is growing more rapidly in the developing world than in developed world. This observation is also valid for Latin American countries, particularly Brazil. This fact can be clearly demonstrated by the study performed by Nitrini in 2006, which evaluated 295 Brazilian clinical neuroscientists and their publications (1). He showed that more than 40% of Brazilian papers were published in Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, the official journal of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, and that epilepsy is one of the sub-areas with the highest level of scientific production (1). The focus of scientific research on epilepsy is justified for several reasons.

According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), epilepsy is defined as the transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain (2). Epilepsy is a neurological condition that knows no geographic, social, or racial boundaries, occurring in men and women and affecting people of all ages, although it more frequently affects young people in the first two decades of life and people over the age of 60 years (3,4). From an epidemiological point of view, epilepsy is among the most common serious neurological conditions, and it has a prevalence of approximately 1% in developed countries (1,5). Annually, 24 per 100,000 persons suffer from epilepsy in Europe, and 53 per 100,000 are affected in North America (5-7). In developing countries, the incidence is higher than that in industrialized countries, and up to 190 per 100,000 individuals suffer from epilepsy (8,9).

Because epilepsy is a chronic disease, several factors have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy (3). There is a general consensus that stigma and exclusion are common features of epilepsy in both developed and developing countries (3,10). Furthermore, epilepsy often has profound physical, psychological, and social consequences because seizures may cause misunderstanding, fear, secrecy, stigmatization, and social isolation (3,10). All facts reported above have been confirmed by the ILAE's reports, reinforcing the hypothesis that the psychosocial effects experienced by persons with epilepsy are not always a consequence of the course of the disease but often result from discrimination and misconceptions about this condition (11).

From another perspective, we can ask the following question: what are the main causes of epilepsy in the tropics that result in these multifaceted problems? Certainly, several factors may explain the high prevalence of epilepsy in the tropics, such as a higher rate of exposure to prenatal risk factors, a very high frequency of head injuries and the presence of various parasitoses of the central nervous system (CNS) (12-14). Among these causal factors, endemic parasitic diseases are most likely the most common preventable risk factors for epilepsy worldwide (12-14). In the mid-1990s, the ILAE established a special Commission on Tropical Diseases to comprehensively evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, immunologic diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and socioeconomic risk factors to identify solutions to the problems faced by patients with epilepsy in the tropics (15-17).

It has been demonstrated by several researchers that various parasitic diseases are important causal factors of epilepsy in individuals living in the tropics. These diseases include neurocysticercosis, cerebral malaria, neurotoxoplasmosis, neuroschistosomiasis (bilharziasis), and cerebral Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) (12,18). According to the studies of Finester and Auer (18), because the outcome of cerebral parasitoses is dependent on early and effective treatment, diagnostic procedures need to be optimized and made available, particularly in endemic areas (18). Furthermore, these researchers also believe that parasitoses are still a worldwide health problem, the solution for which requires the cooperative effort of global, regional and local health authorities and also the education of those at risk of becoming infected (18). Obviously, we are in complete agreement with these suggestions and take the opportunity to note that the global campaign evaluated in 1997 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), called Global Campaign against Epilepsy: Out of the Shadows, had as its mission statement to improve the acceptability, treatment, availability of services, and prevention of epilepsy worldwide (19). To do so, several goals were carefully delineated to increase public and professional awareness of epilepsy as a universal, treatable brain disorder: to raise epilepsy to a new plane of acceptability in the public domain; to identify the needs of people with epilepsy on a national and regional basis; to encourage governments and departments of health to address the needs of people with epilepsy, including awareness, education, diagnosis, treatment, care, services, and prevention; and to promote public and professional education about epilepsy (19). Regarding the educational efforts, Latin American researchers have established plans and developed highly specific actions with the aim of meeting these goals. The Latin American Summer School on Epilepsy (LASSE), a program run by the Educational Program of the ILAE with the support of the Brazilian League of Epilepsy (BLE), has an important role in meeting these goals.

In 2002, the summer schools on epilepsy became a new didactic experience. These schools have been run by the International School of Neurological Sciences, in Venice, Italy, with the participation of researchers in basic and clinical fields related to epilepsy. Because professors and students are in contact for two consecutive weeks, this specific school has facilitated the integration of these two groups, allowing a better understanding of how new discoveries benefit people with epilepsy. Based on this successful experience and with the implementation of an Educational Program for the ILAE in 2006, we are also expanding this type of activity to the countries of Latin America, with the objective of improving the knowledge of the basic and clinical neuroscientists who are active in this field. In brief, the aim of the LASSE is to teach attendees to acquire basic knowledge about the pathophysiology of epilepsy to promote the understanding of the clinical aspects of epilepsies and to benefit from the mutual exchange of information between basic scientists and clinicians. Furthermore, it is important to note that the LASSE primarily targets physicians currently in training or who have recently specialized in neurology or other related fields and research scientists from academia and the pharmaceutical industry who have an active interest in epileptology.

Finally, we would like to note that we will continue to offer such a summer course, and we have the great satisfaction of announcing that, in 2013, the primary topic of the VII LASSE will be Seizures and Epilepsy in the Tropics. We are sure that this program will be highly successful, with contributions from and participation by researchers and students at all levels (undergraduate master's and PhD) in the field of neuroscience in Latin America.


Solid state power conditioners have historically presented poor power factors to single phase supplies. An analysis technique is presented, while several typical input currents are discussed and waveform bounds presented which allow high (0.9) power factors.


Recent progress in the construction of time dependent solutions of supergravity theories corresponding to so called spacelike branes will be reviewed.


Depression is a psychological disease with high incidence and high rates of disability, mortality, and recurrence in psychiatric clinics. The most common treatment for depression is drug therapy and non-drug therapy. The efficacy of drug therapy has been widely confirmed in clinics, however, due to the serious adverse reactions, slow onset, and bad compliance of drug therapy, the combination with non-drug therapy is usually used instead. For some patients with mild depression, only non-drug therapy has good clinical effect.

Key words:
Depression; Non-drug therapy; Current status


The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different medium on the growth of potato plantlets in vitro and get the optimum medium.The stems of Zhongshu 4 were cultured with different medium by agar solid culture.The growth of plantlets in vitro was observed and their root number,root length,stem length,stem diameter,leaf number and yield were measured.There was no significant difference in the potato plantlets in vitro in different medium in the initial growth stage,but their anaphase of growth stage was different.The growth of plantlets in vitro in the medium of potato culture medium + Mn 0.16 mg/L + Mo 0.1mg/L +1/4 MS(NH4NO3+KNO3+KH2PO4)was best among 6 kinds of media.The seedlings were strong,orderly,uniform and the area of leaf was large,with the cultivation survive rate in protected land was 100%,with the highest yield.The study supplied a theoretical basis for optimizing the medium for the growth of potato plantlet in vitro.


