Platelet function (induced and spontaneous aggregability according to Born and Breddin respectively) and some parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been investiagted during induction of term labour by PgF2alpha i.v. (n = 9) and oxytocin i.v. (n = 9). During infusion of PgF2alpha there was a slight decrease of platelet aggregation with both methods. Desaggregation in the Born-test was increased. On the contrary there was no change of platelet function except a small increase of the speed of aggregation if one applicates oxytocin. The parameters of the plasmatic coagulation system remained almost unchanged in both groups and hint only at a slight increase of the fibrinolytic activity in the oxytocin group. The clinical importance of the results is discussed.


Technological advancements continue to shape faculties' pedagogical, social, managerial, and technological roles, making it increasingly difficult to navigate this ever-changing environment. The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on these changes and offer a prescriptive approach for how to thrive in the world of digital teaching and learning. To achieve this objective, the authors first review the evolution of digital technology in teaching and learning and evaluate the consequences of such changes on faculty roles. The authors then discuss common challenges associated with the shifting roles and, most importantly, provide the reader with effective approaches that have been shown to increase student engagement and enhance learning outcomes.


Vibration signal always performs poorly in the fault diagnosis of low-speed rolling bearings. The fact that rolling bearings running under different speed conditions further increases the difficulty of fault diagnosis on low-speed bearing. To address the above problems, this article proposes a fault diagnosis method for low-speed rolling bearings based on acoustic emission (AE) signal and subspace embedded feature distribution alignment (SADA). First, the AE signal of low-speed rolling bearing is collected and the spectral dataset is constructed. Second, subspace alignment is used to align the basis vectors for both domains in order to prevent feature distortion. Then, a base classifier is trained to predict the pseudolabels of the target domain, which is used to quantitatively estimate the weight of the edge distribution and conditional distribution of the two domains for adaption. Finally, following the structural risk minimization (SRM) framework, a kernel function is constructed to establish the classifier f, which iteratively updates the pseudolabels in the target domain and obtains the coefficient matrix of the final framework to complete the identification task. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by two AE datasets of low-speed rolling bearing.


AbstractCorrosion of reinforcing steel is the primary degradation mechanism by which the long-term durability of RC structures can be seriously impaired. In order to mitigate reinforcement corrosio...


Power system economic operation and transmission transfer capability continue to gain importance due to the continuous increase of power system capacities and complex interconnections. The evaluations of economic operation and transmission transfer capability have many applications in power system planning, operation and real time control TMs work deals with the applications of optimization methods in these two areas of power systems. In this thesis, different optimization techniques are discussed. Optimal power flow, security constrained optimal power flow, transmission transfer capability, and transmission transfer capability during contingencies are evaluated for different power systems. Simultaneous transfer capability is also evaluated by the optimization methods. The results are presented to show the performance and application of the optimization methods. Sequential Quadratic Programming is selected and implemented as an optimization method for carrying out this research. Matlab Optimization Toolbox is used as a tool to implement the optimization methods. Case studies using different power system models presented in this these show that the optimization methods are efficient methods for power system optimization problems and satisfy the requirements of modem power systems, to meet the requirements of economic operation and transfer capability.


Human monoeytcs release fibroblast growth‐stimulatory activity. In this study tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has been identified as a major contributor to the monocyte‐derived fibroblast growth‐stimulaiory activity. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against recombinant TNF (rTNF) inhibited growth of FS‐4 fibroblasts and skin biopsy fibroblasts induced by monocyte supernatants, indicating that TNF was involved in the stimulation. Optimal growth of FS‐4 fibroblasts was induced by monocyte supernatants at dilutions which cointained TNF at a concentration between 1.6 × 10−6 and 4.0 × 10−5μg/ml, less growth being induced at higher TNF concentrations. Contrary to this, no optimal concentration interval was found lor rTNF, since increasing rTNF concentrations always resulted in increased growth stimulation. It also appeared that natural TNF in the monocyte supernatants induced growth at a much lower concentration than rTNF tested in the absence of monocyte supernatant.


The shortest path models were reviewed and Dijkstra's Algorithm was selected to simulate the shortest distances in the Accra Metropolis.
The distances between 116 locations in the Metropolis were measured and their position vectors relative to the King Tackie Tawiah Overhead were formulated. A Fortran 90 program was prepared using Dijkstra's Algorithm. The distances and position vectors were used to prepare an input deck for the Fortran 90 program. The program runs actively on a Pentium IV computer.
Recommendations on integrating the software into the current scheme of planning were made.


Non-equilibrium heat conduction, as occurring in modern-day sub-micron semiconductor devices, can be predicted effectively using the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons. In this article, strategies and algorithms for large-scale parallel computation of the phonon BTE are presented. An unstructured finite volume method for spatial discretization is coupled with the control angle discrete ordinates method for angular discretization. The single-time relaxation approximation is used to treat phonon-phonon scattering. Both dispersion and polarization of the phonons are accounted for. Three different parallelization strategies are explored: (a) band-based, (b) direction-based, and (c) hybrid band/cell-based. Subsequent to validation studies in which silicon thin-film thermal conductivity was successfully predicted, transient simulations of non-equilibrium thermal transport were conducted in a three-dimensional device-like silicon structure, discretized using 604,054 tetrahedral cells. The angular space was discretized using 400 angles, and the spectral space was discretized into 40 spectral intervals (bands). This resulted in ∼9.7×109 unknowns, which are approximately 3 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported computations in this area. Studies showed that direction-based and hybrid band/cell-based parallelization strategies resulted in similar total computational time. However, the parallel efficiency of the hybrid band/cell-based strategy — about 88% — was found to be superior to that of the direction-based strategy, and is recommended as the preferred strategy for even larger scale computations.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A temporary water storage device of a shower comprises a water tank, and a pressure limiting and air exhausting structure is arranged above the water tank, and is used for exhausting air in the water tank and limiting the highest value of air pressure in the water tank. An air inflation mechanism is arranged above the water tank and used for inflating air into the water tank to form high pressure in the water tank, a water pipe is connected with the lower portion of the water tank, and a water valve is arranged on the water pipe. The temporary water storage device of the shower can temporarily store cold water in the water pipe connected with a water heater and a shower faucet, then the cold water is input into the water pipe again, and therefore waste of water resources can be reduced.


Fusion mass-splice devices for optical fibers have been developed for splicing fiber ribbons. However, these devices use only V-grooves to align the optical fiber axes. Thus, axis misalignment errors easily occur due to the following reasons: (1) accurate design of a V-groove is difficult; and (2) optical fibers have core eccentricity. These both cause an increase in splice loss.

We first proposed here some types of axis alignment device that can independently align individual optical fibers. Next, axis alignment experiments were performed with the designed device. Experimental results indicated that it will be possible to align a fiber core axis of 0.1-μm order precision by using feedback control. The axis alignment range is approximately 20 × 20 μm. The proposed axis alignment device was applied to the fusion mass-splice device by a researcher from another company. Average splice loss was 0.05 dB for four fiber ribbons of 1.55-μm DSF. These results show that the proposed device has enough performance for the fusion mass-splice device. Finally, we proposed a device for low-loss optical coupling between an optical waveguide plate and optical fibers.


An object of the present invention and within a plasma jyeonseong excellent plasma treatment the multiple layer coating member vessel, to present a method of manufacturing the same. And the metal film on the surface of a substrate an undercoat, and Al Plasma treatment, container, within the member, and the metal film, the thermal sprayed coating


In this paper, we consider an Ising model with three competing interactions (nearest neighbor, next-nearest
neighbor, and ternary prolonged neighbor) on the Cayley tree of order two, investigated by Ganikhodjaev et al.
We study translation-invariant Gibbs measures of the Ising model with these competing interactions. Also, we
investigate the set of the extreme Gibbs measures called Markov random �elds with memory 2 of the model.


In contrast to classis Gothic novels where a suffering female protagonist plays an important role, ghost stories continuing the Gothic tradition in late 19 and early 20 c) represent men's world: female characters are either absent or mostly ambivalent. E. F. Benson's stories reviving traditional images of a vampire («Mrs. Amworth») and a spectral bridegroom («The Face») are characteristic examples of this trend. Ключевые слова: готическая новелла, гендер, мотив, пародия.


Objective To research the effect of straw compost application on aerial parts growth,quality and yield of ginseng.Methods Using random test designing in the field.Results The test shows when the application amount of straw compost is 5 kg m-2,10 kg m-2 and 15kg m-2,the amount of straw compost is positively correlated with effect of application.Conclusion The straw compost can significantly promote the growth of aerial parts of ginseng,reduce incidence of disease,increase the yield and the content of ginsenoside and amino acid.The effect of 10 kg m-2,15 kg m-2 treatment all are significant.


