Biological invasion has become a serious ecological and economic concern in the international community as well as in China. Invasive exotic plants have caused vast damage to the biodiversity and the economy in China. Classical biological control of weed aims to suppress and achieve long term regulation of weed populations by introducing host-specific natural enemies from the native range of the weed. It is a self-sustainable and self-regulating management approach widely used in the world, while being systematically explored in China since the 1980's. This paper reviews the current status, main challenges and prospect of classical biological control of weeds in the world, highlighting some important and successful cases, and discusses the priorities, recent development and successes, and main challenges in China. More than 70 countries have developed weed biological control programs. The U.S.A., Australia, South Africa, Canada and New Zealand have actively been using more agent species against target weeds than the other countries. There have been at least 63 families 369 species of invertebrates and fungi utilized against 133 species of target weeds belonging mainly to the plant families of Astereae, Cactaceae and Mimosaceae. One case reviewed in the paper has demonstrated to be successful for more than 100 years in biological control of weed history. And more successful cases are recognized as examples in controlling exotic weeds by classical biological control, such as Opuntia inermis O. stricta, Hypericum perforatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Salvinia molesta, Hydrilla verticilla, Chondrilla juncea etc.. Biological control of Eichhornia crassipes remains the most difficult and important program in the world.Classical biological control of weeds began to be systematically studied and practiced since the mid 1980's in China, although there had been attempts and even community campaigns of using fungus as bioherbicides in the 1960's. So far, 14 species of biocontrol agents have been introduced to control 4 species of target weeds, viz. Eupatorium adenophorum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ambrosia spp. and Eichhornia crassipes. The introduction of Agasicles hygrophila from USDA to control Alternanthera philoxeroides has been by far the most successful in China. Through collaboration with USA and Canada by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23 species of insects and fungi were found in China and exported to North America for the control of Euphorbia esula, Tamarix spp., Cirsium arvense, Myriophyllum spicatum,Hydrilla verticillata,Trapa natans, Polygonum perfoliatum. Introducing Agasicles hygrophila to control Alternanthera philoxeroides is by far the most successful case in China. Classical biological control as a promising approach for the long-term control of invasive exotic weeds is faced with many challenges in China, such as the development of the science, research in host specificity testing, biosafety issues, funding for the long-term programs, just to name a few. With its rich and unique biodiversity, China needs to develop and implement a sound management system to conserve and protect the biodiversity. Classical biological control against invasive exotic weeds will, if given a priority and support, play a promising and important role in the protection and utilization of the biodiversity.


This paper presents a step-up zeta converter with wide-range control of input variation voltage using fuzzy logic. A wide range of converter control is commonly applied as part of the Energy Management System (EMS) to provide a constant output voltage. In this paper, a Photovoltaic (PV) represents a high variation of the voltage source. To overcome the fluctuating PV output voltage, a zeta-type DC-DC converter is used to keep it constant at a value of 24V DC. Zeta converters have lower output voltage ripple and relatively higher efficiency than other types of DC-DC converters. The results show that Zeta Converter can increase the output voltage to 24V with a minimum input voltage of 17V, with an average efficiency of 85.83% in simulation and 71.9% during implementation. The fuzzy algorithm can keep the output voltage constant at 24V with various input voltages.


The article raises the problem of the compliance of the education system with the requirements of the new time, since this system continues to rely on the knowledge paradigm, ignoring the fact that in an oversaturated information environment, knowledge quickly depreciates and becomes irrelevant. The author comes to the conclusion that a person will quickly adapt to new realities if the education system does not focus on obtaining readymade knowledge, but on developing the ability to independently acquire the necessary knowledge, critically assess it and generate, on this basis, new ideas for effectively solving life problems. To reach the goal a hermeneutic approach should be used in the process of studying the humanities. In the research, the author reveals the educational potential of hermeneutics, the essence of which is to activate the cognitive process, develop the skills of productive work with different sources of information. In the article, the author describes the basic principles of working with text, which allow a deeper assimilation of the material, which opens up prospects for further research — to develop and test an understanding technique that can be used to study verbal texts.


This paper investigates the socio-political implications of Quranic translations in the formation of a new public discourse in post-revolution Iran. The case study is of Quranic verse 4:34, which deals with the social and familial status of men and women. By juxtaposing three translations (by a hardline conservative Islamist, a Muslim feminist and a modern Islamist), the paper provides a hermeneutical analysis of the assumptions each translator brings into play when trying to reconcile the question of modern women's rights with the scripture. The study suggests that reformist translations of the Quran might be seen as part of the more general religious reform movement, translating the requirements of modern civil society into a religious discourse.


The study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 2-decyl-4-quinazolinyl amine exon2 (DQA2 exon2) gene among the Egyptian goat populations from different agro-climatic areas. Data of diseases distribution as well as blood samples were collected. The data collected for diseases distribution showed differences in the types of diseases between the agro-climatic areas. The Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism technique (SSCP) was used to assess the genetic diversity of DQA2 exon2 gene among the goat populations. The results showed that the DQA2 exon2 gene locus displayed 21 alleles with different frequencies in each of goat population. The gene diversity values among the populations ranged from 0.950± 0.022 to 0.887± 0.033. The difference between the most southern population (Aswan) and the remaining populations translate to significant (P< 0.05) differentiation for only one population pair (Aswan – Baladi, with FST= 0.055; P= 0.001). Scrutiny of allele composition in these two goat populations showed unique alleles in each population (six in Aswan and four in Baladi). The results of the study suggested that the allelic numbers and allelic composition for the DQA2 exon2 gene among the Egyptian goat populations showed diversity in the immune gene due to the different pathogens exposure.


Background: Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is a matter of concern for many organizations because it represents a potential for an extensive range of negative performance and psycho-social outcomes for organization and its members and it results in enormous losses to organizations. Objectives: To assess the effect of yoga on working professionals and its role in the reduction of CWB by overcoming issues of stress, anxiety, aggression, and negative emotions. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled pre- and post-test study conducted. Study sample included yoga group ( n = 80) and control group ( n = 80). Yoga module that included asanas, pranayama, meditation, and yogic theory lectures were taught to the yoga group. Mild to moderate physical exercises and management lectures were taught to the control group. Both groups received intervention for ten weeks, covering 1 hour daily, 5 days a week. Measurements of self-reported CWBs were taken as baseline and post intervention for assessment. Within group, comparison was performed in paired t -test and between group comparisons was performed in the analysis of covariance with baseline score as a covariate. Gender difference for CWB scores was measured in an independent t -test. The relationship between variables was investigated using Pearson correlation. Results: Yoga group reported statistically significant reduction in CWB in comparison to the control group. The gender difference was observed in the case of CWB scores. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of yoga practices as viable and costs effective solution in reducing CWB at the workplace and its predictors such as stress, negative affectivity, and aggression. There seems to be a great deal of assurance in the yoga session if conducted at workplace toward getting numerous benefits on the mental and physical health of employees and substantial savings for employers from losses.


he current research aims to find out the effectiveness of the employment Web Quest on the development of Cognitive achievement and the Awareness of political values for high school students The research sample is ( 391 ) students from public high school. Both the analytical descriptive and the semi-experimental designs are used. Different tools were used as follows: A List of political values, a card of content analysis (content), A cognitive achievement test, And scale to measure the awareness of political values. The results demonstrated that there is a difference with statistical significance between the average scores of the experimental group, "the research group" in the pre and post applications of cognitive achievement test, , And the measurement of awareness in favor of the post application. The results show also the size of the significant impact of the political values unit on the Cognitive achievement and in raising the awareness of political values.


In this study, it is aimed to obtain prediction model for chick hatching weight by using shell ground color, shape characteristics, shell characteristics, white + yellow weight and weight loss property values during hatching of quail hatching eggs. Multicollinearity is one of the most common problems in prediction models. It is defined as linear dependence between explanatory variables in linear regression analysis. In this case, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator is not a predictor with minimum variance between unbiased estimators. Accordingly, the parameter estimates are away from the real value. One proposed approximation approach to eliminate this problem is restricted ridge regression. According to the findings obtained from 523 chick hatching eggs, elongation, egg shell weight, shell weight + embryo waste (g), absolute weight loss after transfer (g), relative weight loss after transfer (%) and absolute weight loss in 0-14 days (g) were determined as factors affecting chick hatching weight. In the linear modeling approach, which is used to determine these factors, multicollinearity problem is revealed. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable set of parameters, Original Research Article Hark and Alaşahan; AJRIZ, 3(2): 30-37, 2020; Article no.AJRIZ.58795 31 restricted ridge regression analysis was applied and estimations with lower standard errors than standard errors of the parameters obtained from the (least squares) LSQ approach were obtained.


The present study considered nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs as independent variables, to investigate the combined and simultaneous effects of glossing and word class on retention and comprehension. The sample of the study consisted of 135 participants who were non-English major undergraduates at a university in Iran. After employing a proficiency test, they were selected and assigned randomly to one of four groups: In the first treatment group nouns were glossed, in the second one verbs, for the third group adjectives and for the fourth group adverbs were glossed. After exposure to the L2 reading texts, comprehension and retention were measured through the corresponding multiple choice items. The vocabulary test was repeated four weeks later. Data of the study were collected over a period of 7 weeks. The findings suggested that there were not any significant differences between the mean scores of the four groups on the reading comprehension test but there were differences between the mean scores of the four groups on the immediate and delayed recall tests.