The present invention, in addition to the low modulus and high elongation, to provide a particularly useful 1-component silicone compositions, and methods of making these sealants as an excellent sealant in heat resistance and moisture resistance. In particular, the present invention is chain-extended curable polyorganosiloxane, provides a composition comprising a high molecular weight silicone gum and a curing system. The composition may, for example, can be used to seal the seams of automobile air bags.


The February 2001 eruption of Cleveland Volcano, Alaska allowed for comparisons of volcanic ash detection using two‐band thermal infrared (10–12 μm) remote sensing from MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES 10. Results show that high latitude GOES volcanic cloud sensing the range of about 50 to 65°N is significantly enhanced. For the Cleveland volcanic clouds the MODIS and AVHRR data have zenith angles 6–65 degrees and the GOES has zenith angles that are around 70 degrees. The enhancements are explained by distortion in the satellite view of the cloud's lateral extent because the satellite zenith angles result in a "side‐looking" aspect and longer path lengths through the volcanic cloud. The shape of the cloud with respect to the GOES look angle also influences the results. The MODIS and AVHRR data give consistent retrievals of the ash cloud evolution over time and are good corrections for the GOES data.


Summary: Nitrogen metabolism was studied in three preterm infants (mean gestation 32 wk) by the method of consecutive metabolic balance. The absorption and retention of nitrogen from breast milk was measured, and protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were calculated from isotopic plateau of urinary urea and ammonia using an intermittent oral administration of 15N-glycine. Weight gain and nitrogen retention were compared with the weight gain and nitrogen accumulated for a foetus of equivalent gestational age in utero.The average composition of the milk was 289 ± 19 KJ dl-1 and 1.44 ± 24 g protein dl-1. The intake of energy was 572 ± 61 KJ kg-1 day-1 and of nitrogen 447 ± 99 mg kg-1 day-1. Stool output of nitrogen was 100 ± 32 mg kg-1 day-1 giving an absorption of 348 ± 78 mg kg-1 day-1, as urinary excretion was 91 ± 17 mg kg-1 day-1 retained nitrogen was 256 ± 71 mg kg-1 day-1, or 56% of intake.The specific weight gain was 15.6 ± 2.6 g kg-1 day-1 and 53% of this comprised lean tissue (range 34 to 89%). In all but one study the postnatal retention of nitrogen fell far short of calculated in utero accumulation.The results of protein turnover were surprising. In six of the eight studies urinary urea failed to become enriched at all. Protein turnover calculated from the ammonia plateau was 1.94 ± 0.54 g nitrogen kg-1 day-1, synthesis 10.9 ± 3.4 g protein kg-1 day-1 and breakdown 9.3 ± 3.4 g protein kg-1 day-1.It is concluded that the amino acid composition of breast milk may be inappropriate for supporting rates of lean tissue deposition equivalent to in utero accumulation.Speculation: Endogenous synthesis of glycine in preterm infants may be inadequate to meet the needs of growth, making glycine a semiessential amino acid in this situation. The glycine content of breast milk may be insufficient to meet the requirements of preterm infants.


In this paper, using quality management tools, we track root causes and principal causes of the rising manufacturing cost of the bar soaps and propose solution to solve the problem. First, we identify and analyze the roots causes of problem with the Fishbone Diagram. We use multivoting approach to reduce roots causes to main causes, from which we identify, classify and analyze principal causes using the Pareto Diagram. We then perform a deep analysis of these principal causes using the 5 whys analysis technique. Three principal causes were found high level of overtime, poor machine performance and poor employee's performance and were weighing 55% of the problem. For that reason, working on these areas was necessary to address the problem of the rising manufacturing cost of the bar soaps. With the result, we then use the PDCA/ 7 steps of TQM method to solve the problem of the rising manufacturing cost by testing whether expanding production capacity leads to performance improvements of these areas. We decide to expand production capacity by adding two more machine groups. Six months after implementation of the proposed solution, the result shows an enhanced workload and schedule, an increased production capacity, an elimination of the overtime issue, an increased machines performance and an improved workers performance. Two main savings were achieved as wage costs and maintenance costs. As a result, while competitor's bar soaps prices increased, the company bar soaps price decreased by 50%, making the company bar soaps more attractive on market, as this performance permitted the company to apply price reduction at the retailer level.


This project is based on an domotic system which implements services as security, wellness, and comfort that we will be describing next, Security: It helps to detect intrusion using a different types of sensors like virtual or electric fences, Presence simulation and programing automated closing,. Welfare: Seismic detection by vibration sensors, fire detection, gas detection, management on medical alarm, emergency or panic. Comfort: Management of electric devices by setting hours of ignition, an automated air conditioning, ventilation, the use of natural and artificial lighting, and the possibility to integrate an irrigation system or garage. This product is designed only for homes, and has the ability to be integrated with conventional sensors on the market, to work with electronic systems and could be controlled over GSM networks to make easer the use of this device for its users. The principal purpose of this prototype its focus on an intelligent automation according to the needs of its users, letting them interact with the system by a dynamic and easy way, ensuring its effectivity. To reach our objectives on this device we will put into practice our knowledge on signatures like Requirements Analysis, Analog Electronics, Programming Language, Digital Electronics, Cellular Networks, Security, and Last Mile Technology.


This paper proposes a novel local path planning algorithm for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star (RRT*) has recently gained immense popularity in the path planning as it provides a probabilistically complete and asymptotically optimal solution. But the uniform random sampling strategy of the traditional RRT* results in blind searching and massive computation. Our algorithm introduces a reference path guided non-uniform sampling approach to improve the planning performance. When the reference path is available, the RRT* based planner samples along the reference path. When there are obstacles on the reference path, guide points are generated to guide the sampling. Simulation results show that the algorithm can reduce the blindness of search, decrease the number of extended nodes, and generate smoother paths.


In response to Cyprus Hotel Association's foresight to test how Cyprus' year 2010 official strategy might affect tourist arrivals, hotel bed capacity and profitability and the island's environment, this study looked at Cyprus' hotel value chain within the island's tourism customersupplier value chain. It focused on relations among tourism sectors as well as on links with and leaks to other socioeconomic sectors, including the environment. A system dynamics simulation model helped compute 35 scenarios of what might happen to Cyprus' tourism over the next 40 years. The faithful reproduction of historical tourism and bed capacity data through a 40-year time horizon shows the model's usefulness. The 35 strategic scenarios assess hotel value-chain sensitivity (25 scenarios), tourism growth (4 scenarios) and tourism seasonality (6 scenarios), along with their potential effects on the sustainability of Cyprus' environment and hotel profit.


