BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate if hospice care has lower medical expenses without compromising quality than other care settings for end-of-life head and neck cancer (ELHNC) patients.METHODS: From Aug. 2000 to Dec. 2010, a retrospective review was conducted in 564 ELHNC patients who died in our hospital system or died within three days after discharge. These patients were hospitalized in four care settings including hospice, intensive care unit (ICU), general ward (GW), and nursing ward (NW). The medical expenses included four main parts: bed, medical personnel, pharmaceutical, and procedure fee.RESULTS: A total of 564 patients were enrolled in our study, 514 male and 50 female respectively. The highest total and daily expense of care setting was ICU, followed by GW, NW, and hospice. Besides, ICU care also had the highest bed fee, pharmaceutical, medical personnel, and procedure fee, and hospice care had the lowest pharmaceutical and bed fee. Besides, the percentage of pharmaceutical fee was the highest part at GW and NW. There was no significant statistical difference in patient or family satisfaction among these four groups.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the nonhospice service, hospice care needs the lowest total and daily medical expenses because of its lower pharmaceutical and bed fee. Hence, hospice care is the best way to reduce medical expense and to prevent wasting of medical resources in the health insurance system of Taiwan for ELHNC patients.


IN 1943 and 1944 bacillary dysentery was an important cause of noneffectiveness among troops stationed in the Southeastern United States. Numerous cases occurred in men on field maneuvers but the disease was also relatively common among soldiers and their dependents living under conditions of modern sanitation on or near permanent army installations.* In addition to the several extensive epidemics of bacillary dysentery observed in this population during the two year period, a large number of sporadic or endemic cases were found scattered throughout the region. This communication deals with the incidence and distribution of Shigella types in these non-epidemic cases. Heretofore, information regarding. the occurrence of Shigella types in the United States has been scanty. The most comprehensive investigations of this nature yet published are those of McGinnes, et al.,' Hardy, et al.,2 Mayfield and Gober,3 and Wheeler.4 These


The recently observed $\alpha$-decay chains $^{293-294}117$ were produced by the fusion reactions with target $^{249}Bk$ and projectile $^{48}Ca$ at Dubna in Russia. The reported cross-sections for the mentioned reaction are $\sigma=0.5(+1.1,-0.4)$pb and $\sigma$=1.3(+1.5,-0.6)$pb$ at $E^{*}=35MeV$ and $E^{*}=39MeV$, respectively. The Q-values of $\alpha$-decay and the half-lives $Log_{10}T^{\alpha}_{1/2}$(s) are calculated for the $\alpha$-decay chains of $^{293-294}117$ nuclei, within the framework of Isospin Cluster Model (ICM). In the ICM model the proximity energy is improved by using the isospin dependent radius of parent, daughter and alpha particle. The binding energy $B(A_{i}, Z_{i})$ (i=1,2) of any nucleus of mass number A and atomic number Z was obtained from a phenomenological and more genaralized BW formula given by \cite{samanta02}. The calculated results in ICM are compared with the experimental results and other theoretical Macro-Microscopic(M-M), RMF(with NL3 and SFU Gold forces parameter) model calculations. The estimated values of $\alpha$-decay half-lives are in good agreement with the recent data. The ICM calculation is in favor of the persence of magic number at N=172.


One of the most persistent views of city life, among both scientists and laymen, is the alteration that presumably occurs in social behavior as a result of urbanization. This view has been articulated by Simmel (1950) and Wirth (1938), who have greatly influenced social scientific thinking about the city. Simmel (1950) argued that, in response to the complexity, market economy, and high level of stimulation of the city, urbanites make adaptations that are reflected in their character. This urban character, according to Simmel, consists of a blas6 attitude, calculability, and reserve (with an overtone of hidden aversion) toward fellow urbanites. Wirth's (1938) seminal paper proposed that the principal features of a city-size, density, and population hetereogeneity-led to a distinctive urban way of life, indicated by superficial and impersonal social relations. Like Simmel, Wirth characterized urban social contact by its indifferent, transitory, and blas6 quality. Anecdotal evidence is


Composite hypermedia documents are fast becoming ubiquitous in the Web. More Websites are effectively serving hypermedia however with hypertext technology. We explore a novel segment-based background prefetch technique that utilizes the rendering properties of various individual media elements and their interdependencies. The technique can accelerate surfing in composite hypermedia.


The topic of this year's Conference on European Economic Integration (CEEI) of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB), which took place in Vienna on November 15 and 16, 2010, was "Catching-Up Strategies after the Crisis." Under this caption, the CEEI 2010 discussed the post-crisis growth of, and convergence prospects for, countries in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE), with a particular focus on possible changes in growth models, monetary policy, financial integration, regulatory requirements and the role of capital and exports. More than 300 participants from over 30 countries and 220 institutions followed the presentations and discussions of high-level representatives of central banks, international organizations and academia. In his opening speech, Ewald Nowotny, Governor of the OeNB and Member of the Governing Council of the ECB, discussed various challenges to future economic developments. He pointed out that, after the positive trend observed in the first half of 2010, we could now see light at the end of the tunnel, although major challenges remained. In particular, fiscal stabilization would require extraordinary efforts over the next few years. Fiscal debt had increased in all CESEE countries in the last two years, although public debt levels were still lower in CESEE than in the euro area. Moreover, the fiscal crisis had underlined the importance of competitiveness, which needed to be supported by, especially, wage developments. With regard to financial stability, Nowotny stated that the euro had acted as a shelter not only for the euro area countries, but also for a broader European region. Similarly, the Basel III agreement would ensure improved financial stability. However, there were also potential risks related to these regulatory changes that might compel some banks to reduce their credit volumes in order to comply with the new regulations.


Demonstration experiments are described and an elementary theory is given, both dealing with the well-known concept that the "beats" arising from two sources of slightly differing frequencies may be described in terms of a traveling pattern of interference fringes. A ripple tank and a special simple generator of ripples at two points were employed. Amplified audible beats from the generator would match the frequency of appearance of the fringes as seen in the tank or projected on a screen. The form of the fringes are closed curves known as Cartesian ovals. They are higher curves that degenerate into expanding circles when the two point sources coincide, or into stationary hyperbolas when their frequencies are equal.The theory for these fringes, their spacings and velocities, is elementary in the sense that, with one exception (dispersive media), use of the calculus is a matter of taste, not of necessity. It is on the level of the college student.


Wordless picturebooks are on the rise and are increasingly revered by readers and critics. In many countries, including the United States, wordless picturebooks have become a sub-genre unto themselves—a publishing trend resulting in author/illustrators who even specialize in this type of book.


Functionalism in international relations theory is an expression of man's ingenuity. As the international state system becomes increasingly inflexible, political leaders, driven by global needs for peace and development, respond by experimenting with new organisational forms which foster common action in a limited number of technical areas. The theorists who espouse or describe the functionalist view maintain that transnational programmes are easier to start when non-controversial in nature and, once begun, will lead automatically to new projects and relationships. 'The functionalist contention', James Sewell observes, 'is generalized by pointing to economic and social sectors as the most promising areas for initiating efforts to bind together common interests; problems in other sectors will be all the more easily solved by approaching them circuitously.' In an era of jealously guarded sovereign rights, then, the functionalist would shy away from politically-inspired efforts towards unity for the less dramatic but realisable goal of limited integration. What results can be anticipated from technical co-ordination at the international level? Although Sewell takes pains to express his respect for the functionalists' goal of greater supranational co-operation, his book is essentially a critique of their thesis. Drawing his conclusions from a single empirical vantage-point (the study of United Nations agencies dealing with economic development, such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, and the United Nations Special Fund), he finds the functionalist interpretation to be 'disappointing'. Sewell appraises the functionalist argument as follows: '[it] enfolds everything in a vague formula: need, functional response, modified response, functionally modified response. We see an agency and assume, in post hoc fashion, a prior or concurrent need; we sense a need and presume an agency or a structural extension will be along shortly.' The functionalists, he insists, should present more specific evidence to support their contentions. In the course of his examination, Sewell raises a number of crucial arguments with regard to the functionalist thesis. For example, he questions the feasibility of insulating the technical from the political. 'The functionalist antipathy toward politics' leads, he asserts, to a search for technical selfdetermination. But such a view involves an 'inadequate consideration of the nature and operation of politics'. To prove his point, Sewell examines various international conflicts, in the allegedly non-controversial area of financing economic development, against the backdrop of cold-war tensions and with regard to such issues as loan policies and private capital investment.


Sustainable development has become a controversial issue in the United States. A fundamental part of the resistance against sustainability programs has manifested in the antiAgenda 21 movement. Despite the fact that Agenda 21 is a several decade old voluntary United Nations sustainability program with no enforcement capabilities, the political right wing of the United States has worked the last few years to legally prohibit the program and label it as a nefarious plan that would damage American society. This movement has the support of the Republican Party, the Tea Party, several conservative think tanks, and various conservative aligned media outlets. The narrative used by these groups to attack the sustainability plan are rooted in a several decade old, obscure conspiracy theory that has been revitalized and has evolved to fit the current political climate. The following work analyzes the conspiracy narratives that allowed an obscure conspiracy theory to become a political issue that has triggered anti-Agenda 21 legislation as well as a right wing social movement. This analysis includes the birth of the conspiracy theory, how it has evolved during its new iteration, and the effects this has on the American political system. The form and content of this abstract are approved. I recommend its publication. Approved: Lucy McGuffey


Purpose – The aim of this study was to draw on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and attempt to identify the factors influencing the customer decision to purchase via online auctions, focusing on how managers selling via online auctions can modify product positioning and promotion decisions in order to make their offerings more congruent with these factors.Design/methodology/approach – The study employed a survey instrument to collect data from Yahoo!Kimo website consumers in Taiwan, obtaining 450 samples which were analyzed with structural equation modeling.Findings – Attitude toward online auctions, perceived behavioral control and past related experiences significantly and positively influence the intention to purchase on online auctions, whereas subjective norm does not have such influence. Additionally, past related experiences have a positive effect on perceived behavioral control.Research limitations/implications – There has been a relative dearth of work on online auction customer behavior. By ...


