This paper presents a description of a 'Cashless Toll Road' implementation operating on Toronto, Canada's Highway 407. This toll system is fully automatic and provides tolling at highway speeds in a free flow, unrestricted lane change environment. The tolling system requires no additional real estate for tolling plazas, has no equipment embedded 'in the road surface' only (above the road), and supports electronic transponder-based tolling plus video based tolling of intermixed non-equipped vehicles. The electronic tolling is accomplished with a DSRC system using ASTM v6 compliant transponders and readers. In addition, the DSRC system is inter-operable with transponders in commercial vehicles that operate on the I-75/AVION corridor in the US and Canada, and the Inter Agency Group transponders used in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.


Conflict-free Replicated Datatypes (CRDTs) are a class of distributed data structures that are highly-available and weakly consistent. The CRDT taxonomy is further divided into two subclasses: state-based and operation-based (op-based). Recent prior work showed how to use separation logic to verify convergence and functional correctness of op-based CRDTs while (a) verifying implementations (as opposed to high-level protocols), (b) giving high level specifications that abstract from low-level implementation details, and (c) providing specifications that are modular (i.e. allow client code to use the CRDT like an abstract data type). We extend this separation logic approach to verification of CRDTs to handle state-based CRDTs, while respecting the desiderata (a)–(c). The key idea is to track the state of a CRDT as a function of the set of operations that produced that state. Using the observation that state-based CRDTs are automatically causally-consistent, we obtain CRDT specifications that are agnostic to whether a CRDT is state- or op-based. When taken together with prior work, our technique thus provides a unified approach to specification and verification of op-and state-based CRDTs. We have tested our approach by verifying StateLib, a library for building state-based CRDTs. Using StateLib, we have further verified convergence and functional correctness of multiple example CRDTs from the literature. Our proofs are written in the Aneris distributed separation logic and are mechanized in Coq.


A compact thermal model has been developed to accurately (within 5%) predict the thermal resistance of HBT arrays. The HBT power sources are modeled as spherical heat sources. The temperature distribution and hence the thermal resistance of a single device is modeled first. Method of translation that takes advantage of the linearity of the heat transfer equation is then used to calculate the temperature distribution of an array of devices. The compact model is valid for the typical ranges of die attach thickness and thermal conductivity used. The method has been validated using finite element simulations. The accuracy of the model is also verified using experimental results presented. InGaP/GaAs based HBTs were used for measurements


Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) was established in 2005 as a selective annual conference seeking to showcase the very best research in robotics. This special issue includes selected papers from the first meeting of Robotics: Science and Systems, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from June 8–11, 2005. The conference attracted scientists working on the algorithmic and mathematical foundations of robotics, robotics applications, and analysis of robotic systems. The papers presented in this special issue represent the best of robotics research spanning a wide diversity of research areas including mechanical design, statistical inference, machine learning, motion planning and sensor networks. However, all papers share a common theme of providing some new and fundamental insight into the principles that govern how robots and intelligent machines operate in the real world. Asbeck et al.'s paper in scansorial robots describes a model of interaction between mechanical spines in a walking robot's feet and wall structure. The thorough analysis of the feet design and performance, both in simulation and experimental validation, represents a major development in principled mechanical design for robot capabilities. Dellaert & Kaess's paper in matrix analysis of the mapping problem attacks a problem that has received much attention in recent years, the "Simultaneous Mapping and Localization" or SLAM problem. This work draws from recent developments in both matrix analysis and machine learning by characterizing the SLAM problem as that of loopy belief propagation, and then demonstrating that this problem can be solved very efficiently using matrix factorization tools. De Silva & Ghrist's paper in sensor network coverage is the second paper that draws heavily on mathematical tools to solve robotics problems. Homology is not an area that has been well-represented in robotics research to date. This paper represents a major contribution both technically and by introducing homological techniques and ideas to the robotics community. Eustice et al.'s paper in mapping the Titanic is a second SLAM paper based on principled understanding of matrix representations of the mapping problem. In this paper, the authors not only describe an efficient and exact form of


We give complete characterisation of topologically injective (bounded below), topologically surjective (open mapping), isometric and coisometric (quotient mapping) multiplication operators between $L_p$ spaces defined on different $\sigma$-finite measure spaces. We prove that all such operators invertible from the left or from the right. As the consequence we prove that all objects of the category of $L_p$ spaces considered as left Banach modules over algebra of bounded measurable functions are metrically, extremelly and relatively projective, injective and flat.


The technology of welding of abrasion-resisting plates with the use of different filler metals designed for providing high wear resistance of the top layer and good plastic properties of the parent material is presented. To this end, we made test joints which were subjected to metallographic examination, mechanical testing, hardness measurements and testing of wear resistance of the type metal–mineral in accordance with ASTM G65-04 standard. In each case, the weld joining the wear resistant layer was made with the use of an XHD 6710 covered electrode. For making the weld joining of the parent material of the abrasion-resisting plate, we applied austenitic and ferritic–perlitic filler materials in the form of covered electrodes and solid wires for gas shielded arc welding. The tests have shown that the XHD 6710 electrode can be used for joining of top layers of abrasion-resisting plates providing their high wear resistance. For interpasses and filler passes, it is recommended to use austenitic filler metals which are characterized by very good plastic properties. Moreover, they reduce the mixing ratio of the weld metal and the material of the abrasion resistant layer.


A single-switch scanning communicator was devised to provide computer access for an individual severely affected by cerebral palsy. A keyboard adaptor was provided such that either the keyboard or communicator can provide the total user interface to an Apple II + computer. With a suitable modern and control program, the communicator/personal computer is a terminal that can be connected to a Mainframe computer. This system is used by a Boston University student.


Biological control of invasive saltcedars ( Tamarix spp.) in the western U.S. by exotic tamarisk leaf beetles, Diorhabda spp., first released in 2001 after 15 years of development, has been successful. In Texas, beetles from Crete, Greece were first released in 2004 and are providing control. However, adults alight, feed and oviposit on athel ( Tamarix aphylla ), an evergreen tree used for shade and as a windbreak in the southwestern U.S. and México, and occasionally feed on native Frankenia spp. plants. The ability of tamarisk beetles to establish on these potential field hosts was investigated in the field. In no-choice tests in bagged branches, beetle species from Crete and Sfax, Tunisia produced 30–45% as many egg masses and 40–60% as many larvae on athel as on saltcedar. In uncaged choice tests in south Texas, adult, egg mass and larval densities were 10-fold higher on saltcedar than on adjacent athel trees after 2 weeks, and damage by the beetles was 2- to 10-fold greater on saltcedar. At a site near Big Spring, in west-central Texas, adults, egg masses and 1st and 2nd instar larvae were 2- to 8-fold more abundant on saltcedar than on athel planted within a mature saltcedar stand being defoliated by Crete beetles, and beetles were 200-fold or less abundant or not found at all on Frankenia . At a site near Lovelock, Nevada, damage by beetles of a species collected from Fukang, China was 12–78% higher on saltcedar than on athel planted among mature saltcedar trees undergoing defoliation. The results demonstrate that 50–90% reduced ovi- position on athel and beetle dispersal patterns within resident saltcedar limit the ability of Diorhabda spp. to establish populations and have impact on athel in the field. represent the first open-field evaluations preferences saltcedar athel.


IN PREVIOUS investigations it has been our experience that in the majority of cases the sugar tolerance of subjects afflicted with mental disturbances is decreased as compared with that of normal subjects (4). In view of the relationship of the adrenal cortex hormone to sugar metabolism (5) it has been suspected that differences in the rate of adrenal discharge may play a part in determining these differences in the reaction to ingested sugar. Since adreno-cortical activity is reflected by the level of the absolute lymphocyte count (1) a study was made of normal subjects in whom simultaneous observations were made of the blood sugar levels and the absolute lymphocyte counts during the course of responses to ingested glucose. A group of 21 normal subjects was studied, of whom 19 were males. These included university students and personnel of the hospital and were presumably free of any organic illness.


Jim Eckhardt, a chainsaw artist from Cincinnati, Ohio, works on a carving that will be auctioned off at the Ohio State Fair in Columbus, Ohio.


Summary form only given, as follows. As database system research evolves, there are several enduring themes. One, of course, is how we deal with the largest possible amounts of data. A less obvious theme is optimization ? it is an essential ingredient of all modern forms of database system. Because we deal with large volumes of data, we are often forced to process that data in regular ways. But when operations are uniform, there is an opportunity for the use of very-high-level languages, of which SQL is the primary example. However, to make a very-high-level language effective, we need to optimize it well, that is, produce effective query plans from all sorts of queries. In this talk, we shall review the principal directions in which modern database research is going, and in each case talk a bit about the optimization problems. Stream management systems are one very important new area. Another is peer-to-peer database systems. Integration of heterogeneous information, especially in virtual databases, is also a major challenge. XML, XQUERY, and semistructured data in general form yet another research opportunity.


The NMR technique is among the most powerful analytical methods for molecular structural elucidation, process monitoring, and mechanistic investigations; however, the direct analysis of complex real‐world samples is often hampered by crowded NMR spectra that are difficult to interpret. The combination of fluorine chemistry and supramolecular interactions leads to a unique detection method named recognition‐enabled chromatographic (REC) 19F NMR, where interactions between analytes and 19F‐labeled probes are transduced into chromatogram‐like 19F NMR signals of discrete chemical shifts. In this account, we summarize our endeavor to develop novel 19F‐labeled probes tailored for separation‐free multicomponent analysis. The strategies to achieve chiral discrimination, sensitivity enhancement, and automated analyte identification will be covered. The account will also provide a detailed discussion of the underlying principles for the design of molecular probes for REC 19F NMR where appropriate.