Ponrajan, Amudhan. Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2016. Investigating Rheological Techniques to Model and Predict Operating Conditions of a Single Screw Extruder with Internal Restrictions. Major Professor: Martin Okos. Understanding rheology of raw materials and the numerous transformations they undergo is an essential aspect of modeling and predicting extrusion conditions. Both off-line capillary rheometry and in-line extruder fed rheometry techniques have been used to model rheology of materials during extrusion. Investigations on use of an off-line capillary rheometer to model apparent viscosity of full fat soy flours revealed inability of the capillary rheometer to handle food/biological materials high in oil content (20%) at high temperature (80C) and low moisture content (15% wet basis). The lack shear degradation in the capillary rheometer also resulted in over-prediction of corn flour viscosities at high temperatures (80 to 120C), shear rates (1 to 100 s) and low moisture contents (35 to 40%). A novel two-opening die attached to a small scale extruder operating at 100 to 300 rpm was used to measure in-line viscosities of cornmeal at 32.5 to 37.5% moisture during extrusion. Comparison of off-line versus in-line cornmeal viscosities at similar conditions consistently indicated that for food/biological materials sensitive to shear degradation, in-line viscosities were lower. Pasting property measurement revealed differences in material transformation which could be used to explain differences between techniques. Mechanistic model for the small-scale


The invention proposes a lighting device (100) with an excitation radiation source (101) and a two-sided Leuchtstoffrad (102). On both sides of double-sided Leuchtstoffrads (102), that both the front (5) and on the opposite rear side (6), at least a phosphor are provided. The two-sided phosphors are excited sequentially in time. For this purpose, a transmissive portion is provided at least in the rotating Leuchtstoffrad, by the radiation, the excitation radiation passes, and by means of optics (11, 12) can be directed onto the phosphor on the back (6).


46 cases of tubal reanastomosis are examined in this article. At the time of sterilization the average age of patients was 28, and average parity 2.7; 75% of them had asked sterilization for purely economic reasons; it had been performed for medical reasons only in 7 cases. Timing of sterilization was in most cases postabortion, or post cesarean section. Techniques used were tubal excision in 58% of cases, and tubal ligation; in 15 cases irreversible techniques had been employed. Demand for tubal reanastomosis occurred an average 5 years after sterilization; 18 patients were not operable. Such a great demand for reversal of sterilization clearly shows that indications for sterilization must be well thought, and that well established reasons for it must be found and thoroughly discussed beforehand. Conservative techniques of sterilization must be used whenever possible, especially those destroying the least possible portion of the tube, to give an eventual reanastomosis as many chances of success as possible.


Review(s) of: Philippe Sands, Lawless World: America and the Making and Breaking of Global Rules, Penguin, London, 2005, xxviii + 324 pages, ISBN 0713997923. Includes footnotes.


Deep neural networks have accomplished enormous progress in tackling many problems. More specifically, convolutional neural network (CNN) is a category of deep networks that have been a dominant technique in computer vision tasks. Despite that these deep neural networks are highly effective; the ideal structure is still an issue that needs a lot of investigation. Deep Convolutional Neural Network model is usually designed manually by trials and repeated tests which enormously constrain its application. Many hyper-parameters of the CNN can affect the model performance. These parameters are depth of the network, numbers of convolutional layers, and numbers of kernels with their sizes. Therefore, it may be a huge challenge to design an appropriate CNN model that uses optimized hyper-parameters and reduces the reliance on manual involvement and domain expertise. In this paper, a design architecture method for CNNs is proposed by utilization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to learn the optimal CNN hyper-parameters values. In the experiment, we used Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database of handwritten digit recognition. The experiments showed that our proposed approach can find an architecture that is competitive to the state-of-the-art models with a testing error of 0.87%.


Sub-micrometer length copper fibers are obtained via polymer supported electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. The copper nature of the fibers is confirmed by using energy- dispersive X-ray analysis and wide- angle X-ray analysis (see figure). The copper fibers show metallic conductivity as confirmed by conductance measurements in a low-energy electron point source microscope.


So far diagnosis of some problems we came across during our works with algorithms, graphs played significant roles. In this paper, we have tried to show that graphs really occupy a major role in computer science and engineering. The abstraction of problems as different graph models as well as graphs in digital system design methodology allows us to have a close look or refresher outlook on graphs. We have also touched root level, historical purview, graphs in contemporary Indian scenario, and a significant aspect of perfect graphs in VLSI area. We observe that hard computing does not suit in most of graph problems. Soft computing approaches are often a tool in graph algorithm design. A pessimal algorithm also came across our route that is really an intellectual property to share with the readers. To part, with we remind that no diagnosis is final and that pathology is in fact always eager to have a new look. 1. Prologue [1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 23, 24] This paper is an honest, documented cursory glance to application and interest in graph theory for last about 300 years. This is merely an introduction and invitation. We hope the taste will linger after presentation of the text and certain audience may even take the help of the references for further studies. We will be rewarded if we have inspired somebody a little. We announce the prologue and retire for the time being, after us better players will arrive. 2. In Lieu of an Introduction [1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 23, 24] A backtrack to the History of Graphs: Graph theoretic folklores are so widely publicized that natural human inclination will insist on seeing evolution of graph algorithms in reference to these folklores. Hence we have an excuse (not lame in any way) for the backtracking. Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 10, 2006, 188 – 200 An Encounter with Graphs 189 The four fathers of graph theory Euler, Kirchhoff, Cayley and Hamilton (in chronological order) discovered graph theory while trying to solve either puzzle or a problem of the physical world. The graph theory was christened as a mathematical discipline in 1736 with the first paper of Euler on this subject. He solved (or rather proved it unsolvable) the Konigsberg Bridge Problem by translating it in terms of graphs. Next 100 years were almost a blank period for graph theory. In 1847, Kirchhoff developed the theory of trees in order to solve the electrical network equations. Although a physicist, he ably abstracted electrical networks like mathematician in terms of graphs. Ten years later the number of isomers of saturated hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2) was expressed by Arthur Cayley as the graphical problem of enumerating the class of trees in which each point is of degree 1 or 4. An elegant and general solution was first obtained by Polya, who developed powerful enumeration technique. Extremely effective use of Polya's theorem has been made by the theoretical physicists R. W. Ford and G. E. Uhlenbech in (1956) solving several enumeration problems for graphs which arises in a study of statistical mechanics. A game invented by Sir William Hamilton in 1859 uses a regular dodecahedron whose 20 vertices are labeled with the name of famous cities. The player is challenged to travel around the world by finding a close circuit along the edges that passes through each vertex exactly once. In fact, in terms of graphs it demanded the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of Hamiltonian circuits in an arbitrary graph. The most famous unsolved problem in graph theory is the celebrated Four Color Conjecture. It states that four colors are sufficient to color any atlas (a map on a plane) such that no countries with common boundaries have same colors. The conjecture has an interesting history. In a letter to Sir W. R. Hamilton dated 23rd October 1852, Professor Augustus de Morgan mentioned the problem and also printed out the name of his student Cutwise as its originator. The conjecture appeared in print for the first time in June 1878, in the form of a question posed by the well-known mathematician Cayley. Cayley again stated the problem in the first volume of proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society in 1879. The most recent work on this problem was done by Hakim and Apple of Illinois, USA, in 1976. In 1920, Graph theory arose to a new height due to Konig and others. The real formalization of graph theory was due to Veblen's work. In 1932, Faster established the connection between geometric networks and electric circuits. It was followed by Whitney's fundamental work on graph theory. The pace of research in graph theory has accelerated even further in the past two decades. One of the manifestations of this activity was the immediate success of the Journal of Combinatorial Theory founded in 1966. Perhaps the most striking evidence of this upsurge of interest was the first book ever written in graph theory by Konig (1936). No books were published within 1968. Several books and thousands of papers have been published in graph theory in recent years. 190 Rajat Kumar Pal et al. z y x N A N D N A N D


This issue encompasses a range of themes and introduces some original concepts and perspectives. It also includes a specially themed section on neo-institutional theory, highlighting its relevance for public relations theories and practices. The issue opens with an article that presents the concept of public relations theory – an idea adapted from media literacy. The purpose of the article is to make a qualitative difference to societal communication and specifically to the accountability of public relations practitioners in relation to those who are exposed to their sponsored discourses. Coombs and Holladay argue that public relations literacy will enable citizens to be conscious critics of a diverse range of public communication and active participants in social communication. The article usefully links to a range of media studies theories and civil society concepts in the context of digital and social media that facilitate mediated mobilization, reconfiguration and remediation (Lievrouw, 2011). It is this recombinative feature of digital media that makes sources more opaque, and identities more readily hidden or manipulated. For Coombs and Holladay, the advent of digital media offers not just hope but also concerns, since 'anyone can become an activist and practice public relations in pursuit of a range of selfish or altruistic goals'. This tension highlights connections between public relations, ideology and agency, suggests the source of legitimation problematics and raises the spectres of regulation and control. Coombs and Holladay pursue an analysis in the context of risk that leads towards a sample curriculum.


The following is a description of a new species of Grillotia from the intestine of Hexanchus grisens (Gmelin) caught on the Porcupine Bank in July 1939 (Rees & Llewellyn, 1941). Unfortunately, only two specimens were obtained, but, as it is unlikely that any more will be available for some time to come, it was thought advisable that the species should be put on record. The scolex includes some distinctive characters, but the strobila in both worms was immature, so that no description of the arrangement of the genitalia can be given beyond the position of the genital pore and the approximate number of testes.


Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide and an increasing incidence rate has been observed in Sudan. Objective: this study was aimed to determine the effect of breast cancer on testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin in Sudanese female patients. Materials: This study included 120 untreated breast cancer patients with clinical and histopathological evidence and 100 healthy volunteers as a control. Venous blood was drawn from the cases and controls. Methods: Testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin were estimated in blood samples by using radio-immune assay. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean serum levels of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin between patients and controls. Results: In the present study there were significant high levels of serum testosterone in premenopausal lady patients with breast cancer as compared to control group (p value <0.05). On the other hand, there were significant low levels of sex hormone binding globulin in ladies with breast cancer when compared to controls (p value<0.05).


This is a synthesis of Japanese history, religion, culture and social organization. The book explores the Japanese historical legacy and its impact on the Japanese experience of modernity, eschewing the polemicism of structuralist or culturalist approaches in favour of a systematic, broadly comparative analysis. What emerges is a focus on the non-ideological character of Japanese civilization as well as its infinite capacity to recreate community through an ongoing past.


This research was performed to evaluate the effect of 'Food Wastes (FW) Direct Landfilling Prohibition' on characteristics of landfill gas (LFG) and leachate and the appropriateness of current legislation. Approximately 45% (Exp.45) and 15% (Exp.15) of FW were filled in two lysimeters. During 570 days, 1400 L of LFG was generated from Exp.45%, which was much more than 906 L of Exp.15. There was no significant difference of LFG composition between Exp.15 and Exp.45. 2∼30 ppmv of odorous hydrogen sulfide was detected in Exp.45, while 2∼7 ppmv was in Exp.15. There was also no significant difference in the leachate generation between the two. On day 570, BOD5 of Exp.45 and Exp.15 were 37000 mg/Land 25630 mg/L and CODCr of Exp.45 and Exp.15 were 45480 mg/L, 30294 mg/L. TOC of Exp.45 was 2∼3 times higher than Exp.15. Higher portion of FW in landfilling increased LFG generation. However, it generated more odor and made the quality of leachate. Therefore, 'FW direct Landfilling Prohibition' was evaluated as an appropriate legislation.


The carburizing–quenching–tempering process is generally conducted on heavy-duty gear in order to obtain favorable comprehensive mechanical performance. Different mechanical properties could be produced by carbon partition and precipitation. In this study, the carburizing–quenching–tempering process was carried out on low-carbon alloy steel in order to investigate the influence of microstructure evolution and precipitate transition on mechanical behavior and wear resistance under different carburizing/tempering durations. Favorable comprehensive mechanical property and wear resistance could be obtained in favor of long durations of carburizing/tempering. A fatigue-wear model was proposed to describe fatigue crack evolution and damage mechanism on the basis of wear features.


Gene prediction remains an active area of bioinformatics research. Challenges are presented by large eukaryotic genomes and heterogeneous data situations. To meet the challenges, several streams of evidence must be integrated, from protein homology and transcriptome data, as well as information derived from the genome itself. The amount and significance of the available evidence from transcriptomes and proteomes vary from genome to genome, between genes and even along a single gene. User-friendly and accurate annotation pipelines that can cope with such data heterogeneity are needed. The previously developed annotation pipelines BRAKER1 and BRAKER2 use RNA-Seq or protein data, respectively, but not both. The recently released GeneMark-ETP integrates all three types of data and achieves much higher levels of accuracy. We here present the BRAKER3 pipeline that builds on GeneMark-ETP and AUGUSTUS and further improves accuracy using the TSEBRA combiner. BRAKER3 annotates protein-coding genes in eukaryotic genomes using both short-read RNA-Seq and a large protein database along with statistical models learned iteratively and specifically for the target genome. We benchmarked the new pipeline on 11 species under controlled conditions on the assumed relatedness of the target species to available proteomes. BRAKER3 outperformed BRAKER1 and BRAKER2, increasing the average transcript-level F1-score by ∼20 percentage points, most pronounced for species with large and complex genomes. BRAKER3 also outperforms MAKER2 and Funannotate. For the first time, we provide a Singularity container for the BRAKER software to minimize installation obstacles. Overall, BRAKER3 is an accurate, easy-to-use tool for the annotation of eukaryotic genomes.


Investing in advertising, research and development (R&D) and human resource management and development (HRMD) enabled firms to achieve competitive advantage and improve profitability. Indian economy witnessed the event of 'Demonetization' in November 2016 that created short term cash shortage. The study aimed at understanding the relationship of advertising, R&D and HRMD intensities on firm performance (proxied with return on assets). The effects of demonetization on these variables were explored. Financial data of listed Indian firms, over the years 2014–2019 was collected from CMIE Prowess database for the analysis using fixed effects panel-data regression. Results indicated significant positive relationship between R&D and advertising intensity with firm's performance pre-demonetization, while reduced effect post-demonetization. HRMD intensity had a negative relationship pre as well as post-demonetization on firm's performance. The results provided insights for managers and decision-makers on the impact of cash resource allocation on R&D, HRMD and advertising expenditures in creating firm value.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, is several human lymphoid malignancies-associated. Our earlier study found the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum root on promoting EBV-positive apoptosis. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin on EBV gene expression and anti-EBV tumor cells. Resultantly, the the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin (F3a) promoted Raji cell death (50% cytotoxic concentration, CC50: 12.08 μg/mL); the 12.5 μg/mL F3a effect transcribed BRLF1 and BNLF1 and increased latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which may reduce the intracellular phospho-ERK and phospho-IκBα. Meanwhile, the Raji cells increased the intracellular reactive-oxygen species (ROS), activated the apoptosis-related proteins, cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, and increased the apoptosis percentage. Therefore, the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin could be a therapeutic drug for EBV-related tumors.


The photoinduced transportation with bias in the p-n junction composed of oxygen deficient La0.9Na0.1MnO3−δ film and Si substrate under 473 nm laser irradiation is investigated. As laser intensity rises, the threshold voltage decreases significantly and even disappears in the temperature range from 30 to 300 K. A remarkable photoconductivity in both forward and backward directions is discovered. The ratio of photocurrent to dark current increases with the decrease of temperature, and the maximum value reaches 4778 in the backward direction by the excitation of 1.2 mW mm−2 laser at 30 K. The maximum photovoltage abnormally occurs at intermediate temperature of 160 K, which may result from a competition between thermal carriers' effect and the delocalization of small polarons in La0.9Na0.1MnO3−δ layer. These significant photoelectric effects make the La0.9Na0.1MnO3−δ/Si junction promising for the design of photosensors with high performance.


Direct deciphering of past genes may reflect real characteristics of forebears, even of whole ancestral populations. This is obviously one of the most powerful and direct methods to follow evolutionary changes of the species. We attempted to apply ancient DNA (aDNA) technology to analyse a polymorphism at codon 129 of PRNP which probably plays a role in susceptibility to a variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob (vCJD) disease. As previously suggested, 129 Val-Val and heterozygous individuals are nearly completely protected from vCJD, in contrast to 129 Met-Met homozygous ones. We examined the frequency of the alleles encoding methionine and valine at codon 129 in DNA isolated from 100 skeletal remains of individuals who lived between 10th and 13th century. Our results confirmed significant alteration in previously studied alleles frequency between the populations of medieval Polish Lands and contemporaries. The calculated frequency of the alleles in medieval Poland (51% as compared to contemporary 65% for 129Met, and appropriately 49% vs. 35% for 129Val) implies a selection process that shaped 129 Met-Val distribution profiles in the Middle Ages. We suggest that the study of the genetic relationship between past and present-day populations could be a useful tool to follow allelic composition of particular genes (here: of the PRNP) over a span of time which may contribute to the understanding of evolutionary and selective mechanisms including epidemiological cases.


linguistic specifications (Version 3). Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities. Arnold, D. J., Krauwer, S., Rosner, M., des Tombes, L. and Varile, N. (1986). The <(C, A), T Framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. To be presented at COLING '86, Bonn, August 1986. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, des Tombe, L. (1985). The general Eurotra framework. Eurotra internal document, June 1985. Gebruers, R., Vandecapelle, B. and Debille, L. (1985). Dutch toy. Eurotra document, Leuven, 4 October 1985.


This article describes the generation of community safety strategies in Italy. They have tended to develop more unevenly than in much of Europe and a plethora of approaches have developed. Social problems differ to those in the other western European countries. It is difficult to describe an Italian model of community safety as growth has tended to reflect power relations between the 'centre' and the regions and the political orientations of local authorities.


GLYX-13 (threonine–proline–proline–threonine–amide) is an amidated di-pyrrolidine that acts as a functional partial agonist at the glycine site on N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs). GLYX-13 can both increase NMDAR conductance at NR2B-containing receptors, and reduce conductance of non-NR2B-containing receptors. Here, we report that GLYX-13 potently reduces delayed (24 h) death of CA1 pyramidal neurons produced by bilateral carotid occlusion in Mongolian gerbils, when administered up to 5 h post-ischemia. GLYX-13 also reduced delayed (24 h) neuronal death of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus principal neurons elicited by oxygen/glucose deprivation in in-vitro hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, when applied up to 2 h post-oxygen/glucose deprivation. The glycine site full agonist D-serine completely occluded neuroprotection, indicating that GLYX-13 acts by modulating activation of this site.


