Lax equations of Chapter I. Namely, by putting rk(x.) = aj, deg(x q »x. fd ) = k, we find that rk = 0#deg w and so the condition w(8p) = 0 in 1(1.26) is equivalent to rk(8. P = ß degOJ, which is ßn for P = L However, we seem to meet a new problem in (2.1) which insists on u. having weight zero Let us turn to the proof. Proof of theorem 2.2. We write sqaei = Of. l i 2 s=0 ß. ,s* s A ks+2 0 < i < N ß i>i = 1 where a i ß i.s can be read off (2.1). We have <|«b (L) N+2 r=0 (-1) r N I i=0 [a. i 2 s=0 ß. i.s p s fd s+2 :2i+i) r Xr8r r! (mod A N+3. (2.8) where we have used a 2 i+1 00 I r=0 (-1) r (2j+l) . r K r B r g f r! Let us firstly consider the terms with p present: N+2 I r=0 N 2 i=0 i d s=0 ß i.s P s G s+2 (2i+l) r xrar r! N I s=0 f s+2 P s N-s I r=0 \ rar r! N fd i=s di i.s [2i+l r ,mod A N+3,


The study aims to compare intrathecal (IT) boluses to continuous infusion trialing techniques prior to implantation of drug delivery systems (DDS) for the treatment of severe intractable chronic nonmalignant pain.


This paper studies Markushevich bases and Auerbach bases in Banach spaces. Firstly, a countable 1-norming Markushevich basis is constructed for any infinitedimensional separable Banach space. Secondly, an Auerbach basis is constructed for any finite-dimensional Banach space. Thirdly, a Markushevich basis is constructed for a class of non-separable Banach spaces by applying projectional generators and projectional resolution identities, and the transfinite induction on the density character of the space.


Heat exchangers are widely used in heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, industrial plants and refineries, gas processing and water treatment. Fouling is a chronic operating and design problem for retaining highly effective heat exchangers. This leads to countless chemical and mechanical attempts for reducing fouling. Mitigation of fouling and removal of deposits can be addressed efficiently with proper design and gas conditioning modification. All previous mentioned factors and uncertainties can be examined, evaluated and optimized by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Typical defouling and cleaning process involves chemical solvent sprayed on the heat exchanger surfaces. Manufacturers and operators are facing increasing difficulty to preserve heat exchanger efficiency due to complex structures. Spray behavior and performance cannot be simply predicted due to the many variables involved such as nozzle characteristics, geometry, orientation, gas flow of heat exchanger and pressure resistance. There are tremendous challenges associated with fouling of heat exchangers, where CFD is known as a common tool to predict and resolve those problems. In this work, we will compare the performance of CFD simulation of spray with practical droplet test data in a scaled heat exchanger built and tested in Spraying Systems Co. spray laboratory for a pilot anti-fouling imitation. The spray characteristics based CFD will be used to validate the importance of reasonable and precise spray input simulation in a solvent based defouling process. * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com ILASS Americas 28th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Dearborn, MI, May 2016 Introduction Heat exchangers are process equipment that transfer heat. Through a heat transfer surface that separates the two fluids, heat is continuously or semicontinuously transferred from a hot to a cold fluid directly or indirectly. Heat exchangers are classified by flow arrangement and construction type, primarily bundles of pipes, tubes or plate coils. In processing industries like refineries, fouling is generally the deposition and accumulation of unwanted materials such as scale, algae, suspended solids and insoluble salts on the internal or external surfaces of heat exchangers. Fouling on process equipment surfaces is a chronic operating problem and can have a significantly negative impact on the operational efficiency of the unit. Fouling could cause a major economic loss on most industries. The total fouling related cost is estimated to exceed $4.4 million dollar yearly, which is about 0.25% to 30% of GDP of industrialized countries [1] . According to reports from Harwell Laboratories, maintenance costs of heat exchanger and boilers consist of about 15% of total costs in process plants. Heat exchange fouling associated cost includes costs due to over-design, additional fuel consumption and maintenance, loss of production by efficiency deterioration and shutdown. Also, heat exchanger fouling is responsible for emission of carbon dioxide, data from oil refineries suggested that crude oil fouling accounted for 10% of CO2 emissions of these plants [2] . Occasionally, heat exchanger surface is replaced rather than renewed. This circumstance arises when reuse is risky or more expensive than replacement, or shutdown is long. This strategy is seldom employed, which indicates the cleaning of heat exchanger is preferred to restore efficiency in process industries. Fouling inside heat exchanger can be reduced by appropriate heat-exchanger design, proper selection of operating conditions and exchanger geometry, mitigation/removal methods (mechanical and/or chemical) from the heat transfer surfaces and heat exchanger surface modification/coating. Numerous studies of the heat exchanger fouling and cleaning have been conducted. Today's oil refineries have to cope with heavier crude oils or densified residuals with higher risk of fouling from sources which until recently have not been economical to process. The production of hydrocarbon fuels from biomass and the co-firing of waste material and straw in power plants are associated with substantial fouling problems [3] . Further research on the problem of fouling in heat exchangers and practical methods for predicting the antifouling result, making use in particular of modern digital techniques, are still called for. Technical Approach Typical defouling and cleaning process involves chemical solvent sprayed on the heat exchanger surfaces, manually (see Fig.1) or mechanically by spray headers. Manufacturers and operators are facing increasing difficulty to preserve heat exchanger efficiency due to complex structures. Manual antifouling is time consuming, requires significant down time and hard to reach due to heat exchanger structure and safety issues. Injectors are commonly used. There are many variables that contribute to performance, including geometry, orientation, flow of heat exchanger, pressure resistance. Hence spray behavior and performance cannot be simply predicted. Figure 1. Heat Exchanger Fouling and Chemical and/or Mechanical Antifouling. Wilson and Crockford brought up discussion of cleaning and procedure effectiveness incorporating assurance and proof of cleanliness performance, which will dictate the choice of technologies and determine the consistent clean of a particular piece of equipment which cleaning can be verified [4,5] . There are tremendous challenges and requirements associated with defouling of heat exchangers, where CFD is known as a tool to predict and solve those problems. A scaled heat exchanger was built at the extension of a wind tunnel and tested in a spray laboratory as a pilot anti-fouling tube face. Various nozzles and arrangements were applied to this system. Spray performance was captured and recorded in the zone of interest. The data was then compared with CFD simulation, in which particle tracking was done with Discrete Phase Model. Practical droplet test data for specific nozzles was used as the inlet for model precision. The spray characteristics technology is combined with CFD analysis to ensure and validate the solvent spray behavior in defouling process, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Equipment and Methods The experimental setup consisted of spray nozzles, (with pump and flow meter), wind tunnel, and PDI with traverse. All tests were carried out with the co-current air flow. The injected fluid was water at ambient temperature ~293.15K. The nozzle was operated with a steady clean water supply for all tests as noted in Table 1. Wind tunnel and arrangement set-up schematics can be seen in Figures 2-3. Four different types of nozzles at relative layouts were used to complete the tests and compare the corresponding spray performance under the same liquid supply amount. Wind Tunnel The subsonic Wenham (blower-style) wind tunnel utilized in these experiments was capable of producing a co-current nominally uniform air flow at a velocity range from 2.5 m/s to greater than 50 m/s; the actual flow velocity generated during these tests was 5 and 10 m/s, respectively, for each arrangement. Before nozzles were placed in the test section, the wind speed and differential pressure was monitored and maintained using a Pitot tube method with calibrated TSI VELOCICALC meter reading at upstream and downstream of test section. This wind speed was chosen as it allowed for a reasonable representation of the scale down defouling systems commonly seen in the industry. The test section was set to ensure flow was fully developed before entering the test section, and pressure drop created by the heat exchanger was not influenced by the compressed air. During gas baseline stage, experimental results at two flow rates were collected for CFD comparison prior to nozzle installation. Figure 2 provides an image of the wind tunnel with heat exchanger structure (tubes) and the water line pipe for nozzle mounted ahead the test section. As the liquid drops bounce, splash and break up when hitting solid surface, it would be impossible to test exactly at tubeface. For conducting the nozzle tests with acceptable measurement resolution, a slide which was about 0.05m away from the tubeface, with 60% of the circumference length and approximately 0.025m width opening was cut as the test plane. PDI system was mounted at this plane on xand yaxis traverse and oriented vertically to allow data acquisition at various y-locations. Figure 2. Wind Tunnel System. Experimental layouts for specific nozzles are displayed in Figure 3 at the sequence of each line from left to right corresponding to each case. To reduce the repeats and save time in the tests, based on the layout, droplet behavior was assumed symmetrical from the water pipeline. Three horizontal locations, centerline and 0.075m increments, were set up as xaxis of traverse. Each measurement started at 0.025m away from the top of tunnel edge and 0.038m increments per test point moving toward the bottom of tunnel (yaxis of traverse) till no valid point or no laser detection was reached. per nozzle Units Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Injector Type Hollow Cone Hollow Cone Hollow Cone Hollow Cone Nozzle ID 1/8BD-3 1/4D3-45 1/4D2-45 1/4D1.5-45 Air Flow Conditions m/s 5 5 5 5


The requirements for the fire resistance of steel structures of oil and gas facilities for transportation and production of hydrocarbons are considered (structures of tankers and offshore platforms). It is found that the requirements for the values of fire resistance of structures under hydrocarbon rather than standard fire conditions are given only for offshore stationary platforms. Experimental studies on the loss of integrity (E) and thermal insulating capacity (I) of steel bulkheads and deck with mineral wool under standard and hydrocarbon fire regimes are presented. Simulation of structure heating was performed, which showed a good correlation with the experimental results (convective heat transfer coefficients for bulkheads of class H: 50 W/m2·K; for bulkheads of class A: 25 W/m2·K). The consumption of mineral slabs and endothermic mat for the H-0 bulkhead is predicted. It is calculated that under a standard fire regime, mineral wool with a density of 80–100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 40 to 85 mm should be used; under a hydrocarbon fire regime, mineral wool with a density above 100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 60–150 mm is required. It is shown that to protect the structures of decks and bulkheads in a hydrocarbon fire regime, it is necessary to use 30–40% more thermal insulation and apply the highest density of fire-retardant material compared to the standard fire regime. Parameters of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the applied flame retardant in the temperature range from 0 to 1000 °C were clarified.