South Dakota Public Library Standards are self-evaluation tools to assist Library boards in strategic planning and goal setting. The purpose of the voluntary accreditation is for the public libraries in South Dakota are to encourage the ongoing development of quality library service in the state. In particular, these standards are intended to: 1) Provide a tool to assess the quality of library service, 2) Identify areas needing improvement, 3) Aid libraries in gaining maximum community support. The three tiered levels of accreditation are the following: Essential, Enhanced, and Exemplary. The Enhanced level is an expansion of basic services required by State Law and federal guidelines while the Exemplary level is the highest level of service a library can provide with the most current technology, facilities staffing and services available to their patron citizenry. All levels are critiqued in the following areas: Governance, Administration, Access, Collection/Resources, Funding, Staffing, Technology, and Public Relations.


Gaussian elimination is the basis for classical algorithms for computing canonical forms of integer matrices. Experimental results have shown that integer Gaussian elimination may lead to rapid growth of intermediate entries. On the other hand various polynomial time algorithms do exist for such computations, but these algorithms are relatively complicated to describe and understand. Gaussian elimination provides the simplest descriptions of algorithms for this purpose. These algorithms have a nice polynomial number of steps, but the steps deal with long operands. Here we show that there is an exponential length lower bound on the operands for a well-deflned variant of Gaussian elimination when applied to Smith and Hermite normal form calculation. We present explicit matrices for which this variant produces exponential length entries. Thus, Gaussian elimination has worst-case exponential space and time complexity for such applications. The analysis provides guidance as to how integer matrix algorithms based on Gaussian elimination may be further developed for better performance, which is important since many practical algorithms for computing canonical forms are so based.


Geological hazard in metal mines is man\|made one in mining activities.The accidents have been going up sharply,and a variety of latent perils have increased apparently in recent years.The typical geological hazards in metal mines,such as rockfall,land subsidence,landslide,rockburst,water inrush,tailing dam collapse,are summarized in the paper.The necessity for study on geological hazards and countermeasures of preventing hazards are pointed out.


Binary GMW sequences of period 2n-1 are explicitely represented as a sum of trace functions from F2n to F2 in this paper.A new scheme of generating GMW sequences as well as a new method of computing the minimal polynomials of GMW sequences are proposed.The new generating scheme is more efficient than the classical algrithm.The necessary and sufficient conditions are also derived when the two GMW sequences have the same minimal polynomials.


We determined nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the rotavirus gene encoding viral protein 6 from 3 fecal samples collected from piglets with diarrhea in Brazil, 2012. The analyses showed that the porcine rotavirus strains in Brazil are closely related to the novel species H rotavirus.


Abstract Simulations of the 9 January 1989 Colorado Front Range windstorm using both realistic three-dimensional (3D) orography and a representative two-dimensional (2D) east–west cross-sectional orography are presented. Both Coriolis forcing and surface friction (drag law formulation) were included for all experiments. The model results were compared with analyses of Doppler lidar scan data available from the surface to 4 km MSL provided by the Environmental Technology Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The fully three-dimensional simulations with realistic orography used time-dependent inflow boundary conditions. These experiments were designed, in part, to assess the ability of mesoscale models to predict the onset and general characteristics of downslope windstorms. The present experiments highlight the sensitivity of wind storm onset and positioning of surface gusts to both model resolution and surface physics, which is in agreement with previous findings. These...


ABSTRACT This article explores the extent to which recent policy-based advocacy for music in Australian schools has been guided by economic arguments. This exploration was driven by emerging commentary on the rise of neo-social education policy, which is said to have reframed equality and social justice in education as tools for economic agendas. To explore the presence of this neo-social ideology in school music advocacy, key Australian policy documents have been analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis. Results show that while current advocacy does champion social and subjective benefits, these benefits are ultimately justified in economistic terms. While caveats to these findings are discussed, the argument is made for new education policies that adequately value subjective wellbeing and social justice as goals in their own right.


Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and analyze its association with disease activity.Methods The expressions of TLR9 on peripheral blood CD19+B lymphocyte were measured by flow cytometry respectively in 48 SLE patients,36 patients with other connective tissue disease and 25 healthy individuals.Moreover,the correlations between expressions of TLR9 and the laboratory and clinical features were analyzed.Results Intracellular TLR9 expression levels of B lymphocytes in SLE patients with active disease(54.18±17.97) were significantly higher than in SLE patients with inactive disease(32.97±9.85),the disease controls(30.88±9.12) and the healthy controls(29.75±7.49)(all P0.01).The positive correlation was also observed between TLR9expression levels and the SLEDAI(r=0.763),and anti-ds DNA(r=0.781)(all P0.01).In addition,the increased expression of TLR9 in B cells did not change significantly after treatment with corticosteroids (P0.05).Conclusion TLR9 may help in assessing disease activity and prognosis in SLE patients.


Results of several single‐center expansion configuration‐interaction calculations are reported for the ground state of the H3+ molecule. A basis set of D3h symmetry‐adapted Slater‐type orbitals is located at the center of the molecule, which forms an equilateral triangle, and the nonlinear parameters are extensively optimized. Using an 85‐configuration wavefunction we obtain an energy of − 1.3392 hartree, vibration frequencies of ν1 = 3450 cm−1, ν2 = 2850 cm−1, and a bond length of Re = 1.64 bohr. The calculated energy is in error by about 4 kcal/mole compared to the estimated exact energy. The computed geometry and vibration frequencies agree to within a few percent with values reported in the literature. An analysis of the convergence of our single‐center wavefunction is given. The Joy‐Handler l−4 rule appears to be approximately obeyed, and our results indicate that convergence is at least as rapid for triangular H3+ as for linear H3+. The energy associated with the Hartree–Fock part of our wavefunctio...


Based on color synthesis, textural analysis, image interpretation and extraction of concealed information, the authors interpreted the outcrop regions of Bayanhua Formation (K 1 b ), the basin-controlling NE-trending faults (F 1, F 2, F 3), the NNE-trending faults (F 21 , F 20 ), the NW-trending faults and the nearly EW-trending faults, and updated the geological map of Bayantala basin, Inner Mongolia. An analysis of the information of paleochannels and geomorphology revealed the features of neotectonics. The recharge-flow-discharge characteristics of groundwater in relation to uranium mineralization were studied by extracting information of rock heat radiation and plant cover . On the basis of the above research , it is considered that the distribution of facies zones of Tenggeerian fan-deltas near the southeastern margin of the basin is controlled by F 3 and F 2; the pattern of Saihantalaian paleochannel is controlled by F 2, F 21 and NW-trending faults, and the phreatic and phreatic-interlayer oxidation zone is controlled by the fault-block uplift generated by the combined action of NE-trending, NW-trending and nearly EW-trending faults.


Increasing evidence for the role of histone modifying enzymes on non-histone substrates, including those in the cytoplasm, has been emerging in recent years. Some chromatin modifying proteins, such as the histone methyl transferase EZH2, compartmentalize to both the nucleus and cytoplasm; whereby EZH2 can methylate histones and actin, respectively.1 Alternatively, the mammalian nuclear membrane, during mitosis, disintegrates and the structural boundary separating nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins breaks down. This allows nuclear proteins to diffuse into the cytoplasm and potentially catalyze non-nuclear substrates. Evidence suggests that the Gcn5 containing histone acetyl transferase complex ATAC controls mitotic progression through the modification on non-histone targets during mitosis.2 And more recently, studies have shown that the HIPK2 kinase controls cytokinesis through the phosphorylation of histone H2B localized at the midbody, the site of cell abscission at the end of mitosis.3 What these and other studies suggest is that coordination and crosstalk between the chromatin and cytoskeletal structures is much more intertwined than previously appreciated.


Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The opium poppy in Hellenistic and Roman medicine John Scarborough 2. Exotic substances: the introduction and global spread of tobacco coffee cocoa tea and distilled liquor sixteenth to eighteenth centuries Rudi Matthee 3. Pharmacological experimentation with opium in the eighteenth century Andreas-Holger Maehle 4. The regulation of the supply of drugs in Britain before 1868 S. W. F. Holloway 5. Das Kaiserliche Gesundheitsamt (Imperial Health Office) and the chemical industry in Germany during the Second Empire: partners or adversaries? Erika Hickel 6. From all-purpose anodyne to marker of deviance: physicians' attitudes towards opiates in the United States of America from 1890 to 1940 Caroline Jean Acker 7 Changes in alcohol use among Navajos and other Indians of the American Southwest Stephen J. Kunitz and Jerrold E. Levy 8. The drug habit: the association of the word 'drug' with abuse in American history John Parascandola 9. Research and development in the UK pharmaceutical industry from the nineteenth century to the 1960s Judy Slinn 10. AIDS drugs and history Virginia Berridge 11. Anomalies and mysteries: the 'War on Drugs' Ann Dally.


Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is one of the polymers which exhibit pronounced polymorphic crystalline forms, depending on crystallization conditions. Four different crystalline modifications, i.e., α, β, γ, and δ, have been reported so far. Among them, even though the α-form is the most common one, the β-phase is the one that has attracted the widest interest due to its extensive piezo- and pyroelectric applications. During the past few decades, a substantial amount of work has been done in attempts to characterize these crystal modifications and transformations among them. It was well documented that the α-form PVDF can be easily obtained through melt crystallization of the PVDF at atmospheric pressure. Its β-counterpart can, however, only be directly obtained by growth from solution, molecular epitaxy on the surface of potassium bromide, melt crystallization at high pressures, or by applying with a strong electric field. Transformation from its α-phase to β-phase has been achieved by mechanical defor...


