The sample rate conversion algorithm based on variable fractional delay filters is often used if the resampling ratio cannot be expressed as the ratio of small integer numbers or if it is not constant. The main advantage of such solution is that it allows for arbitrary resampling ratios which can even be changed during the resampling process. In this paper a discussion on influence of different approaches to fractional filter design on performance of sample rate conversion algorithm implemented using variable fractional delay filters is presented. Since the performance of such resampling algorithm depends solely on the method used to design fractional delay filters, we present its properties in relation to the presented classification of fractional delay filter design methods. The proposed general categories of fractional filter design are: optimal design, offset window method and polyphase decomposition.


[Objective] To investigate pyrethroid pesticide residues in Chinese traditional patent medicine in Guizhou province.[Method] In Guiyang City,main varieties Chinese traditional patent medicine pharmacies of the 20 major pharmaceutical companies were purchased,3-5 batches of each variety,160 samples totally,after extraction and purification,detected by GC with ECD detector.[Result] Five pyrethroids were detected in the samples,the detection rate was 33.1%,the content concentrated in the 0.01-0.05 mg/kg.Taking "EU maximum residue limits of pesticides in fruit table"(2008) as a reference,samples pass rate was 85%.[Conclusion] These research data can be used as the reference for the development of Chinese traditional patent medicines pyrethroid pesticide residues limits in China.


This paper presents introduction to 'the 3W Theory in Multidisciplinary Advanced Research from the Qur'ānic Perspective'. Researchers may use advanced relevant theory and high quality methodology that formulated based on the divine knowledge in order to apply research ethics, to do research based on characteristics, valid objectives as well as importance of research. The'3W theory' therefore, has been formulated from the Holy Qur'ānic viewpoint. A research will be appreciated as a fruitful research if its researcher(s) can attain at least an objective from the Qur'ānic objectives of research. For instance, discovering new facts, unique information, reaching a new understanding, identifying problem, recognizing cause(s) of problem and factual consequence of identified problem, finding solution to the problem as well as obtaining ma'refatullah (gaining knowledge about Allah). It is a theory, which aims to fulfil abovementioned objectives of research. The main objective of this introduction is to introduce 'the 3W theory' with researchers in multidiscipline of study. This theory will guide to attain the Qur'ānic objectives of research, motivate to respect a person, community and nation as we all are humans. The natural and human ecosystems will be fortified instead of expensive disaster; societies could be peaceful by gaining everybody their justified rights regardless.


In compliance with the EU-regulation (1099/2009/EG) - and the German "Tierschutzschlachtverordnung" of 1997, gunshot at pasture is a legal method for slaughtering free-ranged cattle. Shooting on pasture redundantizes trapping and transporting of a living animal: it is put to death in its familiar surrounding without any enforcement. The aim of this status quo analysis in the context of a project-thesis was gathering applied procedures and experiences in shooting on pasture practices. Results of the online survey (75 Farmers) show high Similarity of applied procedures in different farming-conditions. The most mentioned decision for shooting on pasture rest upon improved meat-quality and animal protection.


Objective To study the possible mechanism of the damage of nerve system of prenatal induced by lactational BDE-209(brominated Diphenyl Ethers-209) in the offspring rats from the cholinergic neurotransmitter system point of view.Methods:After mating successfully,the female Wistar rats at the age of 3 months were divided into five groups randomly including the experimental group A,B,C,D and the control group E.BDE-209 was given in doses of 100(group A),300(group B),600(group C),1 200(group D) mg/(kg·d) by oral gavage for maternal rats in the experimental groups.Ten rats of the first weaning offspring in each group were selected randomly.We determined the contents of acetylcholine,muscarinic cholinoreceptor,cholinergic nicotinic receptor and the activity of acetylcholinesterase by immunohistochemistry and chromatometry in each group.Results Compared with group E,the concentration of acetylcholine and the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased significantly in group B,C and D,the concentration of muscarinic cholinoreceptor decreased significantly in group C and D,and the concentration of cholinergic nicotinic receptor decreased significantly in group D.Conclusions A certain dose of maternal BDE-209(deca-BDE) could be neurotoxical due to the effect on the cholinergic neurotransmitter in the offspring rats,and there was dose-effect.


Approaching an apprehension as a form of a social reconstruction of reality with its special language, logics and structure of implications, the author of the article researches teenagerss semantic fields of the lexemes book, library, radio, cinema, TVset, computer, inernet. The analysis of the associations gives the opportunity to judge about the specialty of a contemporary teenagers ordinary mind formed in the process of knowing of socialcultural legacy through various printed and digital sources.


This document is a State-of-the-Practice examination of how the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Industry has developed procedures for using waste asphalt shingles in HMA. Chapters address sources of waste shingles, mix design considerations, equipment modifications, laboratory and field studies of the quality of HMA containing waste shingles, and operational, environmental, and economic considerations for the use of the material. The problem waste shingles create as the third largest source of construction material landfilled each year is also discussed.


The subdifferential mapping associated with a proper, convex lower semicontinuous function on a real Banach space is always a special kind of maximal monotone operator. Specifically, it is always "strongly maximal monotone" and of "type (ANA)". In an attempt to find maximal monotone operators that do not satisfy these properties, we investigate (possibly discontinuous) maximal monotone linear operators from a subspace of a (possibly nonreflexive) real Banach space into its dual. Such a linear mapping is always "strongly maximal monotone", but we are only able to prove that is of "type (ANA)" when it is continuous or surjective — the situation in general is unclear. In fact, every surjective linear maximal monotone operator is of "type (NA)", a more restrictive condition than "type (ANA)", while the zero operator, which is both continuous and linear and also a subdifferential, is never of "type (NA)" if the underlying space is not reflexive. We examine some examples based on the properties of derivatives.


This article makes an investigation research into the differences of the university students' demands for psychological education regarding different sexes,different grades and different specialities,holds that there is different from the male university students and female university students,first year university students and second year university students and liberal arts students and science and engineering students in the demands for psychological education.So we should launch well the psychologilal education of university students which is aimed at in colleges and universities in view of the differences of university students' demands for psychological education.


Four-hour dark period interruptions of incandescent, red and far-red radiation each night during natural cooling hastened flowering by 22, 15 and 8 days, respectively, over natural daylengths. No additional acceleration occurred when night breaks were applied during natural cooling and forcing as compared to lighting during natural cooling only. The accelerating effect of night breaks was found to be the response to light alone and not total radiant energy or temperature. Bloom date acceleration by night breaks of incandescent light was due to a proportionate acceleration in flower bud initiation. For every week of acceleration there was an average decrease of 2 flower buds and 7 leaves per stem. Bulb potting depth also influenced bloom date. The depth effects on flowering time were independent of lighting treatments. A 4-day acceleration was obtained by setting the bulb nose at the soil line as compared to a 2 inch planting depth.
Plant height was independently influenced by photoperiod-light quality and by potting depth. Height was only slightly affected by supplemental lighting during natural cooling. After forcing temperatures were reached, red and incandescent lighting caused slight height increases while far-red caused pronounced stem stretching. Exposure of the bulb above the soil at potting reduced plant height at maturity.


In January 2003 the Dutch authorities notified the Commission of a legal framework for an emission trading scheme for the atmospheric pollutant NOx. The measure was authorised under State aid notification rules by the Commission by decision dated 24 June 2003. As the legal framework sets up a trading mechanism with mostly private provisions, it is interesting to see how and why the State aid rules are applicable.


High performance computing (HPC) system has its special architecture and applications,and grasping the characteristics of power consumption is the basis to improve energy efficiency. The paper classifies the power management techniques into two types: dynamic resource sleep and dynamic speed scaling,evaluates the two mechanisms in processors,and demonstrates their significant potentials in HPC. The analysis of the energy consumption characteristics and the weaknesses of the current solutions is directive to future energy optimization.


Spectra are reported for all seven methylquinolines, nine dimethylquinolines, six methylisoquinolines and one dimethylisoquinoline. Substituent effects for the α, ortho, meta, para, vinylogous para and peri positions are reported for the monomethylcompounds. Additivity of these substituent effects is demonstrated for the dimethyl compounds which also exhibit a vicinal dimethyl steric effect.


Collective sales of media rights are a common practice in sports leagues. Proponents of the system claim that it is a necessary tool for the maintenance of competitive balance. In this empirical paper, I argue that, in European soccer, collective sales do not increase competitive balance as compared to individual sales. Secondly, I demonstrate the negative effect of the UEFA Champions League on competitive balance. Finally, I illustrate the beneficial effect of a larger market size and a more equal distribution of drawing power. These results shed new light on antitrust and solidarity policies in the sports industry.


In 1998, the State University of West Georgia (UWG) and the Georgia Merit System (GMS) were awarded a grant to explore the distance learning policies of various types of organizational settings in the state during the 1998-1999 academic year. Prior to the awarding of this grant, no statewide studies had been conducted to examine existing policies at the GSAMS sites. In this study, two major areas of concern were explored: 1) the ways in which distance learning policies have been established, and 2) the types of policies that have been established. Five policy areas were examined: administration and management, technical issues, pedagogy, training, and evaluation.


