The lipid metabolism of the marine brown alga D. membranacea was investigated using [2- 14 C]acetate, [1- 14 C]myristate, [l- I4 C]oleate and [l- 14 C]arachidonate as precursors. On incubation with [2- 14 C]acetate, 18:1 and 16:0 were the main products formed by de novo synthesis and incorporated into polar lipids. With all the exogenous substrates used, DGTA was strongly labelled and the subsequent rapid turnover of radioactivity suggested a key role for this lipid in the redistribution of acyl chains and most likely also in the biosynthesis of the eukaryotic galactolipids produced in the absence of PC. In the glycolipids a continuous accumulation of radioactivity was observed with all the substrates used. The labelling kinetics of molecular species of MGDG suggested the desaturation of 18:1 to 18:4 and of 20:4 (n-6) to 20:5 (n-3) acids on this lipid. Both PG and PE were primary acceptors of de novo synthe-sized fatty acids and exogenous [l- 14 C]oleate, but no evidence exists for a further processing of acyl chains on these lipids. TAG, although strongly labelled with all exogenous [l- 14 CJacids, was not labelled when [2- 14 C]acetate was used as a precursor indicating the flux of endogenous fatty acids to be different of that of exogenously supplied fatty acids.


Crisp expanded wafers were produced from extruded pellets containing specialty starches and flours derived from peas, lentils, corn and blends of lentils and corn. The density, hardness and consumer acceptability of the wafers varied with the different ingredients. The most acceptable products were produced from corn, lentils and blends of these two ingredients. The weight, density, stiffness and hardness of the wafers increased with the proportion of lentil flour used to make them. Sensory analysis suggested that consumer acceptability was optimal for blends containing between 40 and 80% of lentil flour. Stiffness and fracture force measured by texture profile analysis were correlated with the sensory attributes of hardness and toughness. The glycemic potential measured by in vitro digestion of the wafers was lower for the 100% lentil wafers compared with the 100% corn wafers because of the amount of starch in the grain. For combinations of corn and lentils, the carbohydrate digestion rate, and hence the glycemic potential, was lower than for either 100% corn or 100% lentil wafers. Blending of selected cereal flour ingredients should be a useful method for reducing the glycemic impact of cooked starchy snacks.


A musical interpretation is often the result of a wide range of requirements on expressiveness rendering and technical skills. Aspects that are indicated with the term expressive intention and which refers to the communication of moods and feelings are being considered more and more important in performer-computer interaction during music performance. Recent studies demonstrated that by modifying opportunely systematic deviations introduced by the musician it is possible to convey different sensitive content like expressive intentions and emotions. We present an abstract space, that can be used for the user interface, which represents, at an abstract level, the expressive content and the interaction between the performer and the expressive engine. This space was derived by multidimensional analysis of perceptual tests on various professionally performed pieces ranging from western classical to popular music. This space reflects how the musical performances are organized in the listener's mind.


Over the past decade, growth in prescription drug spending has outpaced growth in spending for physician services and hospital care (1). This is likely due to a combination of factors, including expansion of health insurance and prescription drug coverage (2), availability of newer classes of ultraexpensive prescription medicines (such as direct-acting antiviral drugs for hepatitis C) (3), and increased prices of existing brand-name (and sometimes generic) medicines (4, 5). At the same time, variation in drug spending has been reported across payer types (6, 7) and geographic regions (811). Total spending on prescription drugs is a function of drug use and pricing. List prices (that is, wholesale acquisition costs) for prescription drugs are set by manufacturers, but because of the complex nature of reimbursement for prescription drugs in the United States, few persons pay list prices (4, 12). Nevertheless, patients with high-deductible health plans may pay up to the list price for some of their medications, and higher list prices often translate into higher out-of-pocket payments for patients covered under most commercial plans (6, 1215). Another common measure of drug price is the cash price (also called usual and customary price), which is the price available at any retail pharmacy for consumers without prescription drug coverage or for those with drug coverage who choose not to fill their prescriptions using insurance, perhaps because of high out-of-pocket amounts (16, 17). Survey-based studies have found that cash prices may vary up to 10-fold across retail pharmacies (18). Substantial variation has been reported even within the same metropolitan area for generic medications that are commonly prescribed (19). One study examined 7 drugs using 4 state Web sites that report prices and found variation between 11% and 974% (20). Another study surveyed 250 pharmacies across 11 states and found that patients could have saved between $102 and $5400 a year between minimum and median prices by shopping around (21). However, these studies often analyze only a small sample of drugs or cover small geographic regions. It is also unclear to what extent the reported differences in drug prices may be related to competition by different types of retail pharmacies or to underlying geographic differences in income or in the proportion of the population with health insurance coverage. In addition, simply describing large variation in drug prices across various settings does not provide practical advice for patients seeking low prescription drug prices near where they live or for those more savvy consumers who compare drug prices across types of retail pharmacies. We therefore sought to systematically describe cash prices across different types of retail pharmacies throughout the United States and stratified by ZIP code for 10 generic and 6 brand-name prescription drugs that are commonly used. To do so, we partnered with GoodRx, a Web site for drug price comparison that leverages electronic claims adjudication and its relationships with large, national pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to provide nearly real-time data on drug prices. Methods Data Sources and Study Drugs GoodRx.com is a Web site that allows users to obtain and compare a selection of drug prices for individual drugs at specific pharmacies within a geographic area defined by ZIP code. GoodRx is not a PBM. The company provides consumers access to information on cash and proprietary discounted prices through its business relationships with several large, national PBMs. Discounted (called coupon) prices are set by individual pharmacies or pharmacy chains as part of drug discount negotiation contracts between PBMs and pharmacies. In part because of the complex and nontransparent nature of pricing practices for prescription drugs, we report only cash prices in this study. We obtained from GoodRx a cross-sectional sample of cash prices for 16 prescription drugs at more than 60000 U.S. pharmacies (representing nearly all U.S. pharmacies, distributed nationally with no systematically missing geographic regions) during the fall of 2015. This sample of medicines included the top 6 brand-name prescription drugs by sales (aripiprazole, fluticasonesalmeterol, rosuvastatin, duloxetine, glargine, and esomeprazole) and the top 10 generic prescription drugs by volume (albuterol, amlodipine, atorvastatin, hydrocodoneacetaminophen, L-thyroxine, lisinopril, metformin, metoprolol, omeprazole, and simvastatin) according to estimates from IMS Health (22). For each drug, we received cash price data for a 1-month supply of the most common dosage (strength), formulation (such as tablet), and quantity. For example, the price of metformin in the GoodRx database was for sixty 500-mg tablets (a 1-month supply when prescribed as 1 tablet twice a day). We had initially intended to also evaluate the cash prices of 4 other brand-name specialty medications on the IMS Health list (glatiramer acetate, infliximab, imatinib, and adalimumab) but could not do so because a high proportion of cash price data were unavailable (that is, medications were primarily purchased through prescription drug plans). To check the accuracy of GoodRx pricing data, 1 author (J.L.) telephoned a random sample of 10 retail pharmacies across 5 ZIP codes for 2 brand-name and 2 generic prescription drugs and found exact matches (that is, same dollar and cent values) between the cash price quoted over the telephone for a hypothetical patient without prescription drug coverage and the cash price in the GoodRx database for that individual pharmacy and drug. Other studies have tested the accuracy of GoodRx pricing by physically presenting discount coupons to ensure that prices are honored (23). We also assessed data quality by visually examining histograms of drug prices for each drug individually and each group of drugs, and we excluded extreme outliers for individual drugs from our analyses (>10 times the cash price of the same drug at a reference pharmacy type of large chain pharmacies). Exclusions due to extreme outliers were rare, occurring 34 times out of 1367060 observations. Approval of this study by an institutional review board was not required because the study did not involve human subjects research. Exposures The independent variable for our study was retail pharmacy type. We categorized pharmacies into large chains with at least 100 stores (retail locations) nationwide (such as Walgreens, CVS, and Rite Aid), small chains with 4 to 100 stores nationwide (such as Discount Drug Mart and Thrifty White), pharmacies based in a grocery store or supermarket (such as Kroger and Publix), big box pharmacies (such as Costco, Sam's, Walmart, and BJ's), and independent pharmacies. We excluded specialty, infusion, compounding, and long-term care pharmacies in hospitals, clinics, universities, and Veterans Affairs medical centers because of a high proportion of unavailable data. In GoodRx's raw data, pharmacies were categorized as chain or independent. We further refined the chain pharmacy category by first separating out grocery- or supermarket-based pharmacies using a grocery store list provided by Chase Bank (24). We then separated pharmacies located in big box stores on the basis of prior knowledge (retailers with 50000 square feet of floor space). In addition, we separated large and small chains on the basis of the total number of stores nationwide, using a threshold of 100 stores that was informed by prior clinical knowledge. Finally, we classified pharmacies as independent if they had fewer than 4 locations nationwide because the National Association of Chain Drug Stores requires at least 4 retail locations for membership. Pharmacies that could not be classified through these sequential procedures were manually classified through an examination of Web sites or weekly flyers. If a pharmacy could not be categorized after use of both methods, 1 author (J.L.) telephoned the individual pharmacy location or regional pharmacy office and asked answering staff to self-assign a correct category for retail pharmacy type. Outcomes In the GoodRx database, the cash price of an individual drug is an observed value and reflects the price offered to a retail pharmacy customer who did not use prescription drug insurance or any discount program. Although these prices may be based in actual or historical transactions, they are distinct from paid pharmacy claims in that they do not represent patient-level data. Statistical Analysis For descriptive purposes, we calculated the mean cash price and SD for each drug over all pharmacies of the same type. We then calculated an overall mean (mean value of these means) for each group of generic or brand-name drugs. We chose to report mean rather than median price after visually examining histograms for normality and skew. To compare cash prices for multiple drugs at pharmacies across the country, we created separate measures of relative cash price for the group of generic and group of brand-name drugs. For each pharmacy store, we calculated the average price of all drugs in each group for which a cash price was available and compared it with the average price of the same group of drugs at the largest chain pharmacy in the country. These relative differences were presented in bubble plots, where the bubble's location reflects the relative difference in price and its size the number of pharmacy stores with that price difference. Because the largest chain pharmacy has identical prices across almost all of its pharmacies nationwide, the bubble for that chain is by default located at a relative difference of 1. The bubble plots were generated using SAS PROC SGPLOT. Drug prices and number of retail pharmacies may vary geographically. We compared relative cash prices for generic and brand-name drugs, adjusting for pharmacy location using 5-digit ZIP codes. First, we determined the number of drugs for which a cas


Multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGA) have demonstrated their usefulness for the global optimization of accelerator design using Elegant [1] and Astra [2]. A MOGA platform developed at TRIUMF seeks to expand the capabilities of such tools by allowing multiple simulation engines to be used. The TRIUMF optimization software platform was applied to the transport design of an injection line leading from a cryomodule to the beam dump. The optimization involves two simulation engines, Astra and MAD-X, and demonstrates the ability for the platform to handle multi-engine optimization for a realistic problem. Results of the optimization are shown.


THE GHOSTS OF MEDAK POCKET The Story of Canada's Secret War Carol Off Toronto: Random House Canada, 2004. 310pp, $34.95 cloth (ISBN 0-679-31293-5)Carol Off examines the Medak Pocket fighting that involved Canadian peacekeepers and Croatian troops in mid-September 1993. The Medak area, once a mostly Serbian enclave in Croatia, was the stage for Croatian military and ethnic cleansing campaigns during the Yugoslav civil war (1992-95). The account of the 1993 offensive is linked to a discussion of the Croatians living in Canada before the conflict whose vision of an independent and ethnically pure Croatia fed the fires of war. Off's discussion of the Croatian-Canadians, of the little known Canadian battle, and of the Canadians who experienced it firsthand is a worthy contribution to the literature.Her long Croatian-Canadian chapter initially comes across as an example of the habit Canadians have of searching for a "Canadian angle" in international events. But what gradually becomes clear is that some of these people helped the "ghosts" of ethnic and nationalist animosity return to haunt the Balkans. A few even played important roles in the civil war (a Croatian-Canadian became defence minister of Croatia, for example). The book shows that Canadian immigrants do not always leave behind the aspirations and hates of their birth country, and that, when they pick up the cause, they can damage the international system from within Canada. This is noteworthy given current national security concerns with the terrorist "enemy within."The other ghosts in the book are the Canadian peacekeepers who were present at Medak when the Croatians launched their ethnic cleansing offensive. Off describes the Canadians' experiences and reactions, the sometimes disgusting tasks they performed (like recovering bodies of killed civilians), and the burden this imposed on a battalion that had been recently assembled and had a heavy reserve component. These scenes haunted some Canadians. The author says that coping was hardest for reservists who received little federal government support once reunited with their militia units. The military was not prepared for what is now known as post-traumatic stress disorder when these peacekeepers encountered war.Most of the book examines the week-long Medak battle and the difficult position the Canadian peacekeepers found themselves in. Off's vivid account is reminiscent of Scott Taylor's and Brian Nolan's narrative in Tested Metal (1998). Off also reflects Lee Windsor's "Professionalism under fire" (first published in 2000 in Canadian Military History), which argues that the Canadians performed well at Medak. …


Abstract: Although the importance of exercise as a public health issue is increasingly recognised, little attention has been paid to exercise in very old people. We examined exercise patterns in 1788 subjects aged 70 years and over who were participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. In the two weeks before interview, 39 per cent of subjects had taken no exercise and only four per cent had exercised vigorously. When compared with those who took no exercise, exercisers were more likely to be male and younger, to self–report better health, to be former smokers and regular alcohol users. Mortality rates at two years follow–up were inversely related to the level of exercise at baseline. This research indicates that exercise is important for the very old as well as younger groups.


To find the variation of growth and photosynthetic traits and discuss the most important assistant factor for breeding selection of Betula platyphylla,6 half-sib families of were taken in the research,we measured and analyzed 24 profiles of the B.platyphylla half-sib families.The analysis of variance calculation show that:(1)There was a remarkable difference in height(H),basic diameter(BD),leaf length(LL),leaf width(LW),leaf number(LN),the ratio of leaf length to width(L/W),net photosynthesis rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE).The coefficients of variation and genetic variation of H,BD,LL,LW,LN,L/W,Pn,Gs,Tr and WUE were more than 10%.(2)There were also exist remarkable difference in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(F0,F0′,Fs,Fv′/Fm′,NPQ) and Yield.Except parameter NPQ,the coefficients of variation and the genetic variation of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were less than 10%.(3)The heritability of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of B.platyphylla half-sib families were higher than 0.4,but the photosynthetic and growth parameters were higher than 0.7,indicating that B.platyphylla half-sib families variation was strongly controlled by genetic factors.(4)The results of phenotypic correlation showed that there were significant positive correlation among the growth traits and WUE,but negative correlation with Yield.Regression analysis results showed that LW and LN were the first two variables introduced for H and BD equations,indicating that LW and LN were very important parameters for B.platyphylla seedling selection and evaluation.


In this paper, the PLS-PM model has been estimated as to directly and indirectly identify factors that influence academic performance of the first year students at NUL. Sample used to utilise the task was 46. The estimated PLS-PM model was found stable and satisfying the SEM conditions. Several measure were established and found that 63% of variation of OWM is been explained by all those factors that are found to be significant. Also, seven factors were retained with factor loadings in the range of 0.4 to 0.81. Furthermore, the results of the discriminant analysis revealed that, 54% of female students are enrolled to the university while only 46% is for male students each year.


Mining subsidence prediction is not only used in design for coal mining under water,railway and buildings and the protection of surface buildings,but also be used to instruct environment protection and treatment,gob utilization,land reclamation design.In order to standard mining subsidence prediction,on the basis of "Regulation of coal pillar design for mining under buildings,water body,railway and main roadways",combining new research fruits of mining subsidence and computing technology development,"Coalmine mining subsidence prediction method standard" was finished.This standard introduced prediction method,parameters selection,prediction principles,which was expected to promote standardization of mining subsidence prediction and improve results' comparability and reference quality.


The study deals with oak coppice stands in the chinese province of Shaanxi. In addition to a scientific investigation of the potential of wood production and stand regeneration a socio-economic survey concerning the people's use of local forests was made. On the basis of the scientific findings recommendations for an improved sustainable management of the oak coppice stands are given.


This research study titled Underground Metal Community about The Urban Lifestyle in Pekanbaru. Music is a means to express of happiness, resentment and so on. On development in todays times, music is divided into several streams called genre. One stream of music that is played with a high enough skill and unusual sounds in the ears of the general. Underground metal music was born in 1960s in England and France by the events that accompanied the French Revolution and 1980s music is growing. See the development of the entertainment wolrd in Pekanbaru now been much influenced various musical genres. One of the genre is growing and demand is underground metal music. Now there are many people who give a bad score for musicians, music fans and connoisseurs of underground metal music called metalhead. This study wants to see the profile of undergound metal community, how to interpret metal music. The next music is not just music that is heard through the ears, music also brings other cultural objects. Such as how to dress, use of leisure time, haircut, make up, and so called lifestyle. This research also look like what metalhead lifestyle in the city of Pekanbaru. From the result obtained indicate that the formation of underground metal community based on share musical tastes, namely metal music. Metal music gives the meaning as an economic tool, entertainment and communication. Metal music also affects their lifestyle, independent lifestyle. Metalhead believe that their lifestyle give identity for them as metalhead. Key word :Community, Metal Music, lifestyle


The objective of this learning is to determine whether the depreciation in the price of palm oil affected the purchasing power of the people in the Padang Serai Village, Bengkulu. Based on the conclusions of the simple regression analysis, it shows that the conclusion of the test of the depreciation variable in the price of palm oil partially has a significant effect on people's purchasing power. This is indicated by a significance value of significant (0.002) < (0.05). This conclusion shows that if the palm oil price depreciation variable (X) is increased by one unit, then the purchasing power variable (Y) will increase by 0.423. From the results of the determinant test (R 2 ), it is known that the value of R = 0.573, which means that the relationship between the depreciation of palm prices and the purchasing power of the people is 57.3%, meaning that there is a close connection between variables. The R square score of 0.328 means that the depreciation of palm oil prices can explain 32.8% of people's purchasing power. Meanwhile, the excess of 67.2% can be explained by other aspects not studied in the current observation.


Objective To explore the demands for oral health care in Chinese military personnel.Methods The demands for oral health care in the military region were investigated according to the standard of medical evacuation support.Data bank was established using FoxPro6.0 software and analyzed by SPSS11.5 software.Results The survey results showed that 50.48% soldiers did not need oral medical care,34.99% need oral medical care regularly,16.85% need oral medical care as soon as possible,and 0.44% need dental emergencies.Conclusion Our results indicated that there are demands for oral medical care for soldiers and oral health care system should be established in the army.


