TARIFFS HAVE EVOLVED AS A MEANS TO MOVE FREIGHT TRAFFIC; THEY ARE AS DIVERSE AS ALL THE SHIPPERS WHO HAVE WORKED ON THEM. DISTANCE RELATED TARIFFS, "CLASS RATES", "COLUMN COMMODITY RATES" AND "MILEAGE RATES" ARE AN AREA WHERE SIMPLIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION MAY BEGIN WITH A MINIMUM OF DISRUPTION. THESE TARIFFS COULD BE REPRESENTED ON THE COMPUTER AS MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS RATHER THAN TABLES. IN THIS WAY TABLES AND MORE COMPLEX SHIPMENT CHARGES COULD BOTH BE GENERATED QUICKLY AND EFFICENTLY. THE PROBLEM WITH IMPLEMENTING THIS NOW IS THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN A THEORETICAL MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION AND THE RATE TABLE AS IT EXISTS. THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES AN INVESTIGATION OF THIS, AND SUGGESTS THAT THE NEXT RATE ADJUSTMENT MIGHT BE APPLIED TO THE AVERAGE LINE OF RATES RATHER THAN INDIVIDUAL ONES. OTHER RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE TARIFF SYSTEMS NEED TO BE IDENTIFIED AND CLASSIFIED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE TARIFF SIMPLIFICATION WITH THE LEAST DISRUPTION OF TRADITIONAL RATE NEGOTIATION.


health services. For those offenders with acute or demanding mental health needs, there are in-patient settings at Regional Treatment Centres — psychiatric hospitals whose catchment area happens to be the other prisons in the region. In contrast to the current situation in many community hospitals in which the role of psychologists is diminishing, psychologists within the correctional system play a major leadership role and are involved at every step of the Strategy. Many of the regional and national coordinators of the components of the Strategy are psychologists. A psychologist oversees the mental health assessments that are completed on newly admitted offenders. Psychologists also complete the in-depth assessments that are required on some of these offenders. Thus, there has been a significant shift in the role of the psychologist within the correctional system, with the provision of mental health care becoming an increasingly important component. Psychologists are frequently called upon to provide crisis intervention for offenders. Offenders are at increased risk for depression and suicide. A large percentage of offenders at Treatment Centres are diagnosed with schizophrenia. In terms of treatment approaches, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is the most frequently employed due to the extensive literature on its effectiveness in dealing with criminal behaviour (for example, see the work of Don Andrews, Jim Bonta and Paul Gendreau). It has also been shown to be an evidence-based treatment for depression and schizophrenia and is thus frequently used by correctional psychologists in dealing with mental health problems. However, as is the case in most settings, psychologists may choose from a variety of intervention techniques and can use their professional judgement in selecting the most appropriate therapeutic approach to address an individual offender's mental health needs. The single biggest challenge facing the correctional system in the next few years is the increase in the numbers of offenders that will result from proposed legislative changes such as expanding the list of crimes that carry mandatory minimum sentences to include drug offences and to the end of Statutory Release. As the population of offenders swells in the system, more offenders with mental health problems will enter the system and have more difficulty earning early release. This will place an additional burden on the correctional system and an increasing role for psychologists. Psychology in Prison


It is an exciting period of time, where the transition towards a more sustainable mobility via the introduction of electric vehicles is taking place. What are the benefits and barriers for the e-mobility developments? Driving range, charging infrastructure availability and especially cost are perceived as important barriers for the market take-up of electric vehicles. Driving range is defined by o.a. battery performance. The challenge of infrastructure lies in the return on investment (chicken and egg problem). And the cost will evolve by technological improvement, market take-up and in the mean time policy support.The purchase price of electric vehicles is currently higher than of conventional vehicles, however the driving cost is lower. Based on a Total Cost of ownership (TCO) different vehicle technologies can be compared. Results are strongly depending on the market segment assessed as well as on the incentives put forward by the legislation.How to compare the environmental performance of different vehicle technologies? Vehicles with lower tailpipe emissions are perceived as cleaner. However, does it make sense to look only to tailpipe emissions? Limiting the comparison only to these emissions denies the fact that there are emissions involved during the production of a fuel. Would it be enough to combine fuel production and tailpipe emissions? Especially when comparing the environmental performance of electric vehicle technologies, the emissions during production of the specific components and their appropriate end-of-life treatment processes should also be taken into account. Therefore, the complete life cycle (LCA) of the vehicle should be included in order to avoid problem shifting from one life stage to another.


A significant challenge within the E&P industry is to quantify and reduce the uncertainties in the reservoir description. One of the main goals of reservoir description and modelling is to quantitatively describe petrophysical and geological reservoir properties in three dimensions. This paper describes how seismic inversion and rock physics models have been combined to better understand the reservoir in the Peregrino Field. The final product is lithology cubes that indicate the distribution of sand and shale bodies.


Relative permittivities, speeds of sound, viscosities, and densities for the binary mixtures of cyclohexanone + cis-decalin and cyclohexanone + trans-decalin have been measured over the whole composition range at (283.15, 293.15, and 303.15) K. The excess volumes and the deviations in viscosity, speed of sound, isentropic compressibility, and molar polarization were calculated. The results were fitted to a Redlich−Kister type polynomial equation, and the corresponding parameters have been derived. The Kirkwood correlation factor was also calculated.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse the prevalence, the clinical characteristics, the overall survival and the event-free survival (EFS) of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients who express anti- U11/U12 RNP (RNPC-3) antibodies.

