This paper reportes a method for the simultaneous determination of dihydroergoeryptine A mesylate and caffeine contents in vasobral tablets by RP HPLC, with ethylparaben as internal standard. C 18 column was used, with acetonitrile 0.01 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted the solution with phosphoric acid to pH 2.0) as mobile phase; the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min; the wavelengths of detector were 290 nm(dihydroergoeryptine A mesylate) and 265 nm(caffeine) respectively. The average recovery rate of dihydroergoeryptine A mesylate and caffeine were 99.4% with the RSD of 0.21% (n=6) and 99.6% with the RSD of 0.41%(n=6) respectively. The method was simple,rapid and acurate.


This paper discusses challenges to and promising practices for making infrastructure improvements that enable persons with disabilities and all system users to safely reach public transportation stations and stops to access fixed-route transit options. Although tremendous strides have been made in national transit system accessibility since the 1990 passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, far less progress has been made in ensuring that pathways to accessible transit stations and stops are in place. This reality poses a critical mobility concern as the nation's aging population continues to rise, as does the percentage of the population with disability who may need to utilize public transit to access life enhancing and sustaining services. The study uses a national survey and targeted case study analysis to identify effective best practices for facilitating improvement to pathways to transit. These include approaching cost and funding creatively; pursuing partnerships; initiating and maintaining open communication and collaboration; exploring the use of data and new technologies to reduce cost and improve outcomes; and thinking holistically to identify and address pathway to transit improvement needs. Useful to both practitioners and policy-makers, the findings presented offer insights on how agencies can successfully achieve infrastructure improvements that extend beyond their own facilities and that allow people with disabilities and others to more easily access public transit.


The characteristics of the more than 300 declining or stagnant Soviet towns with 15,000 or more people since 1959 are investigated based on the censuses of 1959, 1970 and 1979, and official estimates of 1974 and 1978. These towns are disproportionately located in the eastern USSR, especially in the Urals and West Siberia. Most of them are narrowly specialized coal-mining towns, especially numerous among sharply declining towns, and railroad towns. The vast majority were also small, young and on railroads, with an especially large number being on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, in particular, although a relatively high proportion suffer from being on rail-roads. Virtually none of the declining and stagnant towns of the 1959-70 period have experienced rapid growth since 1970; the majority have continued to be either declining or stagnant. Preliminary data on large cities from the 1979 census, as well as 1974 population estimates, tend to suggest that the number of declining and stagnant towns between 1970 and ...


In this study, a total of 172 putative omega‐3 producers were isolated from 28 sediment samples from the Arabian Gulf employing a selective isolation procedure using marine agar containing 0·1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Out of these 172 isolates, 19 isolates produced eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as confirmed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS). The EPA content of the isolated bacterial strain varied from 1·76 to 6·52% of total fatty acids. Among the 19 isolates of EPA producers, while 17 isolates harboured both pfaA gene and Δ6 desaturase gene, only five isolates harboured Δ5 desaturase gene. Two of the EPA positive strains harbour none of the three genes tested. The 16s RNA identification of these isolates revealed that except one, all the EPA producers were Gram‐positive marine bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, family Bacillacea, genera Bacillus and Oceanobacillus. Halomonas pacifica was the only Gram‐negative Gamma‐Proteobacteria detected to produce EPA from this region.


We address one of the weaknesses of the RSA ciphering systems i.e. the existence of the private keys that are relatively easy to compromise by the attacker. The problem can be mitigated by the Internet services providers, but it requires some computational effort. We propose the proof of concept of the GPGPU-accelerated system that can help detect and eliminate users' weak keys. We have proposed the algorithms and developed the GPU-optimised program code that is now publicly available and substantially outperforms the tested CPU processor. The source code of the OpenSSL library was adapted for GPGPU, and the resulting code can perform both on the GPU and CPU processors. Additionally, we present the solution how to map a triangular grid into the GPU rectangular grid – the basic dilemma in many problems that concern pair-wise analysis for the set of elements. Also, the comparison of two data caching methods on GPGPU leads to the interesting general conclusions. We present the results of the experiments of the performance analysis of the selected algorithms for the various RSA key length, configurations of GPU grid, and size of the tested key set. Keywords—cryptography, Internet security, intrusion prevention, accelerated computing, caching methods, big numbers computing


The removal of antimony and sodium butyl xanthate from antimony ore wastewater using acidified coal fly ash were investigated under various conditions of dosage,pH and standing time.The results demonstrated that at a dosage of 1∶100 and pH 3,the concentration of antimony decreased from 28.611 mg·L-1 to 0.05 mg·L-1 (up to 99.8%) and the concentration of sodium butyl xanthate decreased from 0.373 mg·L-1 to 0.02 mg·L-1 (up to 95.0%) over a 4 h period.After use,the acidified coal fly ash was leached with sulphuric and nitric acids and the contents of heavy metals detected in the leaching liquid were below the national standard,indicating a low toxicity of the solid fly ash waste.This result indicates that acidified coal fly ash can be useful as an absorbent to treat wastewater from antimony ore processing.


Striving to intensify horticultural production, new and more effective bio-preparations are being sought to stimulate plant growth and development. Bio-algeen S90 is a natural agent based on sea algae, the high bi- ological activity of which results from the high content of natural growth regulators. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of Bio-algeen S90 on the growth, morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Rosa multiflora seedlings. The bio-preparation was applied one, two and three times at con- centrations: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg.dm−3. Following parameters were measured to evaluate the response of plants to the bio-preparation: F0 – initial fluorescence, Fm – maximal fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, Fv/Fm – maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII. All concentrations of the bio-preparation and frequency of its application stimulated the number of shoots in a bush, the length of shoots and the diameter of the root crown of plants intended for budding. The most beneficial was the two-fold bio-preparation application at a concentration of 0.4 mg.dm–3. Bio-algeen also positively influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parame- ters. The highest mean F0 and Fm values were recorded with the two-fold preparation treatment. There was no significant effect of the bio-preparation on the Fv/Fm index, which was within the range of 0.75–0.66.


A series of seven workshops on information processing psychology were held at CMU in the summer of 1973 under the sponsorship of the Mathematical Social Science Board (MSSB). They followed on a similar workshop held in 1972. The topics were: (1) automatic protocol analysis; (2) concept attainment and rule induction; (3), (4), (5) semantic representation; (6) developmental psychology; (7) short term memory and the immediate processor (production systems). They all involved the interactive exploration of programs that embodied theories in the respective areas. One purpose of the workshops was to discover how intense interactive use of computers can aid in scientific communication. Participants were scientists in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. REPORT OF 1973 WORKSHOPS ON INFORMATION PROCESSING PSYCHOLOGY * Zenon Pylyshyn and Allen Newell A. General Description


I attended numerous programs, discussion groups and vendor presentations while at this conference. Specific programs that I attended included presentations on embedded librarianship, determining the value of academic libraries, the internet and society, change in libraries, information literacy assessment and discussions on assessment in libraries, and leadership in libraries.


The development of an experimental model of an ultrasonic linear array system for the inspection of weldments in nuclear reactor pressure vessels is described. The imaging system is designed to operate in both pulse echo and holographic modes of operation. The system utilizes a sequentially pulsed, phase steered linear array to develop pulse echo images and a line focused illumination transducer in conjunction with a linear receiver array to develop holographic reconstructed images. The results recorded from the computer-based system demonstrate the capability of array technology. Excellent results from both the pulse echo and holographic modes of operation have been achieved. Pulse echo images of flaws in weldments are displayed in B-scan, C-scan, or isometric presentations. Reconstruction of the phase or holographic images are compared with pulse echo results and demonstrate the enhancement potential for the holographic procedure.


Aim. To study the influence of type of behavioral activity on the development of cardiovascular diseases, to evaluate the effect of type of behavior on the frequency of repeated hospitalizations and fatal outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome who were subsequently divided into groups according to the main disease - acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. The median age was 62.09±5.46 years, the therapy according to the underlying disease. All patients had anamnesis of previous and concomitant diseases, anthropometric measurements, physical examination, and observation during the next 24 months after inclusion in the study. In dynamics he carried out daily monitoring of electrocardiogramm, daily monitoring of blood pressure, echocardiography. Diagnosis of types of behavioral activity was carried out using the test method "type of behavioral activity" developed on the basis of the questionnaire Jenkins Activity Survey, published in 1974 by C. Jenkins, the Russian-language adaptation was performed in NIPNI Bekhtereva (L.I. Wasserman, N.V. Gumenyuk). Results. In patients with behavioral activity type A more frequent occurrence of diseases such as angina, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, acute violation of cerebral circulation, type 2 diabetes than in persons with behavior type AB and B. Repeated hospitalizations for unstable blood pressure and unstable angina on the background of standard therapy in patients with type a behavior occur more often than in patients with type AB and B.


The intensity distribution of diffraction field of two non-diffracting beams which interfere in a long distance is derived. Non-diffracting beam is generated by an axicon, which is then split into two coherent beams by a beam splitting prism, one of the two beams is regarded as reference beam, which meet the other one through reflector and another beam splitting prism after a long distance. The distribution of interference field is the coherent superposition of each diffraction field. Results show that the locus of interference fringes can be generally assumed hyperbola, the shape of which is affected by interference instance. When the two beams remain parallel, the diffraction pattern is analyzed to be hyperbolic moire fringe,in a case where there is an oblique angle between two beams, the trend of hyperbolic moire fringe change with the interference fringe trend without axicon. Experimental results are compared with theoretical analysis results. Good agreements between them is obtained.