1. Habib AS, Gan TJ. The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: a preliminary report. J Clin Anesth 2005;17:62-5. DOI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.004 2. Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 1999;91:693-700. 3. Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Eubanks S. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2003;97:62-71. 4. Sun R, Klein KW, White PF. The effect of ondansetron administration in outpatients undergoing otolaryngologic surgery. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:331-6. 5. Parlov JL, Meikle AT, van Vlymen J, Avery N. Post discharge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory laparoscopic procedures is not reduced by promethazine prophylaxis. Anesthesia 1999;46:719-24. 6. Sandhya YL. Evaluation of two antiemetic agents during outpatient gynecological surgery. Singapore Med J 1994;35:271-3. 7. Kovac AL. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Drugs 2000;59:213-43. 8. Perri M III, Menon AM, Deshpande AD, Shinde SB, Jiang R, Cooper JW, et al. Adverse outcomes associated with inappropriate drug use in nursing homes. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:405-11. Epub 2005 Jan 25. DOI 10.1345/aph.1E230 9. Prescribing information. Phenergan (promethazine). Philadelphia: Wyeth Laboratories, March 2002.


A land reclamation and ground improvement project requires an extensive study of underlying soils, fill material, performance of ground improvement works and shore-protection structures. The area o...


Results are reported from a search for high-Galactic-latitude wide binaries down to visual magnitude 14 on five digitized Schmidt-telescope plates. The data-reduction and analysis techniques are described in detail, and the results are presented in graphs and briefly characterized. The number of wide binaries and the estimated wide-binary number density are both three times smaller than those found by Bahcall and Soneira (1981), but still too large to be consistent with the predictions of physical models. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are explored.


Copper Creek was showing the classic symptoms of a stream in trouble. The creek's sidebanks were steep and badly eroded. The water table was dropping. Sagebrush and other plants typical of drier areas were invading what historically had been the green rim of a riparian area. Sediment threatened to choke the stream, and the willows and sedges that provided cover for the creek were beginning to disappear. The condition was a far cry from the creek that the Purdys and other long-time residents remembered as a stream that once was home to a healthy population of trout and helped to support an abundance of wildlife— elk, mule deer, pronghorn antelope and upland game birds. Copper Creek was too valuable a resource to merely stand back and watch while it deteriorated further. Something needed to be done—quickly—to restore it. Copper Creek flows through the Bureau of Land Management's Lava Lake Allotment, so the Purdys approached BLM's Shoshone District about the problem. They also talked with the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and it wasn't long before the ranchers and employees of the two agencies sat down and discussed what it would take to fix the stream. What it would take, the ranchers and federal employees decided, was a change in management practices that addressed the problems of the entire watershed and not just a seg-


Abstract In this study, the microwave assisted micellar extraction (MAME) methodology has been optimised to extract and determine a mixture of nine polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDD) from marine sediments. This is a very efficient extraction procedure which considerably reduces the volume of extractant to be used and the analysis time. The PCDDs under study have been extracted using the non‐ionic surfactants polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether (POLE) and oligoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (Genapol X‐080), which are biodegradable, meaning that the toxical effects of the method have been avoided. The optimal extraction variables, such as surfactant and salt concentration, together with the radiation time and microwave power, were determined for each surfactant and then compared. To get the benefit of the properties that non‐ionic surfactants possess, in order to obtain a better signal of the analytes under study, the Genapol X‐080 extracts were then preconcentrated using the cloud‐point methodology, and...


In a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer, the leakage magnetic field decreases the critical current and increases the ac loss in the tapes. Moreover, because of nearly zero resistance of HTS tapes, a slight unbalance of the branch inductances of the windings might result in heavy circulating current. So, the numerical analysis of the leakage magnetic field and circulating current is especially necessary for an HTS transformer design. In this paper, the influence of the winding configurations on the stray field and circulating current is studied. That is, the magnetic field distribution is analyzed by finite-element method and then, based on the inductance matrix obtained after a magnetic field analysis, the circulating current is calculated by circuit analysis. Some measures for improving the leakage field and circulating current distribution are also proposed to make HTS transformers more efficient.


I test the impact of Oregon's vote-by-mail system on voter turnout. Copyright (c) 2008 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.


Dislocations of the knee are true surgical emergencies. They are rare lesions, and opinions vary widely as to their treatment. The end result may be exceedingly good or tragically bad, depending on the extent of injury to the popliteal artery, the peroneal and tibial nerves, and the ligamentous structures about the knee. Knee dislocations are defined in relationship to the tibial displacement with respect to the femoral condyles (Fig 1 not shown). Thus a tibia lying anterior to the femur is an anterior dislocation. Using this terminology there are five main types of dislocations: anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, and rotatory (the irreducible posterolateral dislocation). The largest series of knee dislocations in the literature is the 39 cases reported by Jonasch in 1961. Nikolai reported a series of 33 cases in 1960. The largest series in the English literature is that of Kennedy, who reported on 22 cases in 1963 (Table I). It has been said that the paucity of literature on the subject of knee dislocations reflects as much the bad results of treatment as its infrequency of occurrence. We feel that this is an unnecessarily pessimistic outlook, and are reporting 15 cases of knee dislocations, three of which had arterial injury and all of which obtained satisfactory end results. Anatomy of the Popliteal Space. The severity of injury in knee dislocations is directly related to damage of contents of the popliteal space. Injury to the popliteal artery is related to the peculiar anatomy of the region (Fig 2 not shown). The popliteal artery originates at the tendonous hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle, by which it is firmly anchored to the femoral shaft. Within the popliteal space it gives off five arterial branches: paired superior genicular, paired inferior genicular, and unpaired middle genicular arteries. These arise immediately above and below the knee joint and constitute the major collateral system about the knee. In addition, the communicating system is supplied from above by the supreme genicular artery and the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery. Distally the anastomotic network communicates with the anterior tibial artery by way of the anterior tibial recurrent artery. The popliteal artery passes distally between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and then beneath the tendonous arch of the soleus muscle, by which it is held firmly against the underlying bone. At this point the artery ends by division into posterior and anterior tibial arteries, the latter of which passes immediately through the interosseous membrane. Although the popliteal artery is moored snugly at either end, it is not in contact with bone but is stretched like a bowstring across the popliteal space. Any distortion of the skeletal anatomy causes stretching of the popliteal artery. Arterial rupture tends to occur at the point of emergence of a major branch, especially if the artery is tethered by passage through a fibro-osseous canal such as the adductor canal or soleus hiatus. The nerves in the popliteal space are not anatomically fixed as the arteries are, and therefore are less likely to become severed. Hence, injuries to the nerves are usually traction in continuity, from which recovery may occur. Their surgical repair may await determination of spontaneous recovery. Injuries of the Popliteal Artery. All authors writing on the subject of knee dislocations advocate immediate reduction of the dislocation, in the emergency room if necessary, without anesthesia. In most instances the reduction is accomplished quite easily by gentle but sustained traction. Following reduction a very careful, critical evaluation of the circulatory status of the extremity must be carried out. The amount of deformity of the extremity in the emer(Reprinted with permission from Reckling FW, Peltier LF: Acute Knee Dislocations and Their Complications. J Trauma. 9:181–191, 1969.) From the Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. Presented at the Twenty-eighth Annual Session of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Montreal, Quebec, October 18–20, 1968. Correspondence to: Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 3550 Market Street, Suite 220, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000131737.72363.7e CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH Number 422, pp. 135–141 © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


is usually associated with clonal evolution of the cells that have the original chromosomal abnormality (8). The aberrations seen in the clonal evolution of CML are nonrandom and most fre quently involve an extra chromosome 8, an isochromosome of No. 17, and/or a second Ph1 chromosome. Whereas kanyo typic evolution has been widely reported in CML, there have been relatively few studies of this phenomenon in ANLL. Pre vious investigations, based on conventionally stained chromo somes only, indicated that karyotypic changes occur in about 1 to 2% of patients with acute leukemia (1, 12, 18). In contrast to these earlier findings, we found evidence of clonal evolution in a relatively high proportion of ANLL patients who were studied with banding techniques: in a series of 50 patients, 8 (16%) showed evolution of the karyotype in serial cytogenetic samples (i 1). The pattern of evolution appeared to be nonran dom, since the evolutionary change involved an additional chromosome 8 in 5 of these 8 patients. We undertook the present study to determine the frequency of evolution in a larger series of 90 ANLL patients whose chromosomes were examined with banding techniques (2). The cytogenetic and clinical findings were correlated in detail throughout the disease course. We examined both clinical and chromosomal results further to determine whether a change in karyotype predicts an impending change in the clinical course.