Spectral mixture analysis has a history in mapping snow, especially where mixed pixels prevail. Using multiple spectral bands rather than band ratios or band indices, retrievals of snow properties that affect its albedo lead to more accurate estimates than widely used age-based models of albedo evolution. Nevertheless, there is substantial room for improvement. We present the Snow Property Inversion from Remote Sensing (SPIReS) approach, offering the following improvements: 1) Solutions for grain size and concentrations of light absorbing particles are computed simultaneously; 2) Only snow and snow-free endmembers are employed; 3) Cloud-masking and smoothing are integrated; 4) Similar spectra are grouped together and interpolants are used to reduce computation time. The source codes are available in an open repository. Computation is fast enough that users can process imagery on demand. Validation of retrievals from Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) against WorldView-2/3 and the Airborne Snow Observatory shows accurate detection of snow and estimates of fractional snow cover. Validation of albedo shows low errors using terrain-corrected in situ measurements. We conclude by discussing the applicability of this approach to any airborne or spaceborne multispectral sensor and options to further improve retrievals.


Small "femto slider" instead of pico slider has been applied to hard disk drives to reduce the cost. One of the most important evaluation items was the load/unload behavior, especially for the reliability with femto slider. We investigated the load/unload behavior of femto slider by laser doppler vibrometers and compared it with that of pico slider. The results showed that neither slider/ dimple separation during unloading nor pitch vibration after unloading occurred, because of the small residual negative force. However, even femto slider showed vibration after unloading when Z-height was set smaller than nominal, which increased the residual negative force. In addition, "pitching-forward" of slider was observed during loading with extremely small Z-height, regardless of slider size. Small dots at the leading edge effectively prevented the pitching-forward, most likely due to lower friction at the leading edge of slider at loading.


Soybean hulls contain peroxidase (SBP) and Bowman–Birk type protease inhibitor (BBI). SBP is used in the European bread-baking industry, and BBI isolated from dehulled, defatted soy flour possesses cancer-preventive and anticarcinogenic properties. Because hulls possess a low percentage of nitrogen, with fibre and other carbohydrates being the major components, our objective was to determine whether air classification of milled hulls could be used to fractionate and enrich these value-added proteins. Hulls were pin milled three times at 18 000 rpm, followed by air classification to yield fractions with particle size distributions ranging from 30 µm. The finely ground fractions with particle sizes ranging from <15 to 18 µm were enriched with nitrogen and lipid when compared with the more coarsely ground fractions. Yields of extractable nitrogenous components from aqueous extracts were quantified at a variety of pHs, homogenisation speeds and times. BBI and SBP were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with known standards. Based on assays for SBP and BBI activities, BBI, though concentrated in the finer fractions, also appeared in the highest-mass, coarsest fraction, whereas SBP resided mainly in the coarsest fraction. Dry milling and air classification of soybean hulls proved beneficial to distribute SBP into a product stream that facilitates its isolation and purification. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As from time to time it is impractical to ask agents to provide linear orders over all alternatives, for these partial rankings it is necessary to conduct preference completion. Specifically, the personalized preference of each agent over all the alternatives can be estimated with partial rankings from neighboring agents over subsets of alternatives. However, since the agents' rankings are nondeterministic, where they may provide rankings with noise, it is necessary and important to conduct the trustworthy preference completion. Hence, in this paper firstly, a trust-based anchor-kNN algorithm is proposed to find $k$-nearest trustworthy neighbors of the agent with trust-oriented Kendall-Tau distances, which will handle the cases when an agent exhibits irrational behaviors or provides only noisy rankings. Then, for alternative pairs, a bijection can be built from the ranking space to the preference space, and its certainty and conflict can be evaluated based on a well-built statistical measurement Probability-Certainty Density Function. Therefore, a certain common voting rule for the first $k$ trustworthy neighboring agents based on certainty and conflict can be taken to conduct the trustworthy preference completion. The properties of the proposed certainty and conflict have been studied empirically, and the proposed approach has been experimentally validated compared to state-of-arts approaches with several data sets.


Scholars of medieval thought have occasionally noted the various manifestations of entrelacement in the literature, the art, the religious writing, and the scholarly treatises of the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The term entrelacement refers to an aesthetic of the times, a mode of perception that can appear in different creative spheres and can assume various forms. Eugene Vinaver points out the parallels between interlace ornament in manuscript art and interlace structure in the French prose romances, and he suggests a further relationship to the scholastic principle of manifestatio. G. Webb also notes the similarity between the habits of thought producing the detailed, highly unified theology of the eleventh-century Cistercian writers and the elaborate compositions in the areas of art and literature; he comments that, 'One is conscious of magnificently uncluttered minds that rejoiced in fitting masses of detail into coordinated schemes.'


In vitro propagation study was carried out at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. It was conducted using Completely Randomized Design with two factors.  The first factor was plant growth regulator (PGR), consist of nine concentration mixture of IBA (0, 0.5, 1 mg/L) and BAP (0, 1, 2 mg/L). The second factor was grape varieties, consisted of Prabu Bestari and Jestro Ag 86.  There were five replicates for each treatment combination. Variable observed included presence and absence of callus, percentage of callus growth, percentage of shoot growth, number of shoot per explants, emergence of shoots, percentage of root growth and number of roots per explants.  Data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).  When treatment showed a significant different (P < 0.05) or highly significant (P < 0.01) mean separation was conducted following Tukey Test. Data were analyzed using MINITAB Statistical Program. Results showed that PGR and varieties was highly significant for percent of callus growth.  PGR also showed significant effect on shoot growth percentage, while there was significant difference found on root growth percentage.  It can be concluded that combination of 1 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L BAP was able to produce the highest percentage of callus growth. Addition of 2 mg/L BAP without IBA was able to produce the highest percentage of shoot growth. Percentage of root growth of Jestro Ag 86 was higher than Prabu Bestari.