A risk, when it occurs, causes negative effects on outputs. Typically risks are not independent, as multiple risks occur simultaneously. These risks have links, creating a 'push' effect, thus increasing the severity of each and all risk(s) on outputs. This paper aims to verify the mechanism of the push effect that is a new approach in the supply chain risk management literature. In this study, two models were compared: (1) only exists in direct effects of risks on supply chain performance, i.e. the competitive model. The other, (2), contains relationships among risks that show the mechanism of the push effect, i.e. the hypothesised model. Empirical evidence found in the Vietnam construction sector proved that the hypothesised model is better suited and has greater effect on supply chain performance in terms of each and all risk(s). Comparing 55% variance of the competitive model, the hypothesised one can explain up to 73% variance of supply chain performance. These results confirm our hypotheses of the push effect. Furthermore, findings achieved from this research can be used as 'a guideline' for reducing the impact of this mechanism.


Aims and Objectives:
 It is well known that treatment of femoral shaft fractures can lead into torsional malalignment. In up to 15% of these cases a torsional correction is necessary. Further there are congenital torsional abnormities causing disbalances in the knee joint. In both cases a torsional correction osteotomy can be helpful. However the results of these kind of osteotomies can defer from the planned correction-angle. There are various intraoperative tests to check the corrected angle with the planned one. But still there are a lot of unsatisfying results. It is well known that there exist navigation systems for this kind of surgery. But usually they are expensive, time consuming and need a lot of hardware. The so called X-in-One system is a truly x-ray-based navigation system. Besides the c-arm two probes and one tablet pc are needed. The objective of this study was to proof the feasibility in a clinical setting. Additionally it was meant to be a validity check.
 Materials and Methods:
 After testing two cadaver legs in the laboratory we received the ethical approval to perform a first clinical trial. From November 2016 to June 2017 we included 5 patients who underwent torsional correction of their femur. Planning of rotational-angle was done by CT and measured with the Waidelich-method. After surgery CT and measurement was performed again to verify the success of surgery. During surgery the angle was measured with two wire technique and an angle template. To stabilize the osteotomized bone during surgery we used an external fixator. Therefore we could attach both navigation probes at each Schanz'screw (distal and proximal to the osteotomy). The surgeon was blinded to the results of the system. So the calculation was performed by the system after surgery. Therefore we took two x-ray images done during surgery, one before osteotomy and the other after the correction was stabilized. With these values we were able to calculate the validity of the new system to the CT-measurement and against the intraoperative measurement of the surgeon.
 Results:
 In all 5 patients no adverse events, such as infection or non-union occurred. In one case the Schanz'screw with the attached probe was rotated during sugery accidentally. However the system detected this rotation correctly. There was no significant time delay by attaching and removing the probes. All intraoperative x-rays could be used as values for calculations of the X-in-One System. The results of our new system are impressive precise. No deviation more than 1° towards the CT measurement was recognized.
 Conclusion:
 After finishing the development of this system it will be an easy to use tool for torsional corrections of each bone. It is very helpful to perform precise torsional osteotomies without apparent disadvantages during surgery performance and patients' safety. An additional benefit is that post-op CT is unnecessary. But still a lot of work has to be done to implement this system into the c-arm and get the certificate for intraoperative usage.


This research paper outlines the specific elements involved in the evacuation of approximately 3000 residents following a train derailment in the spring of 2002 in a suburban community in the Southeastern United States (USA). The derailment caused the release of an oleum (sulphuric acid) spill/plume. A major focus is the post-accident assessment of the procedures used for the evacuation, including recommended improvements/modifications. These recommendations were designed to improve future compliance with evacuation procedures in residential neighbourhoods.


Use of the Internet on today is not a new thing anymore. Nearly all the world knew him. Internet is the culmination of a disebuah use of information technology on the computer. Website Candyware, namely a ctitious company websites engaged in the procurement of goods for food preparation, food storage and drink made of plastic. Currently attract much attention, especially for people who want to use these products for everyday purposes. The purpose of scienti c writing is to provide ways candyware website development using PHP, for buyers interested to buy it and make it easier in the ordering process. In scienti c writing which will be discussed how to make a simple website candyware reserva- tions are also interesting. Making this website using PHP program. Where website can be modi ed in the future.


This is a case of an 18-yearold, Asian female in 11th grade special education who lives with her family. The patient was brought to the emergency department (ED) by an ambulance after having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure at home. In the ED, the patient experienced auditory hallucinations of the command type, telling her to hurt herself. She also had visual hallucinations of people changing shapes and colors. She did not report any suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, or substance abuse. Three days before presentation, the patient became noncompliant with her medications, resulting in her becoming isolative, having decreased appetite, and being unable to take care of personal hygiene. She also complained of being unable to sleep the night before admission. The patient's psychiatric diagnoses included psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) since 2010 and seizure disorder (unknown etiology) for the past 17 Deepa Hasija, MD; Sree Latha Krishna Jadapalle, MD; and Amel Badr, MD, are all with Bergen Regional Medical Center, Paramus, NJ. Deepa Hasija, MD, is Associate Chief of Research; Sree Latha Krishna Jadapalle, MD, is research assistant in psychiatry; Amel Badr, MD, is Program Director, Psychiatry Residency Training Program. Address correspondence to: Deepa Hasija, MD, via email: email@example.com. Drs. Hasija, Jadapalle, and Badr have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. doi: 10.3928/00485713-20111229-03 © iS to ck ph ot o. co m


RR Lyrae stars are recognized as some of the oldest stars in the Universe. In addition, they are some of the few old celestial objects for which distances can be reliably inferred. As such, these stars are excellent tracers of the oldest structures that exist in the inner Galaxy. Although the inner Galaxy is where the oldest structures in the Milky Way are thought to be hidden, it is also a region notoriously difficult to study due to high extinction and crowding. Here, I will summarize how RR Lyrae stars have been used to obtain a more complete picture of the inner Galaxy. In particular, recently, a large sample of RR Lyrae star motions through space have been obtained and compared to younger, more metal-rich stars in the bulge/bar. It is seen that the inner Galaxy RR Lyrae star kinematics are complicated by a mix of a variety of Galactic components. After isolating only those RR Lyrae stars that are confined to the bulge, a subsample of these stars have slower rotation and are less barred than the dominant bar/bulge. Curiously, there is no discernible metallicity [Fe/H] difference between these two subsamples. Old, metal-poor stars in the inner Galaxy need to be properly accounted for when discussing processes that gave rise to the formation of the inner Galaxy and the Galactic bar/bulge.


1 Introduction Expert systems are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications, mainly for real-time complex control systems, such as process control and network operation. In the field of real-time operation, expert systems must handle random input data such as sensor readings or alarms while processing inferences. To handle these data, it has been proposed that the inference engine and receiving process be separated. However, all input data are treated uniformly by the inference engine, so its load is still excessive [1] [2] [3] [4]. This paper suggests an algorithm and an inference mechanism which decrease the data processed by the inference engine in order to reduce its load. First, we clarified the scope of checked data, through data-dependency analysis. The analysis is performed by determining the sequence of inferences. Next, we describe a new inference mechanism using a multi-process which consists of inference process (engine) and an auxiliary process (scheduler). The scheduler processes the input data, so that only events of direct relevance are passed through to the inference engine and the amount of inference processing decreases [5]. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise , or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. In this research, we discuss inference processes for real-time control on the premise of a production system. A traditional production system consists of a knowledge base and an inference process (IE: Inference Engine) [6] [7] (Fig.l(a)). The knowledge base is a collection of rules in the form of "IF condition TIIEN action" statements. Tile inference engine consists of cycles of Pattern-Matching (MATCH), Conflict-Resolution (SELECT) and Action (ACT). The data. in local memory (WM: Working Memory) is examined by the inference engine only. For example, in diagnosing a breakdown, the cause of the breakdown is determined based on the rules and the state of the system at the point of breakdown. When we apply expert systems to the fields of real-time control, the inference engine must examine not only the data in WM but also random input data., which generally have the following characteristics [1] [8]: 1) Generated independently of the inference sequence 2) Values …


Affinity programs have long supported the development, healing, and resilience of Black girls and women in educational contexts. Drawing on a conceptual framework of intersectionality and program planning, this descriptive qualitative study highlights the perspectives of six program leaders who manage support outreach programs designed to support Black girls and women. These findings provide greater understanding of the needs and challenges associated with developing programmatic outreach for Black women and girls by providing detailed descriptions about the experiences of leaders who develop and manage outreach programs designed to improve the social, academic, and health development of Black women and girls. Additionally, the contextual forces that influence the sustainability of programs designed to further the betterment of Black women and girls is discussed. Implications for both the researching and implementing programs designed to support Black women and girls is also provided.


