A 49-year-old female was noted to have an aneurysm of the aortic isthmus on computed tomography (CT) angio as part of a workup for breast cancer (Fig. 1a). An echocardiogram showed a calcified aortic valve with restricted leaflets, moderate aortic insufficiency with an end diastolic diameter of 57mm. The surgery was performedwith right axillary and femoral artery perfusion and selective cerebral perfusion with an 8min period of circulatory arrest. The aortic valve was replaced with a #25 mechanical prosthesis (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) and the aneurysm resected with a 18mm woven Dacron graft (MAQUET, Inc., Wayne, NJ, USA) (Fig. 1b). She tolerated the procedure well and had an uncomplicated postoperative course.


Exceptional aggravated assault is a crime which was introduced to Swedish criminal law in 2010. The reason behind this was the fact that the Swedish government believed that harsher punishments were needed due to the fact that they were not proportional in comparison to the seriousness of the crime. Regarding what is to be considered as exceptional aggravated assault, the courts tend to focus on the ruthlessness of the act and if the committed act has led to any lasting injuries on the victim of the assault. Pointing out certain circumstances or acts that will always be considered exceptional aggravated assault is not possible. The ruthlessness of the act and the lasting injuries are in focus when determining whether an act of assault was exceptional aggravated assault or not.
 Swedish criminal law has during the last 30 – 40 years been heavily influenced by the ideas of the neoclassical school. The neoclassical school are proponents of proportion between the crime and the punishment and equivalence between the punishments for similar criminal offences. The school is critical to the possibilities of criminal law to reduce crime and does not want criminal law to have that purpose. This is in sharp contrast to the idea of social engineering which promotes the fact that society can and will be changed through law and law-making.
 The influence of the neoclassical school on the introduction of exceptional aggravated result is probably remarkable. Swedish jurists have all been taught in the ideas and the aforementioned principles are mentioned in the works preceding the legislation of the crime. At another level it is highly likely that the lack of an obvious justification for Swedish criminal law has led to the fact that punishments have become harsher. With the lack of justification, retribution has become the justification for the existence of Swedish criminal law. If social engineering and crime reduction instead was the legitimate cause for Swedish criminal law, exceptional aggravated result would probably have been regulated differently since principles such as proportion and equivalence would be of less importance.


Apparatus useful for cooling or freezing a product, comprising: (A) a housing (1) comprising an elongated tunnel having a product inlet (5) and a product outlet (6), a conveyor (4) transport the product into and through said tunnel from said entrance (5) to said outlet (6), said belt (4) top and bottom surfaces and first and second side edges and, within said housing (1), (B) an injection apparatus cryogenic liquid (11) for applying liquid cryogen to product is placed on the upper surface of said belt (4); (C) an exhaust port (8), including an exhaust fan, through which cryogen vapor can be withdrawn from said housing (1) by the action of said exhaust fan, (D) an upper structure impacts (17) above said belt (4), and a unitary chamber (42) comprising the space (41) above said upper structure impacts (17) and space (45) outside the first side edge of said belt (4); (E) return space (44) outside the second edge of said belt (4); (F) the upper structure impacts comprising a plurality of concave troughs (20) opening toward the belt (4) and terminating in edges trough aligned side by side across the direction of travel of said belt ( 4), so that between each pair of adjacent troughs (20) has a flow space (22) having a top that is in fluid communication with said chamber (42), sides that are between the ends respective adjacent troughs (20), and a groove of impacts between the end edges (21) of adjacent troughs (20), wherein the end edges (21) of the channels terminate at a distance above the belt surface to define areas of impact (26) located between the slot impacts of a flow space (22) and the belt surface, through which the product to be cooled or frozen can pass on said belt (4); (G) barrier structure (30,32) between said chamber (42) and said return space (44) which prevents vapor flow through the sides of said flow spaces (22) are closer to said second side edge of said tape (4) into the return space (44) and that prevents vapor flow through the sides of said impact zones (26) are more near said second side of said tape (4) in the return space (44) edge; and (H) a plurality of circulation fans (40) which is located along the length of the housing (1) that can vacuum the cryogenic vapor from said return space (44) and drive the cryogenic vapor through said fans into said chamber (42).


Residual stress was an important factor for subsequent machining accuracy of bar. Two-roll straightening process in a roll mill was simulated by large commercial finite element software. The change of stress in two-roll straightening process and the distribution of residual stress after straightening was revealed. The surface residual stress of bar after straightening was tested by blind-hole method. The result of test was compared to the simulation result, and they were approximated.


I analyze empirically the effects of both urban and industrial agglomeration on men's and women's search behavior and on the efficiency of matching. The analysis is based on the Italian Labor Force Survey micro-data, which covers 520 randomly drawn Local Labor Market Areas (66 per cent of the total) over the four quarters of 2002. I compute transition probabilities from non-employment to employment by jointly estimating the probability of searching and the probability of finding a job conditional on having searched, and I test whether these are affected by urbanization, industry localization, labor pooling and family network quality. In general, the main results indicate that urbanization and labor pooling raise job seekers' chances of finding employment (conditional on having searched), while industry localization and family network quality increase only men's. Moreover, neither urban nor industrial agglomeration affect nonemployed individuals' search behavior; although men with thicker family networks search more intensively. ∗Bank of Italy and University of Oxford. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com. This work owes much to extensive discussions with Eliana Viviano. I am particularly grateful for her invaluable help with the attrition analysis and with some aspects of programming. I also thank Erich Battistin, Massimo Caruso, William Greene, Vernon Henderson, Barbara Petrongolo, Alfonso Rosolia, Margaret Stevens, and William Strange for their helpful comments and suggestions. Finally, I thank both the participants to the CEPR conference "Integration and Technological Change: Challenges for European Regions" (11-13 June 2004, Paris) and those of the Labor Economics seminar held at the University of Oxford on 2nd December, 2004. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not involve the responsibility of the Bank.


This paper reviews the first demonstrations of broadband graphene terahertz modulators as well as recent progress on reconfigurable terahertz devices using graphene. Although atom-thick, single layer graphene is capable of efficiently tuning terahertz absorption meanwhile introducing negligible insertion loss. Recent developments in terms of transmission-mode and reflection-mode electro-absorption modulators are reviewed. Moreover, an application of these devices is presented and discussed: arrays of graphene electro-absorption modulators as electrically reconfigurable patterns for terahertz cameras.


Nowadays face detection plays an important role in recognition, emotion recognition, computer-human interaction, etc. This paper presents a novel method for the detection of facial features in images. The main objective is to develop a fully automatic facial feature detection system. The method proposed in this paper uses a combination of methods to detect facial features. It first uses the Viola-Jones methods to identify possible regions of interest subsequently use calculations based on the symmetric property of the human face to detect the true facial features. A comparison between the Viola-Jones algorithm and the proposed algorithm has been performed and it shows that our method in combination with Viola-Jones increases the accuracy of detection considerably.


The air-water interaction has been long studied in ocean physics, due to its importance to natural hazard and impact on human activities. Several studies in the literature provided advancements for a better comprehension of gases, mass and momentum exchanges at the interface. However, the subject is wide and many aspects are still unsolved, especially it is quite hard to extract data from the air and water boundary layer. A non-intrusive useful method to acquire data at the air-water interface is Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which can extrapolate a huge amount of information in water. We perform an experimental study of regular waves generated by paddles propagating under the action of the wind. We discuss the importance of sea surface boundary layer under waves and winds based on laboratory experiments and scale analysis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/X-3OQnJKMf8


Two zeolite Y samples with different framework Si/Al ratio were studied by solid state NMR method. It was shown that due to the different Si/Al ratio, the results of thermal modifications are quite different. In the sample with the Si/Al ratio is 4. 2, there may appear framework tri-coordinated Al during the calcination. By 23Na MAS NMR of the sodium cations exchanged into zeolite, it was proved that the extra-framework Al formed has some effect on the cation's chemical environment, and it may be the evidence of the enhanced acid sites due to the cooperation of B and L acid sites.


The invention discloses a kind of cruise control method of electric automobile, comprise the following steps:Whether the road ahead in the detection visual field has target vehicle;If, it is determined that relative velocity and the first safe distance;If actual fore-and-aft distance is less than the first safe distance, actual lateral separation is further determined that;Judge actual lateral separation whether more than the second safe distance;If actual lateral separation is more than this car speed more than the absolute value of the second safe distance and the relative velocity between Ben Che and target vehicle, ignores target vehicle and maintain target cruise state, otherwise carry out adaptive cruise.The cruise control method of the embodiment of the present invention, by the verification to target vehicle, improves the accuracy of target vehicle detection, better ensures that the security and comfortableness of vehicle, improves the experience of user, simple and convenient.The invention also discloses a kind of cruise control system of electric automobile and the electric automobile with it.


The digital revolution and the development of communications and social media have produced billions of articles in all fields. Automatically classifying articles has a major role in developing systems and artificial intelligence applications based on textual data mining. Many methods rely on machine learning for classification, but these methods require large resources and time. This paper presents a new, simple, and fast automated method for classifying texts and articles within their domains without relying on machine learning algorithms. The proposed algorithm is based on sequential steps in textual data mining in addition to the DMOZ ontology. The proposed algorithm was applied in the form of a web service and was tested on various texts. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method, with an accuracy of over 90%. In the future, we suggest applying the proposed algorithm to Arabic texts and creating a specific ontology for Arabic words.