The design and application of a patented active actuator design that combines the radial and axial actuator into one combination radial-axial actuator is presented. The theory of operation of the actuator is defined and magnetic finite element analysis modeling shown verifying operation. Its mechanical construction is then presented to show how this actuator configuration is successfully integrated into a mechanical system. Applications up to 60,000 rpm are then presented, with a detailed presentation of a 42,000 rpm energy storage flywheel currently under test at the University of Texas Center for Electromechanics. INTRODUCTION Conventional active magnetic bearing systems, whether electromagnet bias or permanent magnet bias, typically utilize three actuators for a 5-axis system (shown in Figure 1). This would be in the form of two radial actuators, each supporting and controlling two radial axes, and a thrust actuator supporting and controlling a single axial axis. Each actuator axis functions independently to provide forces in its defined axis for stable support and control of the levitated rotor. FIGURE 1. Three Bearing, Five Axis System The elimination of one actuator can simplify the system, reduce overall system size, possibly improve rotor dynamics and simplify control, and inherently reduce cost. A five axis, two bearing system is shown in Figure 2. These benefits have been realized to some extent with conical active radial bearings utilized to provide axial centering. However, this type of system presents manufacturing, control and integration challenges, in addition to issues with the long distance between the two radial bearings providing the axial control. What is needed for most applications is a full five active axis system to meet the load capacity and control requirements in all five axes adequately. FIGURE 2. Two Bearing, Five Axis System The combination bearing presented in Figure 3 reduces the total actuators required for a five axis active system from three to two, with one active actuator supporting and controlling three axes. This combination actuator configuration offers high radial and axial load capacities typically required for all active magnetic bearing systems. The simple construction and the elimination of a separate thrust actuator minimizes the space necessary to integrate the design and also minimizes rotor diameter, making it well suited for high-speed applications. FIGURE 3. Three Dimensional View of Combination Bearing MAGNETIC DESIGN This novel bearing design is constructed in a homopolar configuration such that the bias field is one polarity on all the radial poles, and the opposite polarity on the axial poles (i.e. the bias field enters the rotor through the radial air gaps and exits the rotor through the axial air gaps). This eliminates field polarity changes in the radial air gap to minimize rotor losses [1,2]. The design utilizes a permanent magnet or electromagnet to provide both radial and axial bias fields. The permanent magnet provides the linear negative stiffness benefit as present in the radial homopolar magnetic bearing [3]. Control coils for each radial axis and the axial axis act independently to modulate forces in each of the independent axes. The control field boosts the bias field in the direction of added force, and bucks the bias in the opposite pole. This difference in opposite pole fields provides the net force in the direction desired. The combination radial/thrust bearing utilizes a single radially polarized permanent-magnet ring to energize the radial and axial magnetic air gaps. The packaging of the control coils and ferromagnetic pole pieces results in virtually all of the volume being utilized functionally, leaving very little unused space within the confines of the bearing module. This highly efficient use of volume results in maximum spatial, magnetic, and electrical efficiencies. Figure 4 identifies the primary components of the bearing. Pole


The stem piece as material was used to discuss the problem of the different hormone selected on the induction and proliferation of the fasciculate bud.The results showed that the medium with MS+6-BA2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.05 mg·L~(-1)+GA_31.0 mg·L~(-1) gave the best effect.


This paper explores three methods for electro-hydraulic actuator redundancy management strategies based on fuzzy aggregation, Mamdani's fuzzy logic rules, and fuzzy neural network theory. These intelligent management schemes and implementation strategies are studied for a designed hardware-independent redundancy loop. Fault identification and isolation and system reconstruction are performed by combining fuzzy clustering with Mamdani's fuzzy control, a fuzzy neural network, and redundancy management. Simulation analyses of the three algorithms are performed and loop simulation models are established based on the analysis algorithm. The methods proposed in this paper can solve the problem of misjudgment encountered in traditional methods and can also avoid uncertain states in the system.


There is no other journal in the world from which an anthology comparable to this could have been compiled. It contains two dozen articles published during the forty-two years of Foreign Affairs' existence: the astonishing fact is that, though they have been carefully creamed off, what has been omitted is not in any way skimmed milk. This is a tribute to the standing of Foreign Affairs as a forum for opinion on international affairs and to the capacity of its editors to persuade scholars and statesmen to contribute. The anthology is exciting primarily because of the mixture of scholarship with committed politics which it provides. The articles have been selected not to present a balanced view of the development of Africa over the last four decades but by the criterion that 'they have something to say that has bearing on the present and future of Africa'. Because of this some critics might argue that the contemporary African political visionaries, like Nkrumah, are over-represented and that one or two of the earlier pieces are less significant than they could have been, for it has always been easy to make vague general predictions about the continent's future which could subsequently be regarded as profound. What has been correspondingly difficult is to make precise forecasts of the trend of events over a period even of five years. The most important characteristic of Africa, from the point of view of the West and indeed of all who have sought to intervene in her affairs, is, in fact, unpredictability. The significance of a particular contribution to this book ought to be judged by its appreciation of the fundamental truths about the rest of the world's relations with Africa rather than by the accuracy of its prophesies. It is interesting, for instance, to be reminded that Lugard's justification of indirect rule really amounted to a perception that self-government may be preferable to good government. His description of 'the illusion' that the District Officer in a colonial administration was 'running the show' in his district is a valuable corrective to those who are still nostalgically inclined to dream of a firm white hand on the reins of power. In a sense all the articles are professions of personal faith of one kind or another. For this reason they are all at least indirectly expressions of racial attitudes. Evans Lewin writing in July 1926 on 'The Black Cloud in Africa' described the black African as faced, in the countries where European settlement


This research invested the learning motivation of the junior students of Changsha by questionnaires。The results are as follows,(1)the junior students have three kinds of leaning motivations, of which the deep and the achievement motivations both play the leading roles, the surface motivation follows.(2)there are not significant sex differences on each of the three learning motivations, while different grades have significant difference only on achievement motivation.(3)there are certain differences between the excellent and the straggling students on three learning motivations, moreover,there is great significant difference on achievement motivation.


Fruit juice (FJ) can provide significant quantities of essential micronutrients, such as potassium, magnesium, folate, vitamin A and vitamin C as well as polyphenolic compounds. FJ consumption has been associated with superior dietary quality (1) and with cardiovascular benefits including improved endothelial function (2) and reduced risk of stroke (3) . This study analysed 2 years of data (2008–2010) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) using files obtained from the UK Data Archive (4) . The purpose was to explore associations between fruit juice consumption and dietary quality (macro-and micronutrient intakes), socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and health indices, including anthropometric measures. NDNS is a cross-sectional survey on a rolling basis, 4-day food diaries were available for 2126 respondents ( n 1095 children aged 1 to 18 y; n 1031 adults aged 19yrs upwards). Data were weighted to account for sampling and non-response bias. Consumers of (100%) FJ were defined as those who recorded drinking any FJ during the survey. Regression was used to adjust for effects of age and sex on anthropometric indices. Mean FJ consumption over the total population was 70g/d, (146 g/d among consumers). FJ consumption was associated with higher dietary quality (% of RNI) and lower risk of inadequacy (% < LRNI) for several micronutrients. FJ consumers ate more fruit and vegetables than non-consumers and were more likely to achieve the 5-a-day target. Children who consumed FJ also consumed fewer soft drinks (both sugar-sweetened and low calorie) and savoury snacks but this was not observed for adults. FJ consumers had lower BMI (adjusted mean difference - 1.2kg


