Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is a method which consists in looking for the solution to a problem in a separate form. This approach has been increasingly used over the last few years to solve mathematical problems. The originality of this work consists in the association of PGD with a spectral collocation method to solve transfer equations as well as Navier–Stokes equations. In the first stage, the PGD method and its association with spectral discretization is detailed. This approach was tested for several problems: the Poisson equation, the Darcy problem, Navier–Stokes equations (the Taylor Green problem and the lid-driven cavity). In the Navier–Stokes problems, the coupling between velocity and pressure was performed using a fractional step scheme and a P N — P N ÿ 2 discretization. For all problems considered, the results from PGD simulations were compared with those obtained by a standard solver and/or with the results found in the literature. The simulations performed showed that PGD is as accurate as standard solvers. PGD preserves the spectral behavior of the errors in velocity and pressure when the time step or the space step decreases. Moreover, for a given number of discretization nodes, PGD is faster than the standard solvers.


Objectives To explore the effects of budesonide(BUD) on airway remodeling and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and its expression in lung tissue of asthmatic rats.To provide a theoretical basis for the intervention and treatment of asthma.Methods Sixty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,asthma model group and BUD treated group,20 rats in each group.A rat asthma model was established by ovalbumin(OVA) challenging.BUD treated group was treated with inhaled BUD 1 mg/kg in 30 min per serving every other day for two weeks.After OVA challenge finished,the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for BALF and lung tissue collection.The level of TGF-β1 in BALF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the lung tissue were tested with immunohistochemical determination and Masson stain respectively.The computer image analysis system was used for measuring respiratory bronchiole smooth muscle thickness(μm) and the extent of epithelial damage score and other indicators of airway remodeling.Results Compared with that in the control group,TGF-β1 in BALF and lung tissue of asthma model group increased and were correlated significantly with the indicators of airway remodeling(P0.01) ;while that of BUD treated group reduced statistically significant than model group(P0.05).Pathology examination on asthma rat airway epithelial tissue showed the thickness of airway smooth muscle,the airway deposition of collagen in BUD treated group reduced obviously than asthma model group.Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 in the rat asthma airway worsens the airway remodeling.The effects of BUD on ameliorating the progression of airway remodeling may be partially made by reducing the expression of TGF-β1.


The article researches the aspects of the policy increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, which includes the creation of a really competitively system, first of all into the country. The level of a such providence has an important influence to the main criteria of the competitiveness of the national economy.


The current study aimed to evaluate environmental effects of neurocognitive baseline performance and overall symptom reports among student-athletes who took the ImPACT baseline assessment in a clinical setting or their home environment.

 Participants were selected from an archival de-identified database. The sample consisted of 1,893 (37.3% male and 62.7% female) student-athletes with a mean age of 19.71 years. All student-athletes were administered ImPACT as a neurocognitive baseline screener prior to the beginning of their respective sport. Student-athletes were further divided into two groups: 1. At-home (n=405), and 2. In-clinic (n=405). Multiple independent samples t-tests were utilized to compare mean composite scores between the two groups.

 The independent samples t-test yielded a significant difference between groups on the ImPACT reaction time composite score, t(1891)=3.81, p<.001, and total symptom score, t(1891)=1.74, p=.024. Student-athletes who completed ImPACT at home demonstrated a significantly higher (slower) reaction time while also reporting significantly fewer symptoms.

 When COVID-19 shut down our once-perceived "normal" societal function, university athletics were forced to change how they conducted concussion baseline screening for their student-athletes. The findings of the present study suggest the need for careful consideration regarding the environment of such neurocognitive baseline assessments as some factors including reaction time and total symptom report may be influenced by the test setting. Future studies should further explore possible confounding variables related to concussion assessment, such as test environment, that may be a unique precipitating factor of the COVID-19 pandemic.


In recent years, technology is not the rocket science but it cut both ways in terms of fast transmission and manipulation. Manipulation of data raises online data vulnerability and copyright issues. Digital watermarking comes out as one of the best solutions to deal with these issues. In this paper, various watermarking techniques reported in literature are reviewed. A simple digital watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition has been proposed in this paper. This proposed method helps to understand basic concept of digital watermarking. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. One of the major advantages of the proposed scheme is the robustness of the technique on wide set of attacks. 2162 Sunesh, Vinita Malik, Neeti Sangwan and Sukhdip Sangwan


In this study, we investigate the spin susceptibility in the superconducting state of a multilayer system with a layer-dependent Rashba spin–orbit coupling, representing a locally non-centrosymmetric superconductor. We show that the charge imbalance between different layers yields a strong layer dependence on the susceptibility, most significantly for a weak spin–orbit coupling, which is in contrast to a situation with an equally distributed charge. These results can be relevant for experimental test in multilayer high-\(T_{\text{c}}\) cuprates as well as in superconducting CeCoIn5/YbCoIn5 superlattices with more than two layers.


The NHS in England met its financial targets last year, but 71 NHS trusts exceeded their budgets and some are in serious financial difficulty, according to the government's senior accountant.

A total of £53.5bn ($95bn, €79bn) was spent by 607 individual NHS organisations (28 strategic health authorities, 304 primary care trusts, and 275 NHS trusts). Taken together they underspent their budgets by £96m, or 0.18% of total expenditure.

The Department of Health "met its target of ensuring that financial balance was achieved in aggregate," writes John Bourn, comptroller and auditor general, in the National …


In the ongoing national policy debate about how to best address serious mental illness (SMI), a major controversy among mental health advocates is whether drawing public attention to an apparent link between SMI and violence, shown to elevate stigma, is the optimal strategy for increasing public support for investing in mental health services or whether non-stigmatizing messages can be equally effective. We conducted a randomized experiment to examine this question. Participants in a nationally representative online panel (N=1,326) were randomized to read one of three brief narratives about SMI emphasizing violence, systemic barriers to treatment, or successful treatment and recovery or to a control arm. Narratives, or stories about individuals, are a common communication strategy used by policymakers, advocates, and the news media. Study results showed that narratives emphasizing violence and barriers to treatment were equally effective in increasing the public's willingness to pay additional taxes to improve the mental health system (55% and 52% versus 42% in the control arm). Only the narrative emphasizing the link between SMI and violence increased stigma. For the mental health advocates dedicated to improving the public mental health system, findings offer an alternative to stigmatizing messages linking mental illness and violence.


Static (lower bound) and kinematic (upper bound) theorems for shakedown analysis (and limit analysis as special case) are presented for two-phase, fully saturated poroplastic solids in a context characterized by the following features: quasi-static, non-associative, non-softening (perfect or hardening) poroplasticity; piecewise linearized yield loci and hardening; constant permeability (linear fluid transport law); small deformations; non-traditional Galerkin finite element discretization. With reference to cyclic (periodic) external actions, numerical examples centred on linear programming evidence the computational potentialities and limitations of 'direct' (non-evolutive) methods of integrity assessment according to limit-state design concepts in poroplasticity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Anxiety can occur from the commitment about childbirth that will be returned and prepared for all the needs of the baby. In Malaysia, research data shows 23.4% of pregnant women experience difficulties, while in Indonesia shows 71.90% experience difficulties. The form of exercise that can help pregnant women feel comfortable during pregnancy or until the birth process is Prenatal Gentle Yoga, which is a mind processing skill, in the form of overall physical, psychological and spiritual personality development techniques that can be performed by pregnant women every day. This study aims to determine the effect of Prenatal Gentle Yoga in reducing the Anxiety Level of Trimester III Pregnant Women. The type of research carried out includes quasi-experimental research (Quasi Experiment) with a Pre and Posttest One Group Design. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling. The sample in this study were 31 pregnant women who were physically and mentally healthy. Data analysis conducted in this research was in the form of univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the study have a significant effect with a p-value of 0,000 (α=0.05) which proves that there is an influence between the independent variable (prenatal gentle yoga) and the dependent variable (anxiety level) in reducing anxiety levels in trimester III pregnant women. The conclusion of this study shows that there is an influence between prenatal gentle yoga in reducing anxiety levels in trimester III pregnant women in PMB kereng bangkirai work area Palangka Raya city.


Background: The food grain and non-food grain crops occupy 48 and 68% area respectively under rain fed condition. Due to uneven rainfall, the rainfed crop suffers for want of adequate soil moisture at critical growth stages. Under such situation, protective irrigation ensures adequate soil moisture which results higher production. Crops like tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram are predominantly grown during kharif as rain fed crops. Relieving the soil moisture stress during the critical crop growth stages with more efficient irrigation system assumes importance in rain fed farming. Methods: An experiment was conducted for three years during kharif 2008, 2009 and 2010 at the College Farm, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agril. University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on a sandy loam soil to study the yield advantage of protective sprinkler irrigation to kharif grown rain fed tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram crops. The trial was conducted in strip plot design with protective sprinkler irrigations as main plots and rainfed kharif crops as sub-plots and replicated thrice. The three main treatments comprised of - one protective sprinkler irrigation at flower/peg/tassel initiation, two protective sprinkler irrigations at flower and fruiting, tassel and grain filling, peg formation and pod filling and flowering and pod filling stages and rain fed (control). The sub treatments consisted of four crops- tomato, maize, groundnut and red gram. Result: There was an increase in yield with one and two protective sprinkler irrigations by 16.7 and 27.9; 17.7 and 44 5; 26.4 and 34.5 and 21.1 and 28.9% over their corresponding rain fed crops of tomato, groundnut, maize and red gram, respectively. There was an increase of 20.4 and 31.6% in Maize Equivalent Yield (MEY) with one and two protective irrigations as compared to rain fed crop. The water productivity was lower in all the crops grown under rain fed conditions (0.77 kg MEY m-3) as compared to that of one and two protective irrigations.


