T earliest serious study of the possibility of utilizing nonequilibrium ionization in MHD generators was carried out by Karlowitz and Halasz at the Westinghouse Research Laboratories between 1938 and 1947. It was originally oriented to the development of a generator that could use combustion products at moderate temperatures. The study was terminated when it was realized that recombination rates in molecular gases were too high to permit useful electron densities to be developed. It was concluded, however, that nonequilibrium ionization might be feasible in the atomic working gases that can be used with a nuclear reactor. This work was reviewed by Karlowitz in 1962. With recent developments in nuclear reactor technology, there is now renewed interest in nuclear-powered MHD generators. The temperature range, which is likely to be accessible with reactors and also desirable thermodynamically, is from about 1500° to 2000° K. It seems likely that cycles with over-all efficiencies between 0.50 and 0.60 can be evolved with such maximum temperatures. The requirements of the reactor and the generator together dictate that the pressure in the generator be between 1 and perhaps 10 atm, if the working fluid is argon and the magnetic field is limited to, say, 20,000 gauss. With the development of large superconducting magnets, it may be possible to raise these pressures by a factor of 5. It is likely that the inert gas will be seeded with a fraction of a percent of cesium. Since 1960, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of such plasmas. It began with small-scale studies of the behavior of the plasma, and has only recently advanced to the study of complete generators, the point at which Karlowitz and Halasz left off. The purpose of this article is to review this work and to summarize the current understanding of nonequilibrium ionization, as applied to MHD power generation. This is an important qualification, since the literature of nonequilibrium ionization taken in the broad sense is vast indeed. It includes the literature of gas-discharge physics and low-density plasma physics. As we shall show, however, the nonequilibrium plasmas of interest in MHD power generation are much simpler than those of lower density. The essential point is that the behavior of the high-density plasma is controlled by volumetric phenomena, not by surface phenomena. This distinguishes it particularly from the glow-discharge plasmas so thoroughly studied in the past. There are a number of ways of producing a homogeneous plasma with nonequilibrium ionization. To name a few: there are the methods of photoionization, electron-beam ionization, radio-frequency excitation, radioactive decay, and, finally, nonequilibrium ionization due to (d.c.) Joule heating. It is the last of these methods which will occupy most of the present discussion. Many of the conclusions to be drawn, however, can be extended to the other methods. This follows from the fact, to be demonstrated below, that the general question of the feasibility of producing nonequilibrium ionization can be separated into two fairly distinct parts. There is first the question of the behavior of the nonequilibrium plasma, given that a certain input power is provided to maintain the electrons out of equilibrium with the gas. The question can be posed as follows: 1) What is the connection between the local electrical conductivity of the gas and the local (dissipative) pbwer density? We do not have a detailed theoretical answer to this question, which is very complex, but we do have a completely satisfactory engineering answer, which applies to most of the methods of ionization mentioned previously. The second question is as follows: 2) Can the local (dissipative) power density and gas composition be so chosen in a practical MHD generator configuration as to satisfy the conditions required to produce nonequilibrium ionization? This second question is in many ways more complex and difficult than the first, and the problem is different for each of the ionization schemes mentioned previously. We are certainly farther from having a satisfactory answer, although recent progress in the application of the scheme utilizing the natural d.c. Joule heating of the electrons is encouraging. The following discussion will be divided into two parts, The first, entitled "Nonequilibrium Plasma Behavior," will deal with question 1; the second, entitled "Generator Characteristics," will deal with question 2. Most of the discussion will apply to alkali-metal seeded noble gases, since these have received the greatest attention. Some work has been done on wet alkali-metal vapors, however, and these results will be mentioned briefly. A serious attempt has been made to ensure that the discussion is correct both historically and technically. The


Using the sample of mutual funds from December 2002 to November 2007,this article constructs winners' and losers' portfolio of Jegadeesh and Titman to do persistence analysis.We find that there is dissipating persistence of mutual fund in China.And the excess profit of relative strength strategy is due to their high systematic-risk and delayed price reactions to information.It is suggested that mutual fund market is not a weak-form efficient market,and four-factor model is a better choice of evaluating the performance of mutual funds.


The paper is the first to analyze the democratic legitimation of investment arbitration tribunals, which is often discussed in public but not yet fully researched. Initially, the content of the FET clauses is conclusively examined on the basis of the decisions of the arbitral tribunals. This is followed by an examination of how Germany could be bound by an investment arbitration award and what constitutional consequences follow from this. After considering the relevance under constitutional law and the implications for the Right to Regulate, it is determined what degree of democratic legitimacy the arbitral tribunals have and whether this satisfies the principle of democracy.


Biomedical image analysis is very relevant to public health and welfare. Deep learning is quickly growing and has shown enhanced performance in medical applications. It has also been widely extended in academia and industry. The utilization of various deep learning methods on medical imaging endeavours to create systems that can help in the identification of disease and the automation of interpreting biomedical images to help treatment planning. New advancements in machine learning are primarily about deep learning employed for identifying, classifying, and quantifying patterns in images in the medical field. Deep learning, a more precise convolutional neural network has given excellent performance over machine learning in solving visual problems. This chapter summarizes a review of different deep learning techniques used and how they are applied in medical image interpretation and future directions.


Traditional random-walk particle-tracking (PT) models of advection and dispersion do not track entropy, because particle masses remain constant. Newer mass-transfer particle tracking (MTPT) models have the ability to do so because masses of all compounds may change along trajectories. Additionally, the probability mass functions (PMF) of these MTPT models may be compared to continuous solutions with probability density functions, when a consistent definition of entropy (or similarly, the dilution index) is constructed. This definition reveals that every numerical model incurs a computational entropy. Similar to Akaike's entropic penalty for larger numbers of adjustable parameters, the computational complexity of a model (e.g., number of nodes) adds to the entropy and, as such, must be penalized. The MTPT method can use a particle-collision based kernel or an SPH-derived adaptive kernel. The latter is more representative of a locally well-mixed system (i.e., one in which the dispersion tensor equally represents mixing and solute spreading), while the former better represents the separate processes of mixing versus spreading. We use computational means to demonstrate the viability of each of these methods.


The aim of this research to determine the effect of the pedagogical and teachers' personality competencies on the formation of loving-kindness character among Buddhist junior high school students in Temanggung regency. The research method used ex post facto. The research samples totaling 156 students taken by simple random sampling. The data collection used questionnaires. The validity instrument is calculated using product moment formula and the reliability test uses Alpa Cronbach formula. Data research was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the research showed there was a significant influence in the formation of loving-kindness character among junior high school Buddhist students in Temanggung regency through pedagogical competence and personality of the teacher. This is indicated by sig value. 0,00 < 0,05. The magnitude contribution pedagogical competence and teacher's personality to the formation of loving-kindness is 20,8% and the regression line equation is Y = 14.588 + 0.476 X1 + 0.424 X2.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian guru terhadap pembentukan karakter cinta kasih peserta didik Buddhis SMP di Kabupaten Temanggung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ex-post facto. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 156 peserta didik yang diambil dengan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket. Validitas instrumen dihitung menggunakan rumus product moment dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan rumus Alpa Cronbach. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pembentukan karakter cinta kasih peserta didik Buddhis SMP di Kabupaten Temanggung melalui kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian guru. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai sig. 0,00 < 0,05. Besarnya sumbangan dari kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian guru terhadap pembentukan karakter cinta kasih sebesar 20,8% dan persamaan garis regresinya Y = 14,588 + 0,476 X1 + 0,424 X2.


Abstract The surfaces of semiconductor single crystals were observed using a scanning electron microscope after bombardment at normal incidence at room temperature with doses between 0.5 × 1018 and 3 × 1018 of 40 keV argon ions/cm2. The usual topography of the sputtered surface and the perturbing effects of dirt and contamination are reported, and observations of the variation of topography with dose are reported for GaAs. An explanation for the features observed is discussed with particular reference to current models of cone formation and secondary processes such as flux enhancement at the foot of steep slopes. The behaviour of Si, Ge, GaAs and InP was consistent with an amorphous surface. In the case of CdTe, CdS and GaP it appeared that the crystal structure was retained resulting in a topography of the sputtered surface that is sensitive to orientation. InSb appears to undergo a chemical change during ion bombardment.


Disassemblers generally assume that assembly language instructions do not overlap, therefore, an obvious obfuscation against such disassemblers is to overlap instructions. This is difficult to implement, however, as the number of instructions existing in a program which can be overlapped are typically very few. We propose a modification of instruction overlapping which instead embeds the hexadecimal representation of an instruction in the memory offset and immediate operand of an inserted instruction. We implement a obfuscator which is capable of embedding a limited number of instructions and find that it is able to hide 23% of an X86 assembly program's total instructions on average. This is significantly higher than results reported by past works using standard instruction overlapping obfuscations which were only able to hide 1% of instructions.


Gallium-doped zinc oxide thin films were prepared on glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering under various hydrogen contents in sputtering ambient. The carrier concentration of the films deposited at low-temperatures (80 and 160 °C) was increased due to the incorporation of hydrogen atoms, acting as shallow donors. A low resistivity of 4.0×10−4 Ω cm was obtained for the film grown at 160 °C with H2 10%, which has a carrier concentration of 8.2×1020/cm3. The beneficial effect of hydrogen doping was not observed for the films deposited at 270 °C. Both carrier concentration and mobility were decreased by the addition of hydrogen gas in the sputtering ambient. Variations in the electrical transport properties upon vacuum annealing showed that the difference is attributed to the thermal stability of interstitial hydrogen atoms in the films. The hydrogen incorporation was found to induce the lattice expansion and the free carrier absorption in near infrared range. The investigation of the structural and opt...


