Diesel pollution is harmful to health and environment. Natural attenuation becomes a more common soil remediation way at home and abroad,because it is economic,easy to operate,less harmful to human and has a complete degradation of pollutants. Diesel is used as the repair object and indoor experiment is conducted. The migration and transformation process of diesel pollutants in the aquifers with groundwater flow are simulated and the repair mechanisms by using natural attenuation is examined. The intensity and recovery performance of natural attenuation in the diesel-contaminated aquifer is investigated through analyzing the TPH plume variation and calculating repair time and retention rate. The results show that a stable pollutant plume in the aquifer was gradually formed. The plume migrated along every direction and attenuated. The migration rate changed from fast to slow,then the plume tended to be stable. The migration along the flow direction was the strongest,and vertical direction was followed. After the diesel source was cut off,the concentrations of TPH in the aquifer significantly decreased with time,and natural attenuation became apparent. According to the firstorder kinetic equation,the repair time of the lower aquifer was calculated as 1. 0 to 1. 5 a,and the repair time of the surface groundwater was about 2. 6 a. The aquifer had an interception fanction to diesel. The interception was stable at the beginning,and gradually weakened when the aquifer was nearly saturated. After the diesel source was cut off,the interception become significantly re-graded. Natural attenuation could be an effective method to repair diesel contaminated groundwater.


A fetal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern, with relative deficiency of LDH1, was found in enriched T cell preparations from patients with late onset and X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia. This provides further evidence that such T cells are 'immature'.


Constructing the student pioneering consciousness cultivation mechanism in vocational colleges and schools involves defining the connotation of student pioneering consciousness as a psychology in which the student subject consciously participates in the pioneering practice and which underlies the material foundation and prerequisite of the student quality structure of pioneering consciousness.The senses of responsibility,market,competition and cooperation are included in the cultivation goal of student pioneering consciousness.And the old traditional view of employment,poor student self-condition,insufficient courses of pioneering consciousness,lack of teaching staff and shortage of fund for the cultivation restrict the construction of the cultivation system of student pioneering consciousness.Constructing the student pioneering consciousness cultivation mechanism is suggested to be pushed forward by establishing the operation and power mechanism of student pioneering consciousness cultivation,the school-industry cooperation mechanism and the curriculum reform mechanism for student doing pioneering work.


Six identical japonica rice varieties from two sources were cultivated in the field. One set was from seeds stored in the National Long-term Genebank and was used as the control, and the other was from the seeds having higher regeneration cycles and being used in the production all along. Differences between the two sources on seedling emergence rate, growth duration, agronomic traits and grain quality were studied. Deterioration in chalky quality was observed for rice of higher regeneration cycles on five of the six varieties, whereas no significant differences were shown for other quality traits. On the other hand, the number of filled grains per panicle was lower for those from the genebank, indicating that long time storage in low temperature might result in a decline of grain number. In addition, emergence rate of stored seeds was also relatively lower than that of higher regeneration cycles.


Ethanol tolerant yeast culture (Torulopsis ethanolitolerans) was cultivated in pilot-plant bioreactors under various aerating and substrate conditions and reactor scaling for a biomass production. The biomass is used for production of a dietetic preparation. Limited possibilities of oxygen supply and toxic substrate appear to be the main restricting factors of optimisation of the fermentation process yield and fermentation time. Model and pilot-plant experiments indicate that the use of combination of two axial circulation impellers and a radial dispergation in comparison with a combination of three radial impellers results in a similar yield of the biomass (on a C-substrate), but productivity of the whole process is lower in the former case than in the latter one. Simultaneously, the use of a mixture of distillery before- and after-runs also decreases the conversion efficiency and productivity. Employment of axial circulation impellers and a alternative substrate reduces the production costs significantly, because of a lower price of the substrate and lower power demands of axial impellers. In case of using 300-L bioreactor, higher mixing and total production expenses were achieved, because of all scale-up rules had not been set. It seems to be necessary to keep constant not only P g /V, but the value of VVM, too. Some ideas for optimisation of the process were formulated.


The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of the existing navigation system at the airport and integrate to the flight navigation system that has been developed by the Ministry of Research and Technology to be applied to Airports in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research method through literature study, literature, benchmarking. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a system designed to replace radar functions in air space management for civilian transport, can serve as a substitute or for traditional radar-based aircraft surveillance supplements. The use of ADS-B was recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in May 2006. Using ADS-B, detection would be better and more accurate than when using a radar system where existing radar systems can not detect unobstructed aircraft . The use of the ADS-B system in Indonesia began in 2006, in partnership with SITA and Thales. In this regard, Indonesia has 30 (thirty) earth stations ready for operation. In general, both flight monitoring systems are very helpful for APP operators (Approach and departure control) in terms of providing a picture of flight traffic conditions around the airport.


Implicit authentication (IA) transparently authenticates users by utilizing their behavioral data sampled from various sensors. Identifying the illegitimate user through constantly analyzing current users' behavior, IA adds another layer of protection to the smart device. Due to the diversity of human behavior, existing research tends to utilize multiple features to identify users, which is less efficient. Irrelevant features may increase the system delay and reduce the authentication accuracy. However, dynamically choosing the best suitable features for each user (personal features) requires a massive calculation, making it infeasible in the real environment. In this paper, we propose EchoIA to find personal features with a small amount of calculation by leveraging user feedback derived from the correct rate of inputted passwords. By analyzing the feedback, EchoIA can deduce the true identities of current users and achieve a human-centered implicit authentication. In the authentication phase, our approach maintains transparency, which is the major advantage of IA. In the past two years, we conducted a comprehensive experiment to evaluate EchoIA. We compared it with four state-of-the-art IA schemes in the aspect of authentication accuracy and efficiency. The experiment results show that EchoIA has better authentication accuracy (93%) and less energy consumption (23-h battery lifetimes) than other IA schemes.


Based on the safety of FGD system,seven main factors contributing to the safe operation of limestone/gypsum wet FGD system were researched. The results show that the bypass duct is unsuitable to be cancelled because of the low safety of FGD system in China. The countermeasures and suggestions were proposed in the design, and operation related to the canceling of FGD bypass duct.


During the 1990s, the Chilean State sought to avoid the reappearance of urban movements by massively building subsidized housing units. The significant building of social housing units did not, however, entail better living conditions for the poor. To become homeowners, they were systematically expelled out of their neighborhoods of origin while being relocated to the segregated periphery. These dynamics of expulsion have brought about the reemergence of housing mobilizations in Santiago, in which poor families in need of housing have increasingly demanded the right to stay in their neighborhoods of origin. Based on an ethnographic study, this article holds that such a demand illuminates a reframing of urban struggles, which is materialized in two phenomena: a) The appearance of right-to-the-city claims; and b) the transformations of the ways in which the poor conceive of citizenship and rights on the basis of a self-recognition as committed, hardworking, and self-sacrificing residents.


An analysis was made of sea surface temperature anomalies for 14 stations along the west coast of South America, including one immediately north of the equator, in relation to the pressure distribution representing the westerlies and their convergence in the eastern South Pacific between 35 and 50°S and also the southerlies and southeasterlies along the coast north of 40°S. It appears that weaker westerlies and their marked convergence, linked to weaker southerlies and southeasterlies, are associated with higher sea surface temperatures along the coast and with a weaker Peru current and a weaker upwelling. It further appears that weaker westerlies and their marked convergence, linked to weaker southerlies and southeasterlies during the March-November period are associated with higher sea surface temperatures during the following December–February quarter, or El Nino season. If this association is confirmed, it should be possible to predict El Nino.


Although numerous quantitative studies have linked pretrial detention to increased conviction rates, the precise mechanisms linking these decisions remain unclear. Qualitative studies shed light on these processes, revealing that many detainees plead guilty quickly to escape the pains of detention, including poor confinement conditions, strained work or family relations, and "dead time." Moreover, these pressures to plead are often exacerbated by uncertain detention length, time-sensitive "exploding" plea deals, and temporal discounting. Utilizing data on felony defendants from large urban counties between 1990 and 2004, we assess whether pretrial detention accelerates the pace of guilty pleas. Survival analyses indicate that pretrial detainees plead guilty 2.86 times faster than released defendants do, suggesting that pretrial detention is a powerful prosecutorial tool. Moreover, local resources affect case processing time in ways that are consistent with the courtroom workgroup perspective. Implications for public policies and future research are discussed.


Some of the features of pragmatics which seem to be difficult for learner is cooperative principle. Generally when we are involved in a conversation, we are cooperating with each other. Grice developed a model called Cooperative Principle, which human beings follow to ensure successful communication. Grice mentioned that there are four maxims of Cooperative Principle, such as: maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. Based on Grice's Cooperative Principle and its maxims, I attempts to analyze maxims in The Mechanic Movie Script.
This topic was chosen because observing maxims of Cooperative Principle is very important in order to make successful and meaningful conversations. This research is intended to find out (1) the kinds of maxims are flouted in The Mechanic Movie Script, and (2) the effects of maxims are flouted in The Mechanic Movie Script.
This research limits the discussion to the flouting maxims found in The Mechanic Movie Script. This research uses descriptive method. The data source are selected the conversational script in The Mechanic Movie Script. The technique of collecting data was based on the purpose of the research.
The result shows that the numbers of maxims that are observed are four maxims. Those are Flouting Maxim of Quality (3), Flouting Maxim of Quantity (10), Flouting Maxim of Relevance (15) and Flouting Maxim of Manner (2). The dominant kind of flouting maxim in "The Mechanic" movie script is maxim of Relevance. It is exploited by the main character of "The Mechanic" movie to make a response or observation for changing the topic.
Finally, for the students, the lecturers, the teachers, and other researchers, I suggest that they observe the whole maxims, because in a communication we need to give enough information, qualified, and relevant information in a clear way in order to make successful communication.