In autonomous ad hoc networks, nodes may act in their self-interest to improve their performance, perhaps at the expense of other nodes', or even the overall network's, performance. Besides, nodes are often mobile and must contend with limited and obsolete information about the operating state of network during their decision-making. We examine topology control of ad hoc networks and analyze the impact of mobility, selfishness, and partial information on energy efficiency and network connectivity using tools from game theory. We develop a local topology control algorithm that uses the idea of maintaining connectivity of 1-hop neighborhoods. By examining the trade-off between network performance (energy efficiency) and the cost of cooperation (by exchanging control messages) it turns out that mobility and selfishness are, in some sense, synergistic features in information-constrained networks. Such networks consume least energy when nodes are more mobile and have significantly less connectivity information.


In a cell, proteins exist in crowded environments; these environments influence their stability and dynamics. Similarly, for an enzyme molecule encapsulated in an inorganic cavity as in biosensors or biocatalysts, confinement and even surface effects play important roles in its stability and dynamics. Using a minimalist model (two-dimensional HP lattice model), we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations to study confinement effects on protein stability. We have calculated heat capacity as a function of temperature using the histogram method and results obtained show that confinement tends to stabilize the folded conformations, consistent with experimental results (some reported here) and previous theoretical analyses. Furthermore, for a protein molecule tethered to a solid surface the stabilization effect can be even greater. We have also investigated the effects of confinement on the kinetics of the refolding and unfolding processes as functions of temperature and box size. As expected, unfolding time increases as box size decreases, however, confinement affects folding times in a more complicated way. Our theoretical results agree with our experimentally observed trends that thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase and acid phosphatase, encapsulated in mesoporous silica, increases as the pore size of the silica matrix decreases.


After lagging the United Kingdom and Canada in managing risk of government agencies and programmes, the United States is beginning to catch up with action by a small and growing group of government officials seeking to apply a management approach known as "enterprise risk management" (ERM). Too often, information is bottled up in the middle or lower ranks of an organisation. In response, ERM seeks to open channels of communication so managers have access to information needed to make good decisions. Rather than limiting the focus to specific identified risks, ERM asks the larger question: What are the risks that could prevent my agency from achieving its goals and objectives? Recognising the value of ERM in improving government management, US central organisations – the Office of Management and Budget and the Government Accountability Office – are now working to institutionalise the new movement, which in the US government began from a confederation of officials across multiple government agencies rather than as a mandate from the top of an administrative hierarchy at the centre of government. This reflects the peculiar "stateless" aspect of US public administration.


We study the influences of substrates on structure and microstructure characteristics of Nb films deposited onto Si (100), SiO2/Si (100), MgO (100) and C-plane sapphire (Al2O3) by use of magnetron sputtering. Atomic force microscopy shows that elongated columnar shaped grains dominate on these substrates. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate (110)-oriented growth on Si, SiO2/Si and sapphire substrates, while textured growth occurs on MgO substrate. An amorphous oxide layer about 2 nm on the surface of Nb films is confirmed by X-ray reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Subsequently, Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb trilayers on Si substrates are fabricated and the interfacial microstructures are also investigated.


A new class of non-isolated singularities called hyperplane singularities is introduced. Special deformations with simplest critical points are constructed and an algebraic expression for the number of Morse points is given. The topology of the Milnor fibre is completely studied.


To assess the suitability of a material for use as a core component in a fast reactor or for the first wall in a fusion reactor, it is necessary to know the irradiation damage behaviour of the material outside the usual materials testing data domain. In the present paper we propose a strategy based on a closely co-ordinated programme of experimental and theoretical research. The aim of this strategy is the systematic construction of a physically based model of the evolving damage structures. This would then allow both the necessary extrapolations of the data to the desired conditions to be achieved in a reliable fashion and provide a rational basis for the development of low swelling alloys for the two nuclear systems.


WD. Inhibition of the (cid:2) v (cid:3) 6 integrin leads to limited alteration of TGF- (cid:2) -induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol L726–L735, number of growth factors and signaling pathways regulate matrix deposition and fibroblast proliferation in the lung. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptors and the transforming growth factor- (cid:3) (TGF- (cid:3) ) family are active in diverse biological processes and are central mediators in the initiation and maintenance of fibrosis in many diseases. Transforming growth factor- (cid:2) (TGF- (cid:2) ) is a ligand for the EGFR, and doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic mice condition-ally expressing TGF- (cid:2) specifically in the lung epithelium degree of fibrosis still developed. In summary, inhibition of the (cid:3) 6 integrin led to a modest, albeit significant, effect on pleural thickening and lung function decline observed with TGF- (cid:2) -induced pulmonary fibrosis. These data support activation of the (cid:2) v (cid:3) 6 /TGF- (cid:3) pathway as a secondary effect contributing to TGF- (cid:2) -induced pleural fibrosis and suggest a complex contribution of multiple mediators to the maintenance of progressive fibrosis in the lung.


Shell aragonite from ammonites collected in the Upper Cretaceous of West Greenland was investigated by means of macroscopic/microscopic visual evaluation, analyses of calcite/aragonite ratios, carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and Sr and Mg concentrations of shell carbonate and of amino acid compositions of organic matrices. The results are:

(1) Material visually classified as well preserved may have suffered diagenetic modifications of mineralogical and chemical composition. (2) Of the chemical and mineralogical parameters studied, amino acid composition, calcite/aragonite ratios and magnesium concentrations were found to be most sensitive to post-depositional modifications, while oxygen isotope composition and strontium concentrations showed detectable diagenetic modifications only after more pronounced alterations. (3) Based on the Mg/Ca ratios and calcite concentrations of the shell aragonite, a diagenetic classification has been proposed grouping the material into well preserved, moderately preserved and poorly preserved. (4) The chemical and mineralogical composition of the best preserved material suggests that the Upper Cretaceous ammonites had a shell composition similar to that of modern Nautilus and other aragonite-shelled molluscs.


Among the conducting polymers, polypyrrole (PPY) is one of the most attractive polymer due to its wide range of applications related to its good stability and conductivity. How-ever its insolubility in some common organic solvents limits its wide range of applications. In the present work an attempt has been made to synthesize soluble and stable PPY by inverse emulsion polymerization using dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as a dopant as well as surfactant. A mixture of chloroform and 2-butanol was used as a novel dispersion medium and benzoyl peroxide as an oxidant. Optimizing the concentration of monomer and oxidant, the percent yield of PPY salts was calculated. Intrinsic viscosity of the PPY salts was calculated using capillary viscometer and was found to be dependent upon monomer concentration. Synthesized PPY salts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and CV. The thermal stability of the PPY-DBSA was determined by TGA in which a thermogram showing three step decomposition patterns was obtained. The synthesized PPY-DBSA was found to be stable upto 520 ºC, which is so far the highest thermal stability reported for PPY.


The most significant finding from this summary analysis seems to be that the difficulties of county government in Kentucky lie largely in the poverty of certain counties as compared with others and partly in the wastefulness of overhead involved in the small administrative units which counties having inadequate resources constitute. It is apparent that the small, poverty-stricken counties, whether the poverty be due to size or to other considerations, depend on inferior local revenue devices, impose heavier tax rates, spend their resources more largely on general overhead and debt service and less largely on direct governmental services, suffer more heavily from debt maladies, and in general are less happy in their financial situation than are the counties of larger size. Similar analyses based on population get similar results ; but as would be expected from the fact that part of the difficulty comes from poverty rather than from size of administrative


In order to explore the influence of glucoside peptide injection,a new immune strengthening agent on immune function of canine,twenty canines were randomly divided into four groups in this experiment.There were five canines in each group.The canines in four groups were respectively injected with glucoside peptide injection,glucoside peptide injection combined with canine 5-mixed vaccines(rabies,canine distemper,parainfluenza,the infectious hepatitis and canine parvovirus viral enteritis),canine 5-mixed vaccines and normal saline.In order to detect the change of the IFN-γ content between the different groups,the blood was collected before injection and on the second day,the seventh day,the fifteen day and the twenty-one day after injection.The results showed that IFN-γ secretion level was significantly raised on the second day and maintained for 15 days,IFN-γ secretion level of canines in the group of glucoside peptide injection and the group of glucoside peptide injection combined with pentavalent vaccine was higher than canines in the group of canine 5-mixed vaccines(P0.05).This explained that glucoside peptide injection possessed the action of intensifying immunity.The results showed that glucoside peptide injection can induce IFN-γ so as to play its role of cell immunity enhancement.


hardship, adversity, and opportunity" (Desmet & Pohlmeyer, 2013, p. 16). The desirability of experiencing a full variety of different emotions, rather than just a few pleasant ones, is also a central idea in reversal theory. Environmental psychologists have started on the road to linking design elements and emotional response to them. Their solutions to date have come up short because they view humans too simplistically and do not acknowledge the full richness of possible emotional experience and "the changeability of human nature" (Apter, 2007 p. xii). Reversal theory comprehensively reflects human beings' dynamic affective experiences, as described in the sections that follow. The way that people change in their motivational states often arises from moving from one behavioral setting to another, for example from the office to the restaurant, the playground to the classroom. A complication is that a space can be used at different times and by different people as the context for varying activities. The same function room at a hotel can be used for the professional meeting or family birthday party. Design that directly acknowledges these variations in use and brings to bear features that will support these different states at different times increases the likelihood that object and space users will have affirming emotional experiences. Abstract Reversal theory recognizes the dynamic nature of the emotional experience of objects and spaces, and establishes a framework for design that can be used to enhance wellbeing. It also directly acknowledges the important effect that personal and social context has on motivations, affect and mental health. Reversal theory's focus on links between motivation and ensuing emotional states and behaviors, provides an important theoretical structure for the study of the individual's experience over time. The major tenets of reversal theory are discussed and their applicability by design practitioners reviewed. Ways that reversal theory can inform the design of architectural elements, for example, doors, and the development of interior design features, for example, via surface color selection, are discussed.