A visual evaluation of vegetables and fruits helps classify tasks in handling the agricultural product quality. For this, the grey oyster mushroom requires attention for having a smart grading system for helping the agricultural farmers to ease their job in grading them before transporting mushrooms to a supermarket. Mainly in Malaysia, Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) is an agricultural organization that proposed a categorical type for grey oyster mushrooms; premier, grades 1, 2, and 3 based on mushroom's size, color, pattern, and damage condition. Manual eye observation is still conducted in this traditional classification for grey oyster mushrooms. Even though most research works are conducted with the inter-class task for a bigger group of mushroom classification, the intra-class mushroom study is still limited and needs attention, which compares the available image to a smaller level or class. In this paper, intra-class classification, image processing, and deep learning are utilized, with an introduction of grey oyster mushroom classification using CNN as our classification engine is proposed. Here, it is necessary to evaluate the grading system traditionally conducted manually by farmers based on the FAMA guidance. The study also aims to design a grey oyster mushroom classification network model. The VGG16 pre-trained network model will be studied and utilized in this study. This study's results should introduce systematic training, testing, and evaluation for grey oyster mushroom classification for agricultural activities by evaluating the range of possible design solutions utilizing machine learning by a new arrangement of mushroom dataset images. Thus, the research performed a comparative and reliable classification accuracy, although the study is still mid-way to accomplishing the full research target, ready with a smart mushroom grading system for the agricultural factory.


Abstract Since 1995, the Northern British Columbia (NBC) troll fishery has been managed to reduce exploitation on stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the West Coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI). Before 2002, management actions in the NBC troll fishery were generally large-scale quota reductions and area closures that resulted in substantially reduced catches of Chinook salmon relative to the existing quota. Since 2002, in-season microsatellite-based stock identification has been used to address WCVI Chinook salmon management in the NBC troll fishery. The change in management strategy has resulted in increased quota utilization and increased catches of approximately 390,000 fish during 2002–2005. The increased catch in the fishery was concurrent with average fishing mortality on the main WCVI hatchery indicator stock declining from an average 3.3% during the era of reduced catches (1995–2001) to 2.3% since 2002, when in-season, microsatellite-based stock identification was applied to guide...


Rotating detonation engines (RDEs), also known as continuous detonation engines, have gained much worldwide interest lately. Such engines have huge potential benefits arising from their simplicity of design and manufacture, lack of moving parts, high thermodynamic efficiency and high rate of energy conversion that may be even more superior than pulse detonation engines, themselves the subject of great interest. However, due to the novelty of the concept, substantial work remains to demonstrate feasibility and bring the RDE to reality. An assessment of the challenges, ranging from understanding basic physics through utilizing rotating detonations in aerospace platforms, is provided.


Thermal oxides were grown on n-type 6H-SiC(0001) at 1100 °C for 2 hrs in a wet oxygen ambient after the substrates were cleaned using the complete RCA cleaning process. Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diodes were then fabricated and subsequently cleaned under different annealing conditions, including re-oxidation-, NO-, and forming gas (10% H 2 + 90% N 2 )-annealing at 950 °C for one hour. Measurements of the interface state densities (D it ) at room temperature showed that post oxidation annealing (POA) reduced the D it values to a varying degree depending on the specific annealing condition. Annealing in NO and forming gas resulted in the largest reduction in D it values. Oxides were grown at 950, 1100, and 1250 °C for varying amounts of time without receiving POA. A non-stoichiometric (Si x C, x>1) transition layer adjacent to the SiO 2 /SiC interface has been observed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The thickness of this layer was found to increase with oxidation temperature and was not observed at all for a thin oxide grown at 950 °C. The D it values (close to the conduction band) for diodes with oxides grown at 950°C without POA were lower than the D it values for the samples oxidized at 1100 °C with any of the POA treatments. While the thickness of the transition layer was found to be dependent on temperature, our results indicate that it is independent of oxide thickness. This transition layer may be associated with the high D it values and low channel mobilities for SiC MOSFETs.


Final preparations are underway to test global SAW tag (GST) RFID technology for tracking assets aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This will be the first test of RFID technology on ISS. It is planned for early 2008 by the Expedition 16 crew. It will evaluate the ability of SAW RFID to track consumable items while packed in standard crew bags. The GST system was selected based on its signal penetration ability and its anti-collision capabilities that allow reliable detection of tags even when placed on, behind, and between items with high liquid and metal content in randomly packed crew bags. Substantial savings of highly-valuable crew time is projected with corresponding improvements in ISS crew productivity.


This article examines problems concerning the introduction and future implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in libraries. First, some important conceptual distinctions and definitions are made concerning the scientific nature of EBP, the nature of the evidence movement and how the concept has been adopted and transformed when entering the library sector. It is shown that the approach of the library sector towards EBP in certain respects has been quite different from other societal sectors. Then the discussions about the more controversial aspects of EBP are reviewed, primarily based on experiences from Denmark. Here, it is shown that resistance towards EBP is based both on misunderstandings and on concern for values such as professional autonomy. Among the results, is an examination of how Danish library directors see the relationship between striving for innovation and creativity and EBP. The purpose of this article is both to qualify existing scepticism and reservation and – maybe – to clarify misunderstandings and objections through the presentation of arguments and data.


This letter presents a compact dual-band shared-aperture linear antenna array with a large frequency ratio for broadband antenna system applications. The tapered slot antenna (TSA) and dipoles are chosen and combined to achieve shared aperture. And a 12-element antenna array is designed to obtain dual-broadband properties. Base on VSWR < 2 criteria, broad bandwidth of 123.5% (1.3 – 5.5 GHz) and 20.5% (30.2 – 37.1 GHz) are obtained for TSA and dipoles respectively. The dual-band antenna has a high design freedom for each band, and a large frequency ratio can be achieved easily with a compact size.


The main objective of this research was to determine the dimensions of service quality in the banking industry of Iran. For this purpose, the study empirically examined the European perspective suggesting that service quality consists of three dimensions, technical, functional and image. This research is an applied research and its strategy is casual strategy. A standard questionnaire was used for collecting the data. 287 customers of Melli Bank of Northwest were selected through cluster sampling and were studied. The results from a banking service sample revealed that the overall service quality is influenced more by a consumer's perception of technical quality than functional quality. So, the Gronroos model is a more appropriate representation of service quality than the American perspective with its limited concentration on the dimension of functional quality in the banking industry of Iran .So, knowing the key dimensions of the quality of services in this industry and planning for their improvement can increase the satisfaction of customers and productivity of this industry.


This paper investigates a burrowing robot that can maneuver and steer while being submerged in a granular medium. The robot locomotes using an internal vibro-impact mechanism and steers using a rotating bevel-tip head. We formulate and investigate a non-holonomic model for the steering mechanism and a hybrid dynamics model for the thrusting mechanism. We perform a numerical analysis of the dynamics of the robot's thrusting mechanism using a simplified, orientation and depth dependent model for the drag forces acting on the robot. We first show, in simulation, that by carefully tuning various control input parameters, the thrusting mechanism can drive the robot both forward and backward. We present several experiments designed to evaluate and verify the simulative results using a proof-of-concept robot. We show that different input amplitudes indeed affect the direction of motion, as suggested by the simulation. We further demonstrate the ability of the robot to perform a simple S-shaped trajectory. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the robot's design and fidelity of the model.


The present investigation was designed to isolate and characterize of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri bacteria in Citrus aurantifolia canker disease and evaluation of its antibiotic susceptibility, antibacterial sensitivity and antagonistic activity. Isolated bacterium was characterized by different biochemical test method. Isolated bacterium was found to be gram negative, small size, rod shaped, motile and pink in color. The biochemical tests showed catalase positive, glucose fermenting, lactose non-fermenting and urease test negative. The antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial sensitivity and antagonistic activity were determined by disc diffusion method. Gentamycin showed highest 21.0±0.0mm diameter of zone of inhibition against the isolated bacteria. Allium sativum extract showed highest 19.9±0.4mm diameter of zone of inhibition against the isolated bacteria. The highest antagonistic activity was found to be 17.4±0.3mm diameter of zone of inhibition by soil borne bacteria X against the isolated bacteria. The present study would be helpful for biological control of canker disease.


The retailing industry traditionally considers the optimal products selection and pricing problem, a complex and challenging one, from marketing and consumer behavior's perspectives. In this study, we take a risk perspective and offer an alternative solution to tackling the problem, echoing the most recent literature that looks at nonrisk aspects, such as expected consumer preference, market size and predicted profitability. Adopting a mean-variance framework, our approach explicitly takes into account the interconnectedness of retail products and their impact on risk at the portfolio (retailer) level. Extending the analysis to multiplechannel decisions, our results suggest that the introduction of a new retailing channel (e.g. online shops) can reduce the portfolio risk, whereas a lack of synergy between the new channel and the existing ones may lead to a negative impact on the overall performance. We also provide managerial implications on several conditions when retailers are more economically inclined to introduce more retail channels. Interestingly, our model indicates that larger retailers are less likely to expand their


This thesis is a public investment project for the improvement of road infrastructure in the municipal urban qualification district of La Victoria Chiclayo Lambayeque. As a central research problem we have raised if it will be feasible implementation of public investment project for the improvement of road infrastructure in the municipal district urban qualification victory. Also we have set a target to achieve to solve the problem, it is based on obtaining adequate conditions of vehicular, pedestrian and efficient maintenance of the ornament in the study area transitabilidad so the survey was used as primary sources and observation, with in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. These surveys were applied to the holders of the object of study. Among the main findings of this project the beneficiary population coming to 1,038 inhabitants, on the other hand to estimate how much is the variation of axis of this project, we can see through the flow of incremental costs at market prices and highlights social prices for both alternatives resulting cost effectiveness by villager of 948.93 soles, this being a favorable outcome for viability. Finally, we mention that the project is viable according to the results from the point of social, environmental, and sustainability analysis of economic indicators of cost effectiveness; to be just the project be fulfilling social development because everyone wants to live according to their values and aspirations will, being for them the road infrastructure is a need for great value.