Objective To report the effect of triamcinolone acetonide peri-orbital injection with and without prednisone on NOSPECS class Ⅱ thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.Methods We selected 45 patients who had NOSPECS Ⅱ class thyroid associated ophthalmopathy among 169 consecutive patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.The 45 patients were randomized into 3 groups.In the first 15 patients,triamcinolone acetonide peri-orbital injection therapy repeated 2~3 times for successive month,1 time per month.In the second 15 patients triamcinolone acetonide peri-orbital injection accompanied oral prednisone therapy(initial daily dose of 1mg/kg,tapered to discontinuation).The third 15 patients received only oral prednisone therapy.The classification activity score(CAS),eyelids height,upper eyelid lag,corneal fluorescein dying,and tear film break up time(BUT)were documented every month and followed up for 6 months.Results Clinical findings at study entry were not significantly different among three groups.CAS were reduced to the least at 1 to 2 month after therapy in the first and second group,whereas reduced to the least at 5 month in the third group.No significant difference was found in CAS at 5 month among three groups.Eyelids height were significantly reduced at 1 to 2 month after therapy in the first and second group,whereas reduced at 3 month after therapy in the third group.Eyelids height of the first two groups were less than the third group at 6 month.Eyelids lag were significantly reduced at 2 month after therapy in the first and second group,whereas reduced at 3 month after therapy in the third group.Eyelids lag of the first two group were less than the third group at 6 month.No significant difference was found in corneal fluorescein stain and BUT among three groups,although corneal fluorescein dying was diminished,and BUT was improved during treatment among three groups.Conclusions Triamcinolone acetonide peri-orbital injection therapy and triamcinolone acetonide peri-orbital injection with oral prednisone therapy had the same beneficial therapeutic effects on CAS,eyelids height,and eyelids lag of active thyroid associated ophthalmopathy during 6-month follow-up period.But oral prednisone had systemic side effects.


How can inclusivity be implemented in a German international school, a necessarily exclusive type of school which educates children from international expat families and operates according to the particular conditions in the host country? What laws and social conventions have to be taken into account? In terms of inclusivity in practice, which necessities, opportunities and problems can arise? What resources and support does the school need, both internally and externally? Which fundamental controversies relating to inclusivity will present themselves in the special case of an international school? The author addressed these questions during a three-year study at an international school in Germany. In this book, she describes her findings and her concept for inclusivity at such a school both realistically and practically.


In some regions of Australia an ataxia of cattlc designated as 'zamia poisoning, wobbles, or staggers' is caused by ingestion of the leaves of plants of the family Zumiuceae. The Australian literature on this condition was reviewed by HALL* who described 13 feeding tests that confirmed the toxicity of AlacroZumiu pauli-guilielmi, M. doiglasii, and M. spiralis for cattle. The last mentioned plant has since been reclassified as M. hi&, and M. douglarir has been included under the species M. mipelii by JOIINSON~~. Afore recently HALL^ reported ataxia and degeneration of the spinal tract in a 704-lb, 2-year-old heifer which had eaten 53 lbs of Boweniu serrdutu, which is also a member of the family Zumiuceue. This paper records the clinical and histopathological findings in a steer fed M. lucida and another fed Bowenia serrulufu. In addition, the lesions in the upper cervical cord and brain of two natural cases of zamia poisoning are described. A summary of the findings on the 2 experimental steers and 1 of thc natural cases appeared as an appendix in the report of the Conference on the Toxicity of Cycads (Fourth)*2.


Sidney R Garfield, MD, physician co-founder of Kaiser Permanente (KP), was a pioneer whose ideas about prepaid health insurance, physicians practicing in groups, preventive health care, and medical services under one roof were seen as radical in the 1930s. Through his dedication and efforts, as well as those of other early KP physician leaders, these ideas became the blueprint for KP. As Paul de Kruif says in his book, Life Among the Doctors, Sidney Garfield was "an innovator who has invented a democratic system of medical care."1


Different factors rotational methods were built on the base of numerical methods of nonlinear optimization with conditions. A comparison of orthogonal and oblique rotational methods presented. Advantages of the oblique rotational methods is proven.


2. 5D braided carbon/phenolic composite as new resin matrix thermal protection material was investigated by vacuum impregnation and compression molding. Tensile properties,ablative properties and thermal constants of the composite were studied. Results indicated the tensile and tensile modulus were 424 MPa,66. 4 GPa. The linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate of oxyacetylene were 0. 013 mm / s and 0. 049 g / s. The thermal conductivity didn't exceed 0. 6 W /( m· K). The specific heat exceed 1. 1 J /( g·K). The combined performance of 2. 5D braided carbon / phenolic compression composite was better than that of chopped fiber phenolic composite or carbon cloth phenolic. It can bused as thermal protection and structural material.


Differential gene expression between sexes is the main contributor of the morphological and behavioral differences observed between them. Studying the signatures of these differences at the genetic level will help us understand the forces acting on them. The existence of androdioecious and gonochoristic species in the genus Caenorhabditis makes it suitable for sexbiased gene expression studies. In this thesis, I have assembled the transcriptome of C. sp. 9 and C. sp. 5 using de novo and reference-based techniques. Evolutionary analysis of the assembled contigs showed that genes with male-biased expression evolve faster than those with a female bias, as observed in other taxa. Furthermore, I found a positive correlation between gene expression and codon usage bias.


Almost five years to the day after becoming RCN general secretary, Beverly Malone announced this week that she is leaving the post.


Between 2002 and 2007, the United States has concluded 11 free trade agreements (hereinafter FTAs) with different countries throughout the world, including Australia and South Korea. The above mentioned FTAs have entailed significant restriction on the ability of states parties to pursue cultural policies. Although the financial instruments of cultural policy have been exempted, the possibility for public authorities to adopt or maintain regulatory measures, such as domestic content quotas in the media, has been significantly curtailed; particularly as regard to the electronic commerce of digital products. When instruments of cultural regulation have been allowed, as is the case principally with Australia and South Korea, most of these exceptions have pertained to traditional or analogue media. Yet, this article discusses the specific exceptions that the United States has proved willing to accept concerning the new or digital media within FTAs reached by the two developed countries. It concludes, however, that the strict conditions that accompany the possible resort to such exceptions applying to electronic commerce raise questions as to their applicability.


Introduction There is a great need to identify specific elemental compounds in ambient particulate matter (PM) and in closely related particulate matter emitted by both stationary and mobile fossil-fuel combustion sources. Such information, particularly for sulfur and heavy metals, can aid epidemiological studies aimed at discovering the underlying causes of adverse health effects arising from inhalation of airborne PM (1). In addition, specific chemical compounds might be useful as markers for identifying and quantifying different source contributions of PM to ambient PM. In this work, we describe results obtained on the speciation of sulfur and various metals in PM derived from combustion of residual oil and coal using a methodology based on both leaching behavior and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The data presented here augment and update various preliminary accounts of the speciation in suites of coarse (>2.5 μm, PM2.5+) and fine (<2.5 μm, PM2.5) PM samples based on XAFS spectroscopy alone (2-4). Such previous studies have been conducted largely on as-received PM samples collected and prepared at the EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL). The combustion experiments have been described in detail elsewhere (5,6). The coarse and fine fractions of PM were separated by means of a cyclone.


The goal of this paper is to propose new alarm filtering techniques for Intelligent Alarm Processing Systems (IAPS). A basic idea of our approach of alarm filtering is to use a type of knowledge model (the functional graph) to define synthesis alarms. Using causal inhibition principle, detail alarms are inhibited by synthesis alarms to reduce the number of alarm presented to the operator. Moreover, we propose a hierarchy of concepts to characterise the status of an alarm. This hierarchy enable us to propose integrated filtering techniques that take into account both filtering due to system properties (validation, causal inhibition) and the interaction of the operator with the alarm system to sort presented alarms (acquitement, suppression).


Background: The Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of connective tissue. It is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene encoding glycoprotein fibrillin-1, a component of microfibrils of extracellular matrix. Patients with Marfan syndrome show wide spectra of clinical signs, primarily on skeletal, cardiovascular and ocular organ systems. Cardiovascular complications (especially aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection) are the most common cause of mortality of Marfan syndrome patients. Discovering genotype-phenotype correlations is complicated because of the large number of mutations reported as well as clinical heterogeneity among individuals with the same mutation. Despite the progress in the knowledge of the molecular nature of Marfan syndrome the diagnosis is still based mainly on the clinical features in the different body systems. Conclusions: Early identification of patient with Marfan syndrome is of considerable importance because of appropriate treatment that can greatly improve life expectancy. Unfortunately, despite the improvement of diagnostic methods, medical and surgical therapy, the mortality due to undiagnosed Marfan syndrome is still high. The present article reviews the molecular genetic studies of Marfan syndrome since the discovery of the mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene.


The magnetic properties of calcined cobalt ferrite formed by nano-crystalline powders have been compared by two different methods (co-precipitation and hydrothermal). The structural properties of the produced powders were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the formation of cobalt ferrite spinel structures is effected by changing methods. Both techniques were effective and led to the production of spinel phase and crystalline nano-powders. Magnetic hysteresis was measured by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) in a maximum field of 10 kOe. The saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were derived from the hysteresis loops. The results revealed that the magnetic properties of nano-particles depend


Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) is commonly known as redgram. The seeds are used as dal which is rich in protein (21%), iron, iodine and essential amino acids like lysine, tyrosine, cystine and arginine. Pigeonpea when rotated with cereal crops increases the yield of cereals by enhancing soil nitrogen and helps in breaking the disease cycle of important cereal pathogens. Because of its tolerance to heat and drought, it is suitable for low-fertility soils. Globally, Pigeonpea is cultivated in 5.41 million ha, adding 4.49 million tonnes of grain International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 12 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Summary: This article focuses on the role reflection played with four Polish born adult learners who participated in the viewing of the film Katy ń , an international education outreach program in the United States. The accounts of participants presented and the analysis are part of a larger qualitative interpretive study. The discussion of the narratives and themes point to the potential role of diaspora groups as co-creators of knowledge in international adult education programs and the complex role such outreach education programs play with diverse groups having self-defined learning needs.