This paper examines the role of the media in articulating and sustaining the tension between romance, fantasy and reason as key dimensions of wedding consumption. Two types of media are analysed as evidence of the development of a popular wedding consumer culture in Britain. First, I cite examples of the coverage of celebrity and unconventional weddings in the popular presses to highlight the current media emphasis upon the wedding as a spectacular, within-reach consumer fantasy. I then provide a more sustained analysis of six British bridal magazines, part of the ideological output of the contemporary wedding industry, which do not exist in a vacuum from those other media sites transmitting wedding imagery. In doing so, I deconstruct the recently formed consumer identity of the 'superbride' to reveal two underpinning aspects of her personality: the rational 'project manager' existing alongside the emotional 'childish fantasiser'. This leads me later in this paper into a more general discussion about the roles of reason and emotion, rationality and romance in wedding consumption.


MESSER, DAVID J. The Integration of Mothers' Referential Speech with Joint Play. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 781-787. This investigation was conducted in order to study how mothers' speech to infants is related to other concurrent activities. The mothers and their infants (aged 11, 14, and 24 months) were observed in a joint play situation involving a number of toys. It was found that maternal reference to a toy coincided with the manipulation of that toy, and reference was particularly associated with actions which were likely to involve joint attention to a toy. These results indicate that nonverbal behavior can provide infants with information about the object to which their mothers' speech refers.


The results are presented on a comparative analysis of the spectral and threshold characteristics of diode microdisk lasers operating at room temperature in a spectral range of 1.2xx μm with different active regions: InGaAsN/GaAs quantum wells or InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. It was found that microlasers of a comparable size with quantum wells have higher lasing threshold compared to microlasers with quantum dots. At the same time, the latter are characterized by a noticeably smaller fraction of the radiated power with the laser modes. They are also characterized by a jump to excited-state optical transition lasing. The InGaAsN-based microdisk lasers lack these disadvantages.


Five-phase induction machine with a single-tooth winding is shown promise when compared with a conventional five-phase distributed winding in some applications such as high frequency induction motors and motors with long stators and limited diameters. Unlike a conventional five-phase with distributed winding, the effect of non-fundamental subspaces is a quite different in a single-tooth winding. In this paper, a five-phase induction machine with a single-tooth winding is investigated under open-phase conditions. Firstly, the MMF distribution of a conventional full-pitch concentrated winding and a single-tooth winding are compared to explore the effect of different subspaces. Then, the steady-state model using the symmetrical components theory is derived to compare the machine performance under healthy and open-phase conditions. A prototype five-phase machine with a single-tooth winding has been used to verify the derived mathematical model under different operational cases.


We develop a general convergence theory for the generalized minimal residual method for least squares problems preconditioned with inner iterations. The inner iterations are performed by stationary iterative methods. We also present theoretical justifications for using specific inner iterations such as the Jacobi and SOR-type methods. The theory is improved particularly in the rankdeficient case. We analyse the spectrum of the preconditioned coefficient matrix, and characterize it by the spectral radius of the iteration matrix for the inner iterations. The analysis is supported by numerical experiments.


Abstract : This volume is derived directly from the February 1997 request by the White House National Economic Council (NEC) to the National Research Council Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy (STEP) to examine the impact of offsets on the U.S. aerospace industry. Specifically, the NEC asked that STEP organize a major workshop to examine the pressures facing U.S. companies to grant offsets in the increasingly competitive global aerospace markets for both defense and commercial aircraft and related products. Although cognizant of the definitional and analytical challenges associated with this subject, the STEP Board accepted the NEC's request. In accepting this task, the STEP Board's principal concern was that, in the time frame required for this initial effort, the Board would not be able to work through the analytical difficulties and overcome the data limitations associated with offsets. Consequently, the Board agreed to organize a comprehensive workshop and prepare a summary report of the workshop that would not, however, include recommendations or findings. The workshop was held at the National Academy of Sciences on June 9, 1997 and the report, entitled Policy Issues in Aerospace Offsets, was published on June 30, 1997.


On 17 December 2021, Japan granted administrative approval to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (TSMC) to build a US$7 billion semiconductor chip-manufacturing foundry in Japan. The collaboration between the Sony Group and the world's No. 1 Taiwanese chipmaker is named Japan Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing, Inc. and will provide foundry service with 22/28-nanometre capability. This joint venture has taken off due to mutual commercial interest and support from the Japanese and Taiwanese authorities.


Regarding the complexity of the scouring of piles due to waves, existing models do not always provide acceptable results in predictions of scour hole properties. This study addresses two alternative approaches to estimate the wave-induced scour depth around vertical piles. To assess the performance of two data mining approaches: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines, data sets collected in the filed or laboratory were used. Controlling parameters of scouring such as Keulegan-Carpenter, pile Reynolds number, etc. were used as inputs and the amounts of scouring around each set of pile data were predicted as outputs of the models. Results of data mining approaches were compared by those of empirical approaches to assess the applicability of data mining models. Results indicate that data mining models provide better prediction than other models.


Chances are the quality of your drinking water was improved by filtration through porous media at some point before it reached your tap, perhaps naturally by transport through the subsurface, or purposefully by passage through an engineered sand filter.

Engineered filtration processes have been utilized for decades, and these processes are monitored to ensure the removal of a required degree of particles, e.g., colloids (biological and non-biological particles ranging between a few tens of nanometers to ten microns), from water. Filtration is manifest in both natural and engineered contexts, e.g., by the relatively high quality of spring water, and by the difficulty of targeting the delivery of microbes, zero-valent iron, and other colloids with novel properties to contaminated locales in the subsurface for the purpose of remediation.


The balanced scorecard is a strategy implemented by the company in improving the overall performance of the company, which is not only seen from a financial perspective but also non-financial ones such as; customer perspective, internal business process perspective and learning and growth perspective. This study uses primary data in the form of a questionnaire and it is divided into two parts, namely before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the balanced scorecard, in this case the four perspectives, had an effect on financial performance before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic at PT. Based on the results of research conducted, it can be seen that during the pandemic, the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard method, which are financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and growth and learning perspective, have a significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, only financial perspective and growth and learning perspective have a significant effect on financial performance. However, the customer perspective and the internal business process perspective have no effect on financial performance.


The working hypothesis serving as basis for this study is that pulping to a higher kappa number will produce a higher yield pulp, and then treating that pulp with a surface reactive lignin peroxidase to ablate surface lignin will increase specific bonding area. In the present case, the working hypothesis was modified so that soybean peroxidase (SBP) works like lignin peroxidase to modify surface lignin on high-kappa, high-yield softwood pulps to facilitate enhanced fiber-to-fiber bonding such that the resulting paper strength is similar to the lower kappa soft-wood pulp generally used to make linerboard.
Soybean peroxidase is actually a plant peroxidase that exhibits lignin peroxidase-like activity. It is not a lignin peroxidase derived from white rot fungus. The current work did show a significant improvement in pulp yield (62.2% vs. 55.2% yield for a 103-kappa control linerboard grade sheet), while treatment with SBP showed that tensile, burst, and STFI properties of the pulp were improved, although more convincing data needs to be obtained.


Laser energy transmission through enamel and dentin may effect pulpal safety. In this research, energy transmission was measured by placing enamel and dentin samples directly on an optical detector (both specular and diffuse transmission). Recently-extracted non-carious third molars were cut at thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 (+/- 0.25) mm. Laser exposure was effected using a pulsed contact-delivered infrared Nd:YAG laser with 320 micrometers fiberoptic probe, moved continuously across the surface for 30 seconds per measurement. Transmitted energy was measured following every 50 pulses; three replications were performed per treatment condition. Power was applied on enamel and dentin at 8 parameters: 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 W with frequency of 10 Hz and at 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 W with frequency of 20 Hz (total measurements n equals 864). Multifactor ANOVA confirmed that transmission through enamel was greater than through dentin. Energy transmission increased with both power and frequency. In enamel, transmission decreased as thickness increased. The most significant determinant of energy transmission was the incident surface energy per pulse. Means for samples 0.5 mm thick, at 1 W, 10 Hz: in enamel, 53% of the laser energy was transmitted through the sample, compared with 14% through dentin. For samples 2.0 mm thick: in enamel, 38% of the laser energy was transmitted compared with 17% in dentin.


