Conservation management approaches focusing on minimizing soil disturbance maximizing soil cover, and stimulating biological activity can be achieved with different cropping choices and production goals in different environments all around the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the RDF treatment and 0.82% in the RDF+FYM treatment and increased enzyme activities, which potentially influence soil nutrients dynamics under field condition. Compared to F1 (first time, u need to indicate treatment details, otherwise, F1-ns not understood) control treatment the RDF+FYM treatment sequestered 0.28 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.13 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. As tillage intensity increased there was a redistribution of SOC in the profile, but it occurred only between ZT and PRB since under CT, SOC stock decreased even below the plow layer. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the RDF treatment and 0.82% in the RDF+FYM treatment. Compared to F1 control treatment the RDF+FYM treatment sequestered 0.33 Mg C ha-1 yr1 whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.16 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. The atmospheric carbon reservoir is significantly affected by change in lithogenic carbon reservoir (????) we did not do this, as we did not have data??). Carbon reservoir of soil is strongly influenced by the interaction between different biogeochemical cycles and environmental processes. At the local scale land use and soil management have also a significant impact on the soil carbon pool. Soil carbon is the major determinant of soil quality and agronomic viability because of its influence on other soil features. Soil carbon separation includes physical and chemical methods and their combinations in a sequence. These are not based on review or data presented in the paper.


Among adults aged 65 and older, falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries; annually, they result in 3 million emergency department (ED) visits, 950,000 subsequent hospitalizations, and 32,000 deaths.1 To address this crisis, the 2013 Geriatric Emergency Medicine Guidelines state that ED clinicians should initiate fall prevention efforts by screening for polypharmacy and fall risk increasing medication.2,3 Organizations such as the National Quality Forum have also endorsed quality metrics related to the assessment of medications that increase the risk of falling.4 Despite these recommendations, there is limited research on ED-based interventions to address medication risk factors. Interventions targeting medications outside the ED have relied primarily on pharmacist review alone and have not included direct consultation with patients, despite the fact that patient engagement is necessary to modify medication-related choices.5-7.


Obesity is a major public health challenge, and the US military veteran population is disproportionately affected. Using deidentified records from a local weight management clinic and a national clinical data repository, obesity pharmacotherapy use and effectiveness for weight loss and obesity comorbidities in this vulnerable population were assessed.


Quality education is one of the key sustainable development goals. The new education policy in India emphasizes on mother tongue instruction up to class 5 to foster a faster learning process, improved learning outcomes, enhanced classroom participation, and decrease in school dropout rate. These benefits, if experienced, help in building the personality of the child and enhances the quality of education. This study is an attempt to understand the impact of mother tongue-based instruction until class 5 on the personality development of the child through core self-evaluation scale. A total of 600 children whose mother tongue is Gujarati, who underwent mother tongue-based instruction until class 5 and are now studying in 6th, 7th, and 8th classes in Gujarati medium schools in Gandhinagar district, Gujarat have been considered for the study. Results showed that there no impact of mother tongue-based instruction on the personality development of a child.


A CRITICAL REVISION of the genus Eucalyptus has been undertaken by Mr. J. H. Maiden,5 the government botanist of New South Wales and director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Part I of this publication has just appeared, containing in the preface a discussion of the variations in the genus, and a list of doubtful species referred to it and such species excluded from the genus, and a bibliography. The remainder of the part is devoted to a descri ption of Eucalyptus pilularis: its synonymy, range, and affinities. Of the four plates two are given to the typical form of the species, another to the variety Muelleriana, and one to the illustration of fruits showing variation in the species.


Improving the teaching effect of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities must be based on the basic principles and requirements of ideological and political teaching and both theorectical and practical teaching links must be optimized and integrated and then be applied to the classroom teaching practice of political courses.The optimization of teaching includes 3 main areas of content: optimizing teaching objectives,clearly defining the standard of high quality courses,optimizing teaching base;4 keys should be grasped to the phase of lesson preparation;optimizing teaching process,mastering 4 requirements in the process of classroom teaching.


Introduction: Dental maturation is a useful indicator of growth. Moreover, skeletal maturation is assessed by the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) stages, using lateral cephalometric radiographs. This study aimed to investigate the association between Demirjian's method and CVM stages and also to analyze the diagnostic performance of the dental maturation stages for identification of growth phases in Guilani subjects. Materials and methods: Digital panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 200 healthy subjects (73 boys and 127 girls, ranging from 6 to 18 years of age) were examined. Dental maturity was assessed by Demirjian's method, whereas skeletal maturity was estimated by the CVM stages. Diagnostic performances were evaluated based on the identification of the growth phases using positive likelihood ratios (LHR+). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between the CVM stages and dental calcification stages. Results: Correlation between the dental developmental stages and CVM stages was statistically significant (moderate for males, r = 0.515 and high for females, r = 0.889). Three teeth revealed positive LHRs greater than 10 only for identification of the prepubertal growth phase, with value from 36.46 for second molar (stage E) and 19.75 for canine and first premolar (stage F in both). Conclusion: Despite the moderate to high correlation between the dental and skeletal maturity in Guilani subjects, diagnostic performances of the dental maturity for the identification of pubertal growth spurt would be limited. Thus, the second molar (stage E) has the highest diagnostic performance only in the identification of prepubertal phase.


Motivated by the recent works on the stability of symmetric periodic orbits of the elliptic Sitnikov problem, for time-periodic Newtonian equations with symmetries, we will study symmetric periodic solutions which are emanated from nonconstant periodic solutions of autonomous equations. By using the theory of Hill's equations, we will first deduce in this paper a criterion for the linearized stability and instability of periodic solutions which are odd in time. Such a criterion is complementary to that for periodic solutions which are even in time, obtained recently by the present authors. Applying these criteria to the elliptic Sitnikov problem, we will prove in an analytical way that the odd $(2p,p)$-periodic solutions of the elliptic Sitnikov problem are hyperbolic and therefore are Lyapunov unstable when the eccentricity is small, while the corresponding even $(2p,p)$-periodic solutions are elliptic and linearized stable. These are the first analytical results on the stability of nonconstant periodic orbits of the elliptic Sitnikov problem.


Many salmon species are monitored by visual counts of spawners in streams, however, there are few data sets where abundance is known and compared to estimates derived from visual counts. We used spawner fences to obtain known kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) spawner abundance (14 stream-years) on streams that are monitored with annual visual surveys (7-9 counts per year) and incorporated similar published data from pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) (11 stream-years). We investigated the performance of several simplified expansion factor estimation methods with survey life and observer efficiency as unknown nuisance parameters. All visual indices of kokanee and pink salmon spawners from live ground counts were highly correlated to abundance from fence counts (r2 >= 0.96 and 0.89, respectively). Application of cross-validation on out-of-sample data for both species showed mean percent error could range between 13% to 53% on a previously unsampled stream depending on the species, counting method and visual index used. Predictive performance metrics were less sensitive to counting frequency than observer efficiency and associated variability, which was influenced by the counting method (aerial versus ground surveys).


This paper proposes a method of identifying the mood underlying a piece of music by extracting suitable and robust features from music clip. To recognize the mood, K-means clustering and global thresholding was used. Three features were amalgamated to decide the mood tag of the musical piece. Mel frequency cepstral coefficients, frame energy and peak difference are the features of interest. These features were used for clustering and further achieving silhouette plot which formed the basis of deciding the limits of threshold for classification. Experiments were performed on a database of audio clips of various categories. The accuracy of the mood extracted is around 90% indicating that the proposed technique provides encouraging results.


Historical analysis of wildfire frequency, intensity, size, season, and type helps to determine the fire regime and the impacts of human activity in a region. Information about the temporal and spatial distribution of forest fires can help guide the formulation of integrated fire management policies. Mt Kenya Forest provides ecosystem services that sustain the livelihoods of local communities. However, forest fires have negatively affected sustainability of these services. This study describes recent fire patterns in the Mt Kenya forest. Field observations recorded by the Kenya Forest Service from 1980 to 2015 are analyzed. In addition, trends in fire occurrence over time and in relation to vegetation type are described. Key findings evidence a fire-prone period in February and March and a decrease of total burned area during the study period. Bush and grassland were the most fire-prone vegetation, and the fire regime varied in each forest station. Further, field observations were compared with satellite data. Some discrepancies between the field and satellite fire data were observed, especially for larger fires. These findings confirm the importance of monitoring efforts by the Kenya Forest Service to inform wildfire management. Recommendations are made on ways to improve fire monitoring and fire suppression efforts.


This paper focuses on a generalization of the �-product called C-product. This product, first introduced by Durante, Klement and Quesada-Molina, was used to characterize classes of compatible copulas. The C-product of copulas A and B is defined to be an integral of a function which involves the copulas A and B and the family of copulas C. However, measurability of the integrand in the definition is questionable. We will discuss this in details and attempt to re-define the product. Then we derive some properties of the re-defined product.