SINCE 1968, MORE THAN ONE MILLION POUNDS OF RECLAIMED DEVULCANIZED RUBBER (THE EQUIVALENT OF 50,000 TIRES) HAVE BEEN RECYCLED AS A SEALER FOR JOINTS AND CRACKS IN PAVEMENTS ON THE GOVERNOR THOMAS E. DEWEY THRUWAY IN NEW YORK. COST SAVINGS RESULTED WHEN THE RUBBER SEALER LASTED UP TO THREE TIMES AS LONG AS CONVENTIONAL ASPHALT SEALERS. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR BLENDING THE RUBBER INTO HOT ASPHALT AT THE ROADSIDE SITE WAS DEVELOPED. IT CALLS FOR ADDING RECLAIMED, POWDERED RUBBER IN A PROPORTION OF 100 POUNDS TO A 500-POUND (55 GALLON) DRUM OF ASPHALT. THE MIX IS COOKED FOR A SHORT TIME TO ALLOW THE RUBBER TO DISSOLVE INTO THE ASPHALT. AS THE SEALER IS USED, NEW ASPHALT AND RUBBER CAN BE ADDED TO THE PARTIALLY FILLED KETTLE FOR A CONTINUOUS OPERATION. PROCEDURES FOR WINTER OPERATIONS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED AS IS THE FEASIBILITY OF USING A STRESS RELIEVING INTERFACE BETWEEN OLD, CRACKED PAVEMENT AND NEW SURFACE LAYER.


Freehand inkwash painting in traditional Chinese painting is a kind of cross-sectional painting in the history of Chinese painting.On the view of sculptuing,freehand inkwash painting has been making progress continuously.Along with the indraught of western painting,change has taken place on the scluptuing of Chinese painting.The art of western painting sculptuing and Chinese painting sculptuing combined together,enriched the effectiveness of Chinese painting.This change made many different styles of painting appeared in Chinese art circle.With the development of our society,it is believed that inkwash portraiture,on the basic of inheriting good tradition,will absorb the advantages of western painting and make a greater improvement.


This paper presents the study of effect of non-uniform irradiance on electrical characteristics of an assembly of solar PV panel. Study is based on a one diode model of PV panel. Effect is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink environment. In a solar power plant series Parallel connections of PV panels are used for obtaining desired voltage and current level. Under mismatch or non-uniform irradiance condition a hot spot formation may damage the PV panel. A bypass diode is provided with PV panel to avoid hot spot formation. Under non-uniform irradiance condition, due to presence of bypass diode, I-V and P-V characteristics are quite different from that of uniform irradiance condition. Results obtained show the presence of multiple peaks in P-V characteristics under non-uniform irradiance. This establishes requirement of a non-conventional maximum power point tracker algorithm.


The biggest problems of the Indian railways are accidents and more delay time. The Internet of Things (IOT) can be used to reduce the effect of above two problems. Many accidents occur because of un-attended railway gates, over speed and improper signaling. The information of trains is not so clear to the railway stations, which leads to delay in trains. In this paper some solutions are proposed, to make the railways better, like automatic gate control, train tracking using Global Positioning System (GPS) and track switching. This can be achieved by IOT along with database management system (DBMS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Each train is tracked using RFID and information is updated into the DBMS.


The invention belongs to the ensemble and system integration technical field and relates to a product technical state supervision system. The system includes a design technical state supervision subsystem and a product quality state supervision subsystem which are used for supervising product design technical states and product real object quality information; the design technical state supervision subsystem is used for supervising the design states of product batches, identifying and analyzing the changes of the states, performing risk prompting for or risk warning against state changes and abnormalities involving product quality and use risks; and the product quality state supervision subsystem is used for supervising raw materials, components, physical characteristics and performance parameters of products in batch production, performing statistical analysis on the fluctuation of the parameters, and performing risk warning against out-of-tolerance, deviation and critical parameters. With the system of the invention adopted, management and classification statistical analysis are performed on massive technical state information and product data information, and an effective way can be provided for product technical state supervision.


Abstract This article considers the recent catastrophe in New Orleans in terms of "urban resilience," the capacity of a city to rebound from destruction. Based on a variety of historical examples, I argue that urban resilience is largely a function of resilient and resourceful citizens. Hurricane Katrina not only devastated the built environment of New Orleans but, by forcing a massive evacuation of residents, tore apart its social fabric as well. I maintain that plans to rebuild the physical infrastructure of the city must be accompanied by a commitment to rehabilitate its social fabric and communal networks. Only with strong citizen involvement at the grassroots level will the rebuilding of New Orleans yield a robust and inclusive metropolis, rather than a theme-park shadow of its former self.


Photographer Moyra Davey takes quiet but ravishing photographs of typically overlooked and banal objects. Newspapers, dust, books, money, empty bottles, and the things on top of refrigerators all figure in series of pictures that bring viewers into a state of increased sensitivity to their everyday lives. "Long Life Cool White" features forty-five of the artist's photographs from the past two decades.Davey's relationship to such traditions as street and conceptual photography and French surrealism can be seen throughout these pages. Noted scholar Helen Molesworth examines the domestic content of Davey's work as well as Davey's burgeoning career as a writer. The book also includes Davey's insightful essay 'Notes on Photography and Accident', in which she discusses the themes of chance, death, and the poetic that occur in the writings of three major theorists of photography: Roland Barthes, Walter Benjamin, and Susan Sontag.


Contact modeling could be widely used for different machine elements normal contact pressure calculations and wear simulations. However, classical contact models as for example Hertz contact models have many assumptions (contact bodies are elastic, the contact between bodies is ellipse-shaped, contact is frictionless and non-conforming). In conditions, when analytical calculations cannot be performed and experimental research is economically inexpedient, numerical methods have been applied for solving such engineering tasks. Contact stiffness parameters appear to be one of the most influential factors during finite element modeling of contact. Contact stiffness factors are usually selected according to finite element analysis software recommendations. More precise analysis of contact stiffness parameters is often required for finite element modeling of contact.


Is the film SMART? is a fictional film with the genre of comedy satire delivered through the protagonist. SMART film? tells the story of Shabrina, a teenager who is overused in using a smartphone and has an impact on everyday life. Through the Comedy satire genre approach on SMART films? expected to be easily accepted by the audience. SMART film? conveying messages to the audience will have a negative and positive impact on using smartphones excessively among teenagers. Through narrative and mise en scene elements, the director tells the story by dividing it into three rounds, the comedy satire scene, setting, make up, wardrobe, and player movements. Through the message conveyed by the director invites the audience to reflect on themselves in addressing smartphone use.Keywords: Directing, Comedy Satire, Protagonist Figure, Smartphone.


Part I Situating the everyday: parapraxes Sigmund Freud preface to the Mediterranean, Fernand Braudel front and back regions of everyday life, Erving Goffmann "the problem that has no name", Betty Friedan general introduction from "The Practice of Everyday Life", Michel de Certeau a feminist methodology, Dorothy Smith introduction from everyday life - Yale French studies. Part II Everyday life and "National Culture", Alice Kaplan and Kristin Ross habit and custom, Leon Trotsky from "The Road to Wigan Pier" diary, George Orwell whose imagined community?, Partha Chatterjee Nixon in Moscow, Karal Ann Marling introduction to fast cars, clean bodies, Kristin Ross the promise of "modern life", Harry Hatoonian new urban culture and the anxiety of everyday life in late-20th-century-China. Part III Ethnography near and far, Xiaobing Tang proper conditions for ethnographic work, Bronislaw Malinowski mass-observation - "Two Letters"and "They Speak for Themselves" mass observation the Kabyle House or the world reversed, Pierre Bourdieu approaches to what?, George Perec documentation VI - pre-writing alphabet, exerque and diary, Mary Kelly France/tour/detour/two/children, Jean-Luc Godard and Ann Marie Mi'eville reassemblage. Part IV Reclamation work, Trinh T. Minh-Ha: work and leisure in everyday life, Henri Lefebrve perspectives for conscious alternations in everyday life, Guy Debord history from below, E.P. Thompson landscape for a good woman, Caroline Steedman symbolic creativity. Part V Everyday things, Paul Willis: boredom, Siegfried Kracauer plastic, Roland Barthes structures of interior design, Jean Baudrillard doing cooking, Luce Giard installing the television set, Lynn Spiegel making love in supermarkets, Daniel Miller rough magic - bags, Steven Connor.


In recent years, special attention has been paid to the application of biotechnology in the textile industry. In this study, composite enzyme (contained pectatelyase/hemicellulase/laccase) was employed to degum the ramie bast successfully. Interestingly, the activities of enzymes were enhanced by promotion of Ca2+ activated remarkably. The test of degummed ramie fiber performance demonstrated that fiber fineness, breaking strength, whiteness, and residual gum of fibers have greatly improved. Further, the structure and morphous of the fibers before and after degumming was examined and analyzed. The results showed that the gum, hemicellulose, and lignin were removed effectively and treated fibers had the typical cellulose I structure suitable for direct textile and other applications. These outcomes suggested that Ca2+-activated composite enzyme could degum the gum of ramie bast effectively, which provided a method to improve the quality of ramie fibers and a theoretical basis for flax degumming technique on an environmentally-friendly basis.


Purpose

In this age of exponential knowledge growth, where wireless internet is playing a dominant role, the concerned authorities of higher education have to ensure that this tool remains within the reach of the students. However, there has been as yet little research indicating its success in China. This paper aims to examine factors that influence students' satisfaction (SAT) in using wireless internet in higher education for the purpose of learning. The second aim of this study is to identify if gender has a moderating effect on students' SAT in using wireless internet in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a total of 283 students from five colleges of a comprehensive public university in China (Foreign Language Studies, Business, Education, Biology and Chemistry, and Mathematics and Engineering) were collected for this study. The reliability and validity of the measurement scale were established through a Rasch model using Winsteps version 3.94. The technology satisfaction model (TSM) was validated applying structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS to test the causal relationships among the constructs.