Sampled data regulator for maintenance of constant alveolar carbon dioxide during steady state and transient ventilatory responses to hypoxic stimulation


Review(s) of: Becoming Art: Exploring Cross-cultural Categories, by Howard Morphy, 2008, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, xv+234pp, ISBN 978 192141 0123. Includes references.


A comprehensive evaluation of the Precambrian — Lower Cambrian stratigraphy of the Siberian Platform. Because of the lack Of trilobites in the basal Lower Cambrian, all available fossil groups were studied (archaeocyathids, stromatolites, problematica, sponges, brachiopods, al, gae, and trilobites). The boundary was placed at the lowest occurrence of skeleton bearing fauna (archaeocyathids, sponges, brachiopods). Below this level the fauna consists principally of stromatolites, problematica, and algae. Comparison of the stratigraphy and fauna of the Siberian Platform is made with the Altay-Sayan folded zone, Western Europe, North Africa, and Australia.—D.W. Trexler


This publication develops the question what the nature of China's taking charge as a great, responsible power in the 21st century may be. This is done through a historical analysis of China's appreciation of soft and hard power, and in the light of China's contemporary economic and military development.


This study investigates the potential factors explaining the inconsistent relationship between profitability and firm value. Specifically, it examines whether dividend policy contributes to the profitability–firm value relationship and determines the form of the moderating variables. We use a unique data set from the Indonesian capital market, with sustainable and responsible investment (SRI)-KEHATI-listed firms from 2010 to 2019. Adopting hierarchy moderating analysis, the results show a positive direct relationship between profitability and firm value. Moreover, the profitability–firm value relationship becomes stronger with a higher dividend policy ratio. We complement this with evidence that the dividend policy plays a role as a pure moderator in more sustainable and responsible firms. A sensitivity battery analysis and the endogeneity concern show consistent results as the baseline model, implying that the model is robust to different conditions. Additional tests revealed that the dividend policy is more prominent in low-leverage enterprises, low-intensity advertising firms, and during the financial service authority's post-dividend policy regulation phase. The implication of our study is that corporate policy and country regulation play a role as a potential competitive strategy to increase shareholder value for SRI-KEHATI-listed firms.


This thesis is a result of a Minor field study, which was carried out in Costa Rica during two months between March 25th and May 27th in 2014. The field study was financed by a scholarship from SIDA (The Swedish international development cooperation Agency). The purpose of the study was to investigate how the significantly rapid growing ICT- development in Costa Rica between 2010-2015 has changed the ways in which an opposition movement from rural communities in the country communicates. The empirical material has been collected through eleven semi-structured interviews with respondents from the opposition movement and participatory observations. The social context in which the opposition movement operates is in the social reality of living in a community next to a pineapple plantation where daily use of chemical pesticides on the plantations has contaminated the drinking water as a result of the spraying. These pesticides contain chemical substances, which can cause cancer and other serious diseases and health problems. The affected communities have not been able to drink the tap water for more than 10 years and receive water from a tanker truck twice a week. The water contamination has caused serious health-problems among the population who have a daily contact with the tap water and among plantation workers who are exposed to chemicals on a daily basis. This major social and environmental problem that many rural communities in Costa Rica next to pineapple-plantations are facing, has resulted in a growing opposition movement. In the process of mobilization for a social movement, communication is essential. Communication through different communication channels and media are important tools for social mobilization, however communication itself is the key for the existence of a social movement (Stromback, 2009). Hence, studying the communication processes of a social movement is an important aspect to investigate. Investigating the communication-process and strategies of the opposition movement in the rural communities of Costa Rica in particular is very interesting in the context of the country being the current most fast growing country considering ICT-developments (ITU, 2015). The result of this study concludes that the opposition movement have not been able to take advantage of ICT to a wide extent in the communication-process due to a persisting digital divide in the rural communities. Lack of access to ICT and poor Internet connection are central aspects, which prevents the movement from taking advantage of the full potential of ICT. Hence, the ways in which the movement communicates has not changed significantly regardless of the major ICT-developments in the country during the last five years. However, what the ICT-development have brought is an increased awareness among the movement of the need for (and the importance of) a united organization and the discovery that digital media and social media in particular can facilitate networking in ways that they want to learn to take advantage of. Further social media can serve as an important alternative media to the national mass where the issue is not given space and an increased corporation with large and influential NGO's can contribute to the international agenda setting which is crucial for the movement since reaching out to a wider public can generate pressure on the Costa Rican government and the pineapple industry to force changes. (Less)


A macro that facilitates analysis of thermal effects on optical systems has been written for the ACCOS V optical design program. Details of the macro operation are described and specific examples<are provided. A computer listing of the macro is also included.


This paper describes the advantages of using the P87LPC76X and P89LPC900 CPU family as the hardware monitor of the 8XC5X (including 8XC5XX2 and P98C6XX2) CPU family, the methods of hardware connection, and the main points of the monitor CPU's interrupt service procedure programming.


The present thesis deals with current and delicate topic of social integration of learners with mental disabilities into their local social environment. What we were particularly interested in, was the level of susceptibility of the wider social environment for our shared needs.

The main purpose of the research carried out within the framework of the thesis is to provide pupils with moderate, severe and profound mental disabilities with qualitative and broad integration into their social environment and to examine the quality of their lives and the associated activities. Cooperation with external institutions, associations and organizations provides the activities throughout which learners can gain new experience, knowledge and skills. Those activities are crucial not only for the learners – the entire community benefits from them, and there are external participants who gain new experience as well.

Our desire was to implement all of the above, and for that, we created a project "Mini School in School," which is merely one of the possibilities of encouraging communication, cooperation and connectivity between Centre for Education and Training Velenje and the social environment of Salek Valley.

The theoretical part deals with the starting points on the quality of life, the opportunities, the conditions and the needs of involving individuals with mental disabilities into the social environment of the Salek Valley.

In the empirical part, we tested our theoretical frameworks and hypotheses through the practice. We approached the arguments and the handling of obtained information analytically and statistically. There were three survey questionnaires intended for pupils, employees and for external visitors. The participants were 40 pupils with moderate, severe and profound mental disabilities, 16 employees of the Centre for Education and Training Velenje and 38 external visitors, who are members of scout association "The Tribe of Lake Dragon Velenje."

A unique challenge presented an implementation of the project, which for all those involved signified a practical test and an evaluation of all statistically interpreted results. The project became an indicator of variety of new findings that require additional inquiries and fulfillments.


The processing of surveys, reports and comments is a tedious and time-consuming process, especially for the reports and questionnaires which are not multiple choice documents, but which contain open questions or text fields generate a heavy workload. The Educational Ecosystem is heavily challenged with this task in their quality processes due to their legal tasks, and because of the many different stakeholders (individual students, individual staff). The development of on AI-tool to help with the processing of text and give an assessment on the "sentiment" of the text (rather positive or rather negative) is described in the paper. Sentiment analysis helps the assessor focus on the important conclusions (positive or negative sentiments depending on the type and function of used documents).


summary:We know too well who we are as classicists and what we do: part of our charm, as some might think. But surely we can take the risk of seeking fresh ways of thinking. Can we consciously choose to forget the master names and master narratives that have constituted our self-understanding? Can we genuinely collaborate with other disciplines—and not only humanistic disciplines? Can we transform our PhD programs to make them authentically and successfully inviting to young people who might not otherwise be tempted to join our collective efforts? The correct answer to each of those questions is "yes."


Reporting of Stroke With SGLT2 Inhibitors: Implications From a Japanese Pharmacovigilance Study." SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) the treatment of mellitus heart SGLT2i may stroke risk by causing orthostatic hypotension and dehydration.


During the step-stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT) experiment, the operator usually elevates the stress level at a predetermined time-point for all tested products that had not failed. This time-point is determined by the experience of the operator and the test is carried on until the performance degradation value of the product crosses the threshold value. In fact, this mode only works when a lot of products have been used in the experiment. But in the SSADT experiment, the number of products is relatively few, and so the test control to the products should be done more carefully. Considering the differences in products, we think the time-point of elevating stress level varies randomly from product-to-product. We consider a situation in which when the degradation value crosses a pre-specified value, the stress level is elevated. Under the circumstances, the time at which the degradation path crosses the pre-specified value is uncertain, and so we may regard it as a random variable. We discuss multiple-steps step-stress accelerated degradation models based on Wiener and gamma processes, respectively, and we apply the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for such analytically intractable models to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) efficiently and present some computational results obtained from our implementation.


A side view mirror adjusting device of a vehicle and a side view mirror control method are provided to adjust right and left side view mirrors automatically through the adjustment of a rear view mirror. A side view mirror adjusting device of a vehicle includes a rear view mirror(200), side view mirrors, and a controller. The rear view mirror includes a housing(210) equipped with a reflector(211), a rod(220) which has one end secured into the housing and is equipped with a ball(221), and a substrate(230) for reading motion of the ball. The side view mirrors are equipped with step motors. The controller adjusts automatically the side view mirrors in accordance with the coordinates and rotation value of the rear view mirror.