METHODS
A total of 447 SSc patients from Barcelona (n = 286) and Milan (n = 161) were selected. All samples were tested using a particle-based multi-analyte technology. We compared anti-RNPC-3 positive and negative patients. Epidemiological, clinical features and survival were analyzed. End-stage lung disease (ESLD) was defined if the patient developed FVC < 50% of predicted, needed oxygen therapy or lung transplantation. EFS was defined as the period of time free of either ESLD or death.

RESULTS
Nineteen of 447 (4.3%) patients had anti-RNPC-3 antibodies and interstitial lung disease (ILD) was more frequent (11, 57.9% vs. 144, 33.6%, p = 0.030) in individuals with anti-RNPC-3 antibodies. More patients reached ESLD in the positive group (7, 36.8% vs. 74, 17.3%, p = 0.006), and a higher use of non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressive drugs was observed (11, 57.9% vs. 130, 30.4%, p = 0.012). Anti-RNPC-3 positive patients had lower EFS, both in the total cohort (log-rank p=0.001), as well as in patients with ILD (log-rank p=0.002). In multivariate Cox regression analysis diffuse cutaneous subtype, age at onset, the presence of ILD or pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the expression of anti-RNPC-3 positivity or anti-topoisomerase I were independently associated with worse EFS.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of anti-RNPC-3 was associated with higher frequency of ILD and either ESLD or death. These data suggest anti-RNPC-3 is an independent poor prognosis antibody in SSc, especially if ILD is also present.


In this paper the author describes necessity and favorable conditions for establishing Shanxi Energy Industrial Investment Fund,and he also points out that in order to the develop Shanxi Energy Industrial Investment Fund,we need to establish relevant monitoring mechanisms,and the government should play a functional role.


Most decisions relating to bridge maintenance are founded on assessments that are based on visual inspections conducted by specially trained engineers, using procedures and aids defined in the management system. Visual inspection is the main tool for bridge condition assessment, and is therefore of crucial significance for planning periodic maintenance activities. Paper shall present the study aimed at harmonizing bridge assessment activities, which was conducted in early 2012 in company Hrvatske ceste – Croatian National Road Authority. Small RC bridges were chosen for this study, since visual inspection is usually only tool utilized for their assessment. Ratings obtained by inspection were analyzed using methods of mathematical statistics. The results point to weaknesses in the current assessment system, while the study itself constitutes a good basis for further improvement of management aids, manuals and procedures for bridge inspection.


This article presents the cultural interpretation of power proposed by the French sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu. After a brief comment about his intellectual trajectory, in particular the fundamental meaning he attributes to social action, there is an overview of the theory of social practices Bourdieu developed in the course of almost 40 years as one of the leading social scientists of all times. A comment is then introduced about the core concepts of habitus, forms of capital and field. Finally, the last section offers insights about his cultural theory of power and defends its relevance. The case of the Brazilian Landless Movement (MST) is used to illustrate possible analytical routes to test the explanatory utility of his framework. The article suggests that the sociological theory of Bourdieu received a problematic reception in the English speaking world and proposes a reading scheme to understand his theory of social practices.


his own readings. His 'selective commentary' is quite brief (16 pages of commentary on 56 pages of text), following his stated aim of merely discussing and elucidating difficulties in the text (x). It is J.'s 'firm opinion . . . that it is nowhere so well demonstrated whether a text has been understood, and, if so, in what way it has been understood, as in a translation' (cxvi). On these criteria, his (facing) translation succeeds. It stays close enough to the Latin to facilitate easy comparison with the text, although sometimes J. prefers Latin syntax even when this makes a sentence more difficult to understand in English. Occasionally the antecedents of pronouns or relatives in the translation are hard to identify without recourse to the Latin text. But these problems do not seriously limit the value of the translation; it is literal, but largely very good, and it lives up to J.'s criteria. The book also includes a handy conspectus of the contents of Book 6, two appendices, an index terminorum, and bibliography. Typographical errors are few, and on the whole the book is quite well produced. It will be a welcome resource for students of music and metre as well as for Augustinian scholars.


Abstract Researchers in the field of sport psychology have begun to highlight the potential of phenomenological approaches in recognizing subjective experience and the essential structure of experience. Despite this, phenomenology has been used inconsistently in the sport psychology literature thus far. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretically informed practical guidelines for researchers who wish to employ the descriptive phenomenological interview in their studies. The recommended guidelines will be supported by underpinning theory and brief personal accounts. An argument will also be presented for the potential that descriptive phenomenology holds in creating new knowledge through rich description. In doing so, it is hoped that this method will be utilized appropriately in future sport psychology research to not only strengthen and diversify the existing literature, but also the knowledge of practitioners working within the applied world of professional sport.


