AbstractDemarketing basically refers to when a company discourage its customers to buy the product produced by them. This paper shows that demarketing can be a profitable alternative when differentiation through product improvements is not cost effective. Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his or her image. Behavior is the process of responding to stimuli. Consumer behavior is to do with the activities of individuals in obtaining and using the goods and services, it compasses the decision making process that proceeds and determines purchases. The decisions are simply automated by the influence of marketers.The demarketing is a 360° process including demand, supply, profit, satisfaction and development and again the concept is to maximize the profit against the mass demand by discouraging the consumer, where ever sometime this demarketing process will hamper the organization and vanish the positioning from the consumer mind. As it is a parallel process of marketing with suppliers and consumer both, the demarketing decision will be definitely vital for the organization.Keywords: Denmarketing, Consumers, Sustainability.IntroductionDemarketing activities discourage demand. This stands in sharp contrast to the objectives of marketing: create utility and enhance exchanges. In their provocative article "Demarketing, Yes, Demarketing," Kotier and Levy distinguish three types of demarketing situations.General demarketing: It occurs when a seller shrinks the level of total demand. Suppliers of electricity and water use advertisements and publicity campaigns during periods of excess demand.Selective demarketing: It occurs when a company discourages demand for certain classes of consumers. Adult communities demarket properties to families with children and producers of goods with a snob appeal avoid lowimage retailers.Ostensible demarketing: It occurs when a seller creates an artificial or perceived shortage to whet consumer appetites. Limited distribution of goods may induce consumers to stockpile these "hard-to-get" items.A Changing Marketing OrientationThe functions of marketing have characteristically emphasized the task of creating and maintaining demand in an environment of abundance. However, recent changes in the business environment have focused attention on a wider range of marketing tasks which include that of reducing overfull demand or demarketing. Marketing management's strategy response during times of shortages tends to vary considerably depending upon the company's perception of the severity or permanence of the shortages. Despite temporary pressure on the relevance of a marketing approach, it is generally believed that marketing will remain an essential part of management decision making and emerge in a healthier form.To assess the nature and extent of re-orientation necessary to develop effective marketing management in the increasingly dynamic business environment, it is valuable to reconsider the central elements of marketing philosophy. These elements are: an integrated approach, a customer orientation and long-term profitability in relation to customer satisfaction.An Integrated ApproachMarketing has been characterized as the management of change with respect to opportunity assessment in the market and the integration of change into organizational decision processes. After some months of shortage-related marketing problems, however, it is apparent that it is change, both extensive and rapid, which marketers have not been readily able to integrate into existing marketing orientations and strategy.In reacting to this change, it is important that the marketing programs chosen for implementation consider long-term effects as well as the more identifiable short-term effects. Likewise, the demarketing situation requires that a firm knows more, not less, about the effects of its action on its relationship with customer. …


Surface passivation of high mobility semiconductors such as InGaAs is a crucial bottleneck towards their integration in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. The chemical structure and band offsets of InGaAs-Al2O3 with different passivations were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Pre-deposition forming gas plasma treatment is shown to significantly improve the chemistry of S-passivated InGaAs surface, on which the Al2O3 is deposited by the molecular atomic deposition technique. Moreover, the change in the surface chemistry was found to correlate with a difference of 0.8 eV in the band offsets at the interface. This may offer insights on Fermi level pinning in such systems.


An interesting alternative introduced in some treatment plants consists of using GAC filtration without regeneration, taking benefit of the activity of microbial communities colonizing the GAC particle (AWWA, 1981; Bablon et al., 1986). In fact, this biological filtration has the advantage of specifically removing biodegradable compounds - the most undesirable fraction of DOC - in order to avoid bacterial regrowth in distribution networks. In order to improve the understanding of the processes involved in biological filtration and to derive guidelines for a rational management of these filters, extensive studies were conducted in the three plants of the Syndicat des Eaux d'Ile de France, located in the Parisian suburbs (Choisy-le-Roi, Mery-sur-Oise, Neuilly-sur-Marne). Experimental pilots and full scale filters were used for these studies. The first objective of this paper is to summarize the major data gained during these studies on biological GAC filters (Servais et al., 1991a & b, 1992a; Bouillot et al., 1992), and the second one is to present a model of biological filters functioning used in drinking water treatment (the Chabrol model), which has been developed to relate the macroscopic functioning of biological filters used for eliminating dissolved organic matter in drinking-water treatment, to the kinetics of the basic microbiological processes involved (Billen et al., 1992).


Objective: The research aimed to study on the breeding method of the High-yieldGABA(γaminobutyric acid) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by NTG Mutagenesis.Methods: The strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mutated by NTG,and then were cultured on YEPD medium plate with bromocresol green to screen the mutants.The GABA production in fermentation broth of mutant strains were determined by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.In order to determine the hereditary character of the GABA-producing mutants,after four generations of successive culture,the GABA production in fermentation broth of mutant strains were measured.Results: The optimum concentration of NTG for mutation was 1.0 g.L-1 and the optimum time was 15 min.Five mutants of the characteristics overproducing GABA were screened out.The typical colonies of mutants were green.In contrast with parent strains,the GABA production by the mutants were increased largely,and were different with each other.The highly GABA-producing mutant 4 was stable through the experiment of genetic stability.Conclusion:;A mutant Yeast strain overproducing GABA was screened from its parent strain by 1.0 g.L-1 NTG mutation for 15 min.


OBJECTIVE
To establish the theories and methods to determine solubility parameters of multiple components for the traditional Chinese material medica (TCMM) with HPLC.

METHOD
The mathematical expresses to determin the solubility parameters were established according to chromatographic and Hildebrand-Scatchard theories, The HPLC experiments were carried out at 40 degrees C on an Alltech Apollo C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetone and water in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min(-1), and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The injection volume was 1 0 microL.

RESULT
The mathematical expresses between the retention time and the solubility parameters were established and used to determin caffeine solubility parameter as 28.31 J(1/2) cm(-3/2) in accordance with 28.84 J(1/2) cm(-3/2) reported by literature, and those of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, physcione as 39.70 J(1/2) cm(-3/2), 39.08 J(1/2) cm(-3/2), 38.37 J(1/2) cm(-3/2), 36.42 J(1/2) cm(-3/2) respectively.

CONCLUSION
The retention time of HPLC can be used to determine the solubility parameters of multiple componets. The established method is useful for the compatibility rule study of traditional Chinese medicine.


Introduction . Pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women isa special period requiring intensified care performedby the multidisciplinary therapeutic team. Maintainingthe recommended rigorous glycemic control is crucialcondition for the correct development of the foetus,and the mother's health. The menu of pregnant diabeticpatients should provide them with all essentialdiet nutrients. Among them, carbohydrates affectblood glucose level the most strongly. Not only theiramount, but also type and distribution are important. Material and methods . The study group consisted of32 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. All patientswere treated with intensive insulin therapy with theuse of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).In all cases we evaluated: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),body weight, daily intake of carbohydrates, the adherenceto the dietary recommendations concerning theamount of carbohydrates intake (per day) — at thetime of diagnosis of pregnancy, in 24th and 36th weekof pregnancy as well as 8 weeks after childbirth. Therecommended carbohydrate intake was calculated individuallyfor each patient and accounted for 40–45%of the daily energy demand. The consumption of therecommended amount of carbohydrates was assessedas 100% adherence. The information about carbohydrateintake in each trimester and after childbirth,was obtained from the computer program used toread data from the personal insulin pump and frompatients self-monitoring diaries. Results . Recommended daily carbohydrate intake forthe entire study group was approx. 205.6 ± 34.2 g ofcarbohydrates. The adherence to the recommendationsassessed in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester and 8 weeks afterchildbirth was: 82.8 ± 28.3%, 91.1 ± 29.7%, 97.3 ±± 34.8%, 69.9 ± 32.6%, respectively (p < 0.00001).After birth, breastfeeding subjects consumed 60.2 ±± 24.5% of the recommended carbohydrate intake,while for non-breastfeeding subjects it was 91.4 ±± 38.9% (p = 0.01). Subjects with normal body weightbefore pregnancy followed the recommendation inthe 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester and 8 weeks after birthin 73.4 ± 19.9%, 83.4 ± 23.7%, 91.2 ± 30.2%, 63.4 ±± 25.3%, respectively, while overweight subjects in111.0 ± 32.1%, 114.5 ± 34.9%, 115.8 ± 42.9%, 89.8 ±± 44.7%, respectively. Conclusion . Pregnant type 1 diabetic women withnormal body weight before pregnancy consumedless carbohydrates than recommended. Complianceconcerning dietary recommendations significantly differedin particular trimesters and 8 weeks after birth.We observed a statistically significant decrease in theadherence to the recommendation after pregnancy.Breastfeeding subjects consumed less carbohydratesthan non-breastfeeding. Overweight subjects consumedmore carbohydrates than recommended.