The paper applied integration of GIS technology and neural network to the geological hazard evaluation of Ningde. The GISANN neural network, with the powerful functions of GIS spatial information visualization and analysis of nonlinear description and analysis, could achieve geological hazard assessment visualization management, to help the development of land and resources, thus to help Ningde, environmental protection and geological disaster prevention projects by providing scientific basis for decision making and enhancing government natural disaster emergency relief capacity, and providing scientific support for building a harmonious society and sustainable development.


While using an algebra that acts on sets of variable bindings for evaluating XML queries, the problem of constructing XML from these bindings arises. One approach is to define a powerful operator that is able to perform a complex construction of a representation of the XML result document. The drawback is that such an operator in its generality is hard to implement and disables algebraic optimization since it has to be executed last in the plan. Therefore we suggest to construct XML documents by special query execution plans called construction plans built from simple, easy to implement and efficient operators. The paper proposes four simple algebraic operators needed for XML document construction. Further we introduce an optimizing translation algorithm of construction clauses into algebraic expressions.


The term epigonal (which suggests Peruvian studies) as used by Ritchie to define a transitional Castle Creek pottery, seems to be aptly used. It is better than Skinner's (1919) "Sub-Iroquois" ware, and in a sense is more broadly definitive than Smith's (1947) "Clason's Point Focus." Calling the transitional Epigonous ware a "decadent" Castle Creek ware (p. 188) introduces a new germ of thought. An important note (p. 177, footnote) is made in which Ritchie flatly denies the possibility that Iroquois culture is derived in tow, or solely from an Owasco background. In the analysis the author throws into play several other new pottery types, including Overpeck Incised, Chance Incised, Hudson Valley Crescent Incised, and Kingston Incised. The Owasco ceramic types are studied in detail in Ritchie and MacNeish's (1949) report, hence they are not fully described in this publication. For a fuller treatment of the Iroquoian types we are referred (p. 179) to a future publication by Richard S. MacNeish. Historic Munsee is believed to be a final stage of development from prehistoric Castle Creek, which represents an importation from up river in New York state. For the introduction of the Iroquois pottery Ritchie poses two alternatives (p. 100), one of which seems,to be better than the other (viz: that the Munsee had amiable relations with Esopus tribes of the Kingston area). However, it is speculation either way. Mentioning the excavations in brief, we note that the land had been under cultivation for over a century and a half. This, according to Ritchie, probably obliterated any house patterns and post molds if any were extant. In view of the short time allowed, apparently there was no other choice but to follow the most expeditious and fruitful plan possible, that of pit excavations. One hundred pits were opened (Plate 1). Ritchie's work in northern New Jersey represents an important contribution. He brings to bear his background specialty of ceramics on a knotty ceramic problem, which we assume would have had to be studied in the light of New York prehistory. Therefore it is fortunate in this regard that the author was given the opportunity to perform the job. Nowhere do we find that the Walum Olum has been further elucidated — however, that remains for the combined study to work out. This much we know, the Munsee possessed the Castle Creek culture on their entry into northern New Jersey from southeastern New York.


Since Burckhardt, historians have characterized the Italian Renaissance as a unique and deeply significant moment in the history of material culture. Very little attention has been paid, however, to the influence of gender on the acquisition and use of material objects in this period, largely because we have assumed that the men who commissioned public monuments and paid for private palaces were the only ones with the access to sufficient wealth and the motivation to have any significant impact on the market for material objects.' However, recent scholarly interest in the organization and use of the private palaces built by urban elites throughout northern Italy is leading social historians to explore domestic behaviour and art historians to study the decorative, or 'domestic', arts.' This paper will discuss evidence (discovered in family archives in Verona) for the influence of women on material culture, and will refer to recent studies of Renaissance interiors, household treatises, and gendered space in order to raise questions about how to interpret this often scattered, conflicting, and indirect evidence. The more we discover about the lives of elite women in early modern Europe, the more obvious becomes the need to assess their impact on the nature of luxury consumption, forms of patronage, and changing ideals of domestic life. The evidence in this paper suggests not only that wealthy women thought about material possessions differently, but also that they acted upon those thoughts and feelings in ways that differed significantly from their male peers. In order to begin to identify and describe these gender differences, w e must discover how domestic household space was organized and used by the men and women of the Renaissance. The city of Verona was the largest and probably the wealthiest of the mainland cities subject to Venice's rule from the beginning of the fifteenth ' See the two most recent contributions to the field. Richard Goldthwaite, Wealth and the Demand for Art zn Renarrtance Italy, 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1993). and Lisa Jardine, Worldly Goods: a new H r r t q of the Renaissance (New York, 1996). Neither discuss gender in any detail. Individual studies are beginning to remedy this neglect, particularly those contained in Renaissance Stua'aks 1012 (1996), the issue devoted to female patronage. ' An important international conference on domestic culture in the Renaissance was held recently, for example, in which the impact of gender on the use, acquisition, and symbolism of objects was a central concern of the participants: 'Bringing the Renaissance Home', jointly sponsored by the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum and the American Academy in Rome, New York City, 14-16 March 1997.


This work examines the journalist Jack McEvoy as he appears in four of author Michael Connelly's novels, but he is the main protagonist in only two: The Poet and The Scarecrow. In these two novels, McEvoy's circumstances change but he maintains some of the same journalistic characteristics. For this paper, McEvoy's circumstances and characteristics will be compared with other images of the journalist in popular culture to determine what role McEvoy plays in the journalist's image as a whole. Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 3 Introduction Jack McEvoy never wanted to be a reporter. "I wanted to be a writer, ended up in the newspaper business." But that didn't stop him from being a damn good one. His writing skills, determination and uncanny ability to find things most people would miss, including cops, make him good at what he does. It also doesn't hurt that he will do nearly anything to get a good story. McEvoy is Michael Connelly's fictional protagonist, who appears in four of Connelly's novels. However, McEvoy plays the lead character in two of them. In both The Poet and The Scarecrow, McEvoy finds himself in a similar situation: hunting down a serial killer who has eluded the cops and the FBI. The characteristics mentioned earlier resurface in both of the novels, making his character generally consistent. What changes, however, is his situation in life and the state of journalism. These changes are an important reflection on the state of the media, particularly newspapers. They also reflect the adaptations journalists have had to make to technology. The journalist in The Poet, first published in 1996, is technologically much different from the journalist in The Scarecrow, published in 2009. Likewise, journalism has drastically changed. And this is all because of the Internet, or at least that's what the novels have the reader believe. To understand why all of these changes are important, McEvoy must be examined more closely. His characteristics and skills as a reporter in the first novel need to be compared with those in the second novel. McEvoy must be taken apart to look at how exactly journalism has fallen apart. Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 4 The best way to do this is to start from the very beginning. Who Is Jack McEvoy? Jack McEvoy was born on May 21, 1961, to Millie and Tom McEvoy. He grew up with his identical twin brother, Sean, and an older sister, Sarah, in Denver, Colorado. The McEvoys were a normal family. They went on trips. The kids went to school. The parents worked. But it all unraveled when a tragedy took Sarah's life. When Jack and Sean were kids, the family went to Bear Lake, a park near Denver. It was winter, and the lake was frozen. Jack's parents were getting lunch ready, and Sarah was watching Jack and Sean. Jack decided to run onto the ice, and Sarah went after him. Before she could get to him, she fell through the ice. Jack and Sean, who had watched the episode, began screaming. But by the time anyone was able to get to Sarah it was too late. She had drowned. Sean had covered up for Jack, telling their parents that they had both run onto the frozen lake. That was one of the best things Sean had done for Jack. After Sarah's death, the family stayed together, but there was tension. Jack thought his parents never quite forgave him for what had happened. The brothers grew up and moved on. Jack traveled for a few years, living in New York and Paris, before going to college. Sean went into the service before pursuing police work. Eventually, Sean ended up as a homicide detective in the Denver Police Department, wanting to one day be chief of police. Jack also ended up back in Denver as a reporter for The Rocky Mountain News. He had worked his way up from a rewriter and daily reporter to a homicide reporter without deadlines. At the beginning of The Poet, Jack is confronted with the death of his brother. Sean had been working on a case about a brutally murdered university student named Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 5 Theresa Lofton. After many dead ends, the case had begun to take its toll on Sean and he started seeing a psychiatrist. Not long after that he was found dead in a parking lot at Bear Lake with a single bullet wound to the head. His death was ruled a suicide and the case was closed with little investigation. Upon learning this, Jack took a few weeks off from work to collect himself. When he returned to work, he knew what his next story would be. He wanted to write about his brother, focusing on cop suicides. His editor, Greg Glenn, after some hesitation bought the idea, and let him run with it. Jack went through other newspaper stories on cop suicides, and managed to get the files on Sean's case as well as Lofton's. While doing research, he discovered something odd. The year before in Chicago another homicide cop had committed suicide, and the cop's last words were from Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Fall of the House of Usher." Roderick Usher was the name of the last person to have seen Sean alive. Jack gave the connection a shot, and then looked up the words Sean had written on the windshield of his car: "Out of Space. Out of Time." Sure enough those were from Poe too. The link made him think his brother hadn't committed suicide, and he took his ideas to the cops. They didn't look too kindly on him. But eventually he convinced them to reopen the case. He then traveled to Chicago, and persuaded the cops there to reopen their file. After that, the ball was rolling. Jack had alerted the authorities to a serial killer they had missed, and the FBI was brought in because the murders occurred across state lines. Throughout all of this, though, Jack tried to stay ahead of the game. He wanted to be the first to break the story, because he thought it was his story. To keep it his, he negotiated with the FBI, and got them to agree to let him be involved in the Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 6 investigation. He also negotiated a contract with them, granting him the right to break the story. The agent assigned to work with him was Rachel Walling, a gifted and beautiful profiler. Throughout the novel, their relationship grows, and within a short period of time they become intimate. As the novel continues to progress, they discover the identity of the serial killer, who baits homicide cops by brutally killing children or people who have contact with children. A trap is then set up in Los Angeles. The killer, nicknamed the Poet because of the references he uses to Poe, has made his way to L.A. and finds himself in need of a camera. The FBI finds out where he has ordered the camera he needs and have set up shop. An agent is assigned to pose as an employee at the camera store while Rachel and Jack wait outside with other agents. They have been sitting outside for hours and nothing has happened. So, Jack decides to get some coffee. He buys some extra cups and heads into the camera shop to see if any of them want any. Just as he is about to leave the shop, the killer shows up. Before they can arrest the Poet, he figures out what is going on and he shoots and kills the FBI agent working behind the counter. Jack tries to talk to the Poet and eventually manages to get the gun from him. A struggle ensues, and he finds himself wrestling with the killer. To save himself, Jack fires the gun, shooting the Poet who dies shortly afterward. Once all of the commotion dies down and the FBI interviews him, Jack finds a moment to call his editor, and his editor tells him something he doesn't want to hear. "You're not covering the story anymore. You killed the guy who killed your brother. You killed the Poet. The story's about you now. You can't write it." Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 7 Jack is not happy, and begrudgingly agrees to be interviewed by the reporter assigned to cover his story. While brooding in his room, Jack decides to go through his files again, and he discovers something. The person he has killed is not the only person involved in the killings. There is someone else, and they are on the inside. But, before he can get to the other killer, he is captured. The room is dark and the drugs the second killer injected into Jack are making him fade fast. Before the killer could do his job, Rachel bursts in and shoots. The killer manages to get away before the authorities could find out the extent of his injuries. Jack's involvement in the story has made him a celebrity, and he is asked to appear on television shows to tell his ordeal. At the end of the book, he is on leave from The Rocky Mountain News. He is on leave to write a book. He can finally write his story. But not everything turns out so well. His relationship with Rachel ends on a sour note, and they decide that it's best not to see each other any more. After he writes his book, Jack continues to ride the coattails of fame a little longer. Before landing a job at The Los Angeles Times Jack works freelance for The New Times, a tabloid-type paper based in Los Angeles, as well as Vanity Fair. While he is freelancing, Jack appears briefly in A Darkness More Than Night. His interactions in the novel are restricted primarily to brief exchanges with Terry McCaleb, a criminal profiler, and Harry Bosch, a detective. In the exchanges, Jack attempts to get information on a case he is working on, but McCaleb and Bosch brush him off, finding him mostly a nuisance. Jack is even referred to as "a coyote that had been waiting in a cave for his unsuspecting prey." Jack McEvoy: From His Rise to Fame to the End of His Game 8 Jack also makes an appearance in Connelly's The Brass Verdict. This time McEvoy is portrayed trying to work Mickey Haller, a defense attorney, into an interview about a case. As in the previous novel, Haller sees Jack as a nuisance. Haller even calls Jack a liar. Again, Jack is seen as stalking Haller to g