We are forced to write about the D. Z. Du and F.K. Hwang methods of Steiner ratio Gilbert–Pollak Conjecture solution again by the paper of W. Wu and J. Zhong [1]. Recall that after the series of publications of many authors, see references in [2], it becomes clear that the proof suggested by D. Z. Du and F.K. Hwang in 1990 contains serious gaps. Those gaps are due to the concept of so-called characteristic area of a minimal Steiner tree, which was introduced informally. All attempts of many authors to cover these gaps by giving formal definitions failed because the resulting object must have several properties contradicting to each other. But the paper [1] meets the same problems again and contains the same mistake, so we have decided to explain two main gaps in this small note. Recall, see details in [3], that a Steiner minimal tree G connecting a finite boundary set M of points in the Euclidean plane is a plain tree, whose edges are straight segments meeting at its vertices by angles of at least 120◦. Moreover, we can always assume that all the vertices of degree 1 and 2 belongs to M . Such three is said to be full, if it does not contain vertices of degree 2, and M coincides with the set of the vertices of degree 1. Each Steiner minimal tree can be represented as a union of its so-called full components, i.e., the maximal subtrees each of which is a full Steiner minimal tree connecting the corresponding subset of M . These components intersect each other by points from M , which are the vertices of degree 2 or 3 in G. The idea of the characteristic area of a Steiner minimal tree G connecting a finite set M of points in the plane is as follows: we "walk" around G and join consecutive points from M by straight segments. In simple cases when G is a full Steiner tree and n = |M | ≤ 5 it is easy to see that we get a polygon with vertex set M , containing G. This polygon is referred as a characteristic area of G. The main idea of the Du–Hwang approach is to consider only those spanning trees which belong to the characteristic area (inner spanning trees), construct a deformation of the boundary set together with the characteristic area that leads to some optimal configuration, and to control the behavior of the minimal inner spanning trees to obtain the resulting estimate. So, to go any further we need to expand the concept of the characteristic area to the cases of an arbitrary n and non-full Steiner trees. The case of a full Steiner tree with an arbitrary number of vertices is discussed by several authors, including D.Z. Du [4]. The resulting conclusions


Fortunately for those who continue to place faith in representative government and to have doubts about the power of public sector unions, the author's methodology and findings leave more than a shred of hope. Clearly, it is ambitious to attempt to prove anything on the basis of a longitudinal analysis of experience in one school system. In addition, the author's interpretations of the results of his historical analysis are highly questionable. He presents data on average teacher salary, for example, that show an increase in money wages from about $3500 to about $7500 during the reform era (1946 -76) as compared with an increase from $7500 to $17,000 during the union era (1966 -78), resulting in real wage increases of about 67 percent during the reform era and 20 percent during the union era (p. 63), on the basis of which he concludes:


Bibliographical Note. Introduction. Part I: Early Modern Philosophy of Science. 1. Some tactics in Galileo's propaganda for the mathematization of scientific experience. 2. Leibniz on choosing between rival scientific hypotheses. Pragmatic Episode 1. 3. Philosophers as professional relativists. Part II: Kant's Philosophy of Science. 4. Kant's schemata as semantical rules. 5. The methodological structure of Kant's metaphysics of science. 6. Teleology and scientific method in Kant's Critique of Judgment. 7. The grammar of reason: Hamann's challenge to Kant. Pragmatic Episode 2. 8. Metaphysics, methodology and the pragmatic unity of the sciences. Part III: Whewell and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy of Science. 9. Necessary truth in Whewell's theory of science. 10. Whewell's logic of induction. 11. Consilience of inductions and the problem of conceptual change in science. 12. Whewell on Newton's rules of philosophizing. 13. 'A purely scientific temper': Victorian expressions of the ideal of an autonomous science. Bibliography. Index of Names and Subjects.


Abstract : A three-unit MUST shelter was fabricated of double-wall sections, each consisting of a single piece of fabric produced by a three-dimensional weaving technique. The program consisted of developing this technique, as well as a method for spray-coating the exposed surfaces with synthetic rubber compounds equivalent to standard MUST shelter specifications. This report provides an assessment of the developed materials, processing equipment, and fabrication methods used in producing the shelter sections. It describes problems encountered, design changes required to accommodate the newly developed inflatable structure. It discusses testing procedures and results, inspection and quality assurance provisions. Limitations of the new system together with recommendations for future improvement or corrective action are also discussed. (Author)


Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired nosocomial infection that is commonly found in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (CASS) is found to lower the incidence of VAP. The aim of this study was to assess respiratory therapists and nurses' awareness and experiences about the Endotracheal Tubes (ETT) with CASS. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. Purposive sampling of 51 respiratory therapists and 51 nurses who were involved in taking care of critically ill patients in adult ICUs at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh were used. The questionnaire was related to the knowledge and experiences of respiratory therapists and nurses about the proper use of ETT with CASS. Results: The results suggest that the respiratory therapists were more knowledgeable in the use of ETT-CASS. However, both respiratory therapists and nurses had problems related to ETT design and materials. Most of these problems were related to cuff materials and its design, suctioning system and tubes, in addition to the availability of the equipment. Conclusion: This study presents a unique contribution to knowledge about the experiences of respiratory therapists and nurses who work in KAMC about the proper use of ETT-CASS. The results of this study showed that the use of ETT-CASS is yet to be popularly recognized. Thus, it should be acclaimed by further studies and promotion through formulation of updated protocols and educational programs.


and he is able to confirm the reality of the difference in sharpness, but it may perhaps be due to slight variations in pressure or the admixture of other elements, and it would not be safe to draw any conclusions from it. The results in the case of lead seem so definite that the spectroscope may yet prove to be a most valuable weapon in attacking the problem of isotopic elements. The Scattering o f Xand y-Rayby Rings of Electrons. 395


Aims and method To explore the modern psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), we used the Rasch analysis in a sample of 767 primary care patients with depression. Results The analysis highlighted dependency issues between items 1 and 2 ('Little interest or pleasure in doing things' and 'Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless'), and items 3 and 4 ('Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much' and 'Feeling tired or having little energy'). Items 1 and 2 displayed an over-discrimination, suggesting their potential redundancy within the complete item set. Clinical implications In its current format the PHQ-9 displays some problems with regard to its measurement structure among a sample of primary care patients. These problems can be addressed by removing potentially redundant items to deliver a stable screening tool. The results also lend support for the PHQ-2 to be used as a screening tool in a primary care setting.


In a simplified model the authors follow the evolution of the originally non-thermal momentum distribution in order to clarify the reason for too good an agreement between models with thermal equilibrium and detected spectra. The result is that the final entropy deficiency may indeed be quite substantial at 800 MeV/nucleon beam energy for smaller nuclei, but the detected energy distribution is not very sensitive to this deviation. Therefore energy spectra do not give too direct a check of equilibration in this energy range.


Objective To investigate the immune function of dendritic cells derived from chronic granulocytic leukemia(CGL-DC). Methods After being treated by rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 , CGL cells were differentiated into CGL-DCs. The phenotype of CGL-DC and the anti-tumor effects of cytotoxic T cells induced by CGL-DCs were investigated. The levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results The DCs were successfully differenfiated from CGL cells. CGL cells were effectively and specifically destroyed by CTLs induced by CGL-DCs.Different levels of IL-12 were detected in the supernatant of cultured DCs and IFN-γ in the supernatant of cocultivated DCs and periphral blood mononuclear cells.Conclusion It has been confirmed that CGL-DC possesses immune function of antigen-presenting cell, in turn may have hopefully future in immunotherapy of CGL.


We present an annotated corpus of English cooking recipe procedures, and describe and evaluate computational methods for learning these annotations. The corpus consists of 300 recipes written by members of the public, which we have annotated with domain-specific linguistic and semantic structure. Each recipe is annotated with (1) 'recipe named entities' (r-NEs) specific to the recipe domain, and (2) a flow graph representing in detail the sequencing of steps, and interactions between cooking tools, food ingredients and the products of intermediate steps. For these two kinds of annotations, inter-annotator agreement ranges from 82.3 to 90.5 F1, indicating that our annotation scheme is appropriate and consistent. We experiment with producing these annotations automatically. For r-NE tagging we train a deep neural network NER tool; to compute flow graphs we train a dependency-style parsing procedure which we apply to the entire sequence of r-NEs in a recipe.In evaluations, our systems achieve 71.1 to 87.5 F1, demonstrating that our annotation scheme is learnable.