This entry provides factual data and background on the development and current state of libraries, archives, and museums in Tunisia. Emphasis is on the more-significant components of these sectors historically and culturally. The development of cultural institutions since Tunisia became independent and important legislation concerning these institutions are addressed in some detail. The conclusions point out that despite considerable investment in cultural and information infrastructure and services, there remain considerable hurdles to overcome for this emerging albeit studious country


The article is devoted to the analysis of the measures implemented by the police to prevent the commission of crimes, administrative offenses, antisocial behavior in the form of an official warning. The authors substantiate the proposal to consider as an aggravating circumstance the fact of committing a crime (administrative offense) by a person who had previously received an official warning. In turn, if a person against whom an official warning has been issued about the inadmissibility of continuing antisocial behavior does not fulfill this requirement, he may be brought to administrative responsibility under Part 1 of Article 19.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.


Image Zooming Moving least squares Bilinear interpolation Bicubic interpolation A B S T R A C T In this paper, a new method for gray-scale image and color zooming algorithm based on their local information is offered. In the proposed method, the unknown values of the new pixels on the image are computed by Moving Least Square (MLS) approximation based on both the quadratic spline and Gaussian-type weight functions. The numerical results showed that this method is more preferable to bilinear interpolation in term of quality (for the quadratic spline weight function), and is comparable to bicubic interpolation (for the Gaussian-type weight function).


Augmented reality (AR) is a significant Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) technology that employs computer-generated display, sound, text, and effects to enhance the user's real-world experience via wearable devices. Order picking processes have had a substantial influence on overall operational efficiency in warehouse management systems (WMS). The conventional picking process is challenging to handle, which may result in deviations from the intended picking performance. Pick-by-vision, a new technological solution for order picking, is receiving growing attention and is now considered a significant WMS-supporting technology. This article explores the positive implications and prospects of utilizing AR pick-by-vision technology in the warehouse picking processes by performing a narrative review of the previous review articles. To demonstrate the focus of the main area, this study also presents the hierarchical classification structure of AR implementation in WMS and highlights the pick-by-vision method. The analysis provided important key findings by evaluating 23 articles (original articles and case studies) on AR pick-by-vision technology applications, which are significant to the prospective advantages of AR pick-by-vision deployment in warehouse operations. This study gathers knowledge and insight that can be used by both academics and professionals who are interested in optimizing this new advanced technology for future research.


Although a finite envy-free cake-cutting protocol has been known for more than twenty years, it had been open whether a protocol exists in which the number of steps taken by the protocol is bounded by a function of the number of agents. In this letter, we report on our recent results on discrete, bounded, and envy-free cake-cutting protocols.


Executive Overview Willy Loman, the desperate protagonist of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, knew what it was like to be entrenched in a career. Miller wrote his play in 1949, but Loman's grim and futile situation is all too familiar to some contemporary workers. What happens when workers are entrapped and disillusioned? Willy Loman sought to free himself through suicide. Fortunately, other options are available and are chosen daily by entrenched careerists and their managers.


This paper reviews the present situation and the achievement of the competency,the competency research method,mainly research on competency counselors,analysis and comparison of the research competence of counselors,and the prospects for future research.


Highly detailed geometric models are rapidly becoming common-place in computer graphics. These models, often represented as complex triangle meshes, challenge rendering performance, transmission bandwidth, and storage capacities. This paper introduces the progressive mesh (PM) representation, a new scheme for storing and transmitting arbitrary triangle meshes. This efficient, loss less, continuous-resolution representation addresses several practical problems in graphics: smooth geomorphing of level-of-detail approximations, progressive transmission, mesh compression, and selective refinement


This article recalls the circumstances of the first edition of the novel by Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago, in Polish translation, which appeared in 1959 in volume XLIV of the Biblioteka "Kultury" series, published by the Paris Literary Institute. Reconstruction of the history of this publishing initiative in the context of the political situation is possible thanks to historical sources preserved in the Paris and Warsaw archives, publications in periodicals, memoirs and epistolary culture. The circumstances in which the typescript was imported to Poland and in which the Literary Institute obtained a license for a Polish translation, the choice of translator, and Jerzy Giedroyc and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński's correspondence are discussed. An important source of information is the lively correspondence between Maria Dąbrowska and Jerzy Stempowski, the son of a publicist and social activist, and Mason Stanisław Stempowski, a longtime life partner of the writer. The fragments of epistolary culture discussed here allow a better understanding of these outstanding individuals of the twentieth century. The content of the correspondence analyzed also allows us to reconstruct many interesting facts from the field of translating Russian literature into Polish, as well as the complex situation of Polish-Russian relations in the post-war period.


Supersymmetry transformations may be represented by unitary operators in a formulation of supersymmetry without numbers that anti-commute. The physical relevance of this formulation hinges on whether or not one may add states of even and odd fermion number, a question which soon may be settled by experiment.


The hilly area around Dongting Lake is a typical agro-forest multi-ecosystem in the hilly area of southern China.Rainfall resources are indispensable to water environment and water equilibrium in the ecosystem.Locational observations on water environment factors in the ecosystem and monitoring and research on water equilibrium in the small watershed were carried out.Results showed that the rainfall resources were rich in the region.But with the differences in seasonal allocation of rainfall,both surplus and deficiency occurs in the process of water balancing in the system.The seasonal surplus water was311.3mm,and the deficiency was134.7mm in the average year.About 76%of precipitation belonged to derivative resources for water cycle,and the remaining amount overflowed to downstream water area in the form of runoff.Some 1.31×10 10 m 3 of water,1.64×10 6 m 3 of silt and0.89×10 4 t of nutrients(N,P,K)in the area are lost or transported into Dongting Lake in the process of rainfall erosion each year.Thus rainwater conservancy is the basic form of the rainwater management .The utilizable rainwater is2.41times as much as the maximum requirement of irrigation water for the existing farmland at present,and the ratio of utilizable rainwater to requirement is related to ecosystem scale.The main factors affecting water equilibrium and water use efficiency are limitations of rainfall conservancy project and the construction of sloping land ecosystems,especially the construction of agro-forest multi-ecosystem.It contains the planting patterns of vegetation community and sustainable conservation of soil productivity.


Imogen Dickie's book Fixing Reference promises to reframe the investigation of mental intentionality, or what makes thoughts be about particular things. Dickie focuses on beliefs, and argues that i ...


In ink-jet printing, droplets of ink are generated using thermal or piezoelectric actuators at a close distance above the target surface, typically 0.5-2 mm. Commonly used droplet volumes range from a few pL to over 100 pL, with up to about 1 nL in a few instances. The ink may represent the bulk material to be dispensed and accumulated in the target structure (e.g., microlenses), or the fluid component of a solution or suspension may serve only as a carrier for the material of interest (display phosphors, conducting powders, medical reagents).


Administrative evaluation acts from the inside of the administrative system to evaluate the administrative activity,and makes the evaluation results real and effective when reflecting the performance of administrative activity.The results of the administrative evaluation along with reward and punishment.This system can stimulate the consciousness of the administrative organ to take action of self-regulate and self-control,which leading to the achivement of self-error correction and self-improvement.Administrative evaluation system as the practice mechanism of administrative self-restraint,is an evaluation system under the framework of the administrative self-restraint,can effectively regulate the executive power.


Simulation modeling with data from the Maryland Medicaid Management Information System has provided an opportunity to examine policy options and assess their likely impact on savings before program decisions were made. Analysis of a large sample of the Maryland Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) Medicaid subpopulation confirms that a significant difference in utilization and cost to Medicaid exists between usual sources of care for AFDC clients even after controlling for patient demographics and case-mix differences. Findings indicate that savings from reduced use of hospital outpatient departments may offset increases of as much as 40–50 percent in physician fees under certain assumptions.


Swarm Intelligence and swarm robotics is a field in which a lot of research is being done. A lot of this research is concerned with collective construction, construction performed by a set of simple agents working in a distributed fashion. Most of the work done focuses on constructing very simple structures however, leaving a gap in the research, the need for examining the construction of complex structures. In this thesis, we take a step towards filling this gap. In our preliminary studies, we design a complex structure along with four agent types and evaluate which design is better suited for constructing a complex structure as we define it. We find that the agent design inspired by social insects and using internal thresholds to control its behaviour is the best performer, and set out to enhance this design. To make our agents better suited for distributed construction, we enhance them by giving them wall-following behaviour, along with significantly redesigning their internal threshold model to closer resemble the threshold models employed by social insects. Performing simulations using versions of our improved agents varying in their threshold-setting methods, we show that different types of structures will test different aspects of agent design and that, to some degree, making the agents work faster will also make them less reliable. From our results, we conclude that our Variable Limit agent design, having dynamic internal thresholds, is the design best suited for the task of collective construction. Our results show that the use of dynamic thresholds will enable swarm intelligence systems to perform efficiently and reliably, while requiring only a minimal amount of information about their task and the environment in which the task is to be carried out.


The functioning of inkjet printheads is influenced negatively by residual vibrations and cross-talk, e.g. in terms of attainable jetting frequencies and droplet consistency. Previous work has shown that MIMO lifted iterative learning control (ILC) can be applied to design input wave forms (pulses) that leave the droplet formation undisturbed while minimizing the effect of these issues. However, the resulting pulses are usually too complex to be implemented on an application specific integrated circuit of a printhead. In this paper, the ILC framework is adjusted with a modified algorithm that allows for the design of pulses with predefined complexity. It is shown that this - generally applicable - modified ILC algorithm using only piece-wise affine command signals operates without a severe loss of performance compared to unconstrained ILC.