We experienced a series of 1831 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy betwwen February 1991 and November 1998, of which six cases were left-sided gallbladder. The purpose of this study was to discuss problems of preoperative diagnosis and laparoscopic technique for left-sided gallbladder. Six cases of left-sided gallbladder in which patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied retrospec-tively. Four cases were successfully diagnosed preoperatively. Ultrasonography (US) showed right-sided umbilical portal vein in five cases. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the gallbladder located in the left side of the round ligament in four cases. Cholangiography was not helpful in all cases. In all cases, usual French style laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. The port below the xyphoid was inserted in the right side of the round ligament in the usual method. First approach of dissection was from the triangle of Calot in the ealier two cases, but it was difficult to keep a good operative field, and so the gallbladder was dissected first from the liver bed in the later four cases. As for intraoperative complications, bleeding from the feeding vessel from the liver bed near the round ligament occurred in two cases. No anomalous bile duct was found by intraoperative cholangiography in any of these six cases.


BACKGROUND
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a serious neonatal problem which had hazardous effect in the neonates when the level of indirect bilirubin is increased to the levels that could cause kernicterus.

AIMS
The aim of this research is to study the cord blood levels of erythropoietin (EPO), bilirubin and reticulocyte count (RC) as early predictors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODS
A prospective case control study, which was done at Tanta University Hospital (TUH) from July 2016 to March 2018 on 90 neonates. The studied neonates were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (45 neonates) who developed pathological hyperbilirubinemia and required treatment and group 2(45 neonates) who did not develop pathological hyperbilirubinemia and did not require treatment. Cord blood levels of EPO, bilirubin and RC were measured in all the studied neonates in both groups.

RESULTS
There was significant difference between both groups as regard cord blood bilirubin (CBB), hemoglobin, EPO & RC levels where the P. value is 0.001*,0.027, *0.001*&0.001*respectively. There was significant positive correlation between cord Blood EPO levels and both CBB & cord blood RC with r=0.610 & 0.579 respectively and P. value is 0.001* & 0.001* respectively. As regard to ROC curve ,There was superiority of cord blood EPO levels where the cut off value was 22.5 mIU/ml while the sensitivity & specificity were 96 & 89 respectively then the cord blood RC where the cut off value was 5.7% while the sensitivity & specificity were 93 & 85 respectively and lastly CBB where the cut off value was 1.8 mg/dl while the sensitivity & specificity were 89 & 78 respectively.

CONCLUSION
Cord blood levels of EPO, bilirubin and RC were increased in cases of pathological neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

RECOMMENDATION
Cord blood levels of EPO, bilirubin and RC could be used for early prediction of pathological neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.


Gimbals have been the main mechanism to perform pointing and beam steering for most Electro-optic sensors. A new class of pointing and beam steering devices based on a pair of counter-rotating Grisms is presented here. The device is capable of wide spectral band. The paper first describes the design principles of counter-rotating Grisms for beam pointing and beam steering. Comparison between gimbals and counter-rotating prisms is given next. Finally potential applications of a pair of counter-rotating grisms are illustrated.


Objective: To identify an antioxidant component FA from Aloe and investigate its effects on antioxidant function in aged rats. Methods: The chemical structure of FA was deduced by the results obtained from analysis of HPLC, IR, UV spectra and mass spectrometry, comparing with that of standard sample. Effects of FA on antioxidant function in aged rats were studied by measuring the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA content in blood and liver. Results: FA was identified as 2-isopropyl-8-C-D-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-5-methylchromone. Compared with control group, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in both blood and liver of aged rats administrated with FA were significantly increased (P0.05), with concomitant decrease of MDA content (P0.05). In young rats, the administration of FA lowered MDA content. However, it had no remarkable effects on the antioxidant enzymes (P0.05) as compared with young control rats. Conclusion: Administration of FA can reduce the level of lipid peroxidation significantly in aged rats, protecting antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage and recovering their activities.


"A monster sent by the gods to ravage the vineyards" is how the Calydonian boar was described in mythologic accounts. King Oeneus did not offer proper thanks to Artemis, goddess of the hunt. In retaliation, she unleashed the monster on the fertile fi elds of Calydon, "an ornament to Greece," terrorizing adjacent communities and wreaking havoc with local agriculture. "Now it trampled the young shoots of the growing crops, now cut short the ripeness, longed-for by the mournful farmer, and scythed down the corn in ear," wrote Ovid in his Metamorphoses. "Its tusks were the size of an Indian elephant's: lightning came from its mouth: and the leaves were scorched by its breath." Oeneus' son, Meleager assembled a team of braves to go after the beast. Among these were Jason, leader of the Argonauts; Theseus king of Athens; and swift-footed Atalanta, "the warrior girl of Tegea," a creature of the forest, suckled by a she-bear after being abandoned by her father, who had wished for a son. The boar, "fl ame burning in its eyes," charged the hunters "like lightening forced from colliding clouds," killing several before it was fi nally wounded by Atalanta's arrow and fi nished off by Meleager who, impressed by the heroine's performance, offered her the pelt as trophy. Meleager's gesture offended the team. In the scuffl e that followed, he killed two of his uncles. His mother, distraught by the loss, allowed her son's death to avenge them. The story of the Calydonian boar hunt was mentioned in The Iliad and was retold many times, in greatest detail by Ovid. "The boar was furiously twisting its body round and round, its jaws slavering with foam and fresh blood .... The hero who had dealt the wound came up close to the animal and roused his foe to fury, before fi nally burying his shining spear in its shoulder." Member of the species Sus scrofa, family Suidae, and ancestor of the domestic pig, the wild boar roamed much of the world. Native to Europe and the Mediterranean region, the large-bodied, short-legged, coarse and bristled beast, was one of the fi rst to be tamed and live among humans, featured in the mythology of many nations: Egypt, Persia, China, New Guinea, India. In the wild, it embodied, along-


It is estimated that 2–4% of the popula-tion will have a seizure during their lifetime and 1–2% will develop epilepsy. Of these patients, 40% have medically refractory epilepsy and therefore should be consid-ered for surgery. Mesial temporal sclero-sis (MTS) is the most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy. Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy have approximately five-times the incidence of death compared with the normal population


The present document reports the work done during the first four months of an internship hosted by the MYRIADS team under supervision by Cedric Tedeschi. The aim of the internship is to study various algorithms that can help to create a distributed runtime for the Chemical Programming Paradigm. The Chemical Programming model is an intrinsically parallel, non deterministic programming paradigm offering abstraction and expressiveness. It is based on a metaphor between rewriting rules and chemical reactions: bits of data are rewritten to other bits just as molecules are replaced by other molecules. During the internship, a model of Distributed Chemical Machine has been developed. This model includes a modified reaction process and a distribution scheme. A simulator has been implemented so as to test some features of the Distributed Chemical Machine. The report gives context to the subject, explaining why a distributed runtime for the Chemical Programming Paradigm is highly relevant in the Internet of Services we experience daily. Chemical Programming is then described from both an intuitive and formal point of view. A section thoroughly details the specification of our Distributed Chemical Machine. Finally, the simulator for this model is presented along with results it helped obtain. The conclusion gives insight in the future developments we expect about distribution of the Chemical Programming Paradigm.