The present invention provides a low-temperature sintering by exhibits excellent conductivity and good silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles stably dispersed in the ink, and a method for producing a dispersion containing a solvent. Method of manufacturing an ink silver nanoparticles of the present invention comprises: containing constituted by an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an amino group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of carbon atoms of a total of 6 or more aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (A), and further comprising selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups with 1-amino-configuration and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of carbon atoms of a total of 5 or less aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (B) and the total number and the aliphatic hydrocarbon carbon atom aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2-amino-configured at least one amine compound with the silver aliphatic hydrocarbon diamine (C) 8 or less mixed, to form a complex containing the silver compound and the amine; thermally heating the complex decomposed to form silver nanoparticles; the silver nano particles are dispersed in a dispersion solvent, an alicyclic hydrocarbon.


Within any early years setting, there will be wide variations amongst the children in terms of development and maturity as well as family, religious and cultural background and special needs. All children joining your group or class will therefore have differing experiences, interests, skills and knowledge which will affect the way in which - and the pace at which - they learn. You need to be aware of the importance of planning to meet a diversity of needs.


The phase transformation kinetics of LaFe11.41Mn0.30Si1.29-H1.65 magnetocaloric compound is addressed by low rate calorimetry experiments. Scans at 1 mK/s show that its first order phase transitions are made by multiple heat flux avalanches. Getting very close to the critical point, when the transition becomes of the second order type, the step-like discontinuous behaviour associated with avalanches is smoothed out and the thermal hysteresis disappears. This result is confirmed by magneto-resistivity measurements and allows to obtain accurate values of the temperature hysteresis (ΔThyst = 0.37 K) at zero external magnetic field and of the critical field (Hc = 1.19 T). The number and magnitude of heat flux avalanches change as the magnetic field strength is increased, showing the interplay between the intrinsic energy barrier between phases and the microstructural disorder of the sample.


Political scientists have largely ignored conservation biology and its central concern, biodiversity. Consider two indicators and an anecdote. The indicators concern publication trends and faculty hiring in political science. In the past 20 years, the top five political science journals, as measured by their impact factor scores, have published one article focusing on biodiversity conservation (out of more than 2000 published papers). And in the top five political science departments in the United States (arguably, Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale, and Chicago), not a single faculty member considers biodiversity conservation to be among his or her research interests. The anecdote concerns reflections on the discipline by 12 recent past presidents of the American Political Science Association. In remarking on the blind spots, research accomplishments, and needed directions for the discipline, biodiversity was entirely absent; indeed, even the environment was. These facts should rightly generate pessimism about the past and future of conversations between political science and conservation biology. Political scientists and their discipline value work on biodiversity at best only to a limited extent. To the extent that political scientists consider conservation biology and biodiversity, they must do so by working against the disciplinary incentive structures that reward research and teaching. The reasons political scientists neglect conservation biology and biodiversity may lie even deeper than incentives related to publication and hiring. They may have more to do with what political scientists view as the most important issues and the appropriate scale at which to study them. Electoral systems and practices, democracy, political institutions, international regimes, public opinion, state-society relations, conflict, war, violence, race and ethnicity, policy making, strategic behavior, and policy outcomes are properly the province of their discipline


Based on the analysis of the wear mechanism of the mill housing, the results show that the main failure forms of the mill housing are corrosion wear and stress wear. Therefore, it is proposed to remanufacture and repair the housing to improve the hardness and impact resistance of the wear part of the housing. In order to strengthen the wear resistance of the wear part of the housing, Fe45+5%WC alloy powder was prepared to strengthen the wear resistance of the worn part of the housing. The sample of the alloy layer was produced by high power semi-conductor laser, the hardness, impact toughness and surface PT were tested, and the microstructure was observed by metallographic and EDS experiments. The results show that the alloy layer has high hardness and wear resistance, and the grains are fine and the alloy layer is metallurgical bonded to the substrate. The 3500mm reversing mill housing was repaired by laser re-manufacturing technology, and it was found that the alloy layer had good bonding and surface hardness was improved, thus strengthening the housing.


The main principle of treatment of bone fractures of the musculoskeletal system is the repositioning of the chips with their subsequent fixation by various designs until the consolidation of the fracture. This process is influenced by a significant number of factors, such as general (the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, metabolic disorders, the use of drugs, etc.) and local (the quality of the fragment fragmentation, blood supply to this site, the presence of infection in this area, etc.). Of considerable importance are mechanical factors, optimization of which allows to achieve fracture joining in optimal terms. Traditionally it is believed that the most durable structural materials should be used for the bone osteosynthesis purposes, because as a result of the load, the phenomena such as the migration of the latches, their fracture, secondary displacement, non-fracture fracture are often noted. In connection with this, there was a need for an analysis of the mechanical factors that influence fracture joints, the choice of materials and the construction of structures in which these parameters will be optimized. An analysis of the main mechanical factors influencing the results of osteosynthesis of the fracture by the plate was performed. There are three main groups of factors biological character, factors depending on the design and material from which the fixator is made, and the factors associated with the features of surgical technique. The best choice should be considered biotechnical systems with less rigid fixation. This effect can be achieved by using materials from Young's lowered module. According to the authors, the combination of a metal plate with polymer screws, combinations of a polymer plate with metal screws or a polymeric plate with polymer screws will help to create optimal mechanical parameters for fracture joints. The use of biodegradable materials for the manufacture of components of the fixing system allows dynamically to reduce the stiffness of the fixation and provides a gradual loading of this site.


High-resolution ac calorimetry was used to measure the heat capacity of $n$-hexyl-4\ensuremath{'}-$n$-pentyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate in the vicinity of the smectic-$A$ ($\mathrm{Sm}A$)---hexatic-$B$ and hexatic-$B\ensuremath{-}E$ transitions. The $\mathrm{Sm}A$---hexatic-$B$ transition was found to be continuous with critical exponents ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{+}=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ and amplitude ratio $\frac{{A}^{+}}{{A}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=0.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. The addition of a crystalline-$B$ material [N-(4-$n$-butyloxybenzylidene)-4\ensuremath{'}-octylaniline (4O.8), 10 wt.%] produced a weakly-first-order $\mathrm{Sm}A$---hexatic-$B$ phase transition. The data with $|T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}|\ensuremath{\ge}100$ mK can be fitted by a power law with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ and $\frac{{A}^{+}}{{A}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. The large values for the critical exponents and the theoretical suggestion that the $\mathrm{Sm}A$---hexatic-$B$ transition may be near tricritical point (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{t}=0.5$) are discussed. The hexatic-$B\ensuremath{-}E$ transition was found to be first order in nature.


DarkSide is a direct dark matter detection experiment searching for evidence of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a well-motivated candidate for dark matter. The DarkSide-50 Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has an active volume containing 50 kg of liquid argon and has been in operation at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy since late 2013. The DarkSide-50 TPC is surrounded by a 30 t boron-loaded liquid scintillator that acts as a Neutron Veto (NV). The NV is immersed in a 1 kt ultra-pure water Cherenkov detector that acts as a Muon Veto (MV) and passive shielding against external neutrons and γ-rays. WIMP interactions are expected to be rare due to the low scattering cross section. A majority of the signals in our detector are from background particles. There are four primary sources of background: γ-rays and Cherenkov radiation from radioactive decays in the detector's construction materials, β's from Kr and Ar dissolved in the argon target, and neutrons from (α,n) and fission reactions from radioactive contaminants in the detector's materials. The DarkSide-50 TPC is designed to efficiently reduce background from β's and γ-rays as well as from Cherenkov radiation by applying pulse shape discrimination and fiducial volume cuts. In this report, I will present detailed estimates of γ-ray activities of the detector components based on spectra and rates measured with the TPC and the NV. The most important background in WIMP direct detection experiments are neutrons, which can produce elastic nuclear recoils that look exactly like WIMP interactions. In DarkSide-50, we both actively suppress and measure the rate of neutroninduced background events using the NV. The NV response was calibrated using two radioactive neutron sources, AmC and AmBe. I will present the neutron veto efficiency based on this calibration data.


Abstract THE induction of broodiness in laying fowl by the injection of prolactin was reported by Riddle, Bates and Lahr (1935). Burrows and Byerly (1936) showed that pituitaries from broody hens had much greater prolactin content than those from laying hens. They also suggested that the pituitaries of hens just becoming broody had more prolactin content than those of hens nearly over their broody period. Saeki and Tanabe (1954) showed that, as the results of the direct comparison of each pair of pituitaries, as judged by the local responses in both the crop-sacs of the same pigeon, the pituitary of the broody hen maintained a relatively high prolactin content as long as her nesting (incubating eggs) lasted as compared with that of the pituitary of the laying hen, and its content began to drop to the same level as that of the laying hen when she hatched her eggs and shifted …


In the field of environment is common to find different rules, in order to strengthen legal protection or to exercise greater social control, overlap seen as punishable by the same or near identical behavior is not easy to delimit. This article attempts to analyze some questions have arisen regarding the environmental sanctions, with particular reference to the principle of "Ne Bis In Idem" (prohibition of double punishment for the same wrongful act) referred to the conflict between the Law Punish and Administrative Penalty Law, as the matter very conducive environment for application to be configured environment crime as criminal standard in white (due to the incidental nature of environmental criminal lax in respect of administrative law), wich require prior administrative violetion of environmental legislation, which will be one of the elements of the crime. Certainly in the environment the legislature has shown its utter inability to eliminate duplication of sanctions, transferring the problem to the Courts and the Administration for what it is they who solvent.