This article is an initiative of the record of the history of GEPEM. Your objective is to present a report about the celebration of the 40th anniversary of GEPEM, that took place on the II Seminar in Mathematics Education: Teacher Education, historically contextualizing the GEPEM and its journey through the publications. In addition, we provide a simple tribute for Teacher Estela Kaufman Fainguelernt. For conclusion we present some participants' reflection concerning the importance of events in teacher education.


We present the analytical formulas for the conditional and unconditional states of a two-level atom interacting with a single-photon wavepacket. We express the a priori state of the system by means of the quantum trajectories related to the process of detection of photons in the output field. We give the formulas for the mean number of photons detected up to the given time and we derive the expressions for the mean time of detection of the photons.


At the power consumption side, with the emergence of energy storage, electric vehicles, microgrids with bidirectional regulation ability, and flexible loads such as translational load and interruptible load with certain response ability, more schedulable resources are provided for the power grid (Jiang et al., 2020). Through the interaction between the network and load and between the source and load, users give up the control of load to a certain extent. By dispatching this part of resources, the power grid reshapes the demand curve to match the supply curve, which is beneficial for ensuring the stable operation of the power grid, and provides a new means of support for stabilizing the volatility and peak shaving caused by large-scale clean energy access (Wang et al., 2021). However, the load-side resources are distributed in a large number, and the massive distributed schedulable resources are limited by communication, which makes it difficult to control accurately and directly, increasing the difficulty of power grid control. Nevertheless, with the rapid development of cloud computing (Geng et al., 2021), big data, Internet of Things (Cao, 2021), 5G mobile communication, and other technologies, the adjustable control characteristics of flexible load based on real-time data can be accurately predicted. Therefore, a large number of flexible loads are aggregated into one or more schedulable wholes according to certain criteria. Through sufficient real-time data mining (Xu et al., 2019), two-way interaction with the power grid is carried out, and active participation in power grid dispatching is carried out, which are beneficial for fully tapping the distributed resources, achieving higher economic benefits, and improving the stability of power grid operation. In this paper, the problems of flexible load controllability evaluation and bidirectional interaction technology based on real-time data are clarified, and some views on relevant technical elements are put forward.


Lisp programs are traditionally represented by S-expressions. Side-eeecting S-expressions allows to easily build cyclic S-expressions which can be turned, through macroexpansion, into syntactically recursive programs i.e., programs which do not have a nite DAG-like representation. We do not know of any compiler able to compile such syntactically recursive programs. Yet, interpreters do not have these problems when evaluating these sort of programs. The paper proposes a program transformation that translates any possibly syntactically recursive program into an equivalent regular program. This result establishes (i) that any S-expression can be considered as a program irrespectively of its possibly cyclic structure, (ii) the equivalence of compilers and interpreters with respect to any S-expression as well as (iii) the possibility to implement a dynamic evaluation facility i.e., the eval function, without any interpreter and with the sole use of a compiler.


Nearly 10 years after her death, I can still remember my mother's telephone number. I thought of it the other day, or rather it thought of me, leaping apparently uninvited in to my mind. I don't have a particularly good memory, but those digits have a life of their own. Science could probably explain it by using pictures showing a part of my brain lighting up. But it would not know why. The account would just be a metaphor for something no one really understands. More than three centuries after the Enlightenment inaugurated the age of reason, and a decade since 'the end of history' was announced, memory, and the past it is meant to represent, remains a puzzle.


This study examines the effects of intellectual property protection on developing countries by using a three-pole global economy model. Although the classical North-South framework is a very useful method to represent the conflict between the developed and the developing world, the present study claims that it does not exactly reflect the heterogeneity within developing countries in some cases; such as intellectual property and technological production. Therefore, a three-pole world economy which consists of the following regions has been designed in this study; a region that only innovates high-technology goods (the North), a region that innovates low-technology goods and imitates northern high-technology goods (the East) and a region that only imitates eastern low-technology goods and northern high-technology goods that have been already imitated by eastern imitators (the South). This setup enables us to define the global imitation process as a chain system which allows southern region to imitate also the northern goods that have been imitated by eastern imitators before.To observe the effects of the possible policy choices, the theoretical model has been simulated. The results reveal firstly, northern region benefits from tighter intellectual property protection in any case; secondly, stronger IPR protections in the East reduces eastern imitation and enhances southern imitation sectors which target eastern imitation; thirdly, an IPR strengthening policy in the South certainly exerts negative effects in southern region while it brings benefit to eastern region in some aspects; e.g. relative wages. Particularly the third finding shows that the new three-pole approach on the analysis of intellectual property protection explicitly reflects the presence of an absolute conflict of interests within the developing world. Moreover, it proves that for developing countries with relatively low technological capacity there is no possibility of benefiting from tighter protection of the local intellectual property rights.


Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are of increasing importance in scientific high-performance computing to reduce development costs, raise the level of abstraction, and, thus, ease scientific programming. However, designing DSLs is not easy, as it requires knowledge of the application domain and experience in language engineering and compilers. Consequently, many DSLs follow a weak approach using macros or text generators, which lack many of the features that make a DSL comfortable for programmers. Some of these features—e.g., syntax highlighting, type inference, error reporting—are easily provided by language workbenches, which combine language engineering techniques and tools in a common ecosystem. In this article, we present the Parallel Particle-Mesh Environment (PPME), a DSL and development environment for numerical simulations based on particle methods and hybrid particle-mesh methods. PPME uses the Meta Programming System, a projectional language workbench. PPME is the successor of the Parallel Particle-Mesh Language, a Fortran-based DSL that uses conventional implementation strategies. We analyze and compare both languages and demonstrate how the programmer's experience is improved using static analyses and projectional editing, i.e., code-structure editing, constrained by syntax, as opposed to free-text editing. We present an explicit domain model for particle abstractions and the first formal type system for particle methods.


of residents reported having good/very good knowledge level of only 3 of 13 genetics core competencies: chromosome abnormalities (87, 51%), prenatal screening testing (68, 40%) and taking family history (81, 47%). The majority reported fair, poor, or very poor knowledge of preconception counseling; multifactorial, mendelian, and nonmendelian inheritance; single gene disorders; population genetics; screening at-risk populations; cancer and molecular genetics; and constructing a pedigree. Residents reported obtaining clinical genetics information primarily from guidelines and practice bulletins (108, 63%), although 30% (52) of residents reported no good source of clinical genetics information.


Flos Lonicerae (FL, flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The aim of this study was to screen the chemical composition and to study the antibacterial activity of essential oils of Flos Lonicerae. The chemical composition of the essential oils was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The major compounds of Flos Lonicerae essential oils were linalool (10.4%), palmitic acid (8.0%), geraniol (6.9%), hexanal (2.5%), and α-terpineol (2.2%). Flos Lonicerae essential oils demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of this study suggest that the essential oils of Flos Lonicerae have an interesting antimicrobial effect and may be a new potential source for a natural antimicrobial applied in the pharmaceutical field.


The formylpeptides formyl‐methionyl‐Nmethylleucyl‐ phenylaline methyl ester [for‐Met‐(NMe)Leu‐Phe‐OMe] 1, formyl‐methionyl‐2‐aminotetralin‐2‐carboxyl‐phenylalanine methyl ester [for‐Met Act‐Phe‐OMe] 2, formyl‐methionyl‐1,2,3,4‐terahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxl‐ phenylalanine methyl ester [for‐Met‐Tic‐Phe‐OMe] 3 and formyl‐ methionyl‐2‐aminoxy‐4‐methylvaleryl‐phenylalanine methyl ester [for‐Met‐OLeu‐Phe‐OMe] 4 were synthesized in order to investigate the role of the amide bond at position 2 on biological activities on human neutrophils. Only analogue 2, which keeps the NH group at position 2, was found to retain activity though sterically encumbered.