It would be a crime to steal ... that faith ... that faith which keeps on shouting silently from inside ... that the world does not have to be the way it is. --Ariel Dorfman ALTHOUGH ESPECIALLY TAILORED to her New Yorker audience, Alma Guillermoprieto's The Heart That Bleeds: Latin America Now engages the societal extremes that we to the north associate--perhaps unfairly, as Brazilian Jorge Amado might insist, but not necessarily unsubstantially--with Latin American countries. Her heartstopping portraits of the region's government upheavals, widespread violence, and chronic poverty validates, in a sense, one critic's take on magical realism as, "that seemingly surreal version of reality, which is reality only to those who know that in Latin America the apparently `unreal' is daily experience" (Randall, 10). "Statistics make no sense" says Guillermoprieto: what does it mean that last year [1990], the most violent in Medellin's history, more than three hundred police officers were killed, along with some three thousand youths between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, or that in the first two months of this year, the rate had increased? (93) Here she reports on the "seemingly surreal version of reality" in Managua, Nicaragua: by 1985, following the worst year of fighting, local research centers had tallied forty-eight schools destroyed and five hundred and two others closed down in combat areas; forty-four thousand hectares of forest burned; and four million dollars in gold lost in the principal mining centers. There were also four thousand dead ... and there were 425,000 displaced persons.... (29) And in Lima, Peru: four out of five Peruvians lack a steady job. According to the government, about eight million Peruvians--more than a third of the population--require emergency food assistance in order to survive. (69-70) The statistics themselves are barely conceivable, let alone the reality they describe and the human lives they affect. Indeed, merely "To survive," as Cristina Garcia writes in Dreaming in Cuban, "is an act of hope" (99). That a person might rise in and above these circumstances, however, that a person might be defined for his or her individual worth against such a background and attain what is virtually "Unattainable," then, is cause for celebration and the stuff that stories are made of. But writing, storytelling, and self-expression are subversive activities, and Latin American writers are perhaps more well-known than others for the frequency with which they ally themselves with revolution and resistance. One does not have to look far to happen on phrases which equate writing and resistance. "[I] took long verses / by the rifle butt / aiming at the dictator / and his buddies," wrote an anonymous El Salvadoran poet. "I have no fusil [rifle] in my hand, but only my testimony," says Claribel Alegria in the preface to Flowers From the Volcano. Such authors are traditionally wellsprings of hope for survival and change and all too literally represent the differences between life and death--to be overtly political is too frequently to be "disappeared." It's all the more significant, then, that beneath the Miramax-happy story of Mario Jimenez the burgeoning local artist, Beatriz his great, Dantesque love, and the great poet Pablo Neruda in Antonio Skarmeta's The Postman (l Postino), there simmers a much bleaker and more cynical picture of Latin American politics, individual worth, and the writer's freedom. More an examination of how bitterness comes into being in Latin America (specifically in Chile) due to incorrigible government poetics, military coups, and poverty, The Postman examines the assassination of hope and, with it the writer's hapless pursuit of an individual freedom of expression. What makes Pablo Neruda, from the start, such the national hero in The Postman is the fact that he has overcome the odds, that his "hope of being able to prove what one is really worth (or what one thinks one is worth)," as Ricardo Piglia writes in Artificial Respiration, has been realized (176). …


A method is proposed to connect states of the shell model and the interacting boson model and derive the boson model hamiltonian from shell-model data. This novel mapping technique is based on the properties of the shell-model overlap matrix. An application to the / 7 / 2 shell is presented and the results of the new mapping are compared with the standard OAI results.


Eighteen crossbred heifers (1 yr) were divided into three groups of six each. The protein and energy requirements of tlie heifers were met according to NRC1 in group T1, 20% above in group T2 and 40% above in groups T3. Other nutrients were also increased in a linear fashion. The actual intake of CP was higher and that of energy were lower than theoretical calculations. The daily body weight gains were 0.540, 0.630 and 0.700 kg/d in groups T1, T and T3, respectively. The digestibility of CP was not influenced even when CP intake was 44% more than the recommended level. The study has shown that to achieve higher growth rate in crossbred heifers, the CP and energy levels may have to be increased by 44 and 10% respectively than the NRC1 recommended levels.


Abstract—In the present heavy load scenario, due to the presence of many small scale and large scale industries, the operation of power system network to maintain stable power supply becomes complicated. It will lead to have major problems such as voltage instability and voltage collapse in the power system. To overcome these difficulties, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) have been proposed and implemented in power system. By placing these devices in suitable location will give effective results. In this paper, the optimal location and the ratings of FACTS devices are determined using evolutionary algorithm. The main objective function is to find the optimal location and ratings of FACTS devices to minimize the losses in the power system and also to minimize the cost of the generators and to enhance the voltage stability. FACTS devices such as Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) are considered in this paper. Evolutionary algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a population based search method used for solving multi objective optimization problems that are capable of searching for multiple solutions concurrently in a single run and provide an optimal solution. Genetic Algorithm is used to find the optimal location and rating values of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to reduce the cost of generators, to enhance the voltage stability and also to reduce the power losses in the power system. It is observed from the results that the voltages stability margin is improved, voltage profile of the power system is increased and real power losses also reduced by optimally locating the devices in the power system. IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Keyword-Voltage stability, Voltage collapse, SVC, TCSC, GA


Objective To reveal the influence of socioeconomic factors on fire injury and to provide scientific evidences for preventing and controlling fire injury.Methods The relationship of fire injury with socioeconomic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis,factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis.Results There was positive correlation between fire and socioeconomic factors.The influential factors on the frequency of fires included annual population in an area,the number of cities,the gross domestic products(GDP),the number of individuals and private enteprises,the number of people in individuals and private enterprises and the household annual living expenditures.Fire situation was more seriously in developed areas with more population and cities.The primary determinants of fire injury were the number of individuals and private enterprises and the number of people in individuals and private enterprises.Conclusion The fire situation was more seriously along with the development of economy.The individuals and private enterprises and people in individuals and private enterprises were important risk factors.The fire injury could be reduced through ptomoting fire control safety of people.


Abstract For some decades the cognitive‐developmental approach to moral psychology has dominated discussions of moral action and growth, and the concept of role‐taking has been central to related understandings. Narrative, both as conceptual approach and as method of investigation and interpretation, is presented here as a critical and complementary adjunct to the cognitive‐developmental case.


Etching of TaN gates on high-k dielectrics (HfO2 or HfAlO) is investigated using HBr/Cl2 chemistry in a decoupled plasma source (DPS). The patterning sequence includes 248-nm lithography, plasma photoresist trimming, etching of a SiN-SiO2  hard mask, and photoresist stripping, followed by TaN etching. TaN etching is studied by design of experiment (DOE) with four variables using a linear model with interactions. It is found that at a fixed substrate temperature and wafer chuck power, etch critical dimensions (CD) gain decreases with decreasing HBr/Cl2 flow rate ratio and pressure and with increasing source power and total gas flow rate. Based on these DOE findings, subsequent optimization is performed and a three-step etching process is developed; a main feature of the process is progressively increasing HBr/Cl2 flow rate ratio. The optimized process provides etch CD gain within 2 nm and gate profile close to vertical and reliable etch-stop on high-k dielectric. This process is successfully applied to the fabrication of the 40-nm HfAlO/TaN gate stack p-MOSFETs with good electrical parameters


Abstract : The debate on how to establish unity-of-action for a given military operation has been growing in importance over the last forty years. This debate becomes even more poignant in today's world where operational commanders have an increased responsibility outside of normal war fighting functions. Political ramifications from working with interagency and international partners have changed the traditional military command and control dynamic and forced introspection on the joint principles driving United States military operations. The establishment of an operational command structure based solely on the principle of unity-of-command falls short of guaranteeing unity-of-effort. The joint force commander must understand the other organizations working in the area of operations and successfully coordinate and synchronize actions. Operational commanders must clearly align the operational command structure with the objectives to preclude mutual interference, establish coordination bodies and a network of liaisons to synchronize the effects of different entities, and educate all partners on organizational capabilities and limitations, to ensure the United States Government achieves unified action in complex interagency and international operations.


A sense of interdependence, in terms of relations with other individuals, groups, and institutions, is at the heart of the social outcomes of schooling. This paper investigates the views of school students in late primary and middle secondary school about the importance to them of relating constructively with others, commitment to community well‐being, and adherence to rules and conventions. It describes scales to measure these orientations, investigates relationships with age, gender, and other student characteristics, and examines the extent to which individual student orientations are related to school environments. Data are from a survey of nationally representative Australian samples of approximately 8,000 students in Years 5 and 10 from more than 500 schools as well as 2,600 teachers from those schools. Multilevel regression analyses indicate that differences in student orientations are associated with age, gender, and educational aspirations as well as a number of other school and individual factors. Differences among schools account for approximately 11% of the variance in student scores and school environments and practices are found to be associated with differences in student responses.


SQ 11,302, now known as Dexacillin or Epicillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin developed by The Squibb Institute for Medical Research . It is designated chemically as 6-D-2-amino-2- (1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl) acetamido penicillanic acid.