Objectives: The role for electric axial flow pump as LVADs has been established, but data to analysis their temperature mechanism are limited. We recently proposed a new axial blood pump—ventricular apex axial pump and this study evaluated the impact of stator on the temperature increase in the micro axial pump. Methods: The prototype of the new device were fabricated and different coil and ferromagnet of the coil core were tested to evaluate their impact on the pump temperature. The prototype measuring 20.6 mm in diameter by 65 mm long, has a displacement volume of 30 ml, and can deliver flow of 5 L/min against 100 mmHg afterload. Three core made of soft iron, steel plate of 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm in thickness respectively were tested. The prototype of the axial pump was mounted on a mock circulation and observed under a working state of 100 mmHg after-load and 5L/min flow rate. Results: The surface temperature of the prototype pump, stable after about 20 minutes working, were recorded. The temperature of the prototype pump with soft iron, steel plate of 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm in thickness were 65.4±0.73?C, 52.5±0.65?C and 44.6±0.46?C respectively. Also ,two types of coil wire, each of 0.14 mm and 0.20mm in dianmter, were tested and there were no singnificant deffrence impact on pump temperature. Conclusions: Stator energy consumption play a primary role in pump temperature increase and the reduction of this consumption will be an important amelioration for lowering pump temperature.


We report herein the development of a self-assembly method to rapidly produce cell-like, filamentous microcapsules (MCs) that have high surface area and encapsulate liquids or gels. The fibrous surfaces and shell walls of the MCs can be biologically functionalized using bioactive peptide amphi-philes (PAs), and the cores can harbor biopolymers, proteins, and other macromolecules. This novel method combines the spray-based production of nebulized biopolymer microdrop-lets [1, 2] with the recently reported ultrafast self-assembly of oppositely charged, high-molecular-weight biopolymers and PAs. [3–5] There are numerous techniques available for micro-capsule formation such as interfacial coacervation or inter-facial polycondensation, [6] layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectro-lyte complexation and colloid-templated self-assembly, [7–13] emulsification with polymer phase separation, [14–17] spray-drying methods, [18–20] and microfluidic emulsion droplet formation. [21–24] The advantage of the method reported herein is the combination of a self-assembly process that leads to structural complexity with the very broad range of bioactivity offered by peptide amphiphiles. The bioactive filament-forming PAs are composed of a hydrophobic alkyl tail, and a b-sheet-forming peptide domain, followed by peptide sequences with charged amino acids or bioactive epitopes that can either bind to receptors or to specific proteins by design (Figure 1 A). [25–29] These molecules assemble into high-aspect-ratio filaments upon electrostatic screening of the charged amino acids and the formation of b sheets. Hydrophobic collapse of these filament-forming molecules under strong screening conditions leads to the display of a high density of biological signals on their surfaces (on the order of 10 15 signals per cm 2). [25] In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that certain PA molecules that bear bioactive epitopes promote regeneration of spinal cord axons, angiogenesis, bone regeneration, cartilage repair, proliferation of bone marrow cells, and selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons. [25, 26, 28–33] We previously demonstrated that solutions of PAs and oppositely charged biopolymers can self-assemble at the liquid–liquid interface to form hierarchically structured membranes that can be permeable to proteins to produce saclike structures on the macroscale with millisecond speeds (with size scales of millimeters). [3–5] The shells of these sacs are highly structured and their surfaces are fully covered with nanoscale filaments. We have modified this approach for the production of filamentous MCs less than 100 mm in diameter (Figure 1 C). These micrometer-scale objects could be created with highly bioactive properties, high surface area, and dimensions approaching those of cells. The first step in the MC formation requires …


---------------------, Growth ofeight container-grown red maple cultivars was evaluated at four locations under dissimilar environmental conditionslhardiness zones in Georgia and Alabama for two years. Rooted cuttings and tissue cultured plantlets were planted in #3 (9.1 liter) containers in one location in the same substrate in April 1995. Trees were transported the second week of June to Blairsville, GA; Muscle Shoals, ~; AUbu~, AL; and Tifton, GA in USDA hardiness zones 6b, 7a, 8a, and 8a, respectively. Dormant trees were transplanted to #10 (38 hter) contaIners the second week of December 1995. At the conclusion of the study, December 1996, growth differed by location and cultivar. Height and stem diameter increase, and root and stem dry weights were greatest at the two Alabama locations for most ~ultivars and were least at the two Georgia locations. Rootshoot ratios were greatest at the two Georgia locations, an indication of Increased carbon partitioning of photoassimilates to roots over stems under dryer growing conditions. Irrigation rates and different environmental conditions among locations have a significant impact on growth response of container-grown red maple cultivars. Species this study: L.); red nationwide. This study demonstrates that differences in temperature and substrate moisture levels (irrigation and rainfall) consequently impact total growth of red maple cul tivars over a 2-year period in containers using typical pro duction practices. Greater overall growth across cultivars at the Alabama locations, compared to the Georgia locations, is attributed to non-limiting irrigation at the Alabama loca tions during the greatest period of growth. Of the eight culti vars tested, 'Franksred' demonstrated the greatest adaptabil ity to environmental conditions across all four locations. The new cultivars 'Celzam' and 'Olson' appear to be well adapted to container production in the southeastern United States, whereas 'Landsburg' was deemed not suitable.


The larger and more complex a relation data base, the more efficient the data base management system must be to maintain an acceptable level of performance. The design and implementation of IBM Database 2 (DB2) have been aimed toward this objective. Techniques for achieving this key objective in DB2 are the subject of this paper. Presented are performance-related strategies in query processing and performance-related design tradeoffs. Data base and application design options and their resolution for optimum performance are also discussed. Also presented are techniques to maintain performance by application monitoring and tuning and DB2 system tuning.


The countries of the Indochinese peninsula think that the Mekong River is a shared resource that must be managed through cooperation between countries. However, because many countries exploit the resources in the Mekong River, it triggers an increase in environmental degradation. This phenomenon has prompted the establishment of the 1995 Mekong Agreement and the Mekong River Commission (MRC) which aims to agree on cooperation in sustainable development, conservation, and management of resources in river areas. However, as an upstream country, China did not want to join the Mekong River Commission. In fact, China initiated a new collaboration called the Lancang Mekong Cooperation Mechanism (LMCM) in 2016. In the concrete, China has implemented a mega dam construction project which is considered to be a contributor to environmental degradation. By utilizing Garret Hardin's (1968) views on the tragedy of the commons, this paper analyses the challenges, collective actions and efforts of countries in the Mekong River region in overcoming river management and the sources of the tragedy of the commons. Through several characteristics in the management of shared resources by Ostrom (1990) this paper finds that arrangements for shared resources are important to be systematically arranged by the government to prevent the tragedy of the commons. Institutions at the local level are very important to be able to develop appropriate institutional structures that are adapted to the social and economic life of the people along the Mekong River.


This study explores the role of waqf in educational development for a developing country facing economic downturn and financial scandal. It focuses on an Islamic charitable institution and gathers information from the annual report for fourteen years, commencing in 2000. Results derived through multiple regression analysis indicate that waqf-based financing has a significant positive impact on educational development in Malaysia. The present study is limited to the case of an Islamic charitable institution and thus lacks the ability to provide generalizable findings. In the event of economic instability and constant rise in educational costs, waqf has the potential to facilitate the educational needs of meritorious students by reducing their financial burden. As this is the first attempt to empirically test the proposition of past studies that waqf can serve as a secondary source of finance for educational development, this study contributes to minimizing the gaps in the previous literature.


Even though Yue-fu Poems in DaLi Period did not achieve remarkable success,they served as a strong ferment in connecting the preceding and the following periods.Yue-fu poems with conventional titles at that time began to decline,decreased in its numbers,bearing the features of being adopted into other poems.Specifically,they were written in more realistic styles,either in regulated verse or in toned verses,Moreover,Yue-fu poems with new titles increased apparently,their themes mainly consisted of three categories,aiming to carol,to chant,and to satirize,and the last was a main trend.Yue-fu poems in DaLi Period show strong influence and imitation of the previous times and one achievement worthy of mentioning is that they have left their deep mark upon Zhang ji's,Wang jian's,YuanZhen's and Bai Juyi's Yue-fu poems creation.