This survey finds preferences nearly the same as they were a decade ago, but some differences were found between younger and older readers.


Swertia mussotii Franch is an endangered medicinal plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its regeneration from callus culture is very difficult. In this study, an efficient method for plant regeneration was developed from its calli. The calli derived from young stem explants of S. mussotii were cultured at two types of temperature treatments to test their efficiency of shoot regeneration. When the calli were cultured at variable temperature (VT, 20℃ during the day and 10℃ at night) treatment, the adventitious shoots were formed at each combination tested. However, that did not occur when the calli were cultured at constant temperature (CT, 25℃) treatment. The best response (53.7%) of plantlet regeneration was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg·l-1 6-benzylaminopurine with 0.5 mg·l-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the VT treatment. The regenerated plantlets were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. They flowered in the following subculture. The results indicate that the treatment of day-night temperature difference is a critical factor to callus differentiation in S. mussotii. This protocol can be used for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.


The problem of structure subjected to certain external causes is established by a mathematical system consisting of equilibrium equations and prescribed constraint conditions. The satisfaction of constrained trajectories depends on an exact calculation of constraint forces required for satisfying the constraints. Most work related to this subject calculate the constraint forces using a numerical approach including undetermined Lagrange multipliers. However, the Lagrange multipliers method has difficulty in handling systems subjected to several tens of constraints. Starting from the difference in potential energy of structures with and without constraints, this study derives the equilibrium equation of constrained structures. It is shown that the derived equations coincide with the results obtained from previous work. The effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed method are illustrated through the static control of continuous structure and the reanalysis of a simple truss structure with a floating substructure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Self-reflection is one of good habits.Forming your own good reflective habits in the process of teaching will contribute to the development of the teachers' specialization,as well as the development of the students' integrity as an educator.The new fundamental educative curriculum reform in our country challenges the former lessons and the teaching tradition in fully-new concept,demanding that the teachers not only modify the methods of the curriculum practice,but creatively perform the new curriculum.Under this background,more and more people attach importance to self reflective teaching as an important forming part of the new curriculum reform.Meanwhile,it lays more stress on the process of cognition,advocates exploring to study and teachers' activity researches,surpassing the traditional experienced teaching depending on experience and technology.Concerning it,the author considers it to be the crucial problems that people should have self-reflective awareness and self-reflective teaching programme as well as its method.


The effect on the cells involved in the ion exchange mechanism might be expected to be similar to that associated with alkalosis of the body fluids under other circumstances. Exchange of potassium for sodium rather than of hydrogen for sodium would be favored and potassium loss suppressed and an alkaline urine would be produced. The loss of base that excretion of an alkaline urine implies would lead to the production of acidosis. On the other hand, when the body is depleted of potassium, the normal balance between potassium and hydrogen ions is


To the Editor: Recent studies in liver cells have demonstrated that the pH of acidic intracellular compartments in various cell types is highly sensitive to cell volume, i.e., cell swelling leads to an alkalinization of the acidic cellular compartments (1-3). Hepatic proteolysis resides largely within acidic lysosomes and is accomplished by pH-sensitive lysosomal proteinases (4). Thus, the alkalinization of acidic intracellular compartments could couple cell volume to proteolysis, which has been shown to be inhibited by cell swelling (1). The present experiments were performed to test whether cell volume similarly influences the pH of acidic intracellular compartments in endocrine cells, such as cells from pancreatic islets. To this end, acridine orange and fluorescein isothiocyanate (F1TC)-dextran have been utilized as fluorescent indicators of pH in intracellular acidic compartments.


This report describes the technical and cost gap analysis performed to identify pathways for reducing the costs of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) stationary fuel cell power plants.


A micromechanics model based on generalized self-consistent method is proposed to estimate shear elastic properties of unidirectional fibre composites comprising cylindrical orthotropic layers. The features of the generalized self-consistent method are briefly presented and the homogenization schemes in determining the effective shear moduli of transversely isotropic medium are demonstrated. Numerical examples on the prediction of axial and transverse shear moduli of polymer composite reinforced with nanostructure hybrid fibres are illustrated. The close agreement between the prediction results and the results obtained from the available experimental data and finite element study validates the solutions produced by the proposed model.


With the development of science and technology, the structure of engineering system has become increasingly large and complex. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the system in operation, the reliability evaluation of complex system has become an important research field. However, previous studies on the reliability of multi-state systems did not take into account the multi-level performance sharing in the system, and it has been unable to accurately assess the reliability of such complex systems. Therefore, based on the actual engineering system, this paper proposes a multi-state system with multi-level performance sharing mechanism. On this basis, we established a system reliability evaluation model using universal generating function technique. Through numerical examples, the application of the model and analyze the influence of different parameters on system reliability are demonstrated. In addition, we also use genetic algorithm to optimize the allocation of components in the system, so as to improve the reliability of the system. Different from the previous studies on system reliability with common bus performance sharing, the system proposed in this study is more general.


Previous debate on the status of Acacia pendula A.Cunn. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the natural flora ofthe Hunter region of New South Wales remains unresolved. However, the discovery of a journal entry and aspecimen of Acacia pendula collected from 'Hunter's River' by Allan Cunningham in April 1825 potentiallyprovide evidence for its long-term presence there. Close examination of a scan of this specimen reveals a poormatch to the lectotype for this species, and its infertile nature means that it cannot be positively identifiedusing taxonomic keys. Rediscovery of a small group of Acacia 'pendula' plants near to where Cunninghamtravelled in 1825 confirms the sterile and root-suckering habit of the species which is consistent with thosegrowing elsewhere in the region. Despite this find, Cunningham's journal entry and collection provide noconfirmation that Acacia pendula naturally occurred extensively in the region (although it may have beenvery rare) but could suggest either that he had located one of the first introduced stands of the species in theregion (through indigenous people or European settlers), or that these sterile root-suckering plants representa currently un-named taxon or un-recognised hybrid. Final resolution of Hunter Valley populations of Acaciapendula s. lat. may only be attained through genetic studies.


In France, workers' insubordination which erupted into a general strike in 1968 has persisted in the beginning of 1980's and unskilled workers (ouvriers specialises) always remained holder of this disobedience. A series of strikes which broke out in the French motor industry from 1982 to 1983 showed the continuity of workers' insubordination. This labor dispute took place in the factories located in Paris suburbs such as Renault-Flin, Talbot-Poissy and Citroen-Aulay-sous-bois, in which migrant workers, mostly north African-born, were charged in simple and repetitive production tasks. These underprivileged workers in the vertical hierarchy initiated collective actions and vigorously participated in the movement in order to claim higher salaries and an improvement of their working conditions; and sometimes more religious liberty for Muslim practitioners. This situation reflects the new pattern of immigration flow beginning with Evian Accords signed in 1962 by France and FLN putting an end to Algerian war and promoting a cooperative exchange between two countries. In this respect, the rise of North African immigration has become evident in France and the demography of the immigration had a wider impact during the 1980's. As the motor industry is considered as a window on the French society, these strikes generated important political discussions. This situation attracted public attention, because of a high social tension caused by poor working conditions and wage system which subordinates workers to a production system based on the scientific management. The more this event was broadcasted on television, the more it had an impact on French society, revealing the double identity of strikers: unskilled workers and migrant workers from North Africa. Much as the impact of social tension, strikers were considered as foreign intimidators who threatened French culture and republican idea. By separating them from working class and unity of unskilled workers, opponents of social conflict limited the range of these strikes to migrant workers from different cultures. Thus, this showed the development of "Neo-Racism" discourse in France during the 1980's.


Some problems of temperature stabilization of light‐emitting diode (LED) radiation have been discussed in the paper. Temperature–electrical characteristics of LED have been discussed and a way has been suggested to use them for the improvement of techniques for the temperature stabilization of their radiation power. There exists a possibility of developing one common monolithic LED‐compensation system, and at the same time, a thermally compensated electroluminescence diode. The compensation system presented in the paper, in which an LED is a source of radiation and a temperature sensor, is not complicated and is practical in measurements where thermal conditions undergo fast changes. The presented system for the thermal stabilization can be adapted for impulse work, which allows for a considerable increase of LED radiation power. It has been proved in the paper that LED is an original source of radiation which can be applied to a construction of photometers of different kinds, working in real field condit...


Prototype manufacturing as an educational tool has been very successful at the college level in architecture and engineering design. This paper discusses an innovative inquiry-based learning approach rather than the problem-based learning models commonly utilized by other similar programs. For example, several research-funded technology projects (e.g., Cappelleri et al. 2007) look at involving students in problembased learning exercises (e.g., building robots); however, these exercises (while providing valuable experiences) have predetermined outcomes ingrained by the teachers, the project structure, and the components used to construct the devices. Therefore, inquisitive and creative problem solving is limited to the "kit-of-parts" in their approach to solving the problem. The inquiry-based CADCAM pedagogy model is more concerned with the process of solving a problem through the vehicle of prototyping than with the specificity of the design project itself. This approach has great potential. First, the need to solve the problem drives learning on multiple levels, integrating interdisciplinary ideas into the problem and solution. Second, the problem interlocks disciplines through inquiry knowledge building in team exercises. Finally, it encourages diversity and flexibility by allowing students to look at problems from multiples perspectives and points of view.


Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) constitute common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Despite the success of aggressive prophylaxis and screening, the occurrence of DVT and/or PE is not likely to be further reduced. The traditional treatment algorithm of anticoagulation therapy has been very effective. Heparin therapy has been shown to decrease the risk of fatal PE by 75% and to reduce the risk of recurrent PE from 25% to 2%. Long-term therapy with warfarin reduces the incidence of documented DVT from 47% to 2%. However, some patients have contraindication(s) to anticoagulation or prove intolerant of therapy. For this group of patients, a vena cava filter (VCF) may be of benefit. While VCF and the techniques of VCF deployment have evolved significantly over the last four decades, significant complications related to VCF are occasionally seen. This review provides a comprehensive overview of reported VCF-related complications. Cite as: Cipolla J, Weger NS, Sharma R, Schrag SP, Sarani B, Truitt M, Lorenzo M, Sims CA, Kim PK, Torigian D, Temple-Lykens B, Sicoutris CP, Stawicki SP. OPUS 12 Scientist 2008;2(2):11-24. Correspondence to: S. P. Stawicki, MD. OPUS 12 Foundation, 304 Monroe Blvd, King or Prussia, PA, 19406 USA.


Earthquakes occur on the earth's surface as a result of rearrangement of terrestrial cortex or higher part of the mantle. The energy released in this process propagates over long distances in the form of elastic seismic waves [1]. In order to predict earthquakes many models have been proposed [2, 3]. Dynamics of an earthquake is so complicated that it is quite difficult to predict using available models. Seismicity is a classic example of a complex phenomenon that can be quantified using fractal concepts [4]. In this paper we have estimated the fractal dimension, maximum, as well as minimum of the singularities, and the half-width of the multifractal spectrum of the El Salvador Earthquake signal at different stations. The data has been taken from the California catalogue (http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/nsmn eqdata.html). The paper has been arranged as follows: In section 2 the basic theory of multifractality has been discussed, and the results have been presented in section 3 .


A patient with mesenteric lymphagioma which ruptured to cause acute generalized peritonitis 3 years before had a recurrence. This paper describes the case with a review of the literature. A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for suspected recurrence of mesenteric lymphangioma because abdominal fullness developed 3years after the operation for the primary lesion. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT revealed a multi-locular cystic tumor situated in the right side of the abdomen. Supra-mesenteric arteriography showed a displacement of arterial branches, as well as stretching of an artery because of the mass, although the method did not show tumor vascularity. Laparotomy was performed. The tumor was seen at the root of mesentery from the ileum to right colon and filled with light-yellowish serous fluid. It was impossible to resect the tumor alone from the mesentery, and the tumor with the ileum by about 60cm and the ascending colon by about 20cm was excised. Histopathologically numerous sponge-like cavities were observed in the tumor. Histologic diagnosis turned out cavernous lymphangioma.


The outbreak of the World Wide Web and of web 2.0 technologies, coupled with various increased forms of social interaction on globalized digital networks, has not spared higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Through social media, students can share points of view and ideas on common themes, unite around communities they have created sharing the same interests and the same ideology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media on student performance using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The data collected from 460 students and analyzed using SmartPLS software and Structural Equation Modeling revealed that (1) Perceived Satisfaction, Attitude, Intention to Use have a significant influence on academic performance and that (2) Agreeableness and Openness significantly contribute to Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness. This research adds to the existing literature by modeling and evaluating a social media and personality traits-based model, thus offering a holistic approach to understanding social media use in Higher Education.


The design algorithm for simultaneous deadbeat-tracking control of three multi-input multi-output plants is developed. A two-degree-of-freedom parametrized controller has been employed to obtain the simultaneous deadbeat-tracking control design, which comprises of the simultaneous asymptotical-tracking feedback controller and simultaneous deadbeat-tracking prefilter designs. The algorithm for systematic design of this two-degree-of-freedom controller is proposed, such that simultaneous deadbeat-tracking control of three multi-input multi-output plants is attained.


John Cage has had a long and remarkably wide influence in the United Kingdom. Not only was the run-up to his centenary year filled with music and art events, including a major touring exhibition of his visual art curated by British artist Jeremy Millar, but his work has also been adopted by popular culture. In 2010, for instance, a collective of pop musicians recorded his 4' 33" as a Christmas single and strove to have it head the music charts. In the same year, on the BBC's radio program Desert Island Discs, poet Ian McMillan chose 4' 33" as the one record he would want to take to a desert island.1 Within British culture Cage remains a radical touchstone—an intriguing, even mysterious, figure: he was, after all, an American. Talking about what Cage has meant to him, again on BBC radio in the series Great Lives, in 2007, the British-born and American-raised artist Michael Craig Martin said of him, "when someone influences you, it is because they say something that in your heart is familiar to you. They are hitting on something you already feel." The history of that something, and of Cage's presence in Britain, is the subject of this. In it I pick up traces of some long standing, and in some cases, long forgotten, transatlantic conversations about art, education, and culture that reveal something about the times and circles through which Cage moved, and which connect British and American counter-cultural histories.


Objectives To understand related health behavior of the insured diabetes patients,and to provide evidence for medical management policy on the diabetes patients of medical insurance.Methods 1 292 cases of medical records of the diabetes patients with insurance were investigated the life behaviors,complications and other contents using household survey in Beijing,Guangzhou and Wuhan in 2008.Results The smoking proportion of the insured diabetes patients was 15.1%,drinking proportion 8.7%,diet control proportion 89.3%,and exercise participation 75.2%.There was significant difference between the groups with or without complications on exercise behavior(χ2=11.364,P0.002).The complication proportion of patients participated in exercise was 32.8%,lower than that of those not participated in exercise 43.3%(χ2=11.651,P0.003);among patients participated in exercise,the complication proportion of no smoking actors was 31.1%,lower than that of smoking actors 42.9%(χ2=7.555,P0.02).Conclusions Doing exercise was the first primary factor in reducing complications,and quitting smoking could reduce complications further on the basis of doing exercise.


Abstract : A numerical simulation of single droplet phenomena is conducted using a finite volume method. Interface between different phases is tracked by using a front-tracking method. Governing equations used in present paper consist of the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation and the front-tracking equation. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are solved implicitly using the finite volume method on staggered mesh. The interfacial term such as surface tension is negligible and the viscosity of the fluid is considered equal. The completion of pressure term is solved by Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) method. The validation of present paper result is conducted by comparing to Tryggvasson (2012) result using explicit scheme. The advantage of this research is using implicit scheme that is unconditional stable. This research is the initial step to model a single droplet impact on solid surface. In this research will be discussed representation of interface and dynamics of interface reconstruction. Finite volume and front-tracking methods are expected to perform the problem well for more complete case.


Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) show a high but reversible rise of viscosity upon application of an external magnetic field. This effect can be utilized in controllable dampers, when a deep understanding of the mechanisms for this behavior is available. Today the design of dampers is still quite empiric so it is favorable to be able to simulate the damper geometries first. Measurements on MR dampers are shown and compared with the results of a combined simulation of the problem with a CFD code for the flow and a FEA code for the magnetic field distribution in the damper geometry. It is shown that the flow resistance of the orifices that corresponds to the damping force of the damper can be predicted with this simulation using a simple fluid model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Replica geometries are not rigid when gravity is dynamical. We numerically construct $1<n\leq 2$ replica saddles in $2d$ gravity coupled to a CFT and compare the resulting Renyi entropies with the field theory result.


The invention relates to a device (1, 1 ') and a method with a lower housing part (2, 2') and with a filter (4), wherein the filter (4) at least in a part of the edge region (13) on its side facing the housing lower part (2, 2 ') facing the bottom (10) sealed by laser welding to the lower housing part (2, 2') is connected, and wherein the filter (4) is designed as a filter membrane (5) on the underside (10) a fusible non-woven reinforcement (6) may be amplified. The invention is characterized in that the filter membrane (5) or in accordance with the reinforcing web (6) of the filter membrane (5) and the housing lower part (2, 2 ') from being adapted to direct laser welding incompatible plastics, that between the filter (4) or correspondingly between the reinforcing fabric (6) and the housing lower part (2, 2 '), a fleece (3), the filter membrane (5) with a bearing edge (9) of the housing lower part (2, 2' connects) tight, is arranged, and that the lower housing part to the filter membrane (5) towards the laser light (7) is formed absorbent (2, 2 ') at least in a part of the supporting rim (9, 9').


Let's get one thing straight. The Patient's Charter is nothing to do with a patient's right to efficient, decent health care. It is a vehicle used by management and government to attack NHS staff.


Some researchers have investigated whether religiosity is one of the causes of people's hesitancy to get vaccinated against COVID-19, but the results of the literature are inconsistent. This study aimed to test whether the intention to vaccinate could be predicted by participants' religiosity, controlling for variables such as political orientation and trust in scientists. Study participants were 270 Brazilians, who used an online platform to respond. Intention to be vaccinated was assessed by the item "When the Covid-19 vaccine is offered, will you get vaccinated?", whose response options ranged from "1 – Definitely not" to "5 – Definitely yes". Organizational religious activity (ORA), non-organizational religious activity (NORA) and intrinsic religiosity (IR) were assessed by The Duke Religion Scale (DUREL). Unlike NORA and IR, the participants who had higher levels of ORA were less willing to be vaccinated. The possible mechanisms that explain these findings are discussed.