The progress of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in polycrystalline wrought cobalt (Co) during hot deformation has been studied using a newly developed mechanical approach. The approach is based upon the analysis of the flow curve of the material to quantify the softening which is attributed to DRX. Avrami plots for Co during DRX have been generated using stress–strain curves under various deformation conditions. The values of the Avrami time exponents are ∼3.0. The dependence of the time of half‐softening on strain rate is found to exhibit similar behavior to that of other materials.


Due to the limitation of resources and the need to manage scare resources, requirements engineers, project and product managers etc. are interested in clues that will enable them efficiently manage the production of software products. An understanding of the worth of software product requirements and features will help in the prioritization of requirements.It will also assist in the preparation and planning for proposed products including their future marketability and receptivity in the market.Customer satisfaction is a driver that propels customer loyalty and increases the odds of an improved customer perception of the quality of a software product. This lifeline is important as it drives the sustainability of the software product market. It promotes a good return on investment and the profitability of a software product. Furthermore, customers appreciate products whose features delight and satisfy them and they place value on such features. This ultimately enhances the perceived worth of the entire product. Capturing the perceived worth of requirements or features for a proposed product from would-be customers who feels satisfied when such requirements are met or such features are included in the design of the product, is helpful in ascertaining how important and of value the intended requirements or features are. In this study, a model is proposed that predicts the perceived requirements worth using the customer satisfaction index of the Kano model. The customer satisfaction is based on how satisfied customers are if the requirements or features of the would-be product are met or fulfilled and how important these satisfying requirements or features are to them.A simple regression analysis was computed and the result reveals that customer satisfaction significantly and positively impacts on the perceived requirement worth, if all things remain equal. Customer satisfaction (based on fulfilled software product requirements) significantly predicts the perceived worth of software product requirements. This model can be useful in prioritizing requirements, planning for future products, and in the marketability of such products etc.


This paper focuses on the topic of the introduction of the Euro in the main British national newspapers. The paper undertakes a content and frame analysis of journalistic treatment on the single currency from a key stage in the development of monetary union -the adoption of the Euro as legal tender across the member states belonging to EMU in January 2002. The study covers the most important periods surrounding the launch of the Euro and the analysis is based on articles taken from nine national newspapers representing the tabloid, mid-market and broadsheet sectors of the British newspaper market.


FormerFormer international team leader World Health Organization (b Aley, Lebanon, 1917; q Baghdad; DGO), died from heart failure on 14 January 2004.

Figure 1

After working as assistant to the chief medical officer in the children's hospital of Baghdad, Nora became doctor in charge of the mother and child centre and the maternity centre, before moving to Dublin to train in obstetrics and gynaecology. She then became international team leader for the World Health Organization in Kuwait and Libya. Nora set up many public health centres, and worked to improve basic health care for socially deprived groups. She later established her own practice in Lebanon. She leaves two children and six grandchildren.


Young starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L) plants grown in large soil volume were exposed to different moisture regime of 88-100% (moderate water stress) and 42-48% (severe water stress). Leaf and root growth were reduced with increased water stressed. A greater allocation of dry matter to the root, resulted to a higher root:shoot ratio in water stressed plants. In well watered plants, flower initiation was delayed. In an attempt to ameliorate water stress, leaf survival of stressed plants was enhanced by incorporating hydrogel polymer as compared to the application ABA on leaves.


Facade insulation reflective coating one kind of nano additives, including major components and parts by weight: water 160 to 250, 1 to 2 defoaming agent, a dispersing agent from 8 to 12, hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5 to 2, heat reflecting powder 400 to 500, 5 to 10 nano-TiO2 powder, SiO2 from 5 nanometers to 10, 5 to 12 ethylene glycol, coalescent 5 ~ 10, AC-261P 200 to 300 aqueous acrylic emulsion, a thickener 1.0 to 2.0 parts by weight and the components in accordance with the above, a stirred together. The present invention relates to a wall paint additive, may be used to achieve thermal insulation reflecting facade color coat in order to achieve low energy consumption buildings, since water as a solvent, having a green, environmental protection, etc., and also having hydrophobic and self facade Jie advantage of.


The invention relates to a process for preparing nanometer silicon oxide (SiO2)/ polycaproamide (nylon 6) compound resin. The process for preparation comprises first, dispersing nanometer silicon oxide, aminocaprolactam and silane coupling agent in miscible liquids which are formed by water and polarorganic solvent, and getting SiO2 dispersion, second, removing 6-aminohexanoic acid in remainder to get masterbatch of nanometer SiO2/ nylon 6 compound resin through a polymerization reaction after steaming out the polar organic solvent in the nanometer SiO2 dispersion which is got from the step first, third, getting target compound after welding and mixing the masterbatch of nanometer SiO2/ nylon 6 compound resin which is got from the step second, and the other steps. Compared with the prior art, compatibility and dispersibility of the nanometer SiO2 and nylon 6 of the nanometer SiO2/ nylon 6 compound resin which is prepared through the process of the invention are better (the concrete manifestation is that mechanical properties are better).


The subjects were 12 mongol infants, eight males and four females, reared in a special research ward at Sonoma State Hospital. They ranged from about 2 to 5 months of age at time of admission. Prior to admission, all subjects had been cared for in situations which apparently provided considerable attention and proper medical care. After admission, they were reared by carefully selected pediatric nurses and ward personnel and remained under complete medical supervision. The only defined selective procedure followed was thorough medical examination to minimize the risk of inclusion of subjects with acute heart


Multicomponent cross-coupling reactions involving alkene under visible-light photoredox catalysis have tremendous potential to achieve molecular complexity and modularity from renewable feedstocks in sustainable manner. Here we disclose, two similar yet...


The invention relates to a WIFI-based lamp control device comprising a WIFI signal receiver and a signal processor. The WIFI signal receiver is connected with the signal processor and is also connected with external intelligent equipment wirelessly based on WIFI. The WIFI signal receiver receives a WIFI signal transmitted by the external intelligent equipment and transmits the signal to the signal processor. The signal processor connected with at least one lamp signal receives the WIFI signal transmitted by the WIFI signal receiver and outputs an illumination control signal to the connected lamp. A novel way for autonomously controlling the lamp by using intelligent equipment like a mobile phone, a computer or a tablet personal computer and the like based on the WIFI technology is provided, so that the existing lamp control ways are diversified and the intelligence and controllability of the lamp control way can be improved.


Deformation characteristics of fully lamellar (FL) and nearly lamellar (NL) morphologies in two phase {gamma}- TiAl(Ll{sub 0}) + {alpha}{sub 2} - Ti{sub 3}Al(DO{sub 19}) polycrystalline aggregates are simulated by Finite Element Methods. Polycrystalline stress-strain response is accurately predicted using, as input parameters, the range of soft ({tau}{sub crss}{sup soft}) and hard ({tau}{sub crss}{sup hard}) mode critical resolved shear stresses obtained from single poly-synthetically twined (PST) lamellar crystals, for shear parallel and perpendicular to the lamella. The deformation is severely inhomogeneous, due in part to the large difference in {tau}{sub crss}{sup soft} and {tau}{sub crss}{sup hard} with the largest strain accumulations being encountered at grain boundaries, particularly at triple points. Such deformation incompatibilities between adjacent crystals create large hydrostatic stress concentrations at grain boundaries, which are likely nucleation sites for fracture, as experimentally verified for both tension and compression loading. Incorporating small volume fractions of {gamma} - TiAl (with compliant deformation characteristics, at least at small strains) at grain boundaries, as in the case for NL microstructures, greatly reduces the magnitude of the peak hydrostatic stresses, and consequently mitigates fracture initiation. This provides a suitable explanation for the increase in ductility as associated with an increasing volume fraction of {gamma} -more » TiAl in lamellar microstructures. It is shown that numerically computed plots of hydrostatic stress vs strain provide a more logical and direct correlation between microstructure and ductility response, over the current, more traditional stress-strain plots.« less


Voice Interactive Computer Graphics and Games by Nataraj Jeedigunta Dr. Evangelos A Yfantis, Examination Comittee Chair Professor of Computer Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas The a rt and science of speech recognition have been advanced to the state where it is now possible to communicate reliably with a computer by speaking to it in a disciplined manner using a vocabulary of moderate size. There are many applicar tions of speech recognition technology in telecommunications and other fields. Voice Interactive Computer Graphics And Games (VICGG) describes and emphasizes how voice recognition can be applied to design a real-time interactive graphics system. The VICGG system consists of a recognition module and a graphics module. The recognition module is used for isolated word recognition. Three separate implementations of recognition algorithms have been evaluated. The first algorithm illustrates the effect of noise reduction filters in the recognition process. The second algorithm uses a noise-gate in the recognition process. The third algorithm is an improved version of the first two and is implemented using short-time Fourier analysis and bank of filters. The relative merits and demerits of these algorithms have been discussed. Using a vocabulary of moderate size, accuracy and real-time performance have been achieved in the third algorithm. The graphics module has a set of 3-dimensional Dinosaur animations, which are iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. totally controlled by the recognition module. The event driven graphics module is implemented using OpenGL. The recognized word from the recognition module is linked to a corresponding animation in the graphics module. The VICGG system demonstrates how speech technology will play an increas ingly important role in the current multimedia era. This research also illustrates the applications of speech recognition technology in diverse fields.