The Nuclear Reactor/Hydrogen Plant interface is the intermediate heat transport loop that will connect a very high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (VHTR) to a thermochemical, high-temperature electrolysis, or hybrid hydrogen production plant. A prototype plant called the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) is planned for construction and operation at the Idaho National Laboratory in the 2018-2021 timeframe, and will involve a VHTR, a high-temperature interface, and a hydrogen production plant. The interface is responsible for transporting high-temperature thermal energy from the nuclear reactor to the hydrogen production plant while protecting the nuclear plant from operational disturbances at the hydrogen plant. Development of the interface is occurring under the DOE Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI) and involves the study, design, and development of high-temperature heat exchangers, heat transport systems, materials, safety, and integrated system models. Research and development work on the system interface began in 2004 and is expected to continue at least until the start of construction of an engineering-scale demonstration plant.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between ceramide and artesunate on antifibrotic effect. Methods:The cultured hepatic stellate cells were divided into experimental group and control group,with the former including different concentrations of artesunate-treated groups and ceramide-treated groups. Cell proliferation rate was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenylterazolium bromide(MTT),cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst 33258 taining,and the cell apoptosis rate was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining while the content of ceramide(C2) in HSCs treated with artesunate was evaluated by HPLC-FLD. The means were compared using ANOVA and the two samples were compared using independent sample t test. Results:Different concentrations of artesunate and ceramide on hepatic stellate cells were significantly reduced in a dose-response and time-effect relationship(P0.01),artesunate and ceramide could induce apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells and artesunate could increase the content of ceramide in the cell culture supernatant. Conclusion:Artesunate could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells through upregulating ceramide.


Photon-assisted tunneling in a novel quantum-well (2D) to quantum-dot (OD) injection structure is investigated. Polarizationdependent spontaneous emission and optical gain spectra are shown. 02002 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (230.5590) Quantum-well devices Recently a new type of semiconductor laser using a quantum-well (QW) coupled to a single quantum-dot (QD) active layer has been demonstrated [ 1,2] with high performance such as a significantly reduced threshold current. The quantum well serves as an auxilialy collector of carriers and provides the lateral transport or distribution of the injected carriers, followed by subsequent injection into the quantum dots through a coherent resonant tunneling process [3]. This new configuration improves the carrier collection efficiency of quantum dots with inhomogeneous sizes through the auxilialy quantum well layer. Quantum Quantum ' b well dot Quasi-Fermi I_ ' Photon emissions Level Fw


Commentary on : Mishanina E, Rogozinska E, Thatthi T, et al. Use of labour induction and risk of cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 2014;186:665–73.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

Induction of labour is common, affecting up to 26% of women who give birth. Labour may be induced for a range of reasons, including maternal and fetal complications, although a proportion of inductions are performed in the absence of a recognised indication.1 Evidence-based guidelines recommend induction of labour for a range of pregnancy conditions, including post-term pregnancy.2 In most cases, a decision is made to induce labour when the balance of risk favours induction over expectant management.

There have been concerns that increasing rates of induction of labour may be contributing to higher rates of caesarean section. However, recent evidence suggests that this may not be the case.3–5 To date …

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We propose a scheme for frequency-resolved single-shot spectroscopy with an echelon mirror. The echelon mirror is employed to generate spatially encoded time delays for the white-light continuum probe beam; it produces a temporal step of 66 fs and an overall time delay of 33 ps. We demonstrate broadband pump–probe imaging spectroscopy and present time–frequency two-dimensional images of the transient absorption of β-carotene between 420 and 630 nm with single-shot detection. The results show that this technique is a powerful tool for observing the ultrafast, broadband transient dynamics of materials that exhibit irreversible reactions or deterioration by laser pulse irradiation.


The applicability of signal-error feedforward is usually restricted, owing to the output signal adder that is required. A quasifeedforward configuration is presented here which extends the improvement obtained by feedforward to this output adder. A practical example is given with the numerical results that were obtained.


This paper proposes an analytical method, based on a framework that integrates the concepts of Supply Chain Management and Cost Management Systems, to study and restructure Brazilian agricultural supply chains. Using systemic reasoning and the system dynamics (SD) approach, the proposed method was applied to Brazil's dairy sector to quantitatively analyze the performance of organizational and technical configurations of the sector's economic agents. A network of companies in Brazil's dairy supply chain was defined in terms of an SD model, which indicated that the impact of actions on the agents' production costs can be forecasted before such actions are taken, conferring greater consistency on the study. The network consisted of four representative groups of rural producers and a dairy company. Input data were based on a network operating in the central region of the state of Sao Paulo. The proposed method also proved highly applicable as a management tool in the reformulation of public and/or private policies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of economic and productive systems (agricultural supply chains).


The nasal parts of the adult cat retina were photocoagulated. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) the projection of the remaining innervation was shown by anterograde transport of 3H‐proline after eye injections. The neuronal activity was measured from single cells across the border region between innervated and deafferented parts of layer A of the dLGN contralateral to the lesions. A gradual decrease from normal light‐excitability to total inexcitability was observed over a range of 300 μm. The perikaryal cell sizes measured in the same part of the dLGN displayed a concomitant decrease. Blockage of the afferent impulses by chronic application of tetrodotoxin did not change the results, suggesting that it is the loss of connections, not the loss of activity, that produces the transneuronal atrophy in the adult cat dLGN.


The current personal income tax did not achieve its functional orientation, and also there are many proplems,such as uncoordinated system ,weak collection and management of work and double taxation.Therefore, it must be reformed in a mixed-type personal income tax system, expand the scope of levy, ptimize the tax rate structure, standardize expense deduction,lighten off double taxation;and promote personal credit system,strengthen construction of the national tax information network system.


Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important food crop of the developing world. It provides up to two thirds of calories for more than two billion people in Asia. Unfortunately, this crop is threatened by several biotic and abiotic stresses. The improvement of rice to these stresses is of great importance. In vitro selection of favourable somaclonal variants from callus culture is a supplementary tool to traditional breeding for production of stress-resistant plants in rice. The introduction of a given genotype in in vitro selection programme depends on its aptitude to in vitro culture, callus induction and definitely on plant regeneration.


The article discusses an approach to solving the problem of the structural construction of software by the example of intelligent humidity sensor, which represents an information-measuring system (IMS). The optimal structure of positioning of the developed algorithms used by IMS modules has been defined. The target function is the aggregate function of the intercom feature system that was maximized. In order to design the system with the required properties, we introduced the following limitations: on the single shot inclusion of algorithm in to set of program modules, duplication of memory by the information element, the complexity of the data interface between the individual modules. The solution to the problem was found using genetic algorithms. A similar approach was used for the design of software both of data measuring and data control systems. The possibility of practical solution to the problems of structural construction are given in the theory of complexity of problems of selection, which show that the problem of even moderate size belongs to the class of NP-complete problems, which can be solved only approximately [3]. Therefore, most practical problems of structural construction can be solved using approximate (or heuristic) methods. These methods don't guarantee an optimal solution, but they lead to results that are close to optimal, with an acceptable expense of computing resources. Let's consider the structural construction of the software on the example of small Information-Measuring System (IMS) – an Intelligent Humidity Sensor (IHS). IHS allows indirect measurement of moisture of the material directly in the drying process in real time [1]. At the core of the functioning of IHS are neural networks. An important step in designing IHS is creating of software systems that allows information-measuring system to have the following properties: loose coupling of elements (decomposition should be done such a way that the flow of information through the communication was minimal); testability (the ability to determine whether the proper functioning), diagnosability (the possibility of finding faults), ease of maintenance and operation (the minimal requirements to qualification of personnel), protection from unauthorized access, efficiency (economic efficiency in the operation), modifiability, functional extensibility, the ability to change the configuration, the


Stable PhC7H isomers may be formed by deprotonation of diphenylmethane, phenylcycloheptatriene and 7-phenylnorbornadiene. Each species has a characteristic fragmentation pattern—the elucidation of which is aided by deuterium-labelling studies. There is no evidence of interconversion of the three species.


Three regression models for ordinal data, those of Fienberg, McCullagh, and Anderson, are applied to an analysis of kidney function among transplant recipients. The conclusions arising from each model are presented and contrasted.

On applique trois modeles de regression pour des donnees ordinales afin d'analyser le fonctionnement du rein chez des personnes qui ont re¸u une greffe renale. Les trois modeles considered sont, respectivement, le modele de Fienberg, de McCullagh et de Anderson. Les conclusions auxquelles on arrive a partir de chaque modele sont presentees et comparees.


* This article is a report on the concepts and methods that have guided the construction of large-scale educational tests for several purposes. It starts with precedents for evaluation criteria and the methodology to construct criteria tests. The article highlights the relevance of the definition of the domain to be evaluated, and the establishment of standards that allow differential levels of competence in this domain. To do so, the methods developed are reviewed as well as the current tendencies. It concludes with a reflection about the importance of establishing research lines that guaranty the reliability and validity of these tests, so it can be ensured that the inferences that are made from the results are useful as quality learning indicators and as a support for improving decisions, which are the reason these tests were designed.


Looks at cultural divides — such as where the French take their dogs with them to restaurants, dining at the table with their owners and in some Asian countries where dogs are the dinner! Highlights, in a box, 6 guidelines for offerings across cultural divides. Recounts, in another box, Euro Disney's wrong choice of a spot 20 miles from Paris instead of a site in sunny Spain!


It is shown that the ponderomotive force of a nonuniform intense neutrino beam can generate large-scale quasistationary magnetic fields in supernovae.