Decomposition is a key function in reclaimed wetlands, and changes in its rate have ramifications for organic‐matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and production. The purpose of this study was to compare leaf litter decomposition rates in coal‐slurry ponds vs. natural wetlands on natural floodplain wetlands in Illinois, USA. The rate of decomposition was slower in the natural wetland vs. the coal pond (k = 0·0043 ± 0·0008 vs. 0·0066 ± 0·0011, respectively); the soil of the natural wetland was more acidic than the coal pond in this study (pH = 5·3 vs. 7·9, respectively). Similarly, higher organic matter levels were related to lower pH levels, and organic matter levels were seven‐times higher in the natural wetland than in the coal pond. The coal slurry pond was five years old at the time of the study, while the natural oxbow wetland was older (more than 550 years). The coal‐slurry pond was originally a floodplain wetland (slough); the downstream end was blocked with a stoplog structure and the oxbow filled with slurry. The pattern of decomposition for all species in the coal pond was the same as in the natural pond; Potomogeton nodosus decomposed more quickly than Phragmites australis, and both of these species decomposed more quickly than either Typha latifolia or Cyperus erythrorhizos (k = 0·0121±0·0008, 0·0051 ± 0·0006, 0·0024 ± 0·0001, 0·0024 ± 0·0004, respectively). Depending on how open or closed the system is to outside inputs, decomposition rate regulates other functions such as production, nutrient cycling, organic‐layer accumulation in the soil, and the timing and nature of delivery of detritus to the food chain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


SUBTITLE: THE SAME GOALS THAT RAILROADS HOPED TO ACHIEVE IN 1883 BY TRANSITIONING TO STANDARD TIME -- ACCOUNTABILITY, RELIABILITY, BETTER CUSTOMER SERVICE -- ARE NOW COMING FULL CIRCLE AS TODAY'S SMALLER RAILROADS ARE INTEGRATING WITH CLASS I'S AND SHIPPERS TO PROVIDE TIME- DEFINITE SERVICES AND SEAMLESS SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY. "REAL TIME" RATHER THAN "RAILROAD TIME" IS DRIVING FREIGHT RAILROADS INTO THE NEW CENTURY.


Dense and periodic arrays of nano-sized holes were patterned in oxide thin film on GaAs substrate. To obtain the nano-size patterns, self-assembling diblock copolymer was used to produce thin film of uniformly distributed parallel cylinders of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in polystyrene (PS) matrix. The PMMA cylinders were removed with UV expose and acetic acid rinse to produce PS nanotemplate. By reactive ion etching, pattern of the PS template was transferred to under laid silicon oxide layer. Transferred patterns were reached to the GaAs substrate by controlling the dry etching time. We confirmed the achievement of etching through the removing oxide layer and observation of GaAs substrate surface. Optimized etching time was 90 to 100 sec. Pore sizes of the nanopattern in the silicon oxide layer were 20~22 nm.


In the recent years, the job of teaching material management in colleges and universities in China has been developed step by step towards systematization and construction of teaching materials has been institutionalized gradually and has achieved great attainments. However, updating and compiling of teaching materials and management means of teaching materials are out of date and backward. Thus, construction of teaching materials is still unable to meet the development requirements of educational reform. This paper sets out from the perspective of improving the innovation capacity and puts forward pertinent suggestions in view of the problems existing in the job of teaching material management in colleges and universities. It is aimed to facilitate combination of teaching material management with cultivation of university studentsi¯ capacity and integration of the job of teaching material management and the education system in universities so as to form a characteristic management mechanism of teaching materials in colleges and universities.


Abstract This paper considers the changing geography and fortunes of Dublin's haute cuisine restaurants over the last half century, placing them within both a national and international context. Ireland's place within the global story of food is discussed, and the paper illustrates links between Dublin and European and global trends. The paper shows that in the 1950s, Dublin could be seen as the gastronomic capital of the British Isles. The leading restaurateurs are briefly profiled, and the decline, stagnation, and gradual rebirth of Dublin's haute cuisine restaurants over the 1958–2008 period are charted and discussed. The paper combines data from the Central Statistics Office, the Egon Ronay Guide, and the Michelin Guide, with oral histories from leading chefs, waiters and restaurateurs to provide a robust account of the story of haute cuisine in Dublin restaurants for the last five decades.


An electric drill stem telemetry link with nonzero resistance is analyzed using a transmission line model. Attenuation and bandwidth are found to differ significantly from these corresponding to a perfectly conducting drill stem. The skin effect is found to reduce the channel bandwidth significantly.


