This work presents a novel conical rotor non-contact piezoelectric actuator based on the principle of near-field acoustic levitation. The conical rotor is levitated and driven by a single stator, while generating two orthogonal standing waves and superimposing a travelling wave vibration on the stator. A frequency sensitivity analysis is conducted for the stator structural parameters, based on a dynamics calculation. An acoustic field simulation is conducted and the sound pressure distribution is obtained. The acoustic radiation force is calculated at different voltages and frequencies. A prototype is fabricated, and the vibration characteristics are experimentally obtained. A test system is built for the actuator, and the conical rotor successfully achieves levitation and rotation. The levitation height and rotation speed of the 3.37[Formula: see text]g rotor are 0.4[Formula: see text]mm and 2300[Formula: see text]r/min, respectively. The acoustic simulations are validated experimentally and show reasonable agreement.


This study aimed to determine the effect of turmeric tamarind solution on the surface roughness of conventional glass ionomer cement. 20 specimens were immersed in packaged and nonpackaged turmeric tamarind solution (each n = 10) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Results analyzed using two-way analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the packaged and nonpackaged turmeric tamarind solution but a significant difference in immersion duration between the two groups (p < 0.05). Surface roughness increased with longer immersion duration in turmeric tamarind solution.


The paper analyzes the deviation in the understanding of the construction of On-campus Training Base(OTB) in vocational colleges and puts forward some corresponding suggestions.On the basis of the situation of the construction of refrigeration training base in Shunde Polytechnic,the paper introduces the experience and achievements in the construction of OTB.


Abstract The Program SUBMODELS [1] is aimed to exhaust all possibilities derived from the symmetry of differential equations for construction of submodels (i.e., systems of equations of the reduced dimension) which describe classes of exact solutions for initial equations. In the frame of this Program, our paper communicates the description of all (up to similarity) regular submodels for the system of Gas Dynamics with the general state equation. Submodels are classified by their types (σ, δ), where σ is a rank and δ is a defect. Regularity of a submodel means that invariant independent variables are functions of initial independent variables only. The classification tables, comments to them, and some characteristic examples are presented.


From the cognitive point of view, knowing concepts is a fundamental ability when human being understands the world. Most concepts can be lexicalized via words in a natural language and are called Lexical Concepts. Currently, there is much interest in knowledge acquisition from text automatically and in which concept extraction, verification, and relationship discovery are the crucial parts (Cao et al., 2002). There are a large range of other applications which can also be benefit from concept acquisition including information retrieval, text classification, and Web searching, etc. (Ramirez & Mattmann, 2004; Zhang et al., 2004; Acquemin & Bourigault, 2000) Most related efforts in concept mining are centralized in term recognition. The common used approaches are mainly based on linguistic rules (Chen et al., 2003), statistics (Zheng & Lu, 2005; Agirre et al., 2004) or a combination of both (Du et al., 2005; Velardi et al., 2001). In our research, we realize that concepts are not just terms. Terms are domain-specific while concepts are general-purpose. Furthermore, terms are just restricted to several kinds of concepts such as named entities. So even we can benefit a lot from term recognition we cannot use it to learn concepts directly. Other relevant works in concept mining are focused on concepts extraction from documents. Gelfand has developed a method based on the Semantic Relation Graph to extract concepts from a whole document (Gelfand et al., 1998). Nakata has described a method to index important concepts described in a collection of documents belonging to a group for sharing them (Nakata et al., 1998). A major difference between their works and ours is that we want to learn huge amount of concepts from a large-scale raw corpus efficiently rather than from one or several documents. So the analysis of documents will lead to a very higher time complexity and does not work for our purpose. There are many types relationships between lexical concepts such as antonymy, meronomy and hyponymy, among which the study of hyponymy relationship has attracted many effort of research because of its wide use. There are three mainstream approaches—the Symbolic approach, the Statistical approach and the Hierarchical approach—to discovery general 19


A Coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed multi-permittivity and stair shaped dual rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) has been designed for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. Isolation improvement has been obtained by means of modified CPW feeding and a metallic diagonal stub in the proposed structure. The simulated results have been validated by prototype designing and performing measurements. The electrical size of the proposed antenna configuration is $1.12\lambda _{0}\times 1.12\lambda _{0}\times 0.25\lambda _{0}$ . The measured input impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 153.6% (1.6-12.2 GHz) with a minimum of 25 dB isolation between the radiators in the operating band. Measured results illustrate the satisfactory performance of proposed UWB MIMO antenna with a low envelope correlation coefficient and low mutual coupling throughout the desired frequency range.


This month Krista Faber provides some suggestions to help school nurses, with no or little experience in teaching PSHE, who have access to a teaching assistant how best to involve him/her in the delivery of the sessions.


Objective To study the effect of oil on alkali corneal burn.Methods Forty-four eyes of 34 in-patients of our hospital from 1997 to 2002 were divided into 2 groups,treatment group was treated with oil(tea oil and cod-liver oil),while the control group didn't use oil.Visual acuity and results of slit-lamp examinations with fluorescine dye were recorded.Results There was significant difference(χ2=4.66,P0.05) in the effective rates between the treatment group(90.9%) and control group(63.6%).Conclusion Tea oil and co-liver oil could be applied in alkali corneal burn,particularly in the condition without effective medicine.


We present an Imitation Learning approach for the control of dynamical systems with a known model. Our policy search method is guided by solutions from Model Predictive Control (MPC). Typical policy search methods of this kind minimize a distance metric between the guiding demonstrations and the learned policy. Our loss function, however, corresponds to the minimization of the control Hamiltonian, which derives from the principle of optimality. Therefore, our algorithm directly attempts to solve the optimality conditions with a parameterized class of control laws. Additionally, the proposed loss function explicitly encodes the constraints of the optimal control problem and we provide numerical evidence that its minimization achieves improved constraint satisfaction. We train a mixture-of-expert neural network architecture for controlling a quadrupedal robot and show that this policy structure is well suited for such multimodal systems. The learned policy can successfully stabilize different gaits on the real walking robot from less than 10 min of demonstration data.


Public indignation toward nuclear-power expansion, and dwindling oil and gas reserves dictate the needs to look for alternative-power sources, such as coal and water. It is a prime time that use of large volumes of National coal-reserves and unlimited expansion of hydropower with pumped storage be brought to the forefront to develop future hydrothermal-power for accelerated growth of power resources and main-stream economy of the United States. Low sales of the past, and strict environmental-laws have impeded coal production to a bare minimum, thus hampering the proper growth of electric power. To bring the Nation out of the energy slum and spur up the economic growth, it is recommended that Federal funds be made available for research and development of coal production and hydrothermal power.


Existing visualizations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) C. U. Lehmann frequently obscure important trends in clinical data presented to the clinician in tabular displays or stacked univariate plots of variables as a function of time. Scales and alarm limits in clinical displays are based on data that is typical for adults (i.e., adult "norm data"), resulting in confusing or misleading displays in the NICU. In premature infants, norm data differs significantly both from adult values and among infants of differing gestational ages. Interfaces designed to display adult values hinder the perception of clinical changes. We developed a visualization that provides an integrated, multivariate interface for representing laboratory and physiological data in the NICU. We present its design and evaluation and discuss potential future applications of this visualization that is interactive, animated, and personalized to an individual patient so that clinicians can quickly and efficiently recognize significant changes in the patient's condition.


The solvothermal method is used to prepare CuInSe2 quantum dots (QDs). This method mainly uses ethanolamine as a solvent with CuCl2·2H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and selenium powder used as raw materials. The powder morphology, phase, and light absorption characteristics of different reaction temperatures and times were characterized in this work. Other characterization methods were used to optimize the CuInSe2QDs. It was substantiated that the optimum reaction condition is at 180 °C for 20 h, the proportion of Cu, In, and Se is 1:2:1, the particle size is 10 nm, and the emission peak is at 800 nm. Furthermore, the CuInSe2QDs with the best performance were adsorbed on the TiO2 film, and it was concluded that TiO2 could be successfully decorated via the CuInSe2QDs, and the absorption band edge was enlarged to enhance the light absorption performance.The solvothermal method is used to prepare CuInSe2 quantum dots (QDs). This method mainly uses ethanolamine as a solvent with CuCl2·2H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and selenium powder used as raw materials. The powder morphology, phase, and light absorption characteristics of different reaction temperatures and times were characterized in this work. Other characterization methods were used to optimize the CuInSe2QDs. It was substantiated that the optimum reaction condition is at 180 °C for 20 h, the proportion of Cu, In, and Se is 1:2:1, the particle size is 10 nm, and the emission peak is at 800 nm. Furthermore, the CuInSe2QDs with the best performance were adsorbed on the TiO2 film, and it was concluded that TiO2 could be successfully decorated via the CuInSe2QDs, and the absorption band edge was enlarged to enhance the light absorption performance.


The purpose of the present research is to look at popular media as a way to interpret cultural understandings of the relationship between crime and the family. An understanding of the complex and dynamic interplay between crime and family in primetime media is predicated upon recognition of the massive impact that the media in general has on American society. To learn about the ways in which American culture explains and understands crime, I looked at 39 of the most popular crime series ranging from the 1950's until today. In all, this study explored depictions of deviance in 167 television episodes. I used both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the ways that family was used as a method of contextualizing criminal behavior. The study yielded four areas in which crime and family intersected to create an image of deviance: appearance of criminals' families, family responses to deviant behavior, family as an explanation of deviance, and family violence in television.