This report analyzes the history of affordable housing policy decision making and the present system of affordable housing in the United States. At the same time, the cost efficiency of two affordable housing programs is calculated based on the federal affordable housing portfolio of the New York City Housing Authority. Cost efficiency and political and public support (which is also referred to as ideology in this research) are often conflicting goals. This report examines what affordable housing policy decisions have been based on and how cost efficient the two considered programs have been. The main research question is: "What has been driving federal affordable housing policy choices in the United States and how cost efficient have they been?" The information about the bases of past policy decisions and the cost efficiency of these programs over the years that this study provides can contribute to future policy decisions and make policy makers more aware of what their decisions are founded on. The history of affordable housing policies is an essential part to understand the current system. Both the history of affordable housing policies and current affordable housing programs are analyzed based on ideology. The cost efficiency study can be used to determine how cost efficient different housing programs – and thus affordable housing policies – have been. This study finds that cost efficiency has not played a significant role in decision making related to affordable housing policies in the United States, especially before the 1970s and 1980s; decisions have instead been based mainly on ideology. Over the years, affordable housing policies have moved from public-administered, project-based assistance to tenant-based assistance using the private market Since the 1970s, multiple cost efficiency studies have been conducted; however, they are self-admittedly disadvantageous towards public housing. The cost efficiency study conducted as part of this research concludes that public housing has been more than twice as cost efficient as housing provided through the federal government's Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program. It can thus be concluded that cost efficiency has not been a large part of affordable housing decision making, with housing policy decisions instead being driven mainly by ideology – which has resulted in decisions that are not necessarily cost efficient.


In order to realize real-time measurement for experimental data in a long time and to avoid tedious work and human error of manual monitoring and recording data,the authors connect the RS-232 serial interface in ESCORT-3146A with the serial port of PC to realize serial communication,and use visual basic(VB) programming language to develop data acquisition software which realizes the function of remote controlling and automatic data acquisition between PC and ESCORT-3146A.The software has simple interfaces and can be operated easily.The data acquired from ESCORT-3146A is stored in the Excel table,which is easily stored,managed,analyzed and processed.


In the experiment we will discuss below,we altered the quantity of non-rubber substances after their being extracted from NR latex by ultracentrifugation,then we analyzed the effects of non-rubber substances on the mechanical and anti-aging performance of vulcanized NR.The result showed that,in a certain range,the mechanical and anti-aging performance improved with increasing amount of non-rubber substances.


The article gives a comparative-historical description of cow paremias in the KazakhMongolian languages. Proverbs are an invaluable treasure of the lexical fund of any people. Ethnogenic and glottogenesis information is well preserved in proverbs. Since the study of paremias from the point of view of comparative-linguistic folkloristics has not yet been started in general linguistics, including Altaistics, conducting research in this field is becoming a pressing problem of the present period. If we solve the mentioned problem, it would be easy to determine the linguistic image of the developed world in the knowledge of each nation. The purpose of the research work was to comment on the proverbs of related languages at a scientific level and provide historical descriptions. For this purpose, a review of the scientific works of Altaic studies, including Turkic languages and Mongolian languages, was reviewed before this period. In addition, focusing on the scientific views in the field of paremiology, during the complex analysis, research objects were classified into several thematic groups, and a relative-meaningful explanation was given to them. The national values and knowledge collected during the Paremias are very valuable not only in the field of Altaistics, but also for linguistics in general.


The invention provides methods for forming a micro-electromechanical systems ('MEMS') device ( 100 ) from a substrate ( 500 ) comprising a handle layer ( 108 ) and a cap ( 132 ) overlying the handle layer ( 108 ). In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes cutting through the substrate ( 500 ) to separate the substrate ( 500 ) into a first die ( 148 ) and a second die ( 150 ), the first die ( 148 ) having a first sidewall ( 138 ), and depositing a conductive material ( 182 ) onto the first sidewall ( 138 ) to electrically couple the cap ( 132 ) to the handle layer ( 108 ).


Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a foliation on a projective manifold $X$ with $-K_{\mathcal{F}}$ nef. Assume that either $\mathcal{F}$ is regular, or it has a compact leaf. We prove that there is a locally trivial fibration $f\colon X\to Y$, and a foliation $\mathcal{G}$ on $Y$ with $K_{\mathcal{G}} \equiv 0$, such that $\mathcal{F} = f^{-1}(\mathcal{G})$.


In an attempt to better understand any nation, it is necessary to examine the salient characteristics of that country's sociocultural process. The significance of the inter relationship of sport and society in Latin America, and specifi cally in Uruguay, reflects in part the rise as well as the demise of a republic struggling and battling with the problems and issues of advancing technology and industrialization as sec ondary industrial development begins to diffuse from its rapidly developing South American neighbors. This paper discusses the nexus between sport in the form of soccer and the parallel rise and demise of twentieth-century Uruguayan sociocultural development. Sport serves as a significant in dicator within Uruguayan society and tends to mirror the ex isting societal status. Sport may also serve as a form of social adaptation process for future Uruguayan sociocultural development.


As pharmacogenomic (PGx) use in healthcare increases, a better understanding of patient needs will be necessary to guide PGx result delivery. The Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC) is a prospective study investigating the utility of personalized medicine. Participants received online genetic risk reports for 27 potentially actionable complex diseases and 7 drug–gene pairs and could request free, telephone-based genetic counseling (GC). To explore the needs of individuals receiving PGx results, we conducted a retrospective qualitative review of inquiries from CPMC participants who requested counseling from March 2009 to February 2017. Eighty out of 690 (12%) total GC inquiries were focused on the discussion of PGx results, and six salient themes emerged: "general help", "issues with drugs", "relevant disease experience", "what do I do now?", "sharing results", and "other drugs". The number of reported medications with a corresponding PGx result and participant engagement were significantly associated with PGx GC requests (p < 0.01 and p < 0.02, respectively). Our work illustrates a range of questions raised by study participants receiving PGx test results, most of which were addressed by a genetic counselor with few requiring referrals to prescribing providers or pharmacists. These results further support a role for genetic counselors in the team-based approach to optimal PGx result delivery.


The study and use of natural pigments in food industries have increased in recent years due to the toxicity presented by artificial pigments. Monascus ruber is a filamentous fungus that produces red, orange, and yellow pigments under different growing conditions. The growth of health food market has increased in parallel with the growth in biofuels production, such as biodiesel, which generates a concomitant increase in the production of glycerin that can be used in bioprocesses. The objective of this study was to use glycerin and glucose as substrates in the production of natural pigments in a bioreactor. The culture of Monascus ruber was carried out in a Bioflo III reactor with 4 L of working volume and pH, temperature, aeration, and agitation control. The highest pigment production was observed after 60 hours of fungal culture with 8.28 UA510 of red pigment. The pH range remained from 5.45 to 6.23 favoring the release of red pigment in the medium. This study shows the feasibility of the production of natural pigments by Monascus ruber in a bioreactor using a co-product of biodiesel without previous treatment as a substrate.


The article aims to introduce new finds of the Late Bronze Age from Mokhnach П settlement site at the Sіverskyi Donets river.
Two archaeological object (pits 27 and 40) can be dated back to the Late Bronze Age. Finds are presented mostly by pottery sherds (31 units) discovered mostly in the excavation pit 1.
The research program of the pottery assemblage includes account of its planographic distribution, distribution due to the type of sherds, analysis of shape, ornamentation, size, surface finishing, plastic raw material and paste recipes of vessels. Morphological and ornamentation classifications were built on the basis of the scheme developed on materials of Mosolovka site and the settlements of middle flew of Sіverskyi Donets river. Research of the plastic raw material and paste recipes was conducted using visual microscopic analysis, abridged MGR-analysis and thin-section analysis.
Pottery assemblage includes 4 % of the total number of fragments discovered during excavations. Five pottery forms were identified: restricted and unrestricted jars, pot-like vessels, pots and ribbed vessels. Orifice diameters of jars, pot-like vessels and pots vary from 38.0 to 21.5 cm. Ribbed vessels on average are smaller than mentioned types and form to groups by size (with orifice diameters of 25 and 15—16 cm).
Three techniques and nine elements of ornamentation were identified. Make-up of both surfaces prevails, fine-toothed comb treatment and coarse-toothed comb treatment of Pokrovka type are also presented.
Two pottery fabrics can be distinguished in the assemblage with the naked eye. Five pottery samples were selected for purposes of technological analysis. Observations were conducted using the microscope on cross-cuts and fresh breaks of sherds before and after re-firing. Consequently two groups by features of plastic raw material and two paste recipes were identified. Both paste recipes include grog as an intentional addition.
Due to method of the abridged Matrix Group by Refiring (MGR) analysis the samples were re-fired in controlled conditions up to from 1100 to 1200 °C. The results showed the identity of the matrix of all samples — non-calcareous, slightly over-melted (sovM). Their local production is suggested. The thin-section analysis allowed to clarify technological features of the samples with raw material type 1, paste type 1.
Analyzed ceramic materials present traditions of the Wood-framed Graves entity. They mark new settlement site of the developed stage of the Wood-framed Graves entity and can be dated back to XVII—XVІ BC.
Small size of the ceramic assemblage restricts its informative capacity. The importance of the research lies in testing the program of complex analysis of ceramic assemblages.


In this paper, we report the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. isolate H28, isolated from the sediments of Meycauayan River, Philippines. This species exhibits production of melanin as well as the ability to utilize and degrade both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). ABSTRACT In this paper, we report the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. isolate H28, isolated from sediments of the Meycauayan River in the Philippines. This species exhibits production of melanin as well as the ability to utilize and degrade both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE).