The aim of this thesis is to determine and explain EU behaviour in multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture. On the basis of past negotiations in the GATT an explanatory framework stressing ideas, interests and institutions and their role in upholding a policy paradigm is developed and then tested for the ongoing Doha Development Round of the WTO. It is found that the EU behaves in a "limited rational" way, trying to preserve an agricultural policy based on the state assistance paradigm but making it "WTO compatible". The defensive stance of the EU can be ascribed to the Commission"s continued endorsement of the idea of agricultural exceptionalism and is often reinforced by the demands of agricultural interests and institutional features that allow for only incremental change and lock the EU into the position of the most protectionist member states.


Objective To observe the delayed brain myelination of children with phenylketonuria(PKU)combined with epilepsia,and explore effectiveness of the treatment and provide an objective criteria for patient recovering evaluation.Methods There were 42 PKU patients,aged 3 to 72 months were selected.The concentration of phenylalanine tested by high pressure liquid chromatography was greater than 1.2 mmol/L in blood,diagnosed as PKU.According to electroencephalogram and clinical symptom,21 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy,the other 21 cases were used as control group.All patients were taken MRI before treatment.Myelination in 10 sections(cerebellum,pons,mesencephalon,internal capsule posterior limb,corpus callosum,internal capsule anterior limb,occipital lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,frontal lobe)were evaluated.Results Delayed myelinations were located mainly in the cerebral lobes and corpus callosum,average delayed incidence of the 10 region was 44.8% in epilepsy group and 30.9% in control group.The incidence of the corpus callsum was 80.9% in epilepsy group,52.4% in control group,the number of sections of delayed myelination showed statistically significant between 2 groups(P0.01),according to electroencephalogram,there was significantly different show a low PHE diet prevents susceptibility to seizures(P0.01).Conclusions The patients with PKU combined with epilepsia have high incidence of delayed brain myelination.Low PHE diet is effective for seizures.So delayed brain myelination might be one of the main reason to cause the paroxysm of seizures.


We study the problem of constructing an optimal cubature formula for approximate integration over the cube [0, 1] d . Our construction uses the information given by n integrals along intersections of [0, 1] d with shifts of coordinate subspaces of a given codimension k, 0 < k < d. We find a family of optimal formulas of this type for the class of functions defined on [0, 1] d which controls the modulus of continuity with respect to the max-norm in R d . When the majorant ω for the moduli of continuity of functions in the class is strictly increasing the family we find describes the set of all optimal cubature formulas.


Under the long-term influence of external incentives such as ocean current scour, human activities and geological movements, the buried depth of submarine cables is likely to change continuously. Whether the buried depth of submarine cable becomes shallow or deep, it will bring a series of serious problems. To master the real-time change of the buried depth of submarine cable can effectively avoid the external damage of submarine cable, which is beneficial to reduce the major economic losses caused by the failure of submarine cable. In this paper, the finite element method is used to build a simulation model of 35kV photoelectric composite submarine cable. The losses of metal layer and insulation layer of submarine cable are calculated according to IEC 60287 standard, and converted into heat generation rate. The organic combination of experimental measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation is realized, and finally a system with the buried depth of submarine cable as the dependent variable is integrated. Cable core temperature, ambient temperature and carrying capacity are independent variables. The results show that the difference between the simulated value of cable embedment depth obtained by the finite element method and the calculated value of cable embedment depth obtained by the general formula of the relation equation is less than 0.05m, indicating that the general formula of the relation equation fitted in this paper has high reliability and accuracy, and has certain practicability. Based on the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing technology to monitor the cable core temperature, combined with environmental temperature, load capacity, convective heat transfer and soil thermal conductivity, the prediction of cable buried depth provides a new theoretical basis.


Where can you find information after graduation? There are many free resources and resources available through memberships to professional societies.


CdTe thin films were grown by the close‐spaced vapor transport (CSVT) technique, and the sublimation rate had a transition as ambient pressure was changed. The transition is discussed in terms of diffusion and free sublimation processes. The interpretation of these results is given based on an argument on the mean free path of gas molecules. A transition in the activation energy is reported.


The relative motion law of the particles in slurry, with respect to the processed surface of the silicon, during the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of microelectronic materials is firstly discussed. The equations depicting the scratching traces of the particles in slurry on the surface of the silicon, which depend on the rotational velocities of the silicon and the pad, are obtained. It is concluded that when the silicon and pad rotate with the same rotational velocity, the material removal rate (MMR) is proportional to the rotational velocity. As an example, the scratching traces of the particles on the processed surface of the silicon are given out in the case that the rotational velocities of the silicon and pad are the same. The results are important for the understanding of the mechanism of material removal in the CMP of microelectronic materials.


For complex engineering construction system, resource scheduling of limited project duration-resource leveling is an important and difficult problem. Firstly, two kinds of classical models were realized by programming, i.e. the peak shaving model and the minimum variance model, which had been used widely in practice. And their characters were summarized and contrasted. Next, to obtain a better optimization method, the developing genetic algorithm model was introduced and improved to optimize resource scheduling. Finally, three models were applied to simulating resources leveling of the underground structure group in a practical large-sized hydropower station, and the computational solutions were achieved respectively. The analysis of these results shows that the genetic algorithm model is the best and can satisfy well the demands of practical construction. And, it will also offer good references for model selection of such problems.


Context: Fluid-particle systems are seldom used in games, the apparent performance costs of simulating a fluid-particle system discourages the developer to implement a system of such. The processing power delivered by a modern GPU enables the developer to implement complex particle systems such as fluid-particle systems. Writing efficient fluid-particle systems is the key when striving for real-time fluid-particle simulations with good scalability. Objectives: This thesis ultimately tries to provide the reader with a well-performing and scalable fluid-particle system simulated in real-time using a great number of particles. The fluid-particle system implements two different fluid physics models for diversity and comparison purposes. The fluid-particle system will then be measured for each fluid physics model and provide results to educate the reader on how well the performance of a fluid-particle system might scale with the increase of active particles in the simulation. Finally, a performance comparison of the particle scalability is made by completely excluding the fluid physics calculations and simulate the particles using only gravity as an affecting force to be able to demonstrate how taxing the fluid physics calculations are on the GPU. Methods: The fluid-particle system has been run using different simulation scenarios, where each scenario is defined by the amount of particles being active and the dimensions of our fluid-particle simulation space. The performance results from each scenario has then been saved and put into a collection of results for a given simulation space. Results: The results presented demonstrate how well the fluid-particle system actually scales being run on a modern GPU. The system reached over a million particles while still running at an acceptable frame rate, for both of the fluid physics models. The results also shows that the performance is greatly reduced by simulating the particle system as a fluid-particle one, instead of only running it with gravity applied. Conclusions: With the results presented, we are able to conclude that fluid-particle systems scale well with the number of particles being active, while being run on a modern GPU. There are many optimizations to be done to be able to achieve a well-performing fluid-particle system, when developing fluid-particle system you should be wary of the many performance pitfalls that comes with it.


Background: The mechanisms underlying the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells remain unelucidated. A recent study has revealed that microRNA-92b (miR-92b) inhibits apoptosis of glioma cells via downregulating DKK3. Notably, long noncoding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is predicted to have a possible interaction with miR-92b. Objective: This study aimed to identify whether NEAT1 affects glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis via regulating miR-92b. Methods: The expression of NEAT1 was compared between glioma tissues and adjacent tissues as well as between glioma cells and normal astrocytes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glioma cell proliferation was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and glioma cell apoptosis was determined by using the flow cytometry. Results: The expression of NEAT1 was low in glioma tissues and cells compared to the normal ones. Overexpression of NEAT1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of glioma cell lines (U-87 MG and U251). The interaction between NEAT1 and miR-92b was confirmed using RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assay, and luciferase reporter assay. Importantly, the tumor suppressor function of overexpressing NEAT1 was achieved by downregulating miR-92b and subsequently upregulating DKK3. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that NEAT1 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells, which provides a novel target in overcoming glioma growth.


larly painstaking and "old-fashioned" style of ink painting which is little understood in the West. Lim has been particularly successful in integrating into the show two highly sophisticated and acclaimed Hong Kong artists, Irene Chou and Nancy Woo. They push the "Chinese characteristics" in their work to an extreme which may be wholly unrecognizable and unpalatable to diehard proponents of traditional Chinese painting, although others would argue that it is representative of the best of Chinese painting tradition which requires true artists to innovate once technique is thoroughly mastered. These paintings (together with the wonderfully impressionistic abstract work of Tseng Yu-ho who was invited to participate but prevented by prior commitments) represent the best examples of mature and innovative works, synthesizing all that is available in Western and Eastern painting education. With their inclusion in the catalogue, Lim has given the reader a future creative focal point for Chinese painting. Perhaps, once mainland artists have obtained some measure of commercial recognition and gained experience in balancing market pressures and artistic choices, they too will be able to follow a more mature path.


We consider the problem of fixed-width confidence interval estimation of mean μ of a normal distribution with unknown variance σ2 under an additional assumption that the unknown variance σ2 has a known lower bound . We deal with the two-stage procedure proposed by Mukhopadhyay and Duggan (1997) and provide "exact" third-order approximations to the average sample size and the coverage probability with guaranteeing exact consistency. It turns out that the exact third-order approximation gives explicit relations between the coverage probability and the lower bound σ L and that it is superior to the second-order approximation in accuracy via some simulation results.