This article reports the results of a package of environmentally-linked parking charging policies designed to reduce the environmental impact of the parking fleet in Winchester. These measures were implemented as part of the EU-sponsored CIVITAS MIRACLES project which ran from 2002 to 2006. The measures included a variable tariff for annual parking permit holders at several long stay car parks in the city centre, offering a discount of 75 percent or 50 percent for those vehicles in the two lowest CO2 tax bands, with free annual permits offered to owners of electric or hybrid vehicles. In addition, a differential parking charging policy was implemented to discourage long stay parking in the city centre and encourage the use of off-centre and peripheral car parks such as the Park and Ride. This article includes the results of the scheme, a review of other existing schemes and the conclusions and recommendations drawn from the evidence.


In order to create a safe and harmonious cyberspace environment for youth and protect them from the impact of bad information such as pornography, violence and gambling, most of the current solutions are to shield the sites containing this information. However some youth will take the initiative to seek out this bad information. In this paper we propose a method to analyze the searching behavior of youth and then to shield those keywords that may impact their health over time. We suggest that search engine operators provide keywords filtering technology to limit the searching behavior of youth. Operators should return to warning users who search keywords that contain bad information and record the searching log as feedback to parents. Of course parents should provide their IP addresses to the search engine operators first, to allow operators to set their IP addresses within the scope of supervising. Relying on search logs we count and classify keywords to understand the trend of youths' searching behavior and the areas that they often are interested in. Then we cluster the keywords in each area to get some main clusters and frequent keywords. Using this method we can grasp youths' searching behavior and protect them from the impact of bad information effectively.


After Yushu earthquake,the high school students during resuming class in different cities faced many stresses from study,life and psychology because of familial misfortune and mal-adjustment to unacquainted environment. Therefore,a series of psychological aiding methods in sociology were carried out step by step and the positive effects were achieved.Based on these,a new model of physiological aiding to the students was summarized. As a result,it is suggested that combination of the ethnologic culture with special social research methods is the effective measures during the psychological aiding.


Through making SWOT analysis on rail-sea intermodal transportation in Liuzhou, this paper puts forward the outer challenge and threat of the transportation, as well as inner-existing main advantages and disadvantages. The paper also discusses the development strategies of the transport construction planning in Liuzhou, and puts forward that promote the fast and sound development of rail-sea inter-modal transportation in Liuzhou through creating the its transportation center and implementing development strategy of the transportation.


This paper attempts to answer a long-standing question in South African archaeology: the age of stone-walled tidal fish traps generally believed to date back to pre-colonial times. Since the stone walls cannot be directly dated, we sought datable fish bone in nearby archaeological sites. Four open shell middens at Paapkuil Fontein, near Cape Agulhas, were excavated and analysed and the contents of two previously excavated middens at Still Bay were studied. Both areas are renowned for their numerous fish traps, but lack detailed archaeological studies. The middens yielded very little, if any fish bone, so are probably unrelated to the traps. There is, by contrast, a great deal of archival evidence for the building and use of stone fish traps by historical communities, with traps repeatedly built and dismantled in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Given the lack of any direct evidence in Later Stone Age sites, a pre-colonial ge for the practice of fishing with stone-walled tidal fish traps can no longer be entertained.


In order to supplement the traditional aids for the visually impaired, many different technologies are being explored to provide more accurate and useful information. In particular, vision systems generate visual information that can be used to provide guidance to the visually impaired. This paper presents a ID signal matching algorithm for stereo vision correlation as well as an embedded system that provides obstacle distance estimation to the user.


Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization of Data-Driven Scientific Workflows By SVEN K OHLER Dipl.-Inf. (Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany) 2005 M.S. (University of California, Davis) 2011 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPUTER SCIENCE in the OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS Approved: Professor Bertram Lud¨ascher, Chair Professor Todd J. Green Professor Vladimir Filkov Committee in Charge i


Chilo partellus (Swinhoe, 1885) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an invasive maize pest that can cause high yield losses. The pest has recently been introduced and established in eastern Mediterranean countries such as Türkiye. However, research regarding its expansion towards other regions in Türkiye and other countries is required. This study is the first to report the presence and abundance of the pest in South-eastern Türkiye provinces, Diyarbakır, Mardin, Ranlıurfa, and Rırnak as well as the infestation rate and its contribution to the stemborer-dependent infestation rates. There were significant differences between the abundances of the pest in different counties, while the infestation rate, the contribution to the stemborer-dependent infestation rate, and the contribution to the total stemborer population were not statistically different between counties. The pest was only recorded in three southern counties of Ranlıurfa, during routine September surveys in 2022 and was absent in Diyarbakır, Mardin, and Rırnak. Specimens were morphologically diagnosed, and for molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI-I) gene was performed. All specimens were confirmed as C. partellus. Further, phylogenetic analysis revealed intraspecific genetic variation and the similarity of the specimens to reference sequences from Africa.


Aplastic anemia (AA) is a non-neoplastic hematological disease closely associated with bone marrow failure which is typical of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The PNH clones can be detected in more than a half of AA patients at onset of the disease, and there is a probability for AA/PNH co-variants to progress to classic hemolytic PNH. At the same time, the AA patients treated by immunosuppressive therapy undergo the risk of disease transformation to MDS and acute myeloid leukemia. Currently known risk factors and possible precursors of such transformation are considered in the brief literature review. In addition to that, the paper provides a case report of AA/PNH transformation to MDS during complete AA remission after immunosuppressive therapy combined with a successful haploidentical transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells.


Objective: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease having a spectrum of non-motor to motor symptoms. Unrelated to motor symptoms of sensory, autonomic, and neuropsychiatric symptoms often appear early in the course of the disease. It is a remarkable observation that patients in the premotor phase can easily quit smoking without help. This study was intended to investigate the interrelation between nicotine and the partial loss of dopaminergic innervation in the ventrolateral striatum induced by 6-OHDA.
Methods: We used an experimental premotor parkinsonism model. The oral nicotine preference of rats was investigated with the two-bottle free choice method. The behaviors related to locomotor activity and emotional state were evaluated with a locomotor activity test, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming test. Histopathological evaluation was performed in the striatum by staining techniques using hematoxylin+eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry markers (caspase-3, and MAP-2).
Results: Bilateral 6-OHDA lesions did not lead to a significant alteration in the total locomotor activity or nicotine preference. Nicotine increased horizontal but decreased vertical movements in addition to increasing anxiolytic but also depressive effects in the OHDA lesion group. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the lesion group receiving nicotine compared to those not receiving nicotine.
Conclusion: Our experimental study points to the role of oral nicotine in male rats with bilateral striatal 6-OHDA lesions in the ventrolateral striatum. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between loss of dopaminergic innervation in the striatum and nicotine consumption.


Abstract Supplemental N fertilization significantly increased survival and yield of Elberta peach trees growing in a severe decline area. There was a trend for supplemental N plus dolomitic lime to give further increases in tree survival and individual tree yields but did not significantly influence nutrient content of leaves. Trees did not respond to peach root residue applications.


Simulation analysis on stability of car-following models appropriate to automatic safe headway control system are presented in this paper. Main contents are: three car-following models available for automatic safe headway control system are selected; under constraint condition of capacity, three selected car-following models, two typical leader-car driver behavior of suddenly stop and steady deceleration as well as variation of two main traffic parameters of headway and speed are simulated. According to the results of simulation analysis, a car-following speed-change control model appropriate to automatic safe headway control system is submitted.


Edema toxin of Bacillus anthracis is composed of protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF), a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. At least five different antigenic regions of EF were identified using a competitive-binding, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of paired monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Two mAbs, 9F5 and 7G10, inhibited the binding of 125I-EF to cell-bound PA. However, only 9F5 inhibited the elongation response of Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence of edema toxin. Cleavage of EF at the two aspartic acid-proline residues by acid hydrolysis resulted in three fragments: a C-terminal 17 kDa fragment, a central 53 kDa fragment, and an N-terminal 18 kDa fragment. Immunoblots of EF cleaved by formic acid mapped mAbs 9F5 and 7G10 to the N-terminal 18 kDa fragment, mAb 1E6 to the C-terminal 17 kDa fragment, and the remaining 7 mAbs to the central 53 kDa fragment. mAbs 7G10 and 9F5 defined an antigenic region within amino acids 1-156 of EF which is involved in interaction with PA in forming edema toxin.


Prevespa barthelemyi,belonging to family Vespidae,is a kind of social insect.We observed the structure of its nest and habitat in details.The results indicated that:(1) Those combs in the middle of nest were the major breeding areas;(2) Larvae and workers took up the most of the whole nest,with the ratio of more than 70 percent;(3) All the mature wasps,except for the queen,were female workers;(4) Although the activity of wasps,owing to the low temperature in the wintering period,decreased to some degrees,mass death didn't happen;thus,P.barthelemyi could live through the winter in the original nest.