Findings

The results of this study revealed that students' SAT was directly influenced by perceived usefulness (PU) and ease of use of wireless internet. Besides, students' perceived ease of use (PEU) and usefulness were directly affected by their computer self-efficacy. On the other hand, students' computer self-efficacy had an indirect effect on their SAT mediated by ease of use and perceived usefulness, respectively. The findings also discovered that gender did exert effect as a moderating variable towards students' SAT in using wireless internet in higher education.

Practical implications

The TSM was shown to be a useful model to measure students' SAT in using wireless internet in a different culture.

Originality/value

To achieve this aim, a TSM on the potential factors contributing to student SAT was developed from the literature and validated in this study. Whereas, the TSM has been developed and validated in Malaysia.


Electrons confined to move in a plane are collectively known as a two-dimensional electron system (2DES). Engineered GaAs/AlGaAs samples are grown to create 2DESs between internal layers. At very low temperatures and in the presence of a large perpendicular magnetic field, 2DESs have lead to the discovery of striking new physics such as the various quantum Hall effects and a recently discovered anisotropic state. Characterized by a large difference between conduction along two orthogonal in-plane crystal axes, the anisotropic state is referred to as the stripe state due to the suspicion of electron density stripe pattern formation. We present progress towards probing the physics of the stripe state through in situ application of strain on GaAs/AlGaAs samples using commercial piezo-actuators. This experiment will provide further insight into the orientational mechanism that serves to align the stripe state anisotropy axes.


While groundbreaking measurements on the properties of strongly interacting matter in p+p, p+A and A+A collisions at the LHC are being performed, it is clear that many important questions in heavy-ion physics will remain unanswered in this first phase of beam times up to 2017. The ALICE is setting up a program of detector upgrades to be installed in the LHC shutdown planned for 2017/18, to address the new scientific challenges. We will discuss examples of the scientific frontiers and will present the corresponding upgrade projects under study for the ALICE experiment.


A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a rectangular patch with a ground plane having compact profile, simple structure and easy for fabrication. The rectangular patch antenna is slotted with two type of rectangular and semi-circle slots so as to ensure a broad bandwidth. The antenna is constructed using a FR4 substrate with relative permittivity εr =4.4. The simulated results reveal that antenna shows impedance bandwidth 3.10 GHz-10.06 GHz and the VSWR< 2 through the impedance bandwidth and the return loss at that point is -10db. Different parameters like operating frequency, VSWR, radiation pattern, 3D polar plots are simulated using HFSS Software. The antenna can be used for ultra-wide band application. Finally, the proposed design has wide applications in the field of communication like Bluetooth operations, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, Telemedicine and UWB applications.


Well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized noncatalytically on a conducting aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) buffer layer. The synthesis uses no metal catalyst and is cost-effective. The buffer layer facilitates the growth of vertically aligned nanorods; furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical properties of the resulting nanorods are closely correlated to the crystallographic quality of the buffer layer. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy measurements show that for nonideal buffer layers the optical quality of nanorods improves along the [0001] direction leading to a lower defect incorporation at the nanorod tip. We have minimized defect incorporation by proper adjustment of the buffer layer growth. In addition, the ZnO nanorods grown from our best AZO buffer layer show improved alignment perpendicular to the substrate and a narrower diameter distribution. Our results suggest that the quality of the buffer layer and the growth conditions are key parameters to optimize the nanorods...


This paper assesses the socio-ecological importance of irrigation tank,s organisational capabilities of the rehabilitation of irrigation tanks in Rajasthan. The paper has been divided into two sections: the first section provides the background of irrigation tanks, and justification for their pivotal role: the second section describes the approach that we have evolved to rehabilitate these tanks in th Rajasthan. Interestingly, both the donor agency and the government of Rajasthan evinced a keen interest in the proposed approach.


Li Dazhao is considered as the earliest Marxist who accepts and spreads socialist ideologies. He launches the anti-Christian campaign,criticizing the Christian fantasy.However,he has been under the influence of varied social streams of thoughts,including the cultures of Christianity during his overseas stay.Li Dazhao does not join in any religion.


Konan junior high school in Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan, suffered severe damage to its superstructure and pile foundations during the Tokachi-oki Earthquake (M=8.0), on September 26, 2003. The objective of this study is to verify the main factors causing this damage by field investigations and earthquake response analyses. Detailed field surveys were carried out on the superstructure and pile foundations immediately after the quake. Analyses of the structure of the pile foundation were conducted using a numerical model taking into account the effect of soil nonlinearity. Strong motions observed near the school were employed as the input motion to the analysis model. It is found that compression failures at the pile heads were caused not only by the inertial force from its superstructure but also by large displacement of a very soft clay, leading to differential settlement as well as shear cracks in walls of the superstructure.


This study seeks to empirically establish Granger-causality between electricity and manufacturing outputs in Kenya using ordinary least squares (OLS) time series method. Some of the leading economic indicators of Kenya that rely on electricity are used. The results are three-fold; some of the indicators enjoy bidirectional, others unidirectional while others register no causality at all with electricity output.


The paper describes a compact system for detecting Single Event Effects (SEE) in semiconductor components. The SEE is caused by a hit into a electronic chip with an energetic particle. The hit can cause unexpected behaviour of the system. The tested component is called Device Under Test (DUT). The structure of the system is shown and used components are described with their main tasks. Some of results of the running system are shown.


Understanding forage choice of herbivores is important for predicting the potential impacts of changes in their abundance. Such studies, however, are rare in ecosystems with intact populations of both megagrazers (sirenians, sea turtles) and fish grazers. We used feeding assays and nutrient analyses of seagrasses to determine whether forage choice of grazers in Shark Bay, Australia, are influenced by the quality of seagrasses. We found significant interspecific variation in removal rates of seagrasses across three habitats (shallow seagrass bank interior, shallow seagrass bank edge, deep), but we did not detect variation in gazing intensity among habitats. In general, grazers were more likely to consume fast-growing species with lower carbon : nitrogen (C : N) and carbon : phosphorus (C : P) ratios, than the slower-growing species that are dominant in the bay. Grazer choices were not, however, correlated with nutrient content within the tropical seagrasses. Slow-growing temperate seagrasses that experienced lower herbivory provide greater habitat value as a refuge for fishes and may facilitate fish grazing on tropical species. Further studies are needed, however, to more fully resolve the factors influencing grazer foraging preferences and the possibility that grazers mediate indirect interactions among seagrass species.


[Objective]The study aimed to research Tenebrio molitor powder on the growth of Beauveria bassiana.[Method]The powder of Tenebrio molitor larva was used as the addctive and was added to the PDA medium according to 7 kinds of conc.of 4,2,1,0.5,0.25,0.125 and 0.062 5 g/100 ml,with the medium without adding any T.molitor larva as the CK.The indexes such as the growth rate,spore germination rate,hyphal diameter,sporulation time,sporulation amount and POD activity in B.bassiana were determined.[Result]Adding T.molitor larva to the PDA medium could increase the growth rate,spore germination rate,sporulation time,sporulation amount and POD activity in B.bassiana,but had little effect on the spore size and hyphal diameter.The comprehensive evaluation and the screening showed that the adding amount of 4 g powder T.molitor larva to the medium could get optimum growth of B.bassiana and their indexes all had obvious predominance.[Conclusion]The study provided the theoretical basis for using T.molitor to culture B.bassiana.


Abstract It would seem that one of the intentions of the viewer of gay pornography would be to see the sexual engagement of the participants (and perhaps the "money shot") with a focus upon the gymnastics and writhing of bodies that constitute the practice and representation of sexual activity within the film. However, before nudity or nakedness is presented the "characters" are dressed. Using the films and photography of Colt Studio and its founder Jim French from the period 1967–81 as a focus this article explores the ways in which the "characters" are constructed through their clothing and costuming. It will address the ways in which these "icons" of masculinity that had developed in the pre-liberation physique magazines and stag films reflected the prototypes, archetypes, and stereotypes of post-liberation gay identity and dressed appearance in the fifteen years following the Stonewall riots and gay liberation. Colt Studio was famed for its particular presentation of hypermasculine images and a "stable" of masculine actors that included Clone superstar Al Parker. This article will offer an analysis of the use of particular items of clothing and the iconic styles of leatherman, motorcycle cop, and gay clone in Colt's output of this period.


In English, a relative clause (rc) follows the head noun phrase (np). Conversely, the rc in Chinese precedes the head np directly before it or is separated by a determiner phrase (dp). This is uncommon in the subject-verb-object order language and results in two types of constructions. For Chinese as foreign language (cfl) learners, this construction alternation is complex to acquire and is dependent on many factors. This study aims to explore the underlying factors influencing cfl learners' outer modifier nominal (omn)/inner modifier nominal (imn) alternation and whether they have multiple interactions. A multifactorial exploration of the significant predictors of the omn/imn alternation in Chinese interlanguage data, taken from the International Chinese Interlanguage Corpus, was conducted. Conditional inference trees and random forests were used to analyse the data. The predictors studied consist of head np animacy (HeadNPAnimacy), head np length (HeadNPLength), grammatical roles of head nps in matrix clauses (HeadNPMatRole), grammatical roles of head nps in rcs (HeadNPRelRole), length of rcs (RCLength), types of native languages (NLType), and learners' Chinese proficiency (CHProficiency). Examinations of omn/imn alternation show predictors' significant effects in descending order of their effect size: HeadNPRelRole, HeadNPMatRole, RCLength, NLType, and HeadNPAnimacy.