Based on the survey of western rural microfinance farmers,the influencing factors on farmer's credit was analyzed using polytomous logit model in this paper.The result showed:arable land,household appliances value,the total annual household income,loan interest rate,the level of regional economic and institutional service satisfaction significantly affected farmers' credit rating.But,farmer's age,labor size,education level,professional skills,occupation,housing value,loan amount,loan period,loan purpose as well as credit history were not significantly associated with credit rating.In addition,the internal order of a significant factor revealed the differences of the impact on credit rating.The factors that significantly influenced credit should be taken as main factors into consideration and the internal order difference as additional ones for a reasonable credit rating system construction.


As the implication of digital economy and the result of the technological innovation associated with change, new or transformed roles have been added to the online supply chain. The release of Industry 4.0 has brought about enormous changes, not only as regards to the increase of participants in the online marketplace, but also in terms of changing job responsibilities and job schedules.

Design/methodology/approach—This article defines the most important trends on the online markets based on faculty literatures, on e-commerce and e-marketing conferences and on in-depth interviews (qualitative research method) with Hungarian experts. Furthermore, the article outlines how difficult is it to include these processes for webshop operators, according to their experiences.

Findings—The article presents some results of e-commerce trends for which direction the online market might evolve and what sphere/division must focus on to exploit the opportunities of web. I tried to assess the difficulty of starting a new webshop during my research (on scale of 1–6). The innovative nature of the research is that it intends to illustrate Hungarian trends based on the processing of the professional literature of the subject.

Originality/value—Much of the discussion is based on Web 4.0 and Industry 4.0. This article pushes a few new and high priority trends and to suggest the evolution of the Internet with a reason which is based on future consumer society.


The use of spline bases has been proposed for ab initio electronic structure calculations. They offer the apparent advantage that no nonlinear parmameters occur, so that exponent optimization is unnecessary, and the number of two‐electron integrals in SCF calculations increases only as n2 rather than n4 where n is the number of basis functions. The results of test calculations on the helium atom are reported in this note. Analysis of the computer time required to achieve accuracy comparable to other methods indicates that spline bases are not suitable for SCF calculations. (AIP)


We perform a comparative study of the characteristics and capabilities of a pulsed laser system that emulates single event injection available at the UIB with respect to similar pulsed laser test facilities in Europe (EADS, IMS) and the United States (JPL, NRL). A series of experimental measurements were taken on a silicon photodiode (Centronic OSD15-5T) used in a previous comparative study conducted by the mentioned centers.


The paper concentrates on the development of a theoretical concept for the analysis and construction of sonic logos by combining together three highly different academic disciplines; that is (1) social semiotics, (2) marketing communications, and (3) musicology. I will partly draw on previous work by Theo van Leeuwen (1999), in which the concept of 'modality' (Kress 1996 is extended to auditory expressions such as spoken language, music and sound effects; and partly on research on sonic branding (cf. Palghat 2009) as well as general theories of brand recognisability and brand identity (cf. Aaker 2002) by focusing on distinctiveness , flexibility , memorability , consistency , continuity and fit as typical branding guidelines. Admittedly, the idea of integrating sonic semiotics with sonic branding is well tried, although it appears novel to embed this cross-disciplinary field in musicological terms. As a matter of fact, I will argue that pitch range and durational variation (Van Leeuwen 1999, 172-173) make up together two essential parameters of sonic logos, providing distinctiveness ), fulfilling or allowing for the fulfilment of the aforementioned six branding guidelines. Thus, developing the concept of RAF, meaning Reduced Articulation Form (Bang & Bonde 2013, forthcoming ), might be useful; i.e. a sequence of tones of varying durations regardless of timbral or voice-quality features. Considering that a sonic logo can be recognised and recalled in this utmost reduced form of articulation, it will most likely also be the case in various articulation forms being tailored specifically for certain markets, cultures, consumer segments, campaigns, etc. Consequently, this might contribute to an explanation of why certain sonic logos are or aren't successfully integrated as part of a brand.


In FMEA, the risk priority number(RPN) is used for risk evaluation on each failure mode. It is obtained by multiplying three components, i.e., severity, occurrence, and detectability of the corresponding failure mode. Each of the three components are usually determined on the basis of the past experience and technical knowledge. But this approach is not strictly objective in evaluating risk of a given failure mode and thus provide somewhat less scientific measure of risk. Assuming a homogeneous Poisson process for occurrence of the failures and causes, we propose a more scientific approach to evaluation of risk in FMEA. To quantify severity of each failure mode, the mission period is taken into consideration for the system. If the system faces no failure during its mission period, there are no losses. If any failure occurs during its mission period, the losses corresponding to the failure mode incurs. A longer remaining mission period is assumed to incur a larger loss. Detectability of each failure mode is then incorporated into the model assuming an exponential probability law for detection time of each failure cause. Based on the proposed model, an illustrative example and numerical analyses are provided.


The main goal of the present work is to estimate the effects of plasma environment on the atomic parameters associated with the K-vacancy states in highly charged iron ions within the astrophysical context of accretion disks around black holes. In order to do this, multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock computations have been carried out by considering a time averaged Debye-Huckel potential for both the electron-nucleus and electron-electron interactions. In the present paper, a first sample of results related to the ionization potentials, the K-thresholds, the transition energies and the radiative emission rates is reported for the ions Fe23+ and Fe24+.


Dr Efim Kogan is Head of the Education Department of Samara Oblast, Russia. Dr Kogan gives an insight into the often difficult process of effecting the great changes required in schools following the collapse of one system of state and transformation to another.


This study investigates the relation between Spanish and English early literacy skills in kindergarten and first grade, and English oral reading fluency at the end of first and second grade in a sample of 150 Spanish-speaking English language learners. Students were assessed in kindergarten, first, and second grades on a broad bilingual academic battery that included phonological awareness, letter knowledge, vocabulary, word reading, and oral reading fluency. These measures were analyzed using hierarchal multiple regression to determine which early reading skills predicted English oral reading fluency scores at the end of first and second grade. Predictive relationships were different between English and Spanish measures of early literacy and end of year first grade and second grade English oral reading fluency. This study has important implications for early identification of risk for Spanish-speaking English language learners as it addresses the input of both Spanish and English early reading skills and the relation between those skills and English oral reading fluency.


The goal of the therapy in type 2 diabetes is defined according to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, which reflects chronic hyper glycemia. In 2009, an acceptable metabolic control was defined as HbA1c


Artificial Immune Systems applied to network intrusion detection have been shown to perform relatively well detecting anomalies formed by connections timely and spatially clustered on small datasets. However, the performance of Artificial Immune Systems does not scale up well on large data sets, where anomalies are less likely to appear tightly clustered. In this work, we propose a collective detection with diversity activation method to detect anomalies that need not be spatially and timely clustered, aiming to improve the performance of AISs for network intrusion detection. In the proposed method, detectors are activated based on the diversity of connections that are able to match. In the detection stage, collectives of detectors are used to detect the anomalies. We conduct experiments with data obtained from a real network, verifying that the proposed method can improve detection rates of AISs significantly.


%A L. Ingber%T Path-integral evolution of multivariate systems with moderate noise%J Phys. Rev. E%V 51%N 2%P 1616-1619%D 1995Path-integral evolution of multivariate systems with moderate noiseLester IngberLester Ingber Research,P.O. Box 857, McLean, email@example.com Monte Carlo path-integral algorithm that is particularly adept at handling nonlinearLagrangians is extended to multivariate systems. This algorithm is particularly accurate for systems withmoderate noise.PA C SNos.: 02.70.Rw,05.40.+j, 02.50.-r


Objective To discuss the cleaning effect of biofilm cleaners for the endoscopic equipment,in order to clean the endoscopic equipment in the operation room thoroughly,improve the cleaning quality of surgical instruments in hospital and prevent nosocomial infection.Methods 300 polluted endoscopic equipments were selected in the operation room and were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly.Then the two groups were dealt with biofilm cleaners and multi-enzyme detergent respectively.At the end of the cleaning step,the cleaning effect were compared between the two groups.Results The passing rate of cleaning in the experimental group was 96.8%,significantly better than that of the control group,which was 78.0%.The difference between two groups had statistical significance.Conclusions Cleaning endoscopic equipment with biofilm cleaners can improve the cleaning effect of the surgical instruments,ensure the cleaning quality of the surgical instruments.

Key words:
Biofilm cleaners; Cleaning; Endoscopic equipment


Based on Ampelopsis Grassedentata as an experimental material,the paper comparatively analyzed the extracting parameters of its instant tea.The single factor experiment was used to investigate the extracting results,and the response surface method(RSM) was to optimize four factors(ratio of tea and water,extracting time and temperature,and granularity) by their effects on extracting efficiency(the total flavones,water extraction content and the total free amino acids).In the procedure of response surface design,the total flavones,water extraction content and the total free amino acids were defined as the first,second and third index,respectively,according to the data analysis the optimum extraction conditions were: ratio of tea and water at 1:25,the extraction temperature at 100℃,extraction time at 30 minutes,granularity at 20 mesh size,the first extracting contents of total flavones,the total free amino acids and water extraction reached at 31.60%,42.74% and 2.93%,respectivly.