Extreme geohazard events can change landscape morphology by redistributing huge volumes of sediment. Event‐driven sediment deposition is typically studied in unbuilt settings – despite the ubiquity of occurrence and high economic cost of these geohazard impacts in built environments. Moreover, sedimentary consequences of extreme events in built settings tend to go unrecorded because they are rapidly cleared, at significant expense, from streets and roads to facilitate emergency response. Reducing disaster costs requires an ability to predict disaster impacts, which itself requires comprehensive measurement and study of the physical consequences of geohazard events. Here, using a database of poststorm aerial imagery, we measure plan‐view geometric characteristics of sandy washover deposits in built and unbuilt settings following five different hurricane strikes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the US since 2011. We identify systematic similarities and differences between washover morphology in built and unbuilt environments, which we further explore with a simplified numerical model. Our findings suggest that spatial characteristics of the built environment (termed "fabric") – specifically, the built fraction of the depositional zone – exerts a fundamental control on the form of large deposits. Accounting for the influence of built fabric on the morphodynamics of flow‐driven geohazards is a tractable step toward improved forecasts of hazard impacts and disaster risk reduction.


To study the student's feedback on the one-month foundation course in the first year MBBS 2019 batch, which was introduced by the Board of Governors, in supersession of the Medical Council of India.150 first year MBBS students admitted for the academic year 2019-20 were included in the study. The skills taught include the medical profession and the physician's role in society, the MBBS program, alternate health systems in the country and history of medicine, Principles of primary care, Learning including self-directed learning, academic ambiance, Interpersonal relationships, English and local language skills, communication, use of information technology, computer skills, sports, and extracurricular activities, National health policies, Biohazard safety, Universal precautions, and vaccinationsPatient safety, Medical literature search, First Aid and Basic life support, Stress and Time Management, Medical ethics, and professionalism. The results were analyzed on the 31st day by students' feedback questionnaire.Positive feedback of 88.5 to 98.5% was recorded regarding the objectives of the course, contents, presentation, future value of the course in the students' career by a feedback questionnaire taken from the students.The one-month foundation course at the beginning of the first year of the MBBS will enable the first-year students to acquire the basic knowledge and skills required for the subsequent phases in the MBBS course and also in their medical practice and career.


Knowledge sharing is central to reducing inequality and alleviating poverty. However, communities in settings of extreme poverty are often bounded by distinct perspectives and understandings that hinder knowledge sharing. Furthermore, social fault lines may create internal boundaries that impede interaction, further complicating knowledge sharing. Despite these challenges, some knowledge sharing efforts are successful. The purpose of this study is to better understand how knowledge sharing overcomes boundaries in settings of extreme inequality and poverty. Using qualitative data from rural India, we find that boundary work performed by boundary spanners overcomes external and internal boundaries by creating space for action, observation, and reflection in the recipient community. These actions, or syncretizing mechanisms, transform newly introduced knowledge, which then facilitates further boundary work, resulting in community transformation. Under certain circumstances, we see how boundary work and syncretism can lead to significant knowledge and recipient transformation. Thus, we seek to contribute to the literature by more fully exploring the transformative power of knowledge sharing within contexts of extreme poverty, and by explaining the process by which it occurs.


Introduction and Aim: Diarrhoeal diseases are one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Multiple aetiologies and associated risk factors are responsible for diarrhoeal diseases in children. The present study aims to determine the microbial aetiology and possible risk factors of diarrhoea in children less than five years of age at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, Meerut in Western Uttar Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods: A total of 240 children < 5 years of age with history of acute diarrhoea of less than 7 days duration were included in the study. Microbial etiology of diarrhoea in children were looked for. Bacterial etiology was identified by standard bacteriological technique. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) were identified by gene-specific polymerase chain reaction. Rotavirus (RV) antigen was detected by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), parasites were identified by wet mount preparation and fungal etiology was identified by microscopy and culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar.

Results: Out of 240 stool samples, 152 were identified as known aetiology of diarrhea. Microbial etiology could be established in 133/240 (55.41%) stool samples. The most common microbial etiology was bacterial 63(47.36%) followed by rotavirus 35 (17.29 %), parasitic etiology in 22 (16.54%) and least common etiology was fungal in 13 (9.77%) cases. Among other etiology, Lactose intolerance was found in 19/240 (7.91%) cases. Mixed aetiology with two or more pathogen causing diarrhoea was seen in 27% cases.

Conclusion: Aetiological agents of diarrhoea could be identified in 63.3% cases. Causes of childhood diarrhoea is polymicrobial and preventable. Awareness and education especially to the mothers regarding the disease, safe drinking water, proper food intake and proper sanitation are key to overcome the burden of the preventable infectious diseases among children less than five years of age.


According to the features of the inherent high moisture content,multi oxygen function balls and difficult prepared high density coal water slurry,base on the mathematic model of the coal slurry ability and the index of the coal slurry ability evaluated,the paper ana- lyzed on the slurry ability of two kinds of low ranking coal and had a experiment research on the thermal power modification and the slurry ability.The results showed that with the modified temperature increased (from 200 to 350℃),the inherent moisture content and the vol- atile mass production of the two low ranking coal would be highly decreased and the hydrogen content and the oxygen and carbon rate would also be obviously decreased.The thermal power modification would not only obviously improve the coal quality features of the low ranking coal,but the slurry density would he increased with the modified temperature increased.


Results of two experiments and nine orchard trials over three seasons at eight fruit growing districts have shown that fruit shape of Richared, Lalla, Starking, Hi-Early and Common Delicious apples can be improved by applications of the commercial formulation of N-(phenylmethylkl H-purin-61 - 1 amine plus gibberellins A, + A, (Promalin). Promalin at 25 ppm significantiy increased both fruit length: diameter ratio and prominence of calyx lobes. These fruit were considered to have a more characteristic shape and thus said to be more 'typey'. Response varied between strains, and applications during early stages of flowering were more effective than applications after full bloom. The spraying of Promalin with a hand gun caused heavy overthinning and retention of many small fruit on the tree. Applications with air blast spray equipment at spray volumes of 750-1 100 I/ha gave good results. Some air blast applications induced mild fruit thinning, and in several cases seed number was reduced and stem length increased.


The world's most popular stimulant, caffeine, accounts for 80% of all caffeine consumption. It is widely used as a component in pharmaceuticals due to its high antioxidant and nutrient content, including phenol and polyphenol. On the presence of caffeine drinks are categorised as caffeinated and decaffeinated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on blood pressure among the young generation. This experimental study was conducted on 85 healthy individuals (both male and female, non hypertensive) between 18-28 years of age. Blood Pressure (BP) was measured by an automatic digital blood pressure monitor, before and after taking of coffee in 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Each participant ingested 100 mL of coffee prepared from 50 mg of caffeinated coffee in water. The consumption time of each individual was between 2- 4 minutes. It was noticed almost 65.7% participants were found normal while, a significant difference in 34.3% found in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after the intake of caffeinated coffee at p-value (<0.001).An increase of4.4 mmHg and 5.02 mmHg was found in systolic blood pressure after 60, 90 minutes respectively from the normal that is <20mm Hg. While, a slight increase was noticed in DBP after taking caffeinated coffee. No significant difference were seen after the congestion of decaffeinated coffee among participants. It was concluded by the study that individual responses can vary. There was increase in BP after taking caffeinated coffee. There was no significant effect found after decaffeinated coffee. Some people might be more sensitive to caffeine and feel its effects more strongly, while others might not notice much difference. Additionally, any effects from this small amount of coffee are likely to wear off relatively quickly, within a few hours at most.


In this work, electrochemical behaviors of 2,5,8-trioxa-16,20-diazatricyclo[20.4.0.09,14]-hexacosa-9,11,13,15,20,22,24,26-octaene (TPO) was investigated and mechanistic study was achieved in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) in acetonitrile on glassy carbon (GC) working electrode by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry. It was estimated by ultra microelectrode (UME) that this molecule is reduced by four-electron transfer. The reduction product adsorbed on the electrode surface, characterized by Raman spectroscopy, is a dimer. It was determined by using cyclic voltammetry that TPO is electroreduced by EC mechanism. Using digital simulation studies, EC mechanism was also indicated and the standard rate constant of the reduction step was calculated as well as the rate constants of the homogenous reaction.


T HIS demo presents unprecedented attack-defense results of a ground vehicle navigating to a meter-level accuracy in defense mechanism exploited signals from eight cellular long-term evolution (LTE) towers, whose positions were mapped prior to the experiment, from the U.S. cellular providers T-Mobile and Verizon, one of which was more than 52 km away from the ground vehicle. These signals were processed by the author's software-defined radio (SDR) to produce pseudorange measurements, which were fused through an extended Kalman filter to estimate the vehicle's trajectory. The defense mechanism achieved a position RMSE of 2.6 m exclusively with cellular LTE signals and no other sensors. The results are summarized in Fig. 2. Note that to obtain the vehicle's ground truth trajectory, a vehicle-mounted GNSS-IMU system was used, which utilized signals from the non-jammed GNSS constellations (Galileo and GLONASS). It is worth noting that the unprecedented 2.6 position RMSE achieved in this demo are an order of magnitude smaller than previously published results in the same environment, which achieved a position RMSE of 29.4 m. Further details can be found in the video.