Abstract
Multicast routing research efforts have mostly focused on supporting the host-group model in which multicast packets are addressed to a host (or multicast) group. Another multicast routing approach uses multi-destination addressing, where a multicast packet carries a list of the unique (unicast) addresses of all the group members. This form of routing can be accomplished using limited or no additional state beyond the existing unicast routing tables. It, therefore, scales well with the number of multicast sessions but does not scale well with the size of the multicast group and, in fact, requires the size of the multicast group to be below a certain threshold. In this paper, we envision a future scenario in which both host-group and multi-destination addressing routing approaches coexist within the Internet. We develop a dynamic routing context for this future scenario wherein a multicast session can adapt among different routing configurations depending on the number of multicast group members and how this number changes over time. We consider three routing options: (1) A single multi-destination addressed flow – suitable for small-group sessions, (2) multiple multi-destination addressed flows – suitable for medium-group sessions and (3) a single host-group addressed flow – suitable for large-group sessions. For multicast sessions that vary in group membership over time, different routing protocols may be best at different points in time. Our work is concerned with the development and evaluation of protocols that allow a multicast session to dynamically switch among these three routing options as the size of the session changes.


When discussing tourism nowadays, one word should be added as a supplement - 'development'. What seems to be even more important is the term 'sustainability'. In the sense of sport tourism and sport development, we could consider sport camps and their role in sustainable (tourism) development. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of establishing sport camps in the sense of sustainable (tourism) development and to educate all participants (children and young people at first) on how to act in the most responsible way. There is not much research related to sport camps and their role in sustainable (tourism) development – generally speaking they are connected with younger generations and the school age, and the idea is to establish sport camps for those who are young enough and want to learn how to behave in a responsible way through sport, games, etc. Sport tourism should fill the gap between development and responsibility; on the other hand, sustainability and responsible behaviour of all participants should be an imperative. Sport camps could be good basis for a better understanding of sustainable (tourism) development. The aim of this study is to provide a review on the connection between youth sport camps and sustainability through education of all the participants.


The magnetorheological suspension (MRS), due to its controllability, can be used as the basis for new devices and technologies. The most important element of any MR device is a magnetorheological transducer (MRT), a controllable hydraulic resistance. Its mathematical model is obtained using quasi-stationary approximation and taking into account the transient processes in the magnetic field inductor. The designs of damping and anti-shock devices using the MR element base are ideologically most simple. A description of such a device is obtained by supplementing the system of equations that describe MRT dynamics with the relations, including hydromechanical pro cesses, in a hydraulic cylinder. MRT can be used to design flexible bridge-like distributors to control hydraulic actuators. The experimental study has shown the possibility of using MRS as a working medium in seals.


Premature or low-birthweight babies, when placed in a regular child safety seat (CSS), are at an increased risk of oxygen desaturation, apnoea and/or bradycardia. Oxygen desaturation is generally avoidable by ensuring proper airway management through appropriate positioning in the CSS. Often, when a low-birthweight infant is placed in a CSS it is in a fairly upright position and leaves the child prone to neck flexion which is undesirable as airway compromise might occur. A preemie positioning device (PPD) was developed to help address this issue. The PPD was developed based on material and neck positioning parametric studies which resulted in optimal neck positions for the configurations investigated. In an effort to examine the PPD effectiveness as an enhanced restraint device for low-birthweight children, a numerical model consisting of a regular CSS with the PPD and a novel anthropomorphic testing device (ATD) representing a small infant weighing less than 5 lbf was developed. Numerical simulations, considering frontal and side crash conditions, were completed using LS-DYNA. The frontal and side crash conditions were based upon existing and proposed federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS) testing protocols. The PPD's performance was based on the ability to maintain acceptable neck angle, head accelerations, neck joint forces, and head injury criterion (HIC) values. An improved response in neck angle, head acceleration, HIC values, and neck forces was observed when the PPD was present with a slight increase in peak neck force when measured at the lower neck joint. For some configurations, peak upper and middle neck forces were reduced by up to 30% and peak head accelerations by up to 10%. Additionally, for the majority of crash metrics considered, consistent performance was noted between the two restraint configurations.


This article is an extension of a discussion started in the first part of a series of review articles, entitled "Can Toxic Substances Initiate Psychotic Behavior? Part I. Antimalarial Drugs" in (Open Journal of Preventive Medicine). In the present manuscript, the environmental, health, reproduction (fecundity), social, and juridical problems, together with the medical and ethical aspects of the use of organophosphate substances, will be discussed. This article is based mainly on the results of experiments conducted during the period of 2004–2014. The results described in the article entitled "High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Equipped with a Neurophysiological Detector (NPD) as a Tool for Studying Olfactory System Intoxication by the Organophosphate (OP) Pesticide Diazinon and the Influence of OP Pesticides on Reproduction" (International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography) will be discussed in connection to human disability (invalidation) caused by OPs. The results showed that even a short-time, sub-lethal exposure to the anti-acetylcholinesterase enzyme OPs yields altered neural signaling. These perverse nervous signals can change the basic information that is transmitted to the brain. This information regarding the external environment surrounding situation is vital for living organisms. The exposure of organisms to OPs can have a lifelong impact on the nervous system and be a source of adverse psychotic reactions, even after a single exposure. This article stresses the need for a moratorium on (or, even better, the prohibition of) the use of OPs in agricultural and veterinary practices as pesticides, and the recognition of the use of OPs against the civilian population as chemicals to control protests and demonstrations (as protesto- and demonstrationocides) as a criminal act.


Formation of a well-passivated boron emitter for mass production of low-cost and high-efficiency n-type silicon solar cells is a major challenge in the photovoltaic industry. In this letter, we report on a novel and commercially viable method, inkjet printing, to create boron emitters. Phosphorus diffusion was used on the rear to form a back-surface held in conjunction with chemically grown oxide/silicon nitride (SiNx) stack on the front and back for surface passivation. Finally, front and back screen-printed contacts were formed through the dielectric stacks to fabricate large-area (239 cm2) n-type cells. This technology resulted in 19.0%-efficient p+-n-n+ cells with a Voc of 644 mV, a Jsc of 38.6 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 76.3%. This demonstrates for the hrst time the promise of boron-inkjet-printing technology for low-cost and high-performance n-type Si cells.


The wordstressis defined by the Oxford Dictionary as "a state of affair involving demand on physical or mental energy". A condition or circumstance (not always adverse), which can disturb the normal physiological and psychological functioning of an individual. In medical parlancestressis defined as a perturbation of the bodys homeostasis. This demand on mind-body occurs when it tries to cope with incessant changes in life. Astresscondition seemsrelativein nature. Extreme stress conditions, psychologists say, are detrimental to human health but in moderation stress is normal and, in many cases, proves useful. Stress, nonetheless, is synonymous with negative conditions. Today, with the rapid diversification of human activity, we come face to face with numerous causes of stress and the symptoms of anxiety and depression.


A study was made on the comparative effects of radiations (x rays, thermal neutrons, fast neutrons) and of three chemical substances ( BETA - propiolactone, ethylene chloride, diethyl sulfate) on seedling growth and plant survival in the field in the durum wheat varieties Aziziah, Cappelli, and Russello. In agreement with previous investigations on barley, it was found that both thermal and fast neutrons are able to inhibit root growth more strongly than shoot growth, whilst an almost identical degree of growth inhibition is observed in the two organs with x rays and chemicals. Maximum depressing effect was observed in the thermal neutron series. As to field survival, clear differences between thermal and fast neutrons on one side and x rays and chemicals on the other were seen. Only a fraction of seedlings was able to survive to maturity in thermal neutron treated material. Among the three varieties investigated, Aziziah was found as the most radiosensitive one. No statistical difference in radiation sensitivity was found between Cappelli and Russello. Response to chemicals of Cappelli and Aziziah varied according to type of treatment and effect studied. With ethylene chloride, Cappelli was more sensible than Aziziah ss to seedling growth and more resistantmore » as to field survival. With BETA - propiolactone and diethyl sulfate, Cappelli was more affected than Aziziah in both field survival and seedling growth. (auth)« less


The problem of parasites of the mice native to North America has been much neglected in the past despite the economic and ecological importance of these rodents. True, much has been written concerning the losses due to field mice; and their importance in human and animal disease has not been overlooked. The fact that they serve as key animals in the food chain and are, at the time of their cyclic high, preyed upon by the carnivores almost to the exclusion of other animals, has also been emphasized by various workers. Whether their cycles of abundance and dearth are influenced by the same force or forces as those which govern the snowshoe hare and the ruffed grouse populations, is a mooted question. The phenomenal increase of wild mice in the late summer and fall of certain years has been noted from times long past. In order to gain some information concerning these sudden outbreaks and die-offs of wild mice, Elton and his associate (1931) trapped large numbers of three species of field mice and examined them for ectoparasites, endoparasites, protozoa, and bacterial infections. They came to no definite conclusions concerning the role that these agents play in the cyclic phenomenon. In 1934, however, Findlay and Middleton, and in 1935, Elton, Davis, and Findlay found that epidemics among voles (Microtus agrestis) in Britain were due to a protozoan infection of the brain due to a Toxoplasma. In 1927 N. E. Wayson of the U. S. Public Health Service concluded that the epizootic among Microtus californicus in California was due to Bacillus murisepticus or Bacillus rhusiopathiae suis. In 1936 Harkema published a list of the external and internal parasites of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus leucopus) of his region, North Carolina. Other investigators, but especially M. C. Hall, have added to our knowledge of parasites of rodents by compiling the published material. In the present work the chief emphasis has been placed on the parasites and parasitism of the various species of field mice, but the influence that these parasites might exert on the abundance and scarcity of the mice has been constantly kept in mind. At all times, too, the activities and habits of the mice have been studied. In order to make the recorded knowledge of the internal parasites of mice native to North America more accessible, a host-parasite catalogue has 575