In this contribution higher order variational integrators are developed and their relation to Runge-Kutta methods is investigated. While it is well known that particular higher order variational integrators are equivalent to symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta methods ([1, 2]), this is not true for more generally constructed variational integrators. Based on existing results, modified schemes of Runge-Kutta integrators are derived and shown to be equivalent to a new class of higher order variational integrators which distinguishes in the dimension of the function space for approximating the solution curves compared to the integrators introduced in [1]. Conditions are derived under which both variational integrators are identical and demonstrated numerically by a simple mechanical example. All presentations rely on recently published results in [3].


It has recently been suggested that conduction-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities may operate at all radii within an intracluster medium (ICM) and profoundly affect the structure of a cluster's magnetic field. Where MHD instabilities dominate the dynamics of an ICM, they will re-orient magnetic field lines perpendicular to the temperature gradient inside a cooling core or parallel to the temperature gradient outside it. This characteristic structure of magnetic field could be probed by measurements of polarized radio emission from background sources. Motivated by this possibility we have constructed three-dimensional models of a magnetized cooling-core cluster and calculated Faraday rotation measure (RM) maps in the plane of the sky under realistic observing conditions. We compare a scenario in which magnetic field geometry is characterized by conduction-driven MHD instabilities to that where it is determined by isotropic turbulent motions. We find that future high-sensitivity spectropolarimetric measurements of RM, such as will be enabled by the Expanded Very Large Array and Square Kilometer Array, can distinguish between these two cases with plausible exposure times. Such observations will test the existence of conduction-driven MHD instabilities in dynamically relaxed cooling-core clusters. More generally, our findings imply that observations of Faraday RM should be able to discern physical mechanisms that result in qualitatively different magnetic field topologies, without a priori knowledge about the nature of the processes.


Ahmed Aqeel Rubi is a versatile in his personality and his literary representations have various perspectives. He was a well known novelist, sketch writer, poet and translator. He wrote many film songs those got popularity nationally and internationally. His songs reflect cultural heritage of our region. His poetry depicts emotional thoughts,  sufism and reality of life. His songs provoke deep thoughts of listener. This paper deals with the love stories, tragic endings and different realities presented by Ahmed Aqeel Rubi in his film songs.


The carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with production, processing and consumption. In the study, the amount of CO2 eq (Carbon dioxide equivalent) from April 2016 to April 2017 of the Empresa Asociativa Campesina Aruco, located in Copán, Honduras. The technical specifications PAS 2050: 2013 and PAS 2050-1: 2013 were used as reference for data collection and calculation. Data were collected on electricity consumption, raw materials, waste, fuel, fertilizers and agrochemicals. Calculation was performed in Excel and in the Umberto NXT CO2 software (V7.1) using IPCC emission factors and Ecoinvent data. The carbon footprint in 2016/2017 was 3.42 kg CO2 eq/kg green coffee, the highest emission came from cultivation (1.74 kg CO2 eq/kg green coffee), followed by the processing stage (1.10 kg CO2 eq / kg green coffee). The greatest impact of the carbon footprint comes from fertilizers and their emissions in the field, diesel and methane generated by coffee residue waters in the oxidation ponds. Reducing carbon emissions within the company is possible through the implementation of an energy efficiency plan, proper fertilizer use, and staff training to guide the company toward carbon neutrality certification.


In order to accurately detect gas alcohol concentration value,a new type of gas alcohol concentration detector was designed.The equipment mainlyfitted with16-bit u'nSP SPCE061A,MQ-3 gas sensor and DS18B20 digital thermometer achieves a certain degree of intelligence with function of human voice prompts and broadcast.The detector is characterized by simple hardware structure,efficient software design and high performance price ratio.The detector can be used for the brewery,food fermentation factory,warehouse and transportation security of alcohol,have a certain market prospect and practical value.This paper introduces the hardware and software design of the system.


This paper introduces a new proposal to involve uncertainties in Fuzzy Markov Chains by using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets (IT2 FS). A Type-1 Fuzzy Markov chain is an approach which uses Type-1 Fuzzy Sets (T1 FS) to describe the distributional behavior of a Discrete-Time Markov process, while the IT2 FS approach is an extension of its scope that allows to embed several T1 FS inside its Footprint of Uncertainty. In this paper, a finite state Fuzzy Markov Chain process is defined by an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy environment, finding their limiting properties and its Type-reduced behavior. To do so, two examples are provided.


uterine myomas, adenomyosis, and endometriosis following treatment by long-term oral administration of KBG. Uterine adenomyosis spontaneously occurs in humans with age and is commonly associated with hy-permenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and infertility (2). On the other hand, long-term treatment with estrogen has been known as an effective method for the induction of ade-nomyosis in mice (3—6), guinea pigs (7), rabbits (8), and monkeys (9). In recent years, we and other workers have found that an anterior pituitary grafting can induce an earlier and higher incidence of uterine adenomyosis associated with the elevation of circulating prolactin level in several strains of mice (10—17). Furthermore, the activities of thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK), i.e., DNA-synthesizing enzymes in de novo and salvage pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, respectively, were significantly increased in the pituitary-grafted uterus showing adenomyotic changes compared to the intact uterus (18). This result suggests a relationship between uterine DNA synthesis and the development of adeno-myosis. The present paper deals with the effects of KBG treatment on the spontaneous development of ade-nomyosis


Skeletal elements of the extinct family Palaelodidae have only been recorded from Australia since 1982. We describe Palaelodus pledgei n. sp. and P. wilsoni n. sp., two new species of palaelodid from Cooper Creek, and Lakes Palankarinna, Pinpa and Yanda in northern South Australia. The material differs from European species in both mensural and morphological characters and constitutes the smallest and the largest species in the genus. These species clearly belong in the genus Palaelodus, rather than Megapaloelodus, based upon the gracile nature of the elements. Palaelodus wilsoni extends the chronological range of the family to the Middle Pleistocene. Owing to differences in the European and Australian species the material is considered to be of little use in intercontinental correlation. Palaeoenvironmental factors responsible for the extinction of the Palaelodidae in Australia may be similar to those speculated for the Phoenicopteridae, namely the loss of lake full levels at the end of the Pleistocene, ...


A decade ago, a handful of molecular biologists and biochemists were observing a self-imposed moratorium on a new type of experiment. The experiments involved cloning of certain recombinant DNA molecules in host systems such as Escherichia coli . Recombinant DNA moleculesstretches of deoxyribonucleic acid from two different species linked together into a functional genetic element—already had been made. The placement of those recombinant DNA molecules into living E. coli cells where they would be expressed also had been demonstrated. But many classes of such experiments were on hold because the scientists involved realized that, quite literally, they were creating new life forms, the properties of which could not be predicted. The concerns were many. But the basic one was that an organism might be created—say an E. coli carrying tumor virus genetic material—that could cause a new disease if it somehow escaped from the laboratory. In response to those concerns, involved scientists developed experiment guid...


We consider the cointegration approach of generalized purchasing power parity to show that a necessary condition for Mercosur to be an optimum currency area is met. Yet there are still large cross-country differences as to cast doubt on the success of either monetary union or official dollarization. The PPP puzzle is also found to occur in Mercosur.


This article describes the rise and fall over a 25-year period ending in 1998 of a women's committee. It was situated within a provincial teaching federation in Canada that sought to improve the status of women within the federation and the educational system. Using qualitative research methods, a tentative model of direct and indirect influences on committee outcomes was developed. Findings suggest that the committee's demise resulted from action taken by the leadership with the approval of the membership, to contain a perceived threat to federation solidarity. The perceptual processes underlying assessments of threat require further study.


Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical signaling molecule that exists in a wide variety of organizational categories, which has significant influences on several physiological functions containing vasodilatory modulation and neurotransmitter regulation. Dysregulated production and abnormal contents of H2S are considered to be the characteristics of different types of disease occurrence; the detection and real‐time monitoring of endogenous H2S in tissues and living cells is of great significance. However, most conventional H2S detection methods still suffer from some inevitable drawbacks including low bioavailability, accuracy, and sensitivity, making them difficult to apply in visualizing endogenous H2S in vivo. Optical probes constructed with the features of fast responsive time, excellent selectivity and sensitivity, as well as noninvasive performance, providing the possibility of detecting and monitoring H2S in real‐time at the cellular and mouse levels. Such methods show the application prospect, which could avoid the defects of conventional detection approaches. Furthermore, a certain concentration of H2S can influence the therapeutic efficacy, for example, anti‐inflammation and protection against oxidative stress, during the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Because the generation of overexpressed exogenous H2S is closely tied to the tumor formation, the development of H2S‐responsive theranostic nanoplatforms is highly needed for H2S‐related tumor diagnosis and treatment. The theranostic nanoplatforms are expected to maximize therapeutic effectiveness and minimize side effects to normal tissues. In this review article, the current research progress, challenges, and future possibilities of H2S‐activatable nanoplatforms for H2S detection and malignant tumor theranostics are summarized.


Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of various tribes, cultures, and rich in diverse musical traditions, spreading from Sabang to Merauke. This archipelago music wealth must be maintained and developed continuously through various creativity and education as part of building national identity. The creativity of Indonesian composers in composing piano compositions is realized through the concept of 'new' composition which reflects things related to 'keindonesiaan'. Their composition works later became a discourse to become an integral part of Indonesian piano music education. The archipelago idiom material works can be the basis for repositioning the music education system, especially in music analysis which includes; texture, form, scale, sound color; and music practice. This paper uses two approaches to discuss composition and education; (1) historical musicology, namely studies relating to history, notation, performance practices, and instrumentation; and (2) Rationalizing Indonesian piano music education, which is related to curriculum development. Keywords—composition; piano; Indonesia; analysis


Spin-nlve heads with a narrower read-gap and thinner spin-valve film are necessary for achieving higher m p & c recording densities in harddisk drives. PdRMn with an ordered Cu-Au-I type srmcNre has B high blocking tempaature and high corrosion resistiviiy which are very attractive for spin-valve hcads[l]. However. a PdPtMn layer thidmess, twm p k r than 200A is essentially required for attaining an exchange pinning field rl, of 6lM Oe. Spiuvalves with synlhetic ferrimagnet hilayers as thc pi& layer have a higher H, and small readback amplitude aseven at very low clement height in ~nparim with a conventional spin-valve[Zl. In this p a p . we repat on lhe MR response of CoFeBKWCoFeB syutaic ferrimagnn biased spin-valve (ferri-SV) films with PdPtMn a m i f m p e r and present the success^ redunion oft-. to 8oA.


The relation between impact severity and risk of injury is a fundamental issue in terms of comparing vehicles and occupant protection systems. Normally, such risk functions would have to be based on reconstruction of crashes, limiting the possibility to generate risk functions down to individual car models. In this study, an alternative way to derive risk functions was developed and used. In the present method, risk functions were derived using matched pairs of crashes, varying mass relations in a controlled way, and generating risk versus relative change of velocity. The data used was police reported crashes in Sweden during 1994-2000. The results show that there are major differences in injury risk functions between individual car models. The results are of major importance for the development of car model safety rating and for the evaluation of new car safety technology. The method is also of importance in understanding possible scenarios of sub optimisation. In the development of vehicles there is a risk of concentration on certain crash severities instead of looking at the overall performance.


Intime, a gaswhichisintroduced intothegut approaches equilibrium withthegasinsurrounding bloodandtissues. Therateatwhichthisoccurs depends uponthepartial pressure ofthegasand several characteristics ofthemembrane. Thekinetics ofoxygenandcarbondioxide equilibrium are additionally influenced bymetabolic processes, but transfer ofnitrogen andgasesbelieved toarise exclusively within thebowelpresumably depends only ondiffusion (McIver, Redfield, andBenedict, 1926; Pogrund andSteggerda, 1948). Thus, hydrogen and methane areevolved intheintestine andappear as components ofbothbreath andflatus. However, their amountandpattern ofappearance after ingestion ofa gas-producing mealarestrikingly different. Thehydrogen content ofexpired airrises sharply aboutfive hours after eating asingle large mealofbeans andremains raised forafewhours. Peaklevels ofbreath hydrogen coincide withsubjective sensations of intestinal gasproduction. During this sameperiod, methane concentration in thebreath doesnotvaryappreciably (Calloway, 1966). Inadifferent study, itwasfoundthatthe total amountofhydrogen inflatus increases when large volumes areegested inresponse togas-producing food, while methane concentration maybe unaffected, oritmay rise orfall slightly (Kirk, 1949). Theseobservations suggest thathydrogen andmethane concentrations reflect different facets ofgasevolution ortransportation. Toclarify and quantify these relationships, we havemeasured hydrogen and methaneconcentrations simultaneously inexpired airandinrectal flatus ofmen fedaconventional bland diet withorwithout beans. Wealso investigated theeffect ofananti-foaming reagent, ilicoe, whichreputedly relieves chronic symptoms attributed tointestinal gasandbloating RiderandMoeller, 1960). Silicone issaidtoalter thesurface tension ofsmall, mucus-covered gas


The invention discloses a communication system and an awakener based on a double-channel ZigBee. The awakener comprises a ZigBee sending module and a ZigBee receiving module, wherein the ZigBee sending module can continuously send a control instruction to a low-power-consumption terminal node, so that once the low-power-consumption terminal node is awakened, data transmission can be realized, and quick awakening is realized; the ZigBee receiving module continuously intercepts frequency channels and correspondingly processes the type of data information if the data information is intercepted; and therefore, bidirectional reliable communication between the awakener and the low-power-consumption terminal node in a wireless sensor network is realized.


Polarization observables are vital for disentangling overlapping resonances in the baryon spectrum. Extensive data have been collected at Jefferson Lab in Hall B with circularly and linearly polarized tagged photon beam incident on longitudinally polarized protons provided by the Frozen Spin Target (FROST). The focus of the described work is on η photoproduction, which acts as an "isospin filter", isolating the N*(I = 1/2) resonances. Preliminary results for the double-polarization observables E and G are presented. There are currently no data on these in the world database for η photoproduction.


Lunar powder samples returned by Apollo 11 are remarkably similar in their optical properties to those measured for an area of several square kilometers surrounding Tranquillity base, suggesting a ubiquitous covering of the same material in the region. However, there are minor exceptions to the close match: the powder sample shows large polarizations and a larger opposition effect than would be expected from previous observations. In the spectrum of the lunar rock samples, we detected a strong, broad absorption at 0.92 μ and a weaker band at ≳1.8 μ, which are likely to be caused by Fe2+ in clinopyroxene. The band near one micron was absent in the powder sample (presumably because the particle sizes were too small), which suggests that the spectrophotometer may become a valuable tool in distinguishing between rocky and dusty areas on the moon.


The use of biological control agents as an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides has been much developed in line with the increasing awareness of the negative impact of the chemical pesticides. Rhizobacteria, derived from plant rhizospher which has biologically been united with its ecosystem, has the ability specifically to suppress various plant diseases. The objectives of this research was to isolate rhizobacteria from the area of the red pepper plant rhizospher and to characterization the isolate effectiveness to inhibit the growth of colony of fungal pathogen Phytophthora capsici. This study also sought to evaluate the ability of the rhizobacteria isolate in secreting an extracellular enzyme and to produce the compound of siderofor and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The result of study was form of 18 rhizobacteria isolates, 7 isolates, were very potential to act as biocontrol agents. The isolates RB1NA1, RB3SPA1, RBNA4, RBKB1, RBSPA19, RBSPA12, dan RBSPA14, were very potential to act as biocontrol agents. Rhizobacteria isolates was more effective to inhibit colony of pathogen fungi P. capsici. Kitinase was secreted by rhizobacteria RB2NA1, RBSPA2, RB2SPA1, RBNA4, RBKB1, RBSPA19, RBSPA14, and RBNA3 isolates. Almost all rizobacteria isolates produced cellulose enzymes and HCN. The result of study was in form of 18 rhizobacteria isolates, 4 isolates, produced siderofor compound by rhizobacteria RB2NA1, RBNA13, RBNA8, dan RBKBI isolates while not even 14 rhizobacteria isolate produced siderofor.


Mode-locked and single-longitudinal-mode waveguide lasers, manufactured by femtosecond laser writing in Er-Yb-doped phosphate glasses, are presented. Transform-limited 1.6-ps pulses and a cw output power exceeding 50 mW have been obtained in the two regimes.


Whole—rock Rb—Sr, zircon U—Pb and hornblende, biotite and K—feldspar K—Ar ages are used to reconstruct the cooling history of the Huangmeijian intrusion in the Anqing—Lujiang quartz—syenite belt in Anhui. Oxygen isotope geothermometry of mineral pairs demonstrates that diffusion is a dominant factor controlling the closure of isotopic systems. Assuming the cooling of the intrusion is synchronous with a dicrease in local geothermal gradients, an emplacement depth of about 8 km and the magma crystallization temperature of 800 ± 50°C are estimated. The Huangmeijian intrusion experienced a rapid cooling process and uplifted after its emplacement and crystallization at 133 Ma B.P. with a cooling rate of 34.5°C / Ma and an uplifting rate of 0.35 mm/ a. The intrusion was rising until it rested at a depth of 3 km at a temperature of 300 ± 50°C about 14 Ma later. Then the intrusion was in slow cooling and uplifting with a cooling rate of 4.4°C / Ma and an uplifting rate of 0.04 mm/ a.

U—Pb dating of pitchblende is done for the hydrothermal uranium deposit formed in the contact zone of the Huangmeijian intrusion. The result shows that the mineralization age is close to the closing time of the K—Ar system in biotite. The fluid inclusion thermometry indicates that the mineralization temperature is in agreement with the closure temperature of the biotite K—Ar system. This suggests a close relationship between the slow cooling of the intrusion and the hydrothermal uranium mineralization process.


This study compares cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and atom probe tomography. We use epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) in GaAs as an exemplary material with which to compare these two nanostructural analysis techniques. We studied the composition of the wetting layer and the QDs, and performed quantitative comparisons of the indium concentration profiles measured by each method. We show that computational models of the wetting layer and the QDs, based on experimental data, are consistent with both analytical approaches. This establishes a link between the two techniques and shows their complimentary behavior, an advantage which we exploit in order to highlight unique features of the examined QD material.


This article takes a look at best practices for keeping truck-mounted cranes running properly. Daily inspection is critical, facilitating safe operations, maximized uptime, and lowered repair costs. A 12-point checklist is presented.


Understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of an opioid drug is vital to therapeutic success, and mutations in human PK genes can drastically alter therapeutic efficacy of opioids. We observed that at 30 min post‐oxycodone administration (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) BALB/cJ mice showed a higher whole brain concentration of oxycodone, and female specific increase in noroxycodone, and oxymorphone compared to BALB/cByJ. This observation could explain the sex‐specific increase in oxycodone state‐dependent conditioned place preference in BALB/cJ female mice. To potentially link behavioral differences with PK differences, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of whole brain oxycodone and metabolite concentrations in a reduced complexity cross (RCC). Because BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ substrains differ by ~8,500 SNPs/indels, large genetic loci identified in an F2 cross are offset by a dramatic reduction in potentially causal variants. QTL mapping in 133 BALB/cJ x BALB/cByJ F2 mice (68F, 65M) revealed a single QTL on chromosome 15 associated with brain oxymorphone concentration that explained 29% of the phenotypic variance in females. Oxymorphone is a full agonist at the mu opioid receptor, with 8x the potency of oxycodone, and likely contributes to oxycodone addictive properties. Hippocampal and striatal cis‐eQTL analysis revealed genetically regulated expression of Zhx2, a transcriptional inhibitor known to harbor a private BALB/cJ retroviral insertion that dramatically reduces protein expression and leads to sex specific dysregulation of CYP450 genes within the liver. Whole brain mass spectroscopy proteomics in the parental strains corroborated these eQTL findings. We hypothesize that decreased Zhx2 expression leads to increased CYP450 expression, increased brain oxymorphone, and increased oxycodone‐induced behaviors. Interestingly, human GWAS of nicotine consumption identified a nominal association (10^‐7) with ZHX2, indicating that this transcriptional repressor could influence metabolism of multiple drugs of abuse.


This study concerns the new strength equation of concrete by ultrasonic pulse velocity test. There are not only few estimate strength equations of concrete by nondestructive test, but also many problems to apply them because of time, cost, easiness, structural damage, reliability and so on. For this study, there performed a series of test and proposed a equation as follows ;
Linear : fck = 70.57Vp - 222.9, r²=91.3%
Quadratic : fck = 19.868Vp² - 76.6Vp + 48.1, r²=91.7%
here, fc estimated compressive strength of concrete by MPa Vp : Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of concrete by km/sec.


Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze quality indices in mutants at gliadin loci developed on the basis of the common wheat cultivar Bezostaya 1. Methods. Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-electrophoresis of storage proteins were performed to check mutations. Grain quality indices (SDS sedimentation volume, grain hardness, seed plumpness, and grain protein content) were analyzed: Results. Both mutants at Gli-R1 with the intensified secalin component and with the changed mobility of the secalin component showed lower grain hardness in comparison with the respective non-mutant lines. The mutation of the allele Gli-B1b causing the absence of synthesis of the g-gliadin and the minor w-gliadin resulted in the decrease in grain hardness and in the increase in the SDS-sedimentation volume. Seeds of the Gli-B1b mutant with the absence of synthesis of the major w-gliadin were less plump and showed higher protein content than in the non-mutant line. Conclusions. The effects of mutations of the allele Gli-B1b associated with the absence of certain gliadin components and Gli-R1 mutations on grain quality indices were revealed.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, gliadins, secalins,  SDS-sedimentation, grain hardness.


The application of ultrasound and microwaves in industry are increasingly being investigated and applied in the food industry. This paper aims to show the application of ultrasound as a new method of food processing with low energy consumption and exposure time compared with traditional methods in a large spectrum of different operations (filtration, drying, crystallization etc.). The use of microwave heating is becoming more common and increasingly enhances the development of new techniques with improved food quality and shorter duration of the process. Current application of these techniques has given good results and can be used independently or as a supplement to standard operations in food processing.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to solve the reactive power adjustment and the overvoltage suppression problems in the extra high voltage (EHV) long distance grid, which often appears transient overvoltage, light load loss and other issues.

Design/methodology/approach

One 800 kV EHV magnetically saturation controllable reactor (MSCR) used self-power supply control system is designed. The structure and the working mechanism of the novel MSCR are analyzed in detail. Then the control and capacity step adjustment characteristics are obtained by experiments. The harmonic characteristic is studied by theoretical analysis and low voltage test.

Findings

To solve the problem of harmonics in the working current of nets windings, the fifth and the seventh filers are equipped between the compensation windings and the control system. The effectiveness of the harmonic suppression method is proved by simulation and experiments.

Originality/value

It proves that the 800 kV EHV MSCR design in this paper can achieve the purpose of the reactive power continuous linear adjustment, and the capacity adjustment is sensitive. After filtering, the harmonics level of the working current meets the standard of the EHV grid.


This article reviews the case of a patient who ingested ethylene glycol and who presented to hospital but refused treatment while she was assessed as having capacity. The author reviews issues surrounding the Mental Capacity Act 2005, assessment of capacity and a way forward when confronting this difficult situation.


In this paper we describe the application of two-photon microscopy (2PM) to the study of meiosis in plants. Fresh, un®xed anthers of Agapanthus umbelatus were brie ̄y incubated on a minimal medium containing the DNA  ̄uorophore DAPI. DAPI incorporation took place in about 30 min and nuclei and other DNA-containing organelles kept their  ̄uorescence for more than 24 h. Using 2PM it was possible to optically section the whole, un®xed anthers to a depth of approximately 200 mm. This was up to the mid sagital section and into the sporogenic tissue. Several meiotic ®gures were observed with unparalleled resolution. Sequences of nuclear dynamics and division were occasionally observed in the surrounding tissues and epidermal layer of cells. However we could not optimize the procedures up to the level of observing the dynamics of division on the meiotic nuclei as well. We hypothesize that either (1) meiotic cells are sensitive to the reasonably high excitation levels of infrared light needed to attain such penetration in the tissue, or (2) that our incubation procedures are not suf®ciently non-invasive for meiosis to remain unperturbed. To the best of our knowledge this is the ®rst report on direct observation of living meiotic cells in plants and establishes the potential of 2PM for intact organ research. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


A possible way to realize a PA-cell for measurements at variable temperatures is to separate the sample and the microphone chamber. In order to retain large acoustic amplification of the whole arrangement small gas volumes and resonance type acoustic cells are required. In this work we have investigated experimentally and theoretically PA cells which make use of a narrow cylindrical tube to separate the microphone from the sample. This type of construction has already been applied for low and high temperature PAS by several research groups /1,2/. The present approach proceeds from a generalized treatment of the Helmholtz resonator model which takes into acount the retardation effects in the duct. Here we report on theoretical and experimental results obtained in the temperature range between 10 K and 300 K with the cell arrangement sketched in Figure 1. The low temperature cell consists of two chambers V1 ≅ V2 ≅ 700 mm3 and the connecting tube which has an inner diameter of 1,5 mm and a length 1 = 600 mm. Both chambers are supplied with an electret microphone. The whole construction is designed to fit into an optical cryostat. Room temperature measurements were mostly carried out with air.


T he aim of the present study is to analyse the effect of porous medium and a magnetic field of uniform strength applied perpendicularly to the flow of fluid on the unsteady flow of dusty incompressible visco-elastic second order Oldroyd fluid with transient pressure gradient through a long rectangular channel with uniform cross-section. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed to be small enough so that the induced magneticfield is negligible. The visco-elastic fluid is electrically conducting where as dust particles are non-conducting and small in size. The analytical expression for the velocities of viscoelastic fluid and the dust particles are obtained in elegent form. The particular cases corresponding to Oldroyd dusty fluid of first order, Maxwell dusty fluid, Rivlin-Ericksen dusty fluid and dusty viscous fluid are derived for velocity field. The results for velocities of visco-elastic fluid and the dust particles are also deduced in the absence of porous medium and in the absence of magnetic field by taking limits and respectively.


A In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/P-GaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) with a /spl delta/-doped wide-gap collector structure has been fabricated and studied. Experimental results show that this device exhibits the advantages of small offset voltage of 50 mV, a small saturation voltage of 1 V, and a large breakdown voltage of 20 V with a current gain of 20. These good characteristics are mainly due to the complete elimination of potential spike at the emitter-base (E-B) and base-collector (B-C) heterojunction. Consequently, the studied device shows a good promise for high-speed, high-power, lower-power consumption and large input signal circuit applications.


I N a review of the theory of the u Intersections of plane carves" in the March number of the BULLETIN (pp. 260273), Professor Charlotte A. Scott has included a full and appreciative criticism of my paper on " Point-Groups in relation to curves" (Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society vol. 26 (1895), pp. 495-544). I am exceptionally fortunate in having my work in this subject so clearly described and explained ; and I hope I may be allowed to discuss further some interesting points raised in Miss Scott's paper. For the sake of clearness it may be well to repeat what is meant by excess and defect. If a C6 and C7 are drawn through 4 points on a straight line they intersect again in 38 points. These 38 points are such that a C8 through 35 of them necessarily passes through the remaining 3, and a C9 through 37 of them necessarily passes through the last, so that the 38 points supply only 35 independent conditions for a 08, and 37 for a 09; these properties are expressed by saying that the 8-ie excess of the group of 38 points is 3, and the 9-ic excess is 1. So, in general the n-ic ex* cess rn of a group of JV points is the excess of JV over the number of independent conditions that the point group JV supplies for n-ics. This number of conditions is therefore JV -— rn. So also the n-ic defect qn of the same point group JV is the number of independent conditions by which the group falls short in determining an n-ic ; in other words, it is the degree of freedom of the general n-ic through the point group JV. Hence the formula


SUMMARY: We examine post‐restatement audit fees and executive turnover for a sample of firms that restated their 2003 financial statements. We investigate and find evidence that audit fees are higher for restatement firms compared with a matched‐pair control group of non‐restatement firms. We propose that the higher audit fees reflect a cost of both an increase in perceived audit risk and a loss of organizational legitimacy. Prior literature suggests that changing top management is a response to a legitimacy crisis; thus we expect to find that executive turnover moderates the positive relationship between restatement and audit fees. Our results indicate that a change in CFO for a restatement firm moderates the increased audit fee, but a change in CEO does not.