This paper examines recent experimental studies of early conceptual design identifying a broad diversity of research practices. A high variance is revealed across 75 recent studies from leading design journals on how the design briefs are presented to participants, participants' number and experience, and the time allocated for ideation. These divergent practices may impact the validity of experimental studies. Three indicators are proposed here to assist researchers to prepare design briefs: polysemy, innovation, and communication. An experimental design canvas is presented and illustrated to structure the esign of experiments. The paper closes with recommendations to assist in the synthesis of design briefs.


Abstract: Relying on the advantages of selenium-rich soil resources, the development of special selenium-rich agricultural industry is an effective measure to implement the rural revitalization strategy. This paper took Yuanzhou district as the research area, based on ecological niche theory, creatively determines the dominant and limiting factors of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization from three aspects of natural resources endowment, land use conditions and ecological protection, constructed the evaluation index system of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and ecological niche suitability index measurement model, and explored the suitability of regional selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and zoning. The research results show that: (1) The area suitable for exploitation of selenium-rich soil resources in the study area is 174658.4 ha, accounting for 68.83% of the total area, mainly distributed around Yuan River and in the central, northern, northwestern and northeastern areas of the study area. (2) Based on the evaluation results of the suitability of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and the development of related agricultural industries, the study area was divided into four functional zones of selenium-rich industrial development: core zone, key zone, development zone and radiation zone. The core zone and key zone are suitable for building selenium-rich agricultural industry demonstration area and selenium-rich products breeding production base, and the development zone and radiation zone can vigorously develop selenium-rich modern agriculture and selenium-rich recreation tourism, which will accelerate the development trend of multi-level and diversified selenium-rich industry in study area.This study can provide scientific, reasonable and feasible ideas and methods for the development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources and the planning and development of selenium-rich industries in similar areas.


The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a systematic approach to the formation of professional competence of students in higher educational institutions. The study was conducted in the S. Seifullin Ka-zakh Agro Technical University with the participation of 126 master students (2 groups) of the specialty "Vocational Education". Using a complex of theoretical, empirical and statistical methods, it was possible to show the ways to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. The basic principles for the training of students were formulated as: 1) systematic approach to the formation of profes-sional competence, organization and implementation of the educational process; 2) program-targeted formation of the indicative basis of the upcoming profes-sional activity, and 3) creating a competency model of the corresponding special-ist as a hierarchy of the student's professional competency system, its subsys-tems, and supersystems. It is recommended that Kazakhstan universities should improve tools and procedures for assessing and monitoring students' level of knowledge, as well as create new programs for developing students' professional competencies to ensure their successful employment. The further research on the matter may be the systematic comparative study of contemporary teaching meth-ods and techniques to determine the most productive ways to prepare future pro-fessionals.


This paper reviews photonic crystal (PC) based demultiplexers, and briefly reports our latest experimental achievement in ultra-compact, power-efficient silicon photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) modulators. We review the modeling techniques for photonic crystal superprism devices, which utilize anomalous refraction on a photonic crystal surface for wavelength demultiplexing. The finite difference time domain method tends to be time consuming for the superprism devices as such devices demand fine spatial grids to resolve fine wavelength difference. Other theoretical methods suffer a variety of other drawbacks. A general, efficient PC refraction theory that can handle any surface orientation is needed for scientific research and device design. We review a rigorous PC refraction theory that we recently developed for these needs. Essentially, the refraction problem can be rigorously solved by computing the electromagnetic field in only a single cell on the surface. A new concept, surface-orientation-dependent eigenmode degeneracy, is introduced to explain certain subtle effect that occurs when the surface orientation undergoes a slight change. In addition, the transmission of a Gaussian beam or other realistic beam profiles is discussed. A complete theoretical framework of the photonic crystal refraction and transmission has thus been established. The theory has been applied to design a high channel-count dense WDM demultiplexer with 3dB or lower losses. Lastly, a silicon PCW Mach-Zehnder modulator with an 80-micron interaction length is reported. The slow group velocity in PCWs is exploited to enhance the modulation efficiency and reduce the peak drive current to 0.15mA at a modulation depth over 90%.


It is widely believed that the presence of a large informal sector increases the efficiency cost of social programs in developing countries. We evaluate such claims for the case of unemployment insurance (UI) by combining an optimal UI framework with comprehensive data from Brazil. Using quasi-experimental variation in potential UI duration, we find clear evidence for the usual moral hazard problem that UI reduces incentives to return to a formal job. Yet, the associated efficiency cost is lower than it is in the United States, and it is lower in labor markets with higher informality within Brazil. This is because formal reemployment rates are lower to begin with where informality is higher, so that a larger share of workers would draw UI benefits absent any moral hazard. In sum, efficiency concerns may actually become more relevant as an economy formalizes. (JEL J65, O15, O17, E26, D82, J46)


Analytical modeling was used to track the mudline displacement of a simulated fluid dispersion that underwent a simulated linear increase in the fluid viscosity as a function of time following an induction period. Modeling results indicate two regimes of settling behavior from the driving force of density differences between the particles and the fluid. A linear mudline movement was first determined in the regime of constant viscosity, and a logarithmic retarded mudline movement was numerically determined following a linear rise in fluid viscosity. The results show that the combination of settling and solidification leads to a transitional mudline movement similar to batch settling curves described by early settling theories.


Abstract Vertebral Compression Fractures are common in patients above age 50, but are often undiagnosed. Patients with one VCF are at higher risk of other osteoporotic fractures. Zebra Medical Imaging developed a VCF detection algorithm, utilizing a combination of traditional machine vision segmentation and convolutional neural network (CNN) technology, to detect VCFs from evaluating CT images of the chest, and/or abdomen/pelvis. We conducted an independent and blinded validation study to estimate the operating characteristics of the Zebra VCF detection algorithm in identifying VCFs on de-identified data from previously completed CT scans of chest and/or abdomen/pelvis from 1200 women and men aged 50 or older who had those scans (for multiple reasons) at the clinics and hospitals affiliated with the Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Each set of scans were independently read by two of three board certified, practicing neuroradiologists to identify and grade VCF at each evaluable vertebra (using the semiquantitative scale of Genant and colleagues). When there was disagreement between radiologists, the respective scans were reviewed by a senior neuroradiologist who provided a final evaluation. The final determination of presence and severity of VCF by the neuroradiologists was used as the reference standard. The Zebra VCF detection algorithm evaluated the CT scans in a separate workstream from that used by the neuroradiologists (The algorithm and neuroradiologists were blind to each other's evaluations). The Zebra VCF algorithm was not able to evaluate CT scans for 113 patients. Of the remaining 1087 CT patients, 588 (54%) were women. Median age was 73 (range 51, 102; interquartile range 66, 81). The four neuroradiologists who evaluated the CT scans each had over 10 years of experience in neuroradiology. For the 1087 Zebra evaluated patients, 227 had at least one VCF (90 with mild VCF, 81 with moderate VCF, and 56 with severe VCF; 115 of the 1087 Zebra evaluated patients (10.6%) presented with two or more VCFs). The sensitivity and specificity of the Zebra VCF algorithm in diagnosing any VCF were 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.59, 0.72) and 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.88, 0.92) respectively; and for diagnosing moderate/severe VCF were 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.70, 0.85) and 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 0.89) respectively. The Zebra VCF algorithm works to identify approximately three-quarters of moderate to severe VCF in patients, aged 50 and above, who receive CT scans for other reasons. Implementing the Zebra VCF algorithm within radiology systems may help to identify patients at increased fracture risk and could support the diagnosis of osteoporosis, and thus be a valuable adjunct for population health.


We describe a method for obtaining analytic solutions corresponding to exact marginal deformations in open bosonic string field theory. For the photon marginal defor- mation we have an explicit analytic solution to all orders. Our construction is based on a pure gauge solution where the gauge field is not in the Hilbert space. We show that the solution itself is nevertheless perfectly regular. We study its gauge transformations and cal- culate some coefficients explicitly. Finally, we discuss howour method can be implemented for other marginal deformations.


Humans and other mammals flexibly select actions in noisy, uncertain contexts, quickly using feedback to adapt their decision policies to either explore other options or to exploit what they know. Drawing inspiration from the plasticity of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry, we recently developed a cognitive model of decision-making that uses both a value-driven learning signal to update an internal estimate of state action-value (i.e., conflict in the probability of reward between two choices) and a change-point-driven learning signal that adapts to changes in reward contingencies (i.e., a previously high value target becoming devalued). In this work, we expand on previous results from our group (Bond, Dunovan, & Verstynen, 2018) to more carefully detail how these environmental signals drive changes in the decision process. Across nine separate behavioral testing sessions, we independently manipulated the level of value-conflict and volatility in action-outcome contingencies. Using a hierarchical drift diffusion model, we found that the belief in the value difference between options had the greatest influence on decision processes, impacting drift rate, while estimates of environmental change had a smaller, but detectable influence on the decision threshold. Taken together, these findings bolster our previous work showing how separate environmental signals impact different aspects of the decision algorithm.


We describe an experiment that establishes control over the growth velocities of macroscopic tubes in the reaction between a polymerizable inorganic anion and a nonalkali metal ion. Our approach is demonstrated for the injection of an acidic cupric sulfate solution into a large volume of a basic sodium silicate solution. The forming tube is pinned to a gas bubble that is held at the end of a hollow glass rod. The tube's linear growth follows the speed of the glass rod (0.5–11 mm/s), while its radius (0.2–1.6 mm) is self-selected according to the volume conservation of the injected solution. Depending on the experimental conditions, tube growth occurs at either the moving gas bubble or the stationary glass capillary. Oscillatory modulations of the growth velocity provoke the formation of hollow nodules on the outer tube surface. These nodules form after each rapid velocity decrease at exponentially decaying rates and seem to be energetically favored over a sudden isotropic increase in tube radius.


The goal of this research lies in consideration of the history of security as a relatively new field of Western historical science. It can be achieved by solving the three interrelated tasks: 1) review of the concept of "security" as the subject of research of Western historical science; 2) analysis of the recent changes in the concepts of security that exist in modern historical science of Western countries; 3) examination of boundaries set by a particular historical era for implementation of the concept of security. Currently, even within the framework of Western historical sciences, which has systematically examined the phenomenon of security, it is difficult to speak of the existence of special history of security, although the works of the leading Western historians covered in this article, significantly contribute to examination of the security issues. Such issues are viewed through the prism of the events of world history. Analysis is conducted on the achievements of Western historical science in studying the phenomenon of security, as well as conceptual changes that have taken place within this problematic over the recent years. Any historical era establishes certain boundaries for the study and implementation of security. Western historical science has achieved considerable results in determination of the concept of "security" as the subject of historical research. Multiple humanities and social sciences explore the sphere of security; and the complex of historical disciplines examines security as an interdisciplinary concept that remains relevant throughout history of mankind. Security is a general concept, which is commonly used in historical research on the one hand; however, does not exists as an independent historical discipline. If political science, criminology, sociology, and jurisprudence, namely international relations, imply a consistent and broad field of research on security, history is yet to develop a corresponding subject category.


This essay analyses Companeros de viaje, a novel by the Colombian writer Luis Fayad published in 1991. By means of this piece of work, we aim to illustrate the new tendency that appeared in the Colombian novel in the late eighties and early nineties that reflects urban contexts instead of rural contexts. To do so, we apply a social-critical approach to demonstrate the way in which Luis Fayad represented the Violence and most of the political, social and human aspects in Bogota.


Small collection of mainly Tasmanian newspapers such as 'Colonial Times' and the 'Tasmanian'. Also 'The Mercury' and 'The Examiner', from 1843-1975, covering some important topics such as when the armistice was signed by the Germans and the Hobart Bridge disaster of 1975.


Rapid, accurate detection of serum amyloid A (SAA) is needed in equine practice. We validated a patient-side point-of-care (POC) assay (Stablelab; Zoetis) compared to the turbidimetric immunoassays LZ-SAA (TIA-Hum) and VET-SAA (TIA-Vet; both Eiken Chemical). Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges and with interferences. Inter-method comparison using 49 equine serum samples revealed a significant difference between median SAA results (p < 0.0001), with the strongest bias between the POC and TIA-Vet (median 1,093 vs. 578 mg/L). The median SAA value obtained with the TIA-Hum method was 752 mg/L. Correlation between POC/TIA-Hum and between POC/TIA-Vet was fair (rs = 0.77 and 0.69) and excellent between both TIAs (rs = 0.93). Bias between POC/TIA-Hum, POC/TIA-Vet, and TIA-Hum/TIA-Vet was −56.7%, –80.9%, and −28.2%, respectively. POC intra- and inter-assay CVs (16.1–30% and 19.8–35.5%) were higher than TIA CVs (generally <12%). Bilirubin and hemoglobin had a negative bias on POC and TIA-Vet results (−16.6 to −45.6%); addition of intralipid yielded a positive bias (35.9–77.4%). The POC had good linearity of SAA concentrations up to 10,312 mg/L (R2 = 0.92). A hook effect was present at SAA >3,000 mg/L for the POC assay. Equine serum SAA was stable over a median period of 2.5 y when stored at −80°C. Overall, there was excellent-to-moderate correlation between tests, but imprecision and hook effect of the POC, as well as bias between the methods, must be considered.


Abstract Analytical formulas are derived for the rates of evolution of the mean square orbital eccentricities and inclinations of a general population of planetesimals. For planetesimals on crossing orbits, the derivations based upon the local-velocity formalism of P. Hornung et al. (1985, Icarus 64 , 295–307) and upon the Hill-variable formalism of S. Ida et al. (1993, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. ) and H. Tanaka and S. Ida (1995, Icarus 120 , 371–386) are reconciled and some minor errors in the earlier work are corrected. The corrected analytical theory is compared with a series of N -body simulations of one- and two-component planetesimal systems. For planetesimals on noncrossing orbits, the contribution to velocity evolution is found to be about two times as large as was previously estimated. In addition, N -body simulatiuons show that the rate of dynamical friction is about 30% less effective at driving two-component systems toward equipartition of random kinetic energy than is estimated by the theory. When these adjustments are made to the theory, we find remarkable agreement with the N -body simulations. These results essentially support previously published estimates for the time scale of runaway accretion of planetary embryos.


Space power generation needs for generation-after-next satellites have requirements that extend beyond the efficiencies and specific power levels provided by current photovoltaic solar arrays. Nanotechnology and atomic/molecular scale manipulation of material and device properties promise to surpass these limitaions on solar to electric power conversion efficiency and specific power (W/kg) levels. First, nanoengineered luminescent dyes have the capability to absorb and alter the solar spectrum to output frequencies that, when coupled with conventional photovoltaics, increase solar cell efficiencies. Second, the size-dependant bandgap and melting temperatures of nanoparticles may lead to new types of photovoltaic devices. Third, direct conversion of the visible frequencies of the solar electromagnetic spectrum to direct current through arrays of antennas and nanoscale diodes have theoretical efficiencies that exceed those of photovoltaic devices.


This article details the inclusion of postcolonial themes and modern/traditional confrontations and conflicts in the translated tales of Mohammed Mrabet. I indicate the importance of preliterate tradition in producing meaning for poor Moroccans. A large part of the essay is devoted to refuting claims that Mrabet represents a colonialist byline of the expatriate lives of American writers such as Paul Bowles. The theme of learning Moroccan culture is also important, as it tends to demonstrate appreciation and preservation in a modern context, traditional narrative and theosophical practices, arts, and modes of ideation—hence, my reference to many of Paul Bowles's interviews where he discussed the phenomenon of Moroccan epistemology. I also include stories that express the traditional/modern divide in Moroccan cultural life and how traditional, practical, and inventive reasoning derived from smoking kif—the kif wisdom that I refer to can produce meaning and resolution for Moroccans. Finally, the article situ...


At present, an increasing number of individuals are affected by osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in a heavy socioeconomic burden. OA in knee joints is caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines and subsequent biomechanical and structural deterioration. To determine its anti-inflammatory function, the current study investigated the use of the plant-derived medicine, curcumenol, in OA treatment. Curcumenol was not cytotoxic to ATDC5 chondrocytes and primary chondrocytes, as determined using a cell viability test. When these cells were treated with TNF-α and IL-1β to induce inflammation, curcumenol treatment inhibited the progression of inflammation by inactivating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as decreasing the expression levels of MMP3 (as indicated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting). Moreover, to analyze metabolic and catabolic status in high-density and pellet culture, catalytic changes and the degradation of the extracellular matrix induced by TNF-α and IL-1β, were evaluated by alcian blue staining. These catalytic deteriorations were ameliorated by curcumenol. Using curcumenol in disease management, the mechanical and metabolic disruption of cartilage caused in the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) model was prevented in vivo. Thus, curcumenol mitigated inflammation in ATDC5 chondrocytes and primary mice chondrocytes, and also ameliorated OA in a DMM-induced mouse model.


Abstract The rifting of the Red Sea, the folding of the Zagros-Taurus range (in Turkey and Iran), and the development of the structures in and near Israel appear to have resulted from a northward anti-clockwise rotational movement of Arabia, which occurred in several phases during Upper Cretaceous to Pleistocene times. The sinistral strike slip fault of the Dead Sea Fault system participated in this movement. It is hereby suggested that the fold and fault structures in Israel and adjacent areas are drag effects along this strike slip fault.


There are three tRNA Tyr genes in Escherichia coli. One of these genes is found near 88 minutes on the E. coli genetic map; the other two are present as a tandem duplication near the bacteriophage φ 80 attachment site at 27 minutes. The structures and organization of these three genes are described in detail by Rossi et al. (this volume). The su + 3 amber suppressor tRNA Tyr has arisen as a result of an anticodon mutation in one of the tandem, duplicate tyr tRNA genes. This su + 3 tRNA gene was an ideal goal for the chemical synthesis of a gene because its promoter sequence could be determined (Sekiya et al. 1975Sekiya et al. 1976a,b), it is a relatively small gene, and it has an in vivo function that can be detected easily. This paper describes the cloning and characterization of both the chemically synthesized gene for a precursor to the su + 3 tRNA as well as a second, modified derivative of this gene. THE CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED su + 3 tyr tRNA GENE Figure 1 represents the total synthetic gene for a precursor to the su + 3 tRNA. This synthetic gene includes 56 bp in the promoter region, 126 bp in the structural gene that codes for the su + 3 tyr tRNA precursor sequenced previously (Altman and Smith 1971), and 25 bp beyond the mature 3′ end of this tRNA. Originally, it was thought that this region might contain a transcription termination signal. However, recent data have shown that transcription in vitro proceeds for approximately 225 nucleotides before a rho-dependent termination...


Background. The incidence of cervical cancer (CC) in the world is 500,000 new cases per year. In the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms in women under 45 years of age, CC ranks 1st. Aim. To conduct a multivariate analysis of CC relapses, taking into account the results of primary treatment of CC patients for the subsequent choice of treatment methods for CC recurrences.Methods. Retrospective analysis of 105 case histories of patients for the period 2011–2021 who were treated at the Meshalkin National Medical Research Center and received therapy for recurrences of CC. Results. Stage I — 19 (18.1%), II — 32 (30.5%), III — 50 (47.6%), IV — 4 (3.8%). Primary methods of treatment: combined radiotherapy — 51 (49%), surgical method — 18 (17%), chemoradiotherapy — 18 (17%), surgery in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy — 15 (14%), polychemotherapy (with palliative purpose) — 1 (1%). In the structure of types of relapses: locoregional relapses — 42 (39%), local relapses — 31 (29%), metastatic hematogenous — 22 (20%), metastatic lymphogenous — 13 (12%). Late relapses (more than 12 months) — 65 (62%), early (6–12 months) — 22 (21%), progression (up to 6 months) — 18 (17%). Localizations for the occurrence of distant cervical cancer metastases: bones — 11 (39.3%), lungs — 10 (35.7%), brain — 3 (10.7%), liver — 4 (14.3%), lymphogenous metastases: supraclavicular lymph nodes — 5 (35.7%), inguinal lymph nodes — 8 (57.1%), abdominal lymph nodes — 1 (7.2%).Conclusion. In 62% there were late relapses, in 48% — in patients with initial stages, more frequent and longer follow-up with an oncogynecologist is indicated. Patients need treatment by an oncologist, radiologist, neurosurgeon, chemotherapist regardless of the stage, timing of occurrence, localization of relapses.


Zinc oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) deposited by continuous and pulsed spray pyrolysis were investigated to analyze process kinetics which make reduction of process temperature possible. Thus, fluid mechanics, chemical composition, electrical performance, and deposition and annealing temperature were systematically analyzed. It was found that ZnO layers continuously deposited at 360 °C contained zinc oxynitrides, CO3, and hydro carbonate groups from pyrolysis of basic zinc acetate. Statistically, every second wurtzite ZnO unit cell contained an impurity atom. The purity and performance of the ZnO-TFTs increased systematically with increasing deposition temperature due to an improved oxidation processes. At 500 °C the zinc to oxygen ratio exceeded a high value of 0.96. Additionally, the ZnO film was not found to be in a stabilized state after deposition even at high temperatures. Introducing additional subsequent annealing steps stabilizes the film and allows the reduction of the overall thermal stress...


Stress concentration is an interesting and essential field of study, as it is the prime cause of failure of structural parts under static load. In the current paper, stress and strain concentration factors in unidirectional functionally graded (UDFGM) plate with central circular cutout are predicted by carrying out a finite element study on ANSYS APDL platform. The present study aims to bridge the lacuna in the understandings of stress analysis in perforated functionally graded plates. It is found that the material variation parameter is an important criterion while designing a perforated UDFGM plate. By selecting a proper material variation parameter and direction of material gradation, the stress and strain concentrations can be significantly reduced.


A 62-year-old with metastatic cervical carcinoma being treated with combination chemotherapy developed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Bronchoscopic evaluation revealed pneumocystis pneumonia. She was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Gynecologists should be familiar with this opportunistic infection that can occur in patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies.


The phase diagram of the catalytically important K2S2O7−KHSO4 solvent system has been investigated by means of electrochemical, thermal, and spectroscopic methods. The phase diagram exhibits a eutectic at ΧKHSO4 = 0.94(1) with a temperature of fusion of 205 °C. No compound is formed in the system, but the strong α → β solid−solid transition of K2S2O7, found at 318 °C with ΔHtr = 21.8 kJ/mol, gives rise to a marked change in the slope of the liquidus curve at this temperature. The experimental phase diagram is in very good accordance with a calculated diagram based on the assumption of an ideal liquid mixture. 39K, 1H, 17O, and 33S NMR measurements on the molten K2S2O7−KHSO4 mixtures up to 540 °C show that a fast ionic exchange takes place in the melt at all compositions. The conductivities of the solid and molten K2S2O7−KHSO4 systems were measured at 13 different compositions in the whole composition range, ΧKHSO4 = 0−1. For each composition in the temperature range examined , the conductivity of the molt...


Provided is a rubber composition which can suppress coloration of the surface of a rubber article by having better weather resistance than conventional rubber compositions. This rubber composition is characterized by being formed by mixing at least one bisphenyl diamine compound represented by expression (I) [in the expression, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or an alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms, but R 1 and R 2 cannot both be hydrogen atoms at the same time and R 5 and R 6 cannot both be hydrogen atoms at the same time; R 3 and R 4 are independently an aralkyl group or an alkyl group of 1-8 carbon atoms; A represents an alkylene group of 1-12 carbon atoms; and l, m and n represent the integers 0 or 1] with at least one rubber component selected from natural rubbers and diene-based synthetic rubbers.


To build up the evaluating indicator system of scientific and technological innovation of non-ferrous metal industry,the input and output indicators are selected initially based on the selection principle and determined further by gray relational analysis.The weight of each indicator is calculated by the information entropy and the calculation formula is explained.


The question of which is the active form of dopamine for the neuronal dopamine transporter is addressed in HEK-293 cells expressing the human dopamine transporter. TheK m value for [3H]dopamine uptake fell sharply when the pH was increased from 6.0 to 7.4 and then changed less between pH 7.4 and 8.2. The K I for dopamine in inhibiting the cocaine analog [3H]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane binding displayed an identical pH dependence, suggesting that changes in uptake result from changes in dopamine recognition. Dopamine can exist in the anionic, neutral, cationic, or zwitterionic form, and the contribution of each form was calculated. The contribution of the anion is extremely low (≤0.1%), and its pH dependence differs radically from that of dopamine binding. The increase in the neutral form upon raising the pH can model the results only when the pK a1 (equilibrium neutral-charged) is set to a much lower value (6.8) than reported for dopamine in solution (8.86). The sum of cationic and zwitterionic dopamine concentrations remained constant over the entire pH range studied. These forms are the likely transporter substrates with pH-dependent changes occurring in their interaction with the transporter. The binding of dopamine, a hydroxylated phenylethylamine derivative, displays the same pH dependence as guanethidine, a heptamethyleniminoethyl- guanidine derivative fully protonated under our conditions. An ionizable residue in the transporter could be involved that does not interact with or impact the binding of bretylium, a quaternary ammonium phenylmethylamine derivative that is always positively charged and shows only a minor reduction in K I upon increasing pH.


The aim of the study is to evaluate the penetration of rainwater through the heating ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) of a vehicle directly affects the vehicle passenger compartment. The study is to get an insight into factors affecting the water ingress phenomenon when a stationary vehicle is subjected to water loading such as heavy rain when parked or waiting in a traffic light and HVAC Blower On. A numerical study is conducted to simulate water route cowl top cover to HVAC Inlet.


The finite-element method with integral equations is used to calculate the current vector potential defined in conductors and the total scalar potential in magnetic bodies. The eddy current and the magnetization can be obtained from the potentials T- Omega . After that, the magnetic field at an arbitrary point can be calculated by the integral equations. Results of standard models specified by the IEE of Japan for magnetostatic and eddy current analysis suggest the validity of the method. >


More than one hundred years ago, Innes CJ held in Hertzfelder v Attorney-General 1907 TS 403 that a search warrant issued in terms of s 45 of Ordinance 1 of 1903 (a forerunner to ss 20 and 21 the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977) will only be intelligible and thus valid if the offence being investigated is specified in the warrant itself. Unfortunately, Innes CJ's decision was overturned some 22 years later by a majority in Pullen NO, Bartman NO and Orr NO v Waja 1929 TPD 838 on the narrow grounds that s 49 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act 31 of 1917 (yet another forerunner to ss 20 and 21 of the Criminal Procedure Act) did not require the offence to be specified in the warrant. The question whether a search warrant issued in terms of ss 20 and 21 of the Criminal Procedure Act must specify the offence being investigated in order to be valid, therefore, has been a contentious one, that is until the Constitutional Court's judgment in Minister of Safety and Security v Van der Merwe 2011 (2) SACR 301 (CC).


The invention discloses an electric energy meter calibration system, and relates to a single-phase or three-phase electric energy meter calibration system. At present, an automatic calibration system is not provided during calibration of an electric energy meter, a plurality of groups of manual detection platforms are mainly adopted, and the method has the defects of high labor intensity, manual error existence, slow comprehensive calibration speed and the like. The electric energy meter calibration system comprises a plurality of calibration units, a main transmission line and a calibration management system, wherein the calibration units are used for automatically calibrating the electric energy meter; the main transmission line is used for connecting the calibration units; the calibration management system is used for coordinating the operation of the calibration units; the main transmission line consists of an upper transmission line and a lower transmission line; the upper transmission line is used for transmitting a meter box equipped with an electric energy meter to be tested to the calibration units; and the lower transmission line is used for transmitting a meter box equipped with a tested electric energy meter to a warehouse. The technical scheme has the advantages of high working efficiency, low production cost, low labor intensity, high safety and high quality.


This report contains the materials making up the Truck Operator Qualifications Examination (TORQUE). These materials include: Truck Operator Road Test (TORT)--A measure of truck operator skill administered on streets and highways; Truck Operator Skill Test (TOST)--A measure of truck operator skill administered in an off-road environment; Truck Operator Manual (TOM)--A manual setting forth laws and practices for operation of trucks; Truck Operator Knowledge Examination (TOKE)--A 96-item multiple-choice test assessing knowledge of the information provided in the TOM; and Truck Operator Pretest (TOP)--A hands-on test of pretrip inspection and coupling/uncoupling of tractor-trailers. One additional test, the Truck Operator Defects Examination (TODE) consists of a series of 35mm transparencies and is, therefore, not included in this manual.