Educating quality teachers to work effectively with diverse student populations is a challenge yet to be met by most educators. This challenge is imperative in mathematics education where people often accept disparities in achievement across various student backgrounds as being normal, natural, inevitable, explainable, or even acceptable ( Secada, 1992). For example, a common misconception is that African American, Hispanic, White female, and poor students are not "mathematically inclined" and must work harder to succeed. In contrast, Asian and White male students are often seen to possess an innate ability to succeed in mathematics. Seeing students for what they know and can do mathematically, instead of what they look like or where they live, and understanding the similarities and differences in students' world experiences are goals mathematics educators need to pursue when preparing the next generation of teachers. As a mathematics educator, I strive to change my students' image of mathematics learners and instill in them a belief that all children can learn mathematics. As an African American female mathematics educator, I also want my students to explore issues relating to gender, ethnicity, and class, and to investigate how these issues are enacted in mathematics classrooms and schools. In my experience, however, most preservice teachers have limited experience working and interacting with people different than themselves. Ninety-five percent of the preservice teachers I have taught are White middle-class females who attended schools with very little diversity in the student body, faculty, and administration. The few preservice teachers that have attended racially mixed schools have reported that they rarely interacted with people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. As a result of their experiences, most of these preservice teachers envision themselves teaching in schools similar to the ones they attended where the students are like them. Recent demographics suggest an increase in the likelihood that today's preservice teachers will teach students whose ethnic backgrounds differ greatly from their own. The National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES, 2001) reported that minority students comprised 38 percent of the total US public school enrollment in 1999. These enrollments differ by region and range from 24 percent minority student enrollment in the Midwest to 47 and 45 percent in the West and South, respectively. The NCES further notes that the overall number of minority student enrollments is increasing and that Hispanic students are the fastest growing student population in US elementary and secondary schools. As the number of students of color entering our public schools increases, so does the need for teachers prepared to accommodate the mathematical needs of a wide variety of students. Now more than ever, mathematics educators must meet the challenge of preparing preservice teachers to work effectively in diverse mathematics classrooms. As Sleeter (1997) recommends, the professional development of teachers at the preservice level should include research on the professional development of teachers, mathematics


Considerable progress has been attained in media streaming technology. It is now possible to combine digital images with synchronized audio and video content to create live or on-demand slide shows for the Web. In more advanced settings, the images can also be annotated for synchronized playback. However, despite advances in data compression and congestion control, media streaming is still sensitive to fluctuation of network traffic. We propose a new Web presentation tool that uses text-to-speech synthesis as an alternative to audio streaming. On playback the synchronization of slide annotations and transitions with the synthetic narration can be preserved without concerns for the individual differences in the users' environments in terms of CPU power and bandwidth availability. The implemented prototype includes a standalone production client and a Web playback client.


Based on the network researches of the relationship between water cycle and crop productivity of agro-ecosystem in different ecological type regions in China,the water requirement and consumption characteristics of some crops (wheat,corn,soybean,etc. ),crop water use efficiency(WUE) and the crop-water productivity function were investigated. The results showed that there were great improvements in relationship between water and crops in different optimized agro-ecosystem models. The water used by crops was saved,yield and water use efficiency of crops were increased.


We developed deep UV generation techniques with home-made wide bandgap anode and carbon nanotube (CNT) based cold cathode electron beam (C-beam). The wide bandgap anodes excited with high performance C-beam. The fabrication process for anodes were developed and optimized for high performance deep UV generation. Also, the performance of C-beams optimized. With the optimized C-beam and anode, we could obtain deep UV with wavelength of 208, 226 and 244 nm. The deep-UV light sources could make new era of UV lighting technologies and industries.


Based on the research of the current situation and the barriers to self-innovation of machinery and equipment manufacturing's industry in Henan in this paper, then discuss the current situation and the barriers to self-innovation of machinery and equipment manufacturing's industry, then describe the trend of self-innovation in the same industry abroad1 and propose effective development strategies and policies recommendation for machinery and equipment manufacturing industry in Henan.


Aluminium (Al 3+ ) addition in the simulated primary circuit of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) was investigated based on its effect on the oxide film formed on 304 stainless steel (SS). SEM images showed the formation of more compact oxide films after Al 3+ addition. Deposition of cobalt was inhibited by Al 3+ addition according to the results from EDX and XPS. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis demonstrated that the corrosion potential of the oxide films observably increased and that the corrosion current density remarkably decreased after Al 3+ addition. Mott-Schottky plots showed that the semiconductor properties of the oxide films could be changed by Al 3+ addition. These results revealed the composition and structure changes of the oxide films that resulted in corrosion inhibition of 304 SS and prevention of the radiation field build-up of Co 2+ in the simulated primary circuit of the PWR. The current work offers a good solution for corrosion and radiation build-up of structural materials in many nuclear plants.


We establish certain relationships between pairs of polynomials which have the same maximum modulus on an infinite set of concentric circles.


This research studies public higher education institutions positioning in the State of Queretaro,
using a non probabilistic sample quote of 550 students. The results reached reveal that students base
their decisions to choose a university upon references and available information about the different
institutions. They also show the importance of reference groups in this process. It was also found
that the most important attributes to choose an institution according to student´s perceptions about
them are the educational model, educational careers, teacher´s, academic level, image or reputation,
bonding and hired students with differences between institutions. Regarding communication
strategy, electronic media is the most used, however the analysis carried out shows no references to
many of these worth attributes for students. This situation could affect their decision about the
institutions. It was concluded that is important for organizations to make this type of studies, first to
know how they are positioned and subsequently to settle an integral communication strategy that
successfully allows to repositioning and differentiate them of the competition ones.


In the field of scheduling, the flowshop problems have been thoroughly studied over the last six decades. In this paper we propose a concise overview of flowshop scheduling techniques evolved during this period. We surveyed the exact, heuristics and metaheuristics methods for solving various flowshop scheduling problems. As a result various optimization techniques, solution procedures are available to solve a variety of problems. We also present a brief glimpse of the evolution of flowshop scheduling problems and possible approaches for their solutions. This paper also concludes with some fruitful directions for the future research.


The main objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fishmeal protein by okara meal (OM) protein in practical diets on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) mono-sex males. Fish of an average initial weight of 2.67 ± 0.01 g were stocked in 15 glass aquariums (80 L each) at a rate of 15 fish per aquarium. Fishmeal protein (18% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet. Percent replacement of fish meal (FM) by OM on the basis of crude protein was as follows: 0% (control diet A), 25% (diet B), 50% (diet C), 75% (diet D) and 100% (diet E). Diets were fed to fish at a rate of 5%, and then gradually reduced to 4% of the total fish biomass daily, for a period of 12 weeks. The results revealed that the fish fed diets A (100% FM control), B (25% OM), C (50% OM) and D (75% OM) had significantly the best average body weight, weight gain g, specific growth rate (SGR % day⁻¹), weight gain % and feed intake g fish⁻¹ compared with diet E (100% OM) which had the lowest values. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all experimental diets and control in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate %. Whole body protein contents for fish fed diets B, C and D were superior to the control diet. Incorporation of OM in the diets increased significantly whole body fat content. Incorporation of OM in the diets significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein crude fat and energy. Therefore, these findings suggest that up to 75% of FM protein can be replaced by OM protein in Nile tilapia, mono-sex male diets.


ASICs are generally accepted as the highest reliability for custom circuits as they do not have the overhead to personalize them when compared to an FPGA. However, it is this overhead in FPGAs that allow them to be testable before personalization by the user, that makes them testable to a much higher degree than ASICs. Actual data from burn-in is compared between an ASIC and an RTAXS FPGA indicating that the FPGA is an order of magnitude more reliable than the ASIC.


THE DIFFICULTIES encountered in estimating registration rates for families eligible for the service of a community health center have been pointed out in a paper by Salber and co-authors describing the characteristics of patients registered at the Martha M. Eliot Health Center in Boston, Mass. (1). Ideally, specific point prevalence registration rates would be determined for subgroups at successive points in time. For example, for the 15th day of each successive month, we might wish to know the proportion of families that were registered among all white Aid to Families of Dependent Children (AFDC) families currently residing in the service area and having at least one preschool child. If there were no movement of population in or out of the area, a baseline census enumeration could serve as a population register. As each family registered, an


Geographical Coordinates is the base of global satellite navigation of CNS/ATM. There is a big difference between Chinese Geographical Coordinates and World Geodetic System 1984(WGS 84). The Chinese geographical coordinates for civil aviation should adapt to WGS 84.


Condensing flows in nozzles and fixed blades of steam turbine have always been the subject of many studies.In such flows, existence of liquid phase in vapor changes the nature of the flow. The major of changes are due to four main mechanisms included nucleation, droplet growth, coalescence and breakage of droplets. In this paper,the effects of coalescence process between droplets have been investigated in a condensing flow in convergent-divergent nozzle in one dimensional form


A cuff for a blood pressure monitor includes an air bladder (34) for pressing a living body; an outer cover (30) for containing the air bellows (34); and a fixing unit (40) which is arranged in the inner lining (30). A portion closer to one end (30b) of the outer casing (30) is formed between a roll (44) in the mounting unit (40) is disposed, and inserted a stopper (46) and is fixed by passing it through the stopper (46) against the roller (44) is pressed. The roller (44) is only in a direction of reducing the size of the annular portion of the outer casing (30) rotatably. According to such a configuration, a cuff for a blood pressure monitor is obtained which has a simple configuration and can be manufactured at low cost, and in which the fastening in reference is performed on the upper arm easily, and the fastening with respect reproduced stably on the upper arm.


The research boom in the field of memory studies, which began about thirty years ago, eventually reached Russia and, in some ways, absorbed the minds of Russian social scientists. Today in Russia, memory studies is one of the most fashionable areas of humanities. Every year, dozens of conferences are held, and hundreds of books and articles are published, in which the memory of the past is the main focus of attention. Curiously, historians are not the leaders in this field. Anthropologists, sociologists, and experts in other fields have taken up the lead, for it has become clear that historical science is only one of many forms of knowledge about the past and is more of an intellectual exercise whose goal is to recreate a consistent and comprehensive picture of the past. Memory, on the other hand, if we discuss it not just as a psychological process but as a social phenomenon, is a sociocultural practice with its own—sometimes highly selective, inconsistent, or even controversial—ways of perceiving the past. Simply put, the watershed between historical studies and memory of the past is not how, when, and why events occurred or how they were connected, but what, how and why we remember them, retain some of them in our collective memory and forget others. The book Battle for the Past: How Politics Changes History by Ivan Kurilla, a professor at the European University at St. Petersburg, was published by Alpina Publisher in 2022, and immediately attracted attention of the Russian memory studies community. This is a very unusual book; truth be told, it is nothing like I have ever read before. To begin with, it is not so easy to define its genre. Written


The management of respiratory failure during acute exacerbations of COPD and during chronic stable COPD is reviewed and the role of non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation is discussed.