This study aimed to analyzethe influence of education, compensation, organizational culture on employee motivation at PT.BRI Branch Office Pariaman. Population in this study were all employees of organic and non-organic (contract employee) at PT.BRI Branch Office Pariaman. Sampling technique is proporsional cluster sampling. Sample were 110 people. Colected data were statistically analized with descriptive and inductive analysis consisting of multicollinearity test,normality test, heterocedasticity, linearity test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the result of this study concluded that (1) education have not a significant effect on employee motivation in PT. BRI Branch Office Pariaman.(2) Compensation significant effect on employee motivation at PT.BRI Branch Office Pariaman,(3) Organizational culture significantly influence employee motivation at PT.BRI Branch Office Pariaman. Keywords : Education, compensation, organizational culture, motivation


The post-harvest physiology characteristics of the sweet cherry were summaried, including respiration, ethylene production, pulp nutrients, browning and softening. Seven kinds of storage technologies were listed in the paper. Some questions at recent and prospections in future on the sweet cherry storage were expouned.


The majority of flaws found in software originates in the system requirements specification stage. The use of domain-specific languages has shown to be a valuable resource in this part of the process, since they help to establish communication standards, enable automation and bring productivity and quality gains, in spite of their limited vocabulary. This study proposes the implementation of language of use case to automate models (LUCAM), a domain-specific language that allows specification of textual use cases and semi-automated generation of use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams through LUCAMTool. To verify the feasibility of the proposed solution, tests were performed in both simulated and real environments so as to comprise a variety of scenarios observed in systems development. The approach assists in the requirement analysis and modelling, minimising existing problems in natural language specification, such as the dependence on the knowledge of specialists, uncertainty, ambiguity and complexity.


Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to study the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium points of Chen-Lee chaotic system,and simple feedback controller is designed to control the system from chaotic state to stable state.Linear feedback controller is also designed to synchronize drive-response Chen-Lee chaotic systems.Besides,numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


To think critically one must have total recall for facts and complex information. Keys to recall include the ability to pay attention, make associations, visualize, and encode that which is to be remembered. Mnemonics provide an organizational framework for the encoding and recalling of information. The authors discuss classroom applications that benefit both teacher and learner.


Background and Purpose: Adopting a proper location for a hospital will result in allocating optimal resources, improving access to health care, improving the quality of hospital services, reducing the waste of time, reducing energy consumption, decreasing costs, and reducing traffic. Accordingly, this study was conducted to adopt the optimal location for hospitals in Yazd City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive in terms of type and applied in terms of objectives. The used criteria for this study covered data related to military, residential, sports, industrial, green space, education, population density, communication roads, and available hospitals. All effective criteria were distinguished, and a map of each criterion was provided to locate the hospitals optimally. The weight of each criterion was determined by the analytic hierarchy process method and applied to the maps in the GIS software environment. The final land valuation map was prepared by combining the maps to construct the hospital. Results: The highest weight was calculated for the population density layer (0.24) and the lowest for the sports layer (0.025). The classified map to construct a hospital in Yazd City, Iran was classified into 5 categories, from very appropriate to very inappropriate. The map revealed that about 34% of the studied area is appropriate for building a hospital. Conclusion: Due to the importance of proper geographical access to hospital treatment facilities, it is recommended that new hospitals in Yazd be constructed on very appropriate land plots, and the priority in building a hospital to be very appropriate land plots located in the fourth district.


The high power Ubitron amplifier with coaxial waveguide is researched using the nonlinear theory in three dimensions. The Ubitron amplifier utilizes an annular electron beam interacting with TE_(01) mode in a coaxial waveguide. By numerical simulations, the output power of 2.24MW with 10.9% efficiency and 35% bandwidth in Ku-band is gained. The results show that the self-fields of the electron beam tend to reduce saturation power, narrow the bandwidth and lower gain. So the effects of self-fields should be considered in designing the Ubitron amplifier. Using wiggler taper, the efficiency is up to 12.3%.


Hydrogels based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and gelatin (GEL) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were used to obtain interpenetrated— interconnecting polymer networks. They are designed to obtain controlled release polymeric drug systems. CMC and GEL were chosen for their biocompatibility and nontoxicity, which are compulsory conditions for polymers used in biomedical applications. By modifying the parameters of the crosslinking reaction, the obtained networks presented different crosslinking degrees and hence different swelling capacities. These properties determined the quantity of drug able to be loaded (0.25 g per gram of hydrogel). We obtained systems for which biologically active matter release was controlled by diffusion. The kinetics were zero-order during the major part of release period (∼500 min). These systems improve the bactericide activity compared with free drugs.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In most of the areas for sharing information, slide presentation plays an important role. The slides for presentation are traditionally prepared using various tools. The traditional way of presenting slides is labor-intensive. Labor-intensive nature leaves scope for human-errors. Also, for lengthy documents there is a chance of some important information being missed out. Preparing slides manually consume more time. The drawbacks of the traditional way lead to need for intelligent system. The intelligent system needs to be capable of generating slides with minimum human interference. The existing automatic tools fail to fetch the graphical elements from a given input. Hence the paper proposed an Automatic Slide Generation System. The proposed system fetches the graphical elements as well as text from a document. The proposed system is more reliable than the existing system.


This paper develops an adjustable robust optimization approach for a network design problem explicitly incorporating traffic dynamics and demand uncertainty. In particular, a cell transmission model based network design problem of linear programming type is considered to describe dynamic traffic flows, and a polyhedral uncertainty set is used to characterize the demand uncertainty. The major contribution of this paper is to formulate such an adjustable robust network design problem as a tractable linear programming model and justify the model which is less conservative by comparing its solution performance with the robust solution from the usual robust model. The numerical results using one network from the literature demonstrate the modeling advantage of the adjustable robust optimization and provided strategic managerial insights for enacting capacity expansion policies under demand uncertainty.


This is an announcement. John J. O'Shea, M.D., scientific director of NIAMS, has been elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences.


This article is devoted to representatives of the humanities and social sciences, viz. historians from Russia and Norway and their many-sided activities, thanks to which a dialogue across the borders in the field of Russian-Norwegian, Russian-Scandinavian relations, the history of life in the North, polar history with more, became a reality. Their interaction within scholarly research which also aimed at supporting the traditions of good neighbourliness between states, began in the 1970s in the period of the Cold War, reaching its peak in the post-Soviet period, in the 1990s — 2020s. Important joint results were achieved within scholarly research, education, publishing, popularization and other activity of historians, working in institutions of higher education both in the Russian North and Northern Norway, as well as in the capitals of the two neighbouring states.


We have evaluated the tropospheric radiative forcing of CH{sub 4} in the 0-3000 cm{sup {minus}1} wavenumber range and compared this with prior published calculations. The atmospheric test cases involved perturbed methane scenarios in both a McClatchey mid latitude, summer, clear sky approximation, model atmosphere, as well as a globally and seasonally averaged model atmosphere containing a representative cloud distribution. The scenarios involved pure CH{sub 4} radiative forcing and CH{sub 4} plus a mixture of H{sub 2}O, CO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, and N{sub 2}O. The IR radiative forcing was calculated using a correlated k-distribution transmission model. The major purposes of this paper are to first, use the correlated k-distribution model to calculate the tropospheric radiative forcing for CH{sub 4}, as the only radiatively active gas, and in a mixture with H{sub 2}O, CO{sub 2}, O{sub 3}, and N{sub 2}O, for a McClatchey mid-latitude summer, clear-sky model atmosphere, and to compare the results to those obtained in the studies mentioned above. Second, we will calculate the tropospheric methane forcing in a globally and annually averaged atmosphere with and without a representative cloud distribution in order to validate the conjecture given in IPCC (1990) that the inclusion of clouds in the forcing calculationsmore » results in forcing values which are approximately 20 percent less than those obtained using clear sky approximations.« less


Once a court enters a final judgment in the case, the final judgement is not to be reviewed again. However, the retrial(new trial) which is a recurrence of a court case may occur on the grounds of a serious defect in the original trial. Especially, the patent validity may be considered in the civil court and the patent court at the same time, and there are odds to be discrepancy between two court in Korea. This paper reviews several cases of retrial in the field of patent infringement as well as the corresponding practices in the United States, Japan, and Germany. Furthermore, this paper seek for the way how to address the discrepancy between above two courts thorough the retrial system.


Introduction: In Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT), the position and quantity of the dose deposited by monoenergetic pencil beams are simultaneously controlled. We are developing the ability to treat patients with IMPT and double scattering in a single nozzle mounted on a gantry, which is called a universal proton therapy nozzle. The beam width in IMPT, which is useful in achieving dose conformality, is dependent upon the materials in the nozzle. Optimization of these materials is necessary to allow both IMPT and scattering techniques. Methods: A GEANT Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the pencil beam width obtainable for different materials in the beam path. Consideration was given to beam instrumentation, vacuum windows, the distribution of air, vacuum or helium in the nozzle, and the beam optics. The results of these simulations were compared to calculations based on the multiple‐scattering theory of Moliere. Results: The advantages and disadvantages of various configurations will be discussed together with estimates of the beam width. Furthermore, some of these estimates were compared with measurements made with some of the components in the universal nozzle. Monte Carlo simulations should provide a good prediction of the expected beam width, however, the initial beam conditions are a little harder to establish in order to get full agreement. Conclusions: The optimum beam width in IMPT should, on the one hand be as small as possible to reduce the dose delivered to healthy tissue, or on the other hand be large enough to allow a practical beam delivery capability and time frame while maintaining high standards of patient safety. Modifications designed to improve the beam width must also have acceptable impact on double‐scattering treatments [See abstract 7586]. A system that obtains a reasonable optimization of both solutions has been developed.