The internet of things (IoT) and the smart city crusade has seen an exponential increase in the number of data points we collect. Cities can use this data for an exceedingly heterogeneous range of purposes such as traffic, parking and public safety. Quite evidently, public safety is an essential pillar of these interconnected, instrumented and intelligent cities. The big data from cyber‐physical systems and social media platforms can be used for predictive policing to identify potential criminal activities, abuse, offenders, and victims of abuse. This study offers a systematic literature review on the use of soft computing techniques for abuse detection in the complex cyber–physical–social big data systems in cognitive smart cities. The objective is to define and identify the diverse concept of abuse and systematize techniques for automatic abuse detection for cyber abuse detection on social media and real‐time abuse detection using IoT. The cyber abuse studies on social media platforms have further been categorized as cyber‐hate and cyberbullying whereas the real‐time abuse includes studies using Internet of cyber‐physical systems. As in a cognitive smart city, citizens expect more from their urban environments with minimal intervention, this study helps to establish the need to capture situational context and awareness in real‐time and foster the need to develop a proactive as well as reactive safety mechanism to mitigate the risks of online abuse. The need of the hour is to entrench self‐learning, thinking and understanding capabilities into the physical and social world for reinforcing intelligent mechanisms which can detect assaults and disorderly conduct.


The utility model relates to isolating and grounding switches with gas insulation. The isolating switch and the grounding switch are arranged in a metallic housing which is connected with the ground and is filled with insulating gas; the housing which is 't'-shaped is provided with four noses, one nose is used for fixing the static contact of the isolating switch, one corresponding nose along the shaft line direction is used for installing the static contact of the grounding switch, one of the other two noses is used for fixing an operating mechanism, and the other nose is used for supporting an intermediate conductor, the inner part of which is provided with a pair of rack-and-pinion gearing. The movable contact of the isolating switch and the movable contact of the grounding switch are relatively arranged on two end portions of the rack; one operating system can drive the movable contact of the isolating switch and the movable contact of the grounding switch to make the reciprocating motion in the intermediate conductor, accordingly, not only the cost is saved, but also the interlocking connection and the latching connection of the isolating switch and the grounding switch can be conveniently realized, and simultaneously, the occupied space of the elements can be reduced, and the product appearance is beautified.


Antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from Jatropha curcus L. seed shell was determined by evaluating the scavenging activity of superoxide anion radical( O-2·),2,2- diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical( DPPH·) and nitrite( NO-2),reducing power and total antioxidant capacity,taking the flavonoids concentration of its ethanol extracts for internal standard and comparing to vitamin C( VC) and Butylated hydroxytoluene( BHT).The results showed that the half inhibitory concentration( IC50) values of ethanol extracts from Jatropha curcus L.seed shell on O-2·was 0.502 mg /m L,lower than that of VC( 0.654 mg /m L).The IC50 values of ethanol extracts on DPPH·and NO-2were 0.185 and 0.494 mg / m L,respectively; both of them were lower than BHT's.When the flavonoids concentration of ethanol extracts in the range of 0.7 to 1.0 mg / m L,its reducing power was equal to that of VC,but stronger than that of BHT. In addition,the total antioxidant power increased with increasing of flavonoids concentration from0.1mg / m L to 1.0mg / m L,which was higher than that of BHT,lower than that of VCat the same concentration though.All of above indicated that ethanol extracts from Jatropha curcus L. seed shell had stronger antioxidant activity.


Pollination is an important ecosystem services closely related to grain products and food security. Recent research has shown that pollinator declines directly affect human wellbeing, which has attracted widespread attention from the global community. Fittingly, the "pollinator, pollination and food production assessment" was listed as a high priority rapid assessment in 2014–2018 work programme of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The summary for policymakers was adopted at the fourth plenary meeting of IPBES. Within the IPBES framework, we introduce the start point and main contents of the thematic assessment report and explored the relationship between this assessment and other processes and its potential impacts. We also analyze what was learned and current shortcomings. We propose the following actions: (1) to survey pollinator diversity and to assess the value of pollination services; (2) to establish pollination monitoring system; (3) to analyze the risk factors and formulate pollinator conservation and restoration activities; (4) to optimize farming modes and to enhance policy support; and (5) to expand publicity and increase public participation.


Just to coordinate individuals and themselves and others,social relations with the guiding principles of behaviour.The principles of justice is the moral history of mankind outstanding heritage is the core values of socialism,is the socialist market economic development needs,is the right to deal with members of the community themselves and others,social relations subjective conditions,is a socialist moral system minimum principles.


Various pedological soil classification systems exist worldwide, including an internationally accepted system and various national systems, many of which have been incorporated into databases that include maps. Various physical and chemical soil properties are used for classifying soils according to these pedological systems. This paper proposes an approach which may be used to determine the engineering properties of soils from the physical and chemical properties that are used to pedologically classify soils by systems, and, in particular, the South African Binomial System. These engineering properties include the USCS and AASHTO classification groups which may, in turn, be used as a means of rapidly determining the general suitability of areas for proposed development, particularly during the reconnaissance investigation stages of transportation route locations and township developments, with a resultant saving of time and money. The model was verified using data from the study area, as well as from an area located approximately 190 km from the study area. A total of 88% of the classification groups determined by the model, in the study area, were correct. Furthermore, only 6% of the classifications were incorrect by a maximum of two groups. The classifications determined for the soils outside the study area were all correct.


Neural dynamics can be non-stationary in many neural applications such as brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs) and long-term brain stimulation. Adaptive modeling is a useful approach in tracking the neural non-stationarities. Our prior work has tracked time-variant linear state-space models (LSSM) to describe human electrocorticogram (ECoG) dynamics. One key design parameter in adaptive LSSM identification is the forgetting factor, which could significantly influence the accuracy of the fitted model. However, this influence has not been systematically studied yet. Here, we use comprehensive numerical simulations to investigate the effect of the forgetting factor on identifying time-variant LSSMs. We simulate non-stationary neural activity using time-variant LSSMs and use different forgetting factors to track time-variant LSSMs and predict the simulated activity. We find that the prediction accuracy of the fitted models strongly varied with the choice of the forgetting factor. We also find that the optimal forgetting factor that led to the highest prediction accuracy varied as a function of various properties of the simulated time-variant LSSMs. Our results have implications for building more accurate adaptive models to track non-stationary neural network dynamics and can facilitate the investigation of neural non-stationarity using the adaptive models.


Boric acid is generally added to buffer the pH and improve the life expectancy of a nickel plating bath. The plating industry has requested alternatives to boric acid because its use will be restricted in the future. In this study, the hull cell, pH buffer correlation and cathode current efficiency tests were conducted using 21 different substitute buffering agents. From these 21 agents, acetic acid, propionic acid, nickel acetate and citric acid showed the same appearance and buffering ability as boric acid. Physical properties, such as Vickers hardness, tensile strength and internal stress test were measured on nickel samples made using these four buffering agents, as well as boric acid. When using these four organic compounds, the internal stress somewhat higher compared with a standard boric acid bath, but the other physical properties were almost all the same, except in the case of citric acid. It was found that citric acid produced samples with higher Vickers hardness. For all the buffers, as current density increased, Vickers hardness decreased and tensile strength increased. The physical properties of samples made with these buffers show the same trends vs. current density as those made with boric acid bath.


ABSTRACT This report describes the creation of a library research center, where a team of librarians provide flexible, convenient, and personalized research assistance to students. A research center creates a positive user experience for students and places collaboration—both among librarians and students—at its core. Next-generation reference models must provide spaces and environments for students and librarians to engage in meaningful and deep information literacy conversations as outlined in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.


A novel four-dimensiond hyperchaos system with only one nonlinear term is reported. The Lyapunov exponents spectrum, periodic orbit, quasi- periodic orbit, and the chaos and hyperchaos attractor of this system are obtained. A circuit is designed to realize this system by electronic workbench. A synchronization method for the new hyperchaotic systems is established and the mathematical proof of the method is provided. The nonlinear terms in the response system are not dropped. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method is effective.


Abstract The washer plasma gun is widely used to produce pulsed plasma and has various applications in plasma physics. A washer plasma gun and a Guillemin-E type pulse forming network are designed and fabricated in the laboratory to produce pulsed argon plasma in the Compact Plasma System. The spectroscopic signals of pulsed plasma are taken through toughened float glass at a distance of about 0.3 m from the plasma gun by a USB4000 digital spectrometer. Assuming the gun plasma is in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Boltzmann plot method and the line ratio method are used to measure the excitation/electron temperature of pulsed plasma with different base pressure varying from 0.2 mbar to 1 mbar. The excitation/electron temperature of the plasma increases slightly with increasing base pressure within the range of 0.2 mbar to 0.8 mbar and then decreases slightly at a pressure of 1 mbar. Both methods produce almost similar results in temperature measurement, but the Boltzmann Plot method is most accurate than line ratio method and widely used method to obtain the excitation/electron temperature of plasma in Local Thermodynamic equilibrium condition.