For the purpose of achieving more wide application of transient electromagnet method in tunnel geological exploration,a transient electromagnetic transmitting coil model is studied in this paper.The paper begins with the analysis of the theory of transient electromagnetic method.The finite element model of the transmitter coil is established with HFSS finite element simulation.Furthermore,an analysis of magnetic field distribution within certain space is made.Numerical simulation of the transmitting coil is also carried out with Matlab.Finally,the simulation result of HFSS is consistent with that of Matlab.The paper provides a theoretical basis of the practical analysis of the launch part in transient electromagnetic method,which contributes to the structure design and optimization of the transient electromagnetic launchers.


The Directivity Index (DI) of an array of identical hydrophones is expressed as the algebraic sum of three terms. One term is the array DI, to be calculated using the hydrophone directional response. The second term is a basic hydrophone gain, independent of array steering, and the third term allows for the hydrophone response in the direction of array steering. Using the covariance approach, the key to calculation of the array DI is knowledge of the correlation between the noises in two array elements, including hydrophone response. This correlation function is derived for an isotropic noise field, for narrowband and wideband cases. Computations using a modeled hydrophone response are shown for selected eases of array steering and shading, as a function of frequency for rectangular arrays. The results indicate a net DI approximately 3dB more than for an omnidirectional hydrophone, as if an infinite, ideal baffle were used behind the array.


Tokamak plasma disruptions present a significant challenge to ITER as they can result in intense heat flux, large forces from halo and eddy currents, and potential first-wall damage from the generation of multi-MeV runaway electrons. Massive gas injection (MGI) of high Z material using fast acting valves is being explored on existing tokamaks and is planned for ITER as a method to evenly distribute the thermal load of the plasma to prevent melting, control the rate of the current decay to minimize mechanical loads, and to suppress the generation of runaway electrons. A fast acting valve and accompanying power supply have been designed and first test articles produced to meet the requirements for a disruption mitigation system on ITER. The test valve incorporates a flyer plate actuator similar to designs deployed on TEXTOR, ASDEX upgrade, and JET [1-3] of a size useful for ITER with special considerations to mitigate the high mechanical forces developed during actuation due to high background magnetic fields. The valve includes a tip design and all-metal valve stem sealing for compatibility with tritium and high neutron and gamma fluxes.


Unpredictable and excessive loads, for example caused by aerodynamic interaction between different turbines, can accelerate fatigue damage in wind turbine blades (Ghosal et. al (2000)). Fatigue damage can also initiate in the early service life of a wind turbine blade in regions of stress concentration, such as those caused by ply drops (Cairns et al. (1999)). Due to these issues, the design philosophy is based on conservative analysis methods and inspections at certain time intervals are required to assess the damage in the wind blades. An alternative approach is to use damage tolerant materials and a structural health monitoring system (McGugan et al. (2015)). In this approach, a distribution of damage types within the blades is accepted as long as they can be detected by structural health monitoring techniques and their severity evaluated by material damage models. The present work aims to demonstrate this design philosophy at the laboratory level. A test specimen, which includes ply drops at different distances from each other, is tested under static and fatigue loads. The aim is to investigate if cracks starting from these locations are of polymer composite in the section "Composites and Materials Mechanics" at DTU Wind Energy. Main working area: Manufacturing of composite materials.


Introduction: Little information is present regarding health impact of copper and zinc exposure among metal die casting workers in Egyptian foundries. Aim of work: 1-To measure blood levels of zinc and copper among the studied groups, 2- To measure the prevalence of respiratory hazards among exposed workers and their impact, 3-To identify other health problems due to copper and zinc exposure such as anemia and respiratory disorders, and lastly 4- To correlate such problems with blood levels of zinc and copper. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 male workers, 30 of them were the exposed group involved in processes like melting. The other 30 were chosen from the administrative departments in the same foundry as the reference group. All workers were interviewed using questionnaire for occupational history, respiratory and other symptoms. Blood samples were taken to measure serum copper and zinc, hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cells counts (WBCs). Ventilatory functions were assessed too. Results: The study showed no significant difference in the blood levels of zinc and copper among the studied groups. However, symptoms related to copper and zinc toxicity were significantly more prevalent among the exposed group, like respiratory symptoms, symptoms regarding skin, throat and eye irritation, metallic taste in the mouth and exhaustion. Symptoms suggestive of metal fume fever including flue like symptoms, arthralgia, fever, and leukocytosis were more prevalent among the exposed workers, but without significant difference. There was no significant correlation between copper and zinc blood levels and other findings such as; Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire scores, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate scores, mean Hb, and WBCs level. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in blood levels of zinc and copper among the studied groups, exposed workers were complaining of different symptoms, one of which was respiratory symptoms that had a significant impact on their social and psychological functioning.


In this work we present the simulation results concerning the possibility to estimate the tropospheric water vapor content along the propagation path between two satellites counter-rotating on two different LEO orbits. The estimation method is based on the measurement of a parameter referring to the differential spectral absorption at 17.25 GHz along the propagation link between the two satellites. The choice of that frequency allows to estimate the water vapor in the lowest troposphere, namely when the propagation path crosses the troposphere at tangent altitudes up to 6 km above the Earth's surface. Effects of different latitudes and atmospheric bending have been accounted for and are presented and discussed.


Protease inhibitors play important roles in the insect immunity. Here, we isolated a fungal protease inhibitor gene from Antheraea pernyi(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) for the first time. The gene was named ApCP8. ApCP8 contains 318 nucleotides with a putative open reading frame(ORF) encoding 106 amino acid residues(with a signal peptide of 19 amino acid residues). The isoelectric point(p I) and predicted molecular weight of ApCP8 protein were 9.05 and 11.3 k Da, respectively. Amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis among A. pernyi and other insects represented that these fungal protease inhibitors had a high homology, and ApCP8 existed in one evolutionary branching with Antheraea mylitta's. RT-qPCR results showed that ApCP8 displayed the highest expression level in the fat body. In addition, ApCP8 can be upregulated by Beauveria bassiana in 0.5 h after injection, which indicated that it may be involved in the antifungal immune response of Antheraea pernyi. Meanwhile, the recombinant protein of As-ApCP8 was expressed successfully by pET-32a(+) vector, and the antiApCP8 antibody against rabbit was prepared. This research will provide a preliminary basis for further antifungal immune function exploration of ApCP8.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in capital cooperative relationship to the rest of the results of cooperative eorts at the University of Indonesia's Rectorate Cooperative. The variables studied were the independent variables is the capital of cooperatives, while the rest of the dependent variable is the result of cooperative eorts. The method used by the authors is associative method that aims to determine the relationship and in uence the relationship between two variables. The data used are secondary data are nancial statements of the University of Indonesia's rector Cooperative ocials during the period 2006 to 2010. From the results of data processing with SPSS version 17 for windows, obtained the following conclusion: capital of cooperatives have a signi cant relationship to the SHU. And the magnitude of the in uence of changes in capital cooperative relationship to SHU for 45.9


The activities of the enzymes nitrate reductase (EC 22.214.171.124) and nitrite reductase (EC 184.108.40.206) were measured in the leaves and roots of whole plants of Catharanthus roseus grown in different nitrogen sources: water (control), 20 mM KNO3, 2 mM NH4Cl, and a mixture of nitrate and ammonium. The activities of these enzymes were also measured in leaf explants incubated in the same nitrogen sources. The results indicate that nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in leaves behaved very differently from those in roots. Activity of leaf nitrate reductase measured in vitro decreased with nitrate and increased with ammonium, while in the root, it only decreased when the mixture of both nitrogen sources was employed. In contrast, nitrite reductase from roots was modified by the nitrogen source while the enzyme from the leaves was not. The amino acid pool was increased by all of the nitrogen sources in both whole plants and explants.


The paper discusses this question of the economic development path of underdeveloped regions.According to the theoretical analysis and simulation,some viewpoints have been proposed: The industrial structure is changing for the export-oriented coordination,not only internal;and the trends of globalization of industrial chain are becoming more and more important.It drives competition between all countries in the international market transforming division of labor among industries into the vertical mode of industrial chain and networks mode of industrial level.Consequently,the deepening economy and the widening economy is becoming very important path to speed up the development of economy in underdeveloped regions.


The spin correlation parameter Cnn has been measured in elastic pp scattering at 610 MeV at CM angles of 40, 67, 78, 90°. A polarized proton beam (PmaxB=0.38±0.02) and a ''frozen'' polarize proton target (PmaxT=0.97±0.04) have been used in the experiment.


The institutional grammar introduced here is based on a view that institutions are enduring regularities of human action in situations structured by rules, norms, and shared strategies, as well as by the physical world. The rules, norms, and shared strategies are constituted and reconstituted by human interaction in frequently occurring or repetitive situations. The syntax of the grammar identifies components of institutions and sorts them into three types of institutional statements: rules, norms, and shared strategies. We introduce the grammar, outline methods for operationalizing the syntax, apply the syntax to an analysis of cooperation in collective dilemma situations, and discuss the pragmatics of the grammar for analyses of behavior within complex institutional settings.