Recovery of fur seal Callorhinus ursinus remains from archaeological sites on Kodiak Island, Alaska, shows a low harvest prior to late prehistoric and early historic time. Then there is a pronounced increase in the frequency of fur seal bones in refuse layers. Russian records do not show any significant take of fur seals from Kodiak, but by the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the next century there are reports that this animal, formerly abundant in the area, had become rare. This may indicate that conditions had reverted to their earlier prehistoric state. Key words: Alaska, fur seals, archaeology, osteo-archaeology


This chapter uses the examples of four different early modern consistories from southern France, including one situated in the Principality of Orange, an independent territory governed by the House of Nassau, to examine each of the steps from the detection of the fault all the way to excommunication. In reality, excommunication was rarely invoked. There was but a single case for Courthezon and one for Dieulefit, none at Gordes or Cabrieres d'Aigues. The consistories mostly censured people because of religiously mixed marriages, quarrels and moral shortcomings. Given the painful events surrounding the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the churches used every possible means short of excommunication to avoid "rejecting" the faithful. Keywords: Cabrieres d'Aigues; Courthezon; excommunication; House of Nassau; southern France


The dependence of spin–spin nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coupling constants on the basis set and electron correlation has been investigated in methane using Hartree–Fock and multiconfigurational self-consistent field wave functions (HF-SCF and MCSCF). The effect of the size, contraction, and tight s functions of the basis sets is analyzed. Some suggestions about the contraction scheme are indicated. MCSCF wave functions with different numbers of active orbitals and different numbers of excited electrons were used. An approximation to determine spin–spin coupling constants at a high level of electron correlation from three calculations with a smaller level of correlation and reduced computational cost is investigated. The best calculated 1JCH and 2JHH couplings are 120.63 and −13.23 Hz, respectively, which are 0.24 and 1.24 Hz smaller than those experimentally obtained for the equilibrium geometry. The remaining error in these coupling constants can be attributed mainly to correlation and not to basis ...


Background. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent lymphoma typical of the elderly population, with a median age at diagnosis of 65-70 years and median overall survival of approximately 10 years. Age is the most important prognostic factor in WM, and unrelated mortality significantly impacts survival in elderly patients. The past two decades have witnessed important treatment advances in WM, with the introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in the early 2000s and of ibrutinib in more recent years.
 Less than 10% of WM patients are diagnosed at young age, and few studies have addressed their characteristics and outcome in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Here we report the presenting features, treatment and outcome of WM patients younger than 55 years diagnosed in 12 Hematologic Centers across Italy between 2000 and 2018.
 Patients and Methods. Diagnostic criteria were those established during the second International Workshop on WM (Owen et al, 2003) and were retrospectively applied to patients diagnosed before 2003. The overall survival (OS) observed in the study cohort was compared with the expected survival of the general Italian population matched by sex, age and calendar year. The expected survival estimates were derived from Italian life tables (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, ISTAT).
 Results. The median age of patients included in the study was 50 years (interquartile range, IQR: 46-52). Their clinical characteristics at diagnosis are reported in Table 1. With a median follow-up of 5.6 years (IQR 3.1-9.1), 76 of 129 patients (59%) have been treated, at diagnosis (n=31, 41%) or after initial observation (n=45, 59%). The median treatment-free survival was 39 months. According to ISS-WM prognostic score, 58% were classified as low risk, 30% as intermediate risk and 12% as high risk. Frontline therapy included Rituximab in 71/76 patients (93%). Rituximab was associated with chemotherapy in 62 patients (82%), whereas 9 patients (12%) received a chemo-free induction. Five patients (7%) received chemotherapy only as first-line therapy (Table 2). The overall response rate (ORR) to induction therapy was 85%, including 39% CR+VGPR. Two patients received Rituximab maintenance for 2 years. The median progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line therapy was 76 months. Four of 76 patients (5%) received an autologous stem cell transplantation at relapse/progression. Overall, 14/76 patients (18%) received ibrutinib as first (n=2) or as subsequent line of therapy (n=12). During follow-up, 4/76 patients (5%) developed a solid cancer (bladder n=2, breast n=1, prostate n=1) and 2 a second hematologic cancer (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia n=1, secondary MDS n=1). Using a competing-risk model, accounting for death from any cause as the competing event, the cumulative incidence of second cancers was 2% at 5 years and 5.8% at 10 years. Three patients have died, 2 due to WM and 1 due to acute myeloid leukemia. The 5-and 10-year OS from diagnosis were 99% and 96% respectively. In a time-dependent survival analysis, considering therapy as a time-dependent covariate, the OS of treated and untreated WM patients was not significantly different (P = 0.162) (Figure 1). Among treated patients, the OS was significantly shorter in high-risk patients as compared with low- and intermediate-risk patients (5-year OS 85.7% versus 100%, P=0.018) (Figure 2). The OS of young WM patients was not significantly reduced as compared with age-, sex- and calendar year- matched general population (P > 0.05) (Figure 3).
 Conclusions. The presenting features of young WM patients resemble those typically described in the elderly WM population. Among treated patients, more than half are low-risk according to ISS-WM, confirming age as the most important prognostic factor. More than 90% of patients received Rituximab as part of the upfront treatment, mainly in combination with chemotherapy. Ibrutinib seems to be preferred over autologous stem cell transplantation in the relapsed/refractory setting. The outcome of young WM patients treated in Italy in the contemporary era was excellent in terms of both PFS and OS, with a life expectancy not significantly reduced as compared with the general population.
 Figure 1

 Varettoni: Gilead: Other: travel expenses; Janssen: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; ABBVIE: Other: travel expenses. Tedeschi:AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen spa: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Honoraria; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; SUNESIS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy. Benevolo:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Del Fabro:Janssen: Consultancy. Luminari:ROCHE: Other: Role as Advisor ; CELGENE: Other: Role as Advisor & Travel Grant; TAKEDA: Other: Travel Grant; GILEAD: Other: Lecturer . Arcaini:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Celgene, Roche, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead: Other: Travel expenses; Bayer, Celgene, Gilead Sciences, Roche, Sandoz, Janssen-Cilag, VERASTEM: Consultancy.


Cement production gives rise to CO2emissions generated by the calcinations of CaCo3 and by the fossil, being responsible for about 5% of the Co2 emissions in the world. This can be substantially reduced if cement replacement materials such as a fly ash are used Within the frame work of a comprehensive research concerning this residual of coal industries, studied some durability characteristics of concretes made with Fly ash. In this project objective is to study the influence of partial replacement of Portland cement with fly ash in concrete subjected to different curing environments. Experimental investigation on acid resistance of concrete in mgso4 solution. The variable factors considered in this study were concrete grade of M30 & curing periods of 7days, 28days, 56days, 90days, 180 days of the concrete specimens in 1%, 3%, and 5% MgSO4 solution. Fly ash has been chemically & physically characterized & partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight deterioration from sulfate attack than the mortar bars containing low LOI (less than 10%) of ground bagasse ashes, especially at high replacement levels (30-40%). 7. Otuoze and Amartey (2010): This study investigates the strength performance of concrete using partial blends of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA). SCBA was obtained by burning Sugar Cane Bagasse (SCB) at between 600-700 o C. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) conducted confirmed SCBA to be good pozzolana since the sum of SiO 2 , Al2O 3 and Fe2O 3 is 74.44%, thus, meeting the requirement of70% minimum recommended by ASTM C618 (1992). For strength test, mix ratio of 1:2:4 was used and OPC was partially replace with 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,35 and 40% SCBA by weight of OPC in the concrete. Compressive strength values of crushed hardened concrete were obtained at the ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The result shows that the performance of concrete having up to 10% SCBA replacement the BS8110 (1997) but up to 35% SCBA could be adapted for use in mass concrete. 8. Noor- ur amin(2010): This study investigates the effect of industries produced quick lime on the strength development of the quick lime –bagasse ash –cement system was monitored and presented here. Moreover new efficiency factors were calculated for activated system in an attempt to seek for the optimum quick lime addition in each case . The addition of quick lime increased both the early and later strengths of the cement –bagasse ash specimens. A 3% addition of quick lime was found to be the optimum dosage for both short and longer curing periods. 9. Srinivasanan and Sathiya (2010): This paper presents experimental investigation carried on bagasse ash and has been chemically and physically characterized, and partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% 15. Al-Amoudi: Investigate the mortar specimens made with plain cement and silica fume, immersed in Na 2 SO 4 and beyond 460 days the is by 9%. 16. Lawrence: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation in which the effects of sulfates on the initial and final setting times of ordinary Portland cement and compressive strength of concrete are investigated. It was observed that the type of sulfate and the ion concentration affect the setting times significantly, the increase in initial setting time is more prominent. The parameters reduce the compressive strength of concrete at different ages. 17. Semakoral and Nabiyuzer An investigation was carried out on the effect of sodium sulfate concentration on the sulfate resistance of mortars. Experiments were carried out on the RILEM Portland cement standard mortars and Portland cement-silica fume mortars. Sulfate exposure of mortars was initiated after 28 days of lime saturated water curing. Some physical and mechanical properties were determined periodically up to 300 days of exposure. Low concentrations of sodium sulfate not exceeding 18000mg/lit had not any significant effect on the compressive and flexural strength of mortars. However, at a concentration of 18000mg/lit some of the properties i.e., volume density, volumetric water absorption indicated beginning of rapid deterioration of mortar structure at an exposure time which could be called critical time. Concentration of 72000 mg/lit caused sharp strength reduction between 90 and 180 days for both compressive and flexural strengths. Silica fume replacement caused significant increase in sulfate resistance of mortar even at highest sulfate concentration.