In this work, a newly integrated, windows-based prototype system is proposed for the needs of registering data of patients diagnosed with strokes in Varna region, Bulgaria. The implemented system architecture is based on a star model, consisting of a central core module, corresponding to the main stroke data record sheet and additional peripheral units. The main features of this system include: basic demographic patient information, disease history related to previous strokes, results from patient's exams and tests initial and from scheduled follow ups, data for risk factors and death report. The current system is intended to be used exclusively by the project team members to study the disease epidemiology and management effectiveness in Varna region. This will create solid record volume in order epidemiologist from the team to have prerequisites for providing adequate timely care for patients with these diseases.


This article tries to reveal the field reality in East Kalimantan, especially the preferences of villagers in terms of income source and land use, to ascertain the implications for Indonesia's national REDD-plus policy or one of the emerging regimes under UNFCCC. In forest lands, the villagers have no expectations for labour opportunities involving logging and planting trees in concession areas. In non-forest lands, villagers want to continue practicing swidden agriculture, to expand traditional rubber gardens, and to develop commercialised rubber plantations. They also think that rattan gardens and orchards are important. In order to suppress competition over land used for coal mining and oil palm plantations, to ensure villagers' rights to resources, and to conserve natural resources, it is recommended that Indonesia introduce programmes to support, as REDD-plus activities, the sustainable management of remaining forest and forest-like land uses such as orchards, rattan gardens, and traditional rubber gardens. This study shows the importance of not confining one's perspective to the REDD-plus policy framework determined by the government, but rather evaluating it by checking actual conditions in the field to aid constructive discussion.


Given the worsening situation of hunger and food and nutritional insecurity in Brazil due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this study aimed to: analyze the actions carried out by the State during the pandemic and understand how they contributed to the realization or violation of the Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA); understand the relationship between these actions and the modus operandi of current food systems. This was an empirical study, based on the challenges and axes of the last National Plan for Food and Nutritional Security. Data collection was carried out in two major newspapers, followed by document analysis focused on the social dynamics expressed in its content. The results support that there was a process of violation of the DHAA during the pandemic in the four dimensions related to the obligation to guarantee it, mainly to the most vulnerable populations, due to both lack and insufficiency of actions. The results indicate that these violations are not just a short-term political result, but indeed are the product of the dynamics intrinsic to food systems, in symbiosis with the political and economic power relations that structure the Brazilian State, and their insertion in the dynamics of international capitalism.


Previous studies are focused on the cogeneration unit commitment problem (CUCP) to find optimum operating cost with satisfaction of operation constraints. However, the profit and environment emission are not considered, the obtained CUCP problem is not enough to address the multi-objective profit based CUCP (MO-PBCUCP). The goal is to find optimum heat and power generation schedule of cogeneration system to increase the profit and decrease environmental emissions simultaneously for Generation Companies. Therefore, the MO-PBCUCP has been solved to find schedule of cogeneration, conventional thermal power and heat units. The optimization technique such as continuous/binary particle swarm search algorithm and civilized swarm/successive approximation with decision making strategy approach is implemented to resolve mixed-integer MO-PBCUCP. These methods have been applied to cogeneration based test system, to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method. The implemented method optimizes the opportunities to make use of high profits and minimize emission. The obtained profit from civilized swarm and successive approximation is high as compared to continuous/binary particle swarm search algorithm and the emission is less.


A financially literate person knows how to compile a household budget, doesn't get into debt so that they couldn't pay off their liabilities. They also have more possibilities to choose from financial products to help them with the business development or money management. The missing basics of financial literacy often cause indebtedness and overindebtedness which frequently ends with personal, working and family tragedies. It is often enough only to know what to be careful about, what not to sign and how to effectively solve incurred problems. These principles teach financial literacy that is not only the prevention but also the help to those who already got into trouble. I was interested what knowledge in the field of financial literacy have women both bringing up children and being occupants of a shelter for mothers with children.


Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold promise for treating Parkinson's disease (PD), but their therapeutic use is hindered by poor delivery to the brain. In this study, we demonstrate that brain-targeted liposomes (BTL) enhance the delivery of mAbs across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and into neurons, thereby improving the intracellular and extracellular treatment of the PD brain. BTL were decorated with transferrin to improve brain targeting through overexpressed transferrin-receptors on the BBB during PD. The BTL were loaded with SynO4, a mAb that inhibits alpha-synuclein (AS) aggregation, a pathological hallmark of PD. We show that 100-nm BTL cross human BBB models intact and were taken up by primary neurons. Inside the neurons, SynO4 is released from the nanoparticles and binds to its target, thereby reducing AS aggregation and increasing neuronal viability. In-vivo, intravenous administration of BTL led to a 7-fold increase of mAbs in brain cells, reducing AS aggregation and neuroinflammation. In addition, BTL treatments improved behavioral motor function and learning ability in mice, with a favorable safety profile. Targeted nanotechnologies are promising platforms for delivering medicines to treat brain neurodegeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We consider the implementation issues of incorporating data service features into CDMA digital cellular systems (DCS), using the 800 MHz band, and personal communications services (PCS) networks, using the 1.8 GHz band. For an asynchronous/fax data service, we investigated an effective configuration of protocol stacks over data terminals and mobile phones which will help the initial spread of data services. Also the evolution step of the data terminal is considered. A method of integrating asynchronous/fax and packet data service facility into a data terminal and mobile phone set is discussed.


Abstract : Four alternative filters are compared to an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm for tracking a distributed (elliptical) source target in a closed loop tracking problem, using outputs from a forward looking (FLIR) sensor as measurements. These were (1) an EKF with (second order) bias correction term, (2) a constant gain EKF, (3) a constant gain EKF with bias correction term, and (4) a statistically linearized filter. Estimates are made of both actual target motion and of apparent motion due to atmospheric jitter. These alternative designs are considered specifically to address some of the significant biases exhibited by an EKF due to initial acquisition difficulties, unmodelled maneuvering by the target, low signal-to-noise ratio, and real world conditions varying significantly from those assumed in the filter design (robustness). Filter performance was determined with a Monte Carlo study under both ideal and non ideal conditions for tracking targets on a constant velocity cross range path, and during constant acceleration turns of 5G, 10G, and 20G.


This letter presents a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) topology to reduce the common mode (CM) voltage and electromagnetic interference (EMI) of electric motor drives. Instead of using filters, active or passive, or specific pulse width modulated (PWM) techniques to reduce the CM voltage, the proposed topology has inherently less CM voltage generation. With the addition of two switches placed in series on the dc lines, this topology effectively reduces the CM voltage during zero switching states by "floating" the inverter from the dc source. This topology can be implemented with any PWM method and does not add any additional complexity to the standard control techniques. The operation and CM reduction capability of the topology is first demonstrated in simulation and then verified with experimental results. A comparison of both common mode voltage and EMI is made to a conventional three-phase VSI to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology.


Increasingly, early intervention services f o r infants and toddlers with disabilities are provided in natural environments. Natural environments are settings that are natural or normal for the child'S nondisabled peers, such as the home, childcare settings, playgrounds-any place the child is. This study surveyed early intervention service providers about natural environments. Results indicated most children received individual services in natural environments and group services at an early intervention (EI) center: There were statistically significant differences in service providers' perceptions of how appropriate different types of services were when provided in natural environments versus the EI center: Problems with natural environments included: lack of private space, distractions, access to supplies/equipment, and transportation. When choosing the "best" location for early intervention, the interventionists surveyed believed both natural environments and the EI center were valuable resources.


Multicellular organisms are strictly dependent on the ability of individual cells to communicate with each other and cooperate properly to coordinate functions during embryogenesis and throughout the entire life span. A major mechanism of cellular communication is mediated by cell surface receptors that deliver signals across the plasma membrane following their engagement with cognate ligands. Since all cells express a large variety of surface receptors they can respond to many different signals provided by peptide hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters and antigens, as well as surface molecules on neighboring cells or components of the extracellular matrix.