Summary Alternative defi nitions for growth and removals from a forest being monitored over time are discussed. It is shown that the defi nitions that are used in practice may not be what one would expect and estimates can vary substantially under alternative defi nitions. This can result in conclusions about forest sustainability that may be misleading. Alternative defi nitions are applied to selected states using US Department of Agriculture Forest Service inventory data. Standard errors of growth over removals ratios are used to indicate potential sustainability problems for selected forest types.


Privacy plays a crucial role in the internet era, where many applications allow people to communicate and use their services through the internet. Privacy-preserving Identity Management (PPIdM) system is a scheme that helps manage users' identities and protects users' privacy by enabling users to authenticate themselves without disclosing their real identities. The PPIdM system also allows users to reveal some minor identity attributes while others remain secret selectively. However, anonymity also encourages malicious users to break the system's policy and commit crimes since their real identities are anonymous. Existing PPIdM systems use the identity provider (IP) as a medium to verify users' identity attributes, record all users' real identities, and ensure that malicious users' identities are traceable. Therefore, users' identities are hidden from all entities but the IP. However, the user's privacy is vulnerable because there is nothing to guarantee that the IP is always honest and not curious about their users' activities and private information. This paper proposes a PPIdM system on the blockchain that helps users manage their identity attributes and keeps their real identities secret from all entities, including the IP. Still, the system's consensus can trace malicious users' real identities if they violate the system's policy. The PPIdM's security requirements are analyzed and proved informally using the game-based proof scheme. The main idea of this study is to combine zk-SNARK, a type of zero-knowledge proof (ZKP), Shamir's secret sharing (SSS), and several other cryptographic techniques.


This paper aims to investigate financial statement comparability in the extractive industry. This paper focuses on the extractive industry because International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) contain limited guidance on the accounting treatment for exploration and evaluation (E&E) costs and IFRS 6 – Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources allowed firms to continue with existing divergent accounting treatment of E&E costs.,The authors use data from Australia, a country that adopted IFRS in 2005 with a large extractive industry. They also compare changes in cross-country comparability around the IFRS adoption date between Australian firms and adopters relative to Australian firms and non-adopters to better isolate changes in comparability that are attributable to the adoption of IFRS from other sources that are not related to the adoption of IFRS. The authors measure comparability consistent with De Franco et al. (2011) where financial statements are comparable when two firms produce similar accounting amounts for similar economic events.,For non-extractive industry firms, the authors find the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms increased with other adopters and that this increase was relatively greater than the increase with non-adopter firms. This evidence is consistent with comparability benefits associated with the adoption of IFRS. However, for extractive industry firms, the authors do not find a significantly greater increase in the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms with adopters relative to the increase with non-adopters, suggesting that the increase is likely not associated with the adoption of IFRS. In additional analysis, they find that following IFRS adoption non-extractive Australian firms have greater within-country comparability relative to extractive Australian firms, while there was no difference in the pre-adoption period.,The evidence suggests that the divergent practices for E&E costs under IFRS 6 and the lack of an accounting standard that deals with matters relating to the extractive industry hinder the comparability of financial statements in this industry.


Phytoextraction is an emerging cost-effective solution for remediation of contaminated soils which involves the removal of toxins especially Heavy metals by roots of the plants with subsequent transport to aerial plant organs. In the present investigation, the phytotoxicity of lead on growing sunflower (Helianthus annuus .L) was studied. The plants were exposed to 5, 10,15,20,25 and 30 ppm of effluent water for a period of 1,2,3,4 & 5 weeks. The extent of damage to chlorophyll, plant height, plant width, dry weight, fresh weight was evaluated. This is a preliminary study to develop a method for treating industrial waters that are contaminated with lead. Lead uptake by sunflower was monitored by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Maximum accumulation of Heavy metals was found in root than leaf and stem. The Physical ,Biological parameters along with metal accumulation in plants was found to be increased with increase in concentration of effluent water up to 15 ppm followed by decline with high dosage of metal concentration.


As far back in 380 BC, philosophers have thought about, and debated about the ideal community. Thinking around such work was perhaps best captured in Plato's The Republic, where he began with the attempt to define justice – highlighting that 'it concerns the way we ought to live' (Ferrari, 2000, p 28). In that light, he also lamented that 'the unjust man enjoys life better than the just' (ibid, p 35) and argued for the need to address these issues in order to achieve a 'just' community. These thoughts by Plato were later made popular by Sir Thomas More's Utopia in 1516, describing a fictional island with an outwardly perfect social system. Since this famous work, communities, philosophers, researchers, writers, and the like – have used Utopia to refer to the desire for an ideal society. The study and desire for the commons today (Pang et al, 2008) reflect a core belief in such epitomes. Likewise, Hardin's (1968) aBSTRaCT


In this paper, we research the existence of a 2-dimensional invariant whiskered torus for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in whole space by constructing a Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem for the system of continuous spectra.In this paper, we research the existence of a 2-dimensional invariant whiskered torus for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in whole space by constructing a Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem for the system of continuous spectra.


The research aim of this project was to develop a sensor capable of detecting mercury in gaseous flow in alumina refineries for a concentration range from 1 to 10 mg/m3 at temperatures of 20-80 °C. The objectives were set to monitor the mercury in an ind


The main objective of this research is to analyze the vital impact of macroeconomic factors on the stock market performance in Sri Lanka. All the factors which have a direct impact on the working of the emerging stock market have hereby studied. The relationship between the pivotal factors such as inflation, gross domestic product, interest rates, and exchange rates has been properly conducted with the assistance of the indexes. The results of the analysis revealed that all these factors have an inseparable impact over the performance of the stock market and Sri Lankan stock market performance has eventually over gone through many ups and downs because of them as well. It has been revealed that among all the factors that have been discussed, inflation and exchange rates have comparatively higher effects on the stock market performance. It shows a fluctuation because of the unpredictable nature of these factors. Colombo Stock Exchange has seen a tremendous change in its performance over a period for which these factors have played a prominent as well as a vital role in it its functioning.


The invention provides an interface regional scrolling control method. The method has the advantages that region division is performed on a to-be-scrolled interface so as to automatically lock a to-be-scrolled area and a to-be-scrolled direction, the effective continuous scrolling directions and ranges are effectively identified by monitoring touch control events and according to the touch control events, automatic scrolling is achieved according to the effective continuous scrolling directions and ranges, regional scrolling control of the to-be-scrolled interface is achieved, and directness, accuracy and safety of scrolling are achieved. The invention further provides an interface regional scrolling control system.


This paper establishes the specific construction of BGA packages under board-level by using the finite element analysis software. Study the cycling shear loading mechanical behavior of the BGA packages under board-level in different cycling times, shear loading value and the number of solder joints. The result shows that position or area to the joint which has the biggest stress and strain is unchanged to the specific construction of BGA package under board-level through the whole cycling shear loading process. And the phenomenon will become more obvious with the increase of the number of solder joints. The largest stress and strain zone is the downward part of the first solder joint which is far away from the loading. The residual stress and strain of each solder joint to BGA package under board-level will increase while the cycling shear loading times increase. And the resistance ability to strain will increase with the increase of the number of solder joints under the same shear loading condition.


We have investigated the solvent effects on Δlog Ks (the difference of stability constant of binding) and the different free energies of binding of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6, i.e., the selectivity of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6 using a Monte Carlo simulation of statistical perturbation theory (SPT) in diverse solvents. The stability constant (Δlog Ks) of binding of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6, in CH3OH was calculated in this study as −1.06 agrees well with the different experimental results of −0.44 ~ −0.6, respectively. We have reported here the quantitative solvent-polarity relationships (QSPR) studied on the solvent effects the relative free energies of binding of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6. From the calculated coefficients of QSPR, we have noted that solvent polarity (ET) and Kamlet -Taft's solvatochromic parameters (β ) dominate the differences in relative solvation Gibbs free energies of Nd and Eu ions but basicity (Bj) dominates the negative values in differences in the stability constant (Δlog Ks) as well as the relative free energies of binding of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6 and acidity (Aj) dominates the positive values in differences in the stability constant (Δlog Ks) as well as the relative free energies of binding of Nd and Eu ions to 18-crown-6.


Now that neoliberalistic finance capitalism that started from the United States collapses, the entire world is awakened to think about market fundamentalism again. The world again emphasizes the necessity and role of appropriate regulations from the government; it also begun to have in depth discussions on new system of capitalism where the value of community is recovered. In 2007, Korea Development Institute(KDI) with some scholars proposed the development of the Communal Capitalism, which is defined as the capitalism that individual economic incentives are guaranteed at maximum and free-will sharing and thanksgiving movement through creative methods become a culture and the Economy of Grace. This is under the economic justice that is based on the Integrity and God-given rights of the socially weak people to make "a community where everyone lives better and healthier". The key success factor for the Communal Capitalism is enhancement of the Social Enterprise which has the fundamental spirit of using the business power to create the better world. This paper studies the importance of the Communal Capitalism as the enhancement of the social enterprise and also analyzes the successful model of the Social Enterprises.