To investigate the effect of inoculation with Rhizobium legominosarum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on grain yield, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation and allocation of Vicia faba L., an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Station of Golestan Province, during the cropping seasons of 2015-2017. As the main-factor, Rhizobium was considered at two levels of with and without inoculation, while the sub-factor included Pseudomonas in density levels of 0, 9×10, 9×10, 9×10, and 9×10 cells or CFU mL of inoculants. A logistic model by SAS, was used in order to estimate the changes in the leaf area index and the dry matter accumulation. Combined analysis of variance for the two years of study indicated that the climatic conditions influenced the bacteria effects. In the second year (less temperature and rainfall), the traits (maximum leaf area index, maximum dry weight and grain yield) indicated a significant reduction in comparison with the first year. P. fluorescens had a significant positive effect on grain yield in the two years. None of the bacteria had significant effect on maximum leaf area index. Results of the first year showed a positive effect of the inoculation of Rhizobium on maximum dry weight (8%) in comparison with the control. Co-inoculation of Rhizobium with Peseudomonas (9×10 CFU mL) led to the greatest dry matter distribution coefficient for stems in podding stage. In the second year, Peseudomonas (9×10 CFU mL) increased maximum dry weight (23%) in comparison with the control. Also, the density increase of Peseudomonas under co-inoculation with Rhizobium led to a significant reduction of the day to maximum LAI. In conclusion, co-inoculation Rhizobium with Pseudomonas can have a positive effect on the growth indices of faba bean.


To explore the synthesis condition of the bionic nano-silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite and the impact of the silicon content on its crystallization properties,hydroxyapatite of different silicon content were synthesized from Ca(NO3)2,(NH4)2HPO4 and Si(OCH2CH3)4(TEOS) via an aqueous precipitation reaction.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray fluorescence spectrum(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were used for hydroxyapatite characterization.The results show that relative low temperature(40℃) is conducive to obtain pure bionic nano-silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite.Under this condition,SiO44-enters the lattice of hydroxyapatite and replaces part of PO43-.The more the content of silicon is,the lower the crystallinity is,the smaller the grain size is and the higher the lattice parameters a and c are.


Microorganisms in drinking water sources may colonize in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and this phenomenon may pose a potential health risk especially to immune compromised population. The survival characteristics of both generic E. Coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in varied drinking water sources were investigated to assess the potential for human exposure. This study aimed to assess microbial risks posed by human exposure due to the generic Escherichia coli (MPN/100 ml or cfu 100 g) (n=20) and Escherichia coli O157 (n=20) contaminated water drinking consumption from various sources in Abepura Regency, Papua Province. Samples from Bakso sellers and restaurants source were analyzed for those two kinds Escherichia coli contamination. Risk analysis is a necessary component to assist in selecting priority hazards and identifying hazardous scenarios. Research revealed levels of generic E. coli in water (from Bakso Seller ranged from 1.5 to 35 ± 6 cfu/100 mL, whereas in the restaurant were ranged from 0 to 12 ± 2 cfu/ml. The WHO permissible limit is 0 cfu/100 mL per water sample in ideal conditions. The highest generic E coli count recorded was 35 log cfu/ml and 12 cfu/ml in Bakso and restaurant, respectively. E coli O157:H7 were found in the same point stations (from Bakso seller mean: 1.0 cfu/g and restaurant 0.0 cfu/g). Samples that exceeded disease risks set by the WHO were collected before the implementation of strict regulation from local health centre that regularly test the restaurant food and street sellers then set fine and punishment to those sellers who break the regulation. Disease risk from consumption of Bakso and food from restaurant in Abepura was found to be within acceptable levels. No relationship was found between E. coli concentrations in Bakso' water and water used in restaurants. Conclusion; Quantitative results revealed the presence of pathogenic organisms and water quality risk due to the unsanitary water sources and environmental sanitation. Continued water quality monitoring, the application of household based disinfectants, and healthy domestic hygiene practices are highly recommended.


Objective:To find out the dynamic of resistance in housefly and provide the scientific evidance to control the appearance and development. Method:The trace drop method was used. Results:The resistance to Dichlorovos and Cypermethrin was in high level from 1995 to 1998, but it did not develop and came to decline in the whole; The resistance to Phenothrin was modial or low level. All of them came to decline except Sheyang county; The resistance to Deltamethrin was lower in urban district of Yancheng city and Jianhu came to decline and to sensitive level. Conclusion:According to the appearance and development of the resistance the integrated prevention measures including reasonable drug used should be taken.


Nowadays musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent harmful factors in work environments. Non-ergonomic work stations and unsuitable designs of work environments confront workers with musculoskeletal disorders creating risk factors. It seems that the prevalence of these disorders in carpet weavers is more than other jobs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on neck-shoulder pain of female carpet weavers. This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of 30-40-year-old female carpet weavers. 20 subjects whose intensity of pain on numerical rating scale was equal or more than 3 were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. After 8 weeks of strength training, the intensity of present' usual and worst pain was measured again by a 10-point scale. The comparison of pretest and posttest in the experimental group showed a significant difference in the intensity of present' usual and worst pain. This reduction was reported as %53' %50 and %58 for worst' usual and present pain respectively. But in control group, no significant differences were observed between pretest and posttest. According to these findings, special strength training reduced worst, usual and present pain.


Evert Haryanto Hilman. An Annotated Translation of It's In the Music. A Thesis for Magister Program of Literature, Majoring in Translation, Universitas Gunadarma, Jakarta: September 2010 This is an annotated translation research. The problems of this research are: (1) what difficulties are encountered by the researcher/translator when translating the source text into Indonesian, and (2) how are those difficulties solved in the translation. The purposes of this research are: (1) to attain factual information concerning the problems faced by the researcher/translator in translating the source text and (2) to give plausible solutions to the difficulties. The methods used in conducting this annotated translation research are introspective and retrospective methods. In solving the problems the researcher/translator employs the relevant translation strategies and translation theories. The result of the research revealed that twelve words, six phrases, three sentences, one figure of speech, two idiomatic expressions, and one clause from the twenty five data relating to aspects of languages were the most difficult for the researcher/translator to translate. From the twenty five annotated data, the researcher/translator has revealed the findings which include three overtranslations and two understranslations; four implicit information from English into Indonesian, but no explicit English into implicit Indonesian; no level shifts but there are a number of category shifts consisting of four structure shifts and two class shifts; and there is one changing cohesion.


Universities are battlegrounds for epistemological warfare. These skirmishes are deeply linked to the broader society (Gusfeld, 1974). This symposium will focus on higher education as a temple (Col...


Trafficking in human beings is modern-day slavery and has become a widespread phenomenon mostly in Africa. Two hundred years after the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the trafficking of African children continues unabated. Human trafficking has become a heinous transnational crime undertaken by highly organized syndicates. The syndicates employ deceit, coercion and prey on vulnerable girls whom they traffic overseas for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is inherently demeaning, harmful and violates fundamental human rights to life, liberty, dignity and freedom from discrimination. This work therefore, examines all forms of human trafficking in Nigeria, revealing the operations of the trafficking business and the nature of the traffickers themselves. Using a historical and comparative perspective between human trafficking and slavery, it then demonstrates that there is great correspondence that exists between the two phenomenons. Necessary recommendations were also given to eradicate human trafficking and other related transnational crimes in Nigeria. Keywords: Human Trafficking, Child Labour, Slavery, Nigeria.


Libo Karst from the native peoples of nature worship starting to systematically introduce the Miao,Shui,Yao,Buyi and Han,such as five main ethnic origin of nature worship beliefs,background,and its main components and to maintain,as well as the nature worship beliefs of the karst forest ecosystem conservation,the continuation of reproduction of the ecological effects arising.And the development of human society from the process of man and nature and the realm of social harmony,the connotation of the concept of a green culture,such as ecological anthropology perspective of native peoples Libo Karst of nature worship and belief in the historical status of the effects are reviewed.


Spatial analysis application in GIS environment is offered to be used for acquiring quantitative characteristics of the abundance of animals (by the example of the hunting birds species).Various interpolation tools were used for several types of surfaces development.


The present article shows the production of didactic materials which can be used in the classroom in contexts of Professional and Technological Education. It aims at stimulating the reflection on the use of concrete materials by learners and educators as well as showing that concrete materials can lead to an interdisciplinary curricular approach. The starting point for the reflection here proposed are the didactic materials produced in the project "Production of didactic materials about the history of the technique". The results of this project show the great potential of the use of concrete materials in the classroom, especially in PROEJA, Ensino Medio, Ensino Medio Integrado, and Subsequente educational programs.


The utility model relates to a long distance injection device for an animal. The long distance injection device for an animal is characterized in that the front end of a sleeve seat at the front of a needle cylinder is provided with a flexible outer sleeve used for leading the depth of an inserting needle to be positioned; a front reset spring is arranged in the flexible outer sleeve; the back end surface of the needle cylinder in the sleeve seat of the piston push rod of the needle cylinder is provided with a back reset spring which is abutted on a flange of a push rod; both sides of the flexible outer sleeve are respectively provided with a sterilizing belt wheel; a sterilizing belt is wound on the two wheels, and the body of the sterilizing belt is embedded in a center guide groove on the front end surface of the flexible outer sleeve. The utility model has the advantages of convenient injection operation, continuous injection action and high injection speed. The utility model can carry out thorough disinfection and can avoid cross contamination. An operator can be far away from a beast or an animal to inject the beast or the animal conveniently.


The PageRank algorithm evaluates webpage reputations based on the hyperlinks that connect them. Webpages that collude to boost their reputations significantly distort the resulting rankings. We introduce a measure for assessing the degree to which a set of webpages boosts its reputation. There is no known efficient algorithm that is guaranteed to detect significantly boosted sets when they exist. However, we provide metrics that, under reasonable conditions, are guaranteed to detect a member of a significantly boosted set, if one exists, and address various implementation issues that arise in incorporating these metrics into PageRank.


The quality of English equivalents of names of Czech public
institutions seems to be improving, reflecting the massive
spread of English and intensification of international
relations over the last two decades. Focusing on names of
institutions in education, public administration and armed
forces, the paper examines practical needs for and
onomatological problems of establishing clear, unequivocal and
well-formed English equivalents of Czech institutional names.
Most incorrect formations can be explained by ignoring
differences between the concerned cultures and languages.