This study aims toanalyze student learning activities using wordwall-based learning media, this research was carried out at PGRI Pekanbaru High School in class X social studies. This study used an experimental approach with  the One Group Pretest Posttest Design model. Data obtained through data on student learning activities were obtained through questionnaires while the use of wordwall learning media data was obtained through observation and analyzed using t-tests and n-gains. The results showed that the use of wordwall learning media was effective in increasing student learning activities. Thus, it is hoped that teachers so that student learning activities are better, they can use this learning media, especially in economics in high school and for subsequent researchers to also be able to conduct the same studies with different subjects.


Catecholaminergic neurons are affected in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first, rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. We report a knockin mouse expressing Cre‐recombinase from the 3′‐untranslated region of the endogenous Th gene by means of an internal ribosomal entry sequence (IRES). The resulting Cre expression matches the normal pattern of TH expression, while the pattern and level of TH are not altered in the knockin mouse. Crossings with two different LacZ reporter mice demonstrated Cre‐mediated genomic recombination in TH expressing tissues. In addition, LacZ was found in some unexpected cell populations (including oocytes), indicating recombination due to transient developmental TH expression. Our novel knockin mouse can be used for generation of tissue‐specific or general knockouts (depending on scheme of crossing) in mice carrying genes flanked by loxP sites. This knockin mouse can also be used for tracing cell lineages expressing TH during development. genesis 40:67–73, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Biosensing systems containing micro- and nano-diameter pores on a Si substrate can detect and discriminate biomolecules with different molecular volumes from the changes in ionic current passing through the pores. Pattern recognition using machine learning to analyze a large number of ionic current-time profiles allows us to discriminate bacteria with similar molecular volumes.


Objective No studies to date have focused on the safety of coloanal/ileoanal anastomosis (CAIAA) in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC), which is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. We herein present the outcomes of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) who underwent CAIAA. Methods We evaluated the prospectively collected data from 20 patients with PC who underwent CRS + HIPEC with respect to the primary disease, synchronous resections, intraoperative chemotherapy regimen, timing of protective ileostomy closure, and overall postoperative complications. Results Most patients underwent CRS + HIPEC and CAIAA for PC due to colorectal cancer. Coloanal anastomosis was performed in 15 (75%) patients, and J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis was performed in 5 (25%) patients. No anastomosis-related complications occurred in any patients who underwent CAIAA; however, one patient died of pulmonary embolism on postoperative day 7. Conclusions CAIAA is associated with serious complications even after performing benign colorectal surgery. However, it may be challenging for surgeons to simultaneously perform CAIAA in patients with PC who undergo CRS + HIPEC. We emphasize that this procedure can be safely performed with experienced surgical teams by using a multidisciplinary approach.


The blooms of Cyanobacteria are frequently found in reservoir used to supply public, because of eutrophication process. In this study, there were eight samples of water from July to November 2006, with the goal of studying the dynamic of the phytoplankton community with emphasis on Cyano bacteriain Carpina-PE reservoir. To floristic survey, they were collected living samples and samples preserved with in 2% formalin, using plankton net with mesh opening of 25μm. While, for the quantitative analysis, the samples were collected with bottles of wide mouth, preserved with formalin (2%), and examined in Utermohl chambers of 5mL. The Analyses phytoplanktonic were performed on inverted microscopy. Were identified 21 taxa distributed from the following divisions: Cyanobacteria (10spp.), Chlorophyta (6spp.), Chrysophyta (4spp.) e Euglenophyta (1spp). Amongst these 71.43% showed with a large frequence, where Cyanobacteria appeared the most conspicuous along study. As for the density, every samples presented values over 100.000 cel.mL-1. According with OMS, the environment find out in alert level 2, indicating a high risk to human health.


The present article addresses the reflection on the difficulties and challenges that will surge in the construction of territorial peace in Colombia, in view of the growing socio-political violence against social leaders and human rights defenders, in the period after the signing of the Peace Treaty between FARC and the government of Juan Manuel Santos. For this, some of the factors that account for the systematic nature of the commission of these events are addressed, from the analysis of the dynamics of the local powers that contribute to crime and the violation of the rights of those who perform the exercise of defense of these; to subsequently reflect on the growing political and social polarization that promotes, through incitement to hatred and persecution against political opponents, the use of violence and the permanence of institutional and irregular practices linked to the doctrine of the "internal enemy".


In this paper, we present one simplify underwater image restoration model combined with Total variation (TV) regularized Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm. Poor visibility in the sea and the variations in the illumination, viewpoints, etc., have been comprehensively taken into consideration for image restoration. An adaptive image restoration strategy by Improvement signal-to-noise ratio (ISNR) is then made full use of to undertake the underwater image restoration. A non-reference restored image quality evaluation criterion called relative gray mean grads (RGMG) is defined on the basis of other evaluation criterion called gray mean grads (GMG). It is shown in the simulation experiment that the proposed approach could achieve great performances in both robustness and effectiveness, with good behaviors in the vision effects and matching precision for the underwater images.


The Hon Justice James Allsop presented a paper at the 'Working with Statues' Conference by the New South Wales Bar Association and the Australian Bar Association in Sydney on 18-19 March 2005. He spoke about the notion of context which can be seen as pre-enactment and enactment history.


We report recent progress in InP/InGaAsP traveling wave electroabsorption modulator substantially exceeding 45 GHz modulation bandwidth. Large-signal and small-signal measurements indicate a potential for 40 Gbit/s or higher at 1.55 mum with low drive voltage


Waste is a problem in environment and society that has never been resolved. One of the triggers for waste is the use of disposable product packaging. Reducing single-use waste by reusing it will impact reducing waste generation so that the city becomes clean. Reuse of waste by making it the basic material for an innovative product will add value to waste to no longer pollute the environment. The existence of the Kampung Sayur program in Brontokusuman has made waste no longer underestimated. The location of Brontokusuman in the middle of a densely populated city is an obstacle in implementing "the vegetable village" program so that the need for community empowerment in managing waste wisely. The community empowerment program implemented in Brontokusuman aims to provide education to the community in managing waste. organic and non-organic wisely.Therefore, the training of vertical garden was conducted to support that program


In this article on vascular repair, DeBakey noted that tubes made of Vitallium (an alloy of cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum
 developed in 1932) could be used as a graft for arterial repair. Within a few years, he and others would successfully use
 homografts and then Dacron fabric grafts instead. (Vitallium is still used for artificial joints and in dentistry, for its
 resistance to corrosion.)


Purpose: To identify the strategies and interventions U.S. health systems implemented to reduce burnout and increase employee well-being during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A concurrent design included a scoping review of published literature on burnout interventions implemented for healthcare workers during COVID-19 and expert interviews with healthcare administrators involved in COVID-19 burnout response efforts (N = 5). Scoping review protocols included a-priori inclusion criteria, search terms, database selection, and data abstraction (N = 21 articles). Results: The scoping review identified eight types of interventions; spanning individual, organizational, and community systems. Qualitative data supported scoping review findings and uncovered themes related to communication, role shifting, and wellness initiatives as forms of burnout prevention and reduction. Conclusion: As COVID-19 continues, so too will worker stress, burden, and burnout. Health systems worked quickly and creatively to address the needs of the frontline healthcare workforce, yet more work is needed to sustain efforts over time. Keywords: workforce burnout, burnout prevention, front-line workforce, COVID-19, scoping review, burnout interventions


The yeast membrane protein Kex2p uses a tyrosine-containing motif within the cytoplasmic domain for localization to a late Golgi compartment. Because Golgi membrane proteins mislocalized to the plasma membrane in yeast can undergo endocytosis, we examined whether the Golgi localization sequence or other sequences in the Kex2p cytoplasmic domain mediate endocytosis. To assess endocytic function, the Kex2p cytoplasmic domain was fused to an endocyto-sis-defective form of the a-factor receptor, Ste2p. Like intact Ste2p, the chimeric protein, Stex22p, undergoes rapid endocytosis that is dependent on clathrin and End3p. Uptake of Stex22p does not require the Kex2p Golgi localization motif. Instead, the sequence NPFSD, located 37 amino acids from the COOH terminus, is essential for Stex22p endocytosis. Internalization was abolished when the N, P, or F residues were converted to alanine and severely impaired upon conversion of D to A. NPFSD restored uptake when added to the COOH terminus of an endocytosis-defective Ste2p chi-mera lacking lysine-based endocytosis signals present in wild-type Ste2p. An NPF sequence is present in the cytoplasmic domain of the a-factor receptor, Ste3p. Mutation of this sequence prevented pheromone-stimulated endocytosis of a truncated form of Ste3p. Our results identify NPFSD as a clathrin-dependent en-docytosis signal that is distinct from the aromatic amino acid-containing Golgi localization motif and lysine-based, ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis signals in yeast. C LATHRIN-mediated endocytosis of plasma membrane receptors promotes the rapid and efficient uptake of receptor-bound ligands, typically nutrients and signaling molecules important for cell growth and differentiation. Plasma membrane proteins subject to efficient endocytosis contain specific, cytoplasmically disposed amino acid sequences that are necessary for uptake (for review see Trowbridge et al., 1993). Such endocytic targeting signals often contain an aromatic amino acid (tyrosine or phenylalanine) and serve to direct proteins into clathrin-coated pits. The critical importance of aromatic amino acids in the targeting sequences has been established by mu-tational studies (for review see Trowbridge et al., 1993). For example, mutation of tyrosine 807 in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 1 receptor disrupts clathrin-coated pit localization and thereby prevents uptake from the plasma membrane (Davis et al., 1986, 1987). Furthermore, introduction of a single tyrosine into the cytoplasmic domain of 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: CHC, clathrin heavy chain; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M6PR, mannose-6-phosphate receptor. the influenza hemagglutinin protein dramatically increases the efficiency of internalization via clathfin-coated pits (Laz-arovits and Roth, 1988). In addition to the aromatic amino acid-containing motifs, there are also endocytic targeting signals …