In this research we describe the experiences of two andalusian universities (University of Seville and Pablo de Olavide) in order to experience and to explore the possibilities that interactive concept maps offer as teaching resources implemented through Edublog. Among the most important contributions, it should be noted how the design and dissemination of concept maps (with the help of social software applications: Mindomo and Blogger) has facilitated the active participation of university students in building their own and new knowledge by selecting, structuring and interpreting the main features of the two conceptual domains worked at each university: the possibilities and limitations of ICT and the areas of intervention of the educator and social worker.


Summary form only given. The main objectives of data mining are the accuracy and interpretability of the obtained knowledge from databases. How to design sophisticated algorithms to deal with them is an attractive issue for researches. In recent years, many statistical methods have actively been studied to pursue more and more accurate knowledge. However, the interpretability of such knowledge is often low because of its complexity. On the contrary, symbolic methods have also been studied to obtain interpretable knowledge for further analyses. One of the promising methods is fuzzy data mining which can obtain linguistically interpretable fuzzy if-then rules from databases. To enhance the generalization ability for unseen data, the interpretability for users, and the applicability to real-world problems, evolutionary computation has successfully been incorporated into fuzzy data mining. This approach is often referred to as genetic fuzzy systems. In this tutorial, we introduce the history of genetic fuzzy systems and basic taxonomy. Then we explain two main streams in genetic fuzzy systems: classification and association rule mining. Some current topics such as multiobjective optimization and parallel implementation are also explained.


MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGE *Cross Cultural Studies; Family Characteristics; *Family Planning; *Measurement Techniques; *Models; *Research Methodology; Speeches; Theories; Validity This document reports on the development of a measurement model aimed at determining preference for sex and number of children in a family. These new scales reflect the utility for sex and number of children, disentangle their separate effects, and provide independent measures of each. They are sensitive to deviations from a first choice, and index an underlying preference structure that is often at variance with a stated first preference. Two advances in psychological measurement theory provide the basis for the models and measures developed and tested in both the experimental and field data. The authors detail the development of both the model, using conjoint measurement theory, and the scales, using the unfolding theory. Six different models of family composition have been tested in exploratory work to date. They range from the simplest--that the utility for a boy adds to the utility for a girl to give the utility for a family--to a threshold model which implies some sort of stopping rule, such as having at least one or two sons. The most viable model asserts that the relevant variables are the total number of children and the algebriac difference between the number of boys and the number of girls preferred. A cross-cultural analysis of scale validity is reviewed. (Author/PC)


Obiective To evalate the clinical results of free combined and composite tissue transplantation for treatment of degloving injuries of the hand.Methods 26 combined and composite tissue transplants were transferred to treat 15 cases of degloving injuries of the hand with loss of fingers.Results 25 flaps completely survived.There was partial neerosis of 1 flap.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 5 to 36 months.The functions and appearance were satisffactory,with good results in 12 cases and fair results in 3 according to the criteria of functional assessment for upper extremity issued by the Chinese Medical Association.Conclusion Combined and composite tissue transplantation is an optimal method for treatment of degloving injuries of the hand and functional reconstruction.


National Education Goal Six calls for all schools to have safe environments conducive to teaching and learning by year 2000. In 1989, the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction initiated the School Security Enhancement Program, which provides competitive grants to school districts to develop or improve school-based security projects. During the 1991-93 biennium, the program was implemented in 15 districts across the state. This paper describes features of the program models and presents findings of a study that assessed their effectiveness. Interviews were conducted in May 1993 with 159 stakeholders at study sites (four large project sites and four small project sites) that had implemented school security programs. For each of the large sites, one high school and one middle school participated and for each small site, one high school was asked to participate. Individual participants included 19 school administrators, 21 security staff, 36 teachers, 15 custodians, 41 students, and 27 parents. Virtually all groups reported that the current school year was safer than the preceding year. A large percentage of the principals and teachers saw serious or moderate problems in trespassing, student possession of weapons, gang activities, robbery or theft, and verbal abuse of teachers. There was strong consensus among stakeholders that their program was needed. In comparison with a national survey of teachers, more Washington State teachers reported serious to moderate problems in six of eight areas, particularly robbery/theft, weapons possession, and racial tensions. It is recommended that program services be coordinated with "Omnibus Act" programs and that programs be designed within a conceptual framework that addresses the underlying causes of youth vio..ence. (LMI)


We present evidence of low defect density at Ge/GeO2 interfaces on the basis of first-principles total energy calculations. The energy advantages of atom emission from the Ge/GeO2 interface to release stress due to lattice mismatch are compared with those from the Si/SiO2 interface. The advantages of Ge/GeO2 are found to be less than those of Si/SiO2 because of the high flexibility of the bonding networks in GeO2. Thus, the suppression of Ge-atom emission during the oxidation process leads to improved electrical properties of the Ge/GeO2 interfaces.


Managers of public, private, civil or non-governmental organisationscannot ignore the importance of developing their human resource to acquire the essential skills, knowledge and desired attitudes needed for timely deliveryof appropriate actions to achieve corporate goals. It is no doubt that the effective tool to measure or evaluate performance of individuals, teams and organisations is the Performance Appraisal technique. The question, however,is how relevant and effective is this tool being used.
This study, therefore, critically examines the relevance, effectiveness, and the procedures of the performance appraisal system in Quality Control Division (QCD) of COCOBOD in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses, and make suggestions for best practice.
The findings show that the performance appraisal system in QCD is fraught with imperfections rendering it almost ineffective. Apart from promotion and pay-raise, data generated through the system is usually not used for any other administrative and human resource development decisions.Targets are set anyhow and are not communicated to staff, performance appraisal criteria are unclear, resulting in subjective measurements, and there is lack of effective monitoring and feedback or appraisal interviews.
 If QeD is to develop and grow to gain competitive advantage over her competitors and would-be competitors, then management has the responsibility to be committed to the system, organise systematic training of all appraisers, set targets and identify key results areas of all jobs within the organisation, and observe the best practices of performance appraisal in order to meet the growing millennium challenges of the 21st Century.


1566 Background: The main environmental risk factor for melanoma is related to UV-exposure. Our objective was to evaluate in a survey the profile of sun exposition in the French population as well as the level of knowledge about UV risk and UV protection. Methods: "Edifice Melanoma" a nationwide observational survey was conducted in France via phone interviews among a representative sample of 1502 subjects aged ≥ 18, using the quota method. The survey took place shortly after the summer (September 28th to October 20th, 2011). Results: From the total population of 1502 subjects, 330 (22%) denied any sun exposition. Among those declaring being exposed to the sun (1172), 62% affirmed using a photoprotection method (clothes, sun protective cream). The opportunities for sun exposure arose during holidays (85%), sport (79%) or professional activities (23%), with an annual average exposure of 113 days. 902 subjects (77%) declared avoiding sun exposure between 12 and 4 PM. The main sociodemographic characteristic...


Air pockets were found on amorphous ribbons of Fe-Bi-Si and Fe-B-Si-C with different sizes, shapes, and orientations due to differences in processing conditions. The coercivity decreased and the magnetization in low fields increased as the size of the air pockets decreased. The coercivity was always higher and the magnetization lower for air pockets oriented parallel to the ribbon length. The same trends remained after stress relief annealing. Applications of tensile stress produced changes correlated to differences in air pocket size and orientation. The 60 Hz coercivity, loss, and maximum drive field exhibited the same trends as the dc coercivity with changes in air pocket size and orientation. The difference between H c (60 Hz) and H c (dc) increased with decrease in air pocket size. It is concluded that the air pockets influence the magnetic properties of ribbon by providing wall pinning sites which control the motion of walls present during magnetization reversal and by providing regions in the ribbon with a misorientation in the easy axis.


Maps are taken here as graphic representations in which space within the image corresponds to space in the real world. More abstract data graphics in which image space corresponds to other aspects of the real world are rare, but mapping better attests along a spectrum from plans of buildings or neighborhoods (apparently common) to rarer regional and even world maps. Like other devices discussed in the book, maps in general are used in a limited number of contexts (e.g., construction, fiscality), and individual instances are ruthlessly stripped of information not needed for their individual purpose. Few if any of our surviving examples are rigorously to scale, and so some scholars have rejected their identification as maps at all. In fact, while individual approaches are distinct, they nonetheless show family resemblances by drawing differentially from more or less the same pool of strategies. In combination, these do not determine a single spatial reading for any given work of map, but they constrain the range of plausible approximations. If the direct evidence leads us to this non-anachronistic notion of mapping, then indirect evidence suggests cartography would have been important in some additional contexts, as well.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of treatment of lumbar disc herniation with medical ozone. Materials and Methods 35 patients with lumbar disc herniation were injected 5~10 ml medical ozone into disc and paravertebral space with 21G needles under fluoroscopic guidance. The ozone concentration was 50ug/ml. Results All patients were followed up over the period of 1~9months. The overall efficacy was 85.71% with the excellent 48.57%, the good 37.14% and the poor 14.29% respectively. Most of the patients obtained therapeutic effect in the period of half to 1 month after treatment. No severe complications were found throughout this study. Conclusion Percutaneous intradiscal ozone injection is an effective and safe method for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.