The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, to provide some understanding of a very severe birth trauma which, until recently, was unrecognized and therefore untreated psychologically; and second, to provide insight into a method of treatment. There are many occurrences which cause trauma by or before the time of birth. The one, above all others, that causes severe trauma relates to oxygen deprivation which can occur presumably at any time during pregnancy. It happens most often in the third trimester and particularly as term approaches. The mother's ability to supply oxygen to the fetus becomes marginal as the fetus grows and its need for oxygen increases. Concurrently, the placenta grows and its need for oxygen also increases. Since the placenta is interposed between mother and the fetus, the placenta draws its need first, and the remaining oxygen goes to the fetus. Even under normal conditions, the fetus has little to spare by the time of birth. There are both physical and emotional causes of oxygen deprivation. (Listed on page 131.) Fetal oxygen deprivation represents a primary problem in the world today. We can support a probability of 20-30% of all babies having experienced it to a severe degree, but short of any material amount of brain damage. Some authorities rate this occurrence at over 50%. A physician who delivers babies in a poverty area stated that he observed meconeum in amniotic fluid occurring in 50-60% of deliveries. Since the baby does not eat, there is no physical need for it to have a bowel movement; however, it is a well known fact that sudden powerful fear may cause the bowels to move, even in the fetus.1,3,6,10,16 A normal baby has its problems, but they are minor compared to those resulting from PRENATAL SUFFOCATION.11,19 If oxygen deprivation is severe enough to cause loss of consciousness, then a precise pattern of emotionality will result. The following seven symptoms are part and parcel of what I have named the Prenatal Suffocation Syndrome (PSS): Breathlessness Helplessness Panic Depression Hopelessness Exhaustion Rage There are other emotions related to PSS, but they are not always present and so do not fall within the specifications of "syndrome," some of which are: rejection, loneliness, claustrophobia, agorophobia, and a need to get "away from" (where ever one may happen to be). This need to get "away from" is not concerned with going to any particular place, just away from. Importance of Prenatal Suffocation Syndrome (PSS) There are four identifiable problems, in which PSS is a causative factor, or perhaps even the prime cause. These are: 1. Borderline schizophrenia, 2. Alcohol abuse, 3. Drug abuse, and 4. "Nervous Breakdown." 1. Throughout my years of practice, I have worked with a number of patients who had spent time in mental hospitals, and had been labeled Schizophrenic. All, without exception, demonstrated PSS. Those people had extreme FEAR-of FEAR ITSELF. They panicked at the prospect of becoming fearful. Borderline schizophrenics are those who have not developed a sufficient loss of contact with environment and disintegration of personality deserving the classification of schizophrenia. They are very difficult to treat as patients; because they are so very fearful of the thought of suffocation, anticipation of something unknown may trigger their escape mechanism, and they will make every effort to avoid therapy because the thought of getting into their feelings is seemingly more than they can stand.2,8,15 2. and 3. Alcohol and Drug Abuse: The compulsion which motivates excessive use of these agents relates to the need to escape: to escape the feelings induced by prenatal oxygen deprivation. By inducing blackout and or/unconsciousness, drugs (including alcohol) provide this escape. In order to understand how drugs provide "escape," it is necessary to understand why the user needs to escape. …


This article proves the necessity of a complex approach to the formation of the personality of the musician in a modern higher education institution of musical-pedagogical orientation. This approach is due, above all, harmonious nature of the man himself, that combines the moral qualities, cognitive ability, aesthetic taste, communicative orientation, desire for creativity, as well as the huge potential of musical art in the education of the comprehensive person, having the ability to implement the deep essence of the human utpada, maintain and transmit it through space and time. The complex approach is holistic, value-meaning equality of all participants in the educational process of professional activity, the unity of requirements to the content, methods and organizational forms of education.


To the editor,

We read with interest the study by Mangazzeni and colleagues on the novel use of ultrasound guidance for medial brachial cutaneous nerve (MBCN) and intercostal brachial nerve (ICBN) blocks.[1][1]

We found that using the technique described by the authors[1][1] to supplement


We examined the synthesis and characterization of polymer micelle using polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant (surfmer). Here, cationic gemini surfmer (GS) was newly synthesized and characterized. Also, a "monomer"-type surfmer (MS) was synthesized and characterized for comparison. The equilibrium properties in water and in the presence of 0.1 M NaBr were investigated by means of surface tensions of the surfmer, indicating the GS can show the characteristic properties of gemini surfactant. Micelles of GS were polymerized and characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and TEM observation. The particle-size distribution for polymer micelle indicates that the structure of polymer micelle synthesized from GS is quite uniform. The average diameter of the particle is about 3 nm. The TEM image show that the nano-ordered organic particles were formed whose diameter is similar to that obtained by DLS measurement.


Objective
To investigate the diagnostic values of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) combined with serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, and red blood cell volume distribution coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) in pregnant women for diagnosis of fetal β-Thalassemia.

Methods
From January 2017 to June 2018, a total of 120 pregnant women whose fetuses were diagnosed as β-Thalassemia by amniocentesis in Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as research subjects. They were included into mild group (n=48), intermediate group (n=40) and severe group (n=32), respectively, according to mild, intermediate and severe β-Thalassemia of their fetuses. And other 100 cases healthy pregnant women who received routinely prenatally examination in the same hospital during the same period and with normal development of fetuses were selected as controls, and were included into control group. Fasting elbow venous blood was collected from 4 groups of fetal pregnant women, and fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was collected from peripheral plasma of pregnant women. After amplification of cfDNA by twice PCR methods, fetal β-Thalassemia gene was detected by reverse dot blot hybridization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to detect serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15 and RDW-CV of pregnant women in 4 groups. Serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15 and RDW-CV of pregnant women in 4 groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, and further multiple comparisons were performed by least significant difference (LSD)-t test. The sensitivity, specificity, crude accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of combination of NIPT and serum sTfR, GDF-15 and RDW-CV levels of pregnant women, and detection of these four indicators alone for the diagnosis of fetal β-Thalassemia were calculated by comparison with " gold standard" of fetal β-Thalassemia. The procedures in this study were in line with the requirements of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013. There were no statistical differences in general clinical data such as fetal gestational age and age of pregnant women among four groups (P>0.05).