This paper is concerned with the relationship between the group G of all symmetries of an unconstrained dynamical system and the space of its quantum states. The chief aim is to establish the validity of the claim that "quantizing a system" means deciding what G is and determining all projective unitary representations of G. The mathematical tool suited to this purpose is the theory of central extensions of an arbitrary group G by the circle group T (and the closely related cohomology group H2 (G, T)). The fundamental structural property is that there is a universal state space embedding all states, a unitary representation space of the universal central extension of G, on which the Pontryagin dual H2 (G, T)⋆ of H2 (G, T) operates as a group of su-perselection rules, so that the superselection sectors are and observables are self-adjoint operators Vh → Vh. This leads to a classification of time-evolution operators respecting the symmetries by H2 (G, T) and a general understanding of "anomalies" as arising from a mismatch of sectors to which symmetry transformations and time-evolution refer. For the special case of a Lie group G of symmetries, of G coincides with the universal covering group, if G is semisimple. More generally, depending on whether or not G is semisimple and/or simply connected, inequivalent quantizations are of topological, algebraic or "mixed" origin; in the algebraic case, the relationship between anomalous conservation laws and invariant dynamics is explicitly given. Illustrative examples worked out include the Euclidean group E (d) and the (connected) Poincare group P (d, 1) for arbitrary spatial dimension d and the discrete groups (Z/N)2 and Z2 appropriate for planar square crystals — in particular, the absence of "fractional" angular momentum in the plane is established and the difficulties specific to (2,1)-dimensional quantum field theories precisely formulated. The paper concludes by noting that a number of ambiguities generally supposed to affect traditional procedures of quantization resolve themselves satisfactorily in this approach. Mathematically, the paper is self-contained as far as the concepts and results are concerned; occasionally, proofs of well-known facts are reworked when they serve to illustrate the value of the symmetry point of view. The theory of universal central extensions of groups, including important special cases, is treated in detail in an appendix by M. S. Raghunathan, in view of its significance for quantization and the absence of a similar account in the literature.


CCDPACK is a package of programs for reducing CCD-like data. They allow you to debias, remove dark current, flatfield, register, resample and normalize data from singleor multipleCCD instruments. CCDPACK is designed to help you to reduce your data easily. The basic reduction stages can be set up using an X based GUI that controls an automated reduction system. The GUI is designed to allow you to start working without any detailed knowledge of the package (or indeed of CCD reduction). Registration is performed using graphical, script based or automated techniques that help reduce the amount of work to a minimum. This document is intended for all users of CCDPACK. It provides instruction in how to use CCDPACK, describes CCD reduction in general and contains complete descriptions of the individual programs. iii SUN/139.18—


As silicon is a promising candidate for low cost integrated optical applications the monolithical integration of photodetectors is of major interest. Photodetectors for long wavelength operation have been realized on silicon as discrete devices [l] and in combination with SOI-waveguides [2], having waveguide losses around ldB/cm. Recently, the losses of SiGe-waveguides already reported in [3][4] could be reduced to 0.5dB/cm [5]. In this work the efficient coupling between a SiGe-waveguide and a SiGe-detector is reported, which is a key component for integrated optics. Optical coherent applications, for example, then benefit from the low reflection coefficient at the waveguide/ photodetector transition.


Royal Spectacles in Stockholm, German-born Joseph Martin Kraus, was surprised on the occasion of his twenty-seventh birthday by a group of Swedish friends who catered a dinner party that included, according to a letter the composer wrote to his parents, three bottles of Arrack, a liter of brandy, and an unspecified number of bottles of wine and beer. These well-wishers also left Kraus to pay the bill, which was at once an inauguration into the sort of Anacreonic society of creative artists illustrated by Johan Tobias Sergel and championed by poet Carl Michael Bellman, as well as his introduction to a close circle Milk Maids, Triptychs, and Voices Beyond the Grave The "Unsung" Collaborations between Carl Michael Bellman and Joseph Martin Kraus


Music Education is a part of the Primary School curriculum in Spain. Students get only 45 min per week organized by group lessons. Thus, it is complicated for teachers to give individualized attention. Additionally, learning to play an instrument is difficult with the current method. In this paper, we propose a methodology and the development of a digital tool as a complement to learn flute at home, in a persuasive and guided manner, using the virtual teacher metaphor. Students can listen to the selected repertoire, recording their performances and receiving advices from their devices (smartphone or tablet). Finally, the teacher will receive feedback for the evolution of each student in order to offer individual advice in the classroom.


Introduction Recently, computational chemistry made great impacts on the catalyst design and development. However, the computational chemistry is mainly employed to clarify the atomistic mechanism of the well-known catalytic reactions and to obtain the electronic information on the catalysts of which property and reactivity are well known experimentally. We suggested that such traditional computational chemistry can not contribute to the design and development of new catalysts at all. Hence, we recently introduced a concept of combinatorial chemistry used in the drug development to computational chemistry and proposed a new concept "Combinatorial Computational Chemistry" . In this concept, the computational chemistry is employed to perform a high-throughput screening of the catalysts including active metals, supports, and additives. On the other hand, the synthesis of the high-quality transportation fuels is expected in terms of the high-efficient utilization of the energy and low environmental impact. The development of high-active and high-selective catalysts with highresistance to sulfur for methanol synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is strongly demanded in order to advance the industry of the high-quality transportation fuels. Recently Koizumi and coworkers reported that a lot of metal sulfide catalysts have high activity for the CO hydrogenation process 4 and especially Rh sulfide has the highest activity and predominantly produces methanol . Moreover, they found that the Rh sulfide catalyst is not deactivated by the H2S, while regular methanol synthesis catalyst Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 is easily deactivated by the H2S . Moreover, they also reported that the products of the CO hydrogenation process are strongly depending on the metal species of the metal sulfide catalysts . For example, Rh and Pd sulfides selectively produce methanol in the CO hydrogenation, while Re and Os sulfides predominantly produce hydrocarbons. We have already applied our combinatorial computational chemistry approach to the design of the methanol synthesis catalysts based on the Cu/ZnO and the Fischer-Tropsch catalysts based on the supported Fe metals and have succeeded to propose new catalysts and additives . Hence, we have confirmed the applicability of our combinatorial computational chemistry approach to the catalyst design. In the present study, we applied our combinatorial computational chemistry based on the first-principles approach to the metal sulfide catalysts and investigated the dependency of the metal species in the metal sulfide catalysts to the CO hydrogenation process and its products on the electronic level.


It is nearly fifteen years since Whitehead published his comprehensive and authoritative book Dielectric Breakdown in Solid Insulation. At that time it was believed that each solid homogeneous dielectric possessed an intrinsic electric strength which was a physical constant of the substance, adequately accounted for by existing theories. Recent work has demonstrated the optimistic nature of this belief, and an account is given in this article of the present state of knowledge.


Saffron is one of the most valuable agricultural product, as its stigma is one of the most expensive spice in the world. This perennial plant is local to Iran, and Khorasan province farmers are the main suppliers of this product in the world. Lack of quality from microbial and appearance points of view is the most challenge in exporting this product. Another aspect of saffron global marketing is packaging quality to maintain the product quality. In this study three Nano-composite films containing three percent by weight of different nanoparticles including, silver, zinc oxide and combined zinc oxide and silver were provided to effects on quality of saffron. To check and ensure the structure and pattern of Nano-particles distribution in polymer matrix, some photos were taken by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These photos fairly confirmed the evenly distribution of nanoparticles in the films. Quality study was performed on packed saffron with temperatures of 25 °C during 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks. The results showed that a combination of zinc and silver oxide nanocomposites played a significant role in maintaining the qualitative index (crocin, picocrocin and safranal).


A first-principles study on the quasiparticles energy and optical absorption spectrum of fluorographene is presented by employing the GW + Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) method with many-electron effects included. The calculated band gap is increased from 3.0 eV to 7.3 eV by the GW approximation. Moreover, the optical absorption spectrum of fluorographene is dominated by enhanced excitonic effects. The prominent absorption peak is dictated by bright resonant excitons around 9.0 eV that exhibit a strong charge transfer character, shedding light on the exciton condensation and relevant optoelectronic applications. At the same time, the lowest-lying exciton at 3.8 eV with a binding energy of 3.5 eV is identified, which gives rise to explanation of the recent ultraviolet photoluminescence experiment.


Introduction The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism and investment efficiency, to inform managers, investors and professional accounting bodies about the good quality of accounting conservatism as a qualitative characteristic of accounting information. Conservatism is expected (1) to improve the monitoring process over managerial investment decisions, decreasing investment in settings where managers are likely to over-invest, and (2) to facilitate the access to external financing at lower cost, increasing investment in settings where managers are likely to under-invest. This study highlights the informational benefits of conservatism, which is predicted to reduce information asymmetries. We find that more conservative firms are less likely to overand under-invest.


Firstly the current situation and demand of power wireless communication was analyzed, and the technical characteristics of a variety of wireless communication applicated in the area of distribution were summarized, then, Considering strict requirement for QoS, high data rate, mass uplink data, and a large number of users, a solution based on TD-LTE Technology is purposed for 230MHz broadband wireless transmission. Therefore, MIMO, OFDMA and Carrier Aggregation Technology are all improved to realize the broadband wireless transmission of power communication under the condition of discrete, narrowband carrier.


Thank you very much for downloading english for presentations at international conferences. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this english for presentations at international conferences, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


The work described in this report represents an effort to better understand the link between urban form and travel behavior and to evaluate the potential effectiveness of land use policies as a strategy for reducing automobile dependence. This work builds on previous research in this area but attempts to go beyond it by exploring the motivations for travel as well as the patterns of travel. Travel surveys and focus groups were used to study the travel choices of residents of six case study neighborhoods in Austin, Texas. The results suggest that the role urban form plays in travel behavior is not entirely straightforward, sometimes influencing travel choices directly, sometimes indirectly, sometimes influencing choices in the short term, sometimes in the long term, and sometimes not having any measurable influence on choices at all. In the end, it appears that certain land use policies can help to provide alternatives to driving, but that the reduction in driving is likely to be small.