This is an overview discussion of the importance of recognising and understanding the producer's role not only within British cinema but in film studies as a discipline. It argues that a producer's oeuvre must be understood differently from that of a director. It is equally creative, but that creativity expresses itself in the range of variety of films made and also in forging the conditions under which other talents (director, actor, screenwriter, cinematographer) can work most effectively. In order to understand a producer's work, we must look at her or his career as a whole, their contribution to the evolution of cinema at particular historical moments and the effectiveness of their control of the production process. This involves research in archives and the trade press as a producers' largely invisible labour cannot be read off from the films they produce.


The interoperation of existing middleware technologies such as CORBA and the emerging Web services is necessary to implement new,valued-added services.This paper illustrates how to expose existing CORBA-implemented systems as Web Services and how to enable Web client access to services built using CORBA without changing the original programming mode.


Materials, devices and novel schemes for generation, amplification and detection of microwave and millimeter wave energy are studied. Considered are: (1) Schottky-barrier microwave devices; (2) intermodulation products in IMPATT diode amplifiers; and (3) harmonic generation using Read diode varactors.


The innovative learning model Problem Based Learning (PBL) will be applied to overcome the problems faced by students of class VIII, SMP Nusantara Palangka Raya. The problem is the lack of students' ability to understand procedural text and the lack of students' ability to think critically. This research is an experiment with pre-test -> treatment -> post-test design. The instruments used to collect data are interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis using SPSS.
The results showed there was a significant increase from the pretest variable to the posttest variable after receiving treatment, (pretestM = 69.1, SD = 5.527; posttest M = 88.1, SD = 8,478; t(9)=-13,217, p=.000). Then the correlation coefficient value or correlation is 0.872 with a sig value. 0.001 < 0.05. The results of the paired sample test show the value of Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, and the Mean Paired Difference value is -19.000. Since Ha is accepted, these results shown that there is an increase in the understanding of procedural texts through the application of the PBL model and the critical thinking skills of grade VIII students of SMP Nusantara Palangka Raya. Therefore, this study recommends the application of PBL to improve students' performance.


ABSTRACT Crops are the most important ground cover on slope farmland and have a significant impact on the soil erosion. But soil erosion on slope farmland is also affected by many other factors, such as topography and rainfall. In order to explore the effect of crop growth on soil erosion on different slope gradient of slope farmland, and analyze the interaction of crop growth and slope gradient on soil erosion, this study used artificial simulated rainfall to observe the runoff rates and soil loss amounts under different slope gradients for maize, soybeans, and winter wheat in different growth stages. Results showed that crops and slope gradient both significantly affected production and development of slope runoff. Compared with bare land, mean runoff rate on slopes was reduced by 24%, 32%, and 94% respectively, and sediment yield was decreased by 44%, 55%, and 99% respectively on maize, soybean, and winter wheat fields. Inhibitory effects of crops on slope runoff rate and sediment yield were enhanced with crop growth and decreased with increasing slope gradient. Crop growth and coverage could offset the impact of increasing slope gradient on runoff and sediment to some extent and reduced water and soil loss on slopes. Sediment yield was produced largely when the slope gradient was greater than 10 degrees on maize and soybean fields, but soil erosion was effectively inhibited when the slope gradient was less than 15 degrees on winter wheat fields. Crop planting can effectively reduce the impact of slope gradient on soil erosion, especially during the flourishing period of crop growth.


| Accumulation of lipid droplets is a main obstacle for cryopreservation and low survivability of embryos. This investigation aimed to study the effect of phenazine ethosulfate (PES) supplementation in culture media on the selected miRNAs (miR-205, miR-26a-5p, and let-7b) and their target genes (OCT4, DNMT, CASP3, ATF6, ATP5ME, and ELOVL5), during bovine embryo production. Therefore, a group of two-day bovine embryos was cultured in a medium with lipid-reducing agent, PES (0.3 mM). Another group of embryos without PES was served as a control. Embryos were vitrified and morphologically examined after warming. The viability also was evaluated by culturing for 24 h. After evaluation, embryos were classified into a good or a poor. Afterwards, embryos (blastocyst and morula) were kept at -80°C for RNA extraction and qRT-PCR of the selected miRNAs and their targets. Results revealed that the rate of morula was higher (P<0.01) in treated compared to control groups. After vitrifications, the percentage of good quality embryos increased in treated groups than control groups. Additionally, the rate of dead embryos was higher in control groups. The Let-7b and miR-205 were significantly over-expressed in the treated good as well as poor embryos compared to control (untreated) good and poor embryos, respectively. However, miR-26 was suppressed in the treated good and poor embryos compared to control (untreated) embryos, respectively. Both of OCT4 and DNMT1 transcripts up-regulated in the treated (good and poor) embryos compared to control groups. The ELOVL5 gene decreased in the treated (good and poor) embryos, compared to control ones. In conclusion, PES supplementation reduced lipid droplets, and improved cryotolerance of the blastocysts via modulation the expression pattern of miRNAs and their target genes.


Information is necessary to fulfill motivational educational and communication aspects of health and family welfare advancement. People working in this field must understand the motives behind human behavior the reasons why people adopt certain behavior as well as how to influence and motivate clients and employees. They must be well informed in the fields of population education health education national development fertility control family welfare planning continuing education administrative practices and management and educational methods. Information must also be available on interpersonal communication mass communication and organizational communication. Each of the following categories of people have different motivational educational and communicative needs: people in general (the masses) paramedical fieldworkers nonmedical fieldworkers medical practitioners administrative medical officers health and family planning officers trainers teachers in medical colleges and researchers. The specific needs of each group are tabulated. Sources of information include text books journals and books. Areas which lack adequate sources of information are discussed. Recommendations are made for the dissemination of information to different categories of workers and the role of a national documentation center is described.


The high affinity of highly charged polynuclear platinum complexes for glycans such as heparan sulfate results in modulation of the biomolecule signaling functions leading to inhibition of angiogenesis.


In this paper we argue that pricing is all about price changes, and that the costs of price changes are often simultaneously subtle and substantial. We discuss a framework to deal with the dynamics of changing prices. This framework incorporates customer interpretations of price changes, an awareness of the organizational costs of price changes, investments in future pricing processes, and an understanding of the role that supply chains play in price change strategy. The framework can be used at the tactical level to improve the specific price changes chosen and made, at the managerial level to decide whether or not to make a particular price change at all, and at the strategic level to determine what price adjustment processes should be invested in to improve pricing effectiveness in the future.


Although higher infliximab (IFX) trough levels (TL) have been associated with better outcomes, the ideal predictive sampling time and cut-points to achieve endoscopic remission remain unclear in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of IFX during induction to predict long-term outcome of IFX.

 All children with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) starting IFX therapy (5 mg/kg at weeks 0–2–6–12) for active luminal disease from May 2017 till May 2019 were followed prospectively. IFX levels were measured by Ridascreen IFX Monitoring ELISA (TL at weeks 2–6–12, peak at weeks 0–2–6 and intermediate at weeks 1–4). IFX levels and cumulative drug exposure (area under the curve (AUC) till week 12) were correlated with the outcome at month 6. Clinical remission was defined as PUCAI/PCDAI <10, biochemical remission as CRP ≤5 mg/l + ESR ≤20 mm/h, endoscopic remission as SES-CD <3 or Mayo endoscopic sub-score = 0 and deep remission if both clinical + endoscopic remission. Results were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-test (presented as median [IQR]).

 A total of 252 serum induction levels were included from 32 patients (20 CD and 12 UC; 38% male; median age at start of IFX 13.8 years [11.3–14.9]; 84% on concomitant thiopurines). Clinical remission was achieved in 24 (75%) patients and 18 (56%) were in endoscopic remission (all in deep remission) at month 6. Endoscopic remission at month 6 was associated with significantly higher median IFX TL at week 4 (38.8 µg/ml [24.3–46.0] vs. 23.5 µg/ml [10.5–36.6], p = 0.017), at week 6 (19.9 µg/ml [10.1–26.3] vs. 11.1 µg/ml [3.7–19.9], p = 0.031), at week 12 (9.6 µg/ml [5.5–11.9] vs. 3.5 µg/ml [2.7–7.2], p = 0.004; fig1.) and higher AUC week 0–12 (4574.7 µg*day/ml [3783.0–5160.8] vs. 3722.9 µg*day/ml [3102.2–3991.9], p = 0.008). Median IFX TL at week 12 were significantly higher in children with clinical remission (8.6 µg/ml [5.1–12.0] vs. 4.3 µg/ml [3.1–5.9], p = 0.033), but not for biological remission (6.7 µg/ml [4.0–12.0] vs. 4.3 µg/ml [1.2–7.2], p = 0.250; Figure 2) at month 6. ROC analysis identified an IFX TL at week 12 ≥ 5.0 µg/ml and an AUC weeks 0–12 ≥ 4056.0 µg*day/ml as minimal target to achieve endoscopic remission at mo. 6 (AUROC: 0.796 [95% CI: 0.62–0.97] and AUROC: 0.778 [95% CI: 0.61–0.94], respectively; Figure 3.). Height, haemoglobin and PCDAI score at start of IFX therapy, significantly correlated with week 12 IFX TL.

 Adequate IFX exposure during induction in paediatric IBD patients is associated with significantly better clinical, endoscopic and deep remission rates at month 6. Model-informed precision dosing can assist physicians to achieve optimal exposure during induction more precisely (and rapidly) what is essential for an optimal outcome.