Although morphological charts are widely taught used tools in engineering design, little formal guidance is provided regarding their representation and exploration. Thus, an experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of functional ordering on the exploration of morphological charts. Two design prompts were used, each with five different functional arrangements: (1) most-to-least important function, (2) least-to-most important function, (3) input-to-output function, (4) output-to-input function, and (5) Random. Sixty-seven junior mechanical engineering students were asked to generate integrated design concepts from prepopulated morphological charts for each design prompt. The concepts were analyzed to determine the frequency with which a given means was selected, how much of the chart was explored, the sequence of exploration, and the influence of function ordering. Results indicated a tendency to focus upon the initial columns of the chart irrespective of functional order. The most-to-least-important functional order resulted in higher chances and a uniformity of design space exploration.


Abstract: Virtual prototypes or virtual 3D models of complex armament parts reduce costs and production time with minimal risk of hidden flaws, testing and analyzing the construction before creating real physical prototypes or optimizing parameters in parallel with the physical prototypes. The report presents the possibility of rapid prototyping through the virtual 3D model of the SPG-9 breech and using additive manufacturing to obtain a functioning physical prototype.


The structural characteristics of passive residual heat removal heat exchanger and the key manufacturing process were introduced.The manufacturing process comparing with external was analyzed and the gap of internal manufacturing process was found,then where to be improved in the future was pointed out.


The current paper investigates the influence of demography, geographical constraints, and land regulation on house price in Malaysia based on the developers' perspective. A survey questionnaire was distributed among the real estate developers in the country and for the demographical factors, population growth, income, standard of living, and household confidence on future prices are identified to be important determinants. Meanwhile, in terms of land regulations, a majority of the developers believed that the cost of land acquisition, zoning regulations, and land statuses are important on house price setting. Apart from that, geographical constraints including land reclamation, forest clearing, and hillslope stripping are also considered by the developers. In ensuring that the house price remains affordable, land regulations on real estate development should be more relaxed to stimulate housing projects at lower costs. In addition, price speculation should also be monitored if not curbed so that the house price remains affordable particularly for the medium and low-income earners.


The X-ray diffraction analysis of 30 C 19 -diterpenoid alkaloids is reviewed. During the course of structure determination, many naturally-occurring alkaloids have been correlated with alkaloids whose structures were established by X-ray crystal studies. The relative stereochemistry of these alkaloids at all the centres can be assumed to be correct. The absolute stereochemistry has been established for some of the alkaloids.


The purpose of this paper is to estimate the amount of methane emitted from Al Akeeder landfill which is the second largest landfill in Jordan. To achieve that Gas-Sim model was used in predicting the amount of methane emissions. It was found that the methane emission will reach its peak value of 12 Million M 3 /year by the year 2021, one year after the landfill closure. Furthermore, the power that can be obtained from the landfill in case ob methane recovery was estimated to be 5.6 MW in 2021. Utilizing the biogas will not only generate a green energy, but also will create a source of revenue through selling the CERs regulated by Clean Development Mechanism of Kyoto protocol.


Regulation of the US Nuclear Power industry has been extensive during the 1970's. Key to this situation has been the evolution in the interpretation of the rules, regulations and consensus standards which have been incorporated into NRC guidance documents by reference or endorsement. The resulting increase in the number and complexity of LWR construction requirements has significantly increased the labor content of an LWR construction project. The authors believe that existing nuclear related consensus standards should be reviewed with the objective of modifying the standards to improve the efficiency and productivity of engineering, craft, and non-manual personnel.


To apply the ultrasonic 3D reconstruction method to measure the anatomic image data of lacrimal sac in the normal adult Chinese population, providing imaging anatomical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal duct diseases . 80 volunteers without lacrimal duct diseases were enrolled. The GE Voluson E8 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus was used, with gynecological in tracavit ry probe (frequency: 5 ~ 12MHz) for the examination and measurement. Each datum was repeated three times for the average value. Am ong the 80 eyes, the lacrimal sacs of 74 eyes exhibited the clear imaging, with the imaging rate as 92.5 %. the vertical diameter of la crimal sac cavity (LSC): 13.3±2.2 mm; anteroposterior diameter: 6.0 ±1.1 mm; trans diameter: 4.9 ±0.9 mm; the vertical distance from the sac cavity top to the skin surface: 6.3 ±0.12 mm, the vertical distance from the sac cavity bottom to the skin surface: 6.5 ±0.11 mm; the distance from the angular artery to the medial canthus: 7.8 ±0.05 mm; the vertical distance from the angular artery to the skin surface: 7.7 ±0.08 mm. The lacrimal sac and angular artery in the adults could be shown clearly in ultrasonic 3D reconstruction, the accumulated anatomical parameters could provide the instructive meanings towards the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal diseases.


The objective of the In-Plant Reliability Data (IPRD) program is to develop a comprehensive, component-specific reliability data base for probabilistic risk assessment and for other statistical analyses relevant to component reliability evaluations. This document is the product of a pilot study that was undertaken to demonstrate the methodology and feasibility of applying IPRDS techniques to develop and analyze the reliability characteristics of key electrical components in five nuclear power plants. These electrical components include diesel generators, batteries, battery chargers and inverters. The sources used to develop the data base and produce the component failure rates and mean repair times were the plant equipment lists, plant drawings, maintenance work requests, Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs), and interviews with plant personnel. The data spanned approximately 33 reactor-years of commercial operation.


We report recent and archival IUE observations of the Herbig Be star HD 176386. We find accreting gas toward the star with velocities up to + 300 km s −1 in C IV and Si IV. Detection of these species in a B9.5 star is consistent with collisional ionization of the accreting gas to temperatures in excess of the stellar T eff . The IUE data also provide evidence for the presence of discrete absorption features similar to those observed in optical and UV spectra of β Pic. The accreting gas column densities, and maximum accretion velocity are intermediate between those seen in younger Herbig Ae/Be stars such as HR 5999 and HD 45677 and field systems such as β Pic and 51 Oph


MIAMI, Fla. (.4»A mighty tropical hurricane with winds exceeding 140 miles per hour pushed Iteadily through the SOl:lth Atlantic on a course between west northwe t and northwest late last niiht. It was centered approximately 800 miles east-southeast ot Miami. In an advisory the weather bureau pinpolnted the hurricane near latitude 23.2 north, longitude 68.5 we t, or about 210 miles northeast of Turks Island. The storm was still moving In a west northwest and northwest course and it was predicted that it would contlnue in this direction for a~ least the next 10 hours. A possible re-curvature to the north Sunday was foreseen. Unless an expected reCUTve to the north begins by nooll today, the w a ther bureau planned to broadcast a preliminary hurricane alert for the Florida east coast. Forecaslers con{\dently predictld, however, that the northward recurve would begin early this morning. Far 10 lhe south, the baUleshlp Missouri, bl'inging President Truman home from the Rio De Janeiro con terence, was reported to have slowed her pace tQwards Puerto Rico to allow the storm to clear out of her path.


We present three maps of the millimeter-wave sky created by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. We use data from the SPT-SZ survey, a survey of 2540 deg2 of the the sky with arcminute resolution in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, and the full-mission Planck temperature data in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz bands. A linear combination of the SPT-SZ and Planck data is computed in spherical harmonic space, with weights derived from the noise of both instruments. This weighting scheme results in Planck data providing most of the large-angular-scale information in the combined maps, with the smaller-scale information coming from SPT-SZ data. A number of tests have been done on the maps. We find their angular power spectra to agree very well with theoretically predicted spectra and previously published results.


ABSTRACT Clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance was 29.1 and 23.9%, respectively, in 96 Helicobacter pylori strains obtained from pediatric patients. No resistance to amoxicillin was observed. Resistance according to patients' ages to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 45.4 and 18.2% in 22 patients from 4 to 8 years old, 30.2 and 20.7% in 53 patients from 9 to 13 years old, and 9.5 and 38.1% in 21 patients from 14 to 18 years old, respectively. The A2143G mutation was the most prevalent (82.1%) among clarithromycin-resistant strains.


Lissencephaly is a severe brain malformation associated with abnormal formation of cerebral sulci. Until now, many genes related to lissencephaly have been identified. Among them, classical lissencephaly has been often related to the platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B regulatory subunit 1 gene (PAFAH1B1). We identified a novel PAFAH1B1 splicing variant (NM_000430.3:c.118-2A>G) in a female patient with classical lissencephaly manifesting as developmental delay, growth failure, and epilepsy. This variant was not detected in her parents, indicating de novo occurrence of the variant in the patient. To confirm whether this variant is in fact related to splicing error, RNA expression was analyzed. As suspected, an abnormal short band excluding exon 4 was additionally detected. This evidence confirmed that the novel variant is definitely pathogenic to cause lissencephaly in the patient.