The revisions and additions given here to Sidney Kramer, A History of Stone & Kimball and Herbert S. Stone & Co. (Chicago, 1940), are the result of a systematic study of the output of the two firms. The present list should be used in conjunction with previous notes by G. Thomas Tanselle, PBS A, 60 (1966), 476-78; 62 (1968), 451-52; 77 (1983), 475-86; and by Gullans and Espey, 67 (1973), 330-41. In a few of the entries here, there is a small overlap with Tanselle (1983) in order to be intelligible and useful. For most of the items we have examined a physical copy, and we give its location. For example, CLU/SC indicates a copy in The Department of Spe cial Collections, The University Research Library, UCLA. Mansell, which indicates The National Union Catalog: Pre-1956 Imprints, invariably means that we have not seen the copy and are simply reporting the information. We have no reason to believe that we have exhausted the possible addenda to Kramer, since in 1986 alone, several items previously unknown were reported by various book dealers or other sources. Some general statements about the bibliography are now possible.


There is a considerable degree of modularity in the human brain and numerous reasons why it might have evolved to be that way. One may be tempted to build such modularity into our artificial systems. Indeed, Rueckl, Cave & Kosslyn (1989) demonstrated how a clear advantage in having a modular architecture can exist in neural network models. Here I present a series of simulations of the evolution of such neural systems that show how the advantage can cause modularity to evolve. However, I shall also show that it is possible to evolve even more efficient systems that are not modular. It seems that making the decision whether to build modularity into our systems is not as easy as is often thought.


discharge SSI risk was not observed. If a detection bias were present in our surveillance procedure, it would mean that the relationship of postdischarge SSI with clean and low-risk surgical procedures was even greater than observed. Reimer et al also reported that 70% of all postdischarge SSIs were detected in clean wounds; Law et al found a similar figure, 65%. Other authors, however, found otherwise.


Additively manufactured face-centered-cubic high entropy alloys have a combination of high strength and good ductility, and are promising impact-resistant structural materials. However, the dynamic behavior of additively manufactured face-centered-cubic high entropy alloys is seldomly reported. In this study, FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy was fabricated, using the laser beam powder bed fusion technique, and dynamic tests were performed by means of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The high entropy alloy showed a more excellent combination of yield stress and toughness at high strain rates, than previously reported alloys. This was attributed to the dislocation cell structure of the additively manufactured FeCoCrNi HEA, which provided high local stress concentration, leading to the formation of microbands and deformation twins. The high entropy alloy showed higher strain rate sensitivity than the cast counterpart, at both quasi-static and strain rates over 3000 s−1. Interestingly, the yield stress kept stable at a strain rate from 1000 s−1 to 3000 s−1, showed a steep decrease of strain rate sensitivity and a four-fold increase in activation volume, implying a transition in deformation mechanism to collective dislocation nucleation.


A method for recognizing unconstrained handwritten words belonging to a small static lexicon is proposed. Previous approaches typically attempt to recognize characters or parts of characters in order to recognize words. Our approach, in its first step, bypasses the notion of characters. In addition to language independence, our method is more context oriented and should prove to be more robust against poor handwriting, spelling mistakes, noise and the like. Our computational theory is based on a psychological model of the reading process of a fast reader. First a few graphical clues such as ascenders, descenders and their relative positions are extracted from the word. If these prove not to be sufficient to clearly identify the word, then details (secondary features including first and last characters of words) are extracted to enhance the word recognition.
We designed and collected a database of bank cheques both in English and French. This resulted in a one of its kind database in a university setting dealing with hand-written information from bank cheques, both in terms of the size of the database as well as the number of different writers involved. We further designed an innovative, simple yet powerful in place tagging procedure for our database. It enables us to extract at will not only the bitmaps of words, characters, digits, lines, commas, etc... but also all kinds of contextual information.
We developed a fully trainable word recognizer with the requirement that the switch to a different database and/or language shall not require any redesign nor any extensive retraining time. The number of parameters within the system has been kept to a minimum and whenever possible we designed algorithms that require no parameters and therefore no training. Such an example is our slant correction algorithm that shines by its simplicity and robustness. Whenever parameters might need to be adjusted to a specific database, it is done automatically by running some genetic algorithms.
We tested the generality and adaptability of our system on 2 different databases of bank cheques (respectively English and French). We noticed that the system's parameters did not need to be readjusted for it to perform satisfactorily when the switch was made from one database to the other. At the time of this dissertation, our survey indicates that this research is the only one in the literature which can handle English cheques and our results are comparable to those published on the processing of French cheques. Our preliminary results on the French database report a recognition rate of 98.9% and 94.3% on the word and the full legal amount respectively among the top 5 choices.


In the ealier reign of Qing Dynasty,because of being busy with putting down various rebellions of the Central Plains,it is in the China's west that the governor of Qing Dynasty only take a policy aimed at appeasing the people.In order to strenghen the reign,Qinghai Mongolia tribes are come within the jursdiction of the Central Government.


In modern power systems, increasing faults of overhead transmission lines are caused by wind swing discharge especially in weather-sensitive regions such as coastal hurricane-prone areas. Since the vast majority of wind swing discharge accidents occur at the working voltage and existing models established for the suspension insulator wind swing discharge are not adequate to analyse all cases, an improved model under wind with arbitrary directions is proposed in this paper. Comprehensive factors are taken into consideration including exposure factor of wind pressure under different landforms and different elevations, wind pressure asymmetric factor, iced conductors, the coupling effect of conductors to insulators, the shielding wake flow effect of bundled conductor, the fluctuating wind amplification effect, mechanical oscillating of insulators, etc. IEEE model and design manual model are chosen as comparisons with the simulation results of ANSYS. Test results show that the improved model proposed in this paper coincides with ANSYS results better than the other two models almost in all the working conditions considering different spans and altitude differences. The results demonstrate that the improved model can make contribution to the economical and reasonable design of towers as well as early warning of wind swing discharge of suspension insulators.


During 1968 to 72, scientists of the Meteorological Research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency measured CO 2 in the surface seawater and overlying air in the Pacific Ocean quasicontinuously to examine CO 2 exchange between the sea and the atmosphere. From the data remaining in our laboratory from that time, we re-evaluated the partial pressure of CO 2 in surface seawater ( p CO s 2 ) by taking into account pressure broadening effects due to the use of CO 2 -in-N 2 standards, the use of chemical desiccant (Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 ), calibration using background air data, seawater temperature rise between the equilibrator and sea surface, the WMO CO 2 mole fraction scale, and differences in pressure during the oceanic CO 2 measurements from those of standards and background air in the nondispersive infra-red gas analyser cell. The overall uncertainty of p CO s 2 measurements for the cruises from 1968 to 1970 was estimated to be less than 3.6 μatm, which allowed us to evaluate temporal variations in the carbonate system over a few decades, but uncertainty was higher (> 10 μatm) for the cruise from 1971 to 1972 because of serious malfunctions of the system. The re-evaluated p CO s 2 data from 1968 to 1970 exhibit patterns similar to those observed at the same place and time of year (within 30 days) in 1982/83, 1988, 1995 and 1996, but compared with levels in the 1980s and 1990s the p CO s 2 level was clearly lower in the wide area of the Pacific except south of the Subtropical Front (STF; 47°S) in the Australian sector. The observed p CO s 2 increased by 34 ± 5 μatm ( n = 133) for the area 7°N to 35°N, 138°E to 147°E from February 1969 to February 1995, 29 ± 5 μatm ( n = 247) for the area 9°N to 35°N, 138°E to 165°E from February 1970 to February/March 1996, 26 ± 7 μatm ( n = 224) for the area 29°N to 51°N, 170°W from April 1970 to April 1988, and 41 ± 9 μatm ( n = 165) for the area 10°S to 45°S, 148°E to 166°E from January/February 1969 to January/February 1995. In the northern subtropics (7°N to 35°N, 138°E to 147°E), we estimated the long-term increase (35 ± 6 μatm, n = 133) after removing seasonal variations that were obtained from the p CO s 2 -sea surface temperature (SST) relationship. Observed and seasonally adjusted increases were nearly equal to those of the partial pressure of CO 2 in the air (1.4 μatm yr −1 ) over the same time intervals. South of the STF, p CO s 2 increase as found in the subtropics was not detected, mostly due to the large variability of p CO s 2 (250 to 380 μatm in 1968/69) on small spatial scales. The average p CO s 2 south of the STF showed large variations on time scales of months and years that affect the estimation of the growth rate of atmospheric CO 2 . DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00007.x


Durkheim's and Mauss's proposal that emotions play a causal role in the emergence of dual-symbolic classification schemes is evaluated by analysing two of their three case studies of dual classification - that of the Australian Aborigines and the `divinatory compass' of trigrams associated with the ancient Chinese text I Ching. Because Durkheim and Mauss attempted no classification of the emotions, their model remains conceptually underspecified and untested. Plutchik, in contrast, provides a psychoevolutionary classification of the emotions but does not provide for his `stimulus' social content. Through a theoretical synthesis of the sociogenic and psychoevolutionary perspectives of Durkheim and Plutchik, respectively, it is argued that a model sufficient for analysis of the classification-emotion linkage can be obtained and applied to two Durkheim-Mauss case studies. A study of Durkheim's Elementary Forms supporting his hypothesis that interaction rituals result in an effervescence of sentiment is explicated in terms of at least seven of Plutchik's eight primary emotions. The divinatory compass of eight trigrams is found to be structurally isomorphic to Plutchik's `wheel' of primary emotions.