Intellectual property rights management mode can,according to the management concepts,be divided into attack mode and defense mode.The pure defense management mode takes the intellectual property rights protection as its important contents and management goals,whereas the pure attack management mode takes the creation and confirmation of intellectual property rights as its important management contents and aims.The ideal enterprise intellectual property rights management mode should,therefore,combine the two modes together,to realize the creation,application and protection of enterprise intellectual property rights.Our enterprises should consciously and completely internalize the intellectual property rights legal system,and examine and rebuild the current intellectual property rights management mode,to establish a future-gearing and attack-defense-combined intellectual property rights management mode,which can continually improve the intellectual property rights ability.


This research was for examining the impact of the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Donggala and Palu that occurred on September 28, 2018, against sectoral stock returns. The examined sectors consumer goods sector, finance sector, property, real estate and building construction sector, and trade sector. The observation period used in this study for 100 exchange days consisted of 50 days before the disaster, 1 day during the disaster, and 49 days after the disaster. Samples were taken from 20 July 2019 to 6 December 2019. The research used several research windows, namely the day of the disaster, 2 days of the disaster, 3 days of the disaster, 6 days of the disaster, 10 days of the disaster, and 14 days of the disaster. Variable control is the Kurs and IHSG return. The research method uses multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that the facts that occurred in Donggala and Palu did not affect the sectors discussed.


The Business Meeting for Commission 25 was held on the 6th of August 2009. The meeting was chaired by Dr Eugene Milone, Vice President for the 2006-2009 triennium, and incoming President for the 2009-2011 triennium. Dr Milone presented an apology from the President of the Commission, Dr Peter Martinez, who was unable to attend the meeting.


Agent technology is playing an important role in the field of software engineering, especially in the complicated,distributed,dynamic and large-scal e software system. In this paper,a common model for the construction of distribu ted-system is suggested.This will reduce the complexity of the development and m aintenance of the distributed-system.


Spontaneous regression of histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare. We present the case of a 66-year-old male with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx which regressed spontaneously without any treatment. The patient is alive and healthy 3 years after the diagnosis. The exact mechanisms of spontaneous regression remain elusive although spontaneous regression is not the natural course of squamous cell carcinoma and the disease may recur in time and space.


The use of mobile devices (smartphones and tablets) and apps is widespread in the general population. The use of these devices allows on-the-go access to information ranging from internet, apps and email like never before. The use of this technology as part of patient care is common among junior medical staff in the UK. In healthcare the use of mobile devices and medical apps has been shown to be a positive development in improving patient care. This revolution started with the release of Apple's iPhone in 2007 signalling the birth of the smartphone. The next pivotal step was the launch of the Apple Appstore in 2008. This allowed users to download specific software applications "apps" from an online shop and other companies soon followed with their own offerings. Currently little is known how this advance in technology is applied to emergency care. The aim of this work was to investigate the current role of mobile device and medical apps in emergency care in English and German speaking countries in Europe and to provide an overview of how departments and individual clinicians engage with this technology as part of their daily work.


Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd vom nutzen und nachteil der historie fur das leben will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this vom nutzen und nachteil der historie fur das leben, what you will obtain is something great.


Updating model parameters are required in order to simulate the actual behavior of the dynamic structure. A new strategy, mean-iterative neural networks (MINNs) has been proposed in this paper for model parameter updating of a steel box girder bridge. With new strategy for structural dynamic model updating, it offers many advantages such as potential savings of computational effort, more consistent in reaching convergence. The dynamic response obtained from the experimental test on a two span continuous bridge is used as the target for model updating. And the presented algorithm is applied to update the model parameters. These results show a good possible of using MINNs in practice for dynamic model updating. keywords : MINNs, neural networks, model updating, stell box girder bridge.


I am driving down the highway when the sign appears: "Museum Row Next Exit." The exit itself further informs me that museum row is on the "miracle mile," suggesting the combined forces of cultural heritage, urban renewal, and tourism. And so I arrive at the museum for a panel discussion that I had a nominal role in putting together, which is to say, my name is well-placed in the program but the event itself is in no way an expression of my own intentions, whether as a scholar or as a curator. Such things happen quite often on museum row. But rather than indict the museum for not honor


An experiment in NaCl solution culture was conducted to observe the mechanism of salinity tolerance in selected three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, [BWIR7 (Mexico), Gutha (Australian) and KRL19 (Indian)] differing in salinity tolerance. Fifteen days old seedlings of each cultivar grown in half strength Hoagland nutrient solution were subjected to incremental salt stress until the required salinity levels (0, 180-mol m-3) were obtained. Dry matter yield (DMY) at 30 days, indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and total free amino acid (AA) contents of leaves/root at 29 days and dehydrogenase activity of roots at 34 days were determined after initiation of the salinity stress. Shoot and root weight (DMY), dehydrogenase of root and IAA contents both in leaves and root of all the cultivars decreased whereas, ABA and AA contents increased. At saline treatment, cultivar, KRL19 produced maximum shoot DMY and BWIR7 minimum. Whereas, in case of roots Gutha produced maximum and KRL 19 minimum DMY. Dehydrogenase activity of root BWIR7 was more affected followed by Gutha and KRL19. The extent of decrease of IAA content in leaves and roots of Gutha was more pronounced than the other cultivars. Increase in ABA contents of shoots and roots were more in KRL 19 followed by BWIR7 and Gutha respectively. The extent of increase of AA contents was more in the leaves of KRL 19. From this study, it was concluded that cultivar KRL 19 has the salinity inclusion and Gutha salinity exclusion mechanism. The salinity tolerance cultivars were in order of KRL 19 > Gutha> BWIR7


Nb-Si films were deposited on Nb.84Si.16, Ti3Au and W3Re films with an A15 structure by sputtering. The films with double layers were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy. Phase analyses of the sputtered Nb-Si films were carried out by X-ray diffraction studies. The A15 Nb.78Si.22 and Nb.75Si.25 films were grown epitaxially on Nb.84Si.16 and W3Re substrate films. The superconducting transition temperatures of these epitaxial films were found to range between 5 and 9 K.


Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While ablation, resection and orthotopic liver transplantation are indicated at an early stage of the disease, Sorafenib (Sfb) is the current most administrated first-line treatment for advanced HCC, even though its therapeutic benefit is limited due to the appearance of resistance. Deep knowledge on the molecular consequences of Sfb-treatment is essentially required for optimizing novel therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced HCC. In this study, we analyzed differential gene expression changes in two well characterized liver cancer cell lines upon a Sfb-treatment, demonstrating that both lines responded similarly to the treatment. Our results provide valuable information on the molecular action of Sfb on diverse cellular fundamental processes such as DNA repair, translation and proteostasis and identify rationalization issues that could provide a different therapeutic perspective to Sfb. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and essentially incurable cancers in its advanced stages. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib (Sfb) remains the globally accepted treatment for advanced HCC. However, the extent of its therapeutic benefit is limited. Sfb exerts antitumor activity through its cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic roles in HCC cells. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, we used RNA sequencing to generate comprehensive transcriptome profiles of HepG2 and SNU423, hepatoblastoma- (HB) and HCC-derived cell lines, respectively, following a Sfb treatment at a pharmacological dose. This resulted in similar alterations of gene expression in both cell lines. Genes functionally related to membrane trafficking, stress-responsible and unfolded protein responses, circadian clock and activation of apoptosis were predominantly upregulated, while genes involved in cell growth and cycle, DNA replication and repair, ribosome biogenesis, translation initiation and proteostasis were downregulated. Our results suggest that Sfb causes primary effects on cellular stress that lead to upregulation of selective responses to compensate for its negative effect and restore homeostasis. No significant differences were found specifically affecting each cell line, indicating the robustness of the Sfb mechanism of action despite the heterogeneity of liver cancer. We discuss our results on terms of providing rationalization for possible strategies to improve Sfb clinical outcomes.


Theoretical constraints on the K-band period–luminosity (PLK) relation of RR Lyrae stars are presented, based on updated non-linear convective pulsation models that are computed for several values of stellar mass, luminosity and metallicity. We show that for each given metal content the predicted PLK is marginally dependent on uncertainties of the stellar mass and/or luminosity. Then, by considering the RR Lyrae masses suggested by evolutionary computations for the various metallicities, we state that the predicted infrared magnitude MK over the range 0.0001<Z<0.02 is given by the relation MK=0.568−2.071 log P+0.087 log Z−0.778 log L/L⊙, with a rms scatter σK=0.032 mag. Therefore, by allowing the luminosities of RR Lyrae stars to vary within the range covered by current evolutionary predictions for metal-deficient (0.0001<Z<0.006) horizontal branch models, we eventually find that the infrared period–luminosity–metallicity (PLZK) relation is MK=0.139−2.071(log P+0.30)+0.167 log Z, with a total intrinsic dispersion of σK=0.037 mag. As a consequence, the use of such a PLZK relation should constrain the infrared distance modulus of field and cluster RR Lyrae variables within ±0.04 mag, provided that accurate observations and reliable estimates of the metal content are available. Moreover, we show that the combination of K and V measurements can supply independent information on the average luminosity of RR Lyrae stars, thus yielding tight constraints on the input physics of stellar evolution computations. Finally, for globular clusters with a sizable sample of first overtone (RRc) variables, the reddening can be estimated by using the PLZK relation together with the predicted MV–log P relation at the blue edge of the instability strip (Caputo et al. 2000).