Abstrcat In this paper an algorithm for timetable problem, which can meet various needs of timetable in real application, was promoted by mathematical modeling and analyzing its common characteristics with process scheduling. At the same time, the algorithm complexities were also analyzed.


Jianyucha oilfield is a typical low permeability reservoir, after more than five years waterflooding development, reservoir void structure and permeability ratio have undergone great changes. Contradictions of inner layer and between layers further aggravated, forming high permeability zone and seepage advantage channel, water flooding condition and remaining oil distribution are becoming more and more complex, the difficulty of stable oil field production is increasing, comprehensive water cut is about 83%, which not only can greatly affect the recovery degree of crude oil, but also can increase oil production cost. In order to improve water flooding recovery, large pore path and high permeability layer must be blocked. The profile technology as an effective means of reducing water cut and enhanced oil recovery has become the key technology for Jianyucha oilfield sustainable development.


Objective: to assess and describe the quality of a health care service for adolescents. Method: data were obtained based on the questionnaire "Complexity Estimate and Efficiency Conditions of Ambulatory Service for Adolescents" validated and issued by Pan American Health Organization. Results: the physical structure is adequate, service dynamics reflect difficulties inherent to public services in general, and lack of knowledge and of material resources, both basic and technological, was observed, as well as insufficiently trained multi professional teams. Conclusion: demands observed in the care of adolescents and which are the goal of good quality integral attention reflect the necessity of new plans for professional action and of improvements in working conditions for professionals, so as not miss opportunities for saving lives.


Bike-sharing systems are widely operated in many cities as green transportation means to solve the last mile problem and reduce traffic congestion. One of the critical challenges in operating high-quality bike-sharing systems is rebalancing bike stations from being full or empty. However, the complex characteristics of spatiotemporal dependency on usage demand may lead to difficulties for traditional statistical models in dealing with this complex relationship. To address this issue, we propose a graph-based neural network model to learn the representation of bike-sharing demand spatial-temporal graph. The model has the ability to use graph-structured data and takes both spatial- and temporal aspects into consideration. A case study about bike-sharing systems in Nanjing, a large city in China, is conducted based on the proposed method. The results show that the algorithm can predict short-term bike demand with relatively high accuracy and low computing time. The predicted errors for the hourly station level usage demand prediction are often within 20 bikes. The results provide helpful tools for short-term usage demand prediction of bike-sharing systems and other similar shared mobility systems.


Stuttering is a speech disorder in which sounds, syllables, phrases, or words are repeated or prolonged, disrupting the normal flow of speech. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a solution to overcome stuttering by an acceptable level using the proposed mobile application Speakup. This research describes a mobile application which will help users who are affected by stuttering to train themselves by following various methodologies customized for their level and type of stuttering. The research component of the project focuses on identifying the level and severity of stuttering of the user and studying the traditional methodologies, "Slowed Reading" and "Easy Onset", with the help of an SLP and providing a methodology to develop it inside the mobile application. Research also focuses on identifying the best-optimized methodology to get the user's voice input and convert it to the respective text. The mobile application allows users to assist them and train themselves from stuttering by an acceptable level and help them become better communicators.


A compact square-circular-ring absorber is designed, and analyzed in this paper. The suggested absorber has a dual-band absorption response at the desired operating frequency. Simulation results show that the designed absorber has two absorption peaks at 3 GHz and 5.4 GHz with absorption peaks of 98.6% and 99.6% respectively. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST-2021) simulator is used to calculate the electromagnetic properties (EM) for the proposed absorber. The suggested absorber is designed using an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3, and a loss tangent of 0.025. The total size of the designed unit cell is $\displaystyle \mathbf{ 14 \times 14\times 1.5\ {mm}^{3}}$.


SummaryLess than 100 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina have been reported in the English literature. We have not found a previously reported case in which the final presentation was with acute retention of urine due to obstruction at the bladder neck by tumour extension or recurrence.


The effects of the thickness variation and the material property variation of thin-film piezoelectric actuators on the actuation shear stress when the actuators are attached to an elastic plate are studied. A system of 2D equations for the flexure and shear of an elastic plate with symmetric piezoelectric actuators on the plate surfaces is derived. The equations are reduced to the case of elementary flexure without shear as a special case. The effects of the actuator thickness variation and material property variation on the actuation stress are examined using the equations obtained. It is shown that the distribution of the actuation stress depends on the thickness and material property variations of the actuators, and that actuators with varying thickness or varying material properties can be used to make modal actuators for producing a particular deformation or exciting a particular vibration mode.


Doubling its market share by 2025 is not only a vision for the public transport community but it is also essential for safeguarding quality of life in cities and delivering green growth. Quantified evidence shows that achieving PTx2 is critical to decoupling the growth of mobility in urban areas from the growth of its societal and environmental costs. The study compares the performance of urban transport in the years 2005 and 2025, distinguishing two scenarios for the latter, namely a "business-as-usual" scenario and a PTX2 scenario


Excitation functions of the reaction products were measured for the reactions induced by 4,6 He projectiles on 208,206 Pb targets, leading to the same compound nucleus. The excitation functions for the 2n evaporation channels were obtained at energies below the sub-Coulomb barrier region. A large value of the fusion cross section was observed in the case of the reaction induced by the weakly bound 6 He projectile. This reflects an unusual mechanism is present in reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei.


Information-embedded multi-converter shipboard power systems are comprised of multiple independently operated converters that work together with electromechanical equipment. Their relations can produce a large variety of dynamic and static interactions that can lead to irregular behavior of a converter, a group of converters or the whole system. This inherent cross-regulation behavior may correspond to controller limit violations, which results in harmful operational situations during system disturbances. It is significant then to monitor the system during perturbations; their underlying dynamics exhibit trajectories that not only depend on their independent operation modes. Appropriate modeling is a key issue to power system analysis and warrants primary investigation. This paper addresses aspects of modeling and simulation of multi-converter based shipboard power systems with the inclusion of power electronic equipment dynamics and network control in the overall system model. The model behavior is evaluated with respect to changes in loading conditions and control parameters (local and network) and validated through simulation of a nonlinear observability formulation of the developed system model.


relationships between tree radial growth of Picea crassifolia and climatic variables such as temperature,precipitation and PDSI were analyzed from established standard ring-width index series of Picea crassifolia at alpine timberline on the eastern slope of Helan Mountains.In the study area,tree radial growth was significantly positively correlated with precipitation in May(P0.05)and PDSI in every month selected except September(P0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with temperature in January,March and June(P 0.05).Analysis showed that tree radial growth was sensitive and consistent to climate near timberline.Not low temperature but drought was the major limiting factor to tree radial growth at alpine timberline.


With reference to the article by Patel,1 I would like to draw readers' attention to a proposal by Marcia Angell, who was later …


I argue that the use of photography in postmodern and postcolonial fiction functions firstly, by providing a powerful strategy for drawing attention to the creative and subjective ways in which both verbal and visual images are produced and presented and, secondly, by validating a verbal narrative's exploration of events as well as supplying a special access to events and experiences that may have been forgotten or unknown. Photography emerges as a unique vehicle for moving between past and present and for thinking photographically as the image of a fleeting moment in time and space is allowed to dissolve into a multitude of possible takes, conflating various viewpoints and space-times of the past, present and future.


The level of results in modern sport is so high that in order to achieve them, an athlete must have certain morphological data, a unique combination of a set of physical and mental abilities that are at an extremely high level of development. Such a combination even with the most favorable construction of long-term training and the availability of all necessary conditions is very rare. Therefore, one of the central problems in the systems and training of highly qualified athletes is the problem of sports selection and sports orientation of athletes. The problem of selection in sports in the world literature is covered quite widely, significant experimental data have been accumulated on the essential aspects characterizing the selection in certain sports. However, the issues of sports selection are among the insufficiently studied and continue to be the central problem of children's and youth sports. The methodological basis of the research at this time currently along with further experimental development of various aspects of selection and sports orientation, there is a growing need for theoretical analysis and generalization of materials of numerous studies, the creation of scientifically based programs for the selection of talented athletes at all stages of long-term training. Sports selection in aerobics is the process of searching for the most gifted people capable of achieving high results in a particular sport. Sports selection should solve the problem of identifying promising people from whom you can prepare outstanding athletes. Sports selection in aerobics is not a one-time event at one or another stage of sports improvement, but an almost continuous process covering the entire long-term training of an athlete. Even very high aptitudes testify to the natural giftedness of a person, serve only as a necessary basis for great abilities in sports. Real abilities can be revealed only in the process of training and education, and this is a consequence of a complex dialectical unity – innate and acquired, biological and social. Conclusions: scientific research of the problem of selection in sports aerobics have been conducted in the world since the 90s. The research was based on the basic provisions of professional selection. Before proceeding to the analysis the problem, it is necessary to understand the terminological base, which to this day has not found a generally accepted definition, it is quite diverse. Naturally, the situation that has developed on this issue, not only complicates the development of a general theory of sports orientation and selection, but also prevents those who, for practical considerations trying to understand the basic concepts, the content of the stages and varieties of selection.


Abstract In this study, we extend the concepts and fundamental results on statistical convergence from a single time scale to any product time scale. Various characterizations about these new notions are also obtained.