Results
①Among 40 pregnant women who had the same genotype of β-Thalassemia with her husband, diagnosis accordance rate of NIPT and prenatal diagnosis amniocentesis for diagnosis of fetal β-Thalassemia was 90.0% (36/40). And among 80 pregnant women who had different β-Thalassemia genotype with her husband, diagnosis accordance rate of these two methods was 90.0% (72/80). ②The serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15, and RDW-CV of pregnant women in four groups were compared, and all the differences were statistically significant (F=2 283.445, 323.181, 45.900, Pall<0.001). Results of further multiple comparisons showed that there were statistically significant differences in serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15, and RDW-CV of pregnant women between each two groups (P<0.05), and serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15, and RDW-CV of pregnant women gradually increased with the increase of fetal β-Thalassemia severity. ③The sensitivity, specificity, crude accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for diagnosis of fetal β-Thalassemia by NIPT combined with serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15, and RDW-CV of pregnant women were 86.7%, 88.0%, 87.3%, 86.7% and 84.6%, respectively. And its specificity and positive predictive value were significantly higher than those of serum sTfR, GDF-15, and RDW-CV levels detection alone in pregnant women, and all the differences were statistically significant (vs serum sTfR level detection in pregnant women: χ2=8.866, 5.301, P=0.003, 0.021; vs serum GDF-15 level detection in pregnant women: χ2=9.765, 5.929, P=0.002, 0.015; vs serum RDW-CV level detection in pregnant women: χ2=7.167, 4.327, P=0.007, 0.038).

Conclusions
Serum level of sTfR, GDF-15 and RDW-CV of pregnant women are expected to be the diagnostic markers of fetal β-Thalassemia. NIPT combined with detection of these three indicators can improve the specificity and positive predictive value for diagnosis of fetal β-Thalassemia. As the sample size in this study is relatively small, the diagnostic value of NIPT combined with serum levels of sTfR, GDF-15 and RDW-CV of pregnant women for fetal β-Thalassemia remains to be further studied and confirmed.

Key words:
beta-Thalassemia; Prenatal diagnosis; Noninvasive prenatal testing; Receptors, transferrin; Growth differentiation factors; Red blood cell volume distribution width coefficient of variation; Biological markers; Fetus; Pregnant women


Abstract Critical mobility studies increasingly focus on legal geographies of the public street. Extending such work, we explore how statutory and case laws construct everyday circulation as right or duty, and implications for social justice. Using Ohio as case study, we analyze the ways legislative statutes define streets, mobile bodies, and 'right of way.' We then review how judges weigh statutory rights (and rights-based claims) against a 'duty of ordinary care' when assigning liability for accidents. Assessing the distribution of legal rights and duties among transport modes and spaces illuminates power asymmetries on American streets, in statutory theory and judicial practice.


Compulsory litigation agency of lawyer has made several breakthroughs to the general legal doctrines in many ways,which has the deep system background,ideology preconditions and the realistic demands.In China,while introducing the compulsory litigation agency of lawyer,we should abide by some principles,and carry out the forgoing principles into concrete contents set up.


. In order to provide experimental basis for the optimal application of biogas slurry in field conditions, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses of biogas slurry (return to the field) on soil fertility and crop production (Chinese cabbage) from China. The experiment was conducted in 7 different groups (with 3 replicates each) using nitrogen equivalent chemical fertilizer (CF) and nitrogen equivalent biogas slurry (BGS) as the base fertilizer and four topdressing treatments including (1) NF (2) 100% CF (3) 50% BGS with 50% CF (4) 100% BGS (5) 200% BGS (6) 300% BGS (7) 400% BGS. The results showed that with increasing BGS dosage during all growth phases of Chinese cabbage, soil fertility increases linearly with significantly higher soil organic matter, soil enzymes (sucrose, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase) and nutrients (N, P, K, and ferrous ion) status. These impacts of BGS treated soils have been translated to the significant improvement in yield and quality of cabbage. After comprehensive analysis, it has been concluded that the soil amended with 200% BGS (treatment 5) was suitable to meet the nutrient requirements for optimal plant growth and development that leads to high quality and maximum yield of Chinese cabbage.


We study the numerical stability of polynomial based encoding methods, which has emerged to be a powerful class of techniques for providing straggler and fault tolerance in the area of coded computing. Our contributions are as follows: <list list-type="ordered"><list-item>1)
We construct new codes for matrix multiplication that achieve the same fault/straggler tolerance as the previously constructed <italic>MatDot Codes</italic> and <italic>Polynomial Codes</italic>.
</list-item><list-item>2)
We show that the condition number of every <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m \times m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sub-matrix of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m \times n, n \geq m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Chebyshev-Vandermonde matrix, evaluated on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-point Chebyshev grid, grows as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(n^{2(n-m)})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n > m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
</list-item><list-item>3)
By specializing our orthogonal polynomial based constructions to Chebyshev polynomials, and using our condition number bound for Chebyshev-Vandermonde matrices, we construct new numerically stable techniques for coded matrix multiplication. We empirically demonstrate that our constructions have significantly lower numerical errors compared to previous approaches which involve inversion of Vandermonde matrices. We generalize our constructions to explore the trade-off between computation/communication and fault-tolerance.
</list-item><list-item>4)
We propose a numerically stable specialization of Lagrange coded computing. Our approach involves the choice of evaluation points and a suitable decoding procedure. Our approach is demonstrated empirically to have lower numerical errors as compared to standard methods.
</list-item> </list>


One of the major challenges of big data analytics is the diverse information content, which has no pre-defined structure or classification. This is in contrast to the well-designed structure of a database specified on an ER model. A standard mechanism for understanding interrelationships and the structure of documents is using ontologies. With such motivation in mind, we present a system that enables data management and querying of documents based on ontologies by leveraging the functionality of the DBMS. In this paper, we present ONTOCUBO, a novel system based on our research for text summarization using ontologies and automatic extraction of concepts for building ontologies using Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) cubes. ONTOCUBO is a database-centric approach that excels in its performance, due to an SQL-based single pass summarization phase through the original data set that computes values such as keyword frequency, standard deviation, and lift. This approach is complemented with a set of User-Defined-Function-based algorithms that analyze the summarization results for concepts and their interrelationships. Finally, we show in detail our application that extracts and builds an ontology, but also allows concept summarizations and allows domain experts to explore and modify the resulting ontology.