In this epidemiological, descriptive/observational and cross-sectional study, a survey was carried out in a private higher education institution in the southern region of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The sample was consisted of 178 students of both sexes who attend Dentistry and the aim of this study was to evaluate through a questionnaire to mental health status (depression and anxiety disorders), demographic analysis, and use of anxiolytics and antidepressants drugs


Historical records and interpretations are imperfect and open to the possibility of amending. Through literary analysis, I propose a dialogue between the first and second waves of the feminist movement – in what regards the (re) presentation and voice of different sorts of women (i.e. occupying spaces of diverging subalternity statuses). Hence the specific context of this study: Brontë's novel Jane Eyre (1847) and Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), focusing specifically on how the character Bertha/Antoinette is given (or not) voice to speak, and wherefrom.


The topic of welfare sector development in Belarus is nowadays of huge interest since by means of welfare development level it is possible to judge the level and the country's economic system and the quality of public sector services as well. In recent years, especially in time of recession, the welfare sector positions in Belarus have been considerably weakened. And this is partly explained by the aspiration to keep the old Soviet designs in the welfare system construction. At the same time, when national and subnational budgets are being planned, the governments try to hold with great difficulty the budgetary indicators of welfare sphere at the level of last years. Such attempts, however, lead to the saving of budgetary funds only and they influence the deterioration of the welfare quality. The present paper pursues the aim to show: (i) what tendencies of social budgetary policy can be observed in the time of economic recession (ii), how consistent was the welfare orientation of the central and local budgets in practice and (iii) what prospect ways for welfare sector improvement are there in Belarus. This paper considers the Belarusian welfare branches in national budget and subnational ones, their structure, dynamics and other important indicators. The comparative analysis of welfare sector branches with other European countries is submitted. The paper opens with the inconsistent policy of the Belarusian authorities in the sphere of welfare branches funding. Prospect issues of welfare sphere finance reformation in Belarus in time of an economic crisis are considered.


A system for the transmission of binaural wideband speech signals over
a standard telephone network is proposed. It is backwards compatible with the
(single channel and narrowband) 3GPP Adaptive Multirate (AMR) codec. The
required information about the source location and for audio bandwidth extension is
transmitted over a steganographic communication channel that is embedded within
the bitstream of the AMR codec. A legacy receiver can still decode the single
channel narrowband signal without noticeable quality loss.


An apparatus for providing management of measurement and / or failure reporting means may comprise a memory that the processor and the storage means executable computer code for performing at least operation, the operations comprising: in response to a cell from a source to a target cell decision means receiving switching instruction to switch a target cell identification command message from the source cell. At least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to, with the processor, cause the apparatus to generate at least one implementation provides reports to the target cell. Providing at least one generated report to the target cell at least in part on data associated with the analysis and identification of the target cell. Also provides a method and a corresponding computer program product.


Today's Science have done lot things easy, they produce human robot but can't cure low back pain by a click. That is why in dynamic life, threatening of lower back pain increasing day by day. It crosses the limit to different age, sex, occupation and habits. Now it is time think about it. We aim to draw attention on epidemiology of low back pain in globally and India. Systematic review was adopted as design of the study. We adopted scientific electronic databases; PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Google Advance Search, Psyc INFO, ROAJ, DOAJR, Cochrane Database, ISI Web of Knowledge, Web of Science and critically analysed the entire relevant article according to the nature of this study. On basis of the information, we found that wideness of low back pain is unequal percentage throughout the globe due to factors like socio-economic conditions, nature of activity, habits etc. In India near about 8% peoples years lived with disability (YLD) due to low back problem and 4.6% peoples Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in musculoskeletal disorder in India. Rate of change DALYs in respect of low back pain has been 1.2% to 2.3% between years 1990 to 2016.More multidimensional and number studies will require further investigate for accurate epidemiological structure of low back pain in world and India.


Abstract : The Canadian Forces Warfare Centre (CFWC) uses state-of-the-art joint battle labs (JBLs) to test the integration of command and control (C2) systems from all of the Canadian Armed Forces services, as well as the integration of international and experimental C2 systems. Typically, this is done through large-scale distributed warfighting experimentation involving several geographically dispersed and networked JBLs. One such series of experiments is the Coalition Attack Guidance Experiment (CAGE). The third event in this series (CAGE 3A) was a multi-national human-in-the-loop experiment (including Australian, British, and Canadian operators) to investigate the use of specific tool suites in the planning and coordination of cross-boundary, joint and combined fires. Participants in the experiment played their corresponding operational roles in the interconnected command posts, and the performance of the people, processes, and tools was observed.


The PhD-thesis deals with some qualitative properties of the solution of the twodimensional Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations with mixed boundary conditions in a bounded domain. This domain corresponds to a channel filled with an incompressible fluid. We prescribe homogeneous Dirichlet or Navier's boundary conditions on boundaries corresponding to the channel walls and do-nothing boundary conditions on the channel input and output. Regularity of solutions of the Stokes equations is proved in this thesis. In the next section we prove the local in time existence of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations. In the last part we deal with the system of the Navier-Stokes equations and the heat equation and we prove the local in time existence of solutions of this system.


THIS book constitutes Volume 13 of the British Shipping Laws series, of which Sir Bushby Hewson is general editor and Mr. R. Colinvaux and Mr. K. C. McGuffie are editors. The principal author of this book, Mr. Nagendra Singh, is a distinguished jurist who, among many other achievements, has been Visiting Professor of International Law and Maritime Law at many Indian universities, and President of the IMCO Assembly (1963-65), and is also a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Law Commission and the Bureau Permanent du Comite' Maritime International. Books on such subjects as collision, general average and carriage by sea are familiar, but this one follows a rather unusual course which is worth explaining. It begins with the ownership and acquisition of tonnage (including the role of shipbrokers and the Baltic Exchange), proceeds to an examination of the English contract of sale as it relates to ships, and then considers the operation of shipping (conference system, tramp shipping, independent liner operators, coastal shipping). Next it deals with organisations concerned with shipping, both governmental (e.g., IMCO) and non-governmental. The latter are too numerous to mention in detail here, but the various Chambers of Shipping, the Comite Maritime International, and Lloyd's and the other classification societies, are all discussed at some length. The book then proceeds to examine marine insurance not so much with a view to elucidating its detailed rules—these are sufficiently elaborated in many leading textbooks— but rather for the purpose of presenting a general picture. Thus the role of Lloyd's, the Protection and Indemnity Clubs, the insurance companies and the Export Credits Guarantee Department of the Board of Trade are all explained. The work then goes on to deal with the organisation of ports in the United Kingdom; the role of forwarding agents, brokers and ship's agents; settlement of disputes through the Commercial Court or arbitration; and the technique of average adjustment. Finally there is a chapter on flag discrimination and the relevant international law. The book therefore fulfils admirably its purpose which, as set out by Mr. Colinvaux in the Preface, is " to fill in any gaps that are not filled in other volumes of British Shipping Laws." Many of the chapters are contributed by experts with highly specialist knowledge. The editors and authors are to be congratulated upon the production of an original and extremely valuable work.


© 2014 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1742 Journal Compilation © 2014 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune blisterimng disease, which presents Stevens-Johnson syndrome-like mucocutaneous lesions and graft-versus-host disease-like histopathological findings and is associated most commonly with lymphoproliferative neoplasms (1–3). Various plakin family proteins are the major autoantigens, by which the diagnosis of PNP can be made with a high sensitivity and specificity (4). However, PNP cases without detectable malignancy have also been reported (5–7). In addition, PNP is now known to show distinct features from classical pemphigus, including nonacantholytic histological changes (3), pathogenic role of cellular immunity (8) and involvement of extracutaneous organs (7, 9, 10). Particularly, PNP-related bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is always lethal (7, 10). We present a patient with clinically and immunologically typical PNP, who showed several unique findings and distinct efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) therapy.


Characterization of phantom material based on its electrical properties across 1 to 6 GHz is investigated and presented in purpose for modelling of a human head phantom. This article presents five phantom samples mimicking main head tissues, which are the tissue of grey matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), blood and skin. The preparation of phantom samples is performed by using common and cheap materials, which are jelly powder, gelatine, water and sugar. The characteristics of materials used are discussed on the composition ratios and electrical properties. The electrical properties of materials are measured using a special dielectric coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). The obtained data is analysed in terms of relative permittivity,  and conductivity,  for the observation and further discussion on the characterizations. This phantom of the human head tissues later can be applied in the microwave imaging system for a further study on the health monitoring of the human body.


We present a non-invasive, non-destructive automatable image-based methodology for classifying human embryonic stem cell (hESC) colonies. In contrast to differentiated colonies, pluripotent colonies contain homogeneous tight textures, thus allowing a statistical analysis of the coefficients obtained from a wavelet based texture decomposition to discriminate between the colonies. Similarly, borders of undifferentiated cell colonies are sharp, and circular, while those of differentiated colonies are not. We confine our description in this paper to texture analysis, which relies on a parametric and non-parametric hierarchical statistical classification. Parametric classification relies on probability models for texture wavelet coefficients, while non-parametric classification makes use of support vector machines. Preliminary implementation using a truth set yielded a 96% rate of successful colony classification between distant classes, while for intermediate classes of colonies, with mixed population, the success rate was at least 86%. The texture analysis was also validated using individual egg cell images


The present paper reports results from a sensitivity study on the ability of two different numerical circulation models (ROMS and FESOM) in reproducing comparable eddy dynamic properties in terms of generation sites and propagation pathway in Fram Strait, a region characterized by a complex bathymetric configuration. Main difference between these model lies on their numerics and formulations, which includes numerical grid discretization, horizontal and vertical mesh resolution, parameterizations, and coverage (i.e. global vs. regional models).