The effect of varied stumping measures on the shooting number and the survival rate of mother plant of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis were researched.It was showed by the results that the number of sprouting shoots was remarkably affected by the remained height after topping,more sprouts could be produced by stumping at 8 cm than stumping at 4 cm above the ground.Moreover,it was showed that the survival rate of the mother plants of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis was also influenced by stumping height,the mother plant survival rate after topping at 8 cm was higher than that of after topping at 4 cm above the ground.To one-year-old scion producing mother plants, the sprouting number and survival rate were influenced by the remained height after stumping.


Hospital are always faced to manage human resources. Because of the greater human resources were critical success of organizatation. Assessment of the human resources of the performance can be generated and the result of the performances could indicate that organizational culture in an organization.The study aimed to identify the dimensions of organizational culture on work unit of H.M Mawardi Islamic Hospital, Krian using Value Survey Module 94. Result of dimensions obtained by each units would be connected with their respective
performances. Assessment of work unit performance was done by compairing the result of the work with the Minimum Service Standards in Hospital. The study was conducted using cross sectional study design with a quantitative approach. By using a questionnaire as instrument, addressed towards 22 units of work. Dimensions of organizational culture that was dominant in 15 work units in H.M Mawardi Islamic Hospital was long term oriented. For the performance of work units, 63.5% had a good performance and the remaining 36,5% had poor performance. Test of relationship between the dimensions of organizational
culture with the performance of work units was done using corelationalcontingency statistical test. The result of test of relationship was (R=0.186) which was still far from 1. This meant that there was no relationship between the
dimensions of organizational culture with the performance of work units. The conclusion that can be drawn was,dimensions of organizational culture on work units quite good because it has a long term dimension. However,
there is still some work units with individualism dimension. That means there were some who concerned with personal interests than the organizational interests.


An inclusive workplace helps in achieving effective performance at all organisational levels. Workplace bullying is recognised as a global phenomenon tremendously influencing self-efficacy and employees' job satisfaction. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction with the mediating role of occupational self-efficacy in the hotel sector in Oman. The cross-sectional research was carried out in three hotels in Oman. The data were collected from 400 employees working in middle and low management in hotels in Oman. Additionally, data were gathered using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale. Preliminary data analysis and regression analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Meditational analysis was conducted with PROCESS macro written by Hayes. The findings highlighted that workplace bullying correlates with job satisfaction positively and negatively with occupational self-efficacy. Occupational self-efficacy was negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that workplace bullying was a significant predictor of job satisfaction. However, occupational self-efficacy did not significantly mediate the relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction. The mediational analysis confirmed that occupational self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction. Management must develop and concentrate on building an inclusive work environment to reduce workplace bullying and harness occupational self-efficacy. Practical steps must be taken to deliver the interventions that can empower the employee to tackle workplace bullying and improves self-efficacy. This study also identified limitations and future research options.


Copolymers containing acetylene and pentenamer units were synthesized by sequential addition of cyclopentene and then acetylene to an active metathesis catalyst system. The formation of block copolymers was indicated by UV-vis spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and infra-red spectroscopy.


Digital image watermarking algorithms have been designed for intellectual property, copyright protection, medical data management, and other related fields; furthermore, in real-world applications such as official documents, banknotes, etc., they are used to deliver additional information about the documents' authenticity. In this context, the imperceptible–visible watermarking (IVW) algorithm has been designed as a digital reproduction of the real-world watermarks. This paper presents a new improved IVW algorithm for copyright protection that can deliver additional information to the image content. The proposed algorithm is divided into two stages: in the embedding stage, a human visual system-based strategy is used to embed an owner logotype or a 2D quick response (QR) code as a watermark into a color image, maintaining a high watermark imperceptibility and low image-quality degradation. In the exhibition, a new histogram binarization function approach is introduced to exhibit any watermark with enough quality to be recognized or decoded by any application, which is focused on reading QR codes. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can embed one or more watermark patterns, maintaining the high imperceptibility and visual quality of the embedded and the exhibited watermark. The performance evaluation shows that the method overcomes several drawbacks reported in previous algorithms, including geometric and image processing attacks such as JPEG and JPEG2000.


This paper studies inference in two-stage randomized experiments under covariate-adaptive randomization. In the initial stage of this experimental design, clusters (e.g., households, schools, or graph partitions) are stratified and randomly assigned to control or treatment groups based on cluster-level covariates. Subsequently, an independent second-stage design is carried out, wherein units within each treated cluster are further stratified and randomly assigned to either control or treatment groups, based on individual-level covariates. Under the homogeneous partial interference assumption, I establish conditions under which the proposed difference-in-"average of averages"estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal for the corresponding average primary and spillover effects and develop consistent estimators of their asymptotic variances. Combining these results establishes the asymptotic validity of tests based on these estimators. My findings suggest that ignoring covariate information in the design stage can result in efficiency loss, and commonly used inference methods that ignore or improperly use covariate information can lead to either conservative or invalid inference. Finally, I apply these results to studying optimal use of covariate information under covariate-adaptive randomization in large samples, and demonstrate that a specific generalized matched-pair design achieves minimum asymptotic variance for each proposed estimator. The practical relevance of the theoretical results is illustrated through a simulation study and an empirical application.


In designing a web-based tool to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of foundation doctors in relation to patient safety, Jean Robson and her colleagues highlighted a fundamental disconnect between junior doctors and the organisations in which they work.1 In this pilot study, published in the November 2011 issue of the journal, trainees who reported patient safety incidents were 'an unusual occurrence'; 48% of trainees surveyed believed that most safety incidents were due to things that they could not do anything about. Perhaps this is not surprising as a similar proportion reported that they had failed to be involved in any subsequent discussions about the prevention of similar events and only one-third had received any feedback following the incident's investigation. The author's proposal that an annual attitudinal survey would provide valuable information which to build more effective patient safety incident reporting structures may be missing a more fundamental point. The problem is deeper rooted than that.

Writing in the Journal of the American Medical Association last year, Robert Brook argues that physicians need to work beyond the reactive scope of traditional clinical practice …


The responsibility of the Department of Social Development in South Africa is to provide an enabling environment to reduce poverty [1], [2]. The first step towards this goal is the introduction of appropriate social policy. According to the Minister of Social Development, the department is determined to protect the most vulnerable groups in society, including the elderly, women, children, and victims of crime. The social assistance program provides social grant payouts to over 16 million people in South Africa.


In the paper, some convergence results of weakly efficient elements and properly efficient elements of sets are obtained. Afterwards, the vector optimization problem with set-valued map (VP) and its the approximate problems (VP)_n are discussed. Some convergence results of properly efficient solutions of (VP)_n are obtained under stronger assumptions.


Impairment of long-term memory is characteristic of aging and some neurodegenerative diseases associated with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An inbred OXYS rat strain wa...


The problem of one-dimensional diffusion is studied for Brownian particles with short-range repulsive interaction. The adoption of the continuous label variable as the spatial coordinate, inspired by the Lagrangian description in fluid mechanics, is shown to be effective in correct prediction of the anomalous diffusion, in which the mean square displacement of the particle grows in proportion to \(\sqrt{t}\). The method is also applicable to the cases in which an external field is present. This suggests potential usefulness of the label variable formulation in describing the slow dynamics of glassy systems.


Turmoil of the 1930s and 1940s stimulated widespread discussion of the contemporary and historical relationships of science and society; the resulting debate led to greater appreciation on both sides of the Atlantic of the rights and duties of scientists


This paper presents the concept of multi-class classmer using non-uniform cellular Automata under periodic boundary condition. To design this multi-classifier, a special class of non-uniform cellular automata (CA) that contain point attractors in their state space, is studied. These CA always converge to some point attractors. The reachability tree, a discrete tool for characterizing l-d CA and Link, have been utilized to develop theories for these types of CA. We report an algorithm that synthesizes a non-uniform cellular automaton having only point attracto/rs.


This paper proposes an indirect rotor position estimation method for a fault-tolerant brushless PM motor drive that has a dual motor module on a common shaft. The technique is based on flux linkage increments of phase windings and performing multiple rotor position estimations using pairs of phases in the motor drive. The paper provides the theory of the method and presents extensive test results to demonstrate its effectiveness using off line real data obtained under various practical operating conditions including faulty states and parameter variations.


Derivatives of a triazole are used not only as fungicides to prevent infection of plants, but also for treatment. These drugs are actively used against plant diseases caused by basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and some deuteromycetes. Due to their chemical stability, they have a long-term protective effect, and their solubility in water ensures their movement from the roots to the aerial part of plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of seed treatment with tebuconazole-containing preparation "Bunker" on the growth of shoots and roots of winter wheat in the light and physiological and biochemical parameters. We used a fungicide of prophylactic and therapeutic action tebuconazole-containing seed treater "Bunker" (August, Russia), the active ingredient of which is tebuconazole (60 g/L). The shoot length and total root length, wet and dry biomass, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments, reactive oxygen species – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation products (LPO) reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-RP) in the tissues of shoots and roots were analyzed. The content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in the extract was determined spectrophotometrically at wavelengths of 665, 649, and 440 nm, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the action of the drug is aimed at inhibiting the growth of shoots and reducing the ratio of shoot length to root length, while on the 7-9th day of growth, the effectiveness of its action is higher, and the most significant effect is exerted by an increased dose of the disinfectant (1.5 μL/g). It was found statistically significant stimulation of root growth on the 9th day of cultivation, regardless of the dose of the dressing agent. Despite the significant growth-inhibiting effect, treatment with Bunker was not accompanied by activation of oxidative processes in shoot tissues, with the exception of an increase in the content of H2O2 and TBA-RP at the initial stage of growth (5 days). In root tissues, the content of H2O2 and TBA did not change under the action of the studied preparation. No differences in the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in the tissues of wheat shoots after treatment with the studied fungicide were found. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that seed dressing agents containing tebuconazole as an active ingredient can be used to ensure plant resistance to moisture deficiency and improve mineral nutrition.