This paper examines the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of water over a yawed cylinder with variable fluid properties and non-uniform mass transfer. The impact of viscous dissipation is taken into consideration. The velocity and temperature fields are governed by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations together with boundary constraints. These governing equations are converted to dimensionless form with suitable non-similar transformations and then solved using an implicit finite difference method and the quasi-linearization technique. The results indicate that the yaw angle enhancement declines the skin friction coefficient in the axial direction and the heat transfer coefficient. It is also ascertained that the separation can be delayed by enhancing the MHD effect, the suction parameter with slot movement in the downstream direction.


46 Background: Liver cancers had been the second leading cause of cancer related deaths, globally and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75-85% of the primary liver malignancies. Recently, the combination of Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab (atezo-beva) had been considered to be the standard of care for unresectable HCC. This study aims to assess the impact of the atezo-beva combination therapy on patients with HCC in Pakistan that will help to improve the standard of care and could lead to better health outcomes for our patients. Methods: A retrospective, uni-center study was conducted among the patients of HCC presented in the oncology department of Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, with the sample size of 46. The diagnosed patients of unresectable HCC were included. The combination of Atezolizumab 1200mg and Bevacizumab 15mg per kg were administered intravenous every 3 weekly. The therapeutic response to treatment was assessed by CT or MRI after 3 months of initiation of treatment as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors for immunotherapy (iRECIST). Results: A total of 46 participants were included with the median age of 61.5 years. 91.3% and 8.7% participants were male and female, respectively. Majority, 78.3% had viral etiology for HCC and the median level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was 99.43 ng/ml. The response to atezo-beva combination after 4 cycles of treatment was partial response (45.17%), progressive disease (15.2%), and stable disease (10.9%). Moreover, the current status of the participants was as ongoing treatment (67.4%), progressive disease (13.0%), drug side effects (6.5%), lost to follow up (6.5%) and mortality (6.5%). Conclusions: The effect of atezo-beva combination on unresectable HCC showed the majority to have partial response. However further studies are needed to validate these findings as well as to assess the PFS and OS of atezo-beva combination in Pakistani population.


The heat metering technology has been developed rapidly in our country in recent ten years. The charging area of heat metering has risen greatly especially in the past five years,which made the reliability of heat metering technology attract much industry attention. The progress made by the industry in the metering product research and development,metering technology research,product inspection,metering technology and its energy saving technology application were deeply researched and analyzed,and main achievements made in heat metering technology research at home and abroad by taking heat metering technology as research object were summarized by this paper. The current existing problems were also analyzed and the development trend in this field was prospected in view of the application of actual engineering in heat metering.


This essay focuses on the (non)application of the precautionary principle in the Hormones Case. It concludes that the finding of the Appellate Body that the precautionary principle, as such, cannot overrule the explicit wording of Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of the SPS Agreement is debatable, if a similar principle or concept were to exist in health law – a line of thought that is not pursued by the Appellate Body in its consideration of the precautionary principle. In addition, the article includes considerations about the problems that arises if substantive unity is sought in a procedurally non-unified system for international dispute settlement.


May 2018 • Volume 126 • Number 5 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org 1431 This infographic illustrates a host of factors that influence the dramatic range of intraocular pressures that fluctuate throughout the intraoperative period. This graphic by no stretch exhausts the list of interventions that raise or lower intraocular pressure and focuses on those elements most relevant to the anesthesia care provider. This knowledge may be used to modify approaches to a patient in whom the preservation of ocular perfusion pressure is of paramount concern. The Infographic is composed by Naveen Nathan, MD, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (email@example.com). Illustration by Naveen Nathan, MD. The author declares no conflicts of interest. REFERENCE 1. Kelly DJ, Farrell SM. Physiology and role of intraocular pressure in contemporary anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2018;126:1551–1562.


During pregnancy some cells traffic between the fetus and mother and recent studies indicate low levels persist in the respective hosts decades later. Microchimerism (Mc) refers to a small population of cells or DNA harbored by one individual that derive from a genetically distinct individual. Persistent Mc can also arise from cell transfer between twins in utero or after a blood transfusion. Because women are preferentially affected by autoimmune disease, often with an increased incidence in post-reproductive years, fetal Mc has been investigated in diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), autoimmune thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Maternal Mc has been investigated in SSc, myositis and neonatal lupus. Evidence implicating fetal Mc is strongest in SSc where quantitatively higher levels of fetal Mc have been found and particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) relationships of mother and child are associated with increased risk of subsequent SSc in the mother. Maternal Mc is implicated in myositis and neonatal lupus. It is unknown how Mc might be involved in autoimmune disease. Mc could play a role in the effector arm of immune responses either directly or indirectly. Microchimeric cells could be targets of an immune response, an intriguing possibility suggested by a recent study in which maternal cells identified in hearts of infants with neonatal lupus congenital heart block were predominantly cardiac myocytes. Alternatively microchimeric cells could be recruited secondarily to diseased tissues and function in tissue repair. The long-term consequences of naturally acquired Mc deriving from pregnancy are not yet known. Because persistent fetal and maternal Mc are not uncommon in healthy individuals it seems likely that beneficial effects may also accrue to the host. Recent advances in this active frontier of scientific research are discussed.


Objective The observation treats the vitiligo from the body epidermis black element cell transplant the curative effect;Methods Uses the negative pressure for the skin area attracts the blister law.(Floccosoids area) is used the skin area rubs truncates the law.Normal epidermis melanin transplant to floccosoids area.Results 60 examples patients,cure 33 examples((55.00)%),effective 22 examples(36.67%),invalid 5 examples(8.33%),total effectiveness 91.67%.Conclusion the treatment to the vitiligo from the body epidermis black element cell transplant is very accurate.Segmental rate reaches 100%;localized rate reaches 90.0%;and scattered rate reaches 92.5%;and wide rate reaches 66.6%.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) in recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma after surgical excision.Methods: The clinical data of five cases of malignant pheochromocytoma underwent TACE were reviewed,and of all the cases,4 cases with hypertension were given α-adrenergic blockers and β-adrenergic blockers for control of heart rate and blood pressure before TACE,and all five cases were given α-adrenergic blockers during TACE.More attention were paid into monitoring the blood pressure and heart rate in the following two weeks after TACE.Results: The blood pressure and heart rate of four cases with hypertension were controlled before TACE.Paroxysmal hypertension occurred in four cases and were controlled by administration of α-adrenergic blockers and β-adrenergic blockers,and only one case remained stable blood pressure during TACE.Hypotension appeared in three cases and controlled by maintainint the blood volume.All the five cases were followed up ranged from two months to two years and three months.Two cases died of recurrence and epilepsy,and the other three cases were still surviving for 7 to 27 months with smaller tumor size and without clinical manifestations of severe hypertension.Conclusion: TACE for recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma after surgical excision is safe and effective if the blood pressure is controlled and been monitoring well.


INTRODUCTION Blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often establish large winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of economic, public health, and nuisance reasons. Several techniques are available for alleviating roost problems, including habitat manipulation, roost dispersal with mechanical and pyrotechnic devices (Mott et al 1978), and, where necessary, direct population reduction (DeGrazio 1964). These techniques, however, have limitations due to weather, roost accessibility, logistics, and adverse public reaction. In the past, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has been used effectively as a bird-frightening agent in agricultural crops (Besser 1976), but until now has not been adequately tested for its effectiveness as a roost dispersal agent. Two earlier small-scale tests conducted on two Colorado roosts of 10,000 and 160,000 blackbirds indicated that 4-AP-treated cracked corn baits had a potential as a roost dispersal tool (DeCino et al 1965, Schafer 1966). In January and February 1979, I conducted additional tests to assess the potential of using 4-AP for dispersing roosts, to develop techniques for bait delivery, and to determine hazards to nontarget birds. METHODS Study Areas Two cattail (Typha spp.) marsh roost sites were selected in Colorado to test roost dispersal techniques utilizing 4-AP during January and February 1979. The first was 1.4 miles southeast of Longmont in Boulder County, and contained an estimated 49,000 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and 1,000 starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) that roosted in two acres of a 15-acre marsh (Table 1). The second roost, in which birds were concentrated in eight of 26 acres, was eight miles east of Las Animas in Bent County, Initial roost estimates were 300,000 blackbirds (95% redwings, 4% starlings, and 1% Brewer's blackbirds (Euphagus cyanocephalus)). Dosing In January at the Longmont roost, 100 male redwings were individually dosed with one 3% 4-aminopyridine corn tablet (Garrison et al. 1979) each of three consecutive evenings and released into the roost as flights of blackbirds entered the roost at sunset. All dosed blackbirds had been captured locally and were held for 14 days in aviary cages before treatment. The actual dosing took about 30 minutes to complete each evening. At the 3% level, treated birds were expected to become affected within 20 minutes (DeGrazio et al. 1971, Garrison et al. 1979). DeGrazio et al. (1972) reported good dispersal results from cornfields when less than 1% of the flocks of birds in the fields were affected by 4-AP treated baits. 249 Bait Trays In February at the …


This article outlines the rationale for adopting a mixed methods approach within randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and explores challenges associated in doing so. Taking the example of the EASE Back feasibility and pilot study (Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard care for pregnant womEn with BACK pain: ISRCTN49955124), we detail why and how we operationalized a concurrent-sequential mixed methods research design. We present key findings from the exploratory research (focus groups and interviews) and explain how these were integrated with descriptive findings (a national survey of physical therapists) in order to inform and refine the design of the explanatory phase (the pilot RCT). We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and implications for future research design and conduct.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Science and Bioengineering LIN, DONG: New Generation Affibody Molecule Phage Library for Highly Stringent Binder Selections Master of Science Thesis, 60 pages, 3 Appendix pages March 2014 Major: Biotechnology Examiner: Professor Matti Karp, Professor Per-Åke Nygren (KTH)


The utility model discloses an inspection robot's adsorption equipment, adsorption equipment includes the robot shell, adsorbs the sucking disc, controls the mainboard, the robot shell is provided with the negative pressure cavity, top in the negative pressure cavity is provided with negative pressure centrifugal fan, negative pressure centrifugal fan passes through wire and control mainboard connection, fixed surface installs the absorption sucking disc under the cavity. The utility model has the advantages that: by negative pressure system, sucking disc absorption makes the robot detect the position at the focus and can stop for a long time, the extra power of without, and the realization robot works for a long time, make the robot stop the in -process, sucking disc internal adsorption pressure reduces, and it provides the adsorption affinity and ensure the robot dependability to open negative pressure centrifugal fan through the pressure load cell in the resetting means.