We previously proposed a rotation-spreading neural network (R-SAN net). This neural net can recognize the orientation of an object irrespective of its shape, and its shape irrespective of its orientation. The R-SAN net is suitable for orientation recognition of a concentric circular pattern such as an iris image. Previously, variations of ambient lighting conditions affected iris detection. In this study, we introduce brightness normalization for accuracy improvement of iris detection in various lighting conditions. Brightness normalization provides high accuracy iris extraction in severe lighting conditions. A recognition experiment investigated the characteristics of rotation and shape recognition for both learned and un-learned iris images in various plane rotations. The R-SAN net recognized the rotation angle for the learned iris images in arbitrary orientation, but not for un-learned iris images. Thus, the variation of the rotation angle was corrected only for learned irises, but not un-learned irises. Although the R-SAN net rightly recognized the learned irises, it could not completely reject the un-learned irises as unregistered irises. Using the specific orientation recognition characteristics of the R-SAN net, a minimum distance was introduced as a new shape recognition criterion for the R-SAN net. In consequence, the R-SAN net combined with the minimum distance rightly recognized both learned (registered) and un-learned irises; the unregistered irises were correctly rejected.


In this paper we study the e ect of the frequency reuse constraints in both layers on the optimum channel allocation for a multi-cell/multi-spotbeam hybrid system. We adopt a speci c multi-faceted cost function that incorporates call-dropping due to unsuccessful hand-o attempts, and blocking of new calls. The minimization of the cost function is attempted by choosing the optimal split of the total number of channels between the cellular and the satellite layers. This complex optimization problem is solved by means of standard clock simulation techniques along with the adaptive partitioned random search global optimization technique and the ordinal optimization approach.


The decline of deciduous woodland populations of Anemone hepatica L. in southern Sweden is documented and possible causes are discussed. The study was based on (1) re- investigations of 6.25 km2 grid-squares first studied in 1938- 1970, (2) distribution of A. hepatica in woodland sites with well-known soil chemical properties and (3) a detailed study over 12 consecutive years into the relationships between bio- logical characteristics of the species (number of individuals, vegetative development, flowering frequency) and environ- mental variables (temperature, precipitation), soil chemistry and time. There was a close relationship between soil acidity (pH, solubility of Al 3+ ) and both distribution and biological characteristics. The biological variables declined significantly over time but were not related to climatic variability. Increas- ing soil acidity and Al3+ solubility are concluded to be the main factors responsible for the decline of A. hepatica in S. Swedish deciduous woodlands.


This survey permitted to make hydrological balance of the lake Nokoue and to know quality physico-chemical of the waters of the lake in order to offer the basis elements for a future ecological modeling of the system. The results of hydrological balance show that the average of the flow of the soft waters received by the lake in period of high waters is 216m3/s essentially brought by the Oueme stream, the longest stream of Benin that crosses the country from the north to the south. This value falls to 49m3/s in dry season with 86% of the flow brought by the So river in dry season. In dry season, the So at Ganvie has the most important rate of organic load (53% DBO). For the phosphorus in dry season, the highest rate is gotten at the level of strongest rate is gotten at the level of Oueme stream at Totche (42%). In the period of high waters (from August to October) a dilution effect of the contribution is observed. In term of nutrient loads brought by purification systems, the results obtained are 360kg/j-P and 840 kg/j - N for Cotonou and Calavi and 150 kg/j- P and 700 kg/j-N for Ganvie. The contributions of "Acadjas " give 2,3 - 2,9 kg/j P and 29 - 36 N kg/j. The main results obtained for the physico-chemical for characterization are presented as follows: * a very remarkable saline intrusion in dry season, So at Ganvie the value passes from 0g/L in period of high waters to 2,5g/L in dry season, * the average pH varies between 6,6 and 7,5 for the waters of the bottom and between 6,9 and 7,8 for the waters of surface of the lake. The pH varies very little between the bottom of the lake and its surface, * the values of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are extensively high than the limited values indicated by the system of classification by the Organization of Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD). The waters of the lake are therefore eutropheses. We notice a seasonal evolution of the system. According to the factors of control hyacinths of waters, it is concluded that nutrients control the development of hyacinths when the salinity doesn't inhibit the growth of hyacinths anymore; that means of July to January.


In 1995, the World Trade Organization bound member countries to new standards of foreign trademark protection. Developed countries were given a year to bring their national trademark regimes into compliance. Other countries were allowed from 5 to 11 years. In the past 7 years, governments have taken many steps to reach compliance. Nonetheless, many countries fall short of the envisaged global norm. To better understand the challenges of the past several years, the authors focus on the state of national trademark regimes on the eve of the establishment of the World Trade Organization. The authors particularly address how contagion influence, resource constraints, and xenophobia affected treaty participation, domestic trademark law, application processing, and the relative treatment of foreign and domestic applications. The authors analyze data for 62 countries, which suggest that distinct patterns of foreign trademark protection existed for developed countries, newly industrialized countries, less developed countries, and transitional economies. The authors explain the managerial implications of these findings and argue that there is evidence that countries are moving toward global norms in trademark protection. However, an international treaty is the beginning, not the end, of this process.


This article suggests that instructors can vastly improve the learning in their class-rooms by focusing not solely on content but also on the communication process itself. The advantage in so doing is to access productive means of dealing with disruptive and difficult comments such as groupist remarks, uninformed opinions, and random guesses. Establishing a dual-focus classroom-one that legitimizes both content and process-allows professors to focus directly on faulty communication patterns and to use this approach as yet another means to enhance student learning.


For the adaptation of our sports consumption market, we research on the three promulgated rulebooks of cheerleading rules.Also we watched many video tapes of cheerleading matches about China and the USA. We think only in this way can we develop the cheerleading well. This will promote popularization and development of cheerleading movement.


Gear is an important part of power transmission machineries. Gear tooth normally fails at its root, due to excessive bending stress concentration at the fillet area of root. Many researchers worked in this area, and suggested number of methods to improve the bending strength of tooth of gear. A detailed study of various methods employed to calculate and optimise the critical stress of the system gear tooth root fillet profile. Several suggestions like circular root fillet instead of trochoidal root fillet, asymmetric involute type as an alternative to non involute teeth etc have been suggested by various authors. After going through the entire literature it is conclude that finite element analysis using ANSYS is more popularly used by researchers in this area. After present study, it is proposed that mat lab simulink may be employed in this field.


The asymmetry of stock market volatility has existed for a long time. Most of the early scholars' research on this phenomenon is based on the assumption of efficient market. In recent years, with the development and deepening of behavioral finance theory, psychological factors have been added to the research process as an important variable to better explain the asymmetry of stock market volatility. Therefore, on the basis of this analysis, this paper uses the basic theories of overconfidence, disposal effect, herding effect and framing effect of behavioral finance to analyze the impact of different psychological conditions on stock market volatility. This paper collects all the closing price data of the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index, and processes the logarithmic rate of return, then introduces the proxy variable turnover rate of psychological factors into the mean equation of EGARCH model, establishes a modified EGARCH model, and obtains the empirical results that psychological factors do have an impact on the asymmetry of volatility in China's stock market. It is concluded that: first, there is asymmetry of volatility in China's stock market, Investors will respond significantly more to bad news than to good news. Second, when investors are hit by bad news, their expectations for the future become worse, which will increase the turnover rate and finally obtain a lower yield; When investors are hit by good news, their expectations for the future become better, which will reduce the turnover rate and finally obtain a higher yield. Finally, according to these two conclusions, positive and feasible suggestions are given.


ABSTRACT Previous studies have emphasized the effect of childhood emotional abuse on students' aggressive behavior; however, few studies have examined the effects of personality and gender when studying childhood emotional abuse and aggressive behavior. To fill this gap, the current study aimed to explore the mediating effect of personality and the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and aggressive behavior among Chinese college students. A sample of 1253 students aged from 18 to 24 years completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire. The results showed that neuroticism and psychoticism partially mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and aggressive behavior. Moreover, a multigroup analysis found that the mediating effect of neuroticism was significant for women but not for men and that the mediating effect of psychoticism was significant for men but not for women. These findings suggest that caregivers should pay more attention to the development of children's personalities, which may ameliorate the deleterious effect of childhood emotional abuse on aggressive behavior.


Reservoir operation policies cannot be functional in instant decision making without forecasting the future reservoir inflows. For forecasting inflows into reservoirs with only hydrological data is available like Koga irrigation dam, multivariate forecasting models cannot be used to generate accurate river flow information. As a result, an evaluation of univariate Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models was done for forecasting monthly Koga River flow with Gnu Regression, Econometrics and Time-series Library (GRETL) software. The stationarity of historical river flow sequence was checked by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root analysis. Then, seasonality was removed from the river flow time series by seasonal differencing. Using seasonally differenced correlogram characteristics various SARIMA models were identified and evaluated, their parameters were optimized and diagnostic checks of forecasts were performed using residual correlograms and Ljung-Box tests. Finally, based on minimum Akaike Information criteria, SARIMA (1, 0, 1) (3, 1, 3)12 model was selected for Koga River flow forecasting. The stationarity test of the forecasted values of this model has proved the similarity of forecast values and patterns with those of the historical ones. Thus, irrigation managers could use this model and forecast information for optimal irrigation planning and development of reservoir operation strategies in order to protect farmers and downstream environment from water shortages. Moreover, the use of stationarity test of forecast flow patterns is useful and applicable in selecting best forecast model during forecasting of any river flows.