Objective: The intramedullary nail is preferably used in the treatment of femoral fracture and,with its length well matching that of the femur,can increase mechanic stability and reduce complications.To determine the proper length of the intramedullary nail,the authors designed various measuring methods and analyzed different preoperative non-invasive methods for measuring the length of the femur.Methods: This study included 20 femoral fracture patients treated by intramedullary nailing operation from October 2007 to January 2009.They were 17 males and 3 females,19-84(mean 46.3) years in age,158-195(mean 168.5) cm in height,with the BMI of 17.6-31.2(mean 22.8),and all met the study criteria.The patients were asked to lie flat on the positions of knee flexion(at 90o) and knee extension(at 0o),while the straight line distance from the top of the femoral greater trochanter to the lateral knee joint space was measured for the healthy legs.After surgery,the patients underwent digital radiography and,with the intramedullary nail as the object of reference,the actual image amplification ratio was calculated and the actual length of the femur on the uninjured side was figured out indirectly.With this as the gold standard,we analyzed the values of the measurements on genuflex and knee extension positions and the mean value of both.Results: The correlation coefficients of the measurements on genuflex and knee extension positions and the mean value were 0.96,0.95 and 0.97(P 0.001),and the regression coefficients of determination R2 were 0.93,0.91 and 0.94,respectively,all with statistic significance.Conclusion: The correlation coefficient of the mean value method seems the best,and the sample regression equation is more representative,which suggests that the mean value can be used to estimate the length of the femur and then the correct length of the intramedullary nail before surgery.


Given a set E, the partitions of E are usually ordered by merging of classes. In segmentation procedures, this ordering often generates small parasite classes. A new ordering, called "grain building ordering", or GBO, is proposed. It requires a connection over E and states that A 4 B, with A,B ⊆ E, when each connected component of B contains a connected component of A. TheGBO applies to sets, partitions, and numerical functions. Thickenings ψ with respect to the GBO are introduced as extensive idempotent operators that do not create connected components. The composition product ψγ of a connected opening by a thickening is still a thickening. Moreover, when {γi, i ∈ I} is a granulometric family, then the two sequences {ψγi, i ∈ I} and {γiψ, i ∈ I} generate hierarchies, from which semi-groups can be derived. In addition, the approach allows us to combine any set of partitions or of tessellations into a synthetic one.


An important goal of structured parallel programming has been to provide a design framework that balances between the extent of abstraction built over the hardware and the amount of control given to the programmer to leverage the hardware resource features. Towards this goal, NVIDIA has released an open‐source design framework called Thrust based on C++ STL, where the developers can express the functionality in STL style, without having to know the architectural details of the underlying parallel infrastructure. While the framework is generic and portable, it does not support the right abstraction for two‐dimensional data, which is heavily used in most of the popular parallel algorithms. In this paper, we proposed Thrust2D, an extension of Thrust to support the abstraction for two‐dimensional data, targeted towards structured grid class of applications. We took several structured grid examples from Rodinia benchmark, OpenCV framework, and NVIDIA samples and rewrote them using Thrust2D. We demonstrated that, in some cases, we get nearly 80% reduction in code complexity, and for 12 out of 17 applications we have tested, the kernel performance of Thrust2D versions are well within 85% of the native CUDA versions. When we consider the total execution time, 14 out of 17 Thrust2D versions performance are within 85% of the native CUDA versions. In some cases, the performance of the Thrust2D versions has outperformed the native versions.


Anorectal amelanotic malignant melanoma is an extremely rare. There have been only 17 cases in the Japanese literature so far. We report a case of anorectal amelanatic malignant melanoma. A 58-year-old woman was seen at the hospital because of anal bleeding and anal pain. An elastic soft and elevated mass was palpated in the anal canal. The patient was diagnosed as the desease by histolagical examination of biopsy specimen which was stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Abdominoperitoneal resection was performed. The resected specimen showed a light grey tumor resembling Borrmann I type, sized 6.5×3.5×2.2cm just above the dentate line. The tumor stained positive for S-100 protein and HMB-45 monoclonal antibody. Adjuvant chemotherapy with dacarbazine, cisplatine, tamoxifen was done, but the patient died of cachexia seven months after the operation. To imorove the prognosis of the desease, we would emphasize the importance of preoperative diagnosis, especially our surgion's careful attitude to suspect the disease based on macroscopic findings.


AbstractThe empirical localization algorithm described here uses the output from an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) and constructs localization functions that minimize the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the truth and the posterior ensemble mean for state variables. This algorithm can automatically provide an estimate of the localization function and does not require empirical tuning of the localization scale. It can compute an appropriate localization function for any potential observation type and kind of state variable. The empirical localization algorithm is investigated in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5). The empirical localization function (ELF) is computed for the horizontal and vertical separately so that the vertical localization is explored explicitly. The horizontal and vertical ELFs are also computed for different geographic regions. The ELFs varying with region have advantages over the single global ELF in the horizontal and vertical, because different...


Decoding motor user intent using electroencephalography (EEG) sensors may aid individuals with limited upper extremity mobility. Researchers have successfully used Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to predict user intent from EEG. Frequency bands between 8 to 40 Hz, with 4 Hz intervals are used as inputs to FBCSP classification. While this range includes the commonly used alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (16–24 Hz) frequency bands, it excludes the delta band (0.3–3 Hz). The delta band has been shown to contain information regarding user intent. This paper investigates the accuracy of predicting user intent to reach and lift when modifying FBCSP to include combinations of alpha, beta and delta bands. This comparison was performed for clinical (32-electrodes) and commercial (12-electrodes) EEG electrode configurations using the WAY-EEG-GAL dataset. The simulated commercial configuration placement mimicked those from the Emotiv Epoc+. We predicted intent to reach (HandStart) and lift a block (LiftOff) by comparing the EEG signal to rest conditions. Intent classification accuracy is the accuracy to predict the future event before the event occurs. Maximum classification accuracy is the maximum accuracy to predict the event during the region of interest (−2.5, −2.0 sec.). Intent classification accuracy of 80.2% and 76.7% were achieved for the clinical and commercial configurations, respectively. Maximum classification accuracy of 85.9% and 83.0% were achieved for the clinical and commercial configuration, respectively. The combination of all three bands outperformed alpha-beta-only and delta-only by 0.9% and 9.9% for the clinical and 4.0% and 4.3% for the commercial for maximum classification accuracy. Using the combination of bands resulted in a maximum classification above 80% for the commercial configuration. These results suggest that including the delta frequency band can help improve the accuracy of user intent in clinical and commercial headsets.


We have previously shown that P450 dependent hepatic metabolism is increased in poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) affecting all three isozymes involved in antipyrine metabolism (Ped. Res. 21:346A, 1987). We now describe elevated P50j in lymphocytes of poorly controlled IDDM patients. P450j plays a major role in the metabolism of nitrosamine, a carcinogen, and in metabolic conversion of acetoacetate and acetone to acetol. Levels of P450j are increased in diabetic animals by specific mRNA stablization (Molec. Endocr. 1:542, 1987). In this study, P450j was measured in peripheral lymphocytes (5ml of blood), of 8 patients with IDDM (age 6-14, mean 10.2 yr) in poor control. Their Hgb A1 was 13.2±2.1% (nl<7.8%). P450 was measured using a polyclonal antibody (AB) against P450j. Lymphocytes were obtained from nl volunteers and IDDM patients, grown in tissue culture at 37°C for 4 days, in the presence of mitogen. Lymphocytes were homogenized and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis using polyclonal AB's against P450j. Levels of P450j in IDDM patients were 3-6 times higher than those of nl controls. The highest P450j levels (5 and 6 fold increases) were seen in the 2 patients with the highest Hgb A1 levels (12, 14.3%). This is the first direct demonstration of a potentially reversible elevation of a member of the cytochrome P450 gene family in IDDM using a readily available tissue source.


Lilium davidii var. unicolor is an important variety of lily with high economic, ornamental, edible, and medicinal values. Up to now, the research on polysaccharide as the main active substance is not vast, especially the effect of potassium on lily polysaccharide. Here, we investigated the effects of potassium fertilizer application on the growth and development, polysaccharide accumulation in the bulb, and differential metabolites in L. davidii var. unicolor. It was treated with fixed amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and four K concentrations comprising K0 (0 mg·L−1), K1 (447.6 mg·L−1), K2 (671.4 mg·L−1), or K3 (895.2 mg·L−1). The growth indexes were determined for L. davidii var. unicolor under different K concentrations in different growth stages. The polysaccharide contents of the bulbs were determined using the sulfuric acid−phenol method. An analysis of the differential polysaccharide metabolites was also conducted. The application of potassium promoted the growth and increased the bulb polysaccharide content of L. davidii var. unicolor, and the most suitable K concentration of 671.4 mg·L−1 had the most significant effects. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis screened 37 differential polysaccharide metabolites under K0 and K2, where 25 were significantly upregulated and 12 were significantly downregulated. Three metabolic pathways were enriched in polysaccharide-related differential metabolites, i.e., the galactose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The results could provide a theoretical basis for an improved fertilization management and the high-quality cultivation of L. davidii var. unicolor.


The influence of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PTF) on quality of life was evaluated in 45 HIV+ patients, who were undergoing initial antiretroviral therapy at a specialized care center in northeast Brazil. PTF lasted nine months and quality of life was analyzed at the 1st and 9th meetings using a questionnaire validated for Brazil. The study identified 643 problems related to antiretrovirals and there were 590 pharmaceutical interventions during the PTF. The comparative analysis between the results of the 1st and the 9th meeting was statistically significant for all domains of the questionnaire. For asymptomatic patients, only one domain was statistically significant. For symptomatic patients, six domains were significant. Patients with one year of HIV/AIDS diagnosis had statistically significant differences in five domains. The results suggest that the PTF contributed to improving quality of life, particularly for symptomatic patients and those diagnosed for at least one year - important target groups for Pharmaceutical Treatment.