Summary: The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the efficacy of the BCG instillation therapy, cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activated by BCG in vitro, and the concentration of cyto kines in serum and urine following BCG instillation. We studied 7 patients who had carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Tokyo strain 172 BCG was administered weekly for 8 weeks as 80 mg of BCG in 40 ml of saline, instilled into the bladder and retained for 2 hours. Out of the 7 patients, 6 achieved complete remission after 8 sessions of instillation. In 5 of the 7 patients, cytokine produc tion by PBMC after incubation with BCG in vitro was studied. After co-culture of BCG and PBMC for 24 hours, concentrations of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in the supernatant ranged from 216 to 3563 pg/ml (mean; 1146 ± 1384), from 992 to 2030 pg/ml (mean; 1398 ± 487), respectively. Although concentrations of TNF alpha in serum were slightly elevated in 3 of 7 and IFN gamma in 1 of 7 patients at 6 hours following the first session of BCG instillation, concentrations of these cytokines in the urine were not elevated. There was no relationship between the tumor response to BCG therapy, concentrations of TNF alpha or IFN gamma in serum and urine, and the concentration of cytotoxic cytokines mediated by BCG in vitro.


The error model of the 6-SPS parallel manipulator is provided by differentiating the displacement input-output functions. Based on this, the independent and equal effect principle of error is applied to the accuracy synthesis of a 6-SPS parallel manipulator, it changed a multivariable, multi-object and non-linear problem into a simple linear problem .


In this paper, we will highlight the role of spread spectrum sequence on the performance of the CDMA MIMO system. Then we will consider a family of sequences generated by non linear system selected according to the criteria maximum pic of periodic (MPPC) and aperiodic (MPAC) correlation. The performance of these sequences were computed and compared to the performance allowed by the classical Gold sequences. Numerical results showed that the use of these sequences improves the performance of conventional receiver.


The effect of quinidine on unidirectional fluxes of Na and K in isolated rabbit atria has been investigated and correlated with known effects of the drug on the electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. Quinidine caused a rapid inhibition of Na entry, which secondarily depressed K efflux. In addition, the drug depressed membrane permeability to K and caused a marked inhibition of active transport, both of which were relatively slow in onset.


The experiment was carried out in the field of Horticulture and landscape Dept., College of Agriculture, University of Diyala during the summer season 2015, to study the effect of the shading and potassium spraying agents on some vegetative growth parameters and yield of cucumber cultivar Mohannad. Shading levels were (% 0, % 35 and % 65) (L0, L1, L2) respectively. Four potassium levels were used (0, 4000, 4500 and 5000) mg k l-1 which were applied spraying at vegetative growth of plant which were symboled (K0, K1, K2 and K3) respectively. Results showed that shading at level 35% (L1) significantly exceeded on the dry weight of vegetative shoot, yield of the plant and the efficiency of water, while level 65% (L2) gave the highest increase in leaves area compared to 0% shading. The concentration of proline and potassium in plant leaves was higher in the control treatment without shade (L0). The results showed that fourth level of potassium (5000 mg k g-1) was superior compared to 0 level in leaves area, dry weight of vegetative shoot, yield of the plant, proline and potassium concentration in leaves and the water use efficiency increased in values (%19.79, %14.46, %72.59, %20.00, %37.63, and %72.75) respectively. The effect of the overlap between the levels of shading and potassium concentrations was significant in the dry weight of vegetative shoot, yield of the plant and the water use efficiency at the level of interference L1K3 (shading ratio of 35%, and the potassium concentration of 5000 mg k g-1) which recorded an average (79.67 g plant-1, 11.68 ton h-1, 17.27 kg mm h-1) respectively. The leaves area of the plant exceeded the level of interference L2*K3 with average (309.78cm2 ), while the level of interference L0K3 exceeded the rest of the levels of concentration of proline and Potassium concentration in leaves with average (2.37 mg g-1, and 44.99 mg k g-1).


Joint commissioning is an important part of the current health and social care context and will continue to be crucial in the future. An essential component of any commissioning process is priority setting, and this paper begins to explore the idea of integrated priority setting as a key element of health and social care commissioning. After setting out the key terminology in this area and the main priority‐setting processes for health and social care, the paper describes a number of barriers that might be encountered in integrated priority setting. We argue that there are significant barriers in financing, accessibility, evidence and politics, and it is important that such barriers are acknowledged if priority setting is to become a component of joint commissioning. While these barriers are not insurmountable, the solution lies in engagement with a range of stakeholders, rather than simply a technical process.


The present invention provides a safe and effective body piercing system. Earring cartridge of the present invention includes: a pole base assembly is placed in the minor axis in the minor axis of the strut; a nut, it is at a distance from the minor axis of the strut, which is placed in the opposite direction, with the minor axis and slidably strut aligned. When body piercing, the ears and the nut is placed between the struts. When compressing the collet earrings, nut tend to minor axis, as the rod to engage with the nut, a force similar to the torque on the minor axis pole base assembly so that the assembly is rotated open. Earring cartridge can be used with traditional style ear-punch and a minor axis or articulated new hoop earring of the present invention. The present invention also provides novel back of the bezel with the nut, the nut is prevented strut slides along the short axis. The box can be stacked vertically to maintain transport and storage with earring cartridge body piercing earring sterile environment of the minor axis. Earrings minor axis of a gun cartridge provides pallets, earrings chuck can be mounted on the pallet. With this package, the operator need not touch the cartridge during loading and unloading to loading and unloading of the minor axis a gun.


A list of ISIS 2 experiments and a description of the satellite are presented. Instrumentation of the satellite included an auroral scanning photometer, a red line photometer, a swept frequency sounder, an ion mass spectrometer, and triaxial fluxgate magnetometer. Data format descriptions are provided. Included with the geophysical data set is a list of all passes.


The macroinvertebrate fauna of twenty-one ponds (thirteen temporary and eight permanent) located in four protected areas in Central Italy were studied in March, May and June 2002, with the aim to bring out relationships between environmental variables and the functional characteristics (functional feeding groups, habits and resistance to drought) of communities. Macroinvertebrates were collected in three mesohabitat types (macrophyte beds, littoral sediments, central sediments). Overall, the functional attributes of temporary and permanent pond communities did not differ greatly. However, at the mesohabitat scale, collector-gatherers, burrowers and permanent residents capable of passive dispersal were more abundant in sediments. Scrapers and shredders, sprawlers and climbers, swimmers and divers, and organisms capable of active dispersal which lack drought resistance were more abundant in macrophyte beds. Although hydroperiod is the main driving factor affecting community structure, our results suggest that it remains an unimportant factor in controlling functional traits, which appeared to be more influenced by substratum types. Moreover, the positive relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity metrics indicates that an increase in taxonomic richness induces a satisfactory partitioning of the ecological resources among taxa, thus maintaining the ecological complexity of the ponds regardless of their hydroperiod length.


Alternative logics have been invoked periodically to explain the systematically different modes of thought of the subjects of ethnography: one logic for 'us' and another for 'them'. Recently anthropologists have cast doubt on the tenability of such an explanation of difference. In cognitive science, [Stenning and van Lambalgen, 2008] proposed that with the modern development of multiple logics, at least several logics are required for making sense of the cognitive processes of reasoning for different purposes and in different contexts. Alongside Classical logic ( CL ) — the logic of dispute), there is a need for a nonmonotonic logic ( LP ) which is a logic of cooperative communication. Here we propose that all people with various cultural backgrounds make use of multiple logics, and that difference should be captured as variation in the social contexts that call forth the different logics' application. This contribution illustrates these ideas with reference to the ethnography of divination.


Conservative treatment is the "gold standard" treatment for low back pain, in spine degenerative conditions. However, in cases where there is a failure in conservative measures, surgical treatment becomes an option (Roh et al, 2005). These procedures traditionally included decompression of spinal elements, correction of deformity and arthrodesis of the diseased spinal segment but, in some conditions, they both may be used in a combined manner (Schwarzenbach et al, 2005).