We have reported far-infrared transmission measurements on a c-axis-oriented superconducting ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ thin film in the frequency range $30--250 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ We found that these measurements were sensitive to the scattering rate $1/\ensuremath{\tau}$ and the superconducting gap 2\ensuremath{\Delta}. By fitting the experimental transmission spectra at 40 K and below, we obtained $1/\ensuremath{\tau}$ and $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ to be $(700--1000) {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and $42 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ respectively. These two quantities suggest that the ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ film belongs to the dirty limit.


Underwater warfare by Sonar is a key topic and major type of the oceanic acoustic information engagement.Underwater warfare simulation involving multi-targets and multi-sonars is an important way to research sonar performance in the complicated environment.Due to demands of the open frame and sophisticated feature,the simulation software was analyzed and designed by object-oriented class model.The procedure of the design relied on UML.The product of the design is well expansible and reusable.


The banking sector in Indonesia always continues to experience ups and downs. One of the factors that influence the decrease in banking performance is the increase in risk, such as market risk. This study aims to analyse how the market risk affects the financial performance of foreign exchange banks listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses a quantitative approach by taking secondary data from 39 foreign exchange banks' annual reports from 2009 to 2019. The result of this study shows that market risk has a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange banks' financial performance which measured by net interest margin. The result also shows that the other control variables such as dividend payout ratio, capital adequacy ratio, operating income to operating expenses, and return on asset positively significantly affect the net interest margin of foreign exchange banks in Indonesia.


Alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization include such programs as La Posada in San Francisco—a cost-effective model of crisis residential treatment that combines crisis intervention with therapy.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the agency concept in the modern social and linguistic sciences and to highlighting the core theoretical principles for this concept's application in the study of ritualized forms of communication on the material of English-language linguistic culture. The article envisages the contemporary philosophical, sociological, anthropological, semiotic, linguistic, pragmatic and communicative approaches to the study of agency, its de fi nition, the allocation of its components, types and expression levels. Compre-hensive study of ritualized forms of communication requires the development of theoretical foundations for in-depth analysis of agency in the formation and expression of the socio-communicative status of participants in such a communicative interaction, the establishment of linguistic and pragmatic features that characterize the correlations between them as well as elaboration of semiotic characteristics of the types and forms of ritualized performance, both in behavioral and in linguistic aspects.. The speci fi city of the ritualized forms of communication makes it particularly important to conduct a research of such aspects of agency in contemporary English-language communicative practices as correlations of intentionality / non-intentionality, animate / inanimate, agency levels, structural and semantic organization of the relationship between the agent / patient in communicative interaction as well as distribution and mediation properties.


Nowadays, there are many documents involved in cross-border trade transactions. A multitude of documents have to be inter-exchanged between two main categories of actors: businesses(B) and government authorities(G). However, one of the important problems is how to effectively control access to documents and securely share documents in the scenario of national G2G and certain B2G border procedures. In order to achieve fine-grained access control and secure sharing in crossborder trade transaction electronic platform, we present an attribute-based encryption(ABE) approach for trade document access and sharing using blockchain technology in this paper. In this approach, a user's private-key is associated with a set of attributes, a document ciphertext with an access policy over a defined universe of attributes stores to the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), and then the simple hash of IPFS files is kept on the blockchain. Through using smart contract in blockchain technology, the proposed mechanism of data access control and sharing can ensure the access control information is tamper-resistant, auditability and verifiability.


Seven HIV positive older gay men (aged 40 and above) were interviewed about their experiences, with a focus on their confrontation with issues of mortality. Data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis and are reported here as case studies. Participants spoke of multiple, major losses, primarily the loss of partners and friends to AIDS; some conceptualised the loss of friends as a loss of a collective history. Other losses included loss of employment, loss/abandonment of sexual relationships and loss of appearance-related self-esteem (due to lipodystrophy). Some men also referred to the difficulty of living with the unexpected additional life-span associated with anti-retroviral drugs


Nocardiosis is caused by Nocardia spp., which is a ubiquitous, aerobic, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast bacillus found in soil and water, and on vegetables. The predisposing factors for pulmonary nocardiosis include organ transplantation, malignancy, tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), alveolar proteinosis, alcohol abuse, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hematogenous dissemination to almost every organ system has been reported, especially to the central nervous system and the skin. Chest radiography shows varying changes, which present from mild infiltration to a single or multiple large cavitary mass. Pleural effusion or empyema is noted in about 50% of patients. The mortality rate is correlated with the immune status; it approaches 50% in those with central nervous system lesions, and is less than 10% in those with pulmonary disease only. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by solitary pulmonary nocardiosis has rarely been reported, thus we present and discuss in detail this unusual manifestation. A 61-year-old previously healthy man complained of fever with cough and shortness of breath lasting for 1 week. His chest radiography initially showed a mass in the right upper lobe and massive right side pleural effusion. Later, pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed by means of a culture of the material obtained from fine-needle aspiration. A relatively rare species, N. caviae (N. otitidiscaviarum), was isolated 3 weeks later. Localized pulmonary nocardiosis rapidly developed into septic shock with ARDS, with frequent attacks of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). After 4 weeks of intravenous imipenem and amikin, he was weaned from the mechanical ventilator. Antibiotics were then shifted to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 3 months. In a stable condition, the patient was transferred to a respiratory care ward for tracheostomy care.


Online Material: Table of station coordinates; preliminary seismicity catalog.

From Afar to the Malawi–Mozambique border, the East African Rift System (EARS; Fig. 1) is well described on the basis of geological and geophysical evidence (Ebinger et al. , 1987; Ring et al. , 1992; Simiyu and Keller, 1997; Chorowicz, 2005; Roberts et al. , 2012), seismicity (Nyblade and Langston, 1995; Yang and Chen, 2008, 2010; Kim et al. , 2009; Delvaux and Barth, 2010), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data (Fernandes et al. , 2004, 2013; Calais et al. , 2006; Stamps et al. , 2008; Saria et al. , 2013). However, its extent south of the Malawi rift is unclear. Various trajectories have been proposed: a split near Lake Tanganyika continuing southwest through the Okavango delta in Botswana (Scholz et al. , 1975); offshore through the Mozambique Channel (Mougenot et al. , 1986); through the Urema Rift in Central Mozambique (Ebinger et al. , 1987; Hartnady, 1990; Steinbruch, 2010); distributed between the Okavango rift and the offshore Davie Ridge (Grimison and Chen, 1988). The M w 7 Machaze earthquake (Fenton and Bommer, 2006; Yang and Chen, 2008; Raucoules et al. , 2010; Copley et al. , 2012) highlighted the importance of the Central Mozambique sector of the EARS.

Figure 1.
Project MOZAmbique Rift Tomography (MOZART) study area (white rectangle) in relation to the main surface features of the East African Rift System (EARS; dark gray; after Chorowicz, 2005 and Kinabo et al. , 2007).

Project MOZAmbique Rift Tomography (MOZART) set out to investigate the seismicity and the crustal structure of central Mozambique with four main goals:

1. to delineate the active structures of the EARS in this region;

2. to characterize the imprint left in the crust and upper …


Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare entity, in which eosinophilic infiltrates predominate the different layers of the gut [1], while producing symptoms [2]. We describe a case of EGE, confirmed by biopsy, in a 43-year-old man with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), treated with the purine analog pentostatin. Repeated administration of the drug resulted in peripheral blood eosinophilia and abdominal symptoms, which resolved following cessation of therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of EGE associated with pentostatin. A 43-year-old Caucasian male presented to our service in August 2007 with fatigue and pancytopenia for the last year. His past medical history was significant for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and hyperlipidemia. He had no known allergies. He had no hepatosplenomegaly. His complete blood count revealed a hemoglobin of 12.8 g/dL, hematocrit of 38%, platelets 73 000/mm, and a white blood cell count of 2470/mm with 30% granulocytes, 65% lymphocytes, and 4% monocytes. White blood cells in his peripheral blood smear were predominantly lymphocytes, with hairy projections around the entire circumference of the cell. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow showed a population of 1% and 13%, respectively, of abnormal B cells that stained positive for CD20, CD22, CD11c, CD25, and CD103 with kappa light chain restriction. Bone marrow biopsy showed 60–70% marrow replacement with hairy cell leukemia and moderate reticulin fibrosis [Figure 1(A) ]. A diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia was made and the patient was administered pentostatin, 4 mg/m IV, every 2 weeks, planned for a total of six cycles. He also received trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMZ) for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis and dolasetron for nausea. His peripheral blood (PB) eosinophil count began trending up after the third dose (Figure 2), and after the fifth dose of chemotherapy, the patient complained of abdominal pain and heartburn that did not respond to omeprazole. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) demonstrated a non-obstructing Schatzki ring in the distal esophagus and diffuse patchy erythema in the gastric body and antrum. Marked duodenitis was found in the duodenal bulb. Multiple biopsies were taken, which revealed eosinophilic infiltrates throughout the distal esophagus, the antrum, and body of the stomach and the distal duodenum [Figures 1(B) and 1(C)]. No Helicobacter pylori organisms or infiltration by leukemic cells was identified. These findings were consistent with eosinophilic gastritis. Chemotherapy was discontinued after the fourth cycle (eighth dose), since his hairy cell leukemia was in a complete remission. The peripheral blood eosinophilia as well as the gastrointestinal symptoms subsided within 2 weeks. TMP-SMZ was continued for an additional 2 months after the pentostatin was discontinued. The patient remains in complete remission, with a Karnofsky performance status of 100, with over 2 years of follow-up. Pentostatin and cladribine are purine nucleoside analogs which have been the mainstay of HCL treatment. Both have been shown to achieve equivalent


The "flashmob" is the result of the immediate appropriation of space by organized groups, literally means 'flash mob'. A collective action in a public place is given thanks to the social networks; where the large group of people involved disperses at the end immediately. The logic of its meaning is to create a spectacular view, from the appropriation of space as a street show. The notion of viewer-street event space explains and shows the vision of the viewer as a spectator model (PAVIS 1996 [2011]). The concept of model reader comes from Umberto ECO (1979 [1999]) with which it is possible to understand the strategy to build logic operations that give life to a show. The "spectacular view" shows the use of space and time, but is an important starting point for the semiotic analysis of complex phenomena present in the new forms of appropriation of traditional public spaces: squares, parks, shopping malls, airports, etc. For the analysis has been chosen the most important Street demonstrations at the time. They are capable of displaying a semiotic nature in order to explain their functioning.