In order to solve the problem of labor cost and production efficiency of a production line, a truss manipulator and a 3D camera are used to design a set of friction block workpiece identification, positioning and grabbing system. Use PLC, touch screen and servo system to build a four-axis truss manipulator; collect images through 3D cameras, and use machine vision software in the industrial computer for image preprocessing, template matching and coordinate calculation; industrial computer and PLC use Modbus-TCP communication mode, The robot coordinate signal and the handshake signal are transmitted and interacted, so as to realize the positioning and grasping of the same disordered workpiece. The test results show that the system can accurately locate the workpiece, the positioning accuracy can meet the grasping requirements of the truss manipulator, and the system can meet the actual production needs of the enterprise.


Abstract. Lensless inline digital holographic microscopy (LI-DHM) and Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) are two widespread quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques. They have been employed in various fields, especially for biological slice imaging because of their simplicity in use, stability in structure, and also large field of view. Spherical phase response (for example from HeLa cells) is commonly observed in biological imagery. As a consequence, for calibration and validation purposes, small (several to tenth of microns in diameter) transparent microbeads have been used as standards. Phase imaging of their large counterparts (hundreds of microns in diameter) using either LI-DHM or FPM has not been reported so far. We are aiming to analyze the phase response of a 146-μm soda-lime microsphere. It has been immersed in Canada balsam to reduce phase difference and to avoid overexposed diffraction rings. The phase estimation issue has been tackled using approaches that involve either Gerchberg–Saxton type algorithms or an inverse problem-based procedure. Confronting the results confirms the QPI capability for both imaging techniques to assess phase responses from such a large transparent object.


In reinforced concrete industrial precast structures one of the most common seismic 4 damage is the collapse of the cladding panels because of the failure of the panel-to-structure 5 connections. This damage is caused by the interaction between the panels and the structures, which 6 is usually neglected in the design approach. The present study aims at investigating this interaction. 7 Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on several structural models in order to take into 8 account both the panel-to-structure interaction and the roof diaphragm. According to the analyses 9 results, if the current European single-story precast buildings stock is considered, panels stiffness 10 significantly influences the overall structural behavior under seismic actions and the failure of the 11 connections occurs at very low intensity values. The progressive collapse of the panels is also 12 simulated in order to evaluate the redistribution of seismic demand in the columns during the 13 earthquake. In the final part, fragility curves are evaluated in order to generalize the dynamic 14 analyses results. 15 Author keywords: precast structures, cladding panels, seismic response, dynamic analyses, 16 incremental dynamic analysis, fragility curves 17 Introduction 18 Connection systems are the crucial points in the seismic performance of precast reinforced concrete 19 (RC) structures. During recent earthquakes in Europe (Belleri et al., 2015, Belleri et al., 2014, 20 Magliulo et al., 2014), several existing precast structures showed severe damage at the connections. 21 One of the most common damage was the failure of the external cladding panels; it caused many 22 injuries and casualties as well as significant economic losses due to the interruption of the 23 industrial/commercial activities. The panels failure was caused by the connections fracture and it 24 can be explained by the design approach. Indeed, the cladding panels are commonly considered as 25 1 Senior Lecturer, University of Greenwich, Email: email@example.com 2 Assistant professor, University of Naples Federico II (corresponding author), E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Full professor, University of Naples Federico II, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com nonstructural elements and the interaction with the structure under seismic loads is neglected. 26 According to Eurocode 8 (CEN, 2005), the panel-to structure connections are dimensioned only for 27 forces in the out-of-plane direction of the panels. These forces are both seismic actions deriving 28 from the panel self-weight and wind actions. However, under dynamic actions the panel-to-structure 29 interaction can occur and the connections could fail since they are carrying forces that were not 30 considered during the design phase, e.g. in-plane actions. 31 In the last decades several research studies were developed on the panel-to-structure interaction 32 under seismic loads. In these works the effect of the panels was investigated in order to evaluate 33 both the dynamic properties (e.g., frequencies and damping ratios) and the structural seismic 34 performance (e.g., drift ratios, displacement demand). However, most of these research studies 35 concerned some typical U.S. buildings, i.e. steel high-rise buildings, as extensively reported in Hunt 36 and Stojadinovic (2010). In the last years the scientific community recognized the need of a 37 systematic study on the structure-cladding panel interaction in RC precast buildings, typically 38 implemented in Europe for industrial and commercial activities. Recently, an European research 39 project was conducted on this topic: the SAFECLADDING project, aimed at studying the effect of 40 cladding panels on precast industrial buildings. In the framework of this project, a first study was 41 developed by Biondini et al. (2013); in this work the authors investigated the effect of vertical 42 panels by assuming the interaction at the level of the panel-to-panel connections. Since the 43 numerical forces in the connections were too high if the interaction between the panels was 44 considered, the authors proved the efficiency of an innovative dissipative connection between 45 vertical panels. In the framework of the same project, experimental campaigns were performed on 46 some typical panel-to-structure connection systems, in order to assess their seismic performance, 47 e.g. failure modes, strength and deformability (Zoubek et al., 2016). The experimental results were 48 used in order to perform a systematic seismic fragility study, described in Babič and Dolšek (2014). 49 In this research work, the authors performed 3D nonlinear analyses on several precast structures and 50 they defined the fragility curves for twelve industrial precast building classes. These classes were 51 defined by varying the type of non-structural components (vertical panels, horizontal panels and 52 masonry infills), the geometrical configuration, the design approaches and the panel-to-structure 53 connection systems. According to the outcomes of this study, the authors concluded that the effect 54 of non-structural components should be taken into account in both the design and the seismic 55 assessment of such buildings since the overall safety of the structures decreases if these components 56 are considered in the models. In this study the connection models are assumed from the 57 correspondent tested connections and the roof is modeled as flexible in its own plane. Despite the 58 noteworthy effort in the last years, other investigations are necessary in order to delineate more 59 general conclusions on the panel influence for precast structures as well as on the design of precast 60 structures with cladding panels. Indeed, during the design phase some simplified assumptions are 61 generally necessary (e.g., flexible or rigid roof hypotheses without modeling the roof elements in 62 the structural models). If the cladding panels have to be considered in the structural analysis, a 63 detailed model of the connections is required (e.g., based on experimental results), which should be 64 generalized by extensive experimental campaigns and/or numerical studies. At this aim, Magliulo et 65 al. (2015) proposed a simplified model of precast structure with cladding panels. In this model the 66 panel-to-structure interaction is assumed at the beam-to-panel connections (vertical panels), the 67 nonstructural elements are considered as elastic elements and the connections are fixed constraints 68 between the structure and the panel. By performing an extensive parametric study, the authors 69 evaluated the first periods of single-story precast buildings by means of linear modal analyses in 70 two limit cases: negligible panels effect (bare structures) and not-negligible panels effect (structures 71 with panels). In this last case, a significant effect of the panels on the structural dynamic behavior 72 was demonstrated and the simplified period formula of Eurocode 8 was compared with the analysis 73 results in order to verify its capability. 74 The presented study investigates the cladding panel effect on the nonlinear seismic response of a 75 reference precast industrial building. The adopted case-study is a new building, designed according 76 to Eurocodes. The seismic assessment of the structure is performed by means on nonlinear dynamic 77 analyses in OpenSees (McKenna and Fenves, 2013) program. Several structural models are 78 considered by varying the assumptions on both the roof stiffness and the occurrence of panel-to79 structure interaction. The results of models with the cladding panels demonstrate the significant 80 effect of the panels on the seismic behavior of these buildings; moreover, they justify the typical 81 connection failure under dynamic actions. In order to improve the reliability of the numerical 82 results, a model with the cladding panels is developed that is able to simulate the panel collapse 83 during the seismic load. If the panels collapse is simulated, the results show a significant difference 84 in the structural response in terms of both connection failure and forces distribution. In the final part 85 of the paper, the seismic vulnerability of the structures is evaluated by taking into account all the 86 above-cited modeling assumptions in order to define general conclusions to lead the designer to 87 choose the approach for such buildings. 88 Case-study structure 89 The investigated case study is a precast industrial building (Figure 1). It consists of precast 90 columns, fixed at the base by means of socket foundation and connected at the top by secondary 91 girders and principal beams in the two horizontal directions. The principal beams support the roof 92 elements. The columns height is equal to 9m (29.5 ft); the width of the six X-bays is 12m (39.4 ft) 93 and the width of the two Z-bays is 19m (62.3 ft). The horizontal elements are designed by 94 considering only the vertical loads (permanent and variable loads); they consist of prestressed TT 95 roof elements, prestressed principal beams in the transversal direction (Z direction in Figure 1) and 96 secondary girders in the longitudinal direction (X direction in Figure 1). Dowel connections are 97 usually installed between the principal beam and the columns as well as between the roof elements 98 and the principal beams. The girder-to-column connection usually consists of bolted steel joints. 99 Vertical reinforced concrete precast cladding panels are connected to beams or girders, as described 100 in section "Model with cladding panels". 101 The columns are designed according to Eurocode 8 (CEN, 2005), assuming a peak ground 102 acceleration equal to 0.168g (return period of 475 years and soil type "B") and ductility class 103 "DCH". The behavior factor is equal to 4.5, as indicated in Eurocode 8. The columns have square104 shaped cross-sections (80cm x 80cm – 31.5 inches x 31.5 inches) reinforced with 22mm diameter


Open Educational Resources (OER) represent a great opportunity for schools and universities. Beyond the significant benefits of free availability of reusable learning contents, there is considerable potential at pedagogical level when resources are generated and shared by teachers. Thus, it is possible to exploit skills and knowledge of a community of teachers to create highquality and pedagogically effective resources. When OER are generated collaboratively, they become the social objects around which the community grows. In this paper we present the experience gained in three European projects in which teachers have been guided in the production of digital learning resources and encouraged to share them within a community of colleagues with similar interests. The projects, which embraced the priorities set by UNESCO for the dissemination of OER, highlighted the need for more widespread sharing and use of OER in schools, together with suitable support policies.