Conjugates of oligonucleotides with chlorin-type photosensitizers were prepared. Two chlorin moieties, CPP and CHEVP, characterized by a modified pyrrole unit bearing an aldehyde chain, were photochemically prepared from protoporphyrin and heptaethylvinylporphyrin, respectively. These chlorin moieties were coupled through the carboxylic acid side-chain (CPP) or aldehyde side-chain (CHEVP) to the 3'-activated phosphate of oligodeoxynucleotides. Diamine or dihydrazide were used as linkers. The resulting conjugates were purified by HPLC and characterized by electrophoresis, UV−visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The photosensitizing properties of the conjugate of CHEVP with the 14-mer oligodeoxynucleotide TTCTTCTCCTTTCT were investigated using three different targets. A single-stranded 25-mer containing the complementary sequence of the 14-mer formed a double helix with the chlorin-14-mer conjugate. A 24 base-pair duplex and a 41-mer hairpin with 18 base pairs and a five nucleotide loop formed tripl...


The combination of innovative additive manufacturing techniques and robotics development has resulted in a revolutionary hypercar, as well as the potential for a more sustainable future for vehicle production


Abstract : Improved methods are proposed for the determination of barium, strontium, calcium, and iron in barium peroxide. The barium is determined as barium chromate, using the technique of homogeneous precipitation. The filtrate from the barium chromate is treated with ammonium oxalate and ethyl alcohol to precipitate the strontium and calcium oxalates, which are then converted to the nitrates. The strontium and calcium nitrates are separated by the use of acetone and the strontium and calcium are finally precipitated as the sulfates. Iron is determined spectrophotometrically with orthophenanthroline. (Author)


A in accordance with the rotating state of the blade by adjusting the drag caused to the blade, to provide a vertical axis wind turbine to be able to convert wind power in a wide range of wind speeds without waste rotational force. An in a plane orthogonal to the vertical rotation axis, the vertical axis windmill in which a plurality of blades are provided at equal angular intervals around the said vertical rotation axis, the blade has a 1.0 or higher lift coefficient an airfoil aerodynamic and is pivotally supported on the rear surface of the front end blade, a closing member which the rear end portion is opened and closed with respect to the blade, in accordance with the rotational speed and the wind speed ratio of the blade, the opening and closing member and a switching control means for controlling the opening and closing operation. .FIELD 1


The theory of learning transfer is a theory about how one learning can affects another.It is a fundamental theory which has deep influence on various layers of elementary education.The reform of new courses encourage teachers to try using new teaching methods actively,and to try various teaching modes to implement teaching.This paper discussed the theory of learning transfer and its application and strategy in the teaching of information technology in middle schools.


The avalanche in mobile data consumption represents a big challenge for mobile networks operators and national regulators. This thesis focuses on finding additional spectrum to meet this demand in ...


Artificial sweeteners are widely used as a substitute for sugar due to their low-calorie content. They are deemed safe for consumption by regulatory bodies and can be useful in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss when consumed in moderation. However, there is still some debate about their efficacy for diabetes control, and consuming large amounts of artificial sweeteners may have negative effects on blood sugar control and weight management. This article provides an overview of the role of artificial sweeteners in diabetes management, highlighting the benefits and potential risks of their use.


Performance evaluation of Kollam bypass road construction is done by using primavera p6 software and survey and questionnaire method. Bypass road under construction in the NH 66, 13.141 km long bypass starts at kavanad in the north to mevaram in the south via Aravila, Kadavur, Kallumthazham and Ayathil. Constructions of three bridges are going on – a 900 m one at kandachira, 600 m one at Aravila and a 100 m one at Kadavur. The importance of kollam bypass is, it will touch 3 major National Highways , NH 66(Panvel to Kanyakumari), NH 183(Kollam to Dindigul) and NH 744(Kollam to Madurai) passing through the state of Kerala. Firstly collect the required information from PWD and then schedule the project by using primavera and do the performance evaluation by survey and questionnaire method. The performance evaluation includes whether the project is on schedule or behind the schedule or ahead of schedule and also the project is on budget or under budget or over budget.


The invention discloses a castable batch system. The castable batch truck comprises at least two batch bins and a batch truck, wherein the batch truck is arranged below the batch bins arranged in row; the feed opening of the batch truck corresponds to the discharge openings of the batch bins; a feed-through structure is arranged at the feed opening of the batch truck and comprises a feed-through pipe, a spring, a rotating arm and a cylinder; the feed-through pipe is connected with the feed opening of the batch truck through the spring; the cylinder is fixed to the batch truck; the middle of the rotating arm is rotationally connected with the batch truck; one end of the rotating arm is in movable connection with the feed-through pipe, and the other end of the rotating arm is in rotational connection with the cylinder; the cylinder drives the rotating arm to rotate, the rotating arm drives the feed-through pipe to move toward the batch truck, the spring retracts, a space is formed between the feed-through pipe and the discharge openings of the batch bins, and the batch truck can move relative to the batch truck; the cylinder drives the rotating arm to rotate reversely, and the rotating arm drives the feed-through pipe to move reversely till the feed-through pipe is butted with the discharge openings of the batch bins.


A series of triorganophosphinegold(1) dithiocarbamate (R3PAuS2CNR'2) and xanthate (R3PAuS2COR') complexes have been prepared and characterised spectroscopically. Based on crystallographic evidence, the molecules feature linear gold(1) geometries defined by sulphur and phosphorus donors. The complexes, along with a series of known anti-cancer agents, have been screened against a panel of seven human cancer cell lines. Uniformly, the dithiocarbamate derivatives are more active than their xanthate counterparts, with the most active complex being Et3PAu(S2CNEt2), and are more active than cisplatin in all cell lines screened but, not as potent as taxol.


Lingual orthodontics is more difficult and complex than labial orthodontics for several reasons, such as difficulties in bracket positioning, patient comfort, maintenance of oral hygiene, and biomechanics. With the advent of newer materials and technologies, many of these problems have been overcome, and we are able to finish lingual orthodontic cases to the same standards as labial orthodontics. Customization along with the use of 3D treatment planning software in lingual orthodontics has enabled dentists to visualize the end result even before starting the treatment. Individualized brackets and wires can be realized by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing on a target setup made at the outset of treatment so that post-treatment results mirror the pre-treatment setup. New technologies like CAD/CAM, intraoral and cast model scanning, 3D printing and robotics have all led to the emergence of several customized lingual appliance systems that have been instrumental in enhancing the reliability, precision, and feasibility of lingual orthodontics.


Diffusion bonding (DB) is an important solid state joining process used to produce high quality joints between similar or dissimilar metals. This joining method is preferable to conventional welding, since it does not involve formation of unexpected phases deteriorating the mechanical properties of the joint. DB is also useful to produce complex shaped sheet parts, as it eliminates the problems caused by the presence of liquid metal in brazing. In this study, 6063 aluminum alloy was diffusion bonded, and diffusion bonding parameters were optimized. Microstructural characterization of the joints was conducted via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Distribution of the phases at the joint interface were determined via XRD and mechanical characterization was done via microhardness measurements.


Taking 125th Regiment of the 7th Agricultural Division as example in Xinjiang, an evaluation model of soil fertility was established by using GIS and mathematical method. Chart of soil fertility information was built in 125 Regiment, based on these, a cotton fertilization recommendation support decision system was established. Fertilization recommendation, fertilization consultation and prescription, making GIS chart, soil fertility resource analysis can be realized. With the system. The results showed that the soil fertility in this area was mainly middle level, and the ratio of soil area with high, middle and low fertility amount was to 30.5%, 41.5% and 28.0% respectively. Main reasons that affect the full utilization of soil fertility were soil fertility input


We aim, in this work, to show, in synchronicity, the use of dar pra/de as an "emergent modal" (KRUG, 2001) in the functional domain of deontic auxiliarization. We follow a functionalist approach to language, based on: i) the notion of grammaticalization (HOPPER, TRAUGOTT, 1993; TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2005), considering the principles of layers and divergence (HOPPER, 1991) and the concept of functional domain (GIVON, 1981, 1984, 2002); and ii) the notion of modality (BYBEE et al., 1994; GIVÓN, 2001, 2005). In the description of the functioning of the construction dar pra/de INF, we consider both the changes in the syntactic configuration of the construction with reflexes in the categorical status of the item, and the modal value involved (root possibility, ability, manipulation). Speech data (VARSUL Project) support the hypothesis of the emergence of a "quasi-auxiliary" (HEINE, 1993) modal, as well as of variation with poder (can) in this functional domain, which places the phenomenon at the grammaticalization-variation interface (POPLACK, 2011; GÖRSKI, TAVARES, 2017).


Based upon photographs of running cracks, a simple split ring model is proposed to simulate axially running cracks in very ductile materials. The model is used in conjunction with a one-dimensional transient fluid flow analysis to calculate the velocity of the crack and the fluid pressure history for air, cold water, and hot water-filled pipes. The model is capable of predicting crack initiation, extension, and arrest. 15 references.