Sound production in the endemic genera of Canarian Pamphagidae Acrostira and Purpuraria has been recorded for the first time. These apterous grasshoppers have developed the alar-notal method alternative to that commonly used by Caelifera for their communication. This method is reported in detail with video recordings, histological sections and oscillograms. A model to explain this mechanism is proposed, given that previous descriptions were incomplete. The song is produced by rubbing together the ventral edge of the metanotum and the basalar sclerite. In the Canarian Pamphagidae this behaviour is found exclusively in females to announce their reproductive receptivity to the males. Females usually have to produce a series of anomalous sounds before they can emit a perfect song.


On the basis of the provisions of the product lifecycle conception and the theory of consumer behavior, a methodical instrumentarium for calculating the volume of implementation of the innovative product, as well as the speed of its penetration of the market, is developed. The dependence of sales volumes of innovative tourism products in the domestic market on the level of consumers' commitment to travel agency and its offers is determined. The method of measuring the level of consumers' commitment to travel agency and its offers is substantiated. It is displayed that there is a relationship between the structure of target market and its activity in the purchase of tourism products. Thanks to the improvement of the classification of components of the target segments, the segmentation is deepened taking into account the peculiarities of the behavior of individual subsegments. The peculiarities of the following target market subsegments are allocated and described: loyal consumers market, sympathizers market, qualified market, searchers market, serviced market, eventual market, potential market, promising market. Participation of each subsegment of the target market in the intensity of the spread of innovative tourism product on the market is empirically proved. It is found out that the segment of the «Loyal consumer market» is the smallest, and, at the same time, the most difficult to form and maintain. Thus, in order to create a kind of «reserve» for its replenishment, it is necessary to constantly work on expanding the groups «Sympathizers market» and «Searchers market». The volume of the most volatile segment – the «Searchers market» – significantly exceeds the size of other segments and largely depends on the psychographic characteristics of its participants. The «Traditionalists» segment is relatively small, but in number it is almost comparable to the segment «Followers of leaders» (which significantly affects the perception of the market of tourism products), and «Traditionalists» significantly surpass the «Followers of leaders» in demand and commitment to the set priorities.


The research here presented reports on the first phase of the project "Orizzonti giovani: un patto educativo" [Young Horizons: An Educational Pact], which has been carried out by the "Orientation, Training and Work" Centre of the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy of Arezzo in partnership with the Department for Youth Policies of the City of Arezzo, Cesvot of Arezzo, and the Association "I care" of Arezzo. In particular, it was examined the research-training route by which endeavours have been made to support the processes of validation and development of educational practices in use within a community of professional educators. The educational setting has been designed in such a way as to foster the exchange and sharing of perspectives, knowledge and work practices. The goal has been to permit the practitioners to recognize problems, to define the subjects of their work, and to find possible ways of transforming practice by following a reflective methodological approach. By drawing upon this experience, the paper focuses on the identification of several conditions which can foster the construction of educational routes to develop reflective professionalism and to cultivate critical-reflective communities.


We experimentally simulate a quantum channel in a linear optical setup, which is modeled by a two-level system (i.e., qubit) interacting with a bosonic bath. Unlike the traditional works, we treat the system–bath interaction without applying the Born approximation, the Markov approximation, or the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental simulation of a quantum channel without any of the approximations mentioned above by using linear optical devices. This non-RWA channel provides a more accurate picture of the quantum open-system dynamics. It not only reveals the effect of the counterrotating terms but also enables us to consider arbitrarily strong coupling regimes. With the proposed channel, we further experimentally investigate the dynamics of the quantum temporal steering (TS), i.e., a temporal analog of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement and show that the counterrotating terms significantly influence the TS dynamics. The TS in non-RWA and RWA channels presents different dynamics. However, we emphasize that the results without RWA are closer to realistic situations and thus more reliable. Due to the close relationship between TS and the security of the quantum cryptographic protocols, our findings are expected to have useful applications in secure quantum communications. This work also inspires future interest in studying other quantum coherence properties in the non-RWA channels.


Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality in clinical practice during pregnancy. More than 140M fetuses are born yearly, resulting in numerous scans. The availability of a large volume of fetal ultrasound scans presents the opportunity to train robust machine learning models. However, the abundance of scans also has its challenges, as manual labeling of each image is needed for supervised methods. Labeling is typically labor-intensive and requires expertise to annotate the images accurately. This study presents an unsupervised approach for automatically clustering ultrasound images into a large range of fetal views, reducing or eliminating the need for manual labeling. Our Fetal Ultrasound Semantic Clustering (FUSC) method is developed using a large dataset of 88,063 images and further evaluated on an additional unseen dataset of 8,187 images achieving over 92% clustering purity. The result of our investigation hold the potential to significantly impact the field of fetal ultrasound imaging and pave the way for more advanced automated labeling solutions. Finally, we make the code and the experimental setup publicly available to help advance the field.


A number of studies employing standardized personality measures show that school principals and counselors tend to differ in their personality structures. Does this difference lead to differing perceptions of what counselors should do in specific kinds of problem situations? The answer to this question was sought by factor analyzing the responses of groups of counselors and principals to a critical incident questionnaire. The indications are from this study that, for most situations, counselors and principals are in general agreement as to the approach the counselor should employ. Where differences do occur, they appear to be related to differential sources of anxiety with resultant increases in controlling, authoritarian approaches being advocated as a means to reduce anxiety, rather than being related to any variations in personality structure.


Digitalization of public procurement activities, increased efficiency, structured information in electronic information systems. The use of tools gives them the opportunity, regardless of presence, to take part in the procurement process, choose the best offer for the use of "price-quality" and get a reliable partner based on available, relevant, and reliable information, thus improving the quality of the model of interaction between the supplier and the customer. But, despite the automated processes, which, on the one hand, allow minimizing the workload at all stages of procurement procedures, there are also problems using the implementation and use of online services in procurement procedures. The authors of the article tried not only to systematize these problems, but also to offer several recommendations for improving the work of the supplier portal as a whole.


The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus (1) for a motor vehicle. The air conditioning apparatus (1) comprises an evaporator (3), which is flowed through by air, and downstream generates a cold air stream (L1, L3) and at least a heater (4, 5) which is downstream of the evaporator (3), air flow through and downstream of a hot air current (L2) is generated. The air conditioning apparatus (1) further comprises a valve arrangement (7, 10), by means of which the cold air stream (L1, L3) is downstream of such adjustable from the evaporator (3) that the cold air current (L3) (with no flow through the heater 4, 5 ) all at this vorbeileitbar or at least partially (L1) by the heater (4, 5) can be passed, so that a temperature of the air stream is made possible. According to the invention it is provided that the at the heater (4, 5) vorbeileitbare cold air current (L3) by a spacer (8) spaced from the heater (4) is spaced apart.


Seven-year students of Chinese medecine emergencyprofessional are the future young core of Chinese medecine emergency professional, whose education is related to the heritage and development of Chinese medecine emergency cause. In recent years, the rapid development of emergency medicine puts forward higher requirement and updated content for education of seven-year students.


The national road in Ambon City connects Pattimura Airport with Yos Sudarso Port having double access with parallel road conditions. Some road segments are not continuous like Jalan A.M. Sangadji and Jalan Rijali, have two lanes but are still one-way. This study aims to review the capacity of the two national road segments in Ambon City based on the existence of each road section according to LHR conditions, side friction, and continuous road requirements. According to the scientific stages, the study was carried out in a structured and systematic manner using data from field observations and the latest secondary data from data sources in the BPJN XVI Ambon work unit covering Down Road and Upper Road). The study results were selected three alternative national road access. The first alternative, using down national road access with recommendations for reclamation of the Pantai Mardika road section, connecting six roads each: Yos Sudarso, Pala, Pantai Mardika, Pantai Batu Merah, Ongko Liong, and Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin. The second alternative uses upper national road access with recommendations for flyover development, connecting six roads: Pelabuhan, A.M. Sangadji, Diponegoro, Ahmad Yani, Rijali, and Sudirman. The Third alternative, using parallel national road access between down and upper national road for current conditions, with recommendations on traffic engineering and handling of several road sections to be continuous.


Effect of "Jinzhengda"slow-releasing fertilizer on the growth of Wuyi rock tea was studied in this paper.The results showed that the bud density in tea plants,one-hundred-bud weight and the dry-tea yield of Wuyi rock tea in the treatments of slow-releasing fertilizer application or prescription fertilization were all better than those of conventional fertilization,among the treatments,the yield-increasing effect of slow-releasing fertilizer application was the best.


Recently, ultra high strength products can be manufactured by the hot press forming process of Boron steel in automotive and electronics industries. In order to get high strength, the hot press forming should be accompanied by quenching process inducing phase transformation. There are several types of the hot press forming processes according to the quenching method, water quenching and die quenching, etc. In the study, the process was numerically and physically simulated to compare the two types of quenching processes, and then the strength, hardness and dimensions of the products were compared with try-outs.