The invention provides a highly clear and instant psidiumguajava tea and a preparation process, wherein the tea is produced by mainly adopting fresh or dried young fruit psidiumguajava as a raw material, and has characteristics of convenient production and taking, high safety and no toxic-side effect. According to the present invention, the fresh or dried young fruit psidiumguajava is mainly adopted as the raw material, and cleaning, grinding, ultrasonic enhanced solvent extraction, concentration, purity removing, membrane separation and enrichment, paste forming, spray drying and granulation are performed to obtain the instant psidiumguajava tea; compared with the previous psidiumguajava tea product, the product of the present invention and the preparation process thereof have the following characteristics that: the psidiumguajava fruit, especially the young fruit discarded in the production process is adopted as the raw material to change waste into treasure and obtain the instant psidiumguajava tea product; the psidiumguajava young fruit water extract has a good clinical blood sugar lowering effect, and the preparation process has characteristics of high product yield, low preparation cost, more flavor substance maintaining, and the like; and the highly clear and instant psidiumguajava tea has characteristics of convenient taking, high nutrition and high active ingredient content.


43 of the 50 cities with the highest homicide rates worldwide are Latin American. Although the mechanisms through which urban violence is (re-)produced are complex, the inequalities that shape fragmented Latin American urban landscapes and define the patterns of urban violence have been forged by sociopolitical processes including market-driven urban restructuring processes in the realm of "actually existing" neoliberalism. The comparative case study on two neighborhoods in Bogotá and Rio de Janeiro seeks to contribute to the development of a critical Public Health approach to urban violence that moves beyond the description of death registries and the association of discrete risk factors.

 The case studies are based on qualitative analyses of 4 focus groups and 46 semi-structured interviews with residents and specialists (2016 and 2019) using the Framework Method as well as comprehensive literature reviews.

 Both cases reveal nuanced processes through which urban violence is produced and reproduced by different actors and suggest that violence is inherent in the market-driven territorial making and un-making of increasingly "fragmented" cities. The cases suggest that violence is implied in threats of eviction, "necropolitical" police/military interventions and in the silent imposition of a "slow death" on urban infrastructure and entire neighborhoods, which bring about health consequences that include injuries but also shape other health problems. Both cases provide evidence to suggest selective and contradictory state presence that implies, admits or reinforces violence.

 The cases combat simplistic readings of Latin American urban violence as a phenomenon exclusively related to confrontations between rival drug gangs and the police or aggressive individuals by revealing a great variety of actors and processes involved in (re-)producing urban violence that have serious implications for life and health in Latin American cities.

 Need for a critical Public Health approach to urban violence that moves beyond the description of death registries and the association of discrete risk factors. A great variety of actors and processes is involved in (re-) producing urban violence that have serious implications for life and health in Latin American cities.


The article investigates problems of release from serving the punishment with probation for heavy sordid crimes against property. Theoretical and applied problems of accounting of the facts of the case by court are covered at the solution of a question of a possibility of the correction condemned for these crimes without serving the imposed sentence. It is noted that one of the most widespread criminal and legal measures applied for property crimes on an equal basis with punishment is release from serving the punishment with probation. On the basis of studying special literature, a conclusion is drawn that problems of application of release from serving the punishment with probation for certain types of crimes are investigated insufficiently. 1,576 judgments made by courts of Ukraine during 2006–2018, in which cases concerning convicts for heavy sordid crimes against property (in particular, according to the p. 4 of Art. 185, the p. 3 of Art. 186, the p. 2 of Art. 187, the p. 3 of Art. 190, the p. 2 of Art. 289, the p. 3 of Art. 297 of Criminal Code) resolved an issue of application of Art. 75 of CC, are studied for this purpose. Establishment of circumstances by which we characterize the seriousness of crime, the identity of the guilty person, and other facts of the case considered by courts at application (application cancellation) of Art. 75 of Criminal Code in this category of affairs became a result of the carried-out analysis. Studying of the court practice showed that release from serving the punishment with probation for heavy sordid crimes against property is applied mainly to convicts who committed a crime for the first time; in a sober state; did not cause heavy consequences; voluntarily paid sustained losses (eliminated the done harm); carried out at crime execution in partnership in an inactive (minor) role, without application of excessive violence to the victim; admitted guilt and frankly regretted; actively promoted crime detection; work (training) is positively characterized at the place of residence; work (study); have family and also support minor children or disabled parents; suffer from different diseases. Examples from court practice showed law enforcement problems in this sphere.