E t h n o v e t e r i n a r y m e d i c i n e i s a n interdisciplinary study of the local knowledge and the socio-cultural structures and environment associated with animal health care and husbandry (Tiwari and Pande., 2010). Ethnoveterinary practices is becoming a growing concern in the field of ethnobotany in the West (Lans et al., 2006). Ethnoveterinary medicines are used extensively and quite effectively for primary health care treatment to make domestic animals productive and healthy. India is rich in its tribal population and being agricultural country has rich biodiversity of both flora and fauna (Kirtikar and Basu., 1978). Major portion of this region are mountainous and endowed with a diverse plant health. This region is gifted with a variety of climatic zones, like Sub-tropical and SubTemperate in high valleys. In Uttarakhand mostly five tribal groups are found namely Bhotias, Jaunsari, Bhoxas, Tharus, and Rajis (Pande et al. 2007, Anthwal 2006, Uniyal and Shiva. 2005). It supports about 18,440 species of plants (Kumari et al. 2009). Traditional knowledge is essential for sustaining a healthy interaction between man and nature. (Wath and Jambu. 2014). The indigenous knowledge of veterinary health care system acquired by traditional herbal healers (Pashu Vaidya's) is orally transformed from one generation to other (Phondani et al. 2010). The Uttarakhand Himalayan region has a great wealth of traditional medicinal knowledge of medicinal and aromatic plants. Haridwar, Tehri and Pauri has been known as source of variety of shrubs, healing herbs, and other medicinal plants. Geographica l ly Shiva l ik ranges of Uttarakhand represents enormous diversity of flora and fauna due to variations in topography, altitude and climate. The Himalaya is well known for medicinally important plant species such as kuth, kutki, jatamansi now become endangered due to their over-exploitation and encroachment from their natural wild habitat (Duthie 1911, Badola et al. 1968, Adhikari et al. 2007). The Indian Himalayan region alone supports about 18,440 species of plants (Angiosperms: 8000 spp., Gymnosperm: 44 Ethnoveterinary medicines are used effectively for primary health care treatment to make domestic animals productive and healthy. The indigenous knowledge of the veterinary health care system acquired by traditional herbal healers (Pashu Vaidyas) is orally disseminated from one generation to another generation. This paper compiles and evaluates the ethnobotanical data currently available on medicinal plants traditionally used for livestock ailments in various regions of Uttarakhand. According to the sources, for various generations, the treatment and control of livestock diseases with traditional knowledge is an old practice in many parts of the world. As per available literature, a total of 169 medicinal plants belongs to 38 families are used in the Shivalik ranges of Uttarakhand to treat livestock. Fabaceae is the most dominant family in the area. The source of plant species was from wild vegetation followed by the home gardens. Herbs are the most frequently used plant species followed by trees. Leaves are the foremost plant material followed by roots. The method of preparation was done through crushing. Mostly the drugs are administered by oral route followed by dermal. A large number of medicinal plants are being threatened by agriculture expansion followed by drought. Medicinal plants sold in the market are not primarily meant for medicinal use rather for other purposes such as food, spices, beverages. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review traditional veterinary medicinal practices and medicinal plants used by indigenous people.


Lack of credit has influenced the health y development of our economy and become one of bottlenecks which hinder the deve lopment of our economy. This paper analyses the present situation of our system of credit, uses some experience of foreign countries for reference and puts forwar d the framework of our system of credit and some countermeasures to build up it.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease affecting a large segment of world's population. This article proposes the prototype design of a Tutoring System (TS) developed to support the educational needs related to DM treatment. The objective is to guide Type 1 patients and their families in the better routines and cautions they should follow, to improve their life quality. As the TS design is the first step of the project of an Intelligent Tutoring System design, the entire project is presented but the first step, the TS design and the pedagogical issues are described more in detail in this article.


Background: Studies have shown that low serum magnesium levels and microalbuminuria are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which are the known predictors of risk for cardiovascular disease. The chief objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium level with glycated hemoglobin and urine albumin levels in clinically uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methodology: During this study, 35 were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 20 normal healthy subjects were age and sex matched, were evaluated for serum magnesium, urine albumin, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, blood urea and serum creatinine levels. Results: In 37% of the diabetic patients, magnesium concentrations were below the normal reference value. Micro albuminuria was seen in 60% of the diabetic cases. Serum magnesium level was correlated with glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that lower serum magnesium concentrations and microalbuminuria are common in type 2 diabetics. Low serum magnesium level was attributed to poor glycemic control in diabetics. Serum magnesium levels did not correlate with microalbuminuria among diabetics.


Measurement of natural radioactivity concentration in sand samples collected from the coastal belt of Kerala has been carried out using NaI(Tl) detector, and the radiological parameters were evaluated from the measured activities. It is well reported that in certain situation, the natural radioactivity in the environmental matrices can reach reference levels or beyond. Hence, the study has been performed to understand the distribution and enrichment of natural radionuclides in the coastal environment of Kerala, and thereby assessing dose to the inhabitants. The mean activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides, namely 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in the samples were 53.2, 7.0, and 101.3 Bq/kg, respectively. The radiological parameters, namely absorbed dose rate, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the annual effective dose (indoor and outdoor), and reference indices were evaluated and compared to the recommended safety limits. The present investigation indicates that the data are comparable with the reported values elsewhere and in most of the cases observed values were well within the permissible limit.


The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) hinders the treatment of non‐COVID illnesses like cancer, which may be pronounced in lower‐middle‐income countries.


A new method of seismic design of steel moment resi sting framed structures is developed. This method is able to control damage at all levels of performance in a direct manner. More specifically, the method a) can determine dama ge in any member or the whole of a designed structure under any given seismic load, b) can dimension a structure for a given seismic load and desired level of damage and c) can determine the maximum seismic load a designed structure can sustain in order to exhibi t a desired level of damage. In order to accomplish these things, a new seismic damage index and a detailed damage scale are developed. The new damage index takes into account the interaction between axial force and bending moment at a section, strength and stiff ness degradation as well as low cycle fatigue. The damage scale is constructed on the bas is of extensive parametric studies involving a large number of frames and seismic moti ons.


Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems are becoming critical for the efficient operation of industrial wireless sensor networks. The IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) (6TiSCH) group enables system to fill in the blank between IP-enabled protocol stack and IEEE 802.15.4e link layer. In this paper, we identify and investigate three issues related to 6TiSCH networks and suggest potential solutions. Keywords-Industrial IoT; Wireless sensor networks; 6TiSCH.


In view of the importance of close-open time,taking the delay opening failure of a 220kV circuit breaker for an example,the reason of circuit breaker B phase delay opening is tested and a comprehensive analysis is given.The test results show that there exists conversion delay of the circuit breaker B phase auxiliary switch to cause the mismatch of open-close time of circuit breaker and operation time of relay protection equipment,which affected the opening time of the circuit breaker.Therefore,it is recommended to enhance the periodic test of the close-open time in power system test procedure to reduce the line fault.


The effects of multiple wings interacting and the change in efficiency due to those effects as well as optimal sheeting angles are becoming an important area of study with the advent of wind-propelled ships for goods transport. This research presents a first analysis of wind tunnel tests carried out at the University of Southampton R.J. Mitchell wind tunnel where three wings are subject to turbulent flow with Reynolds number in excess of 1 million. A range of possible variations of ship heading and apparent wind angles are tested taking into consideration the blockage effects and the geometrical characteristics of the working section. The forces and moments are captured on each individual wing as well as in the overall wind tunnel balance with 6-components dynamometers. Furthermore, pressure sensors and PIV data are recorded during the tests to provide the experimental campaign with results that can validate both qualitatively and quantitatively the numerical tools developed to aid the design stage of wind propelled vessels.


The invention relates to a production low level carboxylate new catalyst that comprises the making and its recycle and regeneration.The catalyst is a highly efficient, green and environment friendly. The catalyst is used for the making of low production carboxylate, and comprises multi acid borne on the special inorganic carrier, used in low level alcohol and low level carboxylate, composed of product and catalyst separation and its regeneration method.


In the past few decades, tourism has become one of the most important economic activities in many countries. In recent years, there has been a decrease in tourism activities worldwide due to both epidemic and war. In Particular, Tourists come to Turkey from cold countries in the summer months. In addition to epidemics and wars, increasing temperature due to global climate change also affects tourism activities. People want to continue their tourism activities in environments where they feel most comfortable in the face of this increasing temperature. The most important factor affecting human activities is bioclimatic comfort conditions. It is important to identify these conditions. Various indices have been developed for biocomfort conditions. In this study, it was used for the data which are the temperature, monthly average and maximum relative humidity (%), monthly average wind speed (km/hour), monthly average precipitation (mm) and monthly average sunshine duration (hours) data for the months of June, July and August 2021 in Aydın Province has been provided. The data were organized in excel environment. After the data were arranged, the TCI value of the meteorological observation stations in the study area was calculated with the most common Tourism Comfort Index (TCI) formula in calculating the tourism climate comfort. Meteorological observation stations and TCI values were imported into the open source QGIS software. TCI maps for the months of June, July and August were produced using the inverse distance-weighted interpolation method. It has been evaluated on these maps for Aydın Province tourism climate comfort.


This paper analyzes the expert assemblage inserted in the legal field of Domestic Violence Against Women. It collects results from a qualitative research with an ethnographic perspective in the field of the Specialized Family Court in Uruguay. We inquire about the construction of the truth through the legal qualities and personality assessment as a central element of the expert activity. The discussion deals with the judicialization as one of the various areas involved on the social, family and partner life organization. We analyze how the expert assemblage builds "confirmatory" evidence while legitimates stereotypes of what is meant by violence, victim and couple. The personality is designed from an individualistic logic, which forecast future behavior is enabled as there is a oneness between act and actor.


The presentation will cover the following points: precursors to Prevention, Preparedness, Response & Recovery; the notion of the interconnected world of infrastructure, certainly in the urban settings that we find in this country and many other developed economies in the modern world; the issue of vulnerability as possibly a more important focus of our analysis before we get to the PPRR; and a slightly different take on anticipation from what you have heard earlier this morning: in terms of knowing our systems of infrastructure, how can we anticipate where natural hazards and unusual climatic phenomena may impact?