In this paper we provide converge rates for the homogenization of the Poisson problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a randomly perforated domain of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^d $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ d \geqslant 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We assume that the holes that perforate the domain are spherical and are generated by a rescaled marked point process <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ (\Phi, \mathcal{R}) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The point process <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \Phi $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> generating the centres of the holes is either a Poisson point process or the lattice <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ \mathbb{Z}^d $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>; the marks <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{R} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> generating the radii are unbounded i.i.d random variables having finite <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ (d-2+\beta) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-moment, for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \beta > 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We study the rate of convergence to the homogenized solution in terms of the parameter <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We stress that, for low values of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, the balls generating the holes may overlap with overwhelming probability.


This paper deals with an experience on writing at university with second year P.E. students. It specifies the context, the frame, the way this training is carried out. It gives the reasons that led the teacher into proposing what constitutes a rather unusual work organisation as far as universities are concerned. Eventually it explicits the interesting aspects of the experiment and tries to identify and analyse the difficulties met by the various actors.


Over the past decades, attaching of carbon nanotube with metal oxide is an effective way to construct hybrid carbon with interesting new properties. MWCNT/ MnO2/POAP nanocomposite thin film is synthesized using a pulsed potential electrodeposition technique on a graphite electrode. The electrochemical properties of the composite are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge respectively. The results of cyclic voltammograms, and SEM demonstrate that the doping process is effective and nanocomposite has exciting potentials for high performance supercapacitors. The MWCNT/MnO2/POAP nanocomposite exhibits substantially improved conductivity, which is greater than that of it's of pure POAP. The specific capacitance of the MWCNT/MnO2/POAP nanocomposite reaches 412 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag-1, which is significantly higher than that of pure POAP. An increase in electrochemical supercapacitor properties of the nanocomposite is due to highly dispersed MWCNT/MnO2 nanoparticles in the composite film, which improves the electric conductivity of the film electrode.


Guidelines are important tools inmodernmedicine. They are thought to encapsulate the best available, scientifically sound, evidence-based principles on a specific topic in nonmandatory statements that can help shape clinical practice. The methodology for appropriate guideline development is well established. Recent efforts have intensified to create appropriate methodologies in the quest to achieve more uniform and global standards for health care and to refine guidelines so that they are more readily implemented into real-world clinical practice. Thus, it is quite unusual that an organization such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is not known for expertise in pain management or the complex issue of drug abuse, would issue guidelines that seem to flout these conventions. In particular, the guidelines were not developed transparently and questions and discussions were not permitted. The result is a set of guidelines that are well intentioned but lack sufficient rigor and clinical flexibility, andmight have the unintended consequence of unfairly limiting the medical needs of legitimate pain patients. As true of all complex situations, the devil is in the details. On September 16, 2015, the CDC presented an invitation-only webinar (actually the first of 2 identical webinars, as the first was plagued with technical difficulties that affected some but not all listeners) to present its new proposed guidelines for opioid prescribing. From the outset, the venture was rather unusual. While the CDC does issue guidelines, its focus is primarily on infectious diseases and not pain control. The webinar was invitation-only, and no reports were published nor were audio files or slides made available following the event. During the webinar, the organizers took comments, but did not allow questions or discussion. Questions were subsequently permitted by the CDC Committee with public comment allowed through January 13, 2016. The CDC guideline was published in March 2016. In the CDC webinar, it was stated that "low-quality evidence signals uncertainty, not an absence of evidence," a statement with which most reasonable people can agree. But the webinar presentation added, "Recommendations can be confidently made, and are frequentlymade, with low-quality evidence" and references the Essential Evidence Plus website. However, that website describes its GRADE rating recommendations with respect to low-quality evidence as established by one or more studies with severe limitations and that "Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate." This statement contradicts the assertion made during the CDC webinar that recommendations can be madewith confidence based on low-quality evidence; indeed, the CDC's own source says that it is not confident in such evidence as it is likely to change as new findings are reported. It should be added that the final publication removed the statement that recommendations can be confidently made with lowquality evidence and disclosed the methodology for the guidelines. It is only by reviewing the body of literature and then rating the evidence that clear and practical clinical guidelines can be formulated. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been active in the development of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for long-acting opioids, and it is evident that REMS must be reconciled with these proposed CDC guidelines. While prescription pain reliever abuse increased over recent years, the available evidence suggests that long-term opioid therapy for chronic painful conditions is not a major risk for opioid DOI: 10.1111/papr.12475


We propose two simple and resource-economical schemes for remote preparation of four-partite atomic as well as cavity field cluster states. In the case of atomic state generation, we utilize simultaneous resonant and dispersive interactions of the two two-level atoms at the preparation station. Atoms involved in these interactions are individually pair-wise entangled into two different tri-partite GHZ states. After interaction, the passage of the atoms through a Ramsey zone and their subsequent detection completes the protocol. However, for field state generation we first copy the quantum information in the cavities to the atoms by resonant interactions and then adapt the same method as in the case of atomic state generation. The method can be generalised to remotely generate any arbitrary graph states in a straightforward manner.


The ''ordinary emotional person, experiencing a work of art, has a mixed critical and creative reaction. It is made up of comment and opinion, and also new emotions . . . vaguely applied to his own life. [For this] sentimental person . . . a work of art arouses all sorts of emotions which have nothing to do with that work of art whatever, but are accidents of personal association.'' So T. S. Eliot, attacking nineteenth-century ''impressionistic criticism'' in The Sacred Wood. Eliot's target is a style of post-Romantic commentary, and the writers he singles out, such as Swinburne and Arthur Symons, make clear his hostility to what he takes, reasonably, as the modernizing implications of that criticism: individualism, secularism, liberalism. For Eliot, this critical mode (or cultural malaise) is summed up in the word ''sentimental''—and contrasted unfavorably, in a prose both arch and ruthless, with a mind-set he designates ''classicism.'' This ''modern tendency,'' he writes—really a backlash against modernity—''is toward something which, for want of a better name, we may call classicism'': a commitment, ''discernible even


We have studied thermally driven magnon spin transport (spin Seebeck effect, SSE) in heterostructures of antiferromagnetic $\alpha$-$\mathrm{Cr_2O_3}$ and Pt at low temperatures. Monitoring the amplitude of the local and nonlocal SSE signals as a function of temperature, we found that both decrease with increasing temperature and disappear above 100 K and 20 K, respectively. Additionally, both SSE signals show a tendency to saturate at low temperatures. The nonlocal SSE signal decays exponentially for intermediate injector-detector separation, consistent with magnon spin current transport in the relaxation regime. We estimate the magnon relaxation length of our $\alpha$-$\mathrm{Cr_2O_3}$ films to be around 500 nm at 3 K. This short magnon relaxation length along with the strong temperature dependence of the SSE signal indicates that temperature-dependent inelastic magnon scattering processes play an important role in the intermediate range magnon transport. Our observation is relevant to low-dissipation antiferromagnetic magnon memory and logic devices involving thermal magnon generation and transport.


To scrutinize pleasure and pain as opposed to ideas in Berkeley is a way to question the status of passivity in his works. It is generally admitted that ideas are passive in Berkeley; by contrast the mind is stressed rather as active, though the human mind should be said to be passive as well as active. From an analysis of Berkeley's statements about pleasure and pain in the early works', I: we shall bring out what exactly mind-passivity is as contrasted with the ideas-passivity; II: we shall exhibit how the statement from Phi lonous about the mind as 'altogether passive' in perception is only a trick; III: we shall bring out how the pleasure and pain polarity is the core of spirit for any living creature to whom 'exteriority' is the objective side of a fictitious ideal balance between pleasure and pain. The world is not chiefly an exterior being but something distinct which may either gratify or hurt.


Decline in metabolic fitness, accumulation of undesirable metabolic changes and cellular senescence are the hallmarks of aging [1,2]. The incorporation of lifespan‐extending platforms such as exercise can promote metabolic fitness and delay the process of aging [3]. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. We hypothesized that exercise intervention can drive beneficial outcome by increasing expression of two enzymes; CBS and CTH involved in the production of H2S, glutathione and taurine as well as splice factors; SRSF2 and HNRNPD [4,5] in African American with MCI.


Vacuum system for treating a tissue site of a patient includes a manifold for attachment to the tissue site to allow retention without external support. Distribution manifold is provided with a porous member and tissue fixation elements. Tissue fixation element, while the sealing member is applied to maintain the porous member substantially adjacent to the tissue site. Soluble In one example, the tissue fixation element, which covers the surface facing the tissue of the porous member, or any of the porous tissue-facing surface of the tissue-facing fluid-permeable substrate layer on the surface of the member partially an adhesive. Other systems, distribution manifold and methods are also presented. .FIELD 1


This study compares the functionality of the Google Books and HathiTrust online repositories using federal government publications. From a random sample of more than 1,500 government documents, record overlap between the two databases was also examined. Functionality, such as ease of finding specific government publication titles, citation extraction, as well as the quality of metadata, in each repository is assessed in this article. Also addressed in this study is a look at the quality of bibliographic records for these repositories contained in the WorldCat database. This study found that Google Books and HathiTrust have unique strengths and weaknesses, as well as content and functionality overlap. The results of this study help to inform librarians which repository is best suited for federal document retrieval and patron needs.