Keywords: Interface crack, LEBIM, FEM, FFM, UMAT Abstract : This work presents a failure model for interfaces in a fibre-reinforced composite system. The method is based on the Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model (LEBIM) [1,2] and on a Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) [3] approach. The LEBIM and similar models are regularly used to characterize adhesively bonded joints between two solids, where a continuous distribution of linear-elastic springs represents the interface [1,2]. However, sometimes the LEBIM is not able to describe adequately the behaviour of the interface under study, because in this model the interface strength and fracture toughness are related through a restrictive equation. For this reason, the coupled stress and energy criterion of FFM [3] is used in this paper, which allows an independent definition of the interface strength and fracture toughness. Besides, this model its ruled by a law which takes into account the variation of the fracture toughness with the fracture mode mixity of a crack growing along the interface between two solids. The purpose of this paper is to predict the crack onset and propagation assuming this failure criterion by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and to compare the obtained results with a previous analysis using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) [4]. This failure criterion is implemented in the commercial FEM code Abaqus using a user subroutine UMAT [5] and Python coding. References: Tavara L., Mantic V., Graciani E., Paris F., BEM analysis of crack onset and propagation along fiber–matrix interface under transverse tension using a linear elastic–brittle interface model, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 35(2011) 207–222. Mantic V., Tavara L., Blazquez A., Graciani E., Paris F., A linear elastic-brittle interface model: application for the onset and propagation of a fibre-matrix interface crack under biaxial transverse. International Journal of Fracture 195(2015) 15-38. Cornetti P., Mantic V., Carpinteri A., Finite Fracture Mechanics at elastic interfaces, International Journal of Solids and Structures 49 (2012) 1022–1032. Munoz-Reja M., Tavara L., Mantic V, Cornetti P., Crack onset and propagation at fibre–matrix elastic interfaces under biaxial loading using finite fracture mechanics, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing (in press). Castillo D., Tavara L., Mantic V., Modelling of debond onset and growth in a group of fibres under transverse loads using Abaqus user subroutine UMAT, 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2014.


Now-a-days, a large number of marine vehicles are being developed to meet the increased demand for inland and coastal transportation services. Among these marine vehicles, the catamaran type is very popular due to its large deck area, adequate stability, good resistance and sea-keeping qualities. Since the propulsive power of any marine vehicle mainly depends on its resistance characteristics, it is essential to develop a suitable hull form of the marine vehicle in order to obtain better resistance characteristics which contemplate primarily on fuel economy. In the initial design stage, the propulsive power is usually predicted analytically by any one of the existing power prediction methods. But, however, it is necessary to conduct model tests to obtain the final hull form. Hence, for the present study, a 1:12 scale catamaran model was fabricated with change in bow and stern shapes and tested for three hull spacings in the towing tank at Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian institute of technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India. The model test results are analyzed and presented with discussions in this paper.


Time reversal focusing method has been proved to be an effective method for active Lamb wave–based structural health monitoring. In this article, aiming at developing a practical method for online localization of damage on aircraft composite structures that can take advantage of time reversal focusing and do not rely on the transfer function, a phase synthesis–based time reversal focusing method was proposed. In this method, damage images are given out directly through time reversal focusing, and the other imaging processes such as the delay-and-sum imaging method adopted in many researches of time reversal focusing are not needed. Based on the damage imaging method, a structural health monitoring demonstration system was built on a composite panel of an aircraft wing box with many bolt holes and stiffeners. The demonstrated results show that this method can estimate the positions of damages efficiently with a low sensitivity of group velocity errors and a high antijamming capability.


The ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus (CoV-2) has posed a challenge for public health laboratories. The NAAT assays remain the test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. But NAAT is a costly, labor intensive and time taking procedure. Hence, a rapid immunochromatographic immunoassay has been devised for the qualitative detection of specific antigens to SARS CoV-2 present in human nasopharynx. This study was designed to compare the results of Antigen test and PCR for CoV-2 carried out by single tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh and also to assess the utility of the Rapid Antigen test for SARS CoV-2.


This research project deals with the study of leaching of gold ore concentrates by flotation, like using cyanide and thiourea leaching agents. Cyanide has been used for over 100 years in the recovery of gold and silver because it is an economic and cost-effective process, however the cyanide has been restricted by its toxic nature which makes it harmful to humado and nature.


Operating the International Space Station (ISS) as a Flight Controller is a highly complex and challenging
endeavour, which requires not only excellent knowledge but also special skills on console. Flight controller
tuition is, therefore, not solely based on classroom lessons and reading material, but must also comprise operational
sessions which ensure that the required practical skills are learnt.
This paper describes the practical training efforts at the Columbus Control Center (Col-CC), details the
methods used, and highlights their benefits and the related challenges for the instructors.


of equity shares of Russian corporations between domestic and foreign owners represents an even more difficult data-gathering task. As Bovykin points out, most researchers have had to rely on the estimates of 01', who, as an opponent of foreign capital investment, was inclined to exaggerate its importance. Third, there is virtually no data on foreign investment in nonincorporated concerns because such firms were not subject to disclosure requirements. Bovykin carefully compiles data on foreign ownership of government securities, private securities, and foreign equity participation using available archival materials. He concludes that Ol's estimates published in 1925 exaggerate the size of foreign capital and finds the estimates of Shepelev to be more trustworthy. Bovykin provides summary data on the shares of foreign capital from the period 1893-1908. He finds that the share of foreign capital rose from 35 percent in 1893 to 40 percent in 1900 and remained steady at 40 percent from 1900 to 1908. It is my guess that his estimates are currently the most reliable figures on foreign capital in Russia. It is noteworthy that he finds that the share of foreign indirect investment fell from 1893 to 1908 (from 93 percent to 85 percent of the total) contrary to the McKay thesis that indirect foreign capital investment became relatively more important after 1900. The final chapter deals with the growth of syndicates and trusts from 1899. Bovykin shows that trust formation was a rarity when the glass cartel was formed in 1899. He characterizes the formation of trusts as the most significant indicator of monopolization of Russian industry after the turn of the century. Crediting the economic crises of this period with the creation of such anticompetitive market forms, he shows that in a number of cases, cartels accounted for 100 percent of domestic sales, and in other cases cartels operated in basically competitive industries. His chronological history of trust formation will serve as a valuable reference for economic historians, and his account of the rising importance of Prodamet in the Russian metallurgical market is a striking case study. Bovykin correctly points out that not all Russian trusts were alike. Some were true marketing cartels, imposing strict operating rules on members. Others were loosely organized into committees, unions, or offices. The true test of Bovykin's thesis on the monopolization of Russian industry through cartellization is the actual market power of the Russian trusts. As modern experience has shown, some trusts (such as international coffee trusts) have little or no market power, whereas others (such as OPEC during the 1970s) can have considerable market power. Because there is no convenient measure of the market power exercised by a trust, it will be difficult to resolve this issue. The growing cartellization of Russian industry poses an interesting question concerning the concentration figures cited in Chapter 1. If indeed an industry is organized into an effective marketing trust, concentration measures based upon market shares of the largest firms will grossly understate the concentration of that industry. This may explain why my examination of Bovykin's concentration data failed to yield an increase in concentration ratios between 1900 and 1908. As a final research suggestion, I might note that it would be useful to compare the Russian trust movement with that of the United States during the same time period to determine what similarities existed between the two movements. Bovykin's treatise represents the best of Soviet historical scholarship on Russian industrialization. It will serve as a valuable reference work for many years to come.


In this paper, we analyze the general problem of a continuous curve partition into equal length segments, defined by any smooth distance metric, like the Euclidean distance. The goal is to locate N − 1 consecutive curve points, so that the curve can be divided into N equal length segments. First, it is proved that for any curve C and any number N there always exists at least one N-equipartition (EP) of C. The approach adopted for the proof can be used to compute at least one solution of the problem or all the solutions using a greedy version of this method. These methods have only theoretical value, as there appear algebraic expressions exponentially with increasing degree N . This can be explained by our proof that a version of the EP problem is NP-hard. So, the EP is possibly complete for the NP class. However, an O(N ) approximate proof based algorithm can solve the problem with high accuracy. Moreover, we propose two algorithms, an algorithm that computes approximately all the solutions and a steepest descent based method that converges to one of them. Some possible applications are also discussed.


In 1956, with the CERN Proton Synchrotron (CPS) still under construction, a group was formed at CERN to study new accelerators reaching higher energy and/or intensity. This initiative was to assure CERNs future development and strengthen its international standing [1]. The CPS was brought into operation in 1959. It worked very reliably, delivering protons at an energy of 25 GeV. This provided one more reason for the study group to propose adding two storage rings tangential to each other and to the CPS. Protons would circulate in opposite directions, stored in the rings for many hours, and would collide at one point providing collisions at a centre-ofmass energy inaccessible with conventional synchrotrons [Box 4.1]. It would require a synchrotron of 1300 GeV to reach the same centre-of-mass energy as these Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR). Clearly, this new technique offered a tremendous leap into new territory for particle physics [2]. By 1962 this idea was taken a step further by proposing concentric rings intersecting at eight points (Fig. 4.1), substantially reducing the foot-print of the facility and allowing a number of experimental groups to work independently and simultaneously. Remarkably, the approach was driven not so much by the potential users, the particle physicists, but mainly by accelerator physicists and engineers who enthusiastically advocated the new technology. Having had leading positions in the CPS construction team, they brought their experience and expertise to the study group. The particle physicists were occupied with mastering experimentation at the CPS, and the few who reflected on the future rather thought of an extrapolation of the techniques they had been developing there.


THERE are two ways to react to the latest management theories and techniques. First, there are those who agree with Confucius in that you must "study the past if you would define the future". In this perspective, thinking is dominated by the legacies of past theories-good or bad.On the other hand, there are the managers who are attracted to the innovative and unusual: Theory X and Y, PERT, TQM, Transactional Analysis, MBO and so on. Unfortunately good ideas like these often get hijacked and used without full understanding, becoming no more than Bandaids for deeper illnesses in the organisation. As a result, they get labelled as 'Fads', and add weight to the Confucians' argument!Almost inevitably, Peter Drucker brings a sense of moderation to the argument: "All the great business builders we know of - from the Medici of Renaissance Florence... down to IBM's Thomas Watson - had a clear theory of the business which informed all their actions and decisions." This theory (whatever it is) needs to be translated into 'Management,' as this is the engine that drives the theory into practice...and hence management needs to constantly evolve to become a more efficient engine, whilst remaining functional to ensure the 'business' survives.The need for functionality means that no one area of sector activity can absorb all the innovations that occur: they would not survive for very long if they were constantly changing their management approach - after all, the key syllable in 'Management' is'Man'-with apologies to our female members! People make the business run and every person engaged in the business needs time and training to absorb new concepts in their own style. Therefore the problems of all businesses are essentially the same, as are the principles of management - and sectors can learn from each other. This is also the reason why there is so much variety in the membership of the Institute of Administrative Management.Another, younger organisation, the European Foundation for Quality Management, realised this nearly twenty years ago, and 'best practice benchmarking' is sector-blind for members. Thus for example, hospitals in Europe may measure their 'call-answering' effectiveness against an insurance company call centre in India, and the argument about industry and schools learning from each other is well rehearsed. Interestingly, this point is well made in Andrew Webster's education article about the Financial Management Standard and Toolkit (Financial Management in a Class of its Own, pages 24-25).This is, of course, a little simplistic; while the principles of management are undoubtedly the same throughout differing sectors, the applications differ of necessity. It is in the application of principles that Administrative Managers prove themselves to be 'good' or 'bad'. In other words, in 'how' the Administrative Manager-whether in a hospital, transport company, school, small engineering enterprise or Public Authority - achieves economical operation with financial probity, adequate and safe upkeep, stability of systems, good public relations, and still looks to improve things. Of course, we have an advantage here: it is this range of activity which makes our profession so fascinating and enhances the transferability of expertise and experience. I was talking to a young undergraduate who was 'temping' in an office recently: she had decided to change her chosen career path (sales) to administrative work, and the reason she gave was 'the sheer variety of the work we do in the office'. In this respect, of course, there is an image problem in that those not involved in administrative work perceive this differently, and we as members need to regard ourselves differently - but that is an issue for our 90th Anniversary Conference edition in October!Where then, do you stand in terms of new management concepts? If you stand with the Confucians, remember that Confucius also recognised that there was always a better way of doing things, and was urging people not to 'throw the baby out with the bathwater'. …


Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease of premature and low-birth-weight infants. The immature incompletely vascularized retina of these babies develops abnormal blood vessels in the retina in response to ischemia. It is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from mild transient changes in the retina with visual deterioration to severe progressive scarring, detachment of retina and irreversible blindness [1]. If identified early, this ischemic retinopathy can be treated successfully.


Let \tilde{a} be a special class of matrices with complex elements. This correspondence considers the properties of any A \in \tilde{a} which will guarantee that if G = - (A*H + HA) , then for any given Hermitian positive definite matrix H , there exists a unique nonsingular Hermitian matrix G . Properties of the eigenvalues of A and G are established.


Tikhonov regularization is an usual method to solve an ill-posed problem, recommended when the input data are contaminated with noise. However, in some cases, the use of this technique is not sufficient to provide good solutions. In this work, an improvement of the Tikhonov regularization method was proposed and tested in the inverse black body radiation problem. The method proposed consisted in including the norm of the fractional-order derivative of the solution in the original functional proposed by Tikhonov. In the present framework, the regularized solution depends on the regularization parameter, λ, and on the fractional derivative order, α. For α assuming real value between 0 and 2, the solution obtained is more precise than those from the usual Tikhonov regularization method.


A description is given of a line‐heat‐source guarded‐hot‐plate apparatus for determining the effective thermal conductivity of insulation materials in the temperature range from 250 to 400 K. Measurements made on fibrous glass boards are in good agreement with results obtained from the guarded‐hot‐plate apparatus used for over 40 years by the National Bureau of Standards for calibration purposes.


We have developed a method of generating a field whose amplitude is a randomly fluctuating variable, known as a real Gaussian field, as a means of testing the effect of laser bandwidth on nonlinear optical interactions. The frequency of this field is constant, and its amplitude, restricted to real values, varies about a mean value of zero. We have measured the intensity autocorrelation function of the light, and it shows good agreement with expected results. We are now measuring the effect of this field on nonlinear systems. The first is the 3S-5S two-photon resonance in atomic sodium. Enhancement of the two- photon absorption rate by a factor of three over the absorption rate from a monochromatic field of the same average intensity is expected. The real Gaussian field is also being applied to studies of transmission through a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The intensity spectrum is expected to consist of peaks centered at zero frequency and at the difference between the laser frequency and that of the peak of the interferometer transmission.


With growth of a defect on the gear tooth surface, vibration response of the geared rotor system changes, which can be quantified using a health indicator. Based on the health indicator, identification of an accurate health stage or categorization is crucial so that the pitting severity classification can be done precisely. In all the prior reported works, the fault severity classification approaches are applied to the seeded pitting fault, and hence, exact state change point is known in advance. However, in the real life, the gear tooth surface is subjected to a natural pitting progression, and exact state change point of the gear is not known a priori. This study presents a binary segmentation methodology for identification of multiple degradation stages such as initial pitting, medium pitting, and severe pitting in a spur gear subjected to natural pitting progression. The gear damage progression is represented by a correlation coefficient‐based degradation parameter extracted from the residual vibration signal. Based on the change in distributional properties such as mean and variance of the degradation parameter with time progression, three degradation stages of the gear are identified. A flexible miniature inspection camera is used to access and assess the actual physical damage on the gear tooth surface. Based on the visual inspection pictures, actual damage area at the identified degradation stages is quantified. Performance of the binary segmentation methodology is validated through six run‐to‐failure accelerated gear pitting experiments.


We consider international labor (entrepreneur) mobility in a two-country overlapping-generations model. Interactions of decreasing and increasing returns in production yield multiple equilibria that are stable under adaptive learning. Governments have an unilateral incentive to reduce income taxes at the joint optimum. We compare the Nash equilibrium in taxes under full labor mobility to the closed economy with no mobility. Despite strategic tax setting, the free mobility outcome is often better in welfare terms. Large, discrete gains in welfare may be attained because of the tax competition. Expectational barriers for discrete welfare improvements can be overcome through tax competition.


In Dynamic Field Theory (DFT) cognition is modeled as the interaction of a complex dynamical system. The connection to the brain is established by smaller parts of this system, neu- ral fields, that mimic the behavior of neuron populations. We reimplemented a spatial reasoning model from DFT in Python using the Nengo framework in order to provide a more flexi-ble implementation, and to facilitate future research on a more general comparison between DFT and the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF). Our results show that it is possible to recre- ate the DFT spatial reasoning model using Nengo, since we were able to duplicate both the behavior of single neural fields and the whole model. However, there are statistical differences in performance between the two implementations, and future work is needed to determine the cause of these differences.