The article aims to raise some reflections on the scope and limits of the Sartrean progressive-regressive method, based on our research experience in the field of early pregnancy and studies on masculinities. From a concrete investigation, it is about elaborating some reflections of a more general nature about the Sartrean method. All this from the perspective of Social Work and, we think, extensive to all those care professions, that is, those that work in the field of social assistance. Especially the article stops at the challenges that the biography implies in terms of meeting between two unequal people but daughters of the same period spirit. On the other hand, and in order to collect those Marxist aspects that emphasize human agency, in de concluisions Edward  Thompson is placed in dialogue to also problematize the results of life stories carried out within the framework of the investigation. If Sartre brings the dialectic of the universal and the particular, Thompson will bring us the conscience and social being, both difficult to access through life stories.


Background- Pregnancy is associated with substantial changes in cardiovascular system. The action of the autonomic nervous system is thought to be essential for the circulatory adaptation seen in pregnancy and nourishing growing fetus. Aims and objective- The study was conducted to assess the changes in autonomic nervous activity in different sleeping positions adopted by pregnant females in last trimester and compare it with non pregnant females. Material and methods: A Comparative study was carried out amongst pregnant and non pregnant women in Department of Physiology. A total of 60 women (30 pregnant as study group and 30 non pregnant healthy women as control group) aged between 18- 30 years were included in study. Results: The present study showed the role of parasympathetic activity in controlling hemodynamic in late pregnancy and left lateral position is found to be better recumbent position for uteroplacental circulation. Conclusions: it was concluded that the supine position should be avoided and the left lateral decubitus position encouraged in late pregnancy, since the suppression of cardiac vagal activity and enhancement of cardiac sympathetic activity were greatest in the supine position and are least in the left lateral position.


Providing a removable navigation system (10) for a configured medical instrument to be inserted into a body lumen (12). Removable navigation system (10) includes operably configured sheath so as to cover at least a portion of the medical instrument (12) (40), a sheath positioning sensor fixed to (40) (32) , and a sheath (40) and a deformable securing element which is arranged between the medical instrument (12) (20). Deformable securing element (20) is operably deformed to temporarily fix the position of the medical instrument (12) relative to the sheath (40) and the positioning sensor (32).


Modern and Postmodern Los Angeles is examined through the lens of film noir and neo noir. The unique relationship between the city of Los Angeles and cinema is discussed in terms of a historiography emphasizing the role played by these defining film styles and genres. The research draws and extends on the work conducted by Edward Dimendberg, Paula Rabinowitz and Mike Davis, and urban theory approaches associated with the Los Angeles School of Urbanism.


In this article we describe terms of creating a huge oil and gas chemical cluster in the East of Russia, in the basis of which we have put modern changes of the mining sphere of Far East at the territory of Sakhalin region and Sakha republic (Iakutia). We characterize raw materials base and summarized geology resources of Far East, give characteristics of the modern condition and infrastructure of oil and gas complex, present the dynamics of oil mining at the sites of Sakhalin region and Iakutia with specification according to the companies. We present the list of investment projects and perspectives of economical development of Far East. We give characteristics of innovative development of Sakhalin region and Sakha republic (Iakutia) according to the main indexes of innovative climate and we also offer the evaluation of its impact on the activity of mining companies.


This exploratory study analyzes and compares the characteristics of North and South Korea's propaganda posters. Using Elements for a Theory of Communicative propaganda, a model of semiotic analysis first proposed by Pineda (2006) as our starting point, the aesthetically-expressive components were analyzed. It was found that North Korean propaganda was inspired by China and the Soviet Union, and that its message and the composition was more complex than that of South Korean propaganda. Conversely, South Korean propaganda followed the US's political marketing model, focusing on political party's candidates and on demagogy.


Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN) and Stochastic Process Algebras (SPA) can both be used to study functionality as well as performance of parallel and distributed systems. In order to provide insight into the similarities and diierences between the formalisms, we study the model construction process in both by means of a large example, a distributed electronic mail system. This comparison of the modelling facilities highlights points where ideas and techniques have been, or can be, exchanged between the two paradigms.


We have investigated the structural/phase and superconducting properties of (Hg,Cr)/Sr-1201 [(Hg,Cr)Sr2CuO4+δ] samples prepared by two different precursor routes. It was observed that the quality of the (Hg,Cr)/Sr-1201 samples depends strongly on the precursor quality and the nature of starting materials. The (Hg,Cr)/Sr-1201 samples were synthesized in partial vacuum at 1153 K for 12 h, and characterized by power XRD, FT-IR, χac-T and dc-magnetization. A good quality (Hg,Cr)/Sr-1201 sample with higher superconducting transition temperature $(T^{\rm onset}_c\sim 60~{\rm K})$ was obtained for the sample prepared from nitrate source as compared to that obtained from the sample prepared from the carbonate source $(T^{\rm onset}_c\sim 56~{\rm K})$.


The embodiment of the invention provides a parallel implementation method, a device and a system for advanced motion vector prediction AMVP. The parallel implementation method includes that: a parallel area corresponding to parallel control parameters is obtained according to the parallel control parameters set by a coding terminal user; motion vector prediction selection sets of all the interframe units are constructed in a parallel way by the interframe prediction units of a coding unit in the parallel area corresponding to the parallel control parameters; motion vector prediction is carried out in a parallel way by all the interframe prediction units in the coding unit with utilizing the motion vector prediction selection sets constructed by the interframe prediction units, and predicted motion vectors are generated separately; motion estimation is carried out by each interframe prediction unit according to the predicted motion vector of the interframe prediction unit separately. In the parallel implementation method, the device and the system for advanced motion vector prediction AMVP, motion vector prediction selection sets of all the interframe units are constructed in a parallel way by the interframe prediction units in the parallel area corresponding to the parallel control parameters, thus parallel of motion estimation for prediction units of the coder end is achieved.


The purpose of this experiment was to study some effects of forcing an animal to make a simple operant response over extremely long periods of time. The experiment may be considered within the general context of fatigue or sleep deprivation. In order to maintain responding, an avoidance technique was used. The selection was made for several reasons: first, the avoidance procedure generally produces a number of responses per minute so that the animal has little opportunity for rest; second, a failure to respond results in an aversive stimulus which awakens a sleepy animal and reinstates responding; and third, avoidance behavior is not subject to satiation effects which are difficult to control during long exposures to positive-reinforcement schedules. The consequences of the extended period of responding were evaluated from the avoidance behavior in terms of response rate and shock frequency. In addition, a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement was occasionally introduced into the procedure, and thus allowed measurement not only of the response rate but also of the temporal discrimination which typifies this schedule.


The reaction mechanism of the enantioselectivity in oxazaborolidine catalyzed reductions of phenyl ethyl ketone has been studied by using AM1 method and transition state theory. The results show that the boron catalyzed reactions consist of two similar parallel reactions in which the reactants( R ) of the title compound and boron catalyst generate the enantiomers(P R and P S ) via intermediate compounds IC( R ) and IC( S ) and transition states TS R and TS S , respectively. The enantioselectivity is determined by the ratio of the rate constants of two reactions. The value is 40 (that is R∶S =97.5∶2.5 or e.e. (R) =95%), which is in good consistence with experiment [exp. e.e. (R) =97(95)%]. The determining factors of the rate ratio come from the joint contribution of the activation enthalpy and activation entropy.


The Belt and Road Initiative is a grand plan proposed by China to promote the common development and prosperity of China and its partner countries. With the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative, China-Pakistan relations are getting closer, known as the "iron brother". Economic cooperation is a key priority for both sides. Under the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, this study uses trade data of China and Pakistan to find out the bilateral trade problems and the influencing factors behind them. This study will discuss the above questions and propose some suggestions for policymakers. Specifically, the discussion of the problems was conducted in terms of GDP, population, comparative advantages, international environment, domestic environment, and other factors respectively. In the conclusion part, the author suggests that the two countries should try to improve their domestic/international environment and reduce policy barriers to promote the trade. Modern industrial parks are encouraged to solve the problems. This study on the influencing factors and economic trade relations between China and Pakistan hopes to provide some academic references to the study of the CPEC and provide some guidance to the policy makers.


It is shown that a mean-spherical model with no adjustable parameters developed by Chandler, Schweizer, and Wolynes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1100 (1982)] is in rough agreement with the experimentally observed shifts of photoconductivity thresholds in pure and doped rare gases. This holds for a wide density range. However, the theory always yields a red shift for discrete absorption lines and bands, while in the experiments blue shifts are dominant, essentially as a result of correlation effects.


Over the past decades, a dramatic increase in accumulation of abdominal fat in the general population worldwide, and its consequences, has been observed. This has motivated researcher to further study its associated implications, not only in obesity. Currently, the impact of liver adiposity is well recognized, and liver disease of non-alcoholic origin can be considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The liver seems to have a central role in insulin signaling dependent on the availability of nutrients and other factors, in which intermediates such as hepatokines –mainly fetuin-A, a product present in inflammation and hepatic steatosis are involved,. Numerous tests are currently used for the diagnosis of insulin resistance, without this providing information about implication of other organs, or the relationship with abnormal fatty tissue. Similarly, no evidence that establishes a relationship between hepatokines and adipokines in the development of adiposopathy has been identified. In this publication we postulate that the relationship between liver and adipose tissue in the generation of insulin resistance can be explained by the alteration of the hepato-adiposity axis in a proinflammatory environment that favors the establishment of insulin disruption, thus contributing as a link that leads to adiposopathy and the associated comorbidities.