Objective: To determine the relationship between postmortem ethanol production and low molecular weight volatiles (LMWVs) in a Thai population.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 157 Thai cadavers. Various subject data were recorded, including degree of postmortem changes (transition period group vs. decomposition group classified by the total body score [TBS]) and blood profiles of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 1-propanol concentrations from femoral blood samples that were diagnosed as postmortem production by vitreous humor analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between these three analytes and the TBS and between postmortem ethanol and the other two analytes.
Results: This study comprised 44 females and 113 males with a mean age at death of 47.79 years old. Postmortem ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 1-propanol concentrations escalated along with the increased TBS (p<0.001). These three analytes were significantly correlated with the TBS (p<0.001) and the correlations of determination (R2) for postmortem ethanol and 1-propanol were better than for acetaldehyde (R2 = 0.488 and 0.414 vs. 0.269). Acetaldehyde and 1-propanol were positively correlated with postmortem ethanol (p<0.001). The correlations between postmortem ethanol and acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, and the combination of these two analytes produced R2 values of 0.413, 0.480, and 0.544, respectively.
Conclusion: Acetaldehyde and 1-propanol concentrations were significantly correlated with postmortem ethanol concentrations in Thai cadavers, and the combination of these two markers produced a better correlation with the postmortem ethanol concentration.


Iridescence is a natural phenomenon that is perceived as gradual color changes, depending on the view and illumination direction. Prominent examples are the colors seen in oil films and soap bubbles. Unfortunately, iridescent effects are particularly difficult to recreate in real‐time computer graphics. We present a high‐quality real‐time method for rendering iridescent effects under image‐based lighting. Previous methods model dielectric thin‐films of varying thickness on top of an arbitrary micro‐facet model with a conducting or dielectric base material, and evaluate the resulting reflectance term, responsible for the iridescent effects, only for a single direction when using real‐time image‐based lighting. This leads to bright halos at grazing angles and over‐saturated colors on rough surfaces, which causes an unnatural appearance that is not observed in ground truth data. We address this problem by taking the distribution of light directions, given by the environment map and surface roughness, into account when evaluating the reflectance term. In particular, our approach prefilters the first and second moments of the light direction, which are used to evaluate a filtered version of the reflectance term. We show that the visual quality of our approach is superior to the ones previously achieved, while having only a small negative impact on performance.


One of the issues that have been considered in the public sphere today is the issue of the transgender phenomenon. Transgender is related to the problem of gender identity. It refers to the condition in which the perpetrators identify their identity and gender differently from their sex biologically. It's caused by dissatisfaction and incompatibility between their body and soul. The term transgender might not be so familiar in Indonesia. However, to indicate that phenomenon, some of the people called them "waria", "priawan" or "tomboy". Generally, their existences were still hard to be accepted because Indonesian people considered this phenomenon as a deviation and it contradicts the moral value and religion in Indonesian society. In the teachings of Islam, the transgender phenomenon has been existed in the early days of the development of Islam, and it has been forbidden strictly. The Islamic view about this issue could be found in the prophet's hadith explicitly. Hence, to understand this phenomenon, we need to study the hadith. The purpose is as a basis for addressing the transgender phenomenon that was prevalent in Indonesia. The understanding implementation of this hadith, in general, is not easy, because Indonesia is not a country that makes Islam as a formal state system. It has its perspective relate to the transgender phenomenon. Therefore, we have to contextualize this hadith understanding according to the Indonesian context, especially in dealing with transgender perpetrators.


This paper presents Autobank, a prototype tool for constructing a wide-coverage Minimalist Grammar (MG) (Stabler 1997), and semi-automatically converting the Penn Treebank (PTB) into a deep Minimalist treebank. The front end of the tool is a graphical user interface which facilitates the rapid development of a seed set of MG trees via manual reannotation of PTB preterminals with MG lexical categories. The system then extracts various dependency mappings between the source and target trees, and uses these in concert with a non-statistical MG parser to automatically reannotate the rest of the corpus. Autobank thus enables deep treebank conversions (and subsequent modifications) without the need for complex transduction algorithms accompanied by cascades of ad hoc rules; instead, the locus of human effort falls directly on the task of grammar construction itself.


Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), especially Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. The annual number of deaths from CVD in India is projected to rise from 2.26 million (1990) to 4.77 million (2020). CHD prevalence rates in India have been estimated over the past several decades and have ranged from 1.6% to 7.4% in the rural population and from 1% to 13.2% in the urban population. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the most common form of CHD. Many clinical and laboratory factors, such as persistent ischemia and depressed Ejection Fraction (EF), have been identified with an increase in cardiovascular risk after initial recovery from MI. Even though conventional medicines are excellent life-saving measures in MI, quality of life is always a concern. A 56-year-old male, presented to Ayurveda hospital with exertional dyspnea and pain in the chest for one year, following secondary prevention, and had two episodes of documented MI in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Two-dimensional echocardiography (dated July 15, 2021) revealed septal and apical wall hypokinesia and an EF of 50%. The two month intervention with Nagabala–Arjunadi yoga improved the EF to 10 percentiles (5%), and wall motion abnormality was reduced to a physiological limit. The overall status of the New York Heart Association classification was improved from Class II to Class I. The quality of life assessed by the MacNew questionnaire also showed a significant difference. This case report revealed that the Ayurvedic internal medication is helpful in improving the post-MI functional capacity of the patient.


The consumption of large quantities of Sugar-Sweetened Carbonated Soft Drinks (SSCSD) may lead to obesity, which is associated with health problems such as diabetes, cardiac diseases and mental health problems. The effects of increasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) on purchases of SSCSD are estimated. Obesity is more likely among heavy drinkers than among light or moderate drinkers. Therefore, the effects on high- and low-purchasing households are estimated by using Quantile Regressions (QRs) on Norwegian household purchase data. Since many households did not purchase SSCSD during each survey period, censored as well as ordinary QRs are used. Our results suggest that a VAT increase from 13 to 25% will have the highest percentage effect among low-purchasing households but the absolute effect is highest among high-purchasing households. Low-purchasing households will reduce their purchases by about 5 L while the reduction is almost 20 L among high-purchasing households. However, the effects among high-purchasing households are not statistically significant from zero. A reduction of 5 L corresponds ceteris paribus to an annual reduction of about 0.3 kg of body weight.


In this paper, we present an FPGA-based architecture for histogram generation to support event-based camera optical flow calculation. Our proposed histogram generation mechanism reduces memory and logic resources by storing the time difference between consecutive events, instead of the absolute time of each event. Additionally, we explore the trade-off between system resource usage and histogram accuracy as a function of the precision at which time is encoded. Our results show that across three event-based camera benchmarks we can reduce the encoding of time from 32 to 7 bits with a loss of only approximately 3% in histogram accuracy. In comparison to a software implementation, our architecture shows a significant speedup.


Even before the epidemic, more and more people were making use of technology to assist with their financial planning. The financial planning business has been fast to adapt to the new standard, and as a result, many organizations now offer remote services and virtual meetings. The technology behind virtual reality (VR) is still in its infancy, with HTC, Oculus, and Sony producing the majority of the most popular VR headsets now available. Virtual reality currently has a wide range of applications, but one particularly promising one is in the field of financial planning. Virtual Reality is useful for financial planning, and it has many benefits for customers. It has been used in gaming, health-like simulations, and product demonstrations. The research will discuss, the demographics that appeal to virtual reality, the applications of virtual reality, and how financial planning can benefit from the technology.


Abstract Acid mucopolysaccharide was demonstrated in thyroid tissue and its concentration measured by carbazole and orcinol determinations of the hexuronicacid component. One lobe of the thyroid gland of each of 8 dogs was removed surgically, studied histologically, and analyzed chemically. In 6 of these dogs, the second lobe was removed after thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) had been administered subcutaneously for two to three days; the 2 dogs not treated with TSH served as controls. Chemical assay demonstrated an increase in mean values for hexuronic-acid in mucopolysaccharide of 61 per cent after 20 units of TSH given over a two-day period, 115 per cent after 30 units of TSH given over a three-day period, and 70 per cent after 40 units given over a two-day period, using the carbazole determination. Mean increases of 58, 95 and 82 per cent, respectively, were found using the orcinol determination. Histologically, these glands showed approximately a 40 per cent increase in follicular cells, a 40 per ce...


Summary Femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) is a salvage procedure routinely performed when severe osteoarthritis is present and clinical signs cannot be managed by conservative treatment, or when total hip replacement is cost prohibitive for the owners. The purpose of the study reported herein was to evaluate the adverse effects and efficacy of long-term administration of Tolfenamic acid in dogs undergoing FHNE. Twenty dogs admitted with clinical signs associated with bilateral hip degenerative joint disease and weighing more than 20 kg were included in the study. Ten dogs received Tolfenamic acid for four months following FHNE and 10 dogs received a placebo. At four months after surgery, the placebo group had a significant decrease, compared with pre-operative values, in peak vertical force (PVF) (60.38% BW vs 64.77% BW, p = 0.046), and a significant decrease in vertical impulse (VI) (8.38% BW x sec. vs 9.64% BW x sec., p = 0.023). There was not any significant difference between pre- and post-operative results in the Tolfenamic acid group regarding PVF (65.13% BW vs 63.31% BW, p = 0.296) and VI (8.24% BW x sec. vs 8.71% BW x sec., p = 0.945). A significant difference was not found between the two groups with regard to endoscopic evaluation of mucosal lesions. Subjectively, the owners of the dogs in the Tolfenamic acid group reported an earlier use of the limb, a more compliant dog during physical therapy and a more rapid return to a 'normal' gait. Long-term administration of Tolfenamic acid may therefore be recommended, following FHNE, to improve the results of the operation.