PURPOSE To provide evidence-based recommendations to health care providers on integrative approaches to managing anxiety and depression symptoms in adults living with cancer. METHODS The Society for Integrative Oncology and ASCO convened an expert panel of integrative oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, palliative oncology, social sciences, mind-body medicine, nursing, methodology, and patient advocacy representatives. The literature search included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials published from 1990 through 2023. Outcomes of interest included anxiety or depression symptoms as measured by validated psychometric tools, and adverse events. Expert panel members used this evidence and informal consensus with the Guidelines into Decision Support methodology to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 110 relevant studies (30 systematic reviews and 80 randomized controlled trials) to inform the evidence base for this guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations were made for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), yoga, relaxation, music therapy, reflexology, and aromatherapy (using inhalation) for treating symptoms of anxiety during active treatment; and MBIs, yoga, acupuncture, tai chi and/or qigong, and reflexology for treating anxiety symptoms after cancer treatment. For depression symptoms, MBIs, yoga, music therapy, relaxation, and reflexology were recommended during treatment, and MBIs, yoga, and tai chi and/or qigong were recommended post-treatment. DISCUSSION Issues of patient-health care provider communication, health disparities, comorbid medical conditions, cost implications, guideline implementation, provider training and credentialing, and quality assurance of natural health products are discussed. While several approaches such as MBIs and yoga appear effective, limitations of the evidence base including assessment of risk of bias, nonstandardization of therapies, lack of diversity in study samples, and lack of active control conditions as well as future research directions are discussed. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/survivorship-guidelines.


The quality of healthcare in Korea is very good, especially in life threatening disease. However, the level of healthcare research in Korea is not good relative to that of engineering. International university rankings also were showed that engineering was generally higher ranking than medicine. The reason of this phenomenon was deeply related to expenditure on research and development (R&D). Although Korea had a lot of gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), 75% of GERD was from business enterprise that was related to engineering. Healthcare expenditure of R&D from business enterprise is small. Healthcare expenditure from government budget allocation on R&D (GBARD) was smaller than engineering. Higher education expenditure on R&D of GERD was also small and the quantity and quality of researcher in higher education was not enough. For Korea's healthcare to become the growth engine for future, GBARD should be invested heavily in the healthcare, a large part of the increased GBARD must be invested in higher education, and the higher education should invest to secure the higher quality researcher stably.


Dennis V. Perepelitsa 19 December 2006 Gerald Jay Sussman, Jack Wisdom Exercise 5.32: Hierarchical Jacobi coordinates (a) Canonical heliocentric coordinates The canonical heliocentric transformation singles out the center of mass of the system. The other coordinates are computed with respect to this coordinate. Specifically, the relationships between the elements of (x′0, . . . , x ′ n−1) and (x0, . . . , xn−1) are x′0 = X = ∑i=n−1 i=0 mixi ∑i=n−1 i=0 mi x′i = xi − x0, for i > 0 (1) We want to construct an F2-type generating function that relates the relationship between the transformed and original coordinates. Using x = ∂2F2(t;x; p ), we have


A new catalytic kinetics spectrophotometic method is proposed for the determination of trace resorcin,resorcin can catalyze discoloration oxidation of m-cresol purple(m-CP)by KIO 4 in a buffer solution of NH3NH4 Cl at pH=11.39,the sensitization of discoloring reaction was remarkable in the presence of lauryl sodium sulfate(SDS).When responds 12 min in 90℃,the linear range of this method was 0.08~0.36μg/mL,and the detection limit was 8.13×10-3 μg/mL.This method is applied to the determination of trace resorcin in water samples with satisfactory results.


ABSTRACT The characterization of chert artifacts and the identification of their raw material is a pivotal issue in archaeology for the comprehension of economic and territorial patterns related to prehistoric populations. In the last years, several analytical techniques have been employed to characterize chert and discriminate among different provenances. In this study, cherts collected from different outcrops exploited since the Prehistory in the area of Alcoi (Alacant, Spain) were analyzed. Nucleus and cortex of each sample were divided and separately analyzed to determine their concentrations of major, minor and trace elements. The analyses revealed the elemental difference between both the parts of the chert and pointed out the importance of separation during sample preparation. Eventually, only the results of the nucleus analysis allowed discriminate among the different outcrops.


The experimental short wave(SW)data transmission system which adopts sequential inverting key control and soft judgment decoding is introduced.According to the result of data error code experiment,white noise experiment and SW communication on spot experiment,the quantitative analysis of soft judgment detection on SW signal is presented.The result expatiates that adopting soft judgment detection to carry out data transmission in SW decline channel may largely improve the system~′s transmission performance


Agriculture is one of the important terms in human civilization. Without agriculture and cultivation we can't get corn or vegetables and thus we cannot survive. Cultivators of developing countries like India, Bangla Desh face several challenges and problems like lack of knowledgeabout about corns and their appropriate timings of cultivation, weather, water and irrigation needed, pesticides and fertilizers useful, post production activities including marketing, use of human resource development, financial management and so on. Today not merely literacy but proper education is very much important for success in cultivation due to global competition and global trend of higher production and open marketing. This paper has attempted to pinpoint several agricultural information systems and similar facets which are helpful for healthy cultivation and agricultural practice.