This study focuses on control and autonomy among an emerging class of knowledge workers in sales, from the employees' perspective. The sales engineers studied were not only technical experts, they also worked on their own in client's plants over extended periods of time, where they customised the emergent technology offered by their company. How did management control the work of the sales engineers? This paper will attempt to answer this question using ethnographic and interview material collected at a small engineering boutique. Market control emerges in this study as a central control mechanism. The sales engineers became a part of a quasi‐firm arrangement, composed of them and the client's engineers and managers, who supervised their work. Management effort to ensure detailed documentation emerges as a second control mechanism. The necessity to document created a dilemma for the sales engineers. They perceived documentation as a managerial tool designed to enhance control and limit their autonomy, but also as a professional norm.


Analysis of sewage and sewage-stillage mixtures by COD and BOD procedures indicates the usefulness of the COD method for predicting the degree of pollution of these materials in terms of 5-day or 20-day BOD. Specifically, COD values for raw sewage correlated well with the 5-day BOD; and raw sewage-stillage mixtures with COD values above 500 ppm were best correlated with 20-day BOD. All effluent samples from either straight domestic sewage or sewage-stillage mixtures had a COD-BOD relationship similar to that found for raw sewage. Equations are presented for estimating BOD values from the modified COD method employed in this work.


The study aimed at investigating the effect of a  WebQuest-Based Program (WQBP) on developing the EFL listening and speaking skills General Secondary School. The participants of the study were Forty (40) Second Year General Secondary School Students from Temay AlAmdid General Secondary School, Dakahliya, Egypt. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design to proceed the experiment. So, there were two groups: an experimental group (n= 20) and a control one (n= 20). To collect data, the researcher used multiple instruments: a listening sub-skills checklist, a speaking sub-skills checklist, a computer and Internet Skills Survey to choose the sample, two pre posttests of listening and speaking, a speaking assessment rubric, and a reflection log for students to evaluate each webquest of the program. The researcher taught both groups: the experimental group was taught through the webquest based program (WQP) while the control group was taught through the traditional way of teaching. The results of the study revealed the following: there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the participants of the experimental group and those of the control group on the post application of the listening test in favor of the experimental group;there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the participants of the experimental group and those of the control group on the post application of the speaking test in favor of the experimental group;there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group members on the pre and post application of the pre post-test of the listening test in favor of the post application; there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group members on the pre and post application of the pre post-test of the speaking test in favor of the post application; Hence, the effect size of the webquest program was found to be high in enhancing and developing the listening and speaking skills of the secondary school students. The study recommends using the webquest as a technique in teaching EFL skills and as a training approach in professional development programs of EFL teachers.


Urban and highway runoff has negative environmental and ecological effects on the waters that receive it. Highway runoff mobilises heavy metal elements and suspended solids from atmospheric deposition and traffic, as well as road degradation and maintenance. A pilot sand filter is designed to reduce metals, hydrocarbons and suspended solids from a highway reach in Fene, Spain. This unit filters a percentage of highway runoff, reducing the mobilised loads of pollutants through filtration and sorption. A monitoring programme is developed to characterise runoff pollution of the pilot catchment. Runoff is found to be heavily polluted with sediments, high chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, copper and zinc. Field data are also used to develop a calibrated hydraulic model of the catchment with the storm water management model. From the long-term simulations using this model, the filtration device is designed for an average spill frequency of about 20 events per year and to capture and treat approximately ...


The objective of the present study was to determine the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins of healthy bovines of Nelore breed in the Botucatu area. One hundred and twenty clinically healthy animals were used. The animals were divided into six groups according to age and sex. Each group was composed of 20 animals. Relative and absolute concentrations of serum proteins were determined by agarose gel electrophoretic fractionation. Determination of total protein concentration was carried out by biuret reaction. Six fractions were analyzed after electrophoretic fractionation: albumin,  a 1 -globulin, a 2 -globulin, b 1 -globulin, b 2 -globulin, g -globulin. The mean value of total serum protein of healthy bovines was 6.87 g/dl. Mean, absolute and relative values of the electrophoretic pattern of healthy bovines were as follows: albumin = 3.29 g/dl and 48.06%; a 1 -globulin = 0.51 g/dl and 7.40%; a 2 -globulin = 0.70 g/dl and 10.22%; b 1 -globulin = 0.72 g/dl and 10.45%; b 2 -globulin = 0.48 g/dl and 6.90%; g -globulin = 1.18 g/dl and 16.98%; total globulin = 3.59 g/dl and 51.95%; albumin/globulin total ratio = 0.95. The a 1 -globulin absolute and relative values were the only fraction affected by sex. The protein values and the absolute values of albumin, a 1 -globulin, b 1 -globulin, b 2 -globulin, g -globulin, total globulin and albumin/globulin total ratio were influenced by age.


Western Siberian and Volga region oil fields, as a rule, are characterized with low reservoir pressure and exploitation by the method of mechanized extraction, that does not allow to assess the productivity in steady mode of fluid output (extraction) (flow rate), that is easily implemented in gushing wells. That's why, geophysical surveys (GS) are performed in overhaul periods, after stopping the well and extraction borehole equipment глушения скважин. In that case, is sufficiently disrupted work mode of well and reservoir, depression and flow rate created with GS does not correspond to the operating mode. Increasing the number of horizontal wells shows the urgency of the problem of assessing the efficiency of the multistage hydraulic fracturing. To eliminate these restrictions can be applied the technology of ESP bypasses (Y-Tool), where the borehole equipment is delivered on the CT below the depth of descent pump in horizontal wellbore interval.


The purpose of this research was to prepare a modified release tablet o f montelukast sodium. Montelukast sodium is Leukotriene antagonist which is rapidly absorbed after the oral administration. The drug was mixed with Ethyl Cellulose and Tragacanth as a dry binder and ethanol was used as solvent to perform the granulation in FBD by the bottom spray method. The granules obtain were mixed with the other ingredients and were compressed using 10 station tablet rotary press. The dissolution was carried out using USP paddle apparatus.


In honing works, the loading of abrasive sticks is thought to play an important role in its finishing process, for example, the creation of smooth surfaces and high dimensional accuracies is generally said to be accompanied with the development of the loading. But there has been no appropriate method for mesuring this loading, so its growing process and influences still have not been fully investigated.In this study, a method of magnetical in-process measurement of this loading is developed with the object of the application to the experimental analysis of honing mechanisms, and its characteristics and applicability are investigated in the cast-iron honing experiment. The main results are as follows;(1) For the measurement of the loading in such cases as honing works in which the abrasive tools move slowly, the utilization of the magnetic resistance change accompanied with the loading is available, differing from the case of the grinding loading reported in the previous paper.(2) In the application experiment, the developed apparatus has well operated and some aspect of the loading in the cast-iron honing, for example, its growing process and its relations with the metal removals and the surface finish, has been definitely shown.


To overcome the highly use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, it should be obtained the low N tolerant rice lines. Therefore, the selections under the condition of low N have to be carried out. The objective of this on-station experiment was to identify desirable rice genotypes suited to limited nitrogen availability based on stress selection indices. Twenty-six rice genotypes were evaluated under low N and optimum N environments. The experiment was conducted at Muara Experimental Farm Bogor in wet season 2014 and used augmented design with three replications for check varieties under low N and optimum N conditions. Seven stress tolerance indices including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) tolerance (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and stress susceptible index (SSI) were computed and analyzed based on grain yield under low N and optimum N conditions. Analysis of variance showed significant variations due to genotypes for grain yield under two N conditions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first PCA explained 69.5.0% of MP, GMP, STI and TOL. PCA indicated that the first two components accounted for more than 98% of the total variations for low N tolerant indices. Positive and significant correlation of Ys and Yp with MP, GMP, and STI concluded that these indices were the best predictors of yield under low N and optimum N environments. According to MP, GMP, and STI genotypes code 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 were the most tolerant genotypes under low N conditions. Genotypes no 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14 and 26 were superior genotypes for both N conditions.