The globalization of migration processes is one of the characteristics of the modern world economy, which in turn affects the socio-cultural and political climate of individual countries and entire regions of the world. This phenomenon is usually understood as "increase of the scales of international migration of population, involving more and more countries of the world in the migration interaction, qualitative change in the structure of migration flows in accordance with the needs of the globalizing labor market". At the same time, the globalization of migration flows is thought to be derived from the liberalization of the flow of goods and capital and the globalization of population.
The globalization of migration processes is not only quantitative increase of the number of migrants, as well as sending and receiving countries. This phenomenon has a significant impact on the formation of modern migration policies at the global, international level. There is a unification of the requirements for labor migrants, no matter how skillful they are. On the other hand, working conditions and methods of personnel management are standardized and unified at the same time. The processes of globalization in this sphere lead to the fact that the geography finally loses its meaning: both for the host country, for the country of origin, citizenship and nationality of the labor migrant, in accordance with its requirements for skills and general qualification in a specific field, and for the migrant himself - in accordance with the conditions of employment and residence in the country to his requests and expectations.


The procedure of determination of deep traps parameters by both deep level transient capacitance spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoinduced transient spectroscopy (PITS) is based on Arrhenius plot illustrating the dependence of thermal emission rates as a function of temperature. In this article the effect of temperature measurement inaccuracy on the values of activation energy and capture cross- section obtained from the Arrhenius plot is analyzed. The inaccurate values of temperature involve both a change of slope and shift of the Arrhenius plots along vertical axis. The practical application of the analysis is exemplified by estimation of the temperature errors responsible for the shift of Arrhenius plots related to the center A in irradiated silicon. This article addresses the issue of temperature errors in DLTS and PITS measurements from the metrological point of view.


Injury is a major occupational health and safety issue for agricultural industries. Over the past 10 years in Victoria more work related deaths have occurred in agriculture than in any other industry group (Health and Safety Organisation, 1995). This report profiles injuries in the dairy industry based on the best available data from Victorian and national health and workers' compensation databases. Thefindings should be regarded as preliminary because of the limitations of these databases. The leading agents of fatal injury on dairy fanns were shown to be the same as those on all types of fanns vehicles, dams and tractors. The leading agents of non fatal injury on dairy fanns were cattle, hot water, gates/fences and dairy plant. The major injuries were bums, fractures, cuts and sprains. The body parts most frequently injured were eyes, fingers, hands, foreanns and the back. Back injuries mainly featured in retrospective surveys reported in the literature and in the W orkCover data. The hazards for the dairying industry to address include dams, vehicles and tractors for fatal injury and cattle, hot water and motorcycles for non fatal injury. Back injury would also seem to be a chronic dairy fann injury issue, although the hazards are a little more difficult to define from the available data. Recommendations to prevent dairy fann injuries include: reducing opportunities for cattle contact by improving either the design of the dairy or cattle handling practices; developing safe practices and improving the design of the dairy for the safer handling of hot water; developing boots designed to protect from hot water splashes and spills; investigating the circumstances in which frequent injuries, such as hand injuries, occur to determine whether a generic countermeasure such as some form of hand protection might be applicable; and reducing injuries to children as they are over-represented in deaths and serious injuries in the available data A number of recommendations to improve the availability and quality of data on dairy fann injury are also made


This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic window type photoelectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing solar cells. We make some sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production prices by changing the values of input factors such as the initial capital cost, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the system duration time. The hydrogen production price of the window type photoelectrochemical system was estimated as 1,168,972 won/. It is expected that hydrogen production cost can be reduced to 47,601 won/ if the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency is increased to 14%, the system duration time is increased to 20,000 hours, and the initial capital cost is decreased to 25% of the current level. We also evaluate the hydrogen production cost of the water electrolysis using the electricity produced by solar cells. The corresponding hydrogen production cost was estimated as 37,838 won/. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen production is evaluated as uneconomical at this time, and we need to enhance the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency and the system duration time as well as to reduce prices of the system facilities.


The invention relates to the field of surface science and in particular relates to a method for realizing large-area liquid spreading by improving liquid-solid surface hydrophilicity. The method comprises the following steps: machining a plurality of pores in a non-wet surface, wherein the included angle between the tangent line of the intersection point of each pore with the non-wet surface and the non-wet surface is smaller than 90 degrees; spreading a metal liquid on the non-wet surface. According to the method for realizing large-area liquid spreading by improving the liquid-solid surface hydrophilicity, the plurality of pores are formed in the non-wet surface, the pores form intersection points with the non-wet surface and the included angle between the tangent line passing through the intersection points and the non-wet surface is smaller than 90 degrees, and the metal liquid is spread on the non-wet surface to cover the non-wet solid surface, and therefore, the non-wet surface has good wettability; besides, the material between the pores does not change and is an original solid material, and such a structure is capable of ensuring the properties consistent with the properties of the original solid material.


the temperature variation of the intrinsic magnetisation and anisotropy are taken into account. This model is further developed in this paper. The occupation probabilities of the particle free energy minima are scarcely varying below a certain blocking temperature, which is temperature-rate dependent. The magnetisation may vary even below the blocking temperature due to the intrinsic temperature dependencies of the non-relaxing magnetisation components corresponding to the free energy minima and also of the anisotropy constant via the reduced magnetic field. The blocking condition introduced by our model is very general. covering all temperature and also field varying processes within many-level systems. A brief comparison between the discrete two-level and three-level model results is also presented. The two-level model accurately describes the magnetisation behaviour below the blocking temperature, while above it, the superparamagnetic behaviour is described in a straight-forward manner using a Monte-Carlo technique for the computation of Boltzmann integral. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained for various low concentration nanoparticle systems [2,3].


Introduction: Occupational dermal exposure to antineoplastic drugs is the one of the most important routes among healthcare staff. Several antineoplastic drugs have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study investigated dermal exposure of oncology divisions staff to the anticancer drugs (ANDs) in hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University of


Environmental conditions associated with climate change are exacerbating pine mortality caused by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis), prompting investigations into innovative management strategies. Triggering the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway using species‐specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence genes and cause mortality is effective in SPB and is an emerging technology for pest management, but specificity and safety must be demonstrated. We evaluated three pine‐associates (the scolytine six‐spined ips, Ips calligraphus, a foliage feeding pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, and the detritivorous eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes), for transcriptome sequence overlap with the SPB dsRNA and performed bioassays to evaluate lethal and sublethal effects after dsRNA ingestion. Genetic analyses revealed little overlap between dsRNA sequences and target gene orthologs, with only two matches found in I. calligraphus, the most closely related phylogenetically. No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in any of the nontarget organisms evaluated, and changes in gene expression occurred only in I. calligraphus, but with no discernible effects on adult survival. Our findings build on previous nontarget evaluations for SPB‐specific dsRNA in model insects and demonstrate that the use of RNAi as a component of an IPM strategy would not directly compromise commonly occurring non‐congeneric pine associates.


The use of experimental economics in business is a recent development that remains little discussed in the literature. Drawing from three examples, respectively from the agri-food, the automotive and the electricity industries, this article discusses the use of this method in the private sector, identifies its contributions and limits, and considers future prospects. Despite the recognized limitations of this method, in first line parallelism, experimental economics has significant potential for the private sector, to better understand individual decisions and market mechanisms, by complementing traditional approaches or through multidisciplinary opening.


Mathematics, as an undergraduate major, has been through lots of reforms and evolution to become the major as people see today. This paper will discuss about the development of mathematics as an undergraduate major from 1960 to present by analyzing the reasons for the change of the enrollment rate and the progress that the mathematical associations made. Looking through the whole history of undergraduate mathematics program, it was first established in the early 1700s as a training for brain, developed quickly from 1960s to 1970s because of the stimulation of the space race, experienced the depression from 1970s to 1980s due to the poor teaching quality and finally progressed and kept the stable development until present.


Plasma CVD oxides play a critical role in back-end process integration of the sub-0Spm node interconnect. In particular, HDP-CVD offers unique solutions to ILD challenges by achieving gap-filling of small geometries without void formation, while maintaining a high oxide quality with low etch rate and hydrogen content [I]. The HDP-CVD process uses a SiH4, 0 2 , Ar chemistry and an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) source to generate a high density plasma on the order of 1E12 ions/cm3. Sufficient concentration of ions at low-pressure is provided to simultaneously sputter the depositing silicon dioxide at high efficiency when an RF bias is supplied to the wafer substrate. Thus, gap-filling of sub-0.5 p n geometries (like the one shown in Fig.1) is achieved by creating a faceted oxide profile that counteracts the "cusping" step coverage profile from PECVD-like deposition [I]. However, the use of ICP high density plasma (with substantial sputtering component) may stress the gate oxide of CMOS devices similar to our recent observation of severe charging caused by ICP metal etch [2]. In this paper we will assess the damage to transistors with 35 to 60A gate oxide when HDPCVD is used at metal level for interlevel dielectric (ILD) and poly level for poly-metal dielectric (PMD) applications.