We present results on hot electron and energetic ion (keV-MeV) generation from polished and nanostructured metal- lic surfaces excited by p-polarized, femtosecond laser pulses in the intensity range of 1 × 10 15 -1.5 × 10 17 Wc m −2 . A clear enhancement in the hard X-ray spectrum from nanoparticle- coated surfaces is observed, indicating 'hotter' electron pro- duction in nanoparticle-produced plasma until the intensity of 2 × 10 16 Wc m −2 is reached. Contrary to the existing percep- tion, we find that the hotter electrons do not lead to hotter ion emission. The total ion flux and the ion energy integrated over the 4-1400 keV energy range are found to be enhanced by 50% and 16%, respectively, for nanostructured targets in comparison to those from polished targets. 55% enhancement in yield is ob- served for ions at the lower end of the energy range, while hotter ions are actually found to be suppressed by ∼ 40%. The surface modulations present on the nanoparticle-coated targets are ob- served to reduce the maximum energy of the ions and showed an intensity-dependent increase in the divergence of the ion beam.


The linear systems approach has been successfully applied to the m odelling of two dimensional wave propagation in small element piezoelectric transducers. When extended in the form of a multidimensional acoustic lattice, a powerful simulation and modelling tool is available for the study of matching, backing and acoustic cross coupling in ultrasonic phased arrays. the theoretical development of such a model, and the accuracy is verified by experimental This paper describes


ABSTRACT The evidence on the effect that sharing economy accommodation platforms have on the performance of hotels is not univocal, and a general picture about the circumstances under which hotels may suffer the least from this disruption is still missing. This paper contributes to bridge this gap by examining the role that contingent factors can play in reducing the negative impact of Airbnb on the profitability growth of independent hotels. We examine whether the attractiveness of the city zone where hotels are located and their online reputation moderate the effect that the usage of Airbnb listings has on the profitability growth of independent hotels. Using a panel dataset of a sample of 725 independent hotels located in six Italian cities with high tourism attractiveness, and by triangulating ISTAT, AIDA, AirDNA, TripAdvisor and Trustyou datasets, we found that the negative effect of Airbnb on the profitability growth of hotels is reduced when the hotels are located in attractive city zones. However, the online reputation of hotels does not have any significant moderating effect on the relationship investigated. We discuss how these results contribute to understand competitive dynamics in the hotel industry through a lens based on the disruptive innovation theory.


Infection of apples (Malus × domestica) by Gloeodes pomigena (cause of sooty blotch) occurred by mid-May, 10-21 days after petal fall. Infection by Schizothyrium pomi (cause of flyspeck) occurred by late May or early June. Infection by both pathogens was extensive by the first week of June. The time that sooty blotch and flyspeck symptoms became visible was related to the frequency of rainfall in June. Benomyl combined with captan or mancozeb applied when sooty blotch first was observed in the orchard demonstrated eradicant activity in 1987 but not in 1989 or 1990. At harvest, coverage of the fruit surface with sooty blotch and flyspeck (severity) in eradicant treatments which included benomyl was not significantly different from the standard protectant treatments (.)


Abstract Descriptions are provided of typical tetrahedral, and atypical bilateral (monolete) and intermediate spore types, from cultivated specimens of Pteris longifolia L. The taxonomic implication are discussed.


This thesis focuses on developing a standard theoretical framework to study the bulk dynamics and electromagnetic probes of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, which are presently studied experimentally at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We developed a modular numerical package with different (exchangeable) modular describing different evolution stages of the expanding fireball created in these collisions. For each stage of the collisions, we will give a detailed description of the theoretical model and its corresponding numerical implementation, supplemented with code checking tests. With this framework, we then perform a broad range of phenomenological studies of the bulk dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions from RHIC to LHC energies. Our simulations are compared with various soft hadronic observables, in which the transverse momenta of the hadrons are less than 3 GeV/c. (This includes more than 99% of all particles created in the collision.) These comparisons help us to tightly constrain our theoretical modeling of the fireball evolution and to extract information about the transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as well as about the initial state fluctuation spectrum. We also explore the sensitivity of the hadronic observables to a possible temperature dependence of the QGP specific shear viscosity. The collision energy dependences of hadron spectra and elliptic flow coefficients are


We consider the problem $Jz' = [Q(t) + \lambda A(t) - \lambda F(t,z)]z$, $a \cdot z(0,\lambda ) = 0$, $b \cdot z(1,\lambda ) = 0$, where $J = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 & { - 1} \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{array} } \right]$, $\lambda $ is a real parameter, a, b and z are 2-vectors, while Q, A and F are $2 \times 2$ real matrices. We assume the linear problem $(F \equiv 0)$ has a countable sequence of real eigenvalues $0 < \lambda _1 < \lambda _2 < \cdots $ accumulating at infinity, and that the corresponding eigenfunction has a certain nodal property. $\lambda_k $ is said to be a bifurcation point for the nonlinear problem if there are nontrivial solutions for $\lambda $ near $\lambda _k $. We establish sufficient conditions for each $\lambda _i $, $j = l,2, \cdots $, to be a bifurcation point. We also establish global results. We use a relatively simple polar coordinate argument.


Through the investigation of softening point,coke yield and viscostiy of pitches with different TI-PS fraction content,it was discovered that the three ptich property parameters change linearly with the variety of TI-PS fraction content when the PI or TS fraction content was constant.Experiments showed organic acid catalysis could increase TI-PS fraction content of modified pitches and the same result could be get by changing component and structure of pitches.


This article points to the key role of the child victim in the representation of the Holocaust, especially in mainstream American life. Developing Peter Novick's claim that the Holocaust has been