The UK's business R&D (BERD) to GDP ratio is low compared to other leading economies, and the ratio has slowly declined over the 1990s. This paper uses firm-level data to analyse the link between R&D and productivity over the 1989-2000 period. Using a production function approach, and a sample of up to 719 firms, various different samples and estimators are used to assess the elasticity and rate of return of R&D. The results indicate that UK returns to R&D in manufacturing are slightly lower than in other leading economies. There is some evidence that non-manufacturing firms have slightly higher returns to R&D. Furthermore, the returns to R&D have been relatively stable over the 1990s. In aggregate, the results suggest that the low BERD to GDP ratio in the UK is unlikely to be due to direct financial or human capital constraints (as these would imply finding relatively high rates of return). Instead, the low BERD to GDP ratio appears to reflect low (perceived) opportunities by firms and the inability of firms to manage R&D to generate value.


The amount of precipitation forms a varied climate type in various zones of the earth's surface. The purpose of the research is the consideration of the cause, nature, as well as the long-term forecast of precipitation as one of the environmental aspects affecting climate change. Modern analysis determined the factors affecting the distribution of precipitation on the surface of the Earth within the borders of the Volgograd region. Literary materials, data of meteorological stations, research results and observations were used. As a result of the work, the regularity of the cyclicity of precipitation was established on the basis of perennial observations by meteorological stations and is given by the forecast forecast algorithm for the prospect. Several characteristic areas on the trend were identified: periods from 1955 to 1973 (transition cycle), from 1910 to 1951 and from 1973 to 2008 (sharply pronounced cyclic precipitation processes). The main reasons affecting precipitation are determined, this is the state of the lower layers of the atmosphere and the location of the territory Analysis of the trend of falling precipitation indicates the presence of synchronization, periodicity and cyclicity of processes. The forecast of precipitation allows you to simulate river regimes, including the risks of floods, minimizing social and economic losses.


Recent powerful vision classifiers are biased towards textures, while shape information is overlooked by the models. A simple attempt by augmenting training images using the artistic style transfer method, called Stylized ImageNet, can reduce the texture bias. However, Stylized ImageNet approach has two drawbacks in fidelity and diversity. First, the generated images show low image quality due to the significant semantic gap betweeen natural images and artistic paintings. Also, Stylized ImageNet training samples are pre-computed before training, resulting in showing the lack of diversity for each sample. We propose a StyleAugment by augmenting styles from the mini-batch. StyleAugment does not rely on the pre-defined style references, but generates augmented images on-the-fly by natural images in the mini-batch for the references. Hence, StyleAugment let the model observe abundant confounding cues for each image by on-the-fly the augmentation strategy, while the augmented images are more realistic than artistic style transferred images. We validate the effectiveness of StyleAugment in the ImageNet dataset with robustness benchmarks, such as texture de-biased accuracy, corruption robustness, natural adversarial samples, and occlusion robustness. StyleAugment shows better generalization performances than previous unsupervised de-biasing methods and state-of-the-art data augmentation methods in our experiments.


In response to federal law, which requires hospices to provide end-of-life care in an interdisciplinary team format, most hospices conduct team meetings to coordinate holistic plans of care for patients. The goal of this study was to uncover the structural characteristics of hospice interdisciplinary team meetings and learn more about common practices among hospice organizations. A total of 191 hospice agencies participated in a semi-structured phone survey regarding interdisciplinary team practices. The study found that not all hospices are fulfilling federally regulated requirements. Although the average hospice interdisciplinary team meeting is held once a week, lasts 1 to 2 hours, and consists of 10 to 20 people, this study reveals variation within the number and types of disciplines participating in interdisciplinary team meetings. Suggestions for future action are provided.


Significance A surprising result of the 20th century is that the classification problem for four-dimensional spaces called smooth 4-manifolds is more subtle and difficult than the analogous problem for both lower- and higher-dimensional spaces. Classifying 4-manifolds is intimately connected to the study of surfaces embedded therein. This article proves results and proposes conjectures relating such surfaces in 4-manifolds to three-dimensional geometric structures called contact structures. We conjecture a four-dimensional characterization of tightness: A contact structure on a 3-manifold Y is tight if and only if a slice-Bennequin inequality holds for smoothly embedded surfaces in Y×[0,1]. An affirmative answer to our conjecture would imply an analogue of the Milnor conjecture for torus knots: If a fibered link L induces a tight contact structure on Y, then its fiber surface maximizes the Euler characteristic among all surfaces in Y×[0,1] with boundary L. We provide evidence for both conjectures by proving them for contact structures with nonvanishing Ozsváth–Szabó contact invariant.


An original model of minimizing barriers in intercultural communication is proposed. The author analyzes a systematic solution to the problem of achieving mutual understanding by subjects of interaction in a contradictory global world and as a basis for strategic modeling of effective communication in the field of international communication.


It relates to a display apparatus and its optically compensating method of the present invention. The optical compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of displaying a test image; Display a first region, second region and third and divided into areas, the first and second regions a first recording data and the second recording by respectively taking the region including the region and the second and third region including the obtaining data; The step of extracting the first data and the luminance of the second area from a first recording data, and extracts the second and luminance data of the third region from the second recording data; With respect to the luminance data of the second area extracting be superimposed, the first brightness data of the second region extracted from the photographed image data and the second giving different weights to the luminance data of the second region extracted from the photographed image data by a correction of the generating a pixel by the luminance data from the luminance data and the luminance data of the third region of the luminance data, the corrected second area of the first area;: a first step of calculating the luminance data of the second region Generating a pixel-specific correction parameters from the per-pixel luminance data; Storing the pixel-specific correction parameters; And correcting the pixel brightness by using the pixel-specific correction parameters; and a.


The author of the Caitanya Bhagavata, Vrndavana Dasa, never questioned the divinity of Krsna-Caitanya, but he was clearly troubled by some of its theological, if not practical, implications. In the form of a brahman, later turned ascetic, Caitanya as a man was the model devotee; he instructed people in the proper dharma of the age by demonstrating the bhakti devotion which was appropriate for the time and place. Concurrently, to those fortunate enough to see it, Caitanya was the Lord himself: Svayam Bhagavan. In spite of the plethora of mythological precedents, Vrndavana Dasa felt that these two roles could not be taken for granted, that the auditor of his text was entitled to know how Caitanya could function as both Lord and devotee. Perhaps, if we speculate, the apparent dilemma and judging from Vrndavana Dasa's elaborate explanations, it was most definitely a dilemma was simply that Caitanya as a devotee must demonstrate love for himself as Lord. Given the na-


The three steps strategy or Trias Ecologica has been a commonly accepted guideline for sustainable building. Despite 20 years of use, the Trias has not brought the built environment to the desired sustainable state. Time for an update? Although not original in all of its contents, 'Cradle to Cradle' (C2C) is a fresh wind blowing through the building industry in various countries. The C2C philosophy can be converted most clearly to materials and products. Nevertheless and more importantly, it can also be good basis for sustainable projects on a larger scale, such as buildings and districts. In these cases energy, water and material cycles can be closed through interconnected loops. The paper discusses a new strategy of steps inspired by Cradle to Cradle, which will replace the Trias Ecologica as a more effective means toward sustainability. This will be exemplified through discussion of the approach and solutions for the C2C project of Park2020, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.


Citriodora A, 3β,25-dihydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-oxocucurbita-(23E)-en-19-al, a new triterpenoid, has been isolated from the roots of Eucalyptus citriodora, together with five known analogues, which were reported for the first time from this plant. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies including mass spectroscopy and extensive 2D NMR. All components were tested for anticancer cytotoxic activity against osseous tumour cell line.


Abstract A method is described for separation of oxytetracycline and its related substances by capillary electrophoresis. Oxytetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic obtained by biosynthesis. Main related substances are 4-epioxytetracycline, α-apooxytetracycline, β-apooxytetracycline, anhydrooxytetra-cycline, 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamidooxytetracycline, tetracycline, 4-epitetracycline and terrinolide. Method development was undertaken with a mixture consisting of oxytetracycline and its related substances mentioned. Using an uncoated fused silica capillary, the influence of buffer pH and its concentration was systematically investigated. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 was added to the running buffer for improving separation selectivity. Quantitative data are reported and compared with those of liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis.