Background: Evidence-based interventions for treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in youth are limited and little is known about specific and general mechanisms of OUD treatments and how they promote abstinence. Methods: The present study used data from the NIDA-CTN-0010 trial to evaluate the mediating effects of psychosocial treatment-related variables (therapy dose and therapeutic alliance) on end-of-treatment opioid abstinence in a sample of youth with OUD (n = 152, 40% female, mean age = 19.7 years) randomized to receive either 12-weeks of treatment with Bup/Nal ("Bup-Nal") or up to 2 weeks of Bup/Nal detoxification ("Detox") with both treatment arms receiving weekly individual and group drug counseling ± family therapy. Results: Participants in the Bup-Nal group attended more therapy sessions (16 vs 6 sessions), had increased therapeutic alliance at week-4, and had less opioid use by week-12 compared to those in the Detox group. In both treatment arms, youth who attended more therapy sessions were less likely to have a week-12 opioid positive urine. In a multiple mediator model, therapy dose mediated the association between treatment arm and opioid abstinence. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary support for a "dose-response" effect of addiction-focused therapy on abstinence in youth OUD. Further, the results identified a mediating effect of therapy dose on the relationship between treatment assignment and opioid treatment outcomes, suggesting that extended Bup-Nal treatment may enhance abstinence, in part, through a mechanism of therapy facilitation, by increasing therapy dose during treatment.


In the present study, six numbers of Schiff bases (1-6) have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide and substituted aromatic aldehyde. The purities of these Schiff bases have been checked by their physical constants, IR, H NMR, and CNMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of these Schiff bases have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.


Based on the main characteristics of consulting work in the digital environment and the existing problems affecting the quality of reference service librarians in higher vocational colleges,this paper deals with some qualities that reference and advisory service librarians should have,such as the quality of good professional morality and consciousness of innovation and improvement,the thorough professional quality and strong comprehensive ability,and excellent communication skills and high team spirit.Meanwhile,it comes up with the corresponding ways to train and improve their qualities.


In this paper agent-based simulation is employed to study the energy market performance and, particularly, the exercise of monopoly power. The energy market is formulated as a stochastic game, where each stage game corresponds to an hourly energy auction. Each hourly energy auction is cleared using Locational Marginal Pricing. Generators are modeled as adaptive agents capable of learning through the interaction with their environment, following a Reinforcement Learning algorithm. The SA-Q-learning algorithm, a modified version of the popular Q-Learning, is used. Test results on a two-node power system with two competing generator-agents, demonstrate the exercise of monopoly power.


The present work deals with the electronic structure of inorganic molecules in form ring, c ontaining semiconductor atoms. Cyclob utadiene is the original ring before adding the silicon atoms and amino radicals. The present study includes six ring molecules . One quantum method is used to find the electronic properties of the studied molecules; it ' s: density functional theory with B3LYP/3 21G** level, it used to investigate the ionizations potential, electron affinity, chemical potential, total energy, energy gap, dipole moment and hardness . C alculations are carried out by employing the Gaussian 2 003 program . The silabutadiene molecules are more reactive, also hardness and energy gap decrease with increasing of silicon atoms and amino radicals added compare with the original ring , this means tha t adding silicon atoms l ead to new electronic materials .


The problem to find the trapezoidal fuzzy number which preserves the expected interval and the support of a given fuzzy number is discussed. Properties of this new trapezoidal approximation operator are studied.


Following the steady and rapid economic development, the improvement of people' s living standard and the change of despite of vocational educational, vocational education is required more and more by the mass social employees. In the article, the author introduces some opinions on the adjustment of vocational education structure and speeding up the developing of vocational-technical education.


Japanese director Hisayasu Sato's cinematic vision, particularly as manifested in his 1995 film, Naked Blood, is often compared by Western critics to that of Canadian-born director David Cronenberg. Though rarely explored beyond the basic acknowledgment that both filmmakers blend "the visceral, the psychopathological and the metaphysical,"1 this association helps indicate that Sato, like Cronenberg, is a "literalist of the body."2 Sato posits the body as an indiscrete, transformative, and immanent space that reveals the potential for imagining new economies of identity; his films explore both the abject dread and infinite possibility of the human body in a state of dissolution, contributing an important and unique perspective to familiar preoccupations in contemporary horror cinema. This essay examines Hisayasu Sato's Naked Blood as a text that mobilizes tropes frequently associated with the (by no means mutually exclusive) horror and science fiction genres in order to imagine the human body as an infinitely unstable nexus of often contradictory social codes informed by the cultural logics of contemporary Japan. Set within late industrial landscapes where the flesh is at once agonizingly immediate and increasingly anachronistic, Naked Blood engages both the extreme dread and the "extreme seductiveness" that, as Georges Bataille reminds us, may constitute "the boundary of horror."3 Indeed, it is my ultimate contention that while Sato's film engages a multiplicity of territorializing cultural forces, his film revels in intensity until what emerges is a narrative of social and physical corporeality that allows viewers to conceive of an alternative existence that "no longer resembles a neatly defined itinerary from one practical sign to another, but a sickly incandescence, a durable orgasm."4 Even Hisayasu Sato's most commercially accessible works, if such texts can be said to exist, are exercises in generic and cultural cross-pollenization. Though influenced by Western literary and cinematic traditions, Sato's films reveal a myriad of social and political anxieties over the "appearance" of the Japanese physical and social body. Emerging "JAY MCROY "The Dream Has Not Ended Yet" " Splattered Bodies and the Durable Orgasm in Hisayasu Sato's Naked Blood


Background: Glucocorticoids reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), although a possible harm was documented in patients with Covid-19 not requiring oxygen. Methods: We searched Embase, BioMed Central, medRxiv, bioRxiv, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for any randomized trial or matched study ever performed on adult patients with Covid-19 not receiving oxygen therapy treated with intravenous or oral glucocorticoids versus any comparator (standard therapy or placebo);there were no restrictions on dose or time of administration. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at the longest available follow-up. Results: Five randomized trials and one propensity-matched study involving 6634 hospitalized patients not on oxygen were finally included (3704 received glucocorticoids and 2930 received standard treatment). The overall mortality of patients treated with glucocorticoids was significantly higher than the mortality of patients in the control group (509 of 3704 [14%] in the glucocorticoid group vs. 294 of 2930 [10%] in the control group;odds ratio, 1.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 1.92], with three articles reporting mortality events and contributing to the combined odds ratio;P<0.001;number needed to harm=27). Conclusions: Glucocorticoid use likely increases mortality in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 not receiving oxygen, with a number needed to harm of 27. (PROSPERO number CRD42022342996.)