Eczema is a very common skin disease^ in this country, and though like all other diseases of the skin it attacks the poor by selection, yet it is frequently observed in men.of theupper grades of society, and wherever met with it taxes the. skill of the physician to the utmost degree. It is an illness so troublesome in its nature that few of the sufferers have thepatience to, go through the routine treatment of; a Mofussil Out-door Dispensary, and so unsatisfactory is the action of the remedies usually given in it, that the sufferer goes on for weeks without deriving any material benefit from; the treatment whatever. The various medicines, internal and external, baths, &c., that are recommended for it are none of them reli-


This study used global land-use data interpreted from remote sensing images to quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal changes in global urban expansion over the past 20 years, as well as the source, rate of expansion, and urban growth patterns of newly added urban land (NAUL) around the world. Some main conclusions included the following. (1) Globally, NAUL was mainly derived from agriculture, grassland, and forest. These three types of land use contributed 68.93%, 10.10%, and 9.76%, respectively, to the land sources for NAUL. (2) Eight countries/regions (CRs)—India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Philippines, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Vietnam—had significant potential for future urban growth and were designated as the "Emerging Urban Growth G8." Also, Africa will continue to lead global urbanization after Asia. (3) Global urban expansion was still in a typical stage of edge expansion. Urban expansion in Oceania was the most aggregated, whereas in Asia, it was the most diffuse. (4) Apart from African CRs, the urban expansion rate in most CRs was higher than the population urbanization rate, so urbanization does not pose a significant threat to global food security. In addition, for CR with NAUL>1,000 km2, the level of economic development had a positive effect compact urban development. This study mapped large-scale urban expansion using unified data, a unified definition of urban boundaries, and over a unified time span.


A case of unsuspected acute amphetamine abuse by a 22-year-old girl which led to serious intracranial hypertension during anaesthesia for a neurosurgical procedure is described. It was difficult to maintained anaesthesia with an intermittent positive-pressure ventilation technique using muscle relaxants, N2O and O2 and supplements of fentanyl despite large doses of pancuronium and fentanyl. The differing effects of chronic and acute amphetamine dosage on anaesthetic requirements are reviewed.


Summary. Linear-programming methods are powerful and efficient tools for objectively analysing seismic focal mechanisms and are applicable to a wide range of problems, including tsunami warning and nuclear explosion identification. The source mechanism is represented as a point in the six-dimensional space of moment-tensor components. Each observed polarity provides an inequality constraint, linear with respect to the moment tensor components, that restricts the solution to a half-space bounded by a hyperplane passing through the origin. The intersection of these half-spaces is the convex set of all acceptable solutions. Using linear programming, a solution consistent with the polarity constraints can be obtained that maximizes or minimizes any desired linear function of the moment tensor components; the dilatation, the thrust-like nature, and the strike-slip-like nature of an event are examples of such functions. The present method can easily be extended to fit observed seismic-wave amplitudes (either signed or absolute) subject to polarity constraints, and to assess the range of mechanisms consistent with a set of measured amplitudes.


[background] In general, TNBC has a high distant metastasis rate and is highly aggressive. Despite good response to chemotherapy, it has a poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes. There is a need to develop new treatments for the selection of appropriate treatments. At present, treatments using an immune check point blockade are attracting attention, and the evaluations as biomarkers of and, PD-1 / PD-L1 expression on immune cells for therapeutic effects and prognosis in TNBC are controversial. In order to select patients with TNBC for who immunotherapy is likely to be effective, new biomarkers need to be explored. [Purpose] Our aim is to investigate the possibility as a biomarker of PD-L1 expression on immune cells(PD-L1/IC) in TNBC. We also assess the relationship among PD-L1/IC, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells(PD-L1/TC) and TIL. [Methods] This study included 248 patients with primary TNBC who underwent resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Kyushu University Hospital(Fukuoka, Japan) and related hospitals between January 2004 and December 2014. [Results] PD-L1/IC was positive in 129 cases (52.0%) of 248 TNBCs. Although there was no significant difference in RFS and OS between the positive and negative groups, PD-L1/IC-positive and TIL-High group showed the best prognosis, considering the combination whether PD-L1/IC was positive or negative, and TIL was high or low. PD-L1/IC was significantly correlated with PD-L1/TC(p [Conclusion] In TNBC, the relationship between PD-L1/IC and prognosis is still not clear, but in IMpassion130 trial, PD-L1/IC is a predictive marker for the effect of Atezolizumab. PD-L1/IC has potential as an immune biomarker in TNBCs. This study also found that PD-L1/IC was related to the therapeutic effect of anthracycline. PD-L1/IC may be a predictive marker of the efficacy of various treatments. Citation Format: Yurina Harada, Makoto Kubo, Hitomi Mori, Masaya Kai, Mai Yamada, Kanako Kurata, Hitomi Kawaji, Kazuhisa Kaneshiro, Saori Hayashi, Akiko Shimazaki, Takafumi Morisaki, Rin Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki Arima, Reiki Nishimura, Masayuki Okido, Masafumi Nakamura. PD-L1 expression of tumor infiltrating immune cells has potential as a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-21.


There are no studies that have shown any antidepressant to be absolutely safe for use during any stage of pregnancy. The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) during pregnancy does not increase the risk of congenital malformations or miscarriage.


Subtitle: From Dunbar to Kirkman and Bell -- profiles of once-known, partly remembered, and mostly forgotten writers of the rail.


This article argues that, in order to understand religious studies's debate over reductionism, one should take the social-historical context of the debate and the fteld's subject matter into account. Martin Kusch's work on folk psychology and Ian Hacking's work on 'human kinds' provide an example of how this can take place. The article argues that the study of religion is part of the human sciences and that this area differs from the natural sciences precisely insomuch as the former's subject matter involves a learning reflexive human being. However, large parts of the study of religion exemplify a co-called 'inferior' science-or, as some would say, theology-insomuch as these areas have developed a myopia by looking through distorting Christian glasses. This form of the field seems based on 'knowledge ex nihilo', a shortcoming for a human science because it lacks any conscious reflection on its, and its subject matter's, involvement in society.


Several challenging problems in the animation of deformable objects can be solved by combining existing models with implicit surfaces. The latter are used as an extra layer which coats any kind of structure that moves and deforms over time. Implicit surfaces detect collisions, model local deformations, and transmit response forces to the inner structures. They also control the variations of the object's volume. We present several applications from the animation of organic shapes to the simulation of soft inelastic substances that can separate into smaller pieces or fuse into larger ones.


We investigate the mass spectrum of Nucleon and Delta (and its counterparts with strange and charm), and their excited states, in quenched lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry. For each light baryon, we use 23 masses to determine the coefficients of the mass formula in quenched chiral perturbation theory. By chiral extrapolation to mπ = 135 MeV, we obtain MN = 958(26) MeV, MN � = 1553(42) MeV, M� = 1216(32) MeV and M�� = 1611(17) MeV, which are identified with N(939)P11, N(1535)S11, �(1232)P33 and �(1620)S31 respectively. Further, we directly measure the masses of , M = 1648(60) MeV, and its excited state, M� = 1935(48) MeV; as well as the triply charmed baryon ++ , M++ = 4931(22) MeV, and its excited state, M++ � = 5185(35) MeV.


The article discusses how to improve the detection probability of small targets in the complicated background of low signal noise ratio. The purpose for inhibiting background noise and enhancing small targets is carried out through improving image quality by means of digital filtering and enlarging signal noise ratio. In accordance with the characteristics of high frame TV system, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are applied to construction high speed image preprocessor and real time calculation for image preprocessing of digital TV, and then lay a good basis for the follow up work. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this method is feasible.


Our country has entered a stage of aged society at the beginning of 21st century.At the same time,the reform and adjustment of the industrial structure cause the increase of retirement and unemployment,which make the payment of current social security rather uncoordinated with economic growth.Aged-population has begun to lash the social security system in our country.As far as the old-age pension system is concerned,either the system of concurrent imposing and paying or the system of funds accumulation confronts heavy funds pressure.At present,we should innovate the performing system of funds management,improve the regulation and the performing organizations.Strictly speaking,governmental operation of individuals' funds should give them favorable profits and at the same time keep them away from market risks.


This study aimed to identify the aptitudes required in allied health professionals working in three different service delivery models serving remote locations in Northern tropical Australia. Eighteen allied health professionals including; dietetics, diabetes educators, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychology, podiatry, social work and speech pathology participated in this exploratory study using a narrative approach. A range of aptitudes were identified and themed under the following headings: (1) being organized but flexible, (2) cooperation and mediation, (3) culturally aware and accepting communicators, (4) knowing the community, (5) resourcefulness and resilience and (6) reflectivity. Limiting factors were also deduced. Three of the themes are discussed in this paper. The study found that allied health professionals working in remote settings identified as important personal attributes not necessarily valued in metropolitan settings. Recruitment processes and education programs need to recogni...


Objective:To set up a method for the determination of puerarin in niuge oral liquid with high perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods:A Nova Pak C 18 chromatographic column(3.9 mm×150.0 mm, 4 μm) served as the stationary phase, while a mixture of methanol H 2O=25∶75( V/V ), as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.7 mL·min 1 and the wavelength for detection was 250 nm. Results:A good linear correlation was shown when the concentration of puerarin lay within a range of 0.404-2.020 μg, r =0.999 9. The average rate of recovery was 99.23%, RSD =1.29%; and the RSD value of precision for continuous sample mountings was 0.26%. Conclusion:Interference of other components could eliminated by this method, which was shown to be accurate, reliable, simple and convenient with good reprodu cibility.


The essay explores the question of whether people can have a right to common goods, such as the flourishing of their culture or national heritage. It first explains the concept of a common good and its distinction from other similar concepts, such as collective and public goods. Second, it argues that individuals ought not to have a right to common goods, unless a particular distributive principle applies to the good in question, and then the individual's right is the right to a certain share in that common good. Finally, the essay explores the question of how this analysis applies to group-rights, with respect to other groups and to members of the group itself.