CONTENTS §1. Introduction §2. Statement of the result Chapter I. The simplest properties of geodesic flows and Laplace-Beltrami operators on Liouville surfaces §3. The geodesic flow on a Liouville surface §4. The Laplace-Beltrami operator on a Liouville surface and its eigenfunctions Chapter II. Asymptotic analysis of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues §5. Integrable quantum systems: introduction §6. Asymptotic formulae for eigenvalues. Geometric interpretation of the spectral function §7. Asymptotic analysis of the system (4.3): reduction to a standard form §8. Asymptotic representations of the solutions of equation (7.5) in Weber functions §9. Proof of Theorem 6.1: derivation of the quantization rules Chapter III. Asymptotic behaviour of the number of points of a two-dimensional lattice in a family of homothetic domains §10. Survey of number-theoretic results §11. Statistical properties of the function : statement of the result and idea of the proof §12. The Poisson summation formula and other auxiliary results §13. Application of the method of stationary phase §14. Existence of a limit distribution for the function §15. Analytic properties of the limit distribution §16. Proof of Theorems 11.3 and 11.4 §17. Proof of the auxiliary assertions §18. Proof of Theorems 2.1 and 6.2 Appendix I. Weber functions (parabolic cylinder functions) Appendix II. Besicovitch almost periodic functions Appendix III. Polars of curves and their simplest properties References


The anthropologist Ernest Gellner writes that the Marxist world of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union and that of Islam are mirror-images of one another in two key respects. In Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union the Marxistfaith has collapsed and people are yearning for the return of pluralistic civil society in preference to strong, centralized states. But there has been no loss offaith in the Muslim world, and though civil society has been eroded in Islamic societies there is little callfor its return. Gellner offers an explanation of how these parallelisms came about.


The aims of this mixed-method research were to study the components of community excellence of sustainable environmental literacy and develop an environmental management model based on community way of life for enhancing community excellence of sustainable environmental literacy in Pathumthani Province. It was conducted during March to August 2019. The samples consisted of experts and the individuals working in community environmental work in Pathumthani Province, selected by the purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interview and questionnaire schedule was constructed and used as tool for data collection; and the data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and content Analysis. It was found that the components of community excellence of sustainable environmental literacy were (1) community data base, (2) the media and learning center, (3) regular community environment activities, 4) environment network, and (5) environment management model. The environmental management model based on community way of life for enhancing community excellence of sustainable environmental literacy in Pathumthani Province consisted of 5 complements: (1) concepts: mindset and local wisdom; (2) principles: promotion of awareness, learning and participation; (3) goals: environment literacy, environment sustainability; (4) process: social trend, community awareness, resource and community learning, public meeting, community participation, and best practice; and (5) evaluation: self-reliance/ stainable community, community literacy, and environment network. The model was considered highly appropriate in promoting community excellence of sustainable environmental literacy in Pathumthani Province (Mean=3.54, SD=0.574); and the model could be applied to the context of the society in the province (Mean=3.41, SD=0.875). There were 2 factors that could positively affect environmental management model based on community way of life: (1) existing environmental volunteer in community, and (2) availability of technologies to supporting community learning.


Significance How does society maintain the high levels of prosociality in humans, which are so puzzling to explain? Previous laboratory evidence suggests that human social networks play a critical role; however, if and how this role is played out in field settings is not well understood. We demonstrate that intrinsic social preferences, such as fairness and altruism, cluster and spread in human real-world friendship networks. More importantly, however, our findings show that individuals do not choose friends based on cooperativeness—friendship networks influence whether individuals become cooperative or selfish. We conclude that social learning contributes substantially to the ontogeny of prosociality, signifying the role of culture for the development and maintenance of large-scale human cooperation. While it is undeniable that the ability of humans to cooperate in large-scale societies is unique in animal life, it remains open how such a degree of prosociality is possible despite the risks of exploitation. Recent evidence suggests that social networks play a crucial role in the development of prosociality and large-scale cooperation by allowing cooperators to cluster; however, it is not well understood if and how this also applies to real-world social networks in the field. We study intrinsic social preferences alongside emerging friendship patterns in 57 freshly formed school classes (n = 1,217), using incentivized measures. We demonstrate the existence of cooperative clusters in society, examine their emergence, and expand the evidence from controlled experiments to real-world social networks. Our results suggest that being embedded in cooperative environments substantially enhances the social preferences of individuals, thus contributing to the formation of cooperative clusters. Partner choice, in contrast, only marginally contributes to their emergence. We conclude that cooperative preferences are contagious; social and cultural learning plays an important role in the development and evolution of cooperation.


How do literary critics distinguish between 'story' and 'plot', between a symbol and an image, or between 'tone' and 'mood'? How do we define 'realism', 'modernism', and 'postmodernism'? What do narrative theorists mean by 'frequency' and 'distance'? In the revised, expanded and updated fifth edition of this standard introduction to the novel, these questions and many others are answered in a way that is readable and entertaining without being simplistic. Two new chapters which deal with fiction and the electronic media, and film adaptations of fictional works, are added. Discussion of cyberfiction has been included, the treatment of the novella has been expanded, and more tips on writing essays and answering exam questions are provided. Widely acclaimed for its erudite yet accessible explanations, Studying the Novel is an invaluable guide to the essential concepts and approaches for all students of the novel. It assumes no previous academic study of the subject.


The rate of takeovers in social groups of Presbytis entellus was studied in two different areas: an area shared with human residents and Ambagarh Reserve Forest. Population densitie


The present invention relates to a microfluidic device for analyzing the chemotaxis of bacteria and a chemotaxis analyzing method using the same and, more specifically, to a microfluidic device which is formed by attaching a mold (61) including a microfluidic channel to a substrate (51) by comprising: a first microfluidic channel (12) which is connected to a first discharge hole (13) and a first accommodating part (11) which accommodates first solution; a second microfluidic channel (22) which is connected to a second discharge hole (23) and a second accommodating part (21) which accommodates second solution; and a detection channel (31) in which the first microfluidic channel (12) and the second microfluidic channel (22) cross. Between the detection channel (31) and the second microfluidic channel (22), a pair of air channels (43) capable of accommodating air in the upper part is arranged across a crossing channel (42) of 1-10 μm in a width direction and a diffusion channel (41) is formed to have a depth of 1-10 μm which is shallower than 1/3 of the depth of the second microfluidic channel.


Isopropenylmethyldiphenylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenyl-1-phenylvinylphosphonium bromide (5) have been prepared and characterized. Their reactivity with alcohols and amines has been compared with that of triphenylvinylphosphonium bromide. Evidence is presented for the formation of an allylically stabilized anion upon treatment of the salt (1) with base. Treatment of the salt (5) with piperidine results in a cleavage reaction.


Stability is an important system property. In this paper we examine the steps toward fully automated stability verification for a class of discrete-time hybrid systems. These systems are hybrid in the sense that they can have several modes with possibly different discrete-time dynamics. For systems with affine discrete-time dynamics in each mode, we employ a method that is based on Lyapunov theory and reduces the verification task to convex optimization. We detail the steps that are needed for automatic stability verification using this method: 1) choice of a state space partitioning 2) calculation of possible transitions between the different regions of the partitioning and 3) conversion of the problem into linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved through convex optimization. For steps 2) and 3) we present solutions that are suitable for full automation.


Erros in action or those of omission are rarely interpreted with regard to possible temptations in the objectives or restraints of, for example, possibilities provided by gene technology. These temptations cannot be prevented by means of ethical norms. Dilthey's method of the "Dual Relationship of Experience (Erleben) and Understanding" can make it clear that the subjective definition of problems can be so attractive that self-assessment of the possible consequences of an action or an omission is overlooked or even suppressed.


Water chemistry of 20 pristine lakes in Darwin National Reserve, Northwest Russia were studied over 6 years. Primary source of pollution is atmospheric deposition of sulfate. Water pH among lakes ranged from 4.2 to 6.8 (winter), and water color from 20 to 500 Hazan units. Ionic compounds were derived primarily from atmospheric input and its transformation through local catchments. Seepage lakes in small sphagnum (mostly) catchments displayed water chemistry closely associated with atmospheric inputs: high sulfate and low cation concentrations, and consequently, low pH. In contrast, drainage lakes of primarily forested watersheds were characterized as brown colored with relatively high levels of calcium and magnesium, and displayed less influence by sulfate deposition. Such lake types have water pH of 6.0--7.0. Total nitrogen content was correlated to water pH, whereas total phosphorus was similar among lakes except for lakes with significant groundwater inflow. Seasonal fluctuations in chemical properties were more pronounced in neutral lakes than in acidic lakes. Average annual sulfate concentrations decreased over the last six years, with a corresponding but nonsignificant increase in Ca and Mg. No temporal changes in nutrients were evident. The high diversity and proximity of lakes in this local provide the opportunity to monitor themore » fate of atmospheric pollution and its affect on lake water chemistry.« less


As we read those parts of Josephus'1 works which coincide with the Apostolic Age (in round figures A.D. 30–70) we encounter a number of references to certain prophetic figures. In the absence of existing descriptive titles we will refer to them as the Jewish Sign Prophets.


. According to existing submarine model with cross-form rudder, achieving the model transformation from cross-form rudder to X-form rudder combining with the submarine maneuverability principle. This article mainly analyzes the rudder effects of control surface between the former cross-form rudder and the later X-form rudder, which shows the advantages of X-form rudder. Finally using the Matlab software to simulate the rudder effects so that could verify this assumption.