This research aimed to discover whether using a digital multilingual thematic dictionary significantly affects fifth-graders' literacy skills. The author applied pre- and post-test control groups alone for its quasi-experimental design. The researcher used a multi-stage sampling technique to select the research sample. The stage consist of three steps namely: (1) determining population; (2) placement of the sampling area using the statistical matching technique proposed by Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., and Hyun, H.H. (2012); and (3) selection of the control and experimental groups via lottery. Students in the 5A grade from SD N 1 Seririt served as the control group and fifth-graders from SD N 1 Kubutambahan served as the experimental group for the sample. The research instruments featured teaching scenarios for the control and experimental groups as well as literacy competency exams with pre- and post-test questions. The pre-test was administered before of treatment, and the post-test was done afterwards. Three treatment sessions were provided to each group using three different treatment lesson materials namely: daily activities, my school, and clothes. The acquired data were quantitatively examined using N-Gain score test analysis, inferential statistics, and descriptive statistics. Based on the findings of the N-Gain Score test computation and the descriptive analysis, the experimental group's mean N-Gain score was 70.5453%, whereas the control group's mean N-Gain score was 67.9676%. The use of multilingual thematic printed dictionaries in the control group and multilingual thematic digital dictionaries in the experimental group shared the same effect, particularly regarding that they were "moderately effective " to enhance the literacy skills of class students, according to the results of the N-Gain score test, which showed that the experimental group's average score was 70.5% and the control group's average was 68%. Hence, it is proven that multilingual thematic dictionaries, both printed and digital, have a significant impact on fifth-graders' literacy skills.

Keywords: literacy skills, young learner, digital multilingual thematic dictionary


The Inos2+ CLS pacemaker (Biotronik, Germany), which is capable of delivering Closed Loop Stimulation (CLS), is a rate-responsive, dual-chamber device modulated by variations in myocardial contraction dynamics, and therefore, is involved in the physiological cardiovascular control mechanism. The pacemaker detects the time course of the unipolar intracardiac impedance in the neighboring ventricular lead tip, which reflects chan-ges in the volume of blood going to the myocardium during the observed ventricular contraction. Previous studies have demonstrated a good correlation between unipolar intracardiac impedance and right ventricular maximum pressure gradient dp/dtmax (R2 > 0.92), i.e., myocardial contractility [1,2]. As the algorithm detects an increase in the impedance signal, suggesting an increasing hemodynamic need, the pacemaker reacts promptly with an adequate increase in the stimulation rate [3,4]. CLS makes the implanted pacemaker an integral part of the natural cardiovascular control loop and enables the heart rate to be managed by the information coming from the autonomic nervous system. The pacemaker becomes fully integrated into this physiological control system and can contribute in specific and adequate ways to situations of imbalance [5,6]. During neurally-mediated syncope, when chronotropy is temporarily impaired and contractility becomes the sole means to control the cardiac output, CLS establishes an artificial sinus node controlled by the sympathetic/parasympathetic drives. The "node" converts the load-dependent variations in contractility into individualized pacing rates, and restores an artificial and physiological chronotropy [7]. Heart Rate Variability Analysis Before and After Pacemaker Implantation in Neuromediated Syncopal Patients


This study descriptionbes nurses' perceptions regarding the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients in Mauritius. Our findings showed that the nurses undertook a number of activities to a certain extent.


ABSTRACT Floristic quality is a rapid assessment metric designed to evaluate the closeness of the flora of an area to undisturbed conditions. To be useful for a variety of monitoring applications it has to be calibrated for local conditions. Based on data from 554 lakes, this paper develops a floristic quality metric for Wisconsin lake plant communities and calibrates it for ecoregional and lake type differences. The Northern Lakes and Forests ecoregion had the highest floristic quality with flowages having the highest number of species and lakes having the highest average coefficient of conservatism ([Cbar]). Floristic quality in lakes and flowages in the North Central Hardwoods region and the Southeastern Till Plain region were not significantly different and were combined into a single group. Their floristic quality was intermediate between the Northern Lakes and Forest groups and the final group that was a combined Driftless Area and Mississippi River Backwater lake group. When applied to a limited nu...


Background CNS dissemination is an uncommon but lethal event in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Early detection of CNS disease and a timely and effective CNS prophylaxis are the main strategies to reduce related mortality. However, both the criteria for recognition of lymphoma patients (pts) with increased risk of CNS involvement and the most effective prophylaxis modality remain important, unmet clinical needs. Some international guidelines recommend intrathecal chemotherapy by lumbar injection as exclusive prophylaxis; however, this strategy results in erratic, short-lived drug bioavailability and does not prevent brain parenchymal relapses. Herein, we report a retrospective analysis of the value of clinical variables and immunohistochemical ontogenic stratification in predicting CNS dissemination and of risk-tailored CNS prophylaxis in a mono-institutional series of 194 pts with DLBCL treated in the rituximab era.

Methods Consecutive HIV- adults with DLBCL without CNS involvement at diagnosis treated with first-line rituximab-CHOP or similar ± radiotherapy were considered. Primary CNS, mediastinal and cutaneous leg-type lymphomas were excluded. 'High risk' of CNS relapse was defined by the involvement of the testis, spine, skull, orbit, nasopharynx, kidney, and/or breast or by IPI ≥2 (including two among extranodal sites ≥2, advanced stage and high serum LDH). DLBCLs were ontogenically subclassified in 'germinal-centre B-cell-like' (GCB) and 'non-germinal-centre B-cell-like' (non-GC) by immunohistochemistry following the Hans algorithm.

Results 194 patients were analyzed (median age 65, range 18-89; M:F ratio 1.1). Risk of CNS relapse was low in 90 pts and high in 104. Low-risk pt did not receive CNS prophylaxis, while 40/104 (38%) high-risk pts received 3-4 courses of methotrexate 3 g/m2 ± intrathecal (IT) liposomal cytarabine (n=30), cytarabine 16 g/m2 in 4 days (n=2) or IT chemotherapy (n=8). In the high-risk group, IPI ≥2 was more common among pts who did not receive prophylaxis (89% vs. 68%; p=0.006), while "high-risk" extranodal lymphomas were more common among pts who did (88% vs. 33%; p= 0.0001). One hundred and forty-one cases were assessable for Hans algorithm: 74 (52%) were GCB and 67 (48%) were non-GCB DLBCL. GCB DLBCLs were significantly associated with low CNS risk (55% vs. 31%; p= 0.004), and normal LDH levels (57% vs. 36%; p= 0.02); ontogenic stratification was not associated with high-risk extranodal sites, IPI ≥2, bone marrow infiltration, stage and systemic symptoms.

After first-line treatment, 160 pts achieved a CR (82%; 95%CI= 77-87%), 34 pts had PD. At a median follow-up of 60 months (13-156), a single low-risk pt and 9 high-risk pts (1% vs. 9%; p= 0.016) experienced CNS relapse (exclusive site in all cases; brain in 5 pts, meninges in 5), with a median TTP of 12 months (7-55). CNS relapses occurred in 3 pts with IPI ≥2, in 1 pt with extranodal disease (testis) and in 5 pts with both features (kidney 3; testis, orbit). Ontogenic stratification was not associated with CNS recurrence, which was 5% for GCB and 6% for non-GCB; these figures were confirmed when analysis was limited to high-risk pts managed without prophylaxis.

In the high-risk group, CNS relapses occurred in 7/64 (11%) pts who did not receive prophylaxis, in 2/8 (25%) pts who received only IT chemotherapy, whereas no CNS relapses were detected in the 32 pts treated with intravenous (IV) prophylaxis. CNS relapse rate was 13% for pts treated with "inadequate" prophylaxis (none or IT only) and 0% (p= 0.03) for pts managed with IV prophylaxis.

Eight pts with CNS relapses died of lymphoma after 7-37 months (median 12), which represented 28% of all lymphoma-related deaths (n=29) in the high-risk group. Pts treated with IV prophylaxis had a significantly better OS than the other high-risk pts (5-yr: 94 ± 7% vs. 49 ± 6%; p= 0.001).

Conclusions Stratification by specific extranodal sites and IPI is superior to ontogenic stratification to recognize CNS risk groups in DLBCL. However, the low sensitivity of predictive clinical variables suggests that molecular studies focused on the predictive and pathogenic role of molecules involved in CNS tropism will contribute to a more accurate definition of lymphoma candidates for CNS-directed strategies. In this context, IV high-dose methotrexate-based prophylaxis may significantly reduce CNS failures in high-risk pts.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The invention discloses a method for preparing atorvastatin calcium. According to the method, a pyrrole ring is synthesized by performing Hantzsch reaction on a compound III and ethyl isobutyrylacetate; reaction conditions of a compound VI and a compound VII are mild; and a methanol-anhydrous calcium chloride system is adopted when calcium salt is generated, and atorvastatin calcium is generated finally. A product is high in purity and safety factor, energy consumption is low, yield is high, the reaction conditions are relatively mild, and separation is easy to realize.