The article presents some selected metaphors helpful to enhance patients' acceptance of reality, control of emotions, sense of responsibility, self-determination and confidence, and compassion and altruism. Enhancing these abilities patients can improve their resilience and become stronger than despair


In this article, the present chairman of the Norwegian Psychiatric Association gives a short historical outline of Norwegian psychiatry and the Association. The developmental relation to psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory, and later to social psychiatry, is described as having been of crucial importance. The present state of the subject is described throughout the various fields, e.g. organization, education, diagnostic systems, legislation, research and treatment modalities. The problems arising when the political authorities change the structure of the psychiatric service without taking the costs into account are also discussed. The need for increased attention to quality in education, in treatment programs and in research is stressed as being necessary towards securing the future of Norwegian psychiatry.


Wireless technologies have been a crucial part of communication in the last few decades. Antenna is an important part of any wireless communication system as it converts the electronic signals into Electromagnetic Waves efficiently with minimum loss and transmit and receive signals from free space. Traditional antenna's operates at a single or dual frequency bands. In reality, an antenna is needed which can operate in multiple frequency for different kind of applications. But In multiband, antenna requires a large space and hence limited frequency. To overcome problem in multiband antenna, different method of antenna design has been proposed, in which an antenna consists of same shapes of different scales in the antenna geometry it self_. In this paper we propose an antenna in the form of sierpinski Square fractal antenna, which can operate in multiband frequency in the range of 2GHz to 8.2 GHz using computational technique FEM-HFSSV13 Simulator iterated upto three iterations to achieve enhanced performance parameters such as minimum return loss and enhanced bandwidth and gain. The simulated results are compared with measured results and with other works.


The subject of counting positive lattice points in n-dimensional simplexes has interested mathematicians for decades due to its applications in singularity theory and number theory. Enumerating the lattice points in a right-angled simplex is equivalent to determining the geometric genus of an isolated singularity of a weighted homogeneous complex polynomial. It is also a method to shed insight into large gaps in the sequence of prime numbers. Seeking to contribute to these applications, in this paper, we prove the Yau Geometric Conjecture in six dimensions, a sharp upper bound for the number of positive lattice points in a six-dimensional tetrahedron. The main method of proof is summing existing sharp upper bounds for the number of points in 5-dimensional simplexes over the cross sections of the six-dimensional simplex. Our new results pave the way for the proof of a fully general sharp upper bound for the number of lattice points in a simplex. It also sheds new light on proving the Yau Geometric and Yau Number-Theoretic Conjectures in full generality.


Most nanoscale metallic multilayers (NMMs) exhibit ultra-high hardness but limited toughness. To toughen Ti/Mo NMMs, a gradient multilayered (GM) structure was architected via manipulating individual layer thickness (h) gradient distribution along the film growth direction. The resulting GM structure significantly raises the toughness of Ti/Mo NMMs without reducing their peak hardness. High back stress developed from the plastic incompatibilities stemmed from aggravated microstructural heterogeneity is primarily responsible for the unprecedented synergy of hardness and toughness. Our findings provide a promising approach to concurrently strengthen and toughen NMMs.


Microservice architectures and container technologies are broadly adopted by giant internet companies to support their web services, which typically have a strict service-level objective (SLO), tail latency, rather than average latency. However, diagnosing SLO violations, e.g., long tail latency problem, is non-trivial for large-scale web applications in shared microservice platforms due to million-level operational data and complex operational environments. We identify a new type of tail latency problem for web services, small-window long-tail latency (SWLT), which is typically aggregated during a small statistical window (e.g., 1-minute or 1-second). We observe SWLT usually occurs in a small number of containers in microservice clusters and sharply shifts among different containers at different time points. To diagnose root-causes of SWLT, we propose an unsupervised and low-cost diagnosis algorithm-?-Diagnosis, using two-sample test algorithm and ?-statistics for measuring similarity of time series to identify root-cause metrics from millions of metrics. We implement and deploy a real-time diagnosis system in our real-production microservice platforms. The evaluation using real web application datasets demonstrates that ?-Diagnosis can identify all the actual root-causes at runtime and significantly reduce the candidate problem space, outperforming other time-series distance based root-cause analysis algorithms.


This research proposes a system to inspect defective lenses with a polarization technique by using image processing and machine learning. Currently, a skilled operator checks the lens quality with the polarization method by eye and decides whether or not a lens is good (OK) or not good (NG). A 'not good' lens has a circle or a line appearing in the stress pattern of the lens. This research designs and develops a lens quality checking system with machine learning by simulating and prototyping a machine to experiment and collect persistent data, using the camera to capture and analyze images with image processing and machine learning techniques to decide on the lens quality in the computer. The experimental results show that the proposed system with a trained model with data augmentation and image preprocessing can achieve performance testing with 97.75% accuracy.


a higher probability of developing serum specific IgG to MDI, which could lead to a greater risk of MDI-OA. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to examine genetic susceptibility in MDI-OA using HLA analysis. We suggest that the HLA allele DRB1*0901-DQB1*0303-DPB1*0501 may increase specific IgG sensitization, which could contribute to the development of the MDI-OA phenotype in exposed workers.


The irrational utilization of water and land resources,together with its serious ecological consequence,have long been receiving researchers' much concern,as importance is put on it gradually.In this paper, Jinghe Watershed,an arid and semiarid area located in the Loess Plateau,is taken as a case for research to evaluate on sustainable development ability of water and land resources based on ecological function regions.The study results are useful for the further study on optimal allocation and irrational utilization of local water and land resources.Firstly,we divided Jinghe Watershed into 6 zoned ecological function regions: they are water conservation district in east (District I),water conservation district in west(District II),soil and water conservation district in north(District III),soil and water conservation district in south(District IV),farmland protection district(District V) and ecological conservation and farmland protection transitional district(District VI).Then we construct evaluating indicator system which includes 8 integrated indicators.We evaluate difference among elological fanction regions from three aspects which are ecological environment status(coverage of forest and grass,land degradation index),farmland pressure,and water footprint and water environment pressure.The evaluation results show that except District V,other five districts(90.09% area of the watershed) are all in an incongruous state and that the sustainable development ability of water and land resources is bad in the watershed.


We have noted hypotensive episodes in close association with submucosal infiltration of adrenaline contained in lidocaine. We investigated the effects of adrenaline contained in lidocaine on hemodynamics during oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia. Sixteen patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I scheduled to undergo sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy were included in this study. The patients comprised 6 men and 10 women with a mean age of 22.3 years and mean weight of 58.5 kg. We measured the patients' systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and pulse rate (PR). The patients exhibited a mean 30% decrease in SAP, mean 29% decrease in MAP, mean 33% decrease in DAP, and mean 13% increase in PR. All data were normalized to the values immediately before infiltration and expressed as a relative percentage. The average time from injection to minimum pressure was 88 seconds, and the mean duration of the trough was about 60 seconds. This study suggests that there is an approximately 90-second lag time in hemodynamic changes after local anesthetic injection into the oral submucosa. Local anesthetic infiltration with adrenaline contained in lidocaine elicits temporary but severe hypotension.


The engineering programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities play a significant statistical role in the production of African-American engineers. An example is Tuskegee's Aerospace Science Engineering Department, which has produced up to one fifth of the African American aerospace engineering B.S. degrees in some years. Given this information, the department is making plans for its future.


Alpine rivers are extreme ecosystems with harsh abiotic conditions, causing a low biodiversity of a generally well adapted fauna. This is especially the case for glacier-fed streams. In rivers, where glacial influence is low or nonexistent, environmental conditions are less severe. Within the long-term program "River-Monitoring in Hohe Tauern National Park" we investigate catchmentand reach-scale conditions and their influence on the riverine fauna together with their potential to indicate climate change effects. We studied 16 river sections in four large catchments from 2009 until 2010 in Alpine spring, summer and autumn. In this study, we explored the composition of Functional Feeding-Groups along a glacial/non-glacial gradient in order to see, if they follow a specific pattern. All abiotic parameters and biotic samples were collected and processed according to developed protocols, the definition of feeding relationships were based on a solid taxonomy. We applied cluster and redundancy analysis to evaluate the results. Nearly all river sections show a dominance of the detritivore feeding guild, somewhat less dominant are grazers. Also in glacier-fed rivers autochthonous primary-production obviously is adequate for grazers to dominate second. In lower sections shredders do not gain importance, although organicmatter availability as their optimal food resource was high. Underlying factors for the functional structure in research sites are (i) glaciation in catchment, (ii) pasture, and (iii) moss as microhabitat. It seems that in extreme environments autochthonous processes are more important for the fauna than allochthonous ones. But in lower regions, where glacial conditions are less severe, the allochthonous influence came to the fore.


Objective: In an open cross-over study, the effect of two different venoactive drugs was prospectively studied in a series of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome. Design: Prospective, open cross-over study. Patients: Twenty-nine patients with established unilateral deep venous insufficiency of at least 12 months duration, and a history of venography-proven deep venous thrombosis in the affected leg. Interventions: On entering the study, patients were randomly assigned to receive either Hidrosmina (Venosmil, FAES SA, Spain) 600 mg daily, or 0-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (Venoruton, Zyma SA, Switzerland) 900 mg daily. The drugs were taken for 6 months. At the end of this period, the drug was discontinued, and patients taking Hidrosmina changed to rutosides, or vice versa, for a further 6-month period. Finally, both drugs were discontinued, and patients were re-examined 3 and 6 months later. Results: During the first 6-month period, 12 out of 29 patients showed reduced tiredness and/or pain in the leg in comparison to the control visit. Furthermore, a slight reduction was found in mean circumferences of both the ankle and calf during this study period. During the second 6-month period of therapy, six additional patients improved their subjective symptoms, but there were three patients in whom these symptoms had increased. Six months after discontinuation of therapy, subjective symptoms increased in 10 out of 29 patients, and mean circumferences of both the ankle and calf returned to baseline values. Conclusions: In this pilot study our findings demonstrate that venoactive drugs may improve both objective and subjective symptoms in patients with post-thrombotic syndrome, and that these effects disappear after drug therapy is discontinued.