This paper shines light on subsidy-dependent microfinance institutions (MFIs). Firstly, our model shows that subsidy uncertainty can have pervasive effects on MFIs' poverty-reduction mission. In particular, we argue that supply-driven uncertainty can lead to mission drift. MFIs maximize utility by serving the poor on the one hand, but must be financially sustainable on the other. Under the fear that subsidies can dry up, MFIs lend to wealthier clients in order to build precautionary savings. In a subsidy-uncertain world this is a rational reaction by MFIs struggling to preserve a pool of poor clients. We show that the incidence of mission drift increases with subsidy uncertainty. Secondly, we test the predictions of the model on original data collected from rating agencies assessment reports on 230 MFIs active in 60 countries over the period 1999-2006. Using both cross-section and panel-data regressions, we estimate the effect of subsidies on poverty reduction as proxied by average loan size, interest rates, and outreach. Our results suggest that more subsidies are associated with smaller loan sizes, but that higher subsidy uncertainty is positively correlated with higher interest rates. We also find that subsidy uncertainty is negatively correlated with outreach.


This research was aimed to study the effect of using the tempe flour to substitute the wheat flour on the characteristic of breads produced, as well as to know how much the tempe flour can be used to substitute wheat flour in order to breads that could still be accepted by panelist with the best characteristic. This research was design using Randomized Block Design with 6 level substitutions treatments, namely: 100% wheat flour : 0% tempe flour, 98% wheat flour : 2% tempe flour, 96% wheat flour : 4% tempe flour, 94% wheat flour: 6% tempe flour, 92% wheat flour : 8% tempe flour, 90% wheat flour : 10% tempe flour. There were three replications of each treatments, so that be 18 experiments unit. The data was analyzed with ANOVA and followed by Duncan's Method if the treatments effected the parameter. The research showed that substitution treatment up to 96g wheat flour: 4g tempe flour has result breads with the best characteristic in which leavening bread loaves was 404,83%, water content was 36,62(%w/w), ash content was 0,72(%w/w), and protein content was 9,31(%w/w). According to sensory analyzed of the breads produced, the colour of breads were yellow-brown, flavor were neutral, like of taste, texture were moderately soft, sponge formation were moderately variant, and overall acceptance were like.


Two series of conjugates of dextran and antioxidants from the class of sterically hindered phenols were prepared. The conjugates were characterized by the substitution degree of glycoside units, solubility in different solvents, intrinsic viscosity. The investigation of radical scavenging activity (RSA) of conjugates was carried out in their reactions with two free radicals - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and sodium salt of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl sulfonic acid (DPPH-salt). The usage of water soluble DPPH-salt enabled to estimate the RSA of the conjugates in water. It was shown that the rate constants of interaction of the DPPH-salt and the conjugates were 10-30 times higher than this value for low-molecular analogue of phenoxan. High RSA of the conjugates in water can be explained by large solvation shell formed due to high content of hydroxy groups in dextran.


SUMMARY The role and functions of a consultant in thesaurus development are reviewed, with guidance given on when and how a consultant can be selected. The need for a contract is discussed, and the steps of a thesaurus project are outlined. The cost of thesaurus development is seen to be subject to many variables, which makes it difficult to estimate accurately, but some guidelines are given. Testing and feedback are important, and the use of a thesaurus requires an ongoing commitment from the client organisation to maintain and develop it to keep pace with change. Ways in which thesaurus development software can be used are discussed, and attention is drawn to the need for interaction between thesaurus developers and user interface designers to allow the benefits of a thesaurus-based information retrieval system to be fully realised.


Cloud Computing has been treated as the next-generation architecture of IT Enterprise. It moves the application software and databases to the centralized large data centers, where the management of the data and services in trustworthy way is highly challengeable. This unique model brings about many new security challenges, which have not been well known. This activity studies the problem of ensuring the integrity of data storage in Cloud Computing. In particular, we consider the task of allowing a third party auditor (TPA), on behalf of the cloud client, to verify the integrity of the dynamic data stored in the cloud. The introduction of TPA eliminates the involvement of the client through the auditing of whether his data stored in the cloud are in real undamaged in any way, which can be important in achieving economies of scale for Cloud Computing. since services in Cloud Computing are not limited to archive or backup data only. This paper proposes data storage security in cloud based on auditing. Extensive security and performance analysis show that the proposed schemes are highly efficient and provably secure.


The development of the Integrated Beam Control Demonstration (IBCD) brassboard for the Advanced Beam Control System (ABCS) program requires high speed large angle steering mirrors for internal laser beam control. These mirrors, which use large dynamic range voice- coil actuators and position sensor for steering and precision pointing, must be able to steer through a significant fraction of a radian in two axes and operate at a high bandwidth. Hughes Danbury Optical Systems, Inc., has successfully designed, fabricated, and tested these large angle fast steering mirrors. This paper presents some of the measurement data acquired during the recently concluded performance testing.


Fear conditioning shows associations formed between contextual or auditory stimuli with an unconditioned stimulus. Inbred mouse strains differ in their ability to demonstrate fear conditioning, suggesting at least a partial genetic influence. The present study identified the possible chromosomal loci regulating fear conditioning in BXD recombinant inbred strains using quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Estimates of heritability for all 3 measures of conditioning were about .28. Correlational analyses between genetic markers and strain means identified multiple putative QTLs. The strongest associations were on Chromosomes 1 and 17 for freezing to the context, Chromosome 12 for freezing to an altered context, and Chromosome 1 for freezing to the auditory stimulus. Overlapping QTLs may indicate some common genes that underlie aspects of this learning task. When rats or mice are given a conditioning experience involving the pairing of a phasic auditory cue and shock, they will later display fear (as measured by a naturally occurring defensive freezing response; Fanselow, 1994) to both the static cues of the environment (the context) in which the shock occurred and to the auditory cue. There has been recent interest in contextual and auditory cue fear conditioning because they appear to depend on different neural processes. This hypothesis has been supported by recent studies showing that several variables that impair contextual fear conditioning have no effect on auditory-cue fear conditioning. For example, (a) damage to the hippocampal formation impairs contextual but not auditory-cue fear conditioning (Kim & Fanselow, 1992; Logue, Paylor, & Wehner, in press; Phillips & LeDoux, 1992, 1994), (b) contextual but not auditory-cue fear conditioning can be disrupted by postcondition ing isolation (Rudy, 1996), and (c) contextual fear conditioning emerges later in development than auditory-cue fear conditioning (Rudy, 1993). There is also evidence that genetic variation influences these two types of fear conditioning. Paylor, Tracy, Wehner, and Rudy (1994) reported that, following either a single- or multiple-conditioning trial, inbred DBA/2 mice display


Hash-based indexing is a powerful technology for similarity search in large document collections [13]. Central idea is the interpretation of hash collisions as similarity indication, provided that an appropriate hash function is given. In this paper we identify basic retrieval tasks which can benet from this new technology, we relate them to well-known applications and discuss how hash-based indexing is applied. Moreover, we present two recently developed hash-based indexing approaches and compare the achieved performance improvements in real-world retrieval settings. This analysis, which has not been conducted in this or a similar form by now, shows the potential of tailored hash-based indexing methods.


INTRODUCTION
The decrease in the efficacy of antimalarial drugs in the world and in Colombia hampers its control.

OBJECTIVE
The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination was evaluated in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and of chloroquine for P. vivax malaria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From May to November 2006, in vivo efficacy studies of malaria treatments were undertaken in Tierralta, Córdoba, northeastern Colombia. Standard protocols were followed as recommended by the World Health Organization/Panamerican Health Organization, with some modifications. Patients older than two years with single P. falciparum or P. vivax infection, with asexual parasitemia between 500 and 50,000 parasites/microl, were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Supervised treatment was administered, and clinical and parasitological follow-up was carried out on days 0 (inclusion), 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The outcome was defined as adequate clinical and parasitological response, early therapeutic failure, or late therapeutic failure.

RESULTS
Of 53 subjects selected, 50 (94.3%; CI 70%-100%) presented adequate clinical and parasitological response to the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. One patient presented early therapeutic failure, and two developed late therapeutic failure. All of the 50 patients (95%CI: 74%-100%) in the invivo efficacy study of chloroquine for vivax malaria presented adequate clinical and parasitological response.

CONCLUSION
In Cordoba, the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination and chloroquine show a high efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria, respectively.


Conventional industrial thermal insulating materials have a porous structure and provide resistance to thermal conduction. However, this structure permits heat transfer through radiation. Hence, they exhibit high thermal conductivity at temperatures higher than 1000 °C. To achieve high total-thermal-insulation efficiency, we recently developed new insulating materials, called THERMOSCATTTM, which greatly suppress radiation heat transfer. Their thermal conductivity was measured to be less than 0.3W/(m·K) at 1500 °C. These insulating materials consist of porous MgAl2O4 ceramics having 15 ̄m pores which restrain heat transfer through radiation, which was consistent with the Mie scattering theory. From the thermal emissivity estimated from reflectance measurements, the porous MgAl2O4 ceramics had near-zero hemispherical spectral emissivity values in the wavelength range of 0.355 ̄m. Mixing these powdered porous MgAl2O4 ceramics with a conventional commercial insulating castable ceramics is shown to successfully reduce heat transfer through radiative Mie scattering. This report describes the experimental result of the powdered porous MgAl2O4 ceramics mixed into the commercial insulating castable. ©2020 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.