Abstract Disclosure: L. WingChing: None. X. Khor: None. F. Carter: None. Q. Ashcroft: None. V. Chandrabalan: None. P. M Joseph: None. Authors: Li Wing Ching, Xiao Ying Khor, Frederick Carter, Ashcroft Quinta, Vishnu Chandrabalan, Joseph Pappachan. Background: Relapse of Graves' disease occurs in ≈50% of cases after the antithyroid pharmacotherapy. Identifying risk factors associated with relapse is crucial for planning treatment including radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation as well as to inform patients of probable clinical outcome following such treatment. Aims: (1) To identify the factors associated with relapse of Graves' disease when the condition is first diagnosed. (2) To characterise the clinical outcomes and re-relapse rates after RAI treatment. Methods: Retrospective study of patients treated for Graves' disease (with positive TSH-receptor antibodies [TRAb] >1.0 IU/L) between April 2004 and May 2021 at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were retrieved from prospectively maintained electronic health records. Data retrieved included known factors associated with high risk of relapse including markedly raised thyroid hormone (Free T4 [FT4] and/or Free T3 [FT3]), and TRAb levels. Outcome data after treatment was also analysed including the effects of RAI therapy such as hypothyroidism and time to its development, failure rate of first dose of RAI and its management. Results: Out of 1450 patients with Graves' disease, 188 cases with meaningful study data receiving RAI ablation during the study period were analysed. The following factors (median (interquartile range/IQR) of relapsed vs non-relapsed) were associated with relapse requiring RAI ablation: TRAb levels - 10.3 (4.8-20.9) vs 5.1 (2.0-12.4) IU/L; p<0.001, FT4 - 56.7 (39.3 - 73.0) vs 42.6 (30.9-62.4) pmol/L; p<0.01, and FT3 - 24.4 (13.8 - 33.6) vs 16.2 (10.8-26.5) pmol/L; p=0.03. The median age at RAI ablation therapy was 48 (IQR 39-57.3) years with a female preponderance (140 [74.5%] cases). Radioactive Iodine-131 (131I) 555 MBq was used for treatment in all cases. 172 (91.5%) cases developed post-RAI hypothyroidism at a median follow up period of 3 (IQR: 2-11) months. RAI ablation failure occurred in 20 (10.6%) cases of whom 12 (60%) cases were successfully managed by RAI re-ablation, 5 (25%) cases preferred antithyroid pharmacotherapy, one (5%) underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and 2 (10%) cases refused treatment. Conclusions: Graves' disease cases with high median levels of TRAb ≥10.3 IU/L, FT4 ≥56.7 pmol/L and/or FT3 ≥24.4 pmol/L at initial presentation are at high risk of relapse. RAI ablation should be offered to such patients as first-line treatment at initial presentation of the disease. Hypothyroidism occurs after RAI ablation in ≈92%. Chance of treatment failure with first RAI ablation procedure is only ≈11%. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Formica obscuripes Forel, the western thatching ant, a mound-building species found at Illinois Beach State Nature Preserve, has three morphological castes (major, media and minor, in order of decreasing size). Observations on the activities of each caste were made from May to September 1975, June 1976, and September 1976. Behaviors were categorized and frequencies of the three castes exhibiting each behavior type were calculated. Caste strongly influenced occupational repertoires of the ants. Repairing the nest, carrying dead conspecifics and bringing in prey were performed primarily by majors, whereas medias carried brood and foraged on vegetation for honeydew from aphids or plant sap. Minors were seen outside the nest too infrequently to allow a detailed analysis of their activities. I NTRODUCTION Colonies of social insect populations are intriguing for behaviorists because of their high degree of organization. The performance of numerous tasks is required for successful colony maintenance, and division of duties among individuals has been demonstrated for bees (Brian, 1952; Free, 1965), wasps (Akre et al., 1976; Potter, 1964) and ants (Weir, 1958; Wallis, 1965). Oftentimes, workers assume certain duties as a result of morphological specialization. For example, army ant soldiers with huge heads and jaws serve primarily for defense while smaller individuals assume the domestic chores of brood rearing, nest cleaning and so forth (Schneirla, 1971). However, a generalized relationship between polymorphism and the division of labor, or polyethism, cannot be defined for those groups displaying continuous size-frequency distributions (Wilson, 1971). This paper reports a morphology-behavior association for the western thatching ant (Formica obscuripes Forel) at Illinois Beach State Nature Preserve in Lake County, Illinois. METHODS Workers collected from colonies at Illinois Beach were examined in the laboratory. Morphological measurements were made with the use of an ocular micrometer mounted in a dissecting microscope. Head width across the eyes, head length from back to mandible base, and alitrunk length from head to petiole were recorded in micrometer units and subsequently converted to millimeters. A total of 241 individuals were measured and then assigned to castes according to a decision function using both size and coloration: majors, the largest-sized group, have red heads and thoraxes; the smaller medias have reddish streaks on the heads and rarely on the thoraxes; minors, the smallest worker group, are uniformly black. Data on division of labor were collected in the field during 2 successive summers. Data from 1975 were compiled from incidental observations throughout the season. Over 2-7 days in both June and September 1976 each of the nests was watched for 5-10 min during mornings and late afternoons when overall activity was high. Workers were assigned to a caste as outlined above. Records of nest location, caste designation and behavioral activities were tallied throughout the observation periods. CASTE MORPHOLOGY Workers of Formica obscuripes exhibit continuous size variation; nonetheless, 'Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.


We develop an end-to-end system for multi-channel, multi-speaker automatic speech recognition. We propose a frontend for joint source separation and dereverberation based on the independent vector analysis (IVA) paradigm. It uses the fast and stable iterative source steering algorithm together with a neural source model. Unlike conventional neural beamforming, the number of speakers can be dynamically changed during or after training. The parameters from the ASR module and the neural source model are optimized jointly from the ASR loss itself. We demonstrate competitive performance with previous systems using neural beamforming frontends with only one-ninth of the trainable parameter. First, we explore the trade-offs when using various number of channels for training and testing. Second, we demonstrate that the proposed IVA frontend performs well on noisy data, even when trained on clean mixtures only. Third, we demonstrate recognition of mixtures of three and four speakers with a model trained on mixtures of two only.


Recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade suggest that productivity determines whether firms engage in export and foreign direct investment. However in practice, m Abstract any productive firms are not internationalized, whereas many unproductive firms are. This situation suggests that factors other than productivity influence internationalization. This study examines a set of potential factors -personal characteristics of the chief executive officer (CEO)- using a unique panel dataset for Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We find that SMEs are more likely to be internationalized when the CEO is more risk-tolerant, forward-looking, and internationally experienced. These factors show significant statistical relationships with SMEs' decisions to internationalize, perhaps suggesting why productive firms might not internationalize. In addition, we find that productivity has no significant relationship with the decision of exiting international markets probably because initial costs of internationalization become sunk, whereas SMEs with internationally experienced CEOs show strongly less likelihood of exit. These empirical results are consistent with theoretical predictions of our model that incorporates the uncertainty of foreign markets into the trade theory with firm heterogeneity.


Andrea Muehlebach, (2012) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), 228 pp, ISBN 9780226545400, $27.50, soft cover Recounting the vicissitudes of Milanese Italians who have become gradually more invo...


E-government portals are changing the way citizens are dealing with their governments. The e-government services can be executed by citizens without any location or time constraints, which results in great benefits for them. Therefore, agencies should follow worldwide e-government portals' best practices that would contribute in the portals' quality. E-government maturity models can be used for this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose an e-government portals' maturity model that is based on a best practice model for e-government portals. This maturity model can help agencies identify their maturity rank by measuring the presence of those best practices. At the same time, the maturity model can provide guidelines and recommendations for agencies to move to an upper stage of maturity.


We analyzed the wind and wave data observed from Dukjuk-Do (Ocean Data Buoy), Seosu-Do (AOOS: Automatic Ocean Observation System), and Gadaeam (AOOS) which is located on Gyeonggi Bay. These observational stations have a various geographical environments. Gadaeam in the offshore has a deep water compared with Dukjuk-Do. But Seosu-Do in the coast has a shallow water compared with Dukjuk-Do. When westerly wind blows strongly, significant wave height develops about 5 m in Gadaeam (AOOS) and about 3 m in Dukjuk-Do (Ocean Data Buoy). But wave height in Seosu-Do (AOOS) does not exceed in 1 m. As the western area of Gadeam which is located in open sea, has adequately fetch, the correlation coefficient between westerly wind speed and significant wave height was high. Because a many of islands around the Seosu-Do as a kind of barrier, the strongly wind speed had not almostly contributed to the increasement of significant wave height. As a results, topography in the coastal area affects wave height because of fetch and duration are local difference.


Efficacy of the recommended pesticides viz., fungicides, and botanicals on the growth and sporulation of Rhizoctonia bataticola cauing (charcoal rot), of soybean under in vitro condition was evaluated. Usingpoisoned food techinque, radial growth and visual observations were taken. Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Azcoxystrobin are highly effective in reducing myecial growth and sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Out of eight fungicides tested only (carboxin, copper oxychloride, mancozeb, thiram, carbendazim) were effective in reducing the formation of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Nilgiri, neem and ashoka were moderately effective in reducing the mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia bataticola.