German corporations such as Volkswagen, Daimler, Bosch, and Siemens are among the most research intensive in the world. Despite increased expenditure on research and development (R&D) in other countries, the importance of Germany as a location for these companies is not decreasing. Foreign companies in Germany account for a quarter of total spending by the private sector on R&D. They are increasing their expenditure at the same rate as German companies, and their technological priorities are also similar. Overall, at two percent, German companies' spending on R&D in relation to GDP is high by international standards. Not only do German corporations benefit from the opportunities to internationalize R&D, but Germany as a domestic location, which also appears to be very attractive to foreign companies, gains, too.


The application of continuous flow–extractive desorption electrospray ionization (CF-EDESI), an ambient ionization source demonstrated previously for use with intact protein analysis, is expanded here for the coupling of reversed phase protein separations to mass spectrometry. This configuration allows the introduction of charging additives to enhance detection without affecting the chromatographic separation mechanism. Two demonstrations of the advantages of CF-EDESI are presented in this work. First, a proof-of-principle is presented to demonstrate the applicability of hyphenation of liquid chromatography (LC) to CF-EDESI. LC-CF-EDESI-MS has good sensitivity compared to LC–electrospray ionization (ESI)–mass spectrometry. Second, the supercharging mechanism investigated in CF-EDESI provides an insight into a highly debated supercharging process in ESI. The results indicate that the mechanism of protein charging seen in HPLC-CF-EDESI is different from supercharging phenomena in conventional ESI. The surface tension mechanism and binding mechanism may both contribute to protein supercharging in ESI.


Two field experiments were performed on Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm during 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing seasons, to study the agronomic, physiological, and anatomical response of eleven bread wheat cultivar and lines for two irrigation regimes levels (i.e., five irrigations, (recommended as control) and only one irrigation after 21 days planting (water stress)). Results showed that the agronomic (i.e., number of days to maturity, plant height, grain yield and its components), physiological (i.e., relative water content, and chlorophyll a & b) and anatomocal estimates (i.e., thickness of leaf lamina, cuticle layer, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, mesophyll tissue, midrib, main vascular bundle dimension (length and width), collenchyma tissue, xylem tissue, phloem tissue and bulliform cells) were decreased under water stress conditions, except for proline and leaf temperature. Line 1, Line 2, Sids 14, Giza 171 and Sakha 95 were the most tolerant genotypes and may be suitable for water shortage conditions. High values of relative water content, chlorophyll and proline contents, low values of flag leaf temperature, in addition to the lowest reduction in leaf anatomical characters may be useful selection criteria for water stress tolerance in bread wheat.


The formulation of the 1955 Turkish-Iraqi Pact of Mutual Co-operation, which metamorphosed soon afterwards into the short-lived five-power Baghdad Pact, is nowadays usually seen as the direct result of the initiative taken by the United States Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, after the latter's historic trip across eleven Middle Eastern capitals in May 1953. This famous tour - the first-ever to the area by an American head of diplomacy - is now generally considered as a watershed in Middle East politics, burying plans for the long-cherished Middle East Defence Organisation (MEDO), designated to create a regional bulwark against any possible Soviet penetration, and replacing it with plans to set up the so-called 'Northern Tier' collective defence project, based on the voluntary participation of pro-Western Middle Eastern countries lying on the southern borders of the USSR. In light of the documentary evidence now available, however, this assertion can be held as true only in its broadest sense. Dulles was indeed convinced during the said tour that the continuing controversy between the British and Iranian governments over the fate of the recently nationalized Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, the conflict between Egypt and Britain over British military presence in the Suez Canal base zone, and the continuing Arab-Israeli dispute over Palestine clearly made MEDO a future rather than an immediate possibility. He also deduced that MEDO had not worked because of Western predominance. Instead, Dulles concluded that the prospect of an anti-Soviet collective defence alliance was more encouraging in Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq and Syria, where political leaders seemed to be more aware of the Communist threat. His new approach envisaged an association of local forces under an indigenous command. Outside powers could not present a blueprint and expect it to be accepted automatically. Their absence could even encourage other Middle Eastern countries to join. As the pact developed, however, Western advisers could become involved in the matters of planning and organization. The 'Northern Tier' scheme would, furthermore, separate the issues of regional defence from the intricacies of inter-Arab and Arab-Israeli politics.' Dulles understood, however, that, ultimately, for a really viable defence concept to develop fully, the participation, or at least the co-operation, of most Arab states in


Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The optimal combined modality of optimal combined modality of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, induction chemotherapy (ICT), concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for NPC remains poorly defined. None of previous studies have developed subsequent treatment strategies on the basis of stratification according to the efficacy following ICT plus anti-EGFR mAbs. This study aims to increase treatment intensity for patients with poor efficacy of ICT and reduce treatment toxicity for patients with favourable efficacy of ICT by assessing whether the efficacy of this treatment regimen is non-inferior to ICT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (historic controls). Introduction Methods and analysis Pathology-confirmed WHO type II/III NPC patients at clinical stage III–IVA (eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control staging system) will be included in the study. They will receive ICT plus nimotuzumab (NTZ), followed by radiotherapy plus NTZ or concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus NTZ (stratified based on the efficacy of ICT plus NTZ). The primary endpoint is 3-year failure-free survival rate; while the secondary endpoints are 3-year overall survival rate, distant metastasis-free survival rate and locoregional recurrence-free survival rate, and short-term remission rate of tumour and treatment toxicity. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. Implementation strategies are in place to ensure privacy and confidentiality of participants. Trial registration number ChiCTR2000041139.


Dedication To my parents and my husband vi Contents List of Tables and Figures viii Acronyms xi Acknowledgements xii Abstract xv Samenvatting xvii


Behavioral finance research shows that investors do not act purely rationally when they seek investment advice, but are influenced by numerous irrational behavior patterns. In this respect, the author analyses the case law of Germany's Federal Court of Justice [Bundesgerichtshof] on investment advice. In particular, the author critically examines the investor protection concept of the Federal Court of Justice, which is based on personal responsibility.
Firstly, the study shows which irrational behaviors typically occur in an investment advisory situation. Then, it analyses whether the duties of the investment advisors are sufficiently aligned with these behaviors, and whether the intended investor protection can actually be achieved. Finally, the author develops suggestions for improvement that relate to various duties of the advisors, as well as to the investor protection concept.


The paper briefly reviews the practice of western urban planning profession from the view of the changing domain of the profession, the identity crisis of urban planning profession and planner's special knowledge domain. The paper argues that the social-spatial process is the exclusive knowledge domain of planner and much attention should be paid to spatiality in the development of urban planning academic. These two points are very important to the identity rebuilding of urban planning profession.


We have used the parametrization of the profile function proposed by us in an earlier paper to predict the large-t differential cross section for pp elastic scattering at CERN ISR center-of-mass energies ..sqrt.. = 23.5 GeV and above. For ..sqrt.. = 53 GeV this extends our -t range from 0.0 < or = -t < or = 5.2 GeV/sup 2/ to 0.0 < or = -t < or = 8 GeV/sup 2/. We predict a second dip at -t = 5.6 +- 0.5 GeV/sup 2/. (AIP)


From arsenical cattle-dipping fluids from Queensland, in which spontaneous oxidation of arsenite to arsenate had occurred, 15 strains of bacteria were isolated which are able to bring about oxidation of arsenite in culture media. Their characteristics, their taxonomy, and some factors which influence their arsenite-oxidizing activity are described. The strains share many common features, but do not form a homogeneous group. They are regarded as constituting five species, of which three belong to the genus Pseudomonas, and one to the genus Xanthomonas, in the family Pseudomonadaceae; the remaining species is allotted to the genus Achromobacter, in the family Achromobacteriaceae.


Plate anchors are used in many instances in both onshore and offshore construction. The primary function of these anchors is to transmit the upwardly-directed forces into the soil at a certain depth below the ground surface. Anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize structures subjected to uplifting forces. However, most of the theoretical and/or experimental studies which have been undertaken to scientifically evaluate the holding capacity of anchors have been conducted during the last thirty years or so. Also, a review of the existing literature shows that most of the results published thus far on the ultimate and allowable capacities of anchors relate to those in which the anchor is embedded in granular soil. Most of the findings presently available on the ultimate uplift capacity of plate anchors embedded in saturated and near-saturated clays were conducted as small-scale laboratory model tests. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the major aspects of the short-term holding capacity of plate anchors in clay ({phi} = 0 condition) and make recommendations on possible areas of future research.


This display device (100) is connected via a communication network to a first operation device (110) and a second operation device (120) that operate display data to be displayed on a screen, and causes the display of the display data on the screen in a accordance with a request by the first operation device (110), wherein the display device (100) is provided with: a display unit (101) that receives and causes the display on the screen of the display data transmitted by the first operation device (110); and a substitute acquisition unit (102) that acquires from the first operation device (110) an identifier identifying operation information that is information for operating the display data that the display unit (101) displays, and when the acquisition of operation information is requested of the second operation device (120), causes the second operation device (120) to acquire the operation information indicated by the identifier.