A good negotiation model is important in order to improve the efficiency for supply chain negotiation. A negotiation model of supply chain based on multi-agent is presented. The model framework for supply chain negotiation and the status of the negotiation agents are defined. We also discuss the negotiation strategy and its learning mechanism of negotiation model. According to the characters of supply chain, a negotiation protocol is presented. Simulations prove that the presented negotiation model can improve the efficiency and successful cooperation ratio for supply chain negotiation.


Abstract The paper focused on the moisture absorption and hygrothermal degradation of composite laminates repaired via double scarf method. Experimental works were carried out on double scarf-repaired composite laminates to elucidate the effect of hygrothermal aging on the failure strength and failure mode. Finite element models were established to study the moisture distribution in the composite laminates and adhesive layer. And a progressive damage model considering the moisture gradient was subsequently proposed to predict the strength and analyze the damage mechanism. At last, the effects of overlap patch and moisture content on the failure strength were discussed.


1. A method, comprising the steps! a plurality of devices associated with the user; ! maintain a central facility at the remote location; and! projecting central object, the at least one device of the plurality of devices in a view. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the central facility includes a data file, an application corresponding to the data file, and a user interface. ! 3. The method of claim 2, wherein projecting includes the steps of! launch the application corresponding to the data file at least one device; and! display interface according to an application in response to launching the at least one device,! wherein the application is stored at a location remote, at least one device. ! 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the central entity associated with the user. ! 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the central object is stored on any of the devices in a variety of devices. ! 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the central object is not stored on any device in the plurality of devices. ! 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the representation includes a graphical user interface comprising a central display object. ! 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: receiving an input selection of a data file in the central site from the first device in the plurality of devices; launching an application on the first device in the central site, the corresponding data file based on a user, wherein the launched application is stored remotely from the first device. ! 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of GR


Sensory evoked potentials (EPs) represent changes in electrical activity of the nervous system, triggered by stimulating sensory receptors or peripheral nerves or either an external or internal impulse. Although every sensory modality can be investigated, sensory EPs mostly used in clinical practice are the following three types: visual evoked potentials (VEP), short latency brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) . The above EPs modalities are commonly used in combination, as complementary methods in clinical neurophysiology, so they are called multimodal EPs . EPs can also represent brain response as a result of cognitive activity (event related response – ERP) . EPs are recorded in different clinical contexts. They may be used to assess peripheral sensory function, to evaluate the functional integrity of sensory projection pathways in the central nervous system (CNS), and cerebral cortical sensory areas . EPs are recorded by using scalp electrodes for standard electroencephalography (EEG) . Due to low amplitudes of EPs, computer summation or averaging is necessary to isolate them from the background "noise" consisting of spontaneous electrical brain activity on which EPs are superimposed 1, 3, . EPs were introduced in the early years of clinical EEG within 1930s. The first device for signal processing in the field of EPs using signal averaging method was introduced by Dawson in 1951, while widespread use was enabled in 1970s . Non-invasiveness and harmlessness both represent the clear advantages of EPs, as well as their repeatability, objectivity and resistance to drugs and anaesthetics. On the other hand, the disadvantage of EPs is their low disease specificity 2, .


Aims The proximal end of the human femur, the femoral head, is frequently resected during hip joint surgery performed for fracture or articular disease. We obtained micro CT and high resolution MRI in a series of resected human specimen to better understand some observations encountered in daily radiological practice. This poster aims at focusing on the upper extremity of the femoral head namely the subchondral bone plate that supports the articular cartilage. We will describe findings observed in normal and abnormal conditions including osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, chondrocalcinosis and rapidly destructive osteoarthritis.


Every day, nearly seven thousand tons of charcoal is used in households and small commercial enterprises in Kenya. This charcoal is produced from roughly 80,000 m of wood, which is harvested primarily from arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) that constitute over two thirds of Kenya's land mass. Charcoal production and consumption on this scale has farreaching environmental and socio-economic implications. However, not all of the impacts associated with charcoal are negative. While many people posit that the charcoal trade harmful to the environment because of the impacts that charcoal production can have on woodlands as well as the emissions that are associated with wood pyrolysis, there are also benefits associated with charcoal in the form of rural employment and reduced levels of indoor air pollution relative to fuel wood, the primary source of residential energy for rural Kenyans. In addition, charcoal can be produced from trees harvested on a sustainable basis or made from carbonized biomass waste products, which occur in abundance in many less developed countries. Focusing only on charcoal's negative attributes can lead to incoherent policies that are doomed to fail. This is evident in Kenya, where charcoal production and transportation is illegal, despite the daily deliveries of thousands of tons of charcoal to Nairobi and other cities and towns. Charcoal's illegal status leads directly to corruption and bribes that producers and suppliers must pay to local officials and police in order to get their product to market; these costs are passed onto consumers. It also leaves the government out of the revenue steam because it does not impose stumpage fees or taxes at any point of the supply chain. Finally, despite current attitudes and practices, charcoal production is not inherently environmentally destructive – arid woodlands are resilient ecosystems that can support repeated harvests with proper management practices. The competing costs and benefits of different woodland management regimes, different methods of charcoal production, and improved stoves for end-use require careful analysis in order to create policies that best serve charcoal producers and users as well as the environment on which they depend. In this paper, I will review some of the current research on a range of issues associated with charcoal in Kenya. I will discuss the public health and social welfare issues associated with the charcoal life cycle. I will also examine the environmental impacts of charcoal and present an analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with charcoal production and use. International Seminar on Bioenergy and Sustainable Rural Development 5th LAMNET Project Workshop, 26 – 28 June 2003, Morelia, México Seminar Proceedings BACKGROUND Charcoal production Charcoal is a wood product that is made by heating wood in the absence of sufficient air for full combustion to occur. Heating releases the wood's volatile compounds, leaving behind a relatively lightweight and clean-burning fuel that is 70-90% carbon. Charcoal can be produced by a range of methods, from simple earth kilns to brick or metal kilns and retorts that capture condensable volatile compounds or combust them as gases, using the heat generated to drive the charcoal-making process (FAO, 1987). In an earth-mound kiln, the most common method of making charcoal in sub-Saharan Africa, between five and ten tons of wood are needed to make 1 ton of charcoal: a mass-based conversion efficiency of 10-20%. In these circumstances, between 60-80% of the wood's energy is lost in the production process. The efficiency of the process depends on a number of variables: scale of production (production can range from less than a hundred kilos to tens of tons), moisture content and size of the wood, and time taken for the burn (which also depends on the scale of production, ranging from 2-10 days). The skill and techniques of the producers also affects the process, however this is harder to quantify and is difficult to separate from environmental and economic conditions. Using special kilns or retorts can reduce energy losses to only 30 or 40%. However, this equipment is expensive relative to traditional methods. It is not likely to be widely adopted in developing countries without additional incentives, particularly in regions where wood is accessible for little or no financial cost, as is the case in Kenya's unregulated charcoal industry. Charcoal consumption Charcoal is the principal woodfuel in urban areas of many less developed countries. There are a number of reasons why people in dense urban settlements favor charcoal over wood: it has a higher energy density, it burns more cleanly (which reduces exposure to harmful pollutants), and it is easier to transport, handle, and store. Charcoal can be purchased in small amounts and charcoal-burning stoves are quite inexpensive, making it more attractive than LPG or electricity. In addition, many people favor charcoal because it is considered a more modern fuel than wood, and is thus a kind of status symbol. In Kenya, all of these factors play a role. In addition, there is growing evidence that charcoal, commonly considered an urban source of residential energy, is becoming an increasingly popular fuel among the rural population (Kituyi, Marufu et al., 2001a; Ministry of Energy, 2002). This will be discussed in detail below. Charcoal in Kenya Recent studies estimate that Kenyans produce and consume between 2.4 and 2.9 million tons of charcoal annually (Kituyi, Marufu et al., 2001b; Ministry of Energy, 2002). There is very little trade in charcoal, thus production and consumption are balanced. Kenya's level of consumption is one of the highest in the world. Table 1 shows consumption data in the ten largest charcoal-using countries in the world listed in order of net consumption. Six of the top ten charcoal producing countries are in subSaharan Africa. Kenya ranks fourth in consumption behind Brazil, Nigeria and Ethiopia and it ranks second in consumption per capita after Zambia. 1 Brazil, which leads the world in charcoal consumption, stands well apart from most other charcoal producing nations because, unlike countries in sub-Saharan Africa, charcoal is used as a major industrial input. While other countries listed in Table 1 rely heavily on charcoal as a residential fuel, charcoal contributes little to household energy needs in Brazil (see census data in Government of Brazil, 1991). International Seminar on Bioenergy and Sustainable Rural Development 5th LAMNET Project Workshop, 26 – 28 June 2003, Morelia, México Seminar Proceedings Table 1: Charcoal consumption statistics from the world's top-10 charcoal consumers (all data are for 2000) Country Charcoal consumption (tons) Population Fraction of world consumption Consumption per capita (kg per person) 1. Brazil 12,063,000 170,100,000 31% 71 2. Nigeria 3,057,000 126,910,000 8% 24 3. Ethiopia 2,907,000 64,298,000 7% 45 4. Kenya 2,475,000 30,092,000 6% 82 5. India 1,654,000 1,015,923,000 4% 2 6. D. R. Congo 1,418,000 10,273,300 4% 28 7. Thailand 1,222,000 60,728,000 3% 20 8. Egypt 1,196,000 63,976,000 3% 19 9. Tanzania 1,165,000 33,696,000 3% 35 10. Zambia 1,040,000 10,089,000 3% 103 World total 40,615,004 6,054,117,000 100% 7 a Population data are from the World Bank's development database (http://devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline/). Charcoal data are from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) on-line statistical database (http://apps.fao.org/page/collections? subset=forestry) with the exception of Kenya. The FAO reports annual Production, Imports, and Exports, but not Consumption. The latter was calculated by assuming Consumption = Production + Imports – Exports (neglecting the possibility of stockpiling). Data for Kenya are taken from (Ministry of Energy, 2002). The FAO report Kenya's charcoal consumption for the year 2000 to be only 640,500 tons, however the recent national survey, based on household level observation estimates it to be roughly 2.4 million tons: nearly 300% higher. Many other discrepancies exist in national-level charcoal data. See, for example, (FAOWETT, 2002), which lists a range of charcoal data and sources for 22 African countries. As with Kenya, some of the FAO's estimates differ by a factor of two or more with other sources of data. b This indicates a national rate of consumption, rather than consumption among those people reporting use. Aggregate consumption figures like this can be misleading and are reported here simply for comparison across charcoal using countries. It is more important to quantify consumption among people reporting use, which will be discussed below. Kenyan charcoal is produced by manual laborers who carbonize, on average, 80,000 m of wood daily. Production is scattered in thousands of locations, primarily in arid and semiarid woodlands, which constitute over two thirds of Kenya's total land area. Recent years have seen changes in the origin of charcoal supplied to urban demand centers. As discussed above, charcoal in Kenya is primarily a household fuel. Rural and urban households together accounted for over 80% of charcoal consumption 2000. Commercial, industrial, and institutional consumers account for the balance; this includes restaurants, businesses, smallscale industries like metal workers, and schools. 2 This is based on an annual charcoal consumption of 2.4 million tons in the year 2000 (Ministry of Energy, 2002). Kituyi et al. assuming that wood to charcoal conversion efficiency is 12% (based on the mass of charcoal produced per unit of air-dried wood). With air-dried wood (20% moisture content), one ton of charcoal requires roughly eight tons (or 12 m) of wood. Pennise et al. (Pennise, Smith et al., 2001) found that large earth kilns in Kenya, with initial charges of 15-25 tons of wood, can operate at over 25% efficiency (wet basis) with well-dried wood (less than 20% moisture). At that efficiency, produc