1. Liberati A., Altman D. G., Tetzlaff J., Mulrow C., Gøtzsche P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000100. 2. Spring B., Howe D., Berendsen M., McFadden H. G., Hitchcock K., Rademaker A. W., Hitsman B. Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to control smoking cessation-related weight gain. Addiction 2009; 104:1472–86. 3. Parsons A., Lycett D., Aveyard P. Response to Spring et al.: What is the best method to assess the effect of combined interventions for smoking cessation and post-cessation weight gain? Addiction 2011; 106: 675–6. 4. Spring B., McFadden H. G., Rademaker A. W., Hitsman B. Behavioral interventions to promote smoking cessation and prevent weight gain: a reply. Addiction 2011; 106: 674–5. 5. Friedman L. M., Furberg C. D., DeMets D. L. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. 4 edn. New York, N.Y: Springer; 2010. 6. Piantadosi S. Clinical Trials: A Methodologic Perspective. 2 edn. New York, N.Y: John Wiley; 2005. 7. Moher D., Jadad A. R., Nichol G., Penman M., Tugwell P., Walsh S. Assessing the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials: An Annotated Bibliography of Scales and Checklists. Control Clin Trials 1995; 16: 162–73. 8. Bhogal S. K., Teasell R. W., Foley N. C., Speechley M. R. The PEDro scale provides a more comprehensive measure of methodological quality than the Jadad scale in stroke rehabilitation literature. J Clin Epidemiol 2005; 58: 668–73. 9. Moher D., Schulz K. F., Altman D. G. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. Lancet 2001; 357: 1191–94. 10. Boutron I., Moher D., Altman D. G., Kenneth F. Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P. for the CONSORT Group. Extending the CONSORT Statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148: 295–309. 11. Mohr D. C., Spring B., Freedland K. E., Beckner V., Arean P., Hollon S. D., Ockene J., Kaplan R. The selection and design of control conditions for randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions. Psychother Psychosom 2009; 78: 275–284. 12. Hedeker D., Mermelstein R. J., Demirtas H. Analysis of binary outcomes with missing data: missing = smoking, last observation carried forward, and a little multiple imputation. Addiction 2007; 102: 1564–73. 13. Nelson D. B., Partin M. R., Fu S., Joseph A. M., An L. C. Why assigning ongoing tobacco use is not necessarily a conservative approach to handling missing tobacco cessation outcomes Nicotine Tob Res 2009; 11: 77–83. 14. Schneider K. L., Hedeker D., Bailey K. C., Cook J. W., Spring B. A comment on analyzing addictive behaviors over time. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12: 445–8. 15. Spring B., Pagoto S., Knatterud G., Kozak A., Hedeker, D. Examination of the analytic quality of behavioral health randomized clinical trials. J Clin Psychol 2007; 63: 53–71 16. Pagoto S., Kozak A.T., John P., Bodenlos J., Hedeker D., Spring B. Intention-to-Treat Analyses in Behavioral Medicine Randomized Clinical Trials: The Impact of CONSORT. Int J Behav Med 2009; 16: 316–22. 17. Danielsson T., Rossner S., Westin A. Open randomised trial of intermittent very low energy diet together with nicotine gum for stopping smoking in women who gained weight in previous attempts to quit [including commentary by Jones K]. BMJ 1999; 319: 490–4. 18. Lycett D, Munafo M, Johnstone E, Murphy M, Aveyard P. Associations between weight change over 8 years and baseline body mass index in a cohort of continuing and quitting smokers. Addiction 2011; 106: 188–96.


This study examined factors affecting on chlorophyll extraction from Egyptian Luffa leaf for using as food colorant. Optimal conditions for chlorophyll extraction were ethanol 96% for 97 minutes at 49oC and extraction speed at 123 rpm. The quality of extracts was investigated for microorganisms, heavy metals and antioxidant activity by using the DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1- DPPH) method. The free radical scavenging activities of extract presented by the IC50 value was 261,7 μg/mL.


The Vatican has waged a war on nuns who have followed the dictates of Vatican II. The war has centered on clothing as a symbol of what the male dominated Vatican thinks of as acceptable feminine behavior.It should be no revelation to note that men have used dress as a means for asserting their dominance over women. Dress has symbolized women's place in society perhaps as long as there has been society. In general, of course, one's manner of dress symbolizes and advertises social position. However, I mean more than merely class or status here when I speak of masculine assertion of dominance over women. I mean the assertion of power, the right to that power, and as part of that right the innate privilege of exercising choice regarding what should be done in society. As part of that right, standards of purity and modesty hold a superior and integral place.


The effects of Laserthermia plus chemotherapy on a human gastric cancer transplanted into nude mice was investigated. Three different treatment regimes were tested. The relative tumor growth rate according to the Battele Columbus Laboratories protocol, was as follows. 5-FU chemotherapy, 54%; Laserthermia, 31%; and combined treatment with 5-FU and Laserthermia, 21%. The greatest degree of tumor regression was achieved in the combined therapy group. It is suggested that the combination therapy of Laserthermia plus antitumor agents may be useful in the treatment of gastric cancer in humans.


ABSTRACT The overloading of particle clearance is an important issue in the design and interpretation of inhalation toxicological studies. This issue is particularly important in chronic inhalation bioassays in rats, in which overloading is associated with inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and fibrosis, which may amplify carcinogenic responses or, as suggested by some, even induce cancer regardless of the inhaled material. At present, the key issue is whether or not data from exposures causing overload in animals are useful for predicting health effects in man. A review of reports of chronic inhalation studies in rats exposed to a spectrum of materials suggests that not all exposures resulting in overloading cause cancer, and that the cancer incidences from exposures causing overloading appear to reflect the relative carcinogenic potentials of the test materials. Data from such exposures, however, do little to establish the exposure-response relationship at lower doses most typically relevant to hum...


on the sick (Mk 523, 65, io'6 and especially Lk 1310 -16) which was a strengthening for work. They had seen Him raise His hands over them at the Ascension (Lk z4so) when He sent them out to work for Him. Surely this very fundamental idea of Sending to Work and Strengthening for Work lies behind the ' ordination ' of the Seven (Ac 66), the ' confirmations ' at Samaria (Ac 817) and at Ephesus (Ac 19~), the commissioning at Antioch


The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between fuel price, land use characteristics and household travel greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Sydney, and determine fuel price policy implications to efficiently reduce overall travel GHG emissions in the short-term, taking into account social equity. There were three main findings. Firstly, econometric analysis revealed that household travel emissions was reduced as fuel price increased, and the effect of fuel price change could vary substantially across the whole metropolitan area, and households living in higher density areas have higher fuel elasticity in terms of reducing travel emissions. Scenario analysis showed that, to some extent, raising fuel price effectively reduced overall travel GHG emissions in the short-term; however, the marginal effect of raising price on emissions reduction showed a decrease and the effect of implementing fuel price policy only was limited. A greater reduction effect could be achieved longterm through the combination of fuel price policy and land use policy. Thirdly, a proportion of poor socioeconomic households were in the highest emissions quintile, with car emissions very high among their overall emissions. This suggests that care should be taken when implementing fuel price policies to ensure that such households are not negatively impacted.


The morphology of the fracture surfaces of polymer/date pits composites was investigated. Polymers used in this study were high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS). Date pits in the form of granules were two types of date pits: khlaas (K) and sekari (S). Two coupling agents, diphenylmethane-4 4′-diisocyanate (DPMI) and ethylene propylene grafted with malice anhydride (EP-g-MA), were used to ease the incorporation of date pit particles into polymer matrix. The SEM micrographs of the neat composites, that is, with no coupling agents, showed coarse morphology with bad dispersion, adhesion, and distribution of date pit particles within the polymer matrix. On the other hand, PS100/K composites coupled with DPMI and EP-g-MA had reasonable dispersed phase size with good distribution and adhesion to the composite matrix which in turn improve the mechanical properties of the resulted polymer/date pits composites.


Measurement of the response of single, unconstrained ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is useful for facilitating experiment interpretation and theoretical comparison. An experimental setup has been developed to characterize the acoustic large amplitude response of microbubbles called double passive cavitation detection (PCD) which consists of three confocally aligned transducers. The symmetric single bubble responses from within the confocal region are analyzed for the presence or absence of a postexcitation signal (PES), a rebound characteristic response to large amplitude pressures that may follow the initial harmonic UCA response. Experimental sensitivity to the PES is explored by receiving with transducers of different frequencies. Theoretical models indicate postexcitation rebound occurs following shell rupture and inertial cavitation of the UCA. The postexcitation response curves as a cavitation metric are useful for characterizing distinct collapse thresholds among UCAs which arise due to material...


Contents: Wolfgang Zach/Ulrich Pallua: Introduction - Wolfgang Benz: The Construction of Modern Antisemitism: From Race Ideology to Genocide - Lucy Collins: "Where are we heading?" Fred D'Aguiar and the Poetics of Race - Yasue Arimitsu: Nation and Literature: Literary Possibilities in a Multicultural Society - Dave Gunning: Ethnicity Politics in Contemporary Black British and British Asian Literature - Thomas Spielbuchler: Ethnicity as a Stumbling Block in Postcolonial Africa - Claude Couture: Racism, Nationalism and Literature: the Case of French Canada - Wolfgang Zach/Ulrich Pallua/Adrian Knapp/Cynthia Rauth: Slavery and Literature: The Abolition Period in Britain. Main Results of a Research Project - Anthony Barthelemy: Fictions of Benevolence: Huckleberry Finn and the Residual Cruelty of Slavery - Donathan Lawrence Brown: In Defense of Slavery & Negative Difference: George Fitzhugh and Negro Slavery - Mary Niall Mitchell: They Called Her "Ida May": Truth, Fiction, and Race After the Fugitive Slave Act - Andreas Oberprantacher: Bare Life Sovereignty, Biopower and Modern Slavery in Contemporary Political Theory - Andrew Milne-Skinner: Liverpool's Slavery Museum: a Blessing or a Blight? - Ljiljana Ina Gjurgjan: Interculturality and (Post)colonialism: Ethnicity, Nationalism, Cultural Memory and Identity - Brigitte Glaser: Crossing Borders: Interracial Relationships in English Colonial Fiction - Laurie R. Cohen: The 'Other' Image of Women Antimilitarists, or Watching Women Duel - Rudiger Ahrens: Ethical Norms and Ethnic Frictions in the Novels of J. M. Coetzee - Andrea Strolz: A Map to the Middle Passage as Heterotopia: Cultural Memory in Dionne Brand's At the Full and Change of the Moon (1999).