We present an optical method for the nanoscopic inspection of surfaces. The method is based on the spectral and polarization analysis of the light scattered by a probe nanoparticle close to the inspected surface. We explore the sensitivity to changes either in the probe-surface distance or in the refractive index of the surface.


We provide here an overview of the new and rapidly emerging research area of privacy preserving data mining. We also propose a classification hierarchy that sets the basis for analyzing the work which has been performed in this context. A detailed review of the work accomplished in this area is also given, along with the coordinates of each work to the classification hierarchy. A brief evaluation is performed, and some initial conclusions are made.


Two high-altitude copepods, Diaptomus shoshone and D. coloradensis, exhibit temporal differences in development and abundance, and they are of different size. Studies of adult sizes attained and of diets reveal that competition for resources between the two species is slight; however, laboratory experiments demonstrate that D. shoshone, the larger of the two species, preys extensively upon D. coloradensis. The population characteristics of the two species can be attributed both to avoidance of predation by the smaller species and to high variation in season length. Results are discussed in relation to theory, indicating that competition is a primary determinant of degree of resource overlap between congeneric species.


SUMMARY Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of a parent and its sudden character is a dramatic life event. In front of this new and unprecedented situation, the family experiences real changes in its everyday life. Th e situation brings imbalances in the family system in terms of communication, problem solving, emotional involvement and response. Th is requires adoption by all family members of a conduct designed to maintain optimal family relationships and to assure the role of restoring emotional balance. Th e most important factor regarding family balance is the supporting parent.


Music is a compulsory course for preschool education students and an important field for preschool teachers to carry out music activities and teaching for preschool children in kindergarten. Music quality education is the first key to open the door of music for preschool children. Therefore, in music teaching of preschool education, music quality education should be placed in the most important position. The essence of music quality is to emphasize the cultivation of music ability. The quality of music of preschool teachers will play a crucial role in the children's future music art level, and will directly affect the healthy growth of children's body and mind. Therefore, it is very important for students majoring in preschool education in secondary vocational schools to conduct music quality teaching. This paper will start from the analysis of the current situation of music course teaching for students majoring in preschool education in secondary vocational schools, and focus on the in-depth discussion on the cultivation strategy of music quality for students majoring in preschool education.


The accuracy of biometric authentication technology is becoming more sophisticated with its progress. For this reason, a huge number of biometric samples are required for accuracy evaluation, and the increased collection cost is an issue for biometric vendors. This work establishes a biometric accuracy estimation method using an extreme value theory to reduce the collection cost. It also explains the estimation procedure of false match rate using the generalized Pareto distribution and shows results applied to the face, gait, and voice comparison score data with an estimation effect of about 5–10 times. We investigate the criteria for the applicability of extremum statistics through application cases.


Abstract : Drug resistance is a process that occurs in a variety of carcinomas and especially in epithelial breast carcinomas. These carcinomas represent ^80% of all breast cancer types and are the subject of intense study. The origins of drug resistance in these cells are poorly determined. This proposal deals with examining the roles of the cell membrane and the properties of ion channels within this membrane in drug resistance. It is well known that the plasma membrane, through its role as a permeability barrier that defines and differentiates the intracellular from the extracellular one, plays a vital role in cell viability and survival to various noxious agents. However, the transport properties of breast epithelial cells and certainly those of cancerous origins are essentially undetermined. We propose to define these properties and to test the effects of transport alterations on cell viability and resistance to anthracycline antibiotics, agents which are widely used to combat breast cancer. Moreover, the routes of drug entry and exist across polarized cells (with apical and basolateral membranes) will be determined.


Designs for improving cogeneration hot-water boilers have been developed and tested; they raise the reliability, economic efficiency, and environmental friendliness of the boilers.


For the British government in the late 1930s, Saudi Arabia was a country of considerable importance. True, Saudi Arabia was an impoverished nation with virtually no industry, an ill-equipped military establishment, and probably not more than three million inhabitants. However, its territory marched with or was situated near that of several countries which Britain either administered, like Palestine, or was obligated to protect, like Transjordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi. All of these states were vulnerable to political subversion and military raids from Saudi Arabia, especially if Britain was preoccupied elsewhere. This prospect was particularly worrisome because Saudi Arabia had territorial claims against Transjordan, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi. For Britain, Saudi Arabia was important also because it occupied a vital position along the shortest sea route to India and Australia through the Red Sea, and along the shortest air route to the east through the Persian Gulf. Moreover, Saudi territory approached to within fifty miles of the key British motor route and oil pipeline between Iraq and Palestine through Transjordan. In addition, Saudi Arabia occupied most of the length of an alternative motor route from the Persian Gulf to Palestine which skirted Iraqi territory, a point which the British government believed might be of considerable significance in wartime if a hostile regime in Baghdad obstructed the movement of British troops across its territory. Saudi control of the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Madina increased the importance of the country, particularly for Britain with its millions of Muslim subjects in India and elsewhere. The prestige of Ibn Saud, the king and absolute ruler of Saudi Arabia, also added to the importance of the country, especially since the British government believed that the king had much influence within the Arab world and possibly even within the wider Muslim world. Finally, Saudi influence and importance appeared likely to increase in the future because in March 1938 an American company discovered significant quantities of oil in the eastern part of the kingdom near the Persian Gulf, and in May 1939 the first oil was exported from Saudi Arabia. I In the late 1930s the British military position in the Middle East was precarious. In Libya, Italian troops and warplanes considerably outnumbered their British counterparts in Egypt. Indeed, in January 1938 British military leaders estimated that Italy could rapidly concentrate about 650 warplanes for an attack on Egypt. By contrast, at this time Britain had only 166 military aircraft in Egypt and the vicinity including those in Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq, Aden, Sudan, and Kenya, plus another 48 aircraft in India earmarked as reinforcements. In the event of war some of these planes might not be available for deployment to Egypt because of internal security


Library as a provider of information should provide adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of library. Building or adequate library space is one of the must have tool. Researcher interested in studying design interior of Airlangga University library  in  Surabaya.  this  research  use  descriptive  quantitative  type.  Population  in  this study are the user of  Airlangga University  library during the period March 2011-March 2012  with  ±  278.972  users  and  the  samples  taken  from  100  users.  Samples  are  taken using  non  probability  method with  purposive  sampling  technique. The result show that perception of the users about interior design of Airlangga University library that includes 5 element are already well. That  element are space, coloring, lighting, air circulation, and sound


This chapter argues for the usefulness of Foucault in research on the education and learning of adults. The chapter begins with a short introduction to how the work of Foucault has been taken up in ...


The subject of this research is 29 fifth-grade elementary school students. The instruments employed consist of 1) a written test to assess cognitive abilities, 2) an affective observation sheet to evaluate attitudes, and 3) an observation sheet for products and performance to assess students' writing skills. The objectives of this research are 1) to improve the skills of developing main ideas and 2) to create creative products in the form of comics, short stories, and simple animated videos. This study is a qualitative research in the form of best practice using Digitalized Sequential Image Media (Digibase) to improve the skills of developing main ideas in fifth grade elementary school students. The results obtained from this research are: 1) the subjects have a high ability to develop main ideas of paragraphs. This can be seen from the assessment of the products and observations that have a range of values above 90. 2) the subjects have a very high cognitive ability in finding the main ideas of paragraphs. This can be seen from the posttest scores, where all subjects scored 100. 3) the subjects have a high affective ability, which can be seen from their affective achievement scores in aspects of mutual respect and responsibility that have a range of values of 79 and 83. From the results above, it can be concluded that the use of Digitalized Sequential Image Media (Digibase) can improve the skills of developing main ideas. Researchers found that in using Digibase media, it should be accompanied by specific teaching methods or models to make it more effective. In this case, the researchers combined it with a differentiated learning methods in the teaching process, with the aim of implementing Kurikulum Merdeka in learning.


In spite of evidence to the contrary, the idea is still current that when the diet is deficient in iron the red cells soon become deficient in hemoglobin (hypochromic) and smaller (microcytic) than normal. This idea is certainly not true for the healthy adult male or for healthy women after the menopause. It may sometimes be true for growing children and for women during their menstrual life or during pregnancy, or for any person who has lost or is losing considerable amounts of blood from some lesion of the body. Much remains to be learned about the metabolism and functions of iron, but of this we can be quite sure: a diet deficient in iron has not been known to produce iron deficiency except in the presence of increased needs for iron such as growth, pregnancy or blood loss. One basic fact is essential in any adequate consideration of iron


OBJECTIVE
Papillary thyroid cancer has a high prevalence of cervical nodal metastasis. There is no "gold standard" imaging for pre-operative diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of pre-operative 99mTc-MBI SPECT/CT in diagnosis of cervical nodal metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer

MATERIAL AND METHOD
Fifteen patients were performed 99Tc-MlBI SPECT/CT pre-operatively. Either positive pathological report of neck dissection or positive post-treatment I-131 whole body scan with SPECT/CT of neck was concluded for definite neck metastasis. The PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT were analyzed.