This report documents the improvements and enhancements made by Pratt & Whitney to two NASA programs which together will calculate noise from a rotor wake/stator interaction. The code is a combination of subroutines from two NASA programs with many new features added by Pratt & Whitney. To do a calculation V072 first uses a semi-empirical wake prediction to calculate the rotor wake characteristics at the stator leading edge. Results from the wake model are then automatically input into a rotor wake/stator interaction analytical noise prediction routine which calculates inlet aft sound power levels for the blade-passage-frequency tones and their harmonics, along with the complex radial mode amplitudes. The code allows for a noise calculation to be performed for a compressor rotor wake/stator interaction, a fan wake/FEGV interaction, or a fan wake/core stator interaction. This report is split into two parts, the first part discusses the technical documentation of the program as improved by Pratt & Whitney. The second part is a user's manual which describes how input files are created and how the code is run.


This paper reviews the literature on the various aspects of sisal fibers and it"s composites with a particular reference to chemical modifications. A major drawback of natural fibers is their polarity which makes it incompatible with hydrophobic matrix. This incompatibility leads to poor interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix. This in turn leads to impaired mechanical properties of the composites. This defect can be controlled by mercerization of fibers so as to make it less hydrophilic. The latest trends in surface modifications to improve interface adhesion for improvement in mechanical properties of sisal fibers are also discussed. This review also focuses on the influence of fiber content and fabrication methods, which can significantly affect the mechanical properties of sisal fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Recent research about chemical modifications of sisal fiber-reinforced composites, have also been presented.


We show that the pupil responds to the small area being gazed when it is flashed. The experiments revealed that the pupil reacts to the brightness of the small area being gazed at. Surprisingly, the resolution is 1.6 degrees at the viewing angle. This is equivalent to the spatial resolution of a 21 x 16 mm area at a distance of 60 cm. Finally, the feasibility of the new findings is demonstrated by applying it to character input.


Wire bond evaluation is crucial in determining its quality. With the increase in use of copper wire bonds, this becomes even more important due to its nature to induce defects such as pad cracking. Bond shear testing is a widely used method to assess wire bond quality. Standards for evaluating wirebonds by shear test are in place (JEDEC, ASTM, IEC, etc.) however, they do not prescribe factors that affect results, making it difficult to compare the quality of bonds made in different conditions. Bond pad thickness is a major factor, studied in detail in this work. It is shown from a design of experiment and through finite element analysis, that bond pad thickness affects the bond shear strength value, while the IMC % coverage and shear mode are not dependent on pad thickness.


Abstract. The clinical efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing 0.150 mg desogestrel+0.030 mg ethinylestradiol was studied by nine Scandinavian investigators in a total of 198 women and 2055 cycles. The preparation was found to be highly effective, and a low incidence of minor adverse side effects was reported. The incidence of spotting and breakthrough bleeding, though initially rather high, decreased over the first six cycles, and coincided with a high incidence of missed tablets. No serious side effects occurred, and there were few withdrawals because of complaints suspected of being attributable to the preparation.


Generally, high-rise building has different character from common buildings in terms of urban, architectural and engineering part. High-rise building which is naturally irreversible with this character requires a great deal of concerns in its planning and execution, and needs synthetic process between related specialty parts. The purpose of this study is on the establishment of evaluation model for high-rise office building, and its subject is as follows. (1) Theoretical consideration for the building evaluation: concept and characteristic of building evaluation, concept and evaluation factors of building performance. (2) Study for evaluation models of office buildings: main issue and current tendencies of office evaluation, office environmental evaluation system by Vischer and REN(The Real Estate Norm) by Jonge & Gray. (3) Establishment of evaluation model for high-rise office building: this study proposed HOBEM as High-rise Office Building Evaluation Model. HOBEM is composed of four parts which are user, client, performance and related facts of building. The each part is subdivided as follows, which are 6 elements of the user part, 9 elements of the client part, 24 elements of the building performance part and 16 elements of the building related part. And also, the characteristic elements of HOBEM are described as follows. First, it is a model utilized for office building planning with the evaluation result by user's point of view. Second, it is a model to include a group of people such as user, client and architect etc. who are related to building and building performance. Third, it is a synthetic evaluation model to use the survey of behavior, site and interview etc. as well as the investigation of basic data and user's satisfaction.


Disasters are often followed by a convergence of individuals and organisations, such as government and aid workers, media personnel and researchers, into affected communities. External aid agents can be crucial to providing rescue, emergency healthcare, and necessities for the survival of affected communities in the direct aftermath of a disaster. Other parties such as media and government personnel as well as researchers can play a crucial role in assisting the community and collecting and disseminating much-needed information. At the same time, a sudden, large-scale interaction with outside forces can be intrusive and cause problems for affected communities. Following the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2006, the wave of national and international individuals and agencies that arrived in some tsunami-affected areas was so large and difficult to manage that it was said to create a subsequent human-made disaster, which some activists have referred to as "a second tsunami". Disaster-affected communities are often in a position of great need of external assistance. By definition, "a disaster is the result of exposure to a hazard that threatens personal safety, disrupts community and family structures, and results in personal and societal loss creating demands that exceed existing resources". A disaster makes it more difficult for affected communities to control who enters the area, as well as the nature of the interaction. Communities may have lost their normal regulatory mechanisms. Disaster overwhelms local resources and alters the community's normal activities, strains and disrupts social support, A R T I C L E S


PURPOSE: To obtain a microparticle formulation having a continuously sustained release character over a specific time by adding a solution of a peptide medicinal, etc., to a solution of a polymeric base material to effect dispersion followed by addition of a phase inducer and an oil-in-water emulsion. CONSTITUTION: This microparticle formulation is obtained by the following process: (A) a polymeric base material is dissolved in a solvent insoluble for the medicinal compound (pref. a water-soluble peptide), (B) a solution of the medicinal compound prepared by dissolving the compound in a solvent insoluble for the polymer is added to the solution in the process A to effect dispersion, (C) a phase inducer is added to the resultant dispersion to induce the formation of microparticles, (D) an oil-in-water emulsion is added to the above dispersion to effect coagulation of the microparticles, and (E) the microparticles are recovered to obtain the objective microparticle formulation. In an embodiment, for example, an aqueous medium solution of somatostatin at 2.5 g/10 mL and an organic solvent solution of polylactide-co-glycolide at 40 g/100 mL incompatible with the above aqueous medium are vigorously mixed with each other in a weight ratio of e.g. (1:16) and via the above processes C to E, to obtain the microparticles.


This paper examines people's perceptions of class and class differences—in general and with regard to personal relationships. Data from an original survey on personal networks (n=195) shows that most people think they are middle class, although many lower class respondents classify themselves as working class. In addition, according to respondents, most of their network members have a similar class position. Follow-up in-depth interviews with 27 respondents focus on respondents' criteria for classification and reveal that people perceive themselves as middle class not so much because their network is class-homogeneous (and people thus fail to recognize the class hierarchy) but rather because they contrast themselves with people of higher and lower class positions, finding themselves 'in the middle'—sometimes articulated as 'ordinary' or 'average'—and thus middle class. People further recognize class hierarchy and the complexity of class, pinpointing various aspects of class. Although people were quite willing and able to classify themselves and their network members, they seem less willing to recognize a class hierarchy, stressing that people are equal, 'downgrading' the upper class and 'upgrading' network members. Finally, I suggest that class-talk is 'classed' itself: those who saw class only in terms of income are mostly lower-educated while those who saw class also in terms of practices and taste are mostly higher-educated. The conclusion elaborates on what this might mean for the recognition of inequality and the engagement of urban middle class with urban residents of lower class positions.


OBJECTIVE To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tranilast drops in treatment of allergia conjunctivitis.METHODS A multi-center,randomized,single-blind,positive-control,and non-inferior clinical trial was carried out in 227 patients.113 patients with 113 eyes were assigned to tranilast drops group(experimental group),and 114 patients with 114 eyes were assigned to sodium cromoglicate drops(control group).RESULTS The cure rates in tranilast group and sodium cromoglicate after 28 d treatment were 30.97% and 26.32%,respectively(P=0.393 6),and the efficacy rate of the two groups were 91.15% and 83.33%,respectively(P=0.063 6);the lower limit of the confidence interval of the difference between the two groups was 0.59% and statistic u was 4.021(P=0.000 0).Tranilast drops was not inferior to sodium cromoglicate drops.The incidences of adverse events in the two groups were 7.50% and 4.17%,respectively(P0.05),and the incidences of adverse reactions in the two groups were 3.33% and 0.83%,respectively(P0.05).The symptoms of adverse reactions included dizziness,eye irritation,nasal obstruction,cough,gastrointestinal discomfort and abnomal white blood cell count.CONCLUSION Tranilast drops is safe and effective in treatment of allergia conjunctivitis.