O n august 31, a tribunal in chimaltenango, Guatemala, sentenced former military commissioner Felipe Cusanero Coj to 150 years in prison. Cusanero's conviction for surreptitiously kidnapping and murdering six Guatemalan citizens in the early 1980s, keeping their whereabouts and fate concealed, marks the first time in Guatemalan history that a court has found a member of the military guilty of a crime against humanity. It is also the first time a Guatemalan court has acknowledged the state's specific use of forced disappearance, which claimed the lives of some 45,000 people during the country's 36-year internal armed conflict (1960–96), according to the report published by the United Nations– sponsored Truth Clarification Commission (CEH) in 1999. 9 Disappeared but Not Forgotten: A Guatemalan Community Achieves a Landmark Verdict


As an internal element of poetry,rhythm has come loose since "the Poetic Revolution" in the late Qing Dynasty.In the development of modern Chinese verse,rhythm has undergone three stages:the "natural syllable" proposed by early vernacular poets such as Hu Shi,et al.;the intrinsic rhythm dominated by emotion advocated by Guo Moruo;and the uniform of rhythm realized via a strict outer form-an attempt ventured by poets of the metric verse school.A probe into various rhythmic patterns on the part of modern verse is just indicative of the vigorous vitality of modern Chinese verse.


P2PSIP is a protocol for managing multimedia sessions in a distributed architecture, where all participating nodes share and manage network resources like bandwidth and disk space. This paper presents threats associated with P2PSIP protocol and proposes protocol enhancement to mitigate possible attacks. These extensions have been designed for the leading draft of P2PSIP overlay management protocol, RELOAD. This paper proposes the use of Public key cryptography communication encryption, while symmetric cryptography is only used for peer authentication. The Public/Private Key (PPK) pair of each peer is refreshed based on a timer threshold, for the system to become even more robust. Through experimentation from a testbed, it is demonstrated that the overhead in terms of CPU load didn't exceed 3% in both peak and average evaluation cases.


Objectives: To assess students' perspectives of traditional learning and text books and more advanced e-learning and digital text books learning from digital and printed text.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Course of six months from Jan to Jun 2022 in two Medical Colleges of Rawalpindi Pakistan.
Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out over course of six months from Jan to Jun 2022 in two Medical Colleges. Participants were 300, recruited through non-probability convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire and online survey were used to obtain information about response of medical students towards e-book and printed text effecting the quality of education. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0.
Results: Mean age of participants was 22±2.24 years and majority were between 21-24 years of age 212(71%) with almost equal proportions of males 140(47%) and females 160(53%) Significant association was found between gender and solid plan with traditional learning p=0.046 and more privacy of data in printed text, more reliability p=0.033.Significat association also found between age category and ease of modification of e text p=0.023, improvement in skills p=0.024 and also decrease in motivation due to technical disruption 0.034, instant feedback in e learning p=0.002.
Conclusion: Mean while Medical students favored the e-learning and digital books, they didn't over rule completely thesignificance of traditional learning and paperback books.


Continuous PVA/SiO2 hybrid fibers were prepared by Sol-Gel method.The spinnablity of the sols prepared and the performance of the PVA/SiO2 hybrid fibers were researched.The results show that,in the reaction,the change rules in viscosity of sols of SiO2 and PVA/SiO2 were similar,that is,three change rate stages of viscosity are happened in all these sols;with the increases of PVA content,the gelling-time and spinning-time of PVA/SiO2 hybrid sols increases.The hybrid fibers were characterized by FT-IR,XRD,DSC,TG and optical microscope.The results indicate that their interior-structure are homogeneous and amorphous,chemical bonds are linked PVA with SiO2 networks,and they have good resistance to heat.


ABSTRACT Aim: Case reports have documented abscopal effects of radiation in patients with melanoma, which may be enhanced by combining radiotherapy with immunomodulatory drugs. Ipilimumab upregulates the T cell immune response by blocking CTLA4, stimulating the immune system to target malignant cells. Here we assess the safety and efficacy of palliative radiotherapy following treatment with ipilimumab. Methods: The records of all patients with metastatic melanoma receiving palliative radiotherapy after ipilimumab between September 2010 and January 2013 at University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust were reviewed. Imaging was reassessed by radiologists experienced in tumour assessment and RECIST criteria 1.1 were used to evaluate tumour response both inside and outside the radiation field. Where the radiotherapy field was not imaged following treatment, symptomatic benefit was used. Results: 21 individuals received radiotherapy after ipilimumab between the specified dates. 10 were male; mean age at ipilimumab treatment was 57.6 years; all were ECOG performance status 0 or 1. Primary lesions were cutaneous 18 cases, ocular 1, unknown 2. Median progression free survival following ipilimumab treatment was 92 days; median time between first ipilimumab dose and start of radiotherapy was 74 days (range 3–175), radiotherapy was concurrent in some cases. Radiotherapy sites were brain (7), spine (2) and other (11). 11 individuals had imaging assessment of tumour response within the radiotherapy field, of which 4 had a partial response, 1 individual had on-going response in the radiotherapy field 21 months after irradiation. 5 of the remaining 10 were documented as having a good symptomatic response, meaning overall 42% derived clinical benefit from radiotherapy. There were no cases of radiotherapy inducing disease response outside the radiotherapy field. No individuals experienced radiation toxicity greater than CTCAE grade 2. Conclusions: In our series palliative radiotherapy was safe to use after ipilimumab. 42% of patients derived clinical benefit, one of whom has an ongoing response 21 months post treatment. There were however no cases of abscopal effect. Disclosure: M. Wheater: Support for conference attendance from BMS; C. Ottensmeier: BMS unrestricted clinical trial grant funding, consultancy for BMS and sponsorship for meeting attendance. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Motorized spindle is the key functional component of CNC machining centers which is a mechatronics system with long life and high reliability. The reliability test cycle of motorized spindle is too long and infeasible. This paper proposes a new accelerated test for reliability evaluation of motorized spindle. By field reliability test, authors collect and calculate the load data including rotational speed, cutting force and torque. Load spectrum distribution law is analyzed. And authors design a test platform to apply the load spectrum. A new method to define the fuzzy acceleration factor based on the vibration signal is proposed. Then the whole test plan of accelerated reliability test is done.


OBJECTIVE
To screen differentially expressed genes in hyperplastic scar to explore the pathogenesis of hyperplastic scar and identify new therapeutic targets.