The relevance of the study is associated with the transformation of media consumption of the young generation under the influence of the realities of the information society. Of particular theoretical significance is the identification of the degree of objectivity of the rationale for differentiating the young generation of media consumers into two sub-groups – Y and Z.
The empirical basis was both the results of studies of youth media consumption presented by various domestic authors, as well as their own study of media consumption by Tambov schoolchildren and students. The research material is the online publications Meduza and NR, which were named as the source of news by the majority of the polled millenials and centenials. The methodological base of the work is based on a systematic approach and a comparative method.
The results of this study show that the media consumption of generations Y and Z has identical characteristics: multitasking thinking, a high level of technological culture, the desire for active consumption of information, the need for individual choice of media content.
However, one can state the objectivity of justifying the differentiation of the young generation of media consumers into two subgroups. Millennials are characterized by egocentricity, centennials – by tolerance; in the content of information for generation Y, an element of the game is obligatory, and for generation Z – the actual basis; millennials are self-confident, open to various streams of information, while centenials are distinguished by an ironic view of the world.


Studies on the biology of an important forest plant defoliator Eligma narcissus on Ailanthus spp (economically important forest plant yielding raw material for paper manufacture and aromatic resins). Ecological relationships of this pest species with reference to climatological factors in man-made plantations presented. Influence of host plants on its survival and reproduction, lifetables are presented. This is a monograph on Eligma narcissus covering major aspects and I feel its a useful reference for researchers in Entomology.


since the first man perceived and used his environment there has existed a reciprocal manland an relationship the physical environment provides opportunities for mans use and also sets limitations man perception and use of his environment is greatly influenced by his culture which consists of past experience technology attitudes and needs it is these factors that determine what a man will ill lii see as possibilities in land use and how he will use his environment in the case of the relic mormon culture region mormon religious beliefs highly influenced perception of the environment most visual geographical features of the landscape in the relic mormon culture region were influenced by religious doctrines and practices general examples of such landscape features in the region are ruralurban pattern urba agriculture activities and patterns urban landscape vegetation irrigation systems buildings settlement patterns and natural souic exploitation COMMITTEE APPROVAL F 7j aar r n ry richard H jacksor n J committee ks chairman pn 0 p D L L y ajxv Aj lloyd x hudmn dmy l committee ember membe 1e hr m e ans


In order to reduce the sidelobe level of the distributed nested circular array, the distributed nested circular array is sparsely arranged based on the ant colony algorithm. After the ant colony continues to search and move, the optimal array element position distribution is finally found, which has the array element position with the lowest peak sidelobe level. The simulation shows that under the condition that the number of array elements is constant, the peak side lobe level of the antenna array pattern is effectively reduced.


Objective To investigate the related factors of clopidogrel resistance among patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods 78 patients with unstable angina pectoris were given clopidogrel orally.The thrombin-induced,ADP-induced platelet aggregation response of the patients before and at 3 d,5 d after medication was determined.Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and fasting serum insulin(FSI)were tested by hexokinase and radio-immunity respectively.The insulin sensitivity index(ISI)was counted.The coronary risk factors were observed.The rate of clopidogrel resistance,ISI and coronary risk factors were analyzed.Results After thrombin-induced for 3 d,5 d,the rate of clopidogrel resistance was 25.6% and 29.5%,and the rate after ADP-induced was 6% and 5% respectively.The platelet aggregation rates of 55 patients(thrombin-induced)at 5 d after taking clopidogrel were higher than those after 3 d of medication.There was no significant difference in ISI and the coronary risk factor between resistance group and effective group(P0.05).Conclusion ①Insulin resistance and clopidogrel resistance rate has no correlation.② The coronary risk factor and clopidogrel resistance has no correlation.③Clopidogrel can irreversibly inhibit the ADP which may up-regulate other platelet activation access.


This study investigated the effect of computer-assi sted instruction (CAI) on adult second language (L2) learners' vocabulary recognition and production across high and low proficiency levels. Seventy-four participants were assigned to experimental (CAI) and control groups. All participants in the CAI group were categorized into high and low proficiency levels, based on their L2 vocabulary knowledge. The treatment lasted for one semester, 16 sessions, during which 16 passages were covered. While the CAI group individually worked on the passages uploaded on the CALL software, enhanced with hypert ext annotations, the control group read the same passages through traditional teacher-direc ted instruction. The comparison of vocabulary recognition and production pretest and p ost-test scores revealed the significant effect of CAI on L2 learners' vocabulary uptake in the immediate and delayed post-tests. While no significant differences were found between the h igh and low proficiency participants in terms of their improvement from production pretest to the post-test, lower-level participants revealed more vocabulary recognition gains. The fin dings have pedagogical implications for L2 teachers, practitioners, and courseware designer s i that they can rely on CALL software as a viable scaffolding tool for L2 vocabulary growth.


ARRIEL, E. F.; PAULA, R. C. de; RODRIGUES, T. de J. D.; BAKKE, O. A.; ARRIEL, N. H. C. Genetic divergence among progenies of Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus, submitted to three watering regimes. Cientifica, Jaboticabal, v. 34, n. 2, p. 229-237, 2006. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of three watering regimes on the development of 32 open pollinated progenies of Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (faveleira) seedlings and studying the genetic divergence between these materials. The faveleira is a xerophylous plant used for restoring degraded areas, human food and animal feed, medical purpose, firewood and low quality wood, energy source, sawmill production, among other uses. The experiment was conducted in a randomized blocks design, in a factorial outline of 32 x 3 (progenies and watering regimes), with four repetitions. Initially, an analysis of variance was conducted with the objective of determining the degree of genetic variability. For the divergence study, the data were submitted to a grouping analysis using Tocher's method and, additionally, the principal components technique was used to identify the most important characters. Families showing the highest dry root mass means and, or, divergent root/ shoot ratios were detached. The reduction in water availability affected negatively most characters, except the number of thorns. Characteristics that may be discarded in future studies are stem diameter, plant height, and leaf, aerial part and total dry matter, these characteristics representing 60% of the evaluated ones.


The purpose of this paper is to study the distributions of statistics for testing some hypotheses concerning comparison of profiles. The hypotheses considered include the parallelism hypothesis, the level hypothesis, and the flatness hypothesis. We derive asymptotic expansions of the distribution functions of test statistics for these hypotheses and hence of the upper percentage points of the statistics up to the first order term with respect to the inverse of the sample size, under general distributions.


Recent investigations have been revealing that platelet can sense shear stress and cold stimulation. These mechanical and physical stimuli alter the platelet functions, including induction of activation and irreversible dysfunction. These data may suggest that platelets, most small-sized cells, can efficiently circulate in the microcirculatory vasculature, and can sense the peripheral physical conditions including temperature. Here we show that human megakaryocytic cell line, MEG-01 and platelets express vanilloid receptor VR1, a receptor for capsaicin. It has been identified that VR1 is linked to thermal sensor, and this can sense hyperthermia around 43 °. Therefore we examined the physiological significance of VR1 expressed on MEG-01 and platelets. First we identified the expression of VR1 on human platelets and MEG-01 by immunoblotting, flowcytometer and RT-PCR, and identified the expression of VR1 on these cells. Hyperthermia stimulation of MEG-01 at 40–43 ° generated a endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol(2-AG) and anandamide. Since this effect of hyperthermia stimulation was abolished by the incubation with capsazepine, an antagonistic analogue of capsaicin, it was suggested that the effect of hyperthermia might through VR1. It is well known that 2-AG and anandamide act on their specific receptors, CB1, CB2 and VR1 expressed on various cell-types, and act as an endocannabinoids, and accomplish diverse physiological functions, including vessel dilatation. Hyperthermia stimulation also affected the cell-cycle and induced G1-phase arrest in MEG-01 cells, partially through autocrine manner of generated endocannabinoids by acting of CB1 and CB2 receptors. Moreover prolonged hyperthermia stimulation up to 6 hours induced cellular apoptosis in MEG-01 by releasing cytocrome C and resulting caspase cascade activation. Based on these results, we hypothesize that VR1 on platelets may act as a hyperthermal sensor and generate endocannabinoid, and this may regulate the diverse systems including vessel functions.


The knowledge of how the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesis influences its structure would be of paramount importance since the structure will affect the properties of SWCNTs based device. This paper presents the synthesis of SWCNTs using thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique. In the substrate preparation involving deposition of Fe catalyst, NH3 treatment is being introduced in order to investigate the effect on the characteristic of SWCNTs. Structural characterizations were carried out using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Highly crystalline SWCNTs with diameter range of 1.31 nm to 1.79 nm can be obtained from Raman spectra. The appearance of spots in SEM image seems to imply that SWCNTs are grown in bundles. It was found that SWCNTs grown with NH3 catalyst etching is highly crystalline and have narrower diameter distribution compared to the one without the treatment. This highly crystalline structure would be desirable for enhancement in the cond...


This work proposes a novel solution to the problem of internal covariate shift and dying neurons using the concept of linked neurons. We define the neuron linkage in terms of two constraints: first, all neuron activations in the linkage must have the same operating point. That is to say, all of them share input weights. Secondly, a set of neurons is linked if and only if there is at least one member of the linkage that has a non-zero gradient in regard to the input of the activation function. This means that for any input in the activation function, there is at least one member of the linkage that operates in a non-flat and non-zero area. This simple change has profound implications in the network learning dynamics. In this article we explore the consequences of this proposal and show that by using this kind of units, internal covariate shift is implicitly solved. As a result of this, the use of linked neurons allows to train arbitrarily large networks without any architectural or algorithmic trick, effectively removing the need of using re-normalization schemes such as Batch Normalization, which leads to halving the required training time. It also solves the problem of the need for standarized input data. Results show that the units using the linkage not only do effectively solve the aforementioned problems, but are also a competitive alternative with respect to state-of-the-art with very promising results.