Raising the question about the role of the public university towards the large population incarcerated in Brazil, in the framework of a doctoral research in progress, this paper assess the challenges of the public university in prison as a State organ and a locus of knowledge production and diffusion through teaching, research and extension policies. The hypothesis is that there is an inflection point between the teaching and extension axes, since academic researches carried out about/in prisons in different fields of science were acknowledged. After analysis of Argentinean and Brazilian universities experiences in prisons the outcomes suggest that Brazilian public university lacks in bindings with the prison which were not solely academic.


To investingate the mechanism of antifreeze protein, the gene of the skin type protein was mutated according to the amino acid sequence of liver type protein that has a higher activity than skin type. Therefore the residue alanine 10 of skin type antifreeze protein was coded and mutated into Aspartic acid. Methods: A fragment of DNA, which included the mutated amino acid site, was synthesized and then was used to replace the corresponding fragment from wild type gene. The mutated positive clone was picked up by DNA sequence assay and then was expressed. Western blot assay, amino acid analysis as well as mass spectroscopy were used to determinate the expressed mutant protein. After testing the antifreeze activity of mutant protein, the activities of both wild type and mutant proteins were compared.


The aim of the current study was to assess the variability in heterotrophic nanoflagellate abundance attributable to variables responsible for the influence of bottom-up and top-down control mechanisms in the plankton food web along a trophic gradient in subtropical reservoirs (Parana State,Brazil). In particular, we hypothesised that food resources were the main determinant for the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) along a trophic gradient. Results showed that HNF communities were weakly influenced by the bottom-up mechanism. Moreover, there was evidence of a slight influence from a top-down control mechanism on this community. Therefore, the results of the present study did not corroborate the hypothesis initially proposed, and further studies are needed to elucidate the complex outcomes of trophic gradients on planktonic HNF communities, including other predictor variables related to abiotic interactions, such as morphometrics, hydrology, priorities uses and climate conditions


"To GET RICH IS GLORIOUS," the late Chinese leader DengXiaoping once exhorted his people. Defending this reformist vision, he added, "If you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in." In the two decades of breakneck economic development since China's embrace of gaige kaifang (reform and opening), both the promise and the peril ofDeng's two maxims have become abundantly clear. Although China enjoys growing wealth, increasing per capita incomes, and rising living standards, it also suffers from environ mental degradation and a host of social ills including political unrest, increased crime, and a fraying social safety net. China, like other developing nations, faces tough choices between the benefits and the costs of modernity. Unfortunately for China, however, the very nature of its par ticular political, social, and economic systems exacerbates the dangers of opening up. The growing problem of HIV/AIDS in China is a glaring example of this phenomenon, and one with enormous implications. Once dismissed by Chinese officialdom as a Western problem, the spread of HIV/AIDS has only recently gained serious attention from Beijing. But it may be too late: China now faces a major epidemic, one that the government will find extremely difficult to combat.


AIMS AND METHOD The aim of this survey was to determine attitudes among consultants in
 different specialities towards the development of a reciprocal liaison service
 providing access for psychiatric patients to medical and surgical liaison
 services equal to the access of medical and surgical patients to psychiatric
 liaison services. All medical, surgical and psychiatric consultants in a
 district health service were surveyed, with a total response rate of 48%. RESULTS The mean number of medical and surgical patients requiring a psychiatric
 liaison service was 6%. The mean number of psychiatric patients requiring
 medical and surgical liaison services was 11%. Ratings overall for various
 components of the two types of liaison service were generally similar, with
 acute assessments and follow-up being given a high priority for both
 types. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS As liaison services are developed, the notion of equity of access for all
 patients is paramount. Commissioning of such services should thereby specify the reciprocal nature
 of development. This survey shows that generally there is a positive attitude
 to the development of such a service.


Leckhampton Hill is a cherished landscape feature and recreational area for many of the town's residents and visitors. There's nothing like enjoying the great outdoors with a walk and picnic at the favourite beauty spot. However, the council has seen an increase in the amount of litter left on the hill and wants to gently remind those that use it to take their litter home with them.


The invention discloses a recycling device for caking ammonium nitrate during production of porous ammonium nitrate. The recycling device comprises a pelletizing tower, vibration pumps, an ammonium nitrate dissolving tank I, an ammonium nitrate dissolving tank II, an ammonium nitrate solution storage tank, an ammonium nitrate solution pump and a grating filter, wherein a conveyor belt I is arranged below the pelletizing tower, the ammonium nitrate dissolving tank I is arranged just under the conveyor belt I, one end of the grating filter is connected with the discharging end of the conveyor belt I, the other end of the grating filter is arranged above a conveyor belt II, the conveyor belt II is arranged above the ammonium nitrate dissolving tank II, the ammonium nitrate dissolving tanks I and II are connected with the ammonium nitrate solution storage tank, the ammonium nitrate solution storage tank is connected with the ammonium nitrate solution pump, the ammonium nitrate solution pump is connected with a drying cleaning liquid tank and the ammonium nitrate solution storage tank, the ammonium nitrate solution storage tank is internally provided with a heating coil, and the vibration pumps are arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the pelletizing tower. The recycling device is capable of effectively reducing environment pollution caused by a large amount of discharged liquid waste and effectively lowering industrial production cost of porous ammonium nitrate.


Abstract Exchange interactions between the holes confined in arrays of strained quantum dots subject to compressive and tensile strain are shown to lead to a ferrimagnetic arrangement of magnetic moments. Using the example of strained In x Ga 1 − x As quantum dots on InP substrate it is shown how the magnetic properties of semiconductor material can be engineered without resorting to doping with magnetic ions. The transition temperature is estimated to be of the order of 25 K. Potential applications in information storage and processing are considered.


The robustness of the topological color code, which is a class of error correcting quantum codes, is investigated under the influence of an uniform magnetic field on the honeycomb lattice. Our study relies on two high-order series expansions using perturbative continuous unitary transformations in the limit of low and high fields, exact diagonalization and a classical approximation. We show that the topological color code in a single parallel field is isospectral to the Baxter-Wu model in a transverse field on the triangular lattice. It is found that the topological phase is stable up to a critical field beyond which it breaks down to the polarized phase by a first-order phase transition. The results also suggest that the topological color code is more robust than the toric code, in the parallel magnetic field.


The purpose of conducting this research is to determine the effect of Margin Income of Murabahah and Ijarah Mutahiyah Bittamlik on the Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2018-2022 period. The type of research in this study is descriptive quantitative. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling technique and produced a sample of 6 Islamic Commercial Banks, including PT Bank BNI Syariah, PT Bank BCA Syariah, PT Bank Syariah Mandiri, PT Bank Bukopin Syariah, PT Bank BRI Syariah, PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia from the period 2018 to 2022. The data analysis method in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results of the research that has been done show that there is a significant effect of Margin Murabahah and Ijarah Mutahiyah Bittamlik income on Profitability which is carried out simultaneously.


The GJ 357 system harbors three planets orbiting a bright, nearby M2.5V star at 9.44 pc. The innermost planet, GJ 357b (TOI-562.01), is a hot transiting Earth-sized planet with Earth-like density, which receives about 12 times the irradiation Earth receives from the Sun, and was detected using data from TESS. Radial velocities discovered two more planets in the system at 9.12 (GJ 357 c) and 55.6 days (GJ 357 d), with minimum masses of 3.59 ± 0.50 and 6.1 ± 1 Earth masses, and an irradiation of 4.4 and 0.38 Earth's irradiation, respectively. GJ 357 d receives slightly less stellar irradiation than Mars does in our own solar system, which puts it in the Habitable Zone (HZ) for its host star. GJ 357 d could not have been detected with TESS and whether it transits remains an open question. Here we model possible conditions within which GJ357 d could sustain surface habitability and present planetary models as well as synthetic transmission, reflection, and emission spectra for a range of models for GJ 357 d from water worlds to Earth-like models. With Earth-analog outgassing rates, GJ 357 d would be a frozen rocky world; however, with an increased CO2 level, as would be expected if a geological cycles regulates CO2 concentration like on Earth, the planet models show temperate surface conditions. If we can detect a transit of GJ 357 d, it would become the closest transiting, potentially habitable planet in the solar neighborhood. Even if GJ 357 d does not transit, the brightness of its star makes this planet, in the HZ of a close-by M star, a prime target for observations with Extremely Large telescopes as well as future space missions.


Through Carrying out technical revamping of the cold rolling mill control system,It can improve the control accuracy,rolling speed,improve productivity and quality,enhance a notch of the product quality,to enhance competitiveness in the market and to increase economic efficiency.


The paper describes a new method to calculate the maximum amplificationof blade vibrations of a bladed disk or blisk subject to manufacturing tolerances. Two effects of mistuned blisks are analyzed in this paper. The separation of two orthogonal nodal diameters are shown and described in detail. Furthermore, the excitation of more than one nodal diameter by only one engine order is discussed. If the eigenfrequencies of these nodal diameters are close together, the vibration amplitude of some blades increases. Based on a lumped‐mass model, it is shown which maximum amplitude can occur. The idea is to use a harmonic mistuning pattern to get the highest influence at small tolerances for one single nodal diameter. This influence is not exceeded by a randomly mistuned system and limits the maximum amplitude. The given analysis is validated by a common Monte‐Carlo simulation. On the other hand, a description of the excitation of other nodal diameters is given. Using these two effects, an absolute vibration maximum for a given mistuning limit can be calculated. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract We investigate the generalized description of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) dimensional reduction from higher-dimensional space-time. We also explore the properties of the resultant scalar-tensor theories. We demonstrate that there exists the anti-de Sitter (AdS) background solution, and examine its stability through the analysis of the perturbations around the background AdS solution. Moreover, we derive the conditions for the dimensional reduction to successfully be executed and present the KK compactification mechanism.


This database (https://github.com/fumiyau/COVerAGE-JP) collects COVID-19 deaths by age, sex, date, and region in Japan. As with other causes of deaths, deaths related to COVID-19 are reported by local public health center (Hokenjo), which is located in every prefecture and major metropolitan/large cities. 47 prefectures and some metropolitan cities then collect the information about COVID-19 cases and deaths to report the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW). Although MHLW provides a summary statistics about the COVID-19 cases and deaths on their webpage, the distribution broken down by age and sex is not available, that leads many volunteering organizations to collect COVID-19 information based on prefectural/municipality reports. However, even these databases do not provide COVID-19 deaths by age and sex. This database thus aims to fill in the gap by collecting COVID-19 related deaths reported by various sources as I discuss below, including prefectures' press releases or media sources. This document explains the collection of data sources and potential uses of the data.


The concept theosophy has been used by different theological and philosophical positions with different meaning throughout western history. The concept can therefore not be understood as a trans-historical or universal one, but must be specified whenever it is applied, since several theosophies have existed over time. Nonetheless, a specification is seldom provided when the term is and has been applied in recent decades by scholars as well as the general public. Most often when used today, the term is applied as synonymous to the theosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91), co-founder of the Theosophical Society (TS) established in 1875; consequently tending to include only the TS as tradition when evaluating a given theosophical theme. However, focussing on tradition rather than on theology—that is, focussing on the founding tradition rather than also including groups practising according to theosophical dogma—can give rise to a number of problems, particularly when considering the theosophical situation today. Using a wider perspective when evaluating the theosophical situation today reveals a different picture—one that shows that theosophy is not dying out, but rather, experiencing a renaissance. One obvious question evolving from these reflections is whether this theosophy experiencing a renaissance is the same theosophy as the Blavatskian or 'modern' theosophy, as Emely B. Sellon and Renee Weber have classified it, or if it is to be considered as a new type or kind. The aim of this article is to discuss this question, looking at how theosophy has developed in Denmark over the last century; a country in which a theosophical renaissance has indeed been observed in recent years.


The utility model discloses a shielding measuring prism device which is characterized by comprising a shell, and a prism arranged in the shell, wherein an opening is formed in the shell and corresponds to the prism; and privacy glass with a power line is arranged on the opening of the shell. The privacy glass is glass which can adjust the light-admitting quality by turning on and off the power supply. When the privacy glass is electrified, the privacy glass is transparent, and the total station can measure the prism; and when the power of the privacy glass is cut off, the privacy glass is fuzzy, and the total station cannot measure the prism. Therefore, the prism can be automatically shielded by controlling the privacy glass in the device during measurement operation when the multi-prism object occurs in the view field of the total station, and the prism is distinguished, so that the total station respectively measures the target prism required to be measured, and high-efficiency operation of the measurement operation is guaranteed.


Morphologically, the five recognized species of Chamaeleolis (C. agueroi, C. barbatus, C. chamaeleontides, C. guamuhaya, and C. porcus), all endemic to Cuba, are among the most bizarre West Indian lizards. Chamaeleolis is characterized by a prominent bony head casque, relatively large body size (snout-vent length [SVL] of up to 177 mm), proportionately short limbs, cryptic coloration, the ability to move its eyes independently, and lack of tail autotomy (Wilson, 1957; Garrido and Schwartz, 1968; Williams and Rand, 1969). Based on these features, Chamaeleolis traditionally has been considered to be an early offshoot of the anoline lizard radiation that diverged prior to the evolution of Anolis (Etheridge, 1960; Williams, 1969). However, recent molecular systematic studies indicate that Chamaeleolis evolved within Anolis (Hass et al., 1993; Jackman et al., 1999), suggesting that the unusual morphology of Chamaeleolis indicates relatively rapid evolution, rather than antiquity of the lineage (and also suggests that the generic name Chamaeleolis might be subsumed within Anolis [Hass et al., 1993; Jackman et al., 1999]). Few published reports exist on the ecology and behavior of Chamaeleolis. Wilson (1957, 1994) commented on the sluggish behavior of a captive C. porcus named Methuselah, noting that it would remain in the same spot for hours or even days without changing position. Gorman et al. (1969) mentioned that captive C. porcus actively moved between perches, jumped toward prey (crickets, grasshoppers, and mealworms), and displayed to each other by extending their dewlaps, opening their mouths and protruding their tongues. Garrido (1982) suggested that the simple courtship display repertoire in C. barbatus, which consists only of head-bobs displays, supported the idea that Chamaeleolis diverged early in the anole radiation. All previous observations on Chamaeleolis have been conducted on captive animals. During the course of field work on the community ecology of Cuban anoles in 1997 and 1999, we had the opportunity to study the behavior and ecology of this lizard under natural conditions. Here we report data on the habitat use, locomotion, display, and foraging behavior of C. barbatus and C. porcus. Observations on C. barbatus were conducted at So-


One of the many concerns about roadway safety is how to remove precipitation runoff from the roadway surface quickly and efficiently. On uncurbed roadways, water simply drains into adjacent ditches. On curbed roadways, water is removed by allowing it to flow down a gutter until it reaches an inlet structure, at which point it is diverted through a subsurface drainage system. The problem is that not all inlet structures are uniformly effective. This study analyzed the effectiveness of both grate and curb inlets; the efficiency of several types of bridge deck drains was also investigated. Overall, the study had three objectives: (1) to determine the hydraulic characteristics of recessed curb inlets for different flow conditions and curb inlet geometries; (2) to determine the hydraulic characteristics of three types of bridge deck drains with different flow conditions and geometries; and, finally, (3) to provide predictive equations for performance and capacity--so as to obtain new design guidelines for the construction of both recessed curb inlets and bridge drains. Concerning recessed curb inlets, three geometries of inlets and three inlet lengths were tested. For the experiments, the flow rate into the recessed curb inlet, the flow rate passing the inlet section (the carryover), and water depths on the roadway surface were measured. Based on an approach that categorizes curb inlets as either 100% efficient or less than 100% efficient, a new design equation (the "captured" flow divided by the gutter flow) was developed in which a facility's efficiency is expressed as a function of the effective length of the inlet divided by the effective length required to capture all of the flow. For all three bridge deck drains tested, regression analysis was used to determine the flow into the inlet as a function of the upstream uniform flow depth, the longitudinal roadway slope, and the cross slope. In this way, empirical equations for predicting the capacity for the flow conditions most likely to be encountered on bridges were obtained.


The samples of Eu2 (MoO4)3 has been investigated by Xray diffraction method. These samples have been subjected high pressure 9 GPa at room temperature. It was established that powder samples undergo at this pressure solid state amorphization. At consequent annealing with temperature increasing unusual sequence of phase states have been observed. Instead of expected "amorphous"→ α→ β sequence the "amorphous"→ β→ α→ β sequence come to pass. The single crystalline samples in contrast to polycrystalline ones do not undergo solid state amorphization. In this case phase transition from tetragonal β-phase into a new tetragonal high-pressure phase take place. We have shown that in the case of incomplete phase transition "βphasehigh-pressure phase" two phase state has been characterized of existence of wide interphase boundaries. The parameters along the boundaries change continuously from one into other phase. In the case of complete phase transition into high-pressure tetragonal phase at subsequent annealing instead of narrow diffraction reflection halo-like reflections were observed. On the base of these results we have supposed that no amorphization in polycrystalline samples take place. The halo-like reflections in this case characterize the transitional state between high-pressure phase and β-phase, namely the diffraction from the set of transitional boundaries.


Reversible logic circuits are of interests to power minimization having applications in low power CMOS design, optical information processing, DNA computing, bioinformatics, quantum computing and nanotechnology. In this paper we propose a novel 4x4 bit reversible multiplier circuit. The proposed reversible multiplier is faster and has lower hardware complexity compared to the existing counterparts. It is also better than the existing counterparts in term of number of gates, garbage outputs and constant inputs. Haghparast and Navi recently proposed a 4x4 reversible gate called "HNG". The reversible HNG gate can work singly as a reversible full adder. In this paper we use HNG gates to construct the reversible multiplier circuit. The proposed reversible multiplier circuit using HNG gate can multiply two 4-bits binary numbers. The proposed reversible 4x4 multiplier circuit can be generalized for NxN bit multiplication. We can use it to construct more complex systems in nanotechnology.


With the recent expansion of healthcare coverage, medical schools are faced with the challenge of producing increasing numbers of physicians capable of serving a diverse population and practicing medicine in underserved areas (Krupa, 2010). Even before the formal curriculum begins, admission committees strive to accept and matriculate a diverse group of students who are both academically capable and altruistically inclined (McGaghie, 1990). Medical educators then hope to provide a positive institutional climate in which all students, regardless of background, can thrive. However, a supportive climate as it relates to diversity can be especially vital for recruiting and retaining African-American, Latino and Native American students, who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) but are the most likely to practice primary care in underserved areas (Cantor, Miles, Baker & Barker, 1996).


We identify a family of $O(|E(G)|^2)$ nontrivial facets of the connected matching polytope of a graph $G$, that is, the convex hull of incidence vectors of matchings in $G$ whose covered vertices induce a connected subgraph. Accompanying software to further inspect the polytope of an input graph is available.