Periprosthetic fractures of the femur are a challenging problem. Especially in geriatric, frail patients the development of complications has a large effect on health. Due to increased numbers of performed total hip arthroplasties and the longer life-expectancy, the incidence of these fractures is expected to rise. The incidence of periprosthetic fractures in The Netherlands was estimated, using data of Dutch hospital admissions. A questionnaire on periprosthetic fracture treatment by Dutch orthopaedic surgeons revealed a diversity of preferred treatment strategies. A large clinical retrospective study demonstrated high complication rates and re-operations leading to increased morbidity and mortality. A clinical outcome score was used to evaluate function. An operative treatment alternative in frail patients is the Bridging nail. This intramedullary nail offers connectivity between the stem of the prosthesis. It provides femoral stability at weight bearing loads, evaluated by laboratory testing. The clinical follow up showed consolidation of all periprosthetic fractures. Normal fracture healing and no adverse corrosion effects were seen in a histological retrieval case-study. A number of patients showed advantages of early ambulation and from the less invasive procedure in the treatment of fractures below intramedullary nails. The Bridging nail can serve as a treatment in frail periprosthetic fracture patients.


Based on practice and borrowing the aesthetic concepts about elegant lines put forward by William Hecase,one of the most outstanding artists both in theory and practice,this paper makes a theoretical study on how to design and utilize elegant lines in designing costume constitution in ways as to make the design of costume style and constitution artistic.


Measurements of the optical properties of liquid water were extended in the vacuum ultraviolet up to an energy of 25.6 eV. The indices of refraction and dielectric functions were obtained by a Kramers‐Kronig analysis using reflectances measured in this study between 7.6 and 25.6 eV and reflectances from the literature below 7.6 eV. Our interpretation of the prominent peak in the energy loss function at about 21 eV is that it represents a collective electronic oscillation.


People who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine have high prevalences of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV). Since the turn of the century, various organizations have funded non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in Ukraine to provide PWID with needles and syringes, condoms, HIV and HCV testing, and improve linkage to opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and HIV treatment. We investigated whether contact with these NGOs was associated with improved HIV prevention and treatment outcomes among PWID.


Introduction: This paper aims to analyse D2C (direct to consumer) e-commerce strategy used by businesses or companies to sell to end-consumers directly during Covid-19 in organized retail.
Background: The pandemic has fuelled an explosion in online shopping, yet too many brands are only along for the ride, relying on their retail partners to share glimpses of first-party data that show past demand rather than a clear and predictive road map to future growth. The roots of direct marketing date back to trade catalogues, among the first tools of direct marketing.
Methods: Existing literature on COVID-19 was analysed through secondary information to identify an explosion of D2C (direct to consumer) brands globally and India and its effect on business and commerce.
Conclusion: D2C is becoming the strongest weapon of the businesses against counterfeiters and growing their brand equity at the same time.


3He is a perfect fuel for nuclear fusion, however, the amount of 3He on the earth is very limited, only around 500 kg. Here, we report that small amount of deuterium and helium can be produced during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water catalyzed by Pt-graphene sensitized with Br-dye under visible light irradiation. This work raises a mild route to generate deuterium (D2) and helium (He) from proton in the water under very mild conditions.


Many trainees will be familiar with the first edition of this book, published eight years ago. The format remains unchanged, opening with an overview of the relevance of research to trainees and then going on to explore generic skills including literature searching, appraisal of research and audit, before turning to the practicalities of formal postgraduate research training. The editors have considerable experience in supervising and examining research undertaken by medical trainees and have, therefore, been successful in making the content particularly relevant to this audience. The senior authors have largely remained the same; however, a fresh approach has been achieved with many chapters being co-authored by a current, or recent, trainee. Several books are available which aim to give an introduction to research methodology, but the strength of this publication is that it is targeted at a clinically trained audience instead of science postgraduates. The authors use examples mostly from obstetrics and gynaecology, but the content would be accessible and relevant to trainees in other specialties, as well as allied health professionals. The general trainee will find a useful overview of basic statistics and research methodology, providing a structured approach to critical appraisal of research publications necessary for both clinical and examination purposes. Chapters discussing basic computer skills, literature searching and audit are all presented in a clear, easy to read format and are well referenced. I would particularly recommend this book to trainees considering a period of formal research training. There are discussions about the practical aspects of animal research, clinical trials and laboratory projects, as well as an overview of the process of completing a postgraduate research project including applying for funding, ethical permission, supervision and presenting data as an oral communication, scientific paper or thesis. The collation of this information, which is otherwise difficult to access, provides an invaluable resource for aspiring clinical academics. This second edition is timely, given the recent implementation of Modernising Medical Careers, and there is discussion about the implications it has for trainees considering academic training. Important legislative changes are also outlined, including the relevant aspects of the 2004 Human Tissue Act and the centralization of research ethics committees. Given the current political enthusiasm for promoting clinical academic careers, it would have been interesting to include some information about career options after completion of a research degree. It would also have been useful to present an overview of the differences between research organization within the NHS and higher education, and the extent to which they complement each other. In summary, the book is well organized, easy to read and provides general trainees with a practical appreciation of the relevance of research to clinical training. In my view, it is essential reading for trainees who are considering, or starting, a period of academic research.


The invention discloses a method for separating hydrocarbon from oil-containing rock. According to an embodiment scheme, the method includes following steps: mixing oil sand with a water-based electrically-conductive surfactant blend to obtain a mixture, enabling the mixture to be subjected to thermal radiation or micro-wave radiation with a frequency being 2.54 GHz, extracting trapped hydrocarbon into the water-based electrically-conductive surfactant blend in one minute, and separating the hydrocarbon from the water-based electrically-conductive surfactant in a manner of density liquid-phase separation.


Most current writers on strategic control, whether from the rational planning or processual schools, agree on the importance of dialogue and debate between the interested parties to the control process. This is particularly so when strategic control is regarded in a 'warning bell' sense, responding to a signal that all is not going according to plan, rather than as a behavioural constraint or as an element of agency theory practice. This paper advances a normative framework for ensuring the effectiveness of such discussions based on Bird's notion of a 'good conversation'. Bird argued that the discussion of business ethical problems should be vocal, reciprocating, issues-oriented, rational, imaginative, and honest. It is argued here that these characteristics should also apply to the discussions within the strategic control process if the process is not to be dysfunctional. Copyright 1996 Basil Blackwell Ltd.


Fiber sensors are being proposed for the measurement of diverse environmental parameters. In this paper we are proposing the use of fiber sensors in the monitoring of the pressure in the o-ring of the Space Shuttle boosters. Both single fiber and interferometric systems are presented. The measurement of both pressure and temperature will be discussed, and novel techniques for measuring these quantities independently will be presented. Theoretical analysis and experimental results will be compared. Both multi-wavelength and heterodyning methods are going to be introduced and tested. Sensitivity and dynamic range of the system will be analyzed.


I have worked as an academic orthopaedic surgeon for more than 15 years. However, during one of my career reorganisations about five years ago I somehow lost my operating lists and outpatient clinics. Nobody seemed to mind much, and I felt I was probably doing everyone else a favour, particularly as there was such an unholy battle for operating lists in the hospital at the time. I continued to see patients in the emergency department when I was teaching students. I did medical reports and soldiered away writing textbooks. Then last year, at my appraisal, I decided that I should return to full orthopaedic surgical practice, both for my own professional satisfaction and so that I could explore the practicalities of retraining surgeons who had not been operating for whatever reason or who had been suspended by the General Medical Council (GMC).

It was clear to me that the quickest way to become competent in surgery again was to concentrate on retraining in a limited range of simple operations. I needed to find a busy unit which would accept me, but I also needed to be careful not …


This study discusses a role of functional morphemes in Korean categorial grammars, providing the reviews of various types of Korean categorial grammars that have never been conducted so far, notwithstanding many previous studies on them. Previous work has presented different morphological segmentation because of Korean's agglutinative characteristics, implying that Korean words may contain a different segmentation sequence of morphemes. We focus on functional morphemes in Korean categorial grammars, which have been explored in different ways by previous work. We present detailed analyses for postpositions and verbal endings in categorial grammars, insisting that the functional morphemes in Korean should be treated as part of a word, with the result that their categories do not require to be assigned individually in a syntactic level, and also that it would be more efficient to assign the syntactic categories on the fully inflected lexical word derived by the lexical rule of the morphological processes in the lexicon.


Although cancer patients frequently report cognitive disturbances, it is commonly asserted a lack of association between cognitive complaints and neuropsychological test performances. Our goal was to better understand the relationships between subjective and objective cognitive scores through a metamemory monitoring assessment.


Fermi level pinning at metal/semiconductor interfaces forbids a total control over the Schottky barrier height. 2D materials may be an interesting route to circumvent this problem. As they weakly interact with their substrate through Van der Waals forces, deposition of 2D materials avoids the formation of the large density of state at the semiconductor interface often responsible for Fermi level pinning. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to alleviate Fermi-level pinning and reduce the Schottky barrier height by the association of surface passivation of germanium with the deposition of 2D graphene.


A Monte Carlo microwave emission model for calculating the brightness temperature from a vegetative medium is presented in this paper. The vegetation is modelled as a two layer random medium: the top layer contains discrete dielectric scatterers while the bottom layer is a half-space with a rough interface representing the ground. The leaves, stalks and trunks in the vegetation are approximated as disks, small needles and vertical cylinders with suitable complex dielectric constants. The ground is modelled as a Kirchhoff rough surface based on the stationary-phase approximation. Effects of various physical and geometrical parameters such as dielectric constants, volume fractions, sizes and orientation distributions of the scatterers are studied. It is found that (i) at low frequency, the surface emission is dominant, (ii) as frequency increases, the effect of the layer of scatterers determine the trends of the brightness temperature, and (iii) higher order multiple scattering effects should be included, e...


A new kind of seismic base isolator, referred to as Variable Friction Systems (VFS), has recently been introduced. Preliminary numerical studies have shown that these newly proposed systems are potentially capable of high seismic performance. This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation conducted in OpenSees on a case study structure isolated via VFS and subjected to a suite of real ground motions with different characteristics and intensities. The results of the nonlinear time history analyses are discussed in detail, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of the behavior of VFS, possibly validating the current knowledge status. Considerations on research needs and future development are also provided. Graduate Student Researcher, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Eleventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Integrating Science, Engineering & Policy June 25-29, 2018 Los Angeles, California Numerical Implementation and investigation of Variable Friction Sliding


Economic and social change is accelerating under the twin impact of globalisation and the new information technologies. This book addresses questions of change with particular reference to the European Union, which has made the development of a socially cohesive, knowledge-based economy its central task for the present decade.


Credit cards offered significant advantages over all forms of money: they're pocket size, easily portable, relatively secure and have no intrinsic value themselves. However, payment fraud is an ideal use case for machine learning algorithms and has a long track record of successful use. Machine learning has just been invented, or just been applied to payments fraud for the first time. This paper focuses on the main function of the feature selection in supervised model. The methods used to support the topic are neural net, boosted tree, random forest etc. and the material is credit card transaction data. The conclusion of the research is that banks should deny about 3% clients for balance the profits and loss of goods. A month was spent doing this research with the author's partners and professor for getting the results as accurate as possible.


An investigation was conducted to study, the status of cadmium and silicon in rice soils from different agro-climatic zones of Karnataka, variation among rice genotypes in cadmium uptake as influenced by silicon application in soil and the effect of silicon and cadmium on growth, yield and uptake in rice and availability in soil. The study revealed that the DTPA extractable cadmium in paddy soil in the eight zones surveyed ranged between 0.006 to 0.088 ppm. Under the influence of silicon, cadmium effect on growth inhibition, shoot cadmium content, and translocation factor was reduced to the maximum extent in IR38064 than in the genotype KRH-2. The cadmium accumulated in the roots of the plants treated with both silicon and cadmium was higher than that in roots of the plants treated with cadmium alone. The translocation factor of cadmium in rice decreased with the application of silicon in soil. The uptake of cadmium by rice in the pots maintained under field capacity moisture regime was significantly lower than under submergence. The cadmium availability in submergence was observed to be decreased with the increase in pH of the soil brought about by the application of silicon. The availability and uptake of silicon in soil was increased under submergence.


Objective: To investigate the effect of increasing load exercise on the improvement of children's cardiopulmonary
function.Methods: 80 students from a primary school were selected as experimental subjects and randomly divided into two
groups, namely control group (40) for routine exercise training, and experimental group (40) for increasing load exercise training.
After training for 6 months, the scores of heart function and lung function of the two groups of students were compared.Results:
Before training, there was no significant difference in each index of heart function between the two groups (P>0.05).After 6
months of follow-up training and observation, the results showed that the heart function index of the experimental group students
was significantly better than the control group, the difference of data comparison was statistically significant (P0.05);The difference of lung function
in the experimental group was statistically significant (P


A particle verb is composed of a verb and one or two particles(preposition or spatial adverb).It behaves as a single unit and expresses an inseparable concept.The traditional linguistic study mainly concentrates on its syntactic behavior.By comparison,cognitive linguistic study has contributed more to the revealing of its semantics and syntaxes.Based on the tenets of cognitive semantics,this thesis tends to look deeper into the process of semantic formation of particle verbs by analyzing the particle verbs with "up".By analyzing the whole meaning of the particle verbs and the interaction between the two components,we can maintain some implications to the teaching of particle verbs.


A semiconductor device obtained by encapsulating a semiconductor element with a thermosetting resin composition comprising a thermosetting resin (Component I) and a hardener (Component II) having the following components III and IV incorporated therein. The semiconductor device is thus provided with a high heat resistance at infrared reflow step and a high flame retardance, showing a drastically enhanced reliability. (III) A metal hydroxide represented by the following general formula (1):n(MaOb).cH2O (1)wherein M represents a metallic element; a, b and c each represents a positive number; and n represents a positive number of 1 or more, with the proviso that when MaOb is repeated, the plurality of M's may be the same or different and that a and b may be the same or different; and (IV) a metal oxide represented by the following general formula (2):n'(QdOe)(2)wherein Q represents a metallic element belonging to the group selected from the group consisting of Groups IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa, VIII, Ib and IIb in the Periodic Table; d and e each represents a positive number; and n' represents a positive number of 1 or more, with the proviso that when QdOe is repeated, the plurality of Q's may be the same or different and that d and e may be the same or different.


The Giotto Ion Mass Spectrometer (IMS) consists of two sensors: one optimized for the outer and the other for the inner coma, with each obtaining complementary information in the region for which it is not optimized. The outer coma is characterized by the interaction between solar wind and comentary plasmas, the inner coma by the outflow of cometary neutrals and their ionization products. Both sensors feature mass imaging characteristics, permitting simultaneous measurements of several ion species by multidetector arrays. Resultant mass-per-charge resolution is greater than or = 20. Energy per charge, and the elevation and aximuth of incident ions are measured. Calibration and in-flight solar-wind data show that the IMS will meet its scientific goals for the Halley encounter.


SIRT2 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that deacetylates a diverse array of protein substrates and is involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inflammation. However, its precise role in the inflammatory process has not completely been elucidated. Here, we identify heat‐shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) as novel substrate of SIRT2. Functional investigation suggests that Hsp90 is deacetylated by SIRT2, such that overexpression and knock‐down of SIRT2 altered the acetylation level of Hsp90. This subsequently resulted in disassociation of Hsp90 with glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and translocation of GR to the nucleus. This observation was further confirmed by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)‐driven reporter assay. Nuclear translocation of GR induced by SIRT2 overexpression repressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were even more prominent under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, SIRT2 knock‐down resulted in the up‐regulation of cytokine expression. Mutation analysis indicated that deacetylation of Hsp90 at K294 is critical for SIRT2‐mediated regulation of cytokine expression. These data suggest that SIRT2 reduces the extent of LPS‐induced inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors via SIRT2‐Hsp90‐GR axis.


A thermoplastic vulcanizate prepared by a process comprising the step of dynamically vulcanizing a vulcanizable rubber contained in a blend that includes the rubber and a branched thermoplastic resin of each long, in which said branched thermoplastic resin long chain is (i) a polymer of a C3-6 .alpha.-olefin, (ii) a copolymer of an -olefin C3- 6 and a, U-diene or (iii) a mixture thereof, wherein the branched long chain thermoplastic resin it is characterized by a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 600,000, a number average molecular weight of 40,000 to


The urban administrative borough's demarcation will influence the space structure layout of the city,as well as the allotment of the urban economic factors.It will influence the developments of various urban social affairs.This paper discusses a policy to carry on a study with the relation of some social businesses to the city administrative area.


Abstract The structure of zeolite SSZ‐43 was determined by 3D electron diffraction, synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The SSZ‐43 framework forms one‐dimensional, sinusoidal 12‐ring channels from 5461 butterfly units commonly found in other zeolites, but with unique 6.5×6.5 Å apertures and 12‐ring 6.5×8.9 Å windows perpendicular to the channels. SSZ‐43 crystals are intergrowths of two polytypes: ≈90 % orthorhombic polytype A with ABAB stacking of the 12‐rings, and ≈10 % monoclinic polytype B with ABCABC stacking. Molecular modeling performed on the idealized Si‐SSZ‐43 structure along with empirical relationships for zeolite selectivity in boron‐ and aluminum‐containing synthesis gels were used in a combined approach to design new di‐quaternary ammonium organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs). Experimental trials demonstrated that the new OSDAs produced SSZ‐43 over a broader range of compositions than previous mono‐quaternary OSDAs.


Abstract To determine whether feeding cows protected-tallow supplement influences reliability of analyses of milk composition by the infrared method, we measured fat, protein, and lactose in milk produced by three groups of seven Holstein cows fed supplement at 0 (basal), 15% (medium), and 30% (high) of their ration for the first 15 wk postpartum. Samples from individual milkings were collected every 3 wk from cows in each group. Reference methods for the Infrared Milk Analyzer were Babcock test for fat, Udy dye-binding for protein, and a polarimetric method for lactose. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The differences, reference method minus infrared, for cows in the basal, medium, and high groups were: for fat −.01, .29, and .30%; for protein, .08, −.02 and .03%; and for lactose .05, .25, and .21%. For cows in the medium and high groups, differences for fat were correlated with the mean molecular weight of the triglyceride fatty acids. Cows in all three groups were switched over to a common ration for wk 16 to 20, and the sampling schedule was modified so that two samples were collected from each cow at a 2-wk interval. Differences on this ration for cows in the basal, medium, and high groups were: fat −.05, .03, and .01%; for protein .03, .05, and .06%; and for lactose .12, .15, and .10%. Differences for fat and lactose when the cows were fed protected-tallow supplement were attributable largely to feeding the supplement and the resulting change in fatty acid composition of the milk fat. To avoid errors in measuring fat and lactose in milk from cows fed protected-tallow supplement by infrared analysis, the instrument must be calibrated specially.