The present invention discloses a high-gas loose thick coal seam coal-mining technique. It is characterized by that its working face adopts inclined long wall and retreating caving method. Besides, said invention also provides the concrete steps of its back production process. In the tunnel several gas monitoring substations are uniformly distributed, and used for transmission and control of gas signal.


This study is based on analysis of 3D photonic crystal structure (PCS) for realization of photonic reflector pertaining to suitable optical communication wavelengths of 850, 1310 and 1550 nm. The said photonic reflector application is envisaged separately by two 3D PCSs, which comprise semiconductor (germanium) and metal (iron) based circular rods respectively, arranged on a square lattice having air as the background material. The plane wave expansion (PWE) technique is employed to investigate the photonic band gap (PBG) vis-à-vis all the aforementioned wavelengths. PBG is meticulously controlled by suitably selected various structure parameters, such as lattice spacing, diameter of the circular rods and nature of their material. Simulation outcomes explored that semiconductor based PCS reflects wavelengths of 850, 1310 and 1550 nm, when selecting the diameter of the circular rods as 282, 608 and 771 nm, respectively, whereas metal based PCS reflects the aforementioned wavelengths for diameters of the circular rods close to 335, 1070 and 871 nm, respectively. Further, we assayed the variation in reflected wavelength with respect to different diameters of circular rods for both proposed structures. Thus, the proposed optical reflectors can find a wide range of applications vis-à-vis three communication windows.


Introduction: The Ryugu samples are mainly composed of materials that are related to the CI (Ivunalike) carbonaceous chondrites and are dominated by minerals produced by extensive aqueous alteration in the parent planetesimal from which Ryugu was derived [1]. Oxygen-isotope study of Ryugu samples could provide important constraints on the origin and evolution of the water that has caused aqueous activity. Manganese-chromium isotope study could determine the timing of such aqueous activity. Experimental: A polished thick section, A0058C1001, was prepared from a ~3-mm-piece collected from the first sampling site on Ryugu. We also used sections of the Ivuna CI chondrite for comparison. Oxygen-isotope compositions in dolomite and magnetite were measured with the ims-1280HR SIMS instrument at Hokkaido University [2]. A ~150 pA Cs primary ion beam focused to ~5 μm was used. Secondary O, O, and O ions were measured simultaneously using two Faraday cups and an electron multiplier (EM). We checked OH intensity after each measurement and corrected the OH contribution to O. We used a suite of dolomiteankerite standards and a polycrystalline magnetite standard [3,4]. The Mn-Cr isotope systematics in dolomites were measured with the same SIMS using a ~100 pA O primary beam focused to ~5 μm. Secondary Cr, Cr, and Mn ions were measured simultaneously using three EMs. The mass resolving power was ~6800. Isotope ratios were calculated using total counts. Instrumental mass fractionation and Mn/Cr relative sensitivities were corrected using a synthetic calcite standard MACS-3NP [5]. The Mn/Cr relative sensitivity factor may include a systematic error because of the lack of dolomite standards [6]. Results and Discussion: The A0058-C1001 section is dominantly composed of a phyllosilicate matrix with abundant sub-μm magnetite and Fe-sulfide (Fig. 1). The area shown in Fig. 1 also has large (>10 μm) grains of pyrrhotite, dolomite, and magnetite. The accessory minerals include pentlandite, cubanite, Mnrich ilmenite, apatite, Cr-spinel, and Mg-Na-phosphate. The section does not contain apparent chondrules or Ca-Al-rich inclusions. Collectively, the petrology and mineralogy of the A0058-C1001 are consistent with extensively aqueously altered CI chondrites. Figure 2 shows oxygen isotopic compositions of dolomite and magnetite from Ryugu and Ivuna. The bulk O-isotope compositions of Ryugu samples [7] are also shown. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the dolomites from Ryugu are nearly identical to those from Ivuna, and are generally consistent with SIMS measurements of CI carbonates [8]. Their O values are consistent with the bulk Ryugu values within uncertainty. In contrast to the magnetite separates with the uniform O at ~1.7‰ [9], our SIMS data show spreads in O for magnetite grains. All Ryugu magnetite grains but one have O values around −0.1‰. One Ryugu magnetite has the highest O ~ +3.1‰. These magnetite grains may have recorded the O-isotope evolution of water from which they precipitated during aqueous alteration. Based on the Oisotope compositions of olivine and pyroxene in CI chondrites that are ~0‰ or lower in O [8,10], the highest O from the Ryugu magnetite suggests that the O-isotope composition of water before extensive interaction with silicates could have O > +3‰.


T note introduces our special issue on "Human Rights, Global Conferences, and the Making of Postwar Transnational Feminisms." In it we try to capture part of the contentious histories of feminist activism unfolding in the period after World War II. We focus specifically on the meanings for feminist thought and action worldwide of the UN sponsored world conferences on women and related international gatherings. Prodded by international and national women's non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and facilitated through the UN's Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), the United Nations General Assembly declared 1975 "International Women's Year" (IWY) and named 1975–1985 as the "Decade for Women." The UN sponsored three large international conferences beginning with Mexico City (1975), followed by Copenhagen (1980), and Nairobi (1985); these gatherings generated so much momentum that a Fourth Women's World Conference was held in Beijing in 1995. Other UN conferences, including the World Conference Against Racism (WCAR) in Durban, South Africa in September 2001, also featured in this issue, allowed feminist antiracist activists around the globe to come together to discuss understandings of the intersections of gender and racial oppression.1 These conferences took place against the backdrop of a number of formative geopolitical developments: Cold War tensions and their subsequent easing after 1989; decolonization struggles and emerging nations' insistent drive for equitable economic development amid the continuing inequalities of the global economic and political order; the rise of neo-liberal economic agendas; women's increased participation globally in the formal labor sector; transnational organizing for lesbian and gay rights; and a concomitant, significant rise by the mid-1990s of conservative religious and fundamentalist groups around the world. These geopolitical and cultural factors sometimes sustained and sometimes constrained the ability of diverse feminist


SUMMARY
The angle of repose under water is experimentally determined for a single particle on a fixed rough bed.

The effect of grain shape, size and sorting of the bed and ratio of particle diameter to average bed grain diameter are taken into account. An empirical equation is given for predicting angle of repose as a function of the above factors. The accuracy of fit of this equation is quite good. Several other conclusions drawn for the case of a single grain on a fixed rough bed are:

1Angle of repose increases with decrease in size, departure from sphericity and increased angularity.
2Angle of repose increase with decrease in sorting.
3A single angle of repose for sand size grains is not valid. Variation ranges from nearly 90° to less than 20°, depending on the values of the factors given above.


This paper studies the arguments and strategies deployed by fathers' and women's rights advocates in the field of child custody and access law reform in order to raise questions about the capacity of the concept of equality to encompass the complex socio-economic relations that frame and limit parenting patterns. The paper critically analyzes the ways in which fathers' rightists and women's groups invoke equality, heeding reminders that political equality and economic equality are inseparable issues, and that the culture wars are not severable from the economic order. It re-thinks feminist approaches to equality by considering equality claims by groups that are not historically disadvantaged, specifically fathers' rightists. Fathers' rightists have drawn on a formal approach to equality, whereas women's groups have tended towards a substantive equality approach. Fathers' rightists sometimes suggest that women should not be permitted to benefit legally from the fact that they have taken different life choices in relation to familial responsibilities. Yet successful arguments on behalf of women tend to reinforce privatized economic remedies, which in turn reinforce women's dependency. The meaning of these success stories will be considered in relation to neo-liberal policies on the privatization of economic responsibilities.


Housework or domestic work is the work performed in the interest for one or more households. Convention No.189/2011 and Recommendation of domestic workers no.201/2011 were adopted in the framework of the 100th session of the International Labour Organization Conference. These regulations provided detailed and constructive orientations on how to regulate a category of workers who need support. This document presents some aspects of domestic workers rights provided by Convention no. 189 and Recommendation No. 201. Thus, we will talk about the rights of domestic workers regarding salary, hours off, social protection, health and safety at work, and what are the measures which should be adopted by states which ratify this Convention.


Tunable CW laser action of platelet semiconductors is reported in both mode-locked and unmode-locked configurations. The gain media are platelets of CdS, CdSe, CdSSe and InGaAsP, cooled to 85K and longitudinally pumped by argon-ion and krypton-ion lasers. Anti-reflection coating of the crystal face and external bandwidth restriction have been used to generate pulses as short as 4 ps in CdS. The pulses observed are chirped, with non-transform limited time-bandwidth products of about 1.7. The energy conversion efficiency is 20% into the TEMoo mode, with output powers of over 10 mW from CdS. Pulses as short as 7 ps tunable over a 26 nm range have been obtained in InGaAsP.


Background Disabled people face a multitude of social barriers to leading a physically active lifestyle. These barriers include a lack of knowledge and understanding from healthcare professionals and exercise practitioners, and negative attitudes from others in sport and exercise settings. Thus, there is a need to explore constructions of physical activity and disability and the cultural narratives that operate within sport, exercise and health contexts. Aims To explore sport and exercise science students' constructions of physical activity and disability using story completion and to examine the methodological opportunities and challenges of using story completion to identify cultural narratives. Methods Story completion is a radically different approach to collecting qualitative data to explore social constructions concerning a certain topic and the socio-cultural discourses and dominant meanings available to participants. Story completion research involves participants being provided with the opening sentences of a hypothetical scenario – or story stem – and asked to write what happens next. Four story stems were designed and refined based upon a pilot study and feedback from experts in qualitative methods and disability. Ninety UK-based undergraduate sport and exercise science students wrote a story in response to one of the stems, randomly allocated. The stories were subject to a thematic and structural narrative analysis. Results Analysis is underway. The supercrip narrative was the most dominant narrative type drawn upon, with interwoven elements of tragedy and romance from a fairy-tale narrative. The less prescriptive story stems elicited the more diverse and creative stories in terms of length and detail. Conclusions The need for alternative stories of physical activity and disability that challenge the underlying ableist assumptions of the dominant supercrip narrative will be discussed. Reflections of story completion will be provided with recommendations for future use.