Nursing research has allowed for the evolution of the discipline in areas such as the study of the ontology of care, the organization of health services, the organization of schools and faculties, nursing education, and nursing interventions and practices. Although nursing research has been growing in Latin America, it does not compare with the research being conducted in other health disciplines, and the need for nursing research in the region is still great. This article is the result of a reflection on nursing research in Latin America and aims to identify some of the research priorities in this region and possible solutions. The main priorities for nursing research are related to nursing interventions and innovations. There is also a need for more research in partnership with vulnerable groups and further research on public policy needs, interprofessional collaboration and practice, and nursing human resource planning. To address these priorities, it will be necessary to facilitate the involvement of community stakeholders and clinical practice nurses as well as the development of collaborations between researchers from different Latin American countries. Considering the complexity and diversity of the contexts in which nurses in Latin America work, it will also be necessary to develop nursing theories specific to regional contexts. By implementing some of the solutions proposed in this article, it may be possible for nursing research to further develop its potential to address many health challenges in Latin America.


NASA has selected Dragonfly, its next $1 billion planetary science mission, for launch in 2026. Upon arrival in 2034, the craft, a quadcopter drone the size of a car, will touch down across the icy surface in search of a chemistry that could foster life. Titan, first explored by NASA9s Cassini spacecraft and its Huygens probe, is home to Earthlike terrain, except its plateaus are made of ice and its rivers of hydrocarbon gas. Dragonfly will hop between distant landing sites every couple of weeks. Titan9s thick air and low gravity will allow the quadcopter to hover much more easily than on Earth. The drone will carry drills on its skids that it will allow it to sample Titan9s terrain with an onboard chemistry lab.


The study ascertains the extent of mispricing in equity portfolios and mispricing–investment relation using the post financial crisis stock information. A risk-augmented capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is specified to estimate the mispricing in equity portfolios while the mispricing–investment relationship model follows Mohammed (2006). For all the estimations, the regressions are run on daily data from 5 January 2010 to 30 December 2015. First, the results show the presence of transient mispricing in the portfolios' returns of African equities regardless of the firms' liquidity and volatility levels. More so, stronger mispricing is observed using an alternative specification. Second, mispricing causes significant divestment in big-size portfolios. Meanwhile, it is less important in small and medium-size portfolios. It further causes over-investment in medium stock portfolios while effects of over-valuation prove to be velvety on portfolios across board. The conclusion is that mispricing in a portfolio of equity returns is due to low frequency of trading and noting the evil this could cause on investment in stocks, the paper recommends the jettisoning of investors' buy and hold trading strategy and encouraging portfolio investors to form stock portfolios with frequently traded stocks so as to lessen the effect of stock mispricing.


In plutonium (Pu) handling facilities, there is a potential for internal exposure of radiation workers along with external exposure. Nasal swabs (NS) taken rapidly, on site, help in not only providing an early estimate of internal dose due to inhalation of Pu but also in decision making for medical intervention. However, the Committed Effective Dose (CED) computed based on the observed NS activity and that estimated from bioassay measurements of individuals may vary significantly. One of the reasons would be the use of default particle size (5 µm) for computing the CED based on the activity on NS. Other parameters like breathing pattern and levels of exercise would also influence the NS reference activity level and hence their impact needs to be assessed. This study indicated that observed NS reference levels had a direct dependence on all these parameters and use of default parameters for evaluation of internal dose based on NS activity would result in large uncertainties in the dose assessment.


Purpose: This study aims to explore the similarities and differences of perceived risk and protective factors to school adaptation as experienced by children living in army compared to non-army families to inform educational psychology practice.
Design/Method: This study followed a qualitative design. Parents of 3 and 4 year olds, attending a maintained nursery, in a specific Southern East England area, which is host to an army base and where children experience a relative number of disadvantages were contacted through a research leaflet and a family information questionnaire. 6 parents each from army and non-army families, and 4 practitioners who talked about 3 children in their classes, participated in semi-structured interviews. The transcripts were subjected to a thematic analysis.
Findings: Unique risks, such as deployment and parental absence, are experienced by children living in army families, and they emotionally affect children. However, as well as adapting well to difficult situations, unlike children living in non-army families, these children benefit from community cohesion and social and familial support. Children living in army families are also exposed to unique risks such as army culture, possible bereavement and injury, post-deployment reunion, transitions and relocations. Despite experiencing these risks which have the potential to be extreme, proactive systemic planning is at the forethought of familial and school systems, whereas children living in non-army families experience many risks at family and school levels, such as parenting difficulties, parental mental health difficulties, conflict-based familial relationships and divided school systems.
Implications for EP practice: EPs are well placed in implementing systemic support strategies at familial and school levels to help parents and practitioners at a crucial time in their children's educational career, and promote school adaptation.
Originality/value: This study uniquely contributes to the limited literature on risk and protective factors experienced by children from army families in the UK. The comparative nature of this study provides suggestions for EP interventions.
Keywords: Risk and protective factors, army families, disadvantages, educational psychology practice, maintained nursery settings, school adaptation


The impression that oral mucositis is a brief 14–28 day-consequence of chemoradiation is misguided. Clinically significant patient-reported oral mucositis may last 46 to 102 days depending on the treatment schedule and the modality used. The process of mucositis can occur in the epithelium throughout the entire GI tract and may possibly be avoided with the prescribed use of high potency polymerized cross-linked sucralfate (HPPCLS). Literature review of patient-reported mucositis occuring in the three common schedules of cancer treatment administration: daily radiation therapy, induction-based hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and multi-cycle chemo/immunotherapy (CT-IT). Review articles published in last 15 years focused on treatment-induced oral mucositis. The author reviewed 56 articles published in 15 years from 1999–2014 that focused primarily on treatment-induced oral mucositis. Only 6 were found to meet the criteria of providing patient-reported data from the beginning, throughout and following cancer treatment. For HSCT, radiation therapy, and CT-IT, despite active anti-mucositis treatment, patient-reported oral mucositis lasted 46–60 days, 70–84 days, and 68–102 days, respectively. Mucositis caused by cancer treatment, regardless of modality, lasts far longer than the oft quoted 2–4 weeks (range, 14–28 days). Patient reported mucositis persists from 46 to 102 days. This patient-based experience is the primary cause of treatment interruptions, delays or cancellations. It may be avoidable with HPPCLS that both prevents and rapidly reverses mucositis anywhere it occurs within the gastrointestinal tract.


This paper presents a simple formulation for the simulation of rigid lengths of bars using the strain energy based stiffness method, and considering the geometric linear analysis. This formulation allows easy adaptation to the geometric non-linear problem of rigid links. A simplified strategy, assuming the incremental approach is presented, considering small rotations in each increment, suitable for handling cases where the three dimensional rotations are non-commutative. Keywords: Stiffness method. Rigid links. geometric non-linearity. CORREA, M. R. S.; VENTURINI, W. S. Trechos rigidos em estruturas reticuladas – analises linear e nao-linear geometrica. Cadernos de Engenharia de Estruturas , Sao Carlos, v. 12, n. 57, p. 57-66, 2010. ISSN: 1809-5860.


Let D be a bounded simply connected plane domain and let G(D) be its group of conformal automorphisms with metric . In this paper we solve some problems raiscd by Gaier about G(P). In particular we give conditions under which G(D) is a topological group and a locally compact space. We ascuss me srrucrure of the components of G(D).


We present a large-area electro-optic Fabry-Perot modulator utilizing a photoaddressable bis-azo polymer placed between two dielectric mirrors with an open aperture of 2 cm. A modulation efficiency of 1% at an effective modulation voltage of 20 V for a wavelength of 1.55 microm is demonstrated. By comparing distance tuning of the cavity with wavelength tuning, an effective electro-optic coefficient of -7 pm/V is measured.


Abstract: There are different ways to calculate the unloaded bandwidth of a series transmission resonator. For this type of two-port resonators, the availability of both return loss (s11) and insertion loss (s21) over-determines the system; that is, the unloaded 3-dB bandwidth and hence the quality factor of the resonator can be calculated from either s21 or s11. This paper describes different techniques that can be used to determine the unloaded quality factor of a series two-port resonator in order to determine which formulae should be used to most accurately measure the unloaded 3-dB bandwidth of the resonator. Sources of errors are described for both s11 and s21 methods. Then the measurement uncertainty is analyzed and compared to obtain the most accurate Q0 reading.