In this study, the Monte Carlo approach was successfully applied to solve the framework of LTA zeolite from X-Ray powder data. In this work the samples of LTA zeolite were synthesized from the two precursors of aluminate and silicate. The characterization was accomplished by using X-Ray diffraction powder. Then the obtained spectra were indexed to obtain the unit cell using DICVOL (1), ITO (2), and TREOR (3) programs. The research of the best space group is come up with CHECKGROUP (4) program. Afterward, the structure modeling of LTA zeolite was made in direct space by the Monte Carlo approach using rigid and soft restrictions, by means of FOX(5), EXPO(6) and ESPOIR(7) programs .


According to Commons's Institutionalism, this article examines the effect of financial participation on organizational climate. The perceptions of the managers, those of the employees, and indicators of social dysfunctions (such as absenteeism and labour disputes) allow us to understand the organizational climate. The features of these practices (methods of negotiation, types of mechanisms, assessment methods) are also considered. The empirical study is based on the exploitation of the REPONSE survey which represents a sample of 3,000 French establishments and 8,000 employees. Beyond the differences in perceptions between managers and employees, the results (obtained with logistic regressions) show that, more than the amount actually paid, it is the actual existence of the financial participation plan that influences the organizational climate. Moreover, the more the mechanisms appear to be at a distance from the business, the better the organizational climate is from the perspective of the employees. The ways in which the profit-sharing agreement is concluded, in particular with the intervention of labour unions, also have an influence on the organizational climate. Given the differences in the results depending on whether we consider the perceptions of managers, of employees or the indicators of social dysfunction, the article also highlights the importance of taking into account the objective dimensions, as well as the perceptions of the actors, when conducting research into organizational climate.


The 5A02 aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe was rolled using a three-roller precision tube mill.Optical microscope,hardness testing machine and universal testing machine were used to investigate the microstructure and properties of the 5A02 aluminum alloy pipe rolled with different processing rates and annealing with different temperatures and holding time.The 5A02 aluminum alloy was firstly rolled with a strain of 57.2%,then it was annealed at 380-410 ℃ for 30-60 min,which was finally determined as the reasonable rolling process.After rolling process,the finished pipe was annealed at 410 ℃ for 60 min.The microstructure of the pipe is composed of fine recrystallized grains with all fibrous structure completely disappeared,the mechanical properties of which is satisfied with the application requirements.


In recent years,having been influenced by standard Chinese,more and more variations and new features occurred in the pronunciation of Guiyang dialect.With the hope of predicting the possible developmental trend of Guiyang dialect pronunciation,this article aims to conclude and analyze these variations from the three aspects: initials,finals and tones.


Objective: The objective of the study was to examine already published evidence on the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children during and after treatment for cancer. And, thusly to verify if patients are following the recommendations of the World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine. Methods: The platforms for searches were EBSCO, Web of Science and PubMed. The keywords used were physical activity, sedentary behavior, children or adolescents with cancer. Results: Found 4572 articles. 16 satisfied the eligibility criteria. The most children of whom had a low level of physical activity and a high level of sedentary behavior. Conclusions: We conclude that this population showed an increase in sedentary behavior. And, it was also observed that does not have specific recommendations for this population. Already, the recommendations used for the healthy children and for chronic patients are not ideal for this population. Therefore, it is demonstrated that specific recommendations must be created for this population.


The presented study aims to investigate psychological factors in people who are suffered from occupational accidents and injuries. The method of the review is post-event or casual-comparative method, which is performed through available sampling from Ilam province (two groups of 25 injured and 25 non-injured people that have been matched). Mississippi structured inventory, Beck depression inventory, perceived social support questionnaire, Kobasa hardiness inventory, and risk perception inventory are used for data collection. Independent t-test was used to compare means, which was significant at 95% confidence level. But this difference was not significant in Mississippi questionnaire. Also, significance level in correlations was less than 0.05 indicating a correlation between them. Depression was seen in sample group but there were no symptoms of PTSD. The correlation studies also have shown the important role of perceived social support of individuals from family and others in development of this disorder, and that this factor has shown a good relation with hardiness (especially in challenge sub-scale) and risk perception.


A new Mindlin plate model is developed incorporating the couple stress, quadrupole, and curvature-based flexoelectric effects using a non-classical elastic dielectric theory. The general governing equations and complete boundary conditions are derived simultaneously through a variational approach. The new general plate model includes the model for centrosymmetric materials as a special case. As direct applications of the new plate and to illustrate the flexoelectric effect, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported rectangular plate are analytically solved by directly applying the new centrosymmetric model. The numerical results reveal that the flexoelectric effect is present in centrosymmetric materials and is important when the plate thickness is very thin. The dispersion relations for flexure and fundamental shear modes are obtained. We find electrostatic wave also propagates with the flexure or fundamental shear waves by flexoelectric coupling. The present work can be seen as an extension of mechanical analysis of plate structures with couple stress effects and may be useful to the devices design of micro- or nano-sized objects.


This paper presents the analysis of 150 retouching tools. They are diaphisis bone splinters from the long limb bones of ungulates. They were found in level "D" at Axlor (Dima, Vizcaya), which corresponds to the last stages of Mousterian period (about 44000 BP). This level contains an abundance of Quina-type side scrapers. The study combines different approaches (taphonomy, technology, traceology and experimentation) within an structure of operational sequence analysis. The role of "sparsely elaborated" tools in neanderthals disability models, and their informative potential about Middle Palaeolithic societies, are discused. Palabras clave: Retocadores; Cadena operativa; Tafonomia; Tecnologia; Traceologia; Experimentacion; Musteriense; Neandertales; Paleolitico Medio; Axlor; Pais Vasco.


The invention discloses a herringbone derrick bottom connection device, comprising a first support seat, a second support seat, a square cap and a cross shaft, wherein the first support seat comprises an adjusting plate, a first projection and a second projection; the first projection and the second projection are arranged on two sides of the middle line of the adjusting plate symmetrically; installation holes are formed in the first projection and the second projection; the second support seat comprises a flange plate, a third projection and a fourth projection; at least two fixing holes are formed in the flange plate; the third projection and the fourth projection are arranged on two sides of the middle line of the flange plate symmetrically; installation holes are formed in the third projection and the fourth projection; the square cap is fixedly arranged on the adjusting plate; the cross shaft comprises a first horizontal shaft and a second horizontal shaft; the first horizontal shaft is in running fit with the first projection and the second projection; the second horizontal shaft is in running fit with the third projection and the fourth projection. The herringbone derrick bottom connection device has a simple structure, and can be adapted to multiple types of extra-high voltage steel tube towers.


. The purpose of this research is to analyze and calculate the magnitude on the influence of: 1) Human resources for the accountability of regional budget implementation; 2) accountability technology of regional budget execution; 3) performance transparancy of regional budget execution; 4) Public participation and Legislative political support for performance of regional budget implementation; 5) Accountability of regional budget implementation to the performance of regional budget execution in Papua. The method that used is qualitative and quantitative analysis within the des-criptive approach and SEM (Structural Equation Model) approach. Based on this analysis it shows that: 1) There is a positive and significant influence of human resources on the regional accountability of budget implementation, however it is not significant; 2) There is a positive effect of technology on the accountability of regional budget execution, however it is not significant; 3) There is a positive and significant influence from the condition of trans-parency on the accountability of regional budgets implementation; 4) There is a positive but insignificant influence from the conditions of public participation on the accountability of regional budget implementation and there is a positive and significant influence on legislative political support of the accountability of regional budget implementation; 5) There is a positive and significant influence on the condition of accountability of regional budgets implementation on the performance of regional budget execution in Papua Province. It can be concluded that several factors can influence the Performance of Regional Budgets Implementation as an Effort to Achieve Good Government in Papua.


The aim of the research was to find out the effectiveness of Pictionary in teaching
vocabulary. This research used quasi experimental method in which the sample was not
chosen randomly but based on the school policy. Two classes were chosen, seventh A as the
experimental class and seventh B as the control class.Pre-test and post-test were used to find
the data. The test was in multiple-choice forms consisting of 30 items for each test. T-test
formula was used to analyze the data.The result of the research showed that there was a
significant difference of the students' ability in mastering vocabulary between the students
who were taught using Pictionary and those who were not taught using the medium.It could
be seen on the result of computation of t-test, where t-result is 5,701 and t-table is 1.667 at
the significant levelα=0.05 in df=74. The result was higher than t-table (5.701> 1.667). It
means that the hypothesis that Pictionary is effective in teaching English vocabulary was
accepted.


The neighborhood is the primary and fundamental space in the construction of the identity of each individual, it is the place where the first extra-family relationships are generated, where socialization begins and is formed in the role of active citizen through participation in this space. In the history of the Atalaya neighborhood we can see reflected, in a smaller dimension, the history of Argentina from the 40s and 50s. First, the active role of the State, giving way to the slogan of Social Justice through the construction of neighborhoods for workers from different sectors. On the other hand, the political intolerance and abandonment of the state reflected in two periods, with the beginning of the Liberation Revolution, abandonment of the Eva Peron plan, which was renamed the Economic Housing Plan, and then, in addition, with the implementation of the neoliberal economic programs of the 70s and 90s (National reorganization process and Menemist period until the 2001 crisis). But it can also be seen as a resignifying process that, in the face of abandonment of the State, begins as new: that of the organization, that of the space of man, that which generates and gives identity, which arises with the appearance of fomentism, and gives rise to to neighborhood, cultural and health institutions.