Objective: To investigate the value of chymotrypsin combined with negative pressure drainage device treatment of abdominal incision infection.Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013,40 cases of abdominal operation incision infection occurred in patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Each group of patients were treated with vacuum sealing drainage. The chymotrypsin solution were injectived into incision of observation group from drainage tube for four consecutive days,and after 30 min the drainage were opened; The control group were injected with normal saline.The drainage condition during dressing period,the average number of replaced drainage tubes. The average healing time of wound of two groups were observed. Results: Compared with control group,the drainage tube clogging rate was lower in observation group,also with less replaced drainage tubes and shortened healing time of incision,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Chymotrypsin has good enzymatic debridement effect,combined with negative pressure drainage device,it can help to improve the drainage of incision,and promote wound healing.


This field test was conducted at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Six treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the 0.01 acre plots was 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied Aug 27 with a CO2 back-pack sprayer equipped with D-2 nozzles operating at 27 psi and delivering 22 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides of the row. Larvae were identified, counted and recorded. One sample from each plot was taken pre-spray (Aug 26) and 24 h and 72 h post-spray (Aug 28 and 31).


The closing price first day of trading has historically been found to exceed the offer price set in IPOs, implying that many issuing firms tend to leave money on the table in their IPO. This thesis ...


Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes were measured for all isomeric C3 to C5 alkanols in their dilute aqueous solutions at 298.15 K using a differential flow microcalorimeter in conjuntion with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Molar volumes and molar heat capacities of the pure alkanols (except for 2-methyl-2-propanol and 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, which are solid at 298.15 K) were determined using the same instrumentation. The concentration dependence of the apparent properties allowed the determination, through extrapolation, of the infinite dilution partial molar volumes and heat capacities of these alkanols in water. These values, combined with the respective pure liquid properties, produced the limiting partial molar excess quantities ( , ). The present measurements agree well with available literature values. The group contribution schemes of Cabani et al. (Cabani, S.; Gianni, P.; Mollica, V.; Lepori, L. Group Contribution to the Thermodynamic Properties of Non-Ionic Organic Solutes i...


Context. A growing number of researchers present evidence that the pu lsar wind nebula 3C 58 is much older than predicted by its proposed connection to the historical supernova of A.D. 118 1. There is also a great diversity of arguments. The stronges t of these arguments rely heavily on the assumed distance of 3.2 kpc det ermined with Hi absorption measurements. Aims. This publication aims at determining a more accurate distan ce for 3C 58 and re-evaluating the arguments for a larger age. Methods. I have re-visited the distance determination of 3C 58 based o n new Hi data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey and our recent improvements in the knowledge of the rotation cur ve of the outer Milky Way Galaxy. I have also used newly determ ined distances to objects in the neighbourhood, which are based o n direct measurements by trigonometric parallax. Results. I have derived a new more reliable distance estimate of 2 kpc f or 3C 58. This makes the connection between the pulsar wind nebula and the historical event from A.D. 1181 once again muc h more viable.


This research investigated the social skills of psychotics in relation to its partners ' behaviors in social interactions. Two trained judges observed a sample of 35 psychotics compared to 35 non-clinical subjects interacting with trained partners in 4 video-taped role-play situations, regarding giving and receiving criticism. Types of situations and gender of partners were varied. Results showed that subjects ' behaviors were positively related to their partner 's non-verbal feedbacks and looking behavior while listening to them and were negatively related to theirs partners ' looking behavior during silence. Patients ' group was more sensitive to partner 's behaviors, their behaviors being also positively related to their partner 's verbal feedbacks. These results replicated data from international literature in this area and suggest specific behaviors as incentive to the social skills of the patients in rehabilitation programsand suggest specific behaviors as incentive to the social skills of the patients in rehabilitation programs. Keywords: social skills; partners' behavior; psychotics; desinstitucionalization; role-play.


Objective: To explore the factors affecting sexual quality of life in Chinese urban women.Methods: A total of 1529 married urban women was administered with the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women(SQOL-W) including six domains: sexual satisfaction,sexual communication,sexual anxiety,sexual response,sexual attitude and sexual image.Ten percentile of each domain score was regarded as cut-off score.Women whose domain scores were less than or equal to 10 percentile were in low score group,while women whose domain scores were more than 10 percentile were in control group.Results:The scores of the total scale and six domains were as follows(mean ± SD): 106.9±17.2 for the total scale,24.1±4.9 for sexual satisfaction,17.7±5.1 for sexual communication,26.0±3.9 for sexual anxiety,16.2±3.9 for sexual response,13.0±3.0 for sexual attitude and 10.0±1.9 for sexual image.Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the old age group(OR = 1.25~16.72,P0.01) had a high risk of lower sexual satisfaction,less sexual communication,lower sexual response and the more conservative sexual attitude.Women in Han nationality(OR = 0.53,P0.05) or with high level education(OR = 0.40,P0.01) had a low risk of sexual anxiety.Women with high income of per month had high sexual quality of life(OR = 0.35~0.64,P0.01).Confidence about self-image was low in women with children(OR = 1.63~2.91,P0.01),but sexual satisfaction was high(OR = 0.46,P0.05).Menopause(OR = 1.54~2.32,P0.05 or 0.01) adversely affected sexual satisfaction,sexual response,sexual self-image and sexual anxiety.Bad relationship(OR = 3.25~8.87,P0.01) was a adverse factor of sexual satisfaction,sexual communication and sexual anxiety.Women whose partners with sexual dysfunction(OR =3.50~11.40,P0.01) or with physical disease(OR = 2.17~3.13,P0.05 or 0.01) had less satisfaction in sexual life.Conclusion: Psychosocial factors can affect every aspect of sexual quality of life in urban women.


Background: Repair of bone defect is a multistep procedure involving migration, proliferation, differentiation and activation of several cell types. Many cytokines which play an important role in the regulation of bone repair, Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is one of the several proinflammatory cytokines involved in bone remodeling (Osta et al., 2014). TNF_a possessed osteogenic differentiation effects, its determined promoter of osteoclastogenesis and inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis. The use of plants for healing purposes predates human history and forms the source of current modern medicine. This study was achieved to investigate effect of flavonoid extract on molecular events in bone healing process by expression of Tumer Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). Materials and methods: Immunohistochemica localization of TNF-α was investigated for healing of induced bone defects in tibiae of 24 adult New Zealand rabbits. Two holes were induced in rabbit tibia the left side left to heal normally as control, while, the other hole made on the right side filled with flavonoid extract regarded as experimental. Sacrifications of the animals were done according to the healing periods. Routine processing and sectioning technique was performed for immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: Findings obtained in this study showed decrease in percentage of positively stained bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) between experimental and control groups with statically significant difference among (3days, 1, and 2weeks ) durations; while, in 4 weeks duration there was no obvious difference and its statistically non-significant. Positive expression of TNF-α by osteoblasts and osteocytes was statistically significant at 1week, non-significant at 4weeks, however at 2weeks statically significant analysis was recorded with osteocytes and osteoclasts. Conclusion: The study revealed obvious effect of flavonoid extract in promoting bone healing process as demonstrated TNF-α expression by cells involved in the process in different durations.


While larvae of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh., feed and develop either in squares or in bolls of cotton, the adult weevils prefer squares for food. Not only are the longevity and the period of ovipostion of weevils fed upon squares greater than that of weevils fed exclusively upon bolls, but squares or very small bolls are essential for reproduction. In the latter part of the season if the formation of squares stops, oviposition soon ceases. This requirement of squares for reproduction limits the number of weevils which may go into hibernation in any locality and is a factor in the local distribution of the overwintered weevils the next year.


One of the modern and complexity theories is Chaos theory which is included of fractals and genetic algorithms… etc. The diversity of scientific disciplines has a number of interesting conceptual connections to many sciences from mathematics (pi and the speed of light numbers) and biochemistry to genetics. Einstein's theory of relativity is energy (E) equals mass (m) times the square of the speed of light (c^2). Nuclear energy can also be separated into two separate forms: nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The energy yield from nuclear fusion is much greater than nuclear fission. So, according to Einstein's theory of relativity, in order to reach the fastest velocity, this article is searching for the smallest mass of structures (Just like in atom mass in chemical structures, as nucleotide bases). If the square of light speed number in vacuum converts from decimal number system to binary (2) and ternary (3), the outcome of numbers will be, interestingly very similar to nucleotide base codes: (A, T, C, G, U). (A)Adenine,(T)Thymine,(C)Cytosine,(G)Guanine,(U)Uracil. In sum, this article tries to search for relationships of the square of the speed of light (c^2) numbers versus to genetic codes ascribed to different number base systems on the basis of the quantum perspective model. This conceptual connection owing to many sciences from physics and mathematics to biogenetics, additionally, the same results can be found by NCBI (The National Center for Biotechnology) databases related as many animals together with special abilities (speed, cleverness, electricity, etc.). At last, the square of the speed of light (c^2) is appliance not only related to Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio in mathematics but also, TATAA box in biogenetics.