The LAser RElativity Satellite (LASER) was launched in 2012 by ASI for studying general relativity. A new mission, LARES 2, will be launched in 2019/2020 on a higher orbit and using a different design of the optical payload. LARES is a target for Satellite Laser Ranging; the passive satellite carries 92 cube corner reflectors that allow to measure with high accuracy the position of the centre of mass of the satellite with respect to the ground stations. Aside from the principal scientific goal, the measurement of the relativistic frame-dragging effect, data from LARES (and in future, from LARES 2) are used also in other research related to the study of gravity, to space geodesy, and to Earth science. The accuracy of the laser ranging depends both on the characteristics of the ground station that is tracking the satellite, on the environmental conditions of the atmosphere during the pass of the satellite, and on the design of the target. Each laser ranging station provides the data collected for a particular satellite in a specific format, called Normal Points (NP) that are released daily. By comparing the quantity of NPs produced by a satellite, and the quality of those datasets, with the NPs produced by other satellites having a similar design (passive, spherical targets), it is possible to assess the quality of the optical design of that satellite. For its main scientific mission, the data of LARES are combined with the data of LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2 satellites, orbiting on much higher orbits and considered two benchmarks for laser ranging. The data of geodetic satellites such as LARES, LAGEOS, Stella and Starlette satellite are used by the scientific community for measurements of space geodesy, for the study of the effect of global climate changes on the rotation of the Earth, and for other research related to Earth science. The availability of high-quality targets for laser ranging will improve the accuracy of the results of the research in all the above scientific fields. In this paper the quality of the satellite laser ranging data from LARES is compared with the data of the LAGEOS satellites, with the data of the Stella/Starlette satellites (on lower orbits) and with the data of AJISAI (orbiting at a similar altitude). This information will provide important information for the design of the new LARES 2 satellite.


BEING INTOUCH withthe ordinary people of the Pittsburgh area was a joy to Father James R. Cox. Pastor ofSt. Patrick Roman Catholic Parish in the Strip District from 1923 to 1951, Father Cox liked to recall he had gone to St. Patrick's as the youngest pastor of the oldest parish in the diocese. By the time ofhis death, he had provided many more reasons for "Old St. Patrick's" to have a unique place in the history of Catholic life inPittsburgh. -7 The story of Father Cox provides a window on those Western Pennsylvanians who experienced life inan industrial city at midcentury. Their concerns were his. So were their daily interests and their life patterns. Yet written sources on Father Cox and his activities are sparse. Some 25 years ago Father John D. Petrarulo and Thomas H.Coode published a scholarly account, "The Odyssey ofPittsburgh's Father Cox," in this publication's predeces-


Analysis of the complex flow of liquid helium is not only challcnging but also an important task in order to evaluate the cryogenic stability of a superconducting magnet. For example, the multi phase turbulent flow is difficult to analyze by conventional numerical calculations based on Navier-Stokes equations. Therefore, the development of new calculation methods of complex flow is needed. In a previous paper [I], we investigated the cooling capability and the stability of superconducting magnets by analyzing the convection of liquid helium in the superconducting magnet. However, the bubble formations in liquid helium were not considered and only the sub~cooled regime was studied. In the present report, we consider the void formation of liquid helium and treat the combined model of bubble. formation and convection. In the calculation, we apply the lattice Boltzmann method which is suitable for the analysis of the complex heat transfer problems [2]. The analysis procedures simulating the convection by heat generation are described in the previous paper [I]. We analyzed the separation of liquid and gas of two immiscible components system by using Shen-Chen model [3] for multiphase fluid. Two kinds of particles are considered, particles I (helium molecules in the gas phase) and particles 2 (in the liquid phase). And the calculation field was discrete with a 2-dimensional hexagonal lattice with size of unit length I, and the velocity was also discrete. The effect of gravity was introduced into calculations by adding the particle density of the constant rate. The phase separation was realized by introducing the interaction between particle I and particle. Initial numerical densities of particle I and particle 2 are set to 0.2 and O.S per unity lattice point, respectively, and total density is unity.


Researchers traditionally have attributed the health-promoting affects of plant foods to their comprehensive array of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. More recently, however, research studies are uncovering a new story. Plant foods contain thousands of other compounds in addition to the macronutrients (complex carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and fiber), and the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). These many other compounds are collectively known as phytonutrients (phyto=plant). Simply put, phytonutrients are active compounds in plants that have been shown to provide benefit to humans when consumed. Particularly in the area of cancer prevention, phytonutrients show special promise for lowering the risk of health problems.


Light is an important environmental factor to impact laying hens' production performance and egg quality. Egg-type Beijing You chickens were used in this experiment to analyze and compare 28,38,48 weeks old egg-type Beijing You chickens' laying performance,eggs' external quality and internal quality among four different photoperiod programmes. The results showed that different photoperiods had no significant influence on egg shape index,eggshell rate,protein height and Hunt unit,but which had significant influence on laying rate,average egg weight,eggshell height,eggshell strength,egg yolk rate and so on (P0.05). With the segmental lights of 8L:4D:4L:8D,laying rate,average egg weight and egg yolk rate of chickens were the highest,which were separately 9.58%,1.61%,8.19% more than conventional 16 h continuous lights. Continuous lights' egg qualities were better than other lights condition,which should have the same hours of sunlight. In the segmental photoperiod programmes,8 h of light's egg quality were better than 12 h of light.


INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended routine preventive care across the country We sought to quantify the impact of the pandemic on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates and modalities utilized in a large academic health system We hypothesized a drop in utilization of invasive screening modalities and a compensatory rise in non-invasive screening modalities METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis in a large academic health system On 3/18/2020, all non-urgent elective endoscopic procedures were halted following recommendations from the United States Surgeon General We utilized electronic health record (EHR) data to identify all patients who completed a screening endoscopy (colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy), fecal im-munochemical test (FIT), computed tomography (CT) colonography, or stool DNA test during the cessation period (3/18/2020-5/4/2020) and during an equal time interval before the cessation (1/29/2020-3/17/2020) Our primary outcome was the total number of screening tests per day among primary care enrollees Secondary outcomes included utilization of each screening modality We used Student's t-tests to compare utilization rates before and after endoscopy cessation overall and for each modality RESULTS: In the period before COVID-19, the average screening rate was 64 1 ± 19 3 (Figure 1A), with colonoscopies (33 3 per day) and FIT (30 8 per day) comprising the majority of tests (Figure 1B) During the cessation period, the average daily screening rate declined to 12 1 ± 13 0 (Figure 2;P < 0 01) Colonoscopy saw the steepest decline (33 3 ± 11 2 to 0 2 ± 0 4 per day;P < 0 01) FIT use also declined significantly (30 8 ± 10 7 to 11 8 ± 12 9 per day;P < 0 01) but did begin to recover in later weeks of the cessation period (Figure 2) Colonoscopy and FIT made up 1 9% and 97 4% of tests, respectively, during the cessation period Use of flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, and stool DNA was sparse throughout the study period CONCLUSION: Utilization of CRC screening declined drastically in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, largely driven by a drop in invasive screening modalities We observed a concomitant increase in non-invasive screening modalities though not sufficient to compensate for the overall drop in screening This work highlights the impact of COVID-19 on preventive care and the need to promote non-invasive screening modalities until endoscopic capacity recovers


In this paper, we investigate the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to enhance the performance of filter expressions in Semantic Web databases. The filter operator is a central part of query evaluation. Its main objective is to reduce the amount of data as early as possible in order to reduce the calculation costs for succeeding and more complex operators such as join operators. Due to the proximity to the data source it is essential for the overall query performance that the filter operator is able to evaluate single data items as fast as possible. In this work, the advantages of using FPGAs in query evaluation are outlined and an overview about the provided degree of parallelism is given. We propose two different approaches to implement the filter operator for the Semantic Web database LUPOSDATE. The Fully-Parallel Filter evaluates all conditions by dividing the input into several sub-items which are evaluated by dedicated sub-filters in parallel. The second approach creates a pipeline of sub-filters to evaluate the filter expression step-by-step. If an item reaches the end of this pipeline then it complies the whole filter expression. The final evaluation shows that both approaches of the hardware-implemented filter operator defeat the comparable software solution written in C running at 2.66 GHz. Processing 100M items per second, the hardware-accelerated filter running at 200 MHz provides a more than 5 times higher throughput than the general-purpose CPU. In contrast to the software solution, the total throughput is independent of the match rate and the structure of the filter expression, and is a valuable contribution to the hardware-accelerated query evaluation.


In the present study, an efficient method for shoot regeneration and transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains in two different melon cultivars (Cucumis melo var. inodorus cv. 'Kirkagac 637' and Cucumis melo L., cv. Védrantais) have been developed. A. tumefaciens AGL1 race provide pUBINHX1 plasmid, resistant to salinity. Expression of AtNHX1 (Na-H antiporter) gene driven by CaMV 35S control in pUBINHX1 plasmid. In the structure of the plasmid hygromisin phospotransferase gene located as plant selection marker gene in T DNA region. The best regeneration result was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BAP and 0.5 μM NAA. DNA isolation, PCR and gel electrophoresis were done from putative transgenic plants, 200 bp band size was obtain. Regeneration of putative transgenic plants obtained from proximal and cotyledon explants showed differences in both cultivars.


The recent development of a competitive market for transit insurance provides an opportunity for small transit systems to achieve large savings in their insurance costs with a relatively small investment of time and resources to improve their insurance awareness and to develop an effective marketing strategy. Operating profiles, insurance expenditures, and accident rate information for 115 small transit systems are presented in order to provide a framework for a more detailed discussion of their insurance procurement procedures and overall risk management programs. Specific recommendations are developed on the basis of an analysis of insurance procurement procedures of the small systems and the carrier and agent service provided to them as well as a risk profile evaluation for them. The alternative of group purchase, including an effective implementation scheme, is also discussed. The results demonstrate that one group of six small transit systems in Maryland could have decreased their 1982 premiums for primary and excess liability coverage by $94,744--a decrease of 55 percent--if they had entered into a joint purchase program. A premium allocation scheme is presented, which meets fairness tests and assures all members that every member will attempt to maintain excellent safety and loss control programs.


Sport has been known as an effective method for carrying out social integration, forming a national identity and improving the global image. Sports in the modern era have been constructed as the capital of a country. Sport can be a method of domestic political imaging, and externally can be used as a means of diplomacy. In the Indonesian context, sports are used as soft power which is implemented into the Swaggering Strategy to form national image (nation branding). Related to the Swaggering Strategy, sports are used as one of the instruments for holding mega-events in an effort to show the capability of the country, in this case, Indonesia uses the implementation of the 2018 Asian Games as an effort to implement the Swaggering Strategy. At the end of this study, it was found that the implementation of the Asian Games was very effective in an effort to shape the country's image. Thus, Indonesia is expected to increase development in other sectors. The use of the 2018 Asian Games global scale sports event can also be used by Indonesia as a media for diplomacy by


A digital auscultation system based on auscultation audio spectrum analysis has been designed to provide quantitative evaluation of auscultation results. This auscultation system receives sound signals from human body organs using the embedded silicon microphone sensor first. After processed by the operational amplifier,the filter circuit and the analog to digital converter,the original analog signals are converted to digital ones and sent to the application specific integrated circuit module for further processing. The final device output the detailed and accurate auscultation audio spectrum for auxiliary diagnosis. The proposed digital auscultation system provides convenience for recording and analyzing the auscultation results.


The invention provides a tool for testing the flatness of solder balls. The tool comprises a printed circuit board and a bottom plate, wherein the printed circuit board is provided with a plurality ofbrackets, and each bracket comprises a bearing body and an elastic body which are used for being correspondingly contacted by solder balls of an element to be tested; one end of each elastic body isconnected with the bearing bodies, while the other end is fixed on the printed circuit board; a plurality of springs are arranged between the bottom plate and the printed circuit board, and the bottomplate is provided with a plurality of metal conductors which correspond to the brackets; the solder balls of the element to be tested are contacted with the bearing bodies so as to ensure that the bearing bodies are contacted with a circuit layer on the side face of the printed circuit board, and another circuit layer is contacted with the metal conductors of the bottom plate; and in addition, the circuit layers of the printed circuit board are connected with LED lamps in series. If the surface of a solder ball is not flat, a corresponding circuit cannot be conducted, and a corresponding LEDlamp is not lightened, thus substandard solder balls can be detected. The invention detects the flatness of the solder balls aiming at the element, has simplicity and rapidness and improves the testing efficiency.


With phytate Ca as the sole phosphorus source of selected medium, a extracellular phytase producing strain was screened from the ficuum. Liquid fermentation was studied and a best fermentation medium was obtained, starch 8%,glucose 2%, NaNO 3 1.0%, KH 2PO 4 0 01%,KCl 0.05%, MgSO 4 0.05%,FeSO 4 0.01% and initial pH 5.0. Inoculating amount 10%, filling liquid volume 10%, extracellular phytase production as much as 870.87 pu/mL fermentation liquid was obtained at 30℃ after 8 days. More 75% phytic acid of soybean was decomposed by the fermenting liquid at 30℃ for 90 min, and soluble protein content in treating liquid was increased from 0.167 mg/mL to 12.1 mg/mL.


The technique of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is famous for its robustness against frequency-selective fading channel. This technique has been widely used in many wired and wireless communication systems. In general, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT (IFFT) operations are used as the modulation/demodulation kernel in the OFDM systems, and the sizes of FFT/IFFT operations are varied in different applications of OFDM systems. In this paper, we design and implement a variable-length prototype FFT/IFFT processor to cover different specifications of OFDM applications. The cached-memory FFT architecture is our suggested VLSI system architecture to design the prototype FFT/IFFT processor for the consideration of low-power consumption. We also implement the twiddle factor butterfly processing element (PE) based on the coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm, which avoids the use of conventional multiplication-and-accumulation unit, but evaluates the trigonometric functions using only add-and-shift operations. Finally, we implement a variable-length prototype FFT/IFFT processor with TSMCm 1P4M CMOS technology. The simulations results show that the chip can perform (-)-point FFT/IFFT operations up to operating frequency which can meet the speed requirement of most OFDM standards such as WLAN, ADSL, VDSL (), DAB, and-mode DVB.


OBJECTIVE—To determine the effect of metformin on the acute metabolic response to sub-maximalexercise,theeffectofexerciseonplasmametforminconcentrations,andtheinteractionbetween metformin and exercise on the subsequent response to a standardized meal.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ten participants with type 2 diabetes wererecruited for this randomized crossover study. Metformin or placebo was given for 28 days,followedbythealternateconditionfor28days.Onthelast2daysofeachcondition,participantswere assessed during a nonexercise and a subsequent exercise day. Exercise took place in themorning and involved a total of 35 min performed at three different submaximal intensities.RESULTS—Metforminincreasedheartrateandplasmalactateduringexercise(bothP#0.01)but lowered respiratory exchange ratio (P = 0.03) without affecting total energy expenditure,whichsuggestsincreasedfatoxidation.Metforminplasmaconcentrationsweregreateratseveral,but not all, time points on the exercise day compared with the nonexercise day. The glycemicresponse to a standardized meal was reduced by metformin, but the reduction was attenuatedwhen exercise was added (metformin 3 exercise interaction, P = 0.05). Glucagon levels werehighest in the combined exercise and metformin condition.CONCLUSIONS—This study reveals several ways by which metformin and exercise thera-pies can affect each other. By increasing heart rate, metformin could lead to the prescription oflowerexerciseworkloads.Furthermore,underthetestedconditions,exerciseinterferedwiththeglucose-lowering effect of metformin.Diabetes Care 34:1469–1474, 2011


Within the last two decades, a vast knowledge gap has emerged between the generated volume of information and discovered novel knowledge in life-science. Accordingly to bridge this crucial gap, biological information has to be integrated and provided not only in a homogenous way, but also in the right context, which represents still a demanding knowledge management task. The objective of this thesis was the development of an integrative approach applicable for the life-science information space that allows a more efficient knowledge discovery. The generated solution follows a new paradigm for subject-centric knowledge representation, which is realized by applying both state-of-the-art technologies for dynamic information request and retrieval and also the semantic technology Topic Maps. The designed approach was implemented within the software framework GeKnowME (Generic Knowledge Modeling Environment), which supports scientists with powerful tools for exploration and navigation through correlated biological entities to accelerate the discovery process in a specific knowledge domain. The framework is generic enough to be applicable for a broad range of use cases. To illustrate the potential of the GeKnowME system, a sample use case called "Human Genetic Diseases" is introduced by integrating distributed resources containing relevant information. The emerged coherent information space is explored for novel insights.


Any enumeration requires first of all some definition of the unit to be included in the survey. Although it is gen erally agreed that middle schools are more than certain grades (or ages) placed together, the computing of such in formation at least provides the educator with criteria based on a stage of human development known as "transescence." Among middle school educators, this term is generally ac cepted to include ages 10 to 14—or the years in which the youngster begins to experience rapid development from childhood to adolescence.


Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Ultrafast laser technology has made it possible to achieve extremely high field intensities , above 10 18 W/cm 2 , or alternatively, light pulses with extremely short time durations corresponding to only a few femtoseconds (10 −15 s). In this high intensity regime, the laser field energy is comparable to the binding energy of an electron to an atom. One result of this highly non-perturbative atom-light interaction is the process of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). In HHG, the strong laser field first ionizes the atom. The subsequent motion of the free electron is controlled by the oscillating laser field, and the electron can reach kinetic energies many times that of the original binding energy to the atom. The high energy electron can then recollide with its parent ion, releasing a high energy photon. This process occurs for many atoms driven coherently by the same laser field, resulting in a coherent, laser-like beam of ultrafast light spanning the ultraviolet to soft X-ray regions of the spectrum. In this thesis, I will present two major breakthroughs in the field of high harmonic generation. First, I will discuss work on quasi-phase matching of high harmonic generation, which has allowed increased conversion efficiency of high harmonic light up to the water window region of the soft X-ray spectrum (∼ 300 eV) for the first time.[31] This spectral region is significant because at these photon energies, water is transparent while carbon strongly absorbs, making it a useful light source for very high resolution contrast microscopy on biological samples. Since the resolution is on order of the wavelength of the light (∼ 4 nm for 300 eV), detailed structures of cells and DNA can be viewed. A table-top source of light in the water window soft X-ray region would greatly benefit biological and medical research. Second, I will present work on the generation of very high harmonic orders from ions. This work is the first to show that harmonic emission from ions is of comparable efficiency to emission from neutral atoms thereby iv showing that high harmonic emission is not limited by the saturation intensity, or the intensity at which the medium is fully ionized, but can extend to much higher …


Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the WHO with a global mortality rate of about 3.4%. More recently the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 was emphasized as a potential cause for respiratory failure. Such pathophysiology has been investigated in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) including functional neuroimaging that demonstrates alterations to networks involved in central autonomic and respiratory control located in the brainstem. For risk stratification in these patients, one method may be heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring. Method: For a better understanding, we compare HRV monitoring in two cases; 1.) Twenty Holter ECGs of a boy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures up to his dead at the age of 10.5 years with special interest on an acute respiratory failure at the age of 5.4 years. 2.) Thirty one Holter ECGs of a 58-year old pediatric cardiologist who survived an infection with COVID-19. During his disease 24-hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) was performed continuously over 10 days. Moreover, 24-hour Holter ECGs from the last 10 years were available. The derived algorithm that depends on the global heart rate variability and circadian heart rate difference was proofed in 151 healthy children, 26 children with a fatal outcome or transplantation, 151 patients with operated congenital heart disease, 130 obese children and healthy adult data from literature. Results: In both cases we observe a decline of the global heart rate variability SDNN together with a loss of the circadian heart rate difference. The derived algorithm differentiate healthy children from children with a fatal outcome. The algorithm identify 7.3% of 151 patients with operated congenital heart disease and 5.4% of children with obesity as candidates for COVID-19 complications. Conclusions: A sudden decline of HRV together with a loss of the circadian heart rate difference may indicate a life-threatening complication in critical illness.


The objective of this study is to develop a robot behavioural model that includes non-verbal vocal information to produce behaviour that fits user expectation better. Our approach is to train the behavioural model using data representing humanhuman interaction during collaboration. The data, voice and user control inputs, are gathered during a game where players collaborate to navigate a character through a path. This paper presents the details of the approach undertaken to the data collection procedure as well as preliminary analysis of the data.


cepts sometimes need to be viewed apart from this pragmatism. Krausz's work is as much a demythologization as it is a reconstruction. Great care is taken to defend Lenin from a broad spectrum of criticism, pivoting between countless debates. This causes the author to sometimes take on an apologetic tone, although he occasionally also posits Lenin's "mistakes." The work is thus theoretical as well as biographical. It is a welcome contribution to the histories of socialism, of Russia, and of political theory. With the modern radical left lacking new ideas that mobilize broad support, a reexamination of the first experiment with Marxist theory is likely a good restarting point. There are numerous developments which Lenin perceived earlier than his peers: globalization, war as imperialism, and the potential of the Soviet system to become a colonizer of its incorporated territories. On this latter point, the author describes Lenin's belief in a confederated system of republics that would maintain autonomy in cultural, economic and language issues. Krausz also cites Lenin's pre-October 1917 idea of cooperative socialism as potentially beneficial today. The work thus has many points of relevance to the debates of our time.


IN RECENT YEARS, numerous reports have appeared in the literature on the use of diagnostic paracentesis, particularly in cases of abdominal trauma and acute disease requiring surgery. In these reports, complication rates have been low and the use of this technique has been strongly advocated. Recently, we have encountered a patient in whom an erroneous diagnosis was made due to an abdominal paracentesis. It is our purpose to alert physicians to an error in technique that may lead to a false diagnosis and subsequent unnecessary laparotomy. Report of a Case A 20-year-old white man (BMHC 365880) was admitted four hours after being involved in an automobile accident during which he was thrown against the steering wheel of his car. He had lost consciousness for approximately two minutes. Following the accident, the patient developed pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant and right anterior parts of the chest. He vomited once


The effects of molecular structures of ABS fabricated under a severe molding condition on rubber particle agglomeration and molded specular gloss were studied. An agglomeration index (NP) obtained by measuring particle size was used to determine the degree of rubber particle agglomeration. It was found that as graft level decreased, agglomeration increased. The rubber particle agglomeration also increased when graft molecular weight was increased. Lowering the particle size also led to a higher degree of agglomeration. Furthermore, increasing the compositional acrylonitrile mismatch between the grafted and matrix styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers increased the rubber particle agglomeration. Molecular structures that increased rubber particle agglomeration decreased the molded gloss. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Metabolic flux quantification in plants is instrumental in the detailed understanding of metabolism but is difficult to perform on a systemic level. Toward this aim, we report the development and application of a computer-aided metabolic flux analysis tool that enables the concurrent evaluation of fluxes in several primary metabolic pathways. Labeling experiments were performed by feeding a mixture of U-13C Suc, naturally abundant Suc, and Gln to developing soybean (Glycine max) embryos. Two-dimensional [13C, 1H] NMR spectra of seed storage protein and starch hydrolysates were acquired and yielded a labeling data set consisting of 155 13C isotopomer abundances. We developed a computer program to automatically calculate fluxes from this data. This program accepts a user-defined metabolic network model and incorporates recent mathematical advances toward accurate and efficient flux evaluation. Fluxes were calculated and statistical analysis was performed to obtain sds. A high flux was found through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (19.99 ± 4.39 μmol d−1 cotyledon−1, or 104.2 carbon mol ± 23.0 carbon mol per 100 carbon mol of Suc uptake). Separate transketolase and transaldolase fluxes could be distinguished in the plastid and the cytosol, and those in the plastid were found to be at least 6-fold higher. The backflux from triose to hexose phosphate was also found to be substantial in the plastid (21.72 ± 5.00 μmol d−1 cotyledon−1, or 113.2 carbon mol ±26.0 carbon mol per 100 carbon mol of Suc uptake). Forward and backward directions of anaplerotic fluxes could be distinguished. The glyoxylate shunt flux was found to be negligible. Such a generic flux analysis tool can serve as a quantitative tool for metabolic studies and phenotype comparisons and can be extended to other plant systems.


Low levels of resistance were detected among more than 4,000 accessions of dry beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., exposed to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman). Although significant differences were found among the accessions for all of the parameters of resistance measured, most consistent separation among cultivars was obtained by using developmental time and weight of adult progeny. Expression of resistance was maintained when the number of bean seeds per adult was varied; however, the standard method used (seven pairs of adults infesting 50 seeds) was the best infestation level to detect varietal differences in resistance. Successive rearing for five generations on resistant or susceptible classified entries did not change resistance expression or reduce reproduction of Z. subfasciatus on resistant lines. Resistance levels were too low to be of economic value.


In this study, an automated analysis of pulmonary ventilation (AAPV) was developed to visualize the ventilation in pediatric lungs using dynamic Xe-133 scintigraphy. AAPV is a software algorithm that converts a dynamic series of Xe- 133 images into four functional images: equilibrium, washout halftime, residual, and clearance rate by analyzing pixelbased activity. Compared to conventional methods of calculating global or regional ventilation parameters, AAPV provides a visual representation of pulmonary ventilation functions.


Summary 1. Since no convincing evidence exists that the action of oxytocin in maintaining mammary secretion in postpartum rats after litter removal is due to prolactin release, attempts were made to determine whether its effects were exerted directly on the mammary gland. After maintaining milk secretion in 25 such rats for 5 or 9 days by daily injections of prolactin or twice-daily injections of oxytocin, a mammary biopsy was taken from each rat. They were then given an intraperitoneal injection of 2 IU oxytocin or physiological saline, and 10 minutes later all except 5 rats were killed and the remainder of the previously biopsied mammary gland was removed. Mammary biopsies from the remaining 5 rats were taken after 10 minutes and also 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours later. 2. Histological examination revealed that prior to intraperitoneal oxytocin administration, most mammary alveoli contained considerable secretion and the ducts were relatively thin, whereas 10 minutes after oxytocin the alveoli appeared shrunken or collapsed with little or no secretion, and the ducts were widely distended with milk. No notable increase in alveolar filling followed until the 8th hour after oxytocin injection. Saline had no effect on mammary alveoli and they remained filled with secretion. 3. Ejection of milk from the alveoli into larger ducts by oxytocin is believed to remove the pressure on epithelial cells which secrete milk and on blood capillaries surrounding them, permitting synthesis of more milk by circulating prolactin and other hormones. Milk ejected into ducts is believed to be gradually reabsorbed into the circulation, and some may flow back into the alveoli. These local effects of oxytocin on the mammary gland are believed to account for its ability to maintain mammary secretion in postpartum rats after litter removal.


A technique for the semi-automatic detection of cell and nuclear contours in cytological specimens is presented. Gray level images are viewed as stacked binary bit plane images with each bit plane image representing the effect of thresholding the gray level image with multiple gray level windows. A binary morphological edge detector is employed to identify edges on selected bit planes. A simple contour tracking algorithm is used to identify the most likely cell and nuclear contours which are presented to the user for verification.


Prerequisites for the present study are the emergence and development of new forms of business cooperation in the process of digitalization of society in the form of digital platforms. In scaling digital solutions when entering new markets of relevance is the issue of preserving the balance of the platform interactions system. In view of the complexity of such systems due to the variety of objects and forms of platform interaction, the goal of the study is to develop tools for determining the degree of balance of the platform interactions system in scaling the end-to-end monitoring process for the priority sectors of the economy in the form of mathematical models. The employed research methods include analysis, the parametric method, modeling, and methods of value engineering. The study proposes to consider the presence of a synergistic effect in the assessment of the balance of the system of platform interactions in scaling the end-to-end monitoring process for the priority sectors of the economy. The effect of types of end-to-end monitoring processes on the value of the synergistic effect is considered and a mathematical model for its calculation is proposed. To make informed decisions when scaling digital platforms to other priority sectors of the economy, a mathematical model for determining the imbalance zones of platform interaction is proposed. Considering the performance of the end-to-end monitoring process when scaling digital platforms to determine the flexibility factor, a mathematical model for calculating the design efficiency indicator is offered.


PURPOSE: A thickness-reduction steel beam and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve molding efficiency by preventing the loss of materials and easily transform the flanges according to the shape of a deck plate and concrete to which the steel beam is connected. CONSTITUTION: A thickness-reduction steel beam(100) comprises a web body(110) and a flange part(120). The web body is located in the center of the steel beam and embedded in concrete. The flange part comprises an upper flange(121), a lower flange(122), and extension pieces. The upper flange is attached to the top of the web body. The lower flange is attached to the bottom of the web body. The extension pieces are integrally projected upward from both ends of the width of the lower flange to the top.


The arithmetic operations in finite fields and their implementation are important to the construction of error detecting and correcting codes. The addition, multiplication and division in the field GF(2m) are implemented as polynomial operations using binary logic of flip-flops and EXOR's. For fields of non-binary characteristic, modular arithmetic (with modulus p, a prime) becomes important. This paper focuses on problems relating to the arithmetic of GF(p), and some recent results and new ideas on this topic are presented here.


Abstract
 Domestic violence is truly a complex issue in terms of defining it – no single definition can be found, in terms of understanding its causality ,some view it as a gender issue, others perceived it a socio-political issue, many consider it a criminal issue, and others treat it a psycho-social issue, in terms of its impact , its magnitude, effect and impact are far reaching and may last for a life time, in terms of its dynamics, its victims and perpetrators come from all demographic groups, and in terms of the effective intervention, they tend to focus on victimization when what could stop domestic violence is no other than the perpetrator. This study explores ways to better understand how and why gender matters pertaining to curricula approaches used to foster positive behavior change in dealing with domestic violence issues. The study explores gender similarities' and differences in learning and pursues exploring any unique aspects to gender that might present itself as important when dealing with batterer intervention education and behavior change training curricula. Determining what works and building programs around these findings is of high relevance to help stop domestic violence.


Polymerizable compositions containing at least one hydroxy-alkyl acrylamide having the formula (I) in the X is a C R m, n are independently 0, 1 or 2, with m + n = 2, and R wherein for n = 2, the two radicals R


Additive Manufacturing (AM), a key component of Industry 4.0 is recently gaining more and more popularity in the major industrial sectors. Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) is a subcategory of AM technology. It employs the principle of solid-state based friction stir welding method to fabricate multi-layered builds by joining layer upon layer sheets of metal. The metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques has the potential to fabricate complex parts making it a viable choice for automobile, aviation and marine industries. However, achieving higher structural performance using the fusion based MAM approaches has a number of drawbacks owing to solid-liquid phase transitions. FSAM has proved to overcome these flaws and fabricate defect-free components with excellent mechanical and structural properties. Based on the available data, an overview of the FSAM processes, materials and process parameters is reviewed in depth in this article. Mechanical attributes such as tensile strength, microhardness and refinement of grain are summarized in comparison to their base materials. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical investigation of the timeline and the advancements in the field of FSAM. Moreover, the challenges and the future scope of this ingenious process are conferred in terms of its applicability in the numerous domains of engineering.


A dynamic optical system imaging, comprising: a catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end insertable into a living body and being configured for optical imaging of a body tissue comprising: an elongated tubular member comprising an opening for introducing a fluid into body tissue; and an inner core configured to slide within the elongated member; a control system configured to rotate the inner core within the elongated member by radially around a central axis and configured to move the radially inner core along the central axis; a light source optically coupled with the inner core and configured to generate a broadband pulse light; an interferometric forming optically coupled with the light source and the inner core and configured to split the light pulse into a tissue pulse and a reference pulse, wherein the inner core is configured to direct the tissue pulse images optical system to body tissue, the system imaging comprising: a mixer configured to mix a tissue pulse reflected from the body tissue with the reference pulse and output a light wave corresponding to a temporal duration of the reference pulse and a spatial profile of the reflected tissue imposed; and an imaging comprising a plurality of light detectors configured to detect the light wave.


Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition, by S. Jarvis and A. Pavlenko, New York, Routledge, 2008, 304 pp., US$95.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8058-3885-5; US$39.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-...


Syllabus of the course "Methodology of Research in Education" traning PhD in education on research metodology in specialty 13.00.04 - theory and methods of professional education is a normative document Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University.The program was developed based on education and research training programs for PhD according to the curriculum. The program aims to train future doctors Ph.D in education to research activities, development of necessary competencies for such activities, mastering the methodology of research in the field of education.


The stability, transient response, and stability robustness of discrete-time repetitive control systems characterized by large values of the time delay inherent in such systems are examined here using a function of frequency termed the regeneration spectrum. The ability to infer different aspects of controlled system performance from the regeneration spectrum, and its ease of computation, makes it a valuable tool for controller analysis and synthesis. A design procedure for discrete-time repetitive control systems, based on the regeneration spectrum, is outlined and a controller form suggested to effectively handle the trade-off between the different aspects of controlled system behavior. The controller design procedure is applied to an electrohydraulic material testing application characterized by strong nonlinearities, and shown experimentally to be effective in improving the controlled system performance.


Ni-Pd, and Ni-Pd supported on zirconia (Ni-Pd/ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the co-precipitation method. The morphological study illustrated that the Ni-Pd NPs were well deposited in a dispersed form on the surface of ZrO2 having a size below 100 nm. The formation of Ni-Pd was also confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microwave-assisted (MW) catalytic degradation of the Acid Orange-8 (AO-8) was carried out at various parameters, that is, microwave intensity, dye concentrations and catalyst dose. Hydrogen peroxide was used as a precursor of hydroxyl radical. The optimized conditions for MW catalytic degradation of AO-8 (maximum; 98.8%) in the presence of H2O2 were set as microwave (500 W), concentration (0.0001 M) and catalyst (0.05 g). The degradation was monitored by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer at regular intervals of time. The study revealed the industrial scale applicability of the catalysts for colored wastewater treatment.


Sliver catalysts had been widely applied in ethylene oxide industry for their excellent selectivity,acivility and thermal stability.The applications of sliver catalysts in ethylene epoxidation reaction were reviewed from preparation of catalyst and development of vector two aspects.


Abstract The organization of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system originating from the terminal nerve (TN) neuron in the olfactory bulb was examined immunohistochemically by tracing the changes in the distribution of salmon type (sGnRH) and chicken-II type (cGnRH-II) GnRH fibers after olfactory tract section (OTX) in the female goldfish. Following OTX, which blocks the axonal transport of GnRH from the TN to other brain regions, the density of sGnRH-ir fibers in various brain regions decreased from 7 days to 28 days, with the exception of rather restricted areas surrounding cell bodies in the ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, and hypothalamus. The density of cGnRH-II-ir fibers decreased only in the telencephalon from 7 days to 14 days. In spite of the decrease of GnRH-ir fibers in several brain areas, neither type of GnRH fibers showed marked changes in the pituitary gland during the experiment. These results indicate that the TN GnRH system project fibers to wide brain areas and that most of sGnRH and some of the cGnRH-II-ir fibers in the brain of goldfish are TN origin. Furthermore, the GnRH system that project fibers to the pituitary does not primarily originate from the TN-GnRH system.


Mastering the relationship between the final mechanical properties of carbon black reinforced rubber blends and their composition is a key advantage for an efficient design of the composition of the blend. In this work, some models to predict three relevant physical attributes of rubber blends — modulus at 100% deformation, Shore A hardness, and tensile strength — are built by machine learning methods and subsequently evaluated. Linear regression, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, and regression trees are used to generate the models. The number of used samples and the values for the input variables is determined by a Taguchi design of experiments, and prior to the modeling the uncertainty of the experimental data was analyzed.


The development of financial technology has changed the financial format and reshaped the financial pattern,at the same time, it also brings a series of risks of traditional finance and technology finance, the importance and urgency of financial technology risk monitoring, early warning and prevention and control is particularly prominent and important. In order to guide and promote the sound operation of financial technology in "integrity, safety, inclusive and open", it is necessary to comprehensively and deeply analyze the types and causes of financial technology risks, building a comprehensive and effective financial risk prevention and control system under the co governance of the whole society.


In vivo antioxidative activity assays against reactive oxygen species generated in mitochondria, together with in vitro two radical-scavenging assays, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical calculations of ionization potentials (IP), were carried out for eleven food factors. Lycopene, with the smallest IP value, showed the highest anti-apoptotic activity.


One of the main physiological systems mediating adaptation to stressful stimuli is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Negative feedback control through glucocorticoids (GCs) is an important mechanism to restore homeostasis after HPA axis activation. GCs act via two receptor types, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). While MRs have been shown to regulate basal and circadian GC levels, GRs play a modulatory role in stressful situations, both acute and chronic. However, the contribution of different physiological subregions in negative feedback control is largely unknown. In this study we investigate the role of negative feedback via GCs on the level of the pituitary by utilizing pituitary-specific conditional GR knockout mice. Following 3 weeks of chronic social defeat, we observed an increase in anxiety-related behavior as well as elevated basal corticosterone levels in control mice. Mice with a GR deficiency in the pituitary show a diminished reaction to chronic stress as indicated by reduced corticosterone levels both basal and after acute stress. These findings are supported by behavioral data that showed decreased anxiety-like behaviour in knockouts compared to controls. In conclusion, we suggest that a lack of pituitary GRs results in a protective effect towards neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of chronic stress. We hypothesize that this might be due to alterations in postnatal development of GR knockout mice.


In numerous Industrial setups such as Power Plants, Steel Plants, Food Processing, etc., a considerable amount of waste heat is available which goes into the environment to contribute to Global Warming and Thermal Pollution. In this research investigation Heat Recovery from Gas Power Cycle (GPC) exhaust has been objectified to operate Ejector Refrigeration Cycle (ERC) through the superconductor of heat i.e., Loop Heat Pipes (LHP). In LHP fluids like Acetone, Ethanol, Methanol & Water, and in ERC new eco-friendly refrigerants such as R236ea, R1224yd (Z), R1233zd (E), R245fa, R365mfc along with R718 have been selected for study as the working fluids. Results obtained from the software-based mathematical modeling have been presented and an assessment of this novel system for industrial viability has been done. It has been observed that the boiler temperature of ERC can be maintained near or above the critical temperature of the Eco-friendly refrigerants working fluids. COP & refrigeration capacity of the combined system has been obtained in the range of 0.25-0.28 and 10.35kW-315kW respectively for various combinations of fluids. Based on the eco-friendliness, compactness & industrial viability the system with Water (LHP)-R1224yd (Z) (ERC) has been recommended as the mass flow required for working fluids is the least & utilization of Heat Input Available to ERC is maximum for the operations.


One of the main resources of the health care system is medical staff, the quantity and quality of which is the key to ensuring the availability, quality and efficiency of medical care, even with 100% provision of medical equipment.
The purpose of the study: analysis of the impact of the level of training of primary care physicians on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system on the quality of medical care for adults (on the example of Zaporozhye region).
Material and methods. An analysis of the health of the adult population of Zaporozhye region in connection with diseases of the circulatory system, the use of medical equipment in accordance with the standards of medical care for patients with circulatory diseases and to stratify their risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle by adults.
Results. The results of the survey showed low activity of health workers in preventive work among the adult population, which is confirmed not only by their insufficient use of material and technical equipment in accordance with the standards of medical care for patients with circulatory system diseases and for stratification of their risk. 10-20 minutes (82.2 ± 3.72%), 17.2 ± 7.01% of the adult population we surveyed consulted their family doctor for prevention, and the leading source of information for knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in the population is Internet (62.1 ± 9.01% of respondents).
Insufficient preventive work by health workers among the adult population on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lack of theoretical knowledge and imperfection of practical skills, which requires constant improvement.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, gaps in the knowledge of health professionals were identified, on the basis of which a one-day training program on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system was developed, which proved to be effective.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this clinical epidemiologic study was to determine the additional yield of bitewing radiographs compared to clinical examinations in the estimation of proximal caries in primary molars.

METHODS
Clinical data (N = 238) of 5- to 6-year-old children were collected by a calibrated examiner, and digital bitewing radiographs were taken after obtaining informed written consent from the parents. The radiographic examination of proximal surfaces was based on criteria derived from the clinical protocol. A single calibrated examiner recorded the data, and intra-examiner agreement was assessed using kappa statistics. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Chi-square test.

RESULTS
Kappa values for intra-examiner agreement were 0.91 and 0.89 for clinical and radiographic examinations, respectively. Based on clinical judgment alone, the number of carious proximal surfaces was 62.7% (632 surfaces) in males and 58.9% (528 surfaces) in females. When bitewing radiographic judgment was included, this number increased to 80.6% (812 surfaces) in males and 71.9% (644 surfaces) in females.

CONCLUSIONS
The overall value of bitewing radiographs in the present study was 18% and 13% in males and females, respectively. The benefits of digital bitewing radiographs can be used in epidemiologic studies and clinical practice to avoid underestimation of proximal caries.


Legacy congestion controls including TCP and its variants are known to perform poorly over cellular networks due to highly variable capacities over short time scales, self-inflicted packet delays, ...


to t1eb coui-se for an 3I.B. dt-gree Are too fe^w to adinit of a comsplete iiiastebry of tleX scoreX of '. kubjecets " wliieli are nows regardedl as esseiitial to it. Some aiiiouiit of give andl take, s;oine ba<lajie(_z of tlle contlictiiig elaiiiis of a number of equlally ilnportalnt, branceles of science, mtist b9e looke-d on as ani uni avoid-ItbleX n<ecessity. BJut thl eiai e certain (lepartmients of the curricul Uml whlichl a(Imit of iio coniproiiiise, wliose claiiiis caiinot COI1sistenltly witll tlle public interest be satisfieXd otliebrwiseX t}lan ill flill. Tllere is an irreducible miiiniluiii of praetical e l illical knlowle dge wlhieli is indispeiisable for every qual ified medieal practitioner to possess, unless lie is to be, a source of d1nicer ratlier than of suecour to his patients, an(I evenl this minimuiii foriiis I-In aggregate of knowledge wliie}l requires no siniall allowanee of tiiiie adeqluately to aeqliire. Evrery iiiedieal iiian, it will b)e concedeXd, iiiust be trained witli a view to general practice, howeXver lie iiiay specialise subsequeiitly. O;f lwhat utility in general practice could be a aradluate, liowever qualifiedl in otlier respects, wlho is not fiiililiar, for exaiiiple, ivitli the diag-nosis and treatnlient of fractures alli(I dlislocations, wlio cannot pass a catlieter, perfor'iii ti-aclieotoiiiy, Or -Ilidliiste'r anIlestlicties, wlio iS not cJoiiipetent to deal witli a coinplicatedI iiiidwifery case, or is not quick to recognise tlle manifestatioiis of typhoidl or exantliematous fevers ? WVhen, too, we reflect, thalt oiie-fiftli of t}le adullt de?atlhs in this country are due to pulmonary tube'rele, tllat pulmonary tubercle is a tractable disease if attacked in its earliest stages, and tllat its onset may often be reeognised by ear and fiDger, even before bacillary evidence is available, is it possible to exaggerate the importance of acquirinig a Iiigli degree of competence in tlle rtrtes: lons/Ne of auscultation and percussion ? AXVe not only admit, but would urge, that tlle fabric of clinical skill should be built on a solid foundation of anatomy, pbysiology, and patliology. WVe fully allow that for tlle comprelienlsion of these sciences a l;nowledge of pbysics, chlemistry, and biologry i's necessary, but we wrould at the same time urge that the profoundest knowledge of pliysical science cannot compensate for ignorance on any one of the points we liave iiamed or many similar. We wish the modern student to receive tlle vrery best training in the contributory sciences that tlle conditions of the case admit of, but essentials must needs be first met. Tlle student must not be allowred propterscientia)n scieii(li percZle R l causas. Tllose who sliare our sense of the weiglity importance tot be att"elied to tlle place of practical medicine and surgery in a medical currieulum will scrutinis£e witli anxious care the constitution of the proposed newr University, into wliose liands, if it is founded, tlle guidanee of the medical education of the metropolis will be virtually committed. Tlle Academic Couneil to wliich it is proposed to convey, wit}liin the limits of general statutes and ordinances, tlle allimpoi-tant functions of framing currieula of study and requirements of examination for degrees, medical among tlle rest, is designed to be a compact body of fifteen teacliers (in addition to the Vtice-Chancellor as chairman), elected in varying proportions by the faculties or bodies of recognised teachers of the University. To t}1is Council the direction of the degree-conferring functions of the University is in effect given. Of the fifteen members, science and art tougetlier are to command an actual majority-four repreEeiitatives vacli. Tlle faculty of medicine is to elect three. SATURDAY, MIARCH I 10THn 1894.


Polonium is formed in relatively large quantities in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled nuclear systems. Because of its radiotoxicity and volatility, a good understanding of the chemical equilibria governing polonium release from LBE is required. In this work, a set of thermochemical data is derived for the chemical species involved in the equilibrium between a solution of polonium in LBE and its vapor in inert conditions. The data were obtained by matching thermochemical models with experimental vapor pressure measurements and ab initio results. The dilute-limit activity coefficient of dissolved polonium in LBE is estimated, as well as the solubility of solid lead polonide in LBE. The results indicate that polonium evaporates from LBE according to the experimentally determined Henry's law, up to dissolved polonium concentrations well above that expected in LBE cooled nuclear systems.