Recent data indicate that there is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among atomic bomb survivors and radiotherapy patients, typically developing with a long latency [1]. However, essentially no information is available on the potential cardiovascular risks (e.g. atherosclerosis, accelerated aging of blood vessels, cardiac arrhythmias) associated with space radiation, in particular heavy ions. To address this issue, we have chosen human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a model system. First we examined to what extent C-ions (9.8 MeV/u, LET: 170 keV/μm) or 250 kV X-rays affect the cell survival. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ΨM) was measured in long-term cultures. The ∆ΨM consists of a proton gradient used by the respiratory chain to generate the major amount of cellular energy. This endpoint was chosen because mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are discussed as a main origin for cardiovascular diseases, in particular atherosclerosis [2]. To quantify the ∆ΨM, cells were stained with the fluorescence dye JC-1 and analysed by flow cytometry. The monomeric form of JC-1 emits 528 nm (green) after excitation at 490 nm. Using protons of the ∆ΨM JC-1 dimerizes accompanied with a large shift in emission to 590 nm (red). Thus, cells containing mitochondria with intact ∆ΨM fluoresce predominantly red.


The 19th century was witness to the development of many novel treatments for congenital pseudarthrosis, including the injection of iodine and of whole blood, ignipuncture, splints, traction, braces and a m p ~ t a t i o n . ~ ~ In addition, Kerr," in 1822, reported on Physick's successful treatment of a mandibular pseudarthrosis with the use of a seton. With the 20th century, various methods of bone grafting were developed, as were methods of internal fixation and external immobilization, the most recent being electrical current and microvascular bone graft technique^.^.^ This article addresses the more conventional surgical methods of treating congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: bone grafting, internal fixation, and immobilization. The clinical course of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is complex. Once the anterolaterally bowed cystic or the narrowed and sclerotic tibia fractures, or corrective osteotomy is performed, a pseudarthrosis almost invariably ensues. The fibula is often involved at the same level. Once established, the pseudarthrosis is extremely resistant to conventional forms of surgical treatment.


The product mixtures obtained by reaction between phenyllithium and carbon monoxide in diethyl ether, followed by hydrolysis, include benzophenone (1). a,a-diphenylacetophenone (2), benzil (3), a,a-diphenyl- a-hydroxyacetophenone (4), benzpinacot (5), a-hydroxyacetophenone (6), 1,3,3-triphenylpropane-1,2-dione (7), 1,3,3-triphenylpropan-1-one-2,3-diol (8). and benzhydrol (9). Compounds 1, 2, 6,7, and 8 are produced in signifi- cant yields i 3,4,5, and 9 are produced in trace quantities. Spectroscopic studies establish dilithium benzophenone dianion (18) as the first long-lived intermediate formed in this reaction; qualitative correlations between the basicity of a number of organolithium reagents and their reactivity toward carbon monoxide suggests, but does not prove, that benzoyllithium is a precursor of 18. Labeling experiments indicate that the products ultimately isolated following hydrolysis of the reaction mixture are derived from at least two pathways which compete for the initially formed 18. One involves combination of l8 with 1 equiv of phenyllithium and 1 equiv of carbon monoxide, followed by elimination of I equiv of lithium oxide. yielding 17, the lithium enolate of 2; a second involves com- bination of 18 with 1 equiv of phenyllithium and 2 equiv of carbon monoxide. yielding 22,the trilithium trianion of 8. Hydrolysis of l7 yields 2 directly. Hydrolysis of 22 yields 8; reverse aldol reactions involving 8 or its pre- cursors generate 1 and 6. The mechanism proposed to account for the major products of the reaction of phenyl- lithium and carbon monoxide is outlined in Scheme III" On the basis of this scheme, plausible paths to the minor products of the reaction are proposed.


"Berlin Access", a regional R&D project carried out by six companies and Heinrich Hertz Institute, Fraunhofer Society, is geared towards low cost solutions for fibre access network architectures (PON and CWDM-PON), ONU transceivers, and passive fibre components. Close communication with system manufacturers, non-incumbent carriers, and a city services supplier implementing a local FTTH network supports orientation towards market demands. In this paper we report on a new FTTH transceiver based on an all-polymer PLC motherboard. The waveguides exhibit high transmission, strong optical confinement, and large operation temperature range. Low loss passively adjusted fibre/PLC coupling is achieved by employing a waveguide taper. Downstream/upstream wavelength separation is accomplished by a directional coupler, or, alternatively, a thin film filter inserted into the input/output waveguide (the latter approach also allowing for the provisioning of an overlay broadcasting channel). The horizontal-cavity surface-emitting laser diode, the pin-photodiode (equipped with a thin film filter for improved crosstalk suppression), and the monitor diode are all flip-chip surface mounted; the light being coupled via 45° waveguide mirrors. Chip mounting can be done with a commercial fineplacer using semi-active automatic alignment. Micro-strip lines with impedances adapted to both laser and photodiode are fabricated on the basis of the PLC films. The polymer motherboard integration scheme offers compact transceiver optical subassemblies and lends itself favourably to highly automized, low cost manufacturing with high yield. Extended functionalities like loss of light alarm or concepts for colourless CWDM ONUs can be easily realized with this concept.


[eng] The Determinants of Primary Commodity Prices: An Econometric Analysis Gerald Collange, Francois Guillaumat-Tailliet Since the early seventies the changes in the world environment have induced major variations in the prices of primary commodities. Hence the developing countries find themselves in a state of dependance for two reasons. Not only does the main part of their export earnings come from the sale of primary products, but also their modest weight in world activity means that they are subject to the state of the world economy far more than they can exert an influence on it. This paper attempts to measure the impact of world economic fluctuations on the prices of non-oil primary commodities exported by LDC's from 1973 to 1987. Economic activity in industrial countries — the main importers of these commodities — and changes in the dollar real exchange rate, which are the principal factors underlying the demand for primary commodities, account adequately for the movements in the overall price index. Our econometric study confirms the influence of changes in interest rates on prices, through inventory holdings. The analysis of the main commodity groups provides good results for the prices of agricultural raw materials and metals, which are both very sensitive to changes in demand, but the estimation results for the prices of food and beverages are not satisfactory, these commodities depending much more on supply-side factors. [fre] Depuis le debut des annees soixante-dix les changements de l'environnement international ont provoque d'amples variations des prix des matieres premieres. Les pays en developpement se retrouvent ainsi doublement en situation de dependance : non seulement parce qu'une partie importante de leurs recettes d'exportations provient de la vente de produits primaires, mais encore parce qu'ils subissent la conjoncture mondiale plus qu'ils ne l'influencent en raison de leur poids modere dans l'activite totale. Nous avons tente de mesurer l'impact des fluctuations de l'economie mondiale sur les cours des biens primaires non petroliers exportes par les PVD de 1973 a 1987. L'activite economique des pays industriels — principaux importateurs de ces produits — et les variations du taux de change reel du dollar, qui sont les determinants essentiels de la demande de produits primaires, rendent compte de maniere satisfaisante de l'evolution de l'indice general des prix. L'influence de la variation des taux d'interet sur les prix, via les comportements de stockage, est confirmee par l'etude econometrique. L'analyse par grandes categories de produits primaires donne de bons resultats concernant le prix des matieres premieres agricoles et minieres, tres sensible aux evolutions de la demande, alors que les estimations faites sur le prix des produits alimentaires ne sont pas satisfaisantes, ces produits dependant davantage des conditions de l'offre.


Electroless deposition is an applicable and ideal method to prepare uniform and fine nanocrystalline membranes. Process formula of nanocrystalline Co-P alloy electroless deposition was optimized by orthogonal test. The influences of five factors such as CoSO_4·7H_2O, NaH_2PO_2·H_2O, Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O, H_3BO_3 and temperature as well as loadfactor of copper foil and deposition time on deposition rate were investigated. The optimum formula was composed of 0.06~(0.12 mol/L) CoSO_4·7H_2O, 0.40~0.55 mol/L NaH_2PO_2·H_2O,0.15~0.3 mol/L Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O,0.3~0.6 mol/L H_3BO_3, 50~80 ℃ and loadfactor of 0.4~0.8 dm~2/L.


New restits from ARGUS on r physics are presented: the m~urement of the r mass and the measurement of the decay r+ p-VT. The irnpfications on lepton university, v, mass, structure of the wed interaction and the v, spin w~ be discussed. Introduction A rich field of physics is accessible to detectors tding data at e+estorage rings which operate in the center-of-mass energy range corresponding to the T resonance mmses (DORIS II, CESR). A large fraction of the research efforts is devoted to the study of the r lepton and its associated neutrino, VT. The detector ARGUS at the DORIS II storage ring started to mntribute to the field of ~ physics as early as 1985. Since then, a large number of analyses have been performed. In this article I report in detail on two recent measurements: 1) the me~urement of the r mass and 2) the measurement of the decay ~~ pVT! In addition, I report briefly on three other recent measurements: 1. The search for neutrinoless r decays. Upper limits on branching ratios for six neutrinoless leptonic, 16 semileptonic, two radiativ~leptonic, two radiativehadronic and three purely hadronic ~ decays have been determined.1 The results are listed in Table 1 where they me compared to pFevious measurements. 2. Me~urement d exclusive one-prong branching rations:~e = ({7.3 A0.4~0.5)%, B,= (17.2 + 0.4+ 0.5)% and Bh = (11.7+ 0.6+ 0.8)%.6 The topological three-prong branching ratio B3 h= been extracted using the leptonic decays as reference: B3 = (13.3 + 0.3 + 0.8)%. 3. The measurement of the decay ~+ rr+m+r-vr.' The r decay into three charged pions is dominantly mediated by the decay 7~ a; v, with the 7Wpr=enting the ARGUS Co~aboratioq supported by the German Bundwministerium fiir Forschungund Te&noIogieunder contract number 054D051P~ tfiferenca in this article to a specificcharged state also imply the charge conjugate state.