RESULTS
The PPV NPV and accuracy were 80%, 88.89%, and 85.71%, respectively. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT could localize the abnormal lymph nodes groups correctly in most cases when compared with pathological results. However the authors found one false positive case with caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis and one false negative case with positive post-treatment 1-131 whole body scan with SPECT/CT of neck on cervical nodes zone II and IV CONCLUSION: 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CTseem promising for pre-operative staging of cervical nodal involvement in patients with papillary thyroid cancer without the need of using iodinated contrast that may complicate subsequence 1-131 treatment. However, false positive result in granulomatous inflammatory nodes should be aware of especially in endemic areas. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT scan shows a good result when compared with previous study of CT or MRI imaging. The comparative study between different imaging modality and the extension of neck dissection according to MIBI result seems interesting.


Micro-optics offers the ability to realize massively parallel, surface-normal interconnects at the chip scale. In this context, we investigate the integration of a 10-Gbytes/s, 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a 2×2 array of continuous surface profile, diffractive optical elements to demonstrate a prototype system that incorporates 3-D, highly dense, parallel optical interconnects. The integration is achieved using a novel conductive polymer-based flip-chip process, which is implemented using conventional fabrication techniques. We present experimental results from the design, fabrication, integration, and characterization of the prototype system.


Abstract : Theoretical relations and experimental data are presented for the collision of two objects at intermediate velocities when both wave propagation and relative indentation of the bodies must be considered. Equations are developed that combine a description of wave phenomena in beams, bars, and plates with a law of contact. Experimental results are shown involving the impact of spheres and conically headed projectiles on bars and beams, and a comparison with the predictions of several theories is provided. The analytical relations are based on equations of motion treating both bars and beams as one-dimensional systems, with the effect of second-order correction factors neglected. The theory of Hertz and a simple postulate concerning perfectly plastic flow at the contact point are compared with the results of tests designed to relate experimentally the contact force as a function of the indentation in a regime where the major portion of the cross section at the point of contact remains elastic. The data were obtained from strain-gage and framing camera measurements.


HF heating experiment, with linear power ramp from 50 to 92 dBW, was conducted to determine the HF threshold power levels for the onset of detectable plasma waves and the onset of artificial ionization inferred from HF-enhanced plasma lines (HFPLs). The threshold free-space electric field at 200-km altitude, where HFPLs were detected, is about 53 mV/m. However, the HF electric field near the reflection height is enhanced by a swelling factor ~ 3.76 and also conversion to a linear dipole pump mode ( $\surd 2$ ); the actual threshold field is about 281 mV/m that is consistent with theory. Artificial ionization in the lower region was detectable via UHF radar. Short wavelength upper-hybrid waves, which were excited parametrically by the HF heating wave at higher threshold, implement Doppler shifted harmonic-cyclotron resonance interaction, via finite Larmour radius effect, to effectively accelerate electrons. Monitoring the spectral power of the parametric decay instability (PDI) line in the HFPLs by radar was shown to determine the artificial ionization onset time more precisely than that by observing the start of a sharp downward trend in the altitude of the HFPLs; at this time, the HF free-space electric field slightly below 200-km altitude is about 550 mV/m. Langmuir cascade lines in the HFPLs are separated by intervals about double the ion-acoustic frequency (about 4–5 kHz) generated by the PDI. These lines, observed at lower power facilities, were not observed. The upper-hybrid OTSI and PDI excited at HighPower Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) and the mode competition nonlinear-damping mechanism are suggested as the processes, suppressing cascade enhanced HFPLs.


Baoxie Road, Chencang Road and Tangluo Road were important paths for economic and cultural exchanges between the ancient Central Plains and southwest China, which were called "Three Guanhan Roads" by the Qin Merchants in the Ming Dynasty. In history, although Three Guanhan Roads have been changed several times and once been silent, their important historical position, rich cultural value and unique ecological tourism resources are of great significance to the development of Guan-Han historical culture and tourism culture


INTRODUCTION
cell-based tissue engineering strategies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may help to augment tendon healing. To further investigate the in-vitro behavior of this cell population, we investigated low oxygen culture levels, and growth factor supplementation and their effect on expression of tendon extracellular proteins and cell proliferation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
bone marrow aspirate (BMA) was harvested during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Characterized hMSCs derived from BMA were incorporated into 3-dimensional tissue engineered constructs (TECs). TECs were analyzed by frozen sections with immunohistochemistry for cell density, collagen I and collagen III expression.

RESULTS
growth factor stimulation and low oxygen increased cell density within TECs. Low oxygen and addition of growth factors to culture media demonstrated an increase in collagen I and III expression, both in ambient oxygen conditions and low oxygen conditions.

CONCLUSION
low oxygen and TGFβ3 demonstrated a positive effect on cell number, and type I and III collagen expression in 3D culture environments.


The invention discloses a digital PFC control system for power source products. The digital PFC control system is composed of an air switch, an EMC filter, a rectifier bridge, a BOOST circuit and a DSPIC single chip microcomputer. The input end of the EMC filter is connected with an input power source through the air switch, and the output end of the EMC filter is connected with the input end of the BOOST circuit through the rectifier bridge. The DSPIC single chip microcomputer is connected with the control end of the BOOST circuit, the DSPIC single chip microcomputer samples an input voltage, an input current and an output voltage from the BOOST circuit, and the DSPIC single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM signal to the BOOST circuit by digital signal processing and controls the BOOST circuit. The digital PFC control system for power source products has the advantages of being high in stability, capable of achieving online programming, simple in circuit, convenient to debug, high in flexibility, low in cost, capable of realizing load sudden change control, excellent in performance, capable of obviously increasing the PF value and the THD value of a system circuit and the like.


THE American Medical Association was born in the middle of the 19th century, when almost all physicians were general practitioners, virtually indistinguishable from one another. Now, with more than 100 specialties and subspecialties, the center of the medical profession is not holding. Aside from the M.D. degree, what do a psychiatrist and a pathologist have in common? A public health physician and an anesthesiologist? A specialist in nuclear medicine and an ophthalmologist? In years past, with medical knowledge expanding, everyone had enough to do that turf wars were minimal. Now, with medical supply exceeding demand, with nonmedical healers wanting to . . .


thought legitimate insofar as the uses furthered industrial development. One benefit of Horwitz's analysis is that, if constitutional doctrine is embedded in the evolution of private law, some of the apparent anomalies of past Supreme Court Justices' positions dissolve, or appear in quite a different light (e.g., Story's Charles River Bridge dissent, and his aims in Swift v. Tyson). Another benefit, especially for those interested in current issues of public policy and law such as environmental protection, consumer protection and the law of negligence, is the curtain lifted on earlier, eighteenth-century conceptions of juridical purposes and processes that have much in common with arguments and values being pushed in "post-industrial" litigation today. Also, and particularly for those of a radical persuasion, there is the benefit of having, at last, a sophisticated treatment of how American law came to be "exploitative." To say this is to point to the book's two chief limitations—its almost exclusive focus on the law's transformations in the North Atlantic states, and its "driving explanation" of judicial behavior. With respect to the first, Horwitz can insist that the northeast is where the transformations crucial to his concerns occurred. Nonetheless, something more about the development (or nondevelopment) of southern and (middle) western law other than the book's occasional sallies into South Carolina and Virginia jurisprudence might have proved helpful. There is, thus, no discussion of the connection between the law of slavery and the law of commercial development. Yet such a discussion might, in the contrast, have made North Atlantic developments appear somewhat less exploitative. For-and this reaches the second limitation— what explains for Horwitz the transformations is an alliance between judges and lawyers which, forged in the early years of the Republic, managed to put most of the costs of development on those who were not entrepreneurs.


The readily available comprehensive evaluation index system is analyzed to indicate its semantic concepts,and the document of index system is also pretreated. The concepts of indicators and the relationships among the indicators are all extracted. Based on these concepts and relationships,a basic ontology is constructed. Then a concept lattice on the basis ontology is obtained,and its concept description is further enriched. Finally,this concept lattice is converted into the domain ontology by using the methods and tools of formal concept analysis.


Along with the development of higher education institutions merging trend, the problems of the personnel system of the newly merged and up-graded university library. In order to promote the sustainable and rapid development of such libraries, this paper has suggested that the newly merged and up-graded university libraries should set up a perfect system of personnel management to promote university library development..


The low economic growth experienced by Jamaica over the past twenty years has ignited the debate about the appropriate level of the Government's involvement in the economy. In this regard, the paper uses a nonlinear regression model as well as an error correction model to determine the optimal level of Government's spending that maximizes economic growth for the country. The study utilizes quarterly data from 1993 to 2016. Based on the results, the paper finds that the optimal level of Government expenditure that maximizes economic growth for Jamaica is 33.2 per cent of total output. This result is 4.6 per cent of GDP greater than the average level of Government expenditure in Jamaica. Accordingly, the findings supports the proposition that a less austere level of Government spending in Jamaica can result in an improvement in economic growth. JEL Classification: E62 and F63


Purpose
This paper aims to gain insight in how the involvement of facilities management (FM) and clinical employees are practiced in new Norwegian hospital projects and to study the benefits and lessons learned from the involvement.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is conducted by cross-sectional case studies of eight hospital projects by using a literature review, interviews and document studies of FM and clinical employees and project leaders (PLs) among Sykehusbygg.