METHODS
Three pairs of surgical specimens of hyperplastic scar and adjacent normal skin tissues were collected to investigate the differentially expressed genes in hyperplastic scar using Agilent gene oligonucletide microarray and clustering analysis. DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 was used for GO analysis and pathway analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Distinctly different gene expression profiles were found between hyperplastic scar tissues and normal skin tissues. Compared with normal skin tissue, hyperplastic scar tissues showed 3142 up-regulated and 2984 down-regulated genes by two folds and 28 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated genes by 5 folds after repeating the experiment once; after repeating the experiment twice, 3004 genes were found up-regulated and 3038 down-regulated by 2 folds and 25 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated by 5 folds in hyperplastic scars. In all the 3 specimens, 1920 genes were up-regulated and 1912 down-regulated by 2 folds and 18 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated by 5 folds. The dysregulated genes in hyperplastic scar were involved in cell cycles, cell proliferation, immune response and cell adhesion (CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CTNNA3, COL6A3, and HOXB4) and in signaling pathway of focal adhesion, TGF-beta signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, and tumor-associated pathways (TGFβ1, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CDC14A , ITGB6, and EGF).


Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) as a means of discretizing partial differential equations (PDEs) are garnering much attention in the Computational Science and Engineering (CS&E) world. At least two challenges exist for PINNs at present: an understanding of accuracy and convergence characteristics with respect to tunable parameters and identification of optimization strategies that make PINNs as efficient as other computational science tools. The cost of PINNs training remains a major challenge of Physics-informed Machine Learning (PiML) – and, in fact, machine learning (ML) in general. This paper is meant to move towards addressing the latter through the study of PINNs for parameterized PDEs. Following the ML world, we introduce metalearning of PINNs for parameterized PDEs. By introducing metalearning and transfer learning concepts, we can greatly accelerate the PINNs optimization process. We present a survey of model-agnostic metalearning, and then discuss our model-aware metalearning applied to PINNs. We provide theoretically motivated and empirically backed assumptions that make our metalearning approach possible. We then test our approach on various canonical forward parameterized PDEs that have been presented in the emerging PINNs literature.


Urban green space system is an important part of the overall urban planning, which is an important part of improving the quality of urban ecological environment, improving the living standards of people, and creating an ecological livable city. Landscape design of urban green space is one of the specific performance of green space system. Along with the people to the living environment of increasing demand, the traditional green landscape forms of cultural meaning and basic entertainment and leisure function, cannot fully meet the needs of modern people, people hope the environment landscape can convey with contemporary cultural atmosphere of the living environment context, hope the new form of the landscape can pay attention to the time the theme can re-examine the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, the way to create the green landscape has become an important carrier of cultural heritage and the progress of civilization to a certain extent. Based on the analysis of the development trend of urban green space landscape design, this paper sums up some characteristics of the design pattern.


While often associated with start-up formation, entrepreneurship is considered a fundamental and transformat ional shi ft in how one interacts with and views the world. As championed by Prof. Stevenson and Prof. Eisenmann at the Harvard Business School, "Entrepreneurship is the pursuit of opportunity beyond resources controlled," and this definition embodies the guiding forces critical for success.


Expansion of computer technologies allow using numerical simulation in the early stages of aircraft design more and more often. The role of both wind tunnels and initial test flights used to verify the validity of solutions seems to be diminishing. Big systems for threedimensional simulations of Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI) constitute highly specialized and costly software. Most of the codes are based on many simplifications. Aeroelastic simulation of model aircraft based on GVT model configuration presents the capability of used numerical codes to analyze complex geometry of flutter aircraft model. In this paper fluid-structure interaction, taking into account the structural changes involving imbalance elevator, rudder and wings for the flutter aircraft model [fig].


According to some embodiments, it may be deployed to gather information from the device based on the processor after the processor-based device. Further, in some cases, the information may be deployed after the processor-based device to specify to be collected, the collection process and the data source.


Abstract Three classes of Ni precatalysts based on π-NiII, π-Ni0 and σ-NiII complexes have been elaborated and employed in different laboratories for the functionalization and cross-coupling of otherwise inert aryl C–O, C–Cl, and C–F electrophiles. Various Ni precatalysts, ligands, boron sources, and reaction conditions that were developed in various research groups, necessitated the selection of the most suitable conditions for desired cross-coupling partners. Here a universal, bench-stable, easily prepared NiIICl(1-naphthyl)(PCy3)2/PCy3 σ-complex, for efficient and quantitative cross-coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, mesylates, and fluorides with aryl neopentylglycolboronates is reported. This precatalyst will most probably help to advance the applications of Ni catalysis in organic, supramolecular, and macromolecular synthesis and will provide an easier access to the selection of reaction conditions for various transformations.


Contaminated aerosols in room air are one of the transmission routes of the coronavirus. The amount of contaminated aerosols in the room seems to play an important role for the infection risk. In rooms without technical air refreshing systems, the aerosol concentration can be reduced with simple natural ventilation activity. Instrumental and vocal lessons and rehearsals take place in closed indoor rooms. Therefore it is important to optimize the necessary ventilation activity in order to keep the infection risk for musicians low. Therefore, knowledge about the maximum duration of the lesson or rehearsal for ventilation intervals are necessary. In this study, carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) as an indicator of the indoor air quality (IAQ) was measured during 47 music lessons and rehearsals at a university of music including 141 persons. From these measurements, the air exchange rates of the rooms and the CO2 emission rates per person were extracted. The results show that the CO2 emission in musical activities can be assigned to light and moderate activities between 28 l/h and 39 l/h. Wind instruments had the highest CO2 emissions. Singers showed low CO2 emission rates comparable to the control group which only spoke and listened. Recommendations for the frequency of ventilation breaks were derived from empirical data and allow for an individual risk assessment of instrumental and vocal lessons and rehearsals depending on room size and number of musicians.


The Crystal structure of chioranil and bromanil has been determined by X-ray diffraction technique based on the two-dimensional Fourier analysis. Chioranil and bromanil are isomorphous. The cell constants are: a 0 =8.86 2 , b 0 =5.83 7 , c 0 =8.76 3 A, β=72.6° for chloranil and a 0 =8.62 4 , b 0 =6.17 3 , c 0 =9.02 7 A, β=74.2° for bromanil. There are two molecules in the unit cell and the space group is P 2 1 / a ( C 2 h 5 ). The crystal consists of two layers of substituted halogen atoms which are parallel to the (001) plane, and the skeletons consisting of oxygen and carbon atoms lie between these two layers. The juxtaposition of molecules is such that the dipole interactions between C=O bonds stabilize the structure. There is definite localization of the double bonds in the benzene ring. In the molecule the adjacent halogen and oxygen atoms protrude respectively up and down from the plane of the benzene ring making a puckered form. The thermal motions of the molecules in this crystal have been analyse...


The sequential pattern mining generates the sequential patterns. It can be used as the input of another program for retrieving the information from the large collection of data. It requires a large amount of memory as well as numerous I/O operations. Multistage operations reduce the efficiency of the algorithm. The given GACP is based on graph representation and avoids recursively reconstructing intermediate trees during the mining process. The algorithm also eliminates the need of repeatedly scanning the database. A graph used in GACP is a data structure accessed starting at its first node called root and each node of a graph is either a leaf or an interior node. An interior node has one or more child nodes, thus from the root to any node in the graph defines a sequence. After construction of the graph the pruning technique called clustering is used to retrieve the records from the graph. The algorithm can be used to mine the database using compact memory based data structures and cleaver pruning methods.


Echa-encephalography, being rapid and easy to perform, even on patients in a very poor condition, should be of particular importance in traumatic cases. Since cases of head injuries are numerous, it is hardly possible to examine them all by skull roentgen and angiography. Angiography cannot conveniently be performed on patients with only slight symptoms of head injury. Further, many of these patients are restless, and do not lie still during roentgen examinations, and the roentgen pictures are therefore not always so technically satisfactory that a displacement of the pineal body, for example, can be detected. Often it is difficult to judge these cases clinically. Patients with subdural haematomas may have slight neurological symptoms, or even lack such symptoms altogether. Some of these patients are under the influence of alcohol and it is therefore impossible to say whether the impairment of alertness is due to head injury or to intoxication. With cc'io-encephalography it is possible to examine even restless patients, and the examination can be made without moving the patient from his bed. Since the method is relatively simple, it can be applied freely, even on patients xvith only slight clinical signs of subdural haematoma. Clinicians themselves can also, with the help of echo-encephalography, chcck the condition of the patient from day to day. To illustrate the practical value of echo-encephalography, a short account will be given of two cases of extracerebral haematoma.


This paper presents how MaTX is used to aid the education of classical and modern control theory in a lecture, called the system engineering practice, for students at the Department of Computers and System Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Japan.


II OPSOMMING V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII ABBREVIATIONS IX TABLE OF CONTENTS XI LIST OF FIGURES XX LIST OF TABLES XXIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 5 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 6 1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 1.4.1 Literature review 8 1.4.2 Empirical study 8 18.104.22.168 Survey design 9 220.127.116.11 Case study design 10 1.5 CHAPTER OUTLINE 10 CHAPTER 2: TYPES AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND THE ROLE OF COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE FOR EXPORTERS 12 2.


The present study on the impact of cement industries on cropping systems of adjoining areas was conducted in Darlaghat area of Solan district in Himachal Pradesh. The objectives of the study were to assess the changes in cropping systems in terms of cropped area under different crops and change in involvement level of community in farming sector so as to provide input for administrative decisions on the execution of developmental projects in hilly areas. The outcome of the study pointed out towards reduction in cropped area under different crops alongwith fall in the extent of community participation in different agricultural activities. The decline in crop production and shifting of people to other professions were also reported from the study area. It was recommended that planning in hills must be comprehensive in its scope and administrative input should be strategically apprehended.