Objective: We tried to probe different aspects of ultrasound use in primary care team, to evaluate possibilities of the use of certain ultrasound methods in diagnostic procedure in the first examination and on the primary care level, to evaluate indications for specific ultrasound diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on the secondary and tertiary levels and we conducted an analysis of cost and cost effectiveness. Methods: This study was conducted in primary care clinic over period of six months. The clinic is based in Gracanica, an urban area of some 10,000 inhabitants. The control group is represented by a clinic in a town of similar demographic characteristics (11,000 inhabitants) - Primary Care clinic Doboj East in Klokotnica. This clinic does not have a direct access to an ultrasound thus all patients from this clinic are referred to secondary care unit. The results are written in a separate questionnaire. Conclusion: The results from the experimental primary care clinic with a direct access to an ultrasound have showed that the use of ultrasound on this level is of special social and medical importance: it shortens time for establishing the final diagnosis, makes use of expensive X-ray and other expensive test unnecessary and can be used to give an early diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. The results have showed, trough the frequency of use, that the most efficient use would be if one ultrasound is available per five primary care clinics.


"To succeed in today's turbo–charged environment, organizations must innovatively learn. Sarder's??book incorporates the best ideas of leaders from around the world and skillfully crafts them into a highly practical narrative that enables readers to build their own innovative learning organizations. This book will become a classic." Dr. Michael Marquardt, President of the World Institute for Action Learning, Professor at George Washington University, and author of Building the Learning Organization


The purpose of this study is to explore Jordanian teachers' and administrators' attitudes, both male and female, toward persons with disabilities and toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular education classrooms. Before the implementation of any special education programs for students with disabilities within the public schools, it is important to determine the attitudes of educators and administrators towards persons with disabilities. The study uses a demographic survey, the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale and the Mainstreaming Attitude Scale (MAS) to assess the attitudes of Jordanian educators and administrators towards persons with disabilities. The findings of this study show that educators' attitudes towards persons with disabilities in general were negative. Educators also showed that they were more accepting of students with learning disabilities and least accepting of students with mental retardation. Also the findings revealed that educators', in general, had a negative attitude towards including students with disabilities in the regular education classroom.


Aiming at the plant protection machine boom system with input constraints, uncertain disturbances and various nonlinear factors, a backstepping controller considering input saturation uncertain interference is proposed. The method introduces an auxiliary system, realizes the compensation of control saturation by designing new error variables, and solves the amplitude constraint problem of the control input. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov function, the stability of the planter boom system is guaranteed. The simulation results show that the designed controller has good tracking performance and robustness.


In piezomagnetism, the fundamental equations have been developed in differential form [e.g., V. I. Alshits and A. N. Darinskii, Wave Motion 15, 265–283 (1992)]. Alternatively, they may be expressed in variational form with its well‐known features; this is the topic of this paper. First, the magnetic vector, that is, the gradient of the magnetic potential, is introduced [cf. the authors, Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 4699–4706 (2003)]. Second, the sufficient conditions based on the energy argument are enumerated for a unique solution in the fundamental equations. Third, Hamilton's principle is stated and a three‐field variational principle is obtained. The principle yields only the divergence equations and some natural boundary conditions, and it has the remaining fundamental equations as its constraint conditions. The conditions are generally undesirable in computation, and they are accordingly removed through an involutory transformation [e.g., the authors, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 40, 457−489 (2002)]. Thus, a uni...


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This study sought to determine whether comorbidities, race, and socioeconomic factors affect 5‐ and 10‐year survival outcomes for patients with salivary gland malignancies treated at a single large academic institution with a large African American population.


A bar feeding conveyer utilizes at least a first pressure cylinder to extend from the beginning position and push a connecting plate to shift upwards and vertically to connect bars, and utilizes at least a second pressure cylinder to extend and horizontally push two movable bases to shift outwards, so as to enable the bars of the connecting plate to shift outwards with the second movable base simultaneously and horizontally, and move back through the retraction and the lowering of the first pressure cylinder. Therefore, the bars of the connecting plate are lowered to aim at the center axis of a lathe, thereby conducting a first feeding operation. After the feeding operation is finished, the second pressure cylinder retracts and turns back to the beginning point, so as to cause the pressure cylinder to conduct a second feeding operation, in this way, the feeding operation of first bars is completed.


Before the summer of 1983 we had no serious evidence of nonstellar, solid material orbiting any star other than our own. As far as we knew, our solar system might be a rare—perhaps even unique—curiosity in the Galaxy. But in the last 18 months we've learned a lot. Infrared investigations by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) and several ground‐based telescopes have provided strong evidence for aggregates of small particles orbiting as many as 40 stars in our extended neighborhood (PHYSICS TODAY, May 1984, page 17).


Gravitational waves from the binary black hole merger GW150914 were detected in 2015. In addition, gravitational waves from the binary neutron star merger GW170817 were detected in 2017, followed by electromagnetic observations at various wavelengths from gamma-ray to radio wavelengths. These observations opened a new era of multi-messenger astronomy and astrophysics. Due to the short distance to the source, the tidal deformability of neutron stars, which contains information on their inner structure, has been estimated for GW170817. In this work, we discuss the possibilities of using gravitational waves to measure the tidal deformability of neutron stars.


Background:With increase of the incidence of Crohn's disease(CD)and aging of the population,the number of elderly patients with CD is expanding.However,its clinical characteristics remain unclarified.Aims:By analyzing the clinical and laboratory tests,the similarities and differences between the elderly and the young and middle-aged groups were appraised in order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.Methods:Retrospective analysis was carried out in 15 elderly and 118 young and middle-aged CD patients.Results:In the elderly group there were more men(n=10)than women(n= 5,a ratio of 2:1).Among the clinical symptoms,except the lower frequency of diarrhea in the elderly group(33.3% vs. 54.2%,P<0.05),the frequency of other symptoms as abdominal pain,weight loss,fever and fatigue were similar. Concordant involvement of large and small intestine were more often in the elderly group.Decrease of serum albumin and elevated ESR were the most common laboratory tests in the elderly group,but with no statistical significance between the two groups.The incidence rate of complications in the elderly patients was 53.3%,among which,intestinal obstruction being more common,extraintestinal manifestations present in 26.7%.Elderly patients with CD were frequently misdiagnosed as carcinoma of colon and iscbemic colitis.33.3% of the elderly CD were operated due to complications, and 26.7% were operated for precise diagnosis.The medical treatment was mainly included aminosalicylic acid and corticosteroids.Conclusions:The clinical features,laboratory tests,complications and extraintestinal manifestations are equally frequent in the two groups,but elderly patients with CD are more prone to be misdiagnosed as colon carcinoma and ischemie colitis.


New CO(1→0) and CO(2→1) profiles complemented by data from the literature are used to obtain CO linewidths for 29 barred spiral galaxies with young nuclear star-bursts. The ages of the starbursts were estimated from optical spectroscopy and recent evolutionary synthesis models. The CO linewidths and the starburst ages are correlated : galaxies with young (4-6 Myr) starbursts display narrow (< ∼ 100 km.s −1) CO line while those with older starbursts show broader CO lines. We discuss several scenarios of the gas dynamics during the nuclear starbursts' evolution to interpret the correlation.


This study takes older blocks around the eight immortals palace in Dongguan of xi 'an as an example to explore the comparison and validation of integration of community public space in the old city with the classification prototype, and then puts forward strategies for the space management. Based on the social network, public space of eight immortals palace old blocks is studied by combining the residential planning theory and related theory of space syntax , which can guide the public space governance for the old bocks and make them self-renewal. This paper tries to use this method for old blocks space integration. Public space structure adapt to the requirement of the public activ integration can make the old blocks maintain its vitality, thus extends the social memory of old blocks residents, and keeps distinctive living forms. Moreover, that plays an positive role in preserving urban memory. At the same time, this research also has certain limitations. There are many historic blocks in the eight immortals palace area. The eight immortals palace as a cultural heritage is bearing the weight of the memory of people, but it remains to be further discussed for its relationship with the old blocks update. Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)


With the advent of numerous programming languages, both special and general purpose, much interest has been generated in developing newer and higher level programming languages. Two notable approaches have been taken in the attempt to provide language processors for the development of new programming languages with a minimum investment in programmer time and effort. One method is to provide, in an existing programming language, facilities for list processing, stack maintenance, and character manipulation, which can then be used to write a compiler for the language under development. Another approach is the now classic "Meta-Compiler" method typified by the "Meta" series of programs by Val Schorre et al. In these programs, a description of the syntax of the source language is given, together with a paraform code which contains transformational rules. The output is the desired compiler.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to know if the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) as defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria 2005 identifies more subjects with atherogenic dyslipidemia and high cardiovascular risk than the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) criteria.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
Cross-sectional study in an adult population (20-70 years) of 344 subjects (158 males and 186 females), who visited an out-patient clinic in the metropolitan area of Valencia over a period of one year. Opportunistic search method was used. We studied: anthropometrics parameters, blood pressure, plasma lipids -non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (no-HDL-c), and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol index (TC-HDL-c)-, glucose and insulin, and HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment) index.

RESULTS
We have separated the subjects on the basis to the IDF or ATP-III criteria to define the MS. The MS define a group of subjects with important plasma lipids alterations and cardiovascular risk: increase of no-HDL-c, of TC:HDL-c index and of apolipoprotein B. The TC:HDL-c index was > or = 6 in 28.6% of the subjects with MS and only in 9.4% of the subjects without MS (p < 0.0001) by IDF criteria and in 34.6% of the subjects with MS-ATP-III, and in 8.6% without MS-ATP-III (p < 0.0001). The apolipoprotein B > or = 1.2 g/l was observed in 44% of the subjects with MS and only in 26% without MS IDF criteria (p < 0.0001), and only in 47.6% and 28.6%, respectively, by ATP-III criteria (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The MS defined by the IDF or ATP-III criteria equally identifies subjects with atherogenic dyslipidemia, with increase of no-HDL-c, of the TC: HDL-c index and of the apolipoprotein B and, for this reason, with high cardiovascular risk.


Here, we review an overall effectiveness of interferon-based preparations and its biosynthesis inducers for treatment of feline leukemia, as well as development of methodological approaches to improve efficacy of interferon therapy. Feline leukemia is a systemic hematopoietic malignancy caused by a single-stranded RNA retrovirus called feline leukemia virus (FeLV) that leads to lethal outcome within about 3 years after the onset. FelV is widely distributed in population of domestic cats worldwide, being often detected in the blood of wild cats, including those of rare and endangered species. In some regions, FeLV prevalence may be high not only among domestic cats, but and among wild. Currently, there are several commercially available vaccines to protect cats from FeLV infection (e.g., inactivated whole-virion vaccines such as Nobivac adjuvanted feline 2-FeLV, two-adjuvant subunit vaccine FeLV-derived protein antigens as well as non-adjuvanted vector DNA vaccine). However, none of such vaccines provides durable protection. In addition, vaccination of cats against FeLV is often associated with development of diverse inflammatory, allergic and shock complications, and highly serious side effects such as developing vaccine-associated sarcoma at the injection site that some researchers connect with use of adjuvants like aluminum salts etc. We briefly describe FeLV virus, pathogenetic parameters  associated with FeLV-infection as well as current technologies for preventing and treating feline leukemia. A historic background and current state of interferon therapy for FeLV infection as well as associated neoplastic processes in domestic cats and some wild species are evaluated. Possible interventions aimed at improving efficiency of interferon therapy of feline leukemia based on using new recombinant interferon preparations of various types and subtypes, as well as interferon inducers are discussed. In conclusion, it is noted that another interesting and potentially highly promising option in defining strategy of biotherapy associated with modulating IFN system in FeLV-infected animals might be use of synthetic inducers triggering endogenous IFN production.


Injection and mixing techniques for the preparation of fresh meat baits containing sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) were evaluated. Both techniques produced baits containing variable quantities of 1080. The injection of 1 ml of 6.0-mg ml-1 1080 and 0.5 ml of 13.6-mg ml-1 1080 solution produced baits containing (mean ± SD) 2.9 ± 0.6 and 3.5 ± 0.5 mg of 1080 respectively; the ranges were 1.9-4.1 and 2.1-4.4 mg respectively. Decreasing the injection volume while increasing the 1080 concentration did not increase the percentage of 1080 recovered from baits. Mixed baits prepared by tumbling with 1 ml of 5.7-mg ml-1 1080 and 1 ml of 10-mg ml-1 1080 per bait contained 3.8 ± 1.9 and 5.3 ± 2.1 mg of 1080 respectively, with respective ranges of 1.2-11.3 and 1.2-13.2 mg per bait. The injection method produced baits more uniform with respect to the amount of 1080 in the bait. A significant fraction of the 1080 added in both methods of preparation was not found. Experiments showed that this loss was due to biochemical reaction rather than physical loss.


present an alternative to karyotype testing and enable early diagnosis and treatment. Research has estimated that 1 in between 50 and 100 girls with short stature have TS, which affects only girls and is caused by complete or partial deletion of an X chromosome or mosaicism, a deletion of the chromosome in some cells. Clinical signs of TS are varied and often subtle, but usually include short stature, heart and kidney defects, and failure to begin puberty. Too often patients with TS are diagnosed too late for hormone therapy to spur enough growth for them to achieve a relatively normal adult height and some girls aren't diagnosed until their peers are entering puberty. The most common test for TS is karyotype analysis, an expensive and labor-intensive process that's impractical for large-scale population testing or high-throughput testing. Writing in the Journal of Clinical Metabolism and Endocrinology, researchers led by endocrinologist Scott Rivkees, MD, Professor of Pediatrics at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, describe a new, high throughput test they say is adaptable to newborn screening. The article was published online ahead of print on December 22, 2010 (doi:10.1210/jc. 2010-1554).


Objective To improve social cognition,attitution,and behavior on childhood lead poisoning,prevent it,and reduce its incidence rate.Methods 376 children were randomly selected from 4 kindergartens in the representative region which had been polluted,such as the factories and mine areas,the heavy traffic areas,the common urbans,the suburbs and so on.Test their blood lead level before and after taking interventional measures.Results Before the intervention,the incidence rate of blood lead level above 100ug/L was 27.92%,which was close to that of the national city.But after taking interventional measures, the incidence rate reduced from 27.92% to 10.10%.There were significant differences between the two rates(X2=45.81, p0.001).And two levels of the blood lead were abnormal distribution,there were significant differences between the average blood lead level of the two tests (z=4.31 p0.001). The blood lead level of the two groups were non-normal distribution. Conclusion Health promotion plays a very important part in the Controlling and the prevention of preschool childhood lead poisoning on the condition that it is unable to completely disengage from the environment which has been polluted by lead.


Fine structure has been observed in the low-temperature Raman spectrum of the 128-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $E$ mode in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz. This structure is a manifestation of an allowed linear dependence of the optical-phonon frequency on wave vector. Since Raman scattering probes a small but finite wave vector, it is possible to observe these frequency shifts using high-resolution thermal or simulated Raman spectroscopy. The linear splitting of the 128-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $E$-mode doublet is 0.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ cm/sec as determined by backscattering with several laser wavelengths. Such linear wave-vector shifts lead to optical activity in the far infrared (IR). The theory of the strength and dispersion of infrared rotary power is developed in order to establish the connection between the two phenomena. The rotary power for the 128-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ resonance can be estimated from the measured linear shift, lifetime, and IR oscillator strength. However, a direct IR rotation measurement would be hindered by the associated absorption.


Targeted therapy has profoundly improved outcomes for some cancer patients, yet the emergence of drug resistance remains a major challenge. Two studies now explore the role of tumor microenvironment in resistance to kinase inhibitors. Straussman et al. investigated the role of microenvironment in innate drug resistance using a coculture system in which 45 GFP-labeled human cancer cell lines were cultured alone or with 1 of 23 human stromal cell lines in the presence of 35 oncology drugs. The authors noted a particular connection between stroma-mediated resistance and targeted agents and focused their mechanistic investigations on resistance to a RAF inhibitor (PLX4720). The authors discovered that a secreted factor was responsible for resistance and used an antibody array–based analysis of secreted factors to identify HGF, a ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET. Validation experiments with recombinant HGF or with HGF-neutralizing antibodies showed that HGF was both necessary and sufficient to confer drug resistance. Wilson et al. performed a related matrix analysis to investigate the effects of various RTK ligands on tumor growth in response to drugs, finding that HGF enabled tumor cells to grow in the presence of various targeted drugs. Similar to Straussman et al., these authors found that HGF attenuated the response of MET-expressing melanoma cells to BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032), and they further demonstrated that inhibition of MET could block HGF-induced resistance in vitro and in vivo. Together these studies suggest that understanding the impact of microenvironment on drug sensitivity could improve outcomes with targeted therapies. AD


A material of ceramic substrate for thin-film magnetic head that has high workability and thermal conductivity suitable for ceramic substrates for thin-film magnetic head, being capable of suppressing dusting. There is provided a material of ceramic substrate for thin-film magnetic head comprising 25 to 70 vol% of WC and the balance composed mainly of Al 2 O 3 . The contents of metal, oxygen and nitrogen in WC are = 0.1 mass%, = 0.5 mass% and = 0.5 mass%, respectively. The average particle diameter of WC is = 0.6 m.


This article attempts to provide a minimal disaster management framework for the elderly who are living alone. Elderly people are generally vulnerable to hazards and emergency situations. The proposed framework aims at developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-based intelligent, protective ecosystem for elderly that calls for help in emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, home fires, volcanic eruptions, and storms. This disaster system makes use of a range of calamity sensors in conjunction with in-house activities of the elderly subject. In the case of mishappening, the disaster relief authorities, community members, and other stakeholders will be instantly informed. All these sensors are powered through an uninterrupted electricity supply system, which will continue to work even in the case of power outages. The work carried out in this article is deeply inspired by the need to have holistic platforms that ensure a low-cost, robust, and responsive disaster alert system for the elderly (DASE) in place. Our objective is to overcome many of the shortcomings in the existing systems and offer a reactive disaster recovery technique. Additionally, this article also incorporates the need to take care of numerous important factors, for instance, the elderly individual's limited physical and cognitive limitations, ergonomic requirements, spending capacity, etc.


The purpose of this paper is to explain the Black–Scholes model with minimal technical requirements and to illustrate its impact from a business perspective.,The paper employs simple accounting concepts and an argument part based on business need.,The Black–Scholes partial differential equation can be derived in many ways, some easy to understand, some hard, some useful and others not. The two methods in this paper are extremely insightful.,The paper takes a big-picture view of derivatives valuation. As such, it is a simple accompaniment to more complex methods and aims to keep modelling grounded in reality.


The need of Web-based systems for electron distance learning (SEDL) is examined in the present paper. The existing world standards and environments for Web-based electron distance learning have been analyzed. The basic components and factors in the process of automated learning and the used technological modules have been defined. The various basic components building the software of the system for electron distance learning have been analyzed and reference points for their optimal choice have been defined.


Fro Flo Ne xD Bo Ca Ca su en Gm Gr Ind OBJECTIVES This study sought to compare age-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a wide cohort of European subjects. BACKGROUND AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the elderly. METHODS We evaluated all patients enrolled in the EORP-AF (EURObservational Research Programme-Atrial Fibrillation) General Pilot Registry in 70 centers of 9 European countries. RESULTS Among 3,119 subjects, 1,051 (33.7%) were age $75 years. Permanent AF was significantly more common in the elderly, who had a higher prevalence of hypertension, valvular diseases, chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and prior hemorrhagic event or a transient ischemic attack. Common diagnostic tests were underused in older subjects. Despite their higher stroke risk, the use of oral anticoagulants was significantly lower in the elderly (76.7% vs. 82.8%; p 1⁄4 0.0012), whereas aspirin and clopidogrel alone or in combination were more often prescribed. Rate control was the management of choice in the older group, with electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation performed less frequently than in the younger age group. Antiarrhythmic drugs were significantly less prescribed in the elderly (29.8% vs. 41.7%; p < 0.0001). At the 1-year follow-up, mortality (11.5% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.0001) and the composite of stroke/transient ischemic attack, systemic thromboembolism, and/or death (13.6% vs. 4.9%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the $75 years of age cohort. CONCLUSIONS In older patients, AF is more often associated with comorbidities. Rate control is the preferred therapeutic approach. Despite a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score, the use of oral anticoagulation is suboptimal. In elderly subjects, the rate of adverse events is higher at follow-up. (J Am Coll Cardiol EP 2015;1:326–34) © 2015 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. m the *Division of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of rence and AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy; yDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo-Hengelo, Hengelo, the therlands; zEURObservational Research Programme Department, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia Antipolis, France; epartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, logna, Italy; kCounty Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania; {Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; #Department of rdiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and the **University of Birmingham, Center for rdiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. At the time of the registry, the following companies were pporting the EURObservational Research Programme: Abbott Vascular International, Amgen, Bayer Pharma AG, Boston Scitific International, The Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer Alliance, Boehringer Ingelheim, The Alliance Daiichi Sankyo Europe bH and Eli Lilly and Company, Menarini International Operations, Merck & Co. International, Novartis Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis oup, and SERVIER. Dr. Fumagalli held lectures for BMS/Pfizer; and was an investigator for a study sponsored by A. Menarini ustrie Farmaceutiche Riunite. Dr. Boriani received a small speakers fee (less than V1,200) from Boehringer, Medtronic Inc., AB BR E V I A T I O N S


This paper presents a general mechanism for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate and sucrose in the presence of 24 differently prepared oxidized charcoals and, for comparison, sulfonated cation-exchange resins and hydrochloric acid. The catalytic activity of the oxidized charcoals may be described by a three-parameter equation taking account of the acid and structural features of the catalysts. The applicability of the Michaelis-Menten equation was demonstrated and an explanation of the parameters of this equation for the catalysts examined was given.


Incubation for 30 to 150 min resulted in a permanent decrease of redox potential in loamy soil aggregates owing to the activity of microorganisms and penetration of oxygen from the air into the aggregates. It was found that (1) the initial value of redox potential depended on the soil type, (2) soil moisture and organic substrate determined the rate of decrease of redox potential, and (3) the changes in redox potential were dependent on its initial value.


One of the central problems in the computational social science is to understand how information spreads in online social networks. Some works state that people using these networks may not cope with the amount of information due to cognitive restrictions, resulting in a limit of attention spent reading and sharing messages. A competition scenario emerges, where memes of messages want to be remembered and shared in order to outlast others. This research is concerned with building empirical evidence that homophily plays a role in the success of each meme over the competition. Homophily is an effect observed when people prefer to interact with those they identify with. By gathering data from Twitter, we clustered memes into topics that are used to characterize the homophily. We executed a computational experiment, based on a simplified memory model of meme adoption, and verified that the adoption is influenced by topical homophily.


The aim of this research are (1) to know the horticulture of markisa as the best product in Gowa regency and its contribution towards PDRB, (2) to know the component of transactional cost existing in the interaction of markisa agro industry and design the strategy in developing the passion fruit agro industry in Gowa regency. The obtained data are analyzed by using the area analysis, base analysis and transactional cost analysis. The results showed that (1) the horticulture of passion fruit in Gowa regency has potency to be the superior product; (2) the contribution of markisa agroindustry in Gowa regency towards the receiving of PDRB was low. (3) the component of transactional cost in the activity of passion fruit agro industry were transactional cost and contract agreement; (4) strategy in developing the markisa agro industry in Gowa regency conducted in two ways (a) the improvement of road facility and infrastructure and controlling relating with trade traffic due to main component constructing the interaction of passion fruit agro industry was interactions cost (b) the giving of production facility aiming to minimize the appearance of transaction cost relating with the contract enforcement namely war material quality based on the industrial need (c) to bureaucracy the accessibility in giving the business credit (d) institutional synergy to enforce the cooperation between top and down line.


This paper presents an analysis of the performance of India's poverty alleviation programmes during the first three years of the Sixth Five Year Plan based on the mid term appraisal published by the Planning Commission. In relative terms, our poverty alleviation programmes have performed much less satisfactorily than the conventional economic and infrastructure programmes and sectors. This paper then examines the underlying causes and argues that the orientation and process of Indian planning must be changed radically in order for our poverty alleviation strategies and programmes to perform better.


Objective To study the best diagnostic imaging procedure after acute stroke.Methods 53 patients with acute stroke were recruited within 72 hours after symptom onset.CT was performed in all patients firstly, then T1 weighted-imaging( T1 WI), T2 weighted-imaging( T2WI ), gradient recalled echo T2 * weighted-imaging( GRE-T2 * WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) were examined at 1.5T.Furthermore 15 patients with ischemic stroke received perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI) examination.Results 15 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and one patient of hemorrhagic brain tumor appeared clear on GRE-T2 * WI.3 patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA) were normal on T1WI ,T2WI ,GRE-T2* WI and DWI.18 cases with cerebral infarction appeared normal on GRE-T2 * WI within 6 hours after symptom onset, and 7 cases of them underwent PWI examination, the signal intensity of 3 cases were PWI ≥ DWI and of 4 cases were PWI = DWI.14 patients appeared hyperintense on GRE-T2 * WI within 6 ~72 hours after symptom onset.8 patients of them underwent PWI examination,the signal intensity of 6 cases were PWI≥DWI and of 2 cases were PWI = DWI.Of 14 patients,7 patients appeared as 1 ~ 18 dot or patchy hypointense whose diameter was about 2 ~ 5mm on GRE-T2 * WI.Another case of headache with hemiplegia and the side of the limb didnt show abnormalities on the CT, but showed a low signal in ambient cistern on T2 * WI and was proved to be subarachnoid hemorrhage.Conclusion After acute stroke,multi-sequence MRI enables the "one-stop shopping" imaging of cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction and TIA in a shorter time,makes the state of micro-bleeding clear,determines ischemic penumbra,and even guides for thrombolytic treatment.

Key words:
Multi sequence MRI;  Acute stroke;  Diagnostic procedure


Naturally, the gyroscopic moment is small for the many practical rotating machineries. In addition, some mechanical elements of a rotor system make various types of nonlinearity such as clearance in a ball bearing (Yamamoto, 1955)(Yamamoto, 1977), oil film in a journal bearing (Tondl, 1965), geometrical nonlinearity due to the shaft elongation (Shaw, 1988),(Ishida, 1996), etc. In such rotor systems, the natural frequencies of a forward whirling mode pf and a backward whirling mode pb almost satisfy the relation of internal resonance pf : pb = 1 : (−1). And then, the critical speeds of a backward harmonic oscillation and a supercombination oscillation are near from the major critical speed. Similarly, in the vicinity of two times of the major critical speed, the critical speeds of the forward and the backward subharmonic resonances of order 1/2 and the combination resonance are close to each other. Therefore, the internal resonance phenomena may occur at the major critical speed and two times of the major critical speed. However there are few studies on the nonlinear phenomena of the rotor systems due to the influence of internal resonance. In this study, we use a 2DOF rotor model and investigate the dynamic characteristics of nonlinear phenomena, especially the chaotic vibration, due to the internal resonance at the major critical speed and the critical speed of two times of the major critical speed. The following are clarified theoretically: (a) the Hopf bifurcation and consecutive period doubling bifurcations possible route to chaos occur at the major critical speed and at two times of the major critical speed, (b) another chaotic vibration from the combination resonance occur at two times of the major critical speed. The results demonstrate that the chaotic vibration is common nonlinear phenomena in the nonlinear rotor system when the effect of the gyroscopic moment is small.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


An efficient, pyridine-free protocol has been developed for the protection of the 3°-allyl alcohol of oxindole using a mild base, such as potassium carbonate, under microwave irradiation conditions. The methodology has been tested with a variety of substrates and protecting group reagents, which provides a clean and good yield of the desired products within a short reaction time.


The previous decade has seen a large increase in the total number of individuals succumbing to the Lou Gehrig's disease also known as the Motor Neuron Disease (MND). Though the reason for imbibing the disease still remains a medical mystery, individuals exposed to the same showcase a gradual degradation of their nervous system and in turn lose their ability to locomote and speak. In this paper, an optimized approach to assist the MND patients to communicate utilizing a sequence of winks has been elaborated. A cost effective and simple setup has also been described. Compared to the predecessor algorithms which exist, the method discussed in this paper is 2 times faster and also accurate considering successful trials on 50 individuals. The complete algorithm was designed and developed on the 2011b version of SIMULINK.