Findings
The service design approach with a structured interaction between the PL's of Sykehusbygg, and the different disciplines of clinical employees and FM specialist was rewarding and efficient. The facilitator role of Sykehusbygg is essential to manage such a broad and complex involvement process using a wide range of various techniques at the different stages of the projects (dialogue meetings, review meetings, workshops, post-it notes, 2-D drawings, mock-up and 3-D models, as well as virtual reality (VR) and Building Information Modeling technology). The clinical employees' framework is stronger and much more structured than the involvement of FM competences through the different stages of the projects. The property management competences were involved at the early concept phase and design phase, whereas the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) competences were getting involved through the construction and commissioning phase. The value of FM involvement in all stages of the project is seen beneficial, particularly when the FM specialist become a part of the design team and located physically at the same place. The main reported benefits of early FM involvement are cost-effective technical solutions and installations, less design flaws and improved functionality, as well as a stronger ownership and mutual respect between the clinical and FM disciplines. However, not all hospital organizations see the benefits of the FM involvement of all stages, as they are driven by reducing capital cost. In one of the new projects, other ways of involving the FM competences were tested. Additionally, particularly for the O&M competences, a dialogue meeting with a clear focus of sharing experiences with different technical solution was found rewarding in terms of cost benefits.

Research limitations/implications
This study does not consider the social impact of the choices made in the design phase. The findings also indicated a certain development of the FM involvement. This is not studied in two of the newest projects where they are still in the design phase and the FM role was not interviewed.

Practical implications
The PL role is important as a facilitator role of the involvement process.

Social implications
A dialogue meeting with a group of O&M people was found rewarding and valuable for knowledge sharing. This methodology can be further developed and tested, as this group of stakeholders is not always available for giving input in the project.

Originality/value
The value of this study is the description of the interaction between the PLs and the hospital organization in the eight projects and lessons learned by the involvement of FM competences and clinical employees.


Abstract : Design and analysis of an improved 25mm high explosive incendiary (HEI) projectile is discussed. Improved performance is accomplished by configuration changes which reduce projectile weight, improve aerodynamic performance, and increase the high explosive material. The improvements are achieved by thinning the projectile walls, by the choice of material, heat treat, and incorporation of a plastic rotating band. The design and analytical work performed in developing this improved projectile are reviewed.


An investigation of acoustical properties of soil covered with live grass is presented. Measurements of normal surface impedance of such samples have been performed over a 200–2000 Hz frequency band using a vertical impedance tube. A phenomenological model is used to predict acoustic properties of the samples. In this work, the samples are considered as a three-component system: soil, grass roots, and foliage. Acoustic impedance of this composite material has components resulting from the different constituent elements. In order to differentiate the acoustic absorption contribution of each element, grass that was controlled for both water content and grass blade height was grown. The acoustic contribution of the soil was determined by performing measurements on unseeded ground with an equivalent watering protocol. Contributions of the roots and foliage were determined by making impedance measurements before and after shearing the mature foliage near the soil surface. The effect of water content in the soi...


Background: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are the result of underlying psychopathology and ineffective coping responses. People with PNES represent a significant proportion of admissions to diagnostic epilepsy units. Nurses who are new or inexperienced working in epilepsy units are unaware of the presence of patients who have PNES and as result, are unprepared to provide individualized nursing care to this patient group. Purpose: The purpose of this practicum was to develop a self-directed PNES learning module for nurses to augment the current nurse orientation education with an aim of developing PNES knowledge and sensitivity in nurses before they are assigned their first patient. Methods: Three methodologies were used and completed in this practicum which included an environmental scan, a review of the literature and consultations with key stakeholders. Results: The self-directed PNES learning module was composed of three units which included explanations of key terms essential to nursing care and engagement of the patient who has PNES. Themes of advocacy and compassion are central to the body of work. Conclusion: The goal of the practicum was achieved in its delivery of a resource which provides a means to resolve the learning needs of novice or inexperienced nurses transferring into diagnostic epilepsy units. The practicum has produced a tangible means to improve the nursing care provided to patients who have PNES by developing competency and sensitivity in nurses tasked with providing individualized care to these patients.


In spite of studies on scientific development's assessment at home and abroad have achieved certain results,many can not accurately and fully reflect the characteristics of the scientific development in the face of regional rapid economic development.Therefore,the further study on comprehensive evaluation of scientific development is necessary.Latest research results of scientific development at home and abroad are tracked,combining with the emergence of new trends,by which characteristics of comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable development are analyzed,index system is constructed,and comparative studies of methods for evaluation are carried out.


Recently, by using quantized Berry phases, a prescription for a local characterization of gapped topological insulators has been given (Hatsugai 2006 Preprint cond-mat/0603230). It requires that the ground state is gapped and is invariant under some anti-unitary operation. A spin liquid which is realized as a unique ground state of the Heisenberg spin system with frustrations is a typical target system, since pairwise exchange couplings are always time-reversal invariants even with frustrations. As for a generic Heisenberg model with a finite excitation gap, we locally modify the Hamiltonian by a continuous SU(2) twist only at a specific link and define the Berry connection by the derivative. Then the Berry phase evaluated by the entire many-spin wavefunction is used to define the local topological order parameter at the link. We numerically apply this scheme for several spin liquids and show its physical validity. For example, it implies that the Haldane phase of the S = 1 chains is characterized by uniform π quantized Berry phases.


The bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft is associated with difficulty kneeling following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, however it is unclear whether it results in a more painful or symptomatic knee when compared to the hamstring tendon autograft. This study aimed to identify the rate of significant knee pain and difficulty kneeling following primary ACL reconstruction and clarify whether graft type influences the risk of these complications.Primary ACL reconstructions prospectively recorded in the New Zealand ACL Registry between April 2014 and November 2019 were analyzed. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was analyzed to identify patients who reported significant knee pain, defined as a KOOS Pain subscale score of ≤72 points, and kneeling difficulty, defined as a patient who reported "severe" or "extreme" difficulty when they kneel. The rate of knee pain and kneeling difficulty was compared between graft types via univariate Chi-square test and multivariate binary logistic regression with adjustment for patient demographics.4492 primary ACL reconstructions were analyzed. At 2-year follow-up, 9.3% of patients reported significant knee pain (420/4492) and 12.0% reported difficulty with kneeling (537/4492). Patients with a BTB autograft reported a higher rate of kneeling difficulty compared to patients with a hamstring tendon autograft (21.3% versus 9.4%, adjusted odds ratio = 3.12, p<0.001). There was no difference between graft types in the rate of significant knee pain (9.9% versus 9.2%, p = 0.49) or when comparing absolute values of the KOOS Pain (mean score for BTB = 88.7 versus 89.0, p = 0.37) and KOOS Symptoms subscales (mean score for BTB = 82.5 versus 82.1, p = 0.49).The BTB autograft is a risk factor for post-operative kneeling difficulty, but it does not result in a more painful or symptomatic knee when compared to the hamstring tendon autograft.


The present article intends to report its author's investigation of the residual dynamics left over in spinach, such as those of cypermethrin, fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil in in the open-field conditions according to the state standard vegetable-growing regulations. For our research purpose, we have analyzed residues of four pesticides left over by GC (Gas Chromatograph) with ECD or NPD, with the investigation results showing that the degradation rates in autumn spinach prove noticeably different with the above-said pesticides. However, the same trend can be observed with the results that their residues would have been decreasing over time after spraying. Based on the recommended dose and double dose, the half-life of chlorpyrifos residue in the spinach was 3.95 d and 4.61 d, 5.03 d and 5.88 d for cypermethrin, 5.26 d and 7.22 d for fenvalerate, 2.63 d and 3.39 d for chlorothalonil, respectively. Among the four kinds of pesticides observed, the half-life of cypermethrin is longest, while that of chlorothalonil is shortest. Therefore, when using pesticides in spinach growing, it is essential to consider the half-life of pesticides to be used, which should be in conformity with the recommended pre-harvest interval (PHI) prior to the harvest time strictly, in order to meet the requirements of the qualitative safety standard with the least pesticide pollution to the spinach.


Rallies against sexual harassment in Tahir Square, the visceral expression of public anger against the Delhi bus rape, and the surprise support in Israel's 2013 election for Yair Lapid's Social Justice Party, "There's a Future," winning second place in the Knesset on a platform of injustice and inequality, are but a few recent examples of a cycle of dissent spreading its wings. The push back from the under-thirty risk-takers, who see no future in a status quo world, is at the core of this turbulence. Many are university graduates, they are tech savvy but jobless. The immediate danger for the movement and for researchers is that the effects of social media are being oversold by its champions, while paradoxically, its transformative capacity and full potential remains underutilized and misunderstood. It is something of a cliche to point out the obvious that 'the revolution cannot be tweeted' and that people are at the epicentre of all this change, not new information technology. But, the global use of social media technology makes possible mass messaging and mass mobilization on an unparalleled scale, and this definitely is a transformative change that is innovative, irreversible and far-reaching. Web 2.0 is a high-powered system of mass messaging that has transformed millions into active producers of information and ideas. Code 2.0 is the hardwired infrastructure, which runs the World Wide Web and creates the unique communications environment that puts the user in the driver's seat with a virtual megaphone (Lessig, 1999). What is more, they have devised new ways to occupy public space and construct common goals. The enigma addressed in this chapter is what sustains these broad social movements in the post 9/11 world both theoretically and practically? Has globalization entered into a long cycle of dissent?


The practice of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) enables clinicians to integrate the individual patient situation, clinical expertise, and the best available evidence for quality patient care. A pilot series of tutorials in which students were guided through the EBM process to answer clinical questions focused on a patient seen in a clinical attachment are highlighted.