Self-assembly employing coordination bonds provides symmetric, huge, hollow cages and spheres that are not attained by conventional synthetic methodologies based on covalent bonds. The self-assembled architectures are not merely aesthetically attractive; they offer fruitful functions, which otherwise cannot be realized in normal bulk conditions. For example, self-assembled host cages serve as nanometer-sized molecular flasks where cavity-directed chemical transformations are performed and as nanometer-sized sealed chamber where reactive species are stabilized. The shell frameworks of hollow spherical complexes are versatile scaffolds for precisely accumulating functional groups outside/inside the spheres where the functional groups work cooperatively and thus new functions emerge. Therefore, the chemistry of coordination cages and spheres will further expand the skeleton toward much more large, complex systems; and the implanted functions through elaborated molecular designs will afford creative innovations based on the well-defined structures.

Keywords:

self-assembly;
coordination bonds;
cage compounds;
Host–guest chemistry;
cavity-directed reactions;
functionalized spheres


In this paper the authors study the issue of characterizing the complexity of air traffic to support Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations. The authors discuss, in particular, the features of a complexity metric that are relevant for application to future ATM systems where part of the responsibility for separation assurance and trajectory management operations is distributed on board of the aircraft. The authors then describe a probabilistic complexity metric that meets all those features and is amenable for supporting on board conflict detection and resolution and trajectory management operations. A numerical example illustrates its possible use in a fully automated self-separation context.


Some morphological and biochemical parameters were studied to characterize only mango fruit peel. Morphological evaluation of ripe fruits using mango descriptors revealed considerable variation amongst mango cultivars. Parameters 'L', 'b', 'C' and 'h' showed strong correlation with carotenoids in peel of different coloured cultivars. Also, Biochemical analysis showed a wide variation amongst different coloured mango cultivars with their changing pattern during ripening. The higher content of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and anthocyanins were noticed in peel of green, yellow and red coloured cultivars respectively. The presence of small quantities of lycopene was also noticed in peel of these cultivars. Mango peel was found to be associated with a decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in the total carotenoids and total anthocyanin contents during ripening of fruit. This study reports some morphological and biochemical parameters of mango peel helpful in breeding (selection of parents) and processing (peel utilization) of fruits.


Purpose : To study the enzyme inhibition activity of various sulfonamides derived from dagenan chloride. Methods : The synthesis of N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-acetamidobenzenesulfonamide (3) was carried out by gearing up 1-naphthylamine (1) with dagenan chloride (2) in water in the presence of Na 2 CO 3 solution. Further, compound 3 was treated with various alkyl/aralkyl halides (4a-o) to yield 5a-o in an aprotic polar solvent, DMF (dimethylformamide), using LiH as activator. The structures of all the synthesized molecules were corroborated by infra red spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and screened against lipoxygenase and α- glucosidase using baicalein and acarbose as reference standards, respectively. Results : Molecules 5e and 5j showed good lipoxygenase inhibition activity with IC 50 (50 % inhibition concentration) value of 132.21 ± 0.73 and 133.33 ± 0.87 μmol/L, respectively, relative to reference, while 5m was the most active inhibitor of α-glucosidase with IC 50 of 19.41 ± 0.55 μmol/L relative to reference. Conclusion : Most of the synthesized compounds are good inhibitors of lipoxygenase but moderate inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. These molecules should be evaluated for their in vivo activity to determine their potentials as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs. Keywords : 1-Naphthylamine, Sulfonamide, Lipoxygenase, α-Glucosidase, Dagenan chloride, Enzyme inhibitor, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic


An investigation of the interaction of laser-generated Rayleigh waves with surface breaking slots was undertaken. A modified Michelson interferometer was used to detect Rayleigh waves transmitted through slots ranging in depth from 1 mm to 5 mm. A consistent feature, which occurred after the transmitted Rayleigh wave was recorded for different distances of the interferometer beam from the slot. The time difference between the transmitted Rayleigh wave and this second feature was constant for a particular slot depth. A path is proposed to explain the existence of this feature and this interpretation is supported by studies of wave propagation through each component of the path. Using this path it is possible to determine slot depths from measurements of the transit time of both the transmitted Raleigh wave and this additional feature


Page | 179 decreased O2 carrying capacity of Hb which, in turn, lead to myocardial insult as a result of supply-demand mismatch, thereby contributing to myocardial ischemia or infarction.[5,6] Multiple physiological mechanisms are unleashed by the heart to compensate this mismatch like increase in cardiac output (CO) and decreasing circulation time.[7] Most of these changes are reversible and attempt to restore the cardiac physiology with the treatment of anemia. However, if left untreated for longer duration, the ill effects like hyperdynamic circulation occur which may lead to dilation and hypertrophy of the heart, but fortunately, the same is also reversible with treatment.[8,9]


Based on earthquake recurrence cycle model,using seismic parameters and characteristics of the seismic activity,the north-south seismic belt were divided into several seismogenic tectonic areas,the model for seismicity risk prediction based on seismic energy accumulating stage theory was set up,and the national seismic network computing application system was constructed based on WebGIS.The clients can select seismogenic tectonic areas and input seismic parameters,and then submit job to cluster server.The energy accumulating stage and magnitudes of potential earthquakes was calculated,the result sent to the clients via WebGIS.The platform which fulfills analogy computing of accumulating and releasing characteristics of seismic tectonic energy,can be used to estimated quantitatively the magnitudes of the potential earthquake of some seismogenic tectonics.


This article describes the results of physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes in low-permeability reservoir rocks of the Achimov deposits of the Urengoy gas condensate field. The experiments were carried out on a unique true Triaxial Independent Loading Test System (TILTS) of the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The effect of the non-uniform triaxial stress state on the character of deformation and filtration processes in rocks was studied. Real stresses that occur in the bottomhole formation zone when the pressure in the well decreases were created in the rock specimens. Experiments were carried out to simulate the stress state at the walls of the open hole and at the tip of the perforation hole. The geomechanical approach is shown to be promising for creating ways to improve the quality of wells; in particular, the adaptation of the directional unloading method for the conditions of a given reservoir is considered. These studies are essential both in fundamental scientific and practical terms to substantiate technological solutions in the development of fields with low-permeability reservoirs.


Ion movements associated with the pH rise that is observed upon illumination of thylakoid sus- pensions at low pH have been studied by a multiparameter technique. Light-dependent, dark-reversible fluxes of H+, Cl-, Na+, K + and divalent cations were monitored, together with simultaneous changes in the optical density of the suspension. Extensive uptake of C1- and efflux of Mg2+ accompany the apparent inward movement of H + in the light. Only minor efflux of K + is seen and Na + appears immobile. The Cl- and Mg2+ fluxes together compensate for most of the charge transferred as H+, contributing respectively about 49% and 43% on an equivalent basis. The ratio of C1- influx to Mg2 + efflux is variable, but usually >1.0. The Mg2 + flux can be supplanted by (1) K + flux, if the K+/Mg2+ activity ratio in the suspension is high, and (2) Ca2 + flux, if the thylakoids are equilibrated with suspend- ing media containing Ca2+. The affinity of the divalent- cation-binding sites, or carrier mechanism, is greater for Ca2 + than for Mg2 +. Schemes can be drawn up to account for the observed ion movements on the basis of either a chemical or a chemiosmotic mechanism for energy trans- duction in chloroplasts. In intact chloroplasts, light- dependent control of Mg2 + distribution between thylakoid and stroma could serve to regulate enzyme activities in the carbon fixation pathway, and hence photosynthesis.


Suppose that F is a closed t-aspherical PL n-manifold with finite, sparsely abelian and A is a closed aspherical PL m-manifold with hopfian, normally cohopfian . If , then is a codimension-(t+1) PL fibrator.


What is described here is to identify the crack in order to evaluate the fatigue life of the rotor used in the turbine and the generator, grouping is a method and software system for sizing. The method includes the step of supplying the ultrasound data of a plurality of Lotus rice, it is included the steps of performing volume reconstruction of ultrasound data. The method also based on the volume reconstruction, slice identification crack indications in the rotor includes the step of grouping and sizing. The method further based on the slice crack indications, inter-slice identification crack indications, performs grouping and sizing, it is included providing a crack location and size information. This method can be used for both phased array and A scan test.


where the limit is taken in the strong operator topology (see e.g. Goldstein [G, Theorem 8.12.] or ChernofF [C] for a comprehensive treatment of product formulas). Now let P G £ (E) be a contractive projection. Then we may consider P as a constant degenerate semigroup on E. It is interesting to know under which circumstances the limit in (1) exists if we replace e by P. More precisely, we ask for conditions which imply that


Inter‐generational differences within Japanese‐American populations may be seen in food preferences. Nikkei Manor (NM) Assisted Living facility was established in Seattle, Washington by Nikkei Concerns (NC), non‐profit organization, to accommodate culturally‐sensitive issues that may arise between traditional long‐term care and the Japanese culture. Dietary preference is a major factor that affects quality of life in seniors. A survey was developed and administered via interview to investigate possible similarities and differences between food preferences among Japanese‐Americans in assisted living settings and those of different generations living in the Seattle area. A secondary goal of this study was to define and discover potential relationships between food preference and customer food acceptance and satisfaction in assisted living facilities as well as home‐health services.


Virtual agents benefit from reducing the staffing required in current services, such as customer care and education. This benefit also can be expected in digital healthcare by providing on-demand services and covering limited human resources of medical staff. Therefore, in this study, we explore how virtual agents can be more effective in the context of digital healthcare. For this, an experiment has been conducted to find the user experience's effectiveness according to the different appearances, zoomorphic or professional, and the effect of the Augmented Reality function on digital healthcare virtual agents. In the experiments, 80 participants tested four applications implemented with different appearances of a virtual agent with AR functions. As a result, it was found that the AR function had a positive effect in terms of intention to use and reduced anxiety. In addition, it was observed that the zoomorphic appearance had a positive effect on perceived enjoyment, perceived sociability, and social influence. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that when the advantages of AR functions and the advantages of zoomorphic appearance are combined, it can effectively influence the implementation design of digital healthcare virtual agents.


Current taxonomic literature.-B. BALFOUR and W. W. SMITH (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 9:63, 64. P1. I48. I9I5) describe and illustrate a new genus (Beesia) of the Ranunculaceae from northern Burma and Yunnan, China. -R. BENOIST (Not. Syst. 3:I76-i80. I9I5) has published 6 new species of Qualea and Lecythis from South America.-E. P. BICKNELL (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42:549-570. I9I5) in the i6th article on the "Ferns and flowering plants of Nantucket" enumerates the Compositae and describes a new golden-rod (Solidago aestivalis).-S. F. BLAKE (Jour. Bot. 53:56-58, I03-I04, I35-I37, I53-I58, I93-202, 225-235, 306-307, 322-324. I915) has published a "Revision of Salmea and allied genera," describes new speceis in Amaranthus, Heterosperma, Notoptera, Otopappus, Perymenium, Verbesina, and Zexmenia from Mexico, Central and South America, and includes also a new genus (Steiractinia) of the Compositae to which 6 species are referred, all being indigenous to northern South America. The same author (Kew Bull. 348. 1915) has published a new genus (Stenocarpha) of the Compositae from Mexico.F. B6DEKER (Monats. fUr Kakteenkunde 25:76-80. I915) describes and illustrates a new species of Mamillaria (M. multihamata) from Mexico.-A. BRAND (Rep. Sp. Nov. I4:I46-I56. I9I5) under the title "Neue Borraginaceen Studien" describes several new species and raises the section Mattiastrum Boissier of Paracaryum to generic rank and transfers thereto 26 species. The same author (ibid. I3:545-550. I9I5) in an article entitled "Neue Gattungen und Arten der Cynoglosseae" describes several species new to science and characterizes two new genera, namely Adelocaryum from India and Central Asia, and Bilegnum, which is based on Mattia Bungei Boiss., from Persia.T. S. BRANDEGEE (Univ. Calif. Pub. Botany 6:I77-I97. I915) in a 7th article under the caption "Plantae mexicanae Purpusianae" has published 6i new species of flowering plants, mainly from Chiapas and Oaxaca.-N. L. BRITTON (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2:33-58. pIs. I, 2. I915) gives a brief account of the vegetation of Mona and Desecheo islands, which lie between Porto Rico and Santo Domingo, and estimates that the total land flora of the former consists of as high as 500 species and of the latter of at least 200 species. A partial list of the plants collected on Mona Island is appended. New species are recorded in Pedilanthus, Tabebuia, and Riccia. One new genus (Mallotonia) is proposed, which is based on Tournefortia gnaphalodes R. Br. The same author (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42:365-392. I915) under the general title "Studies of West Indian plants VI " includes a synoptical revison of the genus


T infrastructure plays a vit.al role in making exports competitive in foreign markets. The freight element in the landed cost of exported goods may range anywhere from 5 per cent to 150 per cent or more of the f.o.b. cost, depending upon the mode of transport, the nature of the commodity exported, the port of origin or destination and, increasingly, the mode of packaging and handling of export cargoes. Far-reaching and revolutionary technological changes in cargo-handling are being rapidly ushered in at seaports and airports in all the. forward-looking countries, so if India is to achieve the Fourth Plan target of an increase in exports at an annual rate of 7 per cent, it is imperative that we should keep abreast of the latest developments in these fields and incorporate them into our development plans. The trend is against us. World exports in 1969, according to IMF figures, rose by 15 per cent to a record !~dr'ooo million, whereas Indian exports increased by only $80 · ·on (less than 1/3 of l per cent of the total world increase) over the 1968 level of u,753 million. In contrast, Japan's exports in 1969 increased by 27.7 per cent from SI2,972 million to 116,044 million. While this comparison need not unduly depress us, close attention to all the aspects of the problem of stagnating exports is an urgent need. This article deals with one of these aspects, namely, the transport infrastructure, existing or required in future, for sustaining the export drive.


An autonomous floor-traversing robot includes: a wheeled body including a chassis and at least one motorized wheel configured to propel the chassis across a floor, the chassis defining an interior compartment disposed beneath a chassis ceiling; a cover extending across at least a central area of the chassis ceiling; and a graspable handle connected to the chassis and located outside the cover so as to be accessible from above the robot, the handle arranged to enable lifting of the robot. The chassis ceiling defines drainage channels configured to conduct the liquid away from the central area of the chassis ceiling.


Studies of international mediation traditionally have focused on the impact and effectiveness of mediation. This study examines mediator behavior and evaluates the factors that influence mediators' behavior and choice of strategies. Three contextual dimensions that exert influence on mediator behavior are preexisting factors (the conflict context and identity of the parties), concurrent factors (the identity of the mediator and actual mediation event), and background factors (the effect of information from previous mediation efforts). An original data set of 295 international conflicts from 1945 to 1995 is used to test a contingency model of mediation behavior. The results of a multivariate analysis suggest that the conditions of the mediation environment and the identity of the parties in conflict are the most significant influences on mediator's choice of strategy.


In this study, a novel derivative of functionalised Calix[4]arene chem-sensor (4-amino thiazole 2-thiol-Calix[4]arene (R-Sensor)) was investigated, using the FT-IR spectroscopic method. Fluorescent properties and the ability to detect the sensor toward different cation ions in acetonitrile aqueous solution were investigated using the UV–Vis method, fluorescence titration, and Job's plot method. The results showed that among the studied cations, the presence of Pt(II) has a greater effect on the intensity and wavelength of the emission. In addition, the optimised structure and electronic properties of this R-sensor was studied, using the density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP and M062X methods, at the LANL2DZ (6-311 + G/CPCM and 6-311++G/CPCM) basis set, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The results of these theoretical-computational studies showed that the selectivity of this sensor is related to its molecular structure, electronic properties, and surface electrostatic properties. Theoretical studies have shown that electronic properties such as energy gap, sensitivity, and charge/energy transfer change dramatically in the presence of Pt(II) cations. In addition, the molecular competitive tests showed that this R-sensor could be a good candidate for monitoring/measuring Pt(II) in physiological samples/ environments. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This paper is in three sections. The first one — conceptual essentialism—discusses the philosophical question of essentialism and offers a brief criticism of it. Essentialism is understood here as involving the view that meaning resides in words rather than having it assigned to them by human beings (as is the case with non-essentialism). The second section — essentialism and politics — attempts to show how essentialism leads to, among other things, intolerance, conceitedness, a sense of power, and eventually war. The final section — education against essentialism — identifies a few sources of essentialism. It also expresses scepticism over the feasibility of education against essentialism in the near future.


In this issue of Blood , Jiang et al identify the cell adhesion molecule CD146 as novel co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2).[1][1]

The cell adhesion molecule CD146 was first described in 1987 because of its expression on malignant melanocytes and was correlated


The metabolic syndrome is precursor of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Previous studies have suggested that nut consumption leads to improvement in risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Pistachio nuts are easily available and frequently consumed by general population.


This paper presents the optimization of multiple performance characteristics (surface roughness and workpiece surface temperature) based on the Taguchi method. Three controllable factors of the turning process were studied at three levels. The single objective optimization was conducted using Taguchi method. The multiple Signal-to-Noise (MSNR) value was used to correspond to multi objective cases. The optimum combination of cutting parameters was obtained based on the highest value of MSNR.


he purpose of this study was to find out whether there was a significant relationship between students' social interaction with students' learning interests and how the direction and level of closeness of students' social interaction relationship with students' learning interests in class X even semester at SMA Negeri 8 Bandar Lampung. The research method used is descriptive quantitative where in this study the authors distributed questionnaires about social interaction and interest in learning. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between students' social interaction and learning interest, there is a degree of closeness of the relationship between students' social interaction and students' learning interests, there is a level of strength of social interaction in students, there is a relationship pattern between students' social interaction students with an interest in learning and there is a significant relationship between social interaction of students with interest in learning in class X students in the even semester at SMA Negeri 8 Bandar Lampung so that this research was declared acceptedKeywords: Social interaction, interest in learning


Efficient and accurate similarity searching for a large amount of time series data set is an important but non-trivial problem. Many dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed for effective representation of time series data in order to realize such similarity searching, including Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation (APCA), and the recently proposed Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX). In this work we propose a new extended approach based on SAX, called Extended SAX in order to realize efficient and accurate discovering of important patterns, necessary for financial applications. While the original SAX approach allows a very good dimensionality reduction and distance measures to be defined on the symbolic approach, SAX is based on PAA (Piecewise Aggregate Approximation) representation for dimensionality reduction that minimizes dimensionality by the mean values of equal sized frames. This value based representation causes a high possibility to miss some important patterns in some time series data such as financial time series data. Extended SAX, proposed in the paper, uses additional two new points, that is, max and min points, in equal sized frames besides the mean value for data approximation. We show that Extended SAX can improve representation preciseness without losing symbolic nature of the original SAX representation. We empirically compare the Extended SAX with the original SAX approach and demonstrate its quality improvement.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of UGT1A9 gene and pharmacokinetic(PK) characteristics of mycophenolate acid(MPA) in vivo.METHODS 20 healthy male volunteers were orally taken 500 mg mycophenolate mofetil(MMF).HPLC method was applied to analyze MPA and mycophenolic acid glucuronide(MPAG) concentration.11 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of UGT1A9 were determined by sequencing,including-2208,-2152,-2141,-1887,-1818,-665,-440,-331,-275,-109 to-98(Tn) and-87.RESULTS In 20 subjects,there were no mutations at positions of-2208,-2152,-2141,-665,-275,whereas there were all homo-mutations at the positions of-440 and-331.The mutation frequency of-1887,-1818,-109 to-98(Tn) and-87 were 0.25,0.7,0.75 and 0.05 respectively. CONCLUSION There are significant differences between Chinese and Caucasians in terms of UGT1A9 polymorphisms and the current study did not show significant relationship between UGT1A9 polymorphisms and MPA PK profile.