Growth and development re spons es of three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ·grandifl ora (Ramat.) Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum ·morifolium Ramat.)) cultivars ('Bright Golden Anne', 'Iridon', and 'Yellow Snowdon') to photoselective plastic fi lms with varying concentrations (0 to 0.22 g·m-2 ) of a far-red (FR) light absorbing dye were investigated under greenhouse con di tions. Photoselective fi lms reduced stem elon ga tion of all three cultivars. The greater the dye con cen tra tion in the fi lm, the greater and earlier the reduction in stem elongation. After 4 weeks, 'Yellow Snowden', 'Bright Gold en Anne', and 'Iridon' plants grown under the fi lm with the highest dye concentration (A fr3 fi lm) were 21%, 26%, and 26% shorter than control plants, respectively. Height reduction under photoselective fi lms was caused by short er internodes. Photoselective covers were most effective in reducing the stem elongation during the early vegetative period. Fol low ing transition to the re pro duc tive stage, weekly stem elongation rates were reduced. At the time of fl owering, 'Yellow Snowden', 'Bright Golden Anne', and 'Iridon' plants grown un der the fi lm with the highest dye concentration (A fr3 fi lm) were 12%, 7%, and 14% shorter than con trol plants, respectively. Photoselective cov ers did not affect the an the sis of chry san the mum cultivars, but resulted in a 10% to 14% reduction in fl ower diameter de pend ing on the cultivar. Although the fi lms with higher dye concentration were more ef fec tive in reducing stem elongation of chry san the mum, increased dye con cen tra tion re duced light transmission. Thus, photoselective covers that reduce light trans mis sion over 25% would not be suitable for com mer cial pro duc tion.


A nozzle unit for cross-linking of eye tissue is disclosed. The nozzle unit comprises a dosing device for providing a predefined dose of a photosensitizer, a pressure- generating device for generating a pressure in the dosing device, and an outlet nozzle for discharging the dose of the photosensitizer, in a puff-type manner and in the form of at least one stream or stream bundle, through an outlet opening of the outlet nozzle.


The simulation of resin flow during the resin transfer molding (RTM) process through multilayered textile fabric of known permeability and porosity has been attempted in this study. A simple three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model has been developed and the results of the simulation are compared with the experimental RTM resin flow through multilayer interlocked woven structures. A multiphase simulation model is observed to reasonably predict the time for RTM mold filling. Fabric structural influence in terms of an Interlacement Index (I) has significant influence on the resin flow behaviour of the multilayered preform. A higher I of the preform means a longer time to fill the mold in both the experimental and simulated results. Images of the simulated flow front has been compared with the experimental results and it is observed that not only the mold filling time, but also the area of resin flow in the multilayer perform, is influenced by a fabric structural factor, I.


THERE IS AN unmistakable air of authenticity in Halls' paper and some of his arguments are buttressed by empirical evidence. For the most part, however, I find it largely a discursive, somewhat perplexing discussion of certain situations in English education as Halls sees them. It is the sort of discussion that might take place in a Senior Common room at teatime. Charming, urbane, and interesting enough, Halls' essay nevertheless contains, I am afraid, too many vulnerabilities and unsupported generalizations. Halls accepts a definition of an elite as a single group "holding power and prestige, and knit by a cultural solidarity." He then describes an elite consisting first of two and then of many groups, including "television personalities, sportsmen, and the like." He says these elites have nurtured different cultural types, which is fine, since they could hardly do anything else; but since these types seem to include just about everybody who has been, shall we say, successful in life, the word "elite," in my view, loses the special meaning Halls himself ascribes to it.


In 1990, the EMDI Project in Indonesia asked me to conduct a study that would help the Ministry of Environment build a case for protecting one of the largest tracts of mangrove in the world. Bintuni Bay was located in the most remote part of this vast country, but was the site of a shrimp export industry and the subject of intense pulpwood logging. Earlier work by conservation groups had identified the 300,000 5/15/03 1:27 PM Evaluating Bintuni Bay: Some Practical Lessons in Applied Resource Valuation


The articles [15], [3], [16], [8], [4], [2], [17], [13], [7], [10], [12], [9], [11], [14], [1], [6], and [5] provide the terminology and notation for this paper. The following propositions are true: (1) Let G be a group and let H1, H2 be subgroups of G. Then the carrier of H1 ∩ H2 = (the carrier of H1) ∩ (the carrier of H2). (2) For every group G and for arbitrary h holds h ∈ SubGrG iff there exists a strict subgroup H of G such that h = H. (3) Let G be a group, and let A be a subset of the carrier of G, and let H be a strict subgroup of G. If A = the carrier of H, then gr(A) = H. (4) Let G be a group, and let H1, H2 be subgroups of G, and let A be a subset of the carrier of G. If A = (the carrier of H1)∪ (the carrier of H2), then H1 ⊔ H2 = gr(A). (5) Let G be a group, and let H1, H2 be subgroups of G, and let g be an element of the carrier of G. If g ∈ H1 or g ∈ H2, then g ∈ H1 ⊔ H2. (6) Let G1, G2 be groups, and let f be a homomorphism from G1 to G2, and let H1 be a subgroup of G1. Then there exists a strict subgroup H2 of G2 such that the carrier of H2 = f ◦(the carrier of H1). (7) Let G1, G2 be groups, and let f be a homomorphism from G1 to G2, and let H2 be a subgroup of G2. Then there exists a strict subgroup H1 of G1 such that the carrier of H1 = f −1 (the carrier of H2). (8) Let G1, G2 be groups, and let f be a homomorphism from G1 to G2, and let H1, H2 be subgroups of G1. Suppose the carrier of H1 ⊆ the carrier of H2. Then f ◦(the carrier of H1) ⊆ f ◦(the carrier of H2). (9) Let G1, G2 be groups, and let f be a homomorphism from G1 to G2, and let H1, H2 be subgroups of G2. Suppose the carrier of H1 ⊆ the carrier of H2. Then f −1 (the carrier of H1) ⊆ f −1 (the carrier of H2).


A model is presented for the thermodynamic properties of the aqueous mixture of carbon dioxide, up to 30 mol% composition, in a large range of temperatures (400–1000 K) and pressures (0–100 MPa) around the critical point of water. The model for the Helmholtz free energy of the mixture is based on the principle of generalized corresponding states, with the NBS/NRC Steam Tables as the reference state for pure water. Input to the model are data for the critical line of the mixture, apparent molar volume and pVTx data in supercritical water, phase boundaries, excess enthalpies and mixture second virial coefficient data. Comparisons are presented with those data, with Henry's constants and with other formulations available for this system. Phase boundaries and tabulated values of molar volumes, enthalpies, and fugacities are presented along 35 isobars from 0.05 to 100 MPa, for four compositions, x=0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30, respectively, at 19 temperatures in the range of 400 to 1000 K. For the same pressures...


AbstractIn Alaska and other permafrost regions, cut slopes are often required in order to achieve roadway design grades in ice-rich permafrost areas. However, excavation of a cut slope and subseque...


Background: Pain is a common clinical symptom in patients with OA of the knee joint, especially during activity or loading. Further due to OA of the knee joint is the decrease of functional activity, especially the difficulty of rising to sit, walk, up and down stairs and others. The condition is caused by changes in the structure of the knee joint itself, ranging from narrowing between joints resulting in the joints become unstable and formation of osteophytes.
Objective:This study aimed to determine the difference of therapy MWD, US and QE forpain reductionof knee OA, knowing the effect of therapeutic US andMWD forpain reductionof knee OA, and todetermine differences ineffect between therapy MWD, US andQE by the US and MWD against Oaknee pain relief.
Methods:This research is a quasi experimental study. Design research is that two groups pre and post test design. In this study the author uses primary data is by taking the data before and after the intervention. The subjects of the research were used in this study were 30 subjects using consecutive sampling technique that all the samples there and met the study criteria included in the study up to the amount that need met. Test the effect on each group is used to determine the results before and after therapy. Test two groups of pairs of pre and post, then the analysis of the data used is Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney.
Results: Based on the Mann Whitney test group I to group II is the result post therapy p = 0.030 (p <0.05) means that there are significant quadriceps Exercise to decrease knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: there is a positive effect of the addition of quadriceps Exercise therapy Diathemy Micro Wave and Ultrasound in reducing the degree of pain in patients with osteoarthritis.
Keywords: Quadriceps Exercise, MWD & Ultrasound Therapy, Pain Knee osteoarthrosis


The derivation of the Fuoss distribution function for ion pairs in a strong electrolyte is discussed. An improvement of this function is proposed which is adapted to the calculation of the number of associated pairs. In a simple case the association is computed with the corrected and uncorrected functions and compared with the exact value obtained from the law of mass action.


textabstractThe molecular processes that drive leukemogenesis from senescent bone marrow are largely unknown. The aim of this thesis is to understand the molecular basis of BM senescence in response to DNA damage, and how these steps subsequently contribute to leukemogenesis. Ercc1 deficient mice are deficient in both NER and ICL repair and display signs of premature aging in the BM. Because Ercc1 is involved in the FA pathway of ICL repair we used this model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of BM failure and subsequent leukemogenesis as seen in FA. Important questions in this respect are: (i) Is BM failure specifi c to
defective ICL repair, or to the overall aging phenotype (Chapter 2), (ii) what is the influence of Ercc1 levels on senescence in the hematopoietic system (Chapter 3), (iii) which tumor suppressor mechanisms are responsible for BM failure as seen in Ercc1 deficient mice (Chapter 4), and (iv) is the poor response to Epo specific to the lack of Fanconi proteins or secondary to
senescence (Chapter 5). Finally, we investigated whether activation of p53 counteracts Wnt signaling (Chapter 6). In order to address these questions we analyzed FA deficient erythroblasts isolated from fetal liver (Chapter 5), compared the phenotypes of Ercc1-/-, Ercc1-/d and Ercc1d/d mice (Chapter
3), generated double knockout mice which lack either the tumor suppressor gene Cdkn2A (p16INK4A/p19Arf) or p53 in an Ercc1 hypomorph background (Chapter 4) and analyzed the effect of the Wnt signaling pathway in primary erythroblasts derived from fetal livers (Chapter 6).


The authors respond to Dan Goldhaber and Dominic Brewer's article in the Summer 2000 issue of Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis that claimed from an analysis of NELS teacher and student data that teacher certification has little bearing on student achievement. Goldhaber and Brewer found strong and consistent evidence that, as compared with students whose teachers are uncertified, students achieve at higher levels in mathematics when they have teachers who hold standard certification in mathematics. (The same was true to a somewhat lesser extent in science.) However, they emphasized their finding that, "Contrary to conventional wisdom, mathematics and science [students] who have teachers with emergency credentials do no worse than students whose teachers have standard teaching credentials " and suggested that certification be abandoned. This article critiques the methodological grounding for this finding and presents additional data on the characteristics of the small sub-sample of teachers in NELS data base who held temporary and emergency credentials. It finds that most of these teachers have qualifications resembling those of teachers with standard certification, and that those who have more education training appear to do better in producing student achievement. It also reviews the literature on teacher education and certification as the basis for evaluating Goldhaber and Brewer's claim that states should eliminate certification requirements and proposes additional research that would illuminate how teacher education and certification operate-and could better operate-to enable teachers to succeed in their work.


Dear Editor, Five billion people lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical care when needed [1]. As a result, nearly 18 million people die from surgically treatable conditions every year – over five times the mortality of malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS combined – whereas one-third of the global burden of disease is amenable to surgery [1]. Global surgery, conceptually, can be defined as 'an area for study, research, practice, and advocacy that places priority on improving health outcomes and achieving health equity for all people worldwide who are affected by surgical conditions or have a need for surgical care' [2]. In 2015, the World Health Organization formally acknowledged global surgery's integral role in attaining universal health coverage by unanimously adopting the World Health Assembly Resolution WHA68.15, 'Strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia as a component of universal health coverage' [3]. Confronting its colonial past, Belgium has expanded its global health efforts in the past few decades; however, the country's involvement in global surgery has been lacking to date. There are good reasons to consider Belgium as a growing player in the global surgery arena. First, InciSioN – International Student Surgical Network, the world's largest global surgery trainee network uniting over 5000 students and young doctors from over 80 countries, has its official seat in Belgium since its inception in 2016 [4]. In 2018, the inaugural InciSioN Global Surgery Symposium took place in Leuven, Belgium, convening individuals from 49 countries to discuss global surgery matters. Second, Brussels, the capital of Belgium and the heart of the European Union, is a melting pot of like-minded institutions. For example, M edecins Sans Fronti eres (Doctors Without Borders) has been supporting access to emergency and essential surgical care in war-torn and crisis settings across the globe. In turn, Enabel, formerly called the Belgian Technical Cooperation, has supported surgical system strengthening interventions across lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), which can be further scaled to meet the demands of local populations. Lastly, non-governmental organizations such as Chain of Hope have developed sustainable, bilateral relationships with LMIC settings to provide complex surgical care, such as pediatric cardiac surgery, whilst contributing to local capacity-building. Moving forward, several opportunities arise. The recent development of the standardized Flanders-wide Master of Science in Global Health follows the Institute of Tropical Medicine's Master of Science in Public Health to become the first comprehensive global health-oriented Master program at Belgian universities. While not yet including global surgery in its current curriculum, the focus on health systems and governance can serve as a stepping stone to introduce conceptual models such as National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Plans (NSOAPs) to leverage holistic health systems strengthening in LMICs [5]. On the ground, these processes can be supported by Enabel to accelerate the NSOAP movement around the world. Furthermore, the growing understanding and interests of students and residents in the sustainable health systems approaches of global health and global surgery should serve as an impetus to build on existing momentum to train future generations of global surgeons, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists in Belgium. Indirectly, this may lead to a better understanding of residents and clinicians of the social layers of and inequities within patient care in the Belgian health care system, and promote trickle-up or reverse innovation, introducing low-cost innovations developed in LMICs to high-income country settings. Lastly, the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, one of the world's leading tropical medicine institutions, has the potential to leverage its existing network and global health expertise to break down vertical disease silos and expand health systems strengthening interventions. Building on a strong domestic academic and medical legacy, supported by institutional global health expertise and developmental capacity, Belgium can play an increasingly important role in the expansion of surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia care to the five billion people worldwide without. It is now up to the country's policymakers, professional societies, and academic institutions to leverage the global momentum and position itself on the global surgery map.


One of bedrock principles of federal Indian law is a centuries-old understanding that the tribes, as "domestic dependent nations," have "government-to-government" relationship with the federal government, which has a trust obligation concerning the tribes, their sovereignty, and their cultural resources. Although this relationship was first judicially articulated in the 19th century, it was interpreted to require federal "consultation" with the tribes under a series of executive orders beginning in the 1970s and the National Historic Preservation Act. However, this government-to-government consultation has been largely disappointed the tribes, which have often complained that federal agencies have reduced it to procedural "box-checking," with little or no evidence of substantive results. As a result, the tribes have called for "meaningful consultation" and resulting "collaborative management" going forward.

This paper discusses the origins of the modern consultation doctrine and considers several case studies which have and have not produced substantive results. We draw some lessons from the case studies that the Biden Administration, which has professed an interest in engaging in meaningful consultation, may draw upon. If it does, tribes may gain an important management role concerning off-reservation resources that are significant to their history and culture.


Abstract A direct synthesis of multi-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines via palladium(II)-catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) cascade coupling and intramolecular cyclization in the presence of ligand was developed. This reaction originates from phenylboronic acids and readily synthesized 2-carbonyl- or 2-formylpyrroloacetonitriles, and affords products in good to excellent yields for a diversity of substrates. Additionally, a possible mechanism for the transformation is proposed.


The storage and exhibition conditions of objects in many Asian museums are disastrous; Often this is due to the curators' lack of awareness with regard to conservation problems. Suitable training and research to find solutions applicable to the local context are absolutely necessary.


The aim of this paper is to establish the analytical solutions corresponding to two types of unsteady flows of fractional Maxwell fluid in a duct of rectangular cross-section. The fractional calculus approach is used in solving the problems. With the help of the methods of separation of variables and Laplace transforms, the expressions for the velocity field and the volume flux are presented under series forms in terms of the generalized G functions. Similar solutions for Newtonian and ordinary Maxwell fluids, performing the same motions, are also obtained as the limiting cases of our solutions. Furthermore, the influence of pertinent parameters on the flows is delineated and appropriate conclusions are drawn.


ABSTRA C T Cosmological perturbation theory (PT) is a useful tool to study the cumulants of the density and velocity fields in the large-scale structure of the Universe. In Papers I and II of this series we saw that the spherical collapse (SC) model provides the exact solution to PT at tree-level and gives a good approximation to the loop corrections (next-to-leading orders), indicating negligible tidal effects. Here, we derive predictions for the (smoothed) cumulants of the velocity divergence field v ; =·v for an irrotational fluid in the SC model. By comparing these with the exact analytic results of Scoccimarro & Frieman, it is shown that, at least for the unsmoothed case, the loop corrections to the cumulants of v are dominated by tidal effects. However, most of the tidal contribution seems to cancel out when computing the hierarchical ratios, TJ oh v J i = h v 2 i J π 1 . We also extend the work presented in Papers I and II to give predictions for the cumulants of the density and velocity divergence fields in non-flat spaces. In particular, we show the equivalence between the spherically symmetric solution to the equations of motion in the SC model (given in terms of the density) and that of the Lagrangian PT approach (given in terms of the displacement field). It is shown that the Q dependence is very weak for both cosmic fields even at one loop (a 10 per cent effect at most), except for the overall factor f ﷿Qfi that couples to the velocity divergence.


While business leaders have always struggled with technology investment decisions, the recent collapse of the technology sector and the tight economy has only heightened their concern. Leaders continue to see studies reporting that 75% of technology projects fail, yet business strategy gurus emphasize the importance of technology for future business success. In the utility industry, this struggle is further complicated by the uncertain future of deregulation. On one hand, utility leaders feel compelled to invest in technology to improve service and lower costs. On the other hand, they are concerned about which investments to make and how to insure that they achieve the expected return on their technology investments. The utility industry has learned the importance of planning to meet consumer expectations of reliable and cost effective electricity. Failure to plan for generating capacity, transmission and distribution system expansions and upgrades, and customer service systems, can literally leave consumers in the dark! Cooperatives, who have a long history of service to their membership, are even more sensitive to the importance of planning. But technology seems so different! Technology experts seem to speak a different language! Technology changes so rapidly, there is always the latest and greatest gadget, or a new upgrade of software! And it looks like you have to be very young to really understand it! Technology is really no different than any other issue faced by cooperative leaders. The key is to determine how experience with other challenges can relate to technology decisions. Understanding the needs of members and planning to meet those needs is the core of a cooperative's success. Cooperative leaders should focus on planning for the technology that best supports their members. This planning should be done within the context of a broad understanding of how technology can impact the utility industry. Utility leaders do not have to understand the bits and bytes of the technology, but rather, they must understand how to plan and manage technology from a business perspective. The balance of this article will examine technology in relation to utility business issues and present an analytical framework to insure that technology investments are aligned with the most pressing needs of the business. BUSINESS ISSUES Leaders must have a clear understanding of the business issues that drive technology investments. The questions in Table #1 are designed to evoke discussion about significant strategic business issues facing every cooperative. Utility organizations are typically functional silos that create an environment that makes seamless customer service difficult to implement. Despite what we would like to think about ourselves, we often make it difficult to do business with us. While the utility industry is primarily a "hard asset" business, the softer, information assets are growing in importance. Information must be planned, managed, and maintained, just like any other asset. Privacy and legal/regulatory issues also must be considered. Experience in other industries has demonstrated that technology enables businesses to work together in new ways to add value to customers. Leaders must understand how they are connected, both internally and externally, to serve customers better. For example, by integrating data in a geographic information system, customer information system, and work management system, it could be possible to restore service during outages faster. While the concept of electronic commerce has been maligned and abused, it is, in fact, an important aspect of how businesses operate today. TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Once the answers to the above business questions have been discussed, leaders can begin to consider general technology issues using the questions in Table #2 as a guide. Technology has accelerated the rate of change in business. …


Sensor-based approaches to assessment and quantification of soil quality are important to facilitate cost-effective, site-specific soil management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of visible, near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to estimate multiple soil quality indicators (SQIs) and Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) scores. A total of 234 soil samples from two depths (0–5 and 5–15 cm) were obtained in 2008 from 17 agricultural management systems located in the Central Claypan Region of Missouri, USA. The VNIR spectra were obtained on oven-dried and field–moist soil, and calibration models were developed with partial least squares (PLS) regression. Models were evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²), residual prediction deviation (RPD), and the ratio of prediction error to interquartile range (RPIQ). The most reliable estimation results were achieved using oven-dry soil for organic C, β-glucosidase, total N, the biological SMAF score, the organic C score, and the β-glucosidase score (R² ≥ 0.76, RPD ≥ 2.0, RPIQ ≥ 3.2). Using field-moist soils, the most reliable estimation results were achieved for organic C and the organic C score (R² ≥ 0.80, RPD ≥ 2.1, RPIQ ≥ 3.6). Incorporating the bulk density score and P score as auxiliary variables with the VNIR spectra improved estimation of the overall SMAF soil quality score for oven-dry soil (R² = 0.76, RPD = 2.0, RPIQ = 3.1) and field-moist soil (R² = 0.75, RPD = 1.9, RPIQ = 2.8). These results demonstrate the robustness of VNIR estimation of biological SQIs, and illustrate the potential for rapid, in-field quantification of soil quality by fusing VNIR sensors with auxiliary data obtained from complementary sensors or supplemental analyses.


The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of natural materials added to the rice straw fermentation process; and to find the best formula for organic fertilizers to increase nutrient uptake, growth, and rice grain yield in newly opened and intensive lowland. The research was conducted at West Sumatra AIAT's laboratory and lowlands at Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia from July to December 2017. The first research included three formulas of organic fertilizers and the second included six treatments produced from the first research. The results showed that increasing amount of titonia from 200 kg to 400 kg and rock phosphate from 5 kg to 20 kg per ton of rice straw increased compost's nitrogen and phosphorus content of the compost from 1.22% to 1.36%, and from 0.75% to 1.68% respectively. Application of compost without inorganic fertilizers in newly opened lowland decreased 23% of yield and increased 4.7% yield when combined with inorganic fertilizers. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased 10-12% yield and decreased 10% of yield without inorganic fertilizers in intensive lowland. Application of organic fertilizer without inorganic fertilizers not significantly influenced the growth. Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is the best way to increase lowland rice yield.


The working process of a multistage scroll compressor with oil injection is analysed and discussed. A mathematical model of the working process and an optimisation procedure are established. Experimental results obtained from a 2 stage oil injected scroll compressor are used to demonstrate the correctness of the model. INTRODUCTION New types of scroll compressor have been studied in the compressor field by many research workers. Because they offer many advantages over other types of compressor, scroll compressors occupy a position of major importance in the freezer· and air conditioning world. Their use in pneumatic handling systems is however limited. The main reason against their use is that at the higher pressure ratios required, the internal leakage increases considerably and causes a marked decrease in volumetric efficiency. This is because the compression process relies on a good seal between the fixed and moving scrolls in the compressor. Where specific manufacturing tolerances are required a gap must exist. Additionally heat transfer within the scroll compressor is poor and the higher working temperature causes the lubricating oil to deteriorate and leads to a decrease in the working life of the moving parts. For the above reasons, more efficient cooling measures have to be used with high pressure scroll compressors. Multistage stage compression and oil injection are thus used. If this procedure is adopted then a key question becomes, what are the optimum stage pressure ratios? This question poses a key problem in the design of multistage scroll compressor systems. The paper presents a mathematical model and an optimisation technique to determine the optimum internal pressure ratios for a multistage oil injected scroll compressor. MATHEMATICAL MODEL 1. General considerations The optimisation of the internal pressure ratio for a multistage scroll compressor is usually constrained by the fact that the free air delivery is required to be constant. In a multistage


Darwin's (1859) theory of evolution by natural selection accounts for the adaptations of organisms, but, as Fisher (1930) famously said, 'natural selection is not evolution.' Evolutionary theory has two major components: i) natural selection, which involves the underlying dynamics of populations; and ii) adaptive evolutionary change, which involves the optimisation of phenotypes for fitness maximisation. Many of the traditional theoretical frameworks in evolutionary theory have focussed on studying optimisation processes that generate biological adaptations. In recent years, however, a number of evolutionary theorists have turned to using frameworks such as the 'replicator dynamics' or 'eco-evolutionary dynamics', to explore the dynamics of natural selection. There has, however, been little attempt to explore how these dynamical systems frameworks relate to more traditional frameworks in evolutionary theory or how they incorporate the principles that embody the process of evolution by natural selection, namely, phenotypic variation, differential reproductive success, and heritability. In this thesis, I use these principles to provide the formal foundations of a general framework—a mathematical synthesis—in which the future state of an evolutionary system can be predicted from its present state; what I will call a 'dynamical systems theory of natural selection.' Given the state of an existing biological system, and a set of assumptions about how individuals within the system interact, the job of the dynamical systems theory of natural selection is no less than to predict the future in its entirety.


In this paper, we present a case-based reasoning system for rendering expressive music performances in the context of popular jazz themes. Music performance by skilled musicians is far from being a literal translation process from notes written at the score to sounds with the nominally described attributes. These score deviations can vary greatly from one musician to another musician and represent the musician style. The case-based reasoning system presented deals with this problem as a time series prediction problem.


Whole plant corn silage is an important component of dairy cow nutrition. Growing conditions in a moderate climate, as are present in large parts of Europe and North America, are often beneficial for mould contaminations to occur. Very commonly, varieties of Fusarium spp. grow on the corn plant producing the non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN). Numerous studies have shown that ZEN massively interacts with the porcine reproductive system. Nevertheless, only a few studies have assessed the possible effects on dairy cows, most publications being field studies following accidental exposure. Therefore, it was aim of the present study to assess the effects of a controlled dietary exposition on selected reproductive parameters in dairy cows. The chosen exposure concentration was within the range of the 'Commision Recommendation on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding' of the European Union. Corn plants were artificially inoculated with Fusarium spp. and the silage obtained from the whole plant was analysed to determine to which degree the silage contained ZEN. Thirty Holstein Friesian cows and heifers (aged between 2 years 3 months and 5 years at calving) were allocated to 3 groups with 10 animals each: control (CTL), uncontaminated silage; ZEN 50, silage with 0.25 mg of ZEN/day; and ZEN 100, silage with 0.5 mg of ZEN/day. The contaminated rations were distributed by automated feeding stations to ensure an equal uptake. Feeding began 7 days post-parturition. Blood samples were obtained twice weekly for 12 weeks and were analyzed regarding the progesterone level via radioimmunoassay. At the same time, the oestrous cycle was monitored by ultrasonography. Furthermore, the size of the corpus luteum (CL) was measured 7 ± 2 days after the third ovulation. Simultaneously, the luteal blood flow was documented via Doppler ultrasonography. The peripheral blood progesterone level (xgeom. ± CV; CTL: 9.3 ± 1.7; ZEN 50: 8.5 ± 1.6; ZEN100: 7.1 ± 1.5) did not differ among groups. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect differences in luteal blood flow, size of the CL (mean ± SD; CTL: 6.4 ± 1.7 cm2; ZEN50: 5.9 ± 1.3 cm2; ZEN 100: 5.0 ± 1.0 cm2) or the ratio of luteal size and size of the area supplied with blood (CTL: 0.1 ± 0.1; ZEN 50: 0.1 ± 0.0; ZEN 100: 0.1 ± 0.1). Although the mean length of the oestrous cycles (n = 60; distributed among groups) did not differ among groups (CTL: 24.0 ± 1.7 days; ZEN 50: 27.2 ± 1.6 days; ZEN 100: 27.7 ± 1.4 days), it was possible to detect an interaction between the age of the animal and the treatment regarding the cycle length in tendency (P < 0.07) by two-way ANOVA. The results of the present study indicate that, independent of the age of the animal, exposure to ZEN even within recommended dosages might result in an endocrine disruption in dairy cows. A larger sample size would contribute to the verification of these findings. Further analyses regarding the peripheral level of 17β-estradiol as well as molecular examinations are under progress.


A non-invasive neoplastic process that affects the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. It is characterized by the presence of morphologic features of dysplasia (e.g., architectural and cytological epithelial alterations) or, in a minority of cases, lack of such morphologic features, as in colonic sessile serrated adenomas/polyps.


Minnesota recently completed a trial using unmanned aircraft systems to inspect bridges. They found that the drones have their advantages—and disadvantages.


The paper is concerned with the investigation of dental caries treatment by the modern method based on the application of special composite material that can diffuse into the damaged zone, harden by light and prevent tooth decay. Carious disease was modeled as a diffusion process of acid penetration from the oral cavity into the tooth enamel with further dissolution of dental hard tissues in the subsurface layer of enamel. The model of dental caries was mathematically formulated. The solution was obtained by a numerical method using MATLAB. It is shown that the proposed model adequately describes the properties of the examined dental system.


Dynamic textures are common in natural scenes. Examples of dynamic textures in video include fire, smoke, trees in the wind, clouds, sky, ocean waves etc. The fire is characterized using efficient features and detection of the same using a suitable processing. Every pixel is checked for the presence or absence of fire using color features, and periodic behavior in fire regions is also analyzed. In this paper we use combined approach of color detection, motion detection and area dispersion to detect fire in video data. Firstly, the algorithm locates desired color regions in video frames, and then determines the region in the video where there is any movement, and in the last step we calculate the pixel area of the frame. The combination of color, motion and area clues is used to detect fire in the video.


Shows Union and Confederate works in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia.
Relief shown by hachures.
Gift; Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch; July 7, 1942.
LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), S181, 127
Indicates coverage of 5 additional maps described under CW 131 and S200.
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
LC copy imperfect: Sectioned horizontally into 2 sheets, each 45 x 75 cm., lower right corner repaired, minor rips at bottom center of both sheets.


Currently privately operated enterprises in our country are facing the question of starting an undertaking for the second time on the whole.It is the growth time,the production way,the life cycle and the growth rule of privately operated enterprises that determine the construction of enterprise culture should be taken much attachment to.This article proposes the reconstruction way and method of enterprise culture,and elaborating cultural reconstruction model from three dimensions of government,enterprise and society as well.


We propose a concept of internal structure and a relativistically covariant method of unifying the external and internal structures, leading to a dynamical Lie algebra without superfluous generators. In this framework we study in more detail a Lie algebra unifying external space with an internal 3‐space, and several representations which describe models of composite particles and give rise to various mass formulas capable of describing the hadron spectrum; we make use of both unitary irreducible global representations and partially integrable, Schur‐irreducible, symmetric local representations.


Based on the analysis of the natural and human background,including topography,climate population,economics,and so on,.the distribution,characters,formation and development mechanism of geological disasters in South Qinghai Plateau were analyzed.By selecting the assessment indices of causing natural disasters factors and disaster bodies according to natural disasters systematic theory,the map of natural hazards and the vulnerability map of regional disaster bodies in the area were achieved by geographic information system analyzing.Overlaying and analyzing the map of natural environment sensitiveness to disasters,the map of natural hazards and the vulnerability map of disasters bodies by GIS,the basic units of natural disasters regionalization of South Qinghai Plateau was achieved.After dealing with the attribute database of the map of natural disasters regionalization basic units,in the light of given regionalization principles,and by combination with the dividing quantitative method of bottom-up and top-down,the comprehensive regionalization of natural disasters was made and four major disaster regions and 10 sub-regions were obtained.Furthermore,natural disasters,environment and social economy of every region were elaborated in detail.


INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 361 I. TEMPORALITY IN VOTING THEORY AND DOCTRINE................ 365 A. Temporality in Theory .......................................................... 365 1. The Group Dimension.................................................... 368 2. The Institutional Dimension........................................... 370 3. The Temporal Dimension .............................................. 372 B. Temporality in Doctrine........................................................ 374 1. Partisan Gerrymandering Jurisprudence ...................... 376 2. Vote Dilution Jurisprudence .......................................... 382 II. POTENTIAL OBJECTIONS TO INTER-TEMPORAL AGGREGATION ............................................................................. 384 A. Assembly Fetishism ............................................................... 385 B. The Enforceability of Bargains ............................................ 391 C. Evaluating Aggregation and Judicial Competence............. 394 D. The Problem of Entry and Exit............................................ 395 III. THE CONSEQUENCES OF VOTING RIGHTS' TEMPORAL DIMENSION ................................................................................... 399 A. The Voting Rights Act and Second-Order Diversity .......... 400 B. Partisan Gerrymandering and Anti-Competition Theory..................................................................................... 404 C. One Person, One Vote Doctrine .......................................... 408 CONCLUSION....................................................................................... 413


Serious mental illnesses (SMIs), like bipolar disorder (BD) can have a significant negative impact on individuals' lives, but ability to anticipate manic and depressive mood episodes before they occur can lead better treatment outcomes. BD and its symptoms can also show through online behaviors, suggesting an opportunity to use an online data-driven approach to managing BD. However, designing technologies to support individuals with SMIs have unique concerns, such as privacy and agency. In this proposed work, I mean to understand the feasibility and acceptance of a BD intervention system that uses online behavioral data to infer mood episode onset. Throughout this I mean to explore patient and clinician needs for managing BD through a data-driven intervention, as well as attitudes toward sharing personal data within social support networks to help support treatment, to develop a prototype for future evaluation. In conclusion, I present preliminary findings on patient acceptance, common problematic behaviors, and the role of patient-clinician relationships.


We investigate nonlinear propagation of two co-propagating modes linearly coupled by a photo-induced resonant traveling-wave grating. The observed grating-induced cancelation of modal group-delay is a signature of resonance solitons associated with a gap in wave-number.


Background
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS), a genetic overgrowth disorder is typified by exomphalos, macroglossia and neonatal gigantism. The molecular basis is known in approximately 80% of patients and is heterogeneous involving epigenetic and genetic changes at chromosome 11p15.5. An uncommon cause is a point mutation at CDKN1C found in approximately 5% of cases. When found, 1/3 of CDKN1C mutation is familial. We describe the first Malaysian family with CDKN1C mutation c.232C > T (Q78X), their clinical features, issues related to genetic counselling and subsequent follow-up.


There have been anecdotes from dowsers that the dowsing response changes during solar eclipses. Scientists have also explored this and reported on novel interactions between earth and cosmos by examining temporal changes in the environmental field as assessed by changes in the dowsing response during astronomical events such as solar eclipses and comets traversing our Solar System (Lugovenko, 1999). In order to test for possible changes in the environmental energy field during this solar eclipse, we used the Bio-Well instrument with Sputnik accessory along with its software for computer data acquisition. This was one of three experiments that we conducted to look for novel phenomena associated with the solar eclipse that traversed the US on August 21, 2017.


Of all the aging phenomena, NBTI phenomenais one of the major factors causing performance degradationinCMOS VLSI analog integrated circuits with time. Aging analysis of variations in key output parameters of an analog circuits due to NBTI and other aging phenomena is an essential step in analog chip design. Due to the aging phenomena in VLSI circuits the threshold voltage of MOSFETs change over long durations of time, typically 5-10 years. In this work, our aim is to examine the aging degradation of a typical biasing circuit at 65 nm technology node due to Vth variations arising from NBTI effect. We have considered a typical nanoscale CMOS biasing circuit consisting of 12 MOSFETs to analyse the performance degradation due to NBTI Phenomenon over a period of 10 years. The change in Vth (dvth) has been calculated for the PMOS transistors in the biasing circuit using the MOSRA tool. The biasing voltage (Vbias-n) generated by the circuit shows areduction in bias voltage with increasing time (years 0 to years 10). The biasing voltage (Vbias-n) is found to be 0.30786 Volts (year 0), 0.30446 Volts (year 5) and 0.30382 (year 10). The outcomes suggest that the NBTI degradation may severely affect the performance of nanoscale CMOS analog VLSI circuits such as the biasing circuit considered here.


The reaction of 1-substituted Indenes with diborane or N-bromoacetamide (NBA) in protic solvents has been investigated to determine the effect of an increase of steric bulk of the substituent on the stereochemical course of addition. In the hydroboration reaction the proportion of the products via attack by diborane from the less hindered side increases, as the steric bulk of the substituent at C-1 increases. The reaction with NBA in aqueous dioxan, followed by acetylation, gave a mixture of 3-substituted-1-acetoxy-2-bromoindans with trans,trans and trans,cis-configuration: 1-phenylindene gave mainly trans,trans-1-acetoxy-2-bromo-3-phenylindan, while trans,cis-1-acetoxy-2-bromo-3-methylindan was the major product in the case of 1-methylindene.


Hechi City is located in northwest Guangxi Province,one of the most famous karst regions in southwest China with high temperature and precipitation.The area's upper Paleozoic Devonian,Carboniferous,Permian and Triassic carbonate sedimentary rocks have a total thickness of nearly 10,000 meters.The karst topography in Hechi is well developed,concentrated and morphologically diverse.Three periods of the Landsat TM images were selected(1900,2000 and 2010) to investigate space-time dynamic changes in the fractional vegetation coverage and changes in the karst and non-karst regions,delineation of the different vegetation cover and their change in area according to the dimidiate pixel model based on NDVI.It was shown that during the 20 year period from 1990 to 2010,the area of high vegetation coverage increased from30.81%to 53.66%of the total study area.However,the medium-low,medium and medium-high fractional vegetation coverage areas decreased from 9.63%to 8.54%,17.25%to 9.88%,and 31.97%to 26.74%respectively during the same period.This shows that,over nearly 20 years,returning farmland to forests in karst regions has been an effective rocky desertification control measure.The change in the area of low fractional vegetation coverage was greater in the karst districts than in the non-karst districts,with change rates of 37.74%in karst and 3.28%in non-karst over nearly 20 years.But changes in the area of medinmlow,medium,medium-high and high fractional vegetation coverage were greater in non-karst than in karst,with change rates of 54.3%,57.47%,26.75%,75.77%in non-karst and 34.84%,43.07%,16.34%,71.55%in karst.The change in the area of medinm-low and medium fractional vegetation coverage from1990-2000 was greater than that from 2000-2010,with the change rates of 4.68%,0.11%and 5.68%,1.79%for these two periods.But the change in the area of low and medium-high fractional vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2010 was greater than that from 1990 to 2000,with the change rates of 1.75%,5.07%and 1.64%,3.59%in these two periods.In non-karst,the change in the area of high vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2010 was greater than that from 1990 to 2000,with change rates of 8.38%from 1990 to 2000 and 16.04%from 2000 to 2010.The differences in the change of vegetation fraction between karst district and non-karst district are mainly due to differences in lithological conditions.


This article considers the event-triggered control for the active seat suspension system with time-varying full-state constraints. Consider that communication resources may be limited, this article proposes a dynamic relative threshold strategy to reduce the communication burden of actuator and controller. Compared with the fixed value as a trigger condition, the dynamically changing thresholds as trigger conditions are more general and universal. The time-varying full-state constraint problem is solved by using the barrier Lyapunov function. In addition, the radial basis function neural networks are employed to approximate the unknown terms. Then, all signals in the resulted system are bounded, and the Zeno behavior can be avoided successfully. Moreover, all the system states satisfy their corresponding constraint condition. Finally, the feasibility and rationality of this method are proved by the simulation analysis of a real example of a seat suspension system.


Abstract For the use of green energy and ubiquitous computing, this study investigates miniature electric generators that are constructed with piezoelectric benders. Electric power is generated by vibratory deformation of piezoelectric benders. Three different designs of piezoelectric generators are created and compared in this study by using mechanics analysis. The result shows that the cantilever design yields more power than symmetric and airfoil designs. Experimental results show that generated voltage rises with not only attached point masses, but also the swing frequency of a swing arm, to which the proposed piezoelectric generator is attached. In addition, At 6.5 Hz swing frequency, the maximum power 0.3μW is generated.


There is an automatic speed control area on main road 51 between Kirkkonummi and Karjaa. In September 2007, intensified automatic speed control was tested on the same road section. In intensified control, controlled hours were strongly increased, all speeding incidents were reacted to and the public was extensively informed about the control. The current survey examined the effect of intensified control on traffic behaviour, on the number of violations to process and on the workload of the police. As a result of the intensified control and the lowered penal threshold, the average speed of the traffic decreased 3-4 km/h at various measurement points. Later, speeds slightly increased; the long-term effect is thus estimated to be 2-3 km/h. During the survey, the share of both major (more than 20 km/h) and minor speeding dropped to half, and at some measuring points to a third. The traffic speed distribution became narrower, and the distance between vehicles grew slightly. The share of drivers driving fairly slowly or very slowly (more than 10 km/h below the speeding limit) increased a little, but the numbers were still so low that they should have no significant effect on the general fluency of the traffic. During the intensified control experiment, the cameras picked up 3.4% of the traffic volume as speeding, compared to approximately 10% at other times. 0.4% of the traffic volume drove at a significant (more than 10km/h) overspeed, the normal share being approximately 3%. Based on the observed change in average speeds it was estimated that in addition to the effect of previous automatic speed control, intensified automatic control decreases the number of accidents leading to personal injury by approximately 7%, and the number of lethal accidents by 13%. The intensified control of a 43 km road section required the work of 4-6 people. If it were assumed that the results of the survey could be applied as such to the entire road network currently under automatic control, the intensified automatic control would save tax payers approximately 13 million euros, including savings from fewer accidents. This calculation does not include the annual income of more than 40 million euros from fines resulting from intensified control since, in a socioeconomic sense, fines are not considered a saving but an income transfer. This report may be found at http://www.lintu.info/PUUTTUMISKYNNYS.pdf


Sulphate measurement using a barium sulphate turbidimetric method in solutions with high concentrations of organic material is shown to be problematic. The organics give background colour, which introduces a positive error to the measured absorption, and inhibit the barium sulphate precipitate, which results in a negative error. A carbonate fusion pretreatment of the sample results in the removal of the organic matter and associated interferences. With this pretreatment, excellent sulphate recoveries were obtained (100%). Rigorous testing of the method shows that reproducible and accurate results are obtainable.


Introduction: Camellia nitidissima Chi. leaves or yellow camellia is a traditional Chinese herb called "Jin Hua Cha" in Chinese medicine. It is commonly used for the treatment of liver diseases, faucitis, diarrhea, edema, hypertension, and tumor. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of the extracts from Camellia nitidissima Chi. leaves. Materials and Method: Dried Camellia nitidissima Chi. leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol (F1), then further extracted with 40-60% petroleum ether (F2), ethyl acetate (F3), n-Butanol (F4) and water (F5) individually to obtain 5 fractions. The plant extracts were determined for antioxidative activity by DPPH assay, and cytotoxicity effect to HepG2 hepatoma cell line by MTT assay. Results: The results demonstrated the different potency of action among the different extracts. The F5 (water fraction) had notable anti-oxidative potential with EC50 of 63.31 ppm. Based on the lowest IC50 at 184.0 µg/ml of F4 (n -butanol fraction) this fraction should be further studied for anti-cancer activity. Conclusion: The antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity to a HepG2 hepatoma cell line of Camellia nitidissima Chi. leave extracts were studied. However, further studies should consider identifying related mechanisms, effcacy of action, and safety for use.


Compositions ifetrobana having good solubility even after prolonged storage, and having a pH of an aqueous dispersion of at least 7, which contains ifetrobana salt thereof, one or more basifying agents such as magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate, in the form of tablets comprises one or more fillers such as mannitol and / or microcrystalline cellulose, one or more dispersing agents such as crospovidone, one or more lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, optionally one or bole e improving agents flow properties, such as colloidal silicon dioxide, one or more binders such as pregelatinized starch (dry binding agent) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (wet binding agent), and optionally coated with a film, comprising a film forming agent such as hydroxypropyl cellulose and a plasticizer, such as 1,2,3-propanetriol.


Describes the way of adding software process oriented cost-metric and cost control capability to software engineering environment(SEE).Firstly,software process oriented cost model is introduced,different from the cost model based on product-analyzed,defines the reusable software process as the object of cost-metric.And then provides ontology of software process and cost-metric in order to give a semantic background of cost-metric object and metric data.Also describes how to measure cost and improve software process under the SEE.Finally gives the function module of the system.


A new branch-and-bound algorithm for the maximum weight clique problem is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases, a precomputation phase and a branch-and-bound phase. In the precomputation phase, the weights of maximum weight cliques in many small subgraphs are calculated and stored in optimal tables. In the branch-and-bound phase, each problem is divided into smaller subproblems, and unnecessary subproblems are pruned using the optimal tables. We performed experiments with the proposed algorithm and five existing algorithms for several types of graphs. The results indicate that only the proposed algorithm can obtain exact solutions for all graphs and that it performs much faster than other algorithms for nearly all graphs.


Cerebellar brain abscesses most often develop secondary to the contiguous spread of infection from an ipsilateral otogenic site. Less commonly, cerebellar abscesses have been associated with a hematogenous source.1 We report a cerebellar brain abscess temporally associated with a tongue piercing procedure that was complicated by an apparent postprocedure infection managed successfully and with the review of the relevant literature.


So, this post is not going to detail issues about cigarette smoking, because not only is cigarette smoking far less socially acceptable, but many Muslims recognize that it is haram, even if some are stuck at the makruh mistake. Initially, when the harmful effects of smoking were not proven scientifically, scholars hesitated on giving the haram ruling, and instead considered it makruh (disliked). However, one would have to be sitting in a cave not to now KNOW and RECOGNIZE the direct link that exists between cigarette smoking and extremely harmful effects to the body, including lung cancer.


The method of making imitation prawn meat with shrimp meat adopts adhesive of glutamine transaminase in 0.3-0.5%, fish meat and soybean protein and the making process including crushing shrimp meat, salt dissolution, mixing the adhesive, letting stand, molding and stoving. The product of the present invention has better flavor, high nutritious value and obvious imitation effect.


The prototypical semantic meaning and syntactic structures of "give" and "get" from the perspective of the "transfer of property" causes Japanese students at the University level a lot of trouble in both verbal and written discourse. The purpose of this study was to try to uncover the possible mental links these students were making with these verbs, and find out how these two very important and interrelated verbs are being misused, possible reasons for this misuse, and how they can be better understood and produced by Japanese learners of English. Through this research, it would appear that more comprehensive pedagogical practice that encourages students to see and experiment with the fuller ranges of verbs and their complements could help students to understand and produce these verbs more enthusiastically, confidently, and competently. In order to conduct this research, a test was administered to 96 students with fourteen questions separated into three sections, completed within ten minutes. The results showed that, generally speaking, it appears as if the students are having an extremely hard time reproducing the correct usage of both "give" and "get" in the second language (L2). More research should be conducted to find out more about the reasons for the difficulties and how Japanese students can successfully overcome them.


1 Philosophical presuppositions of logical AI Extinguished theologians lie about the cradle of every science as the strangled snakes beside that of Hercules. —T. H. Huxley Q. Why bother stating philosophical presuppositions? Why not just get on with the AI? A. AI shares many concerns with philosophy—with metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind and other branches of philosophy. This is because AI concerns the creation of an artificial mind. However, AI has to treat these questions in more detail. AI research not based on stated philosophical presuppositions usually turns out to be based on unstated philosophical presuppositions. These are often so wrong as to interfere with developing intelligent systems. That it should be possible to make machines as intelligent as humans involves some philosophical premises, although the possibility is probably


Summary of second-order rate constants from ion-pairingtreatment of kinetic data for reactions of 6 with EtOM in anhydrousEtOH at 25.0 ± 0.1 o C. EtOM ‒ k EtO‒ /M 1 s ‒1 k EtOM /M ‒1 s k EtOM / k EtO‒ EtOK 48633706.93EtONa 385664017.2EtOLi 43613503.10 tively. Alkali metal ethoxides have been reported to exist as dimmers or other aggregates in a high concentration region (e.g., [EtOM] > 0.1 M). 14 However, it has been suggested that EtOM exists as dissociated and ion-paired species in concentration below 0.1 M. 14 Since the current reactions were performed in a low concentration region (e.g., [EtOM] < 0.012 M), one might expect that both dissociated EtO ‒ and ion-paired EtOM react with substrate 6 as shown in Scheme 2. EtOM Products + 6 EtO- + One M + EtO + 6 Products k EtOM k - K d Scheme 2 One can derive a rate equation as eq (1) based on the mecha-nism proposed in Scheme 2. Since the reactions were performed under pseudo-first-order conditions,


A computer-assisted modelling facility, called MODELLER, has been produced for continuous system simulation. Originally designed for those with limited or no computing experience, it also has appeal to the simulation expert. The specification of a model, together with a description of the experiment to be performed on that model, are entered by responding to prompts from the software. The dialogue contains many interactive features. Simulation experiments may be performed either by using MODELLER's own run-time system, or by generating a pro gram in a suitable language. MODELLER contains its own editor and automatically preserves specifications on file. The design of MODELLER is discussed and several examples of its use are given.


A fast method of face detection based on the skin color model is given,It is a balancing algorithms with the speed and accuracy requirements.First,extracts the skin color district of the image,then processing it with PDE method, and roughly filtrates the skin color district on the size of the area.Then based on the original gray image corresponding to the roughly filtrated skin color district,this paper fixes the position of the eyes using the geometric character of the eyes.Last processing it with edge detecting,and gives a method based on eye socket similar to the character of ellipse,so fix the face district.


This paper investigated the present productive situations and existing problems of 10 bamboo shoot and bamboo processing enterprises whose production values are over 10 millions in Jian'ou City,and raised the developmental countermeasures.


Absorbance spectra and excitation spectra of chlorophyll a fluoresence were recorded during the light‐induced deepoxidation of violaxauthin to zeaxanthin in bean leaves (Phaseolus coccineus) greened under intermittent light. Light minus dark fluorescence excitation difference spectra showed distinct minima at 440, 465, and 500 nm corresponding to maxima in the absorbance difference spectra. Both difference spectra were prevented by the deepoxidase inhibitor dithiothreitol and were inverted when zeaxanthin was epoxidized. The fluorescence excitation difference spectra were successfully modeled by considering the absorbance differences between violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, assuming no energy transfer from the two pigments to chlorophyll a, and accounting for light‐induced scattering changes. The pigment stoichiometry and the scattering changes of the simulation were in accordance with experimental data. The results indicate that, in the early stage of leaf development, light absorbed by the cycle pigments violaxanthin and zeaxanthin is not transferred to chlorophyll.


Statement of the problem. The fundamental signs of human activity are its conscious and purposeful nature. The ability of a person to independently formulate goals acts as a fundamental characteristic of its subjectivity. The problem of the development of goal-setting in childhood is associated with such areas of its formation as intellectual, creative, communicative, educational activity, as well as the formation of volitional, emotional, and regulatory functions. Despite the fact that goal setting is a subject of study in philosophy, acmeology, pedagogy, psychology, social psychology and sociology, nevertheless, information about the development of goal setting in preschool age is incommensurably small in comparison with the significance of this function. Moreover, the questions of the influence of the family on the development of children,s ability for purposeful activity are extremely poorly described.
Hence the purpose of the article is to bring out the influence of family structure on the development of the goal-setting productive activity of 5–6 year-old children.
The research methodology includes analysis, comparison and synthesis of research works by foreign and Russian scientists on the following problems: the role of goal-setting, goal-setting and goal-creation in activities, the role of the structural characteristics of the family in the development of mental functions of a preschool child; empirical research methods to diagnose the development of goal-setting activity; methods of mathematical statistics to identify the reliability of differences in the data.
Research results. The theoretical information about the nature of the manifestation of goal-setting in preschool age, as well as the role of this phenomenon in the development of self-regulation and self-organization of children is presented. The results of an empirical study reveal typical behavioral signs that indicate the level of goal-setting among children, provides information on the development of productive goal-setting activity of 5–6 year-old children, gender characteristics of development, the influence of structural characteristics of the family on the formation of goal-setting ability.
Conclusion. The information obtained in this study allows pedagogical forecasting of the development of the ability to set goals based on the analysis of the composition of the family in which the child is brought up, and timely measures to ensure the development of this function in preschool children are made. The results allow us to reasonably implement an individual approach to a child, as well as optimize the development of volitional, regulatory and educationally significant qualities of a child through the organization of children,s activities and the education of family members.


A modern system theory point of view is offered for the design of sequencing controllers for discrete event manufacturing systems, whereby the controller is considered as separate from the workcell. The controller has a rule-based structure with inner loops where no shared-resource conflict resolution is required, and extra control inputs in an outer loop to resolve conflict and remove deadlock (where needed). The controller design is based on the required task sequence and the available resources; it is described by linear (i.e. matrix) and nonlinear logical equations. The controller-workcell interaction expressed both in qualitative and quantitative terms supports a rigorous analysis of conflicts and deadlock. Three methods for conflict and deadlock resolution related to current work are efficiently incorporated in the general design framework. The design algorithm naturally accommodates a performance analysis in terms of the (R,max,+) representation as a consequence of the link established between that approach and the rule-based controller equations. Compatibility with other analysis/design techniques is briefly addressed.


ABSTRACT Stress among criminal justice professionals is generally associated with turnover intention. This study uses survey data from over 700 state and federal probation officers from the same southern jurisdiction to explore factors significantly related to turnover intention. Pearson correlation and a structural model reveal significant relationships between a variety of variables such as the agency where a probation officer works, perceptions of participation in workplace decision making, job satisfaction, and physical stress as predictors of turnover intention. The results support the importance of job satisfaction, participatory management, positive work environment and physical stress as factors related to turnover intention.


In this study, the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of some amino acid methyl esters (L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-lysine, L-tryptophan, and L-tyrosine) were investigated. The effect of amino acid methyl ester compounds on antibacterial performance was determinated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The effect of amino acid esters on cell viability was investigated against cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines using the MTS assay. The results showed the substances had low antimicrobial effect on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was found that the studied substances did not have a toxic effect on cell growth in non-cancerous cells. For this reason, it is thought that the results obtained will contribute to research on new synthesizable compounds based on amino acid esters and studies on drug development.


Virus antigens of avian influenza type A H3N2 were detected on two different microfluidic platforms (microchannel and droplet). Latex immunoagglutination assays were performed using 390 and 920 nm highly carboxylated polystyrene beads that were conjugated with antibody to avian influenza type A virus. The bead suspension was merged with the solutions of avian influenza virus antigens in the Y-junction of a microchannel, made by polydimethyl siloxane soft lithography, through which 45° forward light scattering was measured. Alternatively, 10 µL droplets of a bead suspension and an antigen solution were merged on a superhydrophobic surface (water contact angle = 155°), their movement was guided by a metal wire, and 180° back light scattering was measured. All optical measurements were made on micropositioning stages to help generate reproducible optical signals. Microfluidic manipulations and optical detections were made simultaneously in a single setup. Detection limits were 1.0 to 2.2 fg per assay, or 0.1 pg mL-1, which is superior to any reported methods of detecting avian influenza type A virus by several orders of magnitude. Total assay time was less than 10 min.


A multi-user multiple-input single-output simultaneous wireless information and power transfer full-duplex system with imperfect channel state information is considered. Under the assumption that the unknown channel estimation error is within a certain range, the self-interference cannot be suppressed completely at the base station and at the multi-user nodes. The proposed design problem is formulated as maximizing the average harvested energy of multi-user nodes and maintaining the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio requirement, which is proved to be non-convex. Utilizing semidefinite relaxation and S-procedure methods, a convex optimization problem of optimal beamforming vector for the multi-antenna transmitter is obtained. Moreover, semidefinite relaxation is proved to be tight by showing the existence of rank-one optimal solutions. Simulation results are presented to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with the non-robust design.


Abstract : File characteristics: Software; 400 files on diskette; ASCII character set; 2 diskettes; Physical description: 3 1/2 diskette high density; System requirements: Mainframe or workstation; VMS; Fortran computer, 3MB of storage. A digital computer program which calculates static stability, high lift and control and dynamics derivative characteristics using the methods contained in the USAF Stability and Control Datcom (rev. Apr 76).


ARISE APPARATUS MIXER GLUE BONE comprising a chamber mixer (2), a mixer element (4) rotatably mounted in the chamber mixer (2) and drive means (7) to cause rotation of the mixer (4) . In a conformation, the drive means (7) are a MANGO axially movable relative to the mixing chamber (2). A gear mechanism between the handle (7) and the mixer element (4) Transforms axial movement of the handle in the rotation of the mixer. IN SHAPING THE OTHER drive means (7) they are supported by a muff (9) of the chamber (2). DEVICE AND COVER MEDIA DRIVES be separated from the camera and mixer element (4) so the muff and impellers MEDIA COULD BE USED WITH A NEW CAMERA AND A NEW ELEMENT MIXER.


To assess the feasibility and validity of the International Dementia Alliance (IDEAL) instrument for Informal Caregivers (IDEAL‐IC), which is based on the IDEAL instrument for professionals (IDEAL‐P), for staging individuals with dementia.


Network video server mjpg_streamer is used in remote video monitoring,real-time monitoring by mobile phone or pad for a specific area and combine with GPRS technology to implement SMS alarm function。The mobile terminal can log on the Web server to remote control devices to take emergency measures by Zig Bee network. System information processing center uses CortexA8 core analyzer and process the information from the information collection center,PC and mobile terminal. Information collection center uses Cortex-M0 core to achieve warning,collect information and authenticating. The experimental results indicate that the system has high sensitivity,high reliability and good market prospects.


Two field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The soil of the experimental field was low in organic carbon content and slightly alkaline in nature. One experiment was conducted in two dates (Timely and late sown) in main plot and four barley varieties (DWRUB 52, DWRB 101, BH 902 and RD 2849) in sub-plot during 2014-15 and 2015-16. Another experiment was conducted on row spacing (20.0, 22.5 and 25.0 cm) as main plot and three barley varieties (BH 902, BH 946 and RD 2552) in sub-plot during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Timely sown (15th-19th November) barley recorded higher grain yield than late sown (December 15). Varieties DWRUB 52 and DWRB 101 performed better than BH 902 and RD 2849 under different sowing dates. The grain yield recorded in 22.5 cm row spacing was better than 20.0 cm but similar to 25.0 cm row spacing. The variety BH 946 recorded higher grain yield than BH 902 and RD 2552 in different row spacing.


Particle emission measurements from a fleet of 14 CNG and 5 Diesel buses were measured both for transient and steady state mode
s on a chassis dynamometer with a CVS dilution system. Several transient DT80 cycles and 4 steady sate modes (0, 25, 50 100% of
maximum load) were measured for each bus tested. Particle number concentration data was collected by three CPC's (TSI 3022, 3010
3782WCPC) having D50 cut-offs set to 5, 10 and 20nm respectively. The size distributions were measured with a TSI 3080 SMPS with a 3025 CPC during the steady state modes. Particle mass emissions were measured with a TSI Dustrak. Particle mass emissions for Diesel buses were upto 2 orders of magnitude higher than for CNG buses. Particle number emissions during steady state modes for Diesel busses were 2 to 5 times higher than for CNG busses for all of the tested loads. On the other hand for the DT80 transient cycle particle number emissions were up to 3 times higher for the CNG buses. More detailed analysis of the transient cycles revealed that the reason for this was due to high particle number emissions from CNG busses during the acceleration parts of the cycles. Particles emitted by the CNG busses during acceleration were in the nucleation mode with the majority being smaller than 10nm. Volatility measurements have also shown that they were highly volatile.


One of the important limitations of the standard glm procedure for estimation of the parametres of logistic regression model in R is the size of the data that is kept in the memory, i.e. the original sample and algorithm speci c temporary data, e ectively restricting both cardinality and dimensionality of the sample. The biglm package makes possible to overcome the restriction on the number of observations present in the sample. But it still leaves the dimensionality limitation, due to the second order algorithm being used to t the models. The possiblity of use of the rst order, stochastic gradient descent optimization method creates a tradeo between the rate of convergence and the maximal dimensionality of the sample. Interestingly, in case of smoothly regularized logistic regression (e.g. L2 based, rigde estimate), it is possible to parallelize the rst order method w.r.t. data sample, greatly improving the computation time of a single iteration and in practice reducing the adventage of second order method. The gradient-based approach outlined above has been implemented in the Netezza Analytics package using Netezza Performance Server as a database


The property of bending elasticity deformation for prestressed cylindrical helical spring was studied.Through carrying out force bearing analysis on the spring ring and utilizing the correlated theory of mechanics of materials,the relationship between bending moment and bending angle was derived while the spring was subjected to the action of bending moment.The computation formula of bending angle of spring was obtained,and an optimization was carried out on the parameters.Through experimental verification,it is shown that the being put forward formula has a rather high accuracy,and could satisfy the requirements of engineering design,thus laid a foundation for the following-up study on the dynamics property of spring system,and at the same time provided certain theoretical basis as well for the design of new springs.


Research highlights: We investigated bioclimatic relationships between Scots pine seed mass and seed zones/climatypes across its range in Russia using extensive published data to predict seed zones and seed mass distributions in a changing climate and to reveal ecological and genetic components in the seed mass variation using our 40-year common garden trial data. Introduction: seed productivity issues of the major Siberian conifers in Asian Russia become especially relevant nowadays in order to compensate for significant forest losses due to various disturbances during the 20th and current centuries. Our goals were to construct bioclimatic models that predict the seed mass of major Siberian conifers (Scots pine, one of the major Siberian conifers) in a warming climate during the current century. Methods: Multi-year seed mass data were derived from the literature and were collected during field work. Climate data (January and July data and annual precipitation) were derived from published reference books on climate and climatic websites. Our multiple regression bioclimatic models were constructed based on the climatic indices of growing degree days > 5 °C, negative degree days < 0 °C, and annual moisture index, which were calculated from January and July temperatures and annual precipitation for both contemporary and future climates. The future 2080 (2070–2100) January and July temperatures and annual precipitation anomalies were derived from the ensemble of twenty CMIP5 (the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) global circulation models (GCMs) and two scenarios using a mild RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6 scenario and an extreme RCP 8.5 scenario. Results: Site climate explained about 70% of the seed mass variation across the Scots pine range. Genetic components explained 30% of the seed mass variation, as per the results from our common garden experiment in south central Siberia. Seed mass varied within 3.5 g (min) and 10.5 g (max) with the mean 6.1 g (n = 1150) across Russia. Our bioclimatic seed mass model predicted that a July temperature elevated by 1 °C increased seed mass by 0.56 g, and a January temperature elevated by 5 °C increased seed mass by 0.43 g. The seed mass would increase from 1 g to 4 g in the moderate RCP 2.6 and the extreme RCP 8.5 climates, respectively. Predicted seed zones with heavier seed would shift northwards in a warming climate. However, the permafrost border would halt this shifting due to slower permafrost thawing; thus, our predicted potential for Scots pine seed zones and seed mass would not be realized in the permafrost zone in a warmed climate. Our common garden experiment in central Siberia showed that trees of northerly origins produced lighter seeds than local trees but heavier ones than the trees at the original site. Trees of southerly origins produced heavier seeds than local trees but lighter seeds than the trees at the original site. Conclusions: The findings from this study could serve as blueprints for predicting new landscapes with climatic optima for Pinus sylvestris to produce better quality seeds to adjust to a warming climate.


high density in the outer protein shell of the mutant implies a movement of protein on maturation to the native virus. X-ray small-angle scattering from the the mutant particle showed that the small piece of encapsidated DNA, unlike that of the native particle DNA, does not give rise to the 1/29 A` maximum (4) and is therefore not ordered in a similar manner. Considering the extremely icosahedral shape of the virus as seen in the electron microscopy, we can convert the spherical shell model into an equivalent scattering icosahedron (4) which gives us a measure of the overall real particle dimensions. For both the mutant and native virus this yields a distance between fivefold vertices of 520 A. This value is confirmed by electron-microscopy measurements from specimens in amorphous ice that give 515 ± 15 A, corresponding to a water content of -0.3 g/g of virus, which is reasonable. The distance between fivefold axes also yields a hexon-hexon distance -103 A which agrees well with values obtained from isolated GON either by x-rays (98-100 A) or by EM in amorphous ice (101 A). They are larger than expected from a close packing of the hexons, which would correspond to -89 A. This implies that another protein, perhaps protein IX, plays a role in the capsid integrity. Indeed, in image reconstructions of GON we see rather tenuous contacts between adjacent hexons. Colby and Shenk (6) observed, however, that the mutant H5dl313, which lacks protein IX, is able to form rather fragile but complete capsids. We do not know the dimensions of these capsids and must conclude that this observation merely shows that close packing is possible, and that a looser packing, perhaps modulated by protein IX, is found in the native virus.


The present invention provides a device that carries out a suitable sleep enhancing measure in accordance with the state of each user during sleep. The sleep enhancing device (1) comprises: a measuring terminal (100) provided with a sleep level determining unit (112) that measures the sleep state of a user (M) in the state of being mounted on the user (M); and a gas releasing unit (200) that releases a sleep enhancing gas (G) that enhances the sleep of the user (M). The sleep enhancing device releases the sleep enhancing gas (G) from the gas releasing unit (200) on the basis of the sleep state determined by the measuring terminal (100).


In this paper, we propose a sound reproduction system which can realize varied sound image localization in stereo audio systems. The proposed system can suppress unnatural variations of sound image localization with listener's movement and maintain the absolute position of sound image so that a real source exists in the corresponding position. Generally, human being perceives the direction of sound image on horizontal plane according to Interaural Level Difference (ILD) and Interaural Time Difference (ITD) between signals arriving at both ears. Accordingly, unnatural variation of sound image localization accompanying listener's movement is due to the differences of ILD and ITD between the stereo audio system and the real source. The proposed system therefore compensates ILD and ITD using digital filters. Some subjective assessment tests with ten subjects demonstrate that fixed sound image can be realized in the proposed system when listener moves away by giving appropriate signal level ratios.


Given the interest in implementing land-use change and forestry projects for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, there is potentially a large demand for a system to measure carbon stocks accurately and precisely in a cost-effective manner. As terrestrial ecosystems tend to be heterogeneous, a large number of sample plots could be needed to attain the regulatory-required levels of precision, thus resulting in a costly process. A potential way of reducing costs of measuring the carbon stocks of forests is to collect the key data remotely. We have designed a system (a multispectral three-dimensional aerial digital imagery system, M3DADI) that collects high-resolution overlapping stereo imagery (≤10 cm pixels) from which we can distinguish individual trees or shrubs. In essence, we created a virtual forest that we used to measure crown area and heights of all plant groups. We used this M3DADI system to estimate the carbon stocks in aboveground biomass for the pine savanna in the Rio Bravo Carbon Sequestratio...


This paper explores the marketing feasibility of aligning postgraduate business studies in the public sector in Kuching in the state of Sarawak with major public and commercial corporations for internalIzation processes that involve learning, research and consultancy. Analyzing the perceptual and factual dimensions of management of various industries in the private sector on the degree ease and difficulty of collaboration will detennine how far this type of business and technological partnership or possibly even consonium has been tapped or left untapped is typicaJly the core of this study.
Fifty samples from five inciustries were taken and the fIndings was that twelve of these firms have employees with postgraduate business qualifications and seventeen of the total number of finns surveyed preferred local business graduates from public universities.
The response to collaboration in the field of learning and research is moderate but there arc many unknown reasons for of no answers for parts of the survey pertaining to the methods of training and constraints of budgetary and resources considerations of the finns surveyed.
l"evertheless the swvey is quite a success in assessing the private sector outlook in the development of industry-academic management. Raising public concern fmm the private sector regarding the vital issue of collaboration with the academic management is part of our duty to enhance the potentia! of developing a truly multit:1ceted taskforce of manpower resources with multitasking capabilities in order L, meet the local, regional and international demands for inllovation and capitalizatioll.


The world may be charged with the glory of God, but the question we face in building a spirituality of place is how we relate to the glory of God in the world, and how we can practice responsibility for it in our everyday lives. Another way of phrasing that is to ask what each of us is doing to resacralize the places where we live and work. A women's spirituality of place explores how we can resacralize personal space (home and relationships), communal space (work and social commitments), and cosmic space (the myths and symbols that give meanings to everyday life). It faces the ambiguities that feminist women have


A heterodyne interferometry system with a fiber-optic sensor was developed to measure the temperature history of unburned gas in a spark-ignition engine. A polarization-preserving fiber and metal mirror were used as the fiber-optic sensor to deliver the test beam to and from the measurement region. This fiber-optic sensor can be assembled in an engine cylinder head without a lot of changes of an actual engine. Adjustment system in the sensor was revised to face the distributed index lens with metal mirror. When the flame first reaches the test beam, the beam is refracted so much that the interference signal is temporarily weakened; the flame arrival time can be determined from this phenomenon. Before the flame arrived at the developed fiber-optic sensor, measured temperature was almost same with the temperature history after the spark, assuming that the process that changes the unburned gas is adiabatic. In situ unburned gas temperature measurements in a commercially produced SI engine can be carried out using developed fiber-optic heterodyne intereferometry system. Although the heterodyne interferometry with the developed fiber-optic sensor provides the mean temperature along the line of sight, the feasibility of our system was sufficient to be applied to temperature history measurement of an unburned gas compressed by flame propagation in an engine cylinder. Fig. 2 Photograph and schematic diagram of Fig. 6 Photographs of the spark-ignition engine with developed fiber-optic sensor fiber-optic sensor Fiber-optic sensor Spark plug


In this paper we describe a completely integrated labon-a-chip for genetic analysis of bacteria or viruses. The chip was designed for low cost manufacturing in thermoplastics by choice of low cost materials (thermoplastics) and designing for injection molding and for minimal assembly. To reduce the complexity of the disposable chip, all active components were removed from the microfluidic chip and incorporated into an instrument. We present the integrated chip and associated instrument for detection of bacteria and viruses. In particular, here we demonstrate the on-chip RT-PCR and detection using the CDC proprietary assay for influenza A.


Mobile or nomadic diversity antennas feature a variety of element types and layouts, mostly PCB-based, reflecting complex design trade-offs between their performance and the required compactness. The design stage is electromagnetic-based but must include several signal-based diversity metrics, and there is a shortfall of information about their assumptions and the impact of their violation. The evaluation stage normally includes simulation, with physical measurements being the bottom line. Pattern measurement is particularly challenging, but accurately measured patterns are critical parameters, enabling the calculation of mean gains and correlations, and the impact of different propagation scenarios. For developers, the complex set of processes for design and evaluation make it difficult to have confidence with their in-house procedures without access to independent results for a variety of antenna types. For the design stage, we review and clarify the diversity metrics, and for evaluation, a set of typical and new diversity designs implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) are also presented. The methods cover lossy antennas and the expected performance in a directional propagation scenario. This information helps designers and developers to better understand the design process and to check their evaluation procedures.


Our population-based study of drug utilization patterns in a Canadian setting suggests an association with a significant benefit linked with a good adherence to antihypertensive medication and chronic heart failure in the context of primary prevention. We are convinced based on our population-based study that the adherence level to medication is a major gap to be fulfilled, giving that, the mean high adherence level to AH agents was around to 98% during the first year and 96% after 1 year of follow-up compared with 60% and 59.7% for the low adherence level, respectively.


The quantitative study by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of crystalline defects in ultra‐thin film deposited on a substrate system is often complicated by the elastic interactions between short dislocation segments and the free surface of the film. It is shown, in the frame of isotropic elasticity and two‐beam dark‐field TEM, how to tackle the quantitative identification of short inclined segments of misfit dislocations located at a few tens of nanometers below a free surface. The method, which uses repeatedly the concept of angular dislocation, is applied to some defects observed in a GeSi film deposited on a surface slightly deviating from a (0 0 1) silicon surface.


Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on a unique disease diagnosis and treatment system that has been developed over the last 2,300 years. In the TCM, "syndrome differentiation and treatment" (SDAT) is a core method for doctors to deal with diseases. This diagnostic and therapeutic technique that infer the occurrence and the development of diseases by observing symptoms as a whole, not only has its own uniqueness but also has been recognized by the public in oriented medical fields for its clinical efficacy. With recent developments in computer science, the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, a study based on the SDAT algorithm has aroused much attention. This paper encompasses three stages spanning 30 years to accomplish the following: 1) the TCM data and the modern SDAT system were collated and summarized based on 35,706 reference data on the TCM, starting from the syndrome differentiation of four aspects, such as the cause, location, characteristics, and conditions of the disease (CLCC), we constructed a quantitative model of the TCM SDAT regarding the CLCC of the disease, collected the symptom information on the diagnosed subject, and transferred them to the SDAT assistant algorithm for calculation and analysis, to determine the CLCC, Based on the therapy recommended by the differentiation results in the knowledge base and the prescription and traditional Chinese medicines recommended by the therapy, any stage of all diseases could determine a syndrome type by differentiating the CLCC, we constructed the basic SDAT algorithm integrating theory, method, prescription, and medicine and realized the calculability in the TCM diagnosis and treatment process; 2) based on the SDAT algorithm, we developed the TCM doctor's workstation software and introduced it to more than 80 TCM institutions in Sichuan province, China, we collated a large-scale trove of samples of the TCM data platform that was established with more than 2.9 million TCM electronic medical records (EMRs) and reference data, and had the compliance tested and algorithm verified on the 9,300 EMRs of the common diseases in the TCM; and 3) based on the dimension reduction and degree elevation optimization of the technology with a directed graph to the basic algorithm, the algorithm complexity was reduced and the accuracy of the algorithm was improved. It was demonstrated that the coincidence rate of the basic model was 80.47% and the basic coincidence rate was 96.19%. After optimizing the basic algorithm (for example, for gastric abscess), the coincidence rate increased by 7.04%. The test results demonstrated the efficacy of the model study. This model realized a computable SDAT to specify and assist in the differentiation diagnosis and in the treatment processes of the TCM and improve the service quality of the TCM diagnosis and treatment.


Strong isolated oscillation on the 4965 A line of Ar II has produced CW oscillation on a new transition in the argon ion laser at 5062 A. The implications to laser Raman spectroscopy are discussed.


In the past year, the quality of the superconducting splices of the LHC circuits has drawn considerable awareness. While most of the attention is put into the main arc quadrupole and dipole circuits, lower energy circuits, like orbit and optics correctors are considered safer due to the lower energy stored in them. As part of the task force for splice consolidations, we ought to examine the status and potential electrical risks of all circuits in the LHC machine. This paper addresses mainly the 600 A and inner triplet circuits, reviews the known facts, and introduces the working plan for the next months.


Ensuring the consistency of memory content is a key feature of cognitive vision systems. This work presents an approach to deal with functional dependencies of hypotheses stored in a visual active memory. By means of Bayesian networks a probabilistic approach is used to incorporate uncertainty of observations. Furthermore, a measurement to detect inconsistencies in the memory is introduced. The benefit of this validation module as part of an integrated system is shown for the task of visual surveillance in an office scenario.


A high-protein nutritive food is made up of puffed corn flour (14-20%), germinated soybean powder (7-11%), puffed millet flour (10-15%), corn flour (10-70%) and wheat flour (rest), and features highcontents of protein, vitamines and minerals, and health-care function of making brain robust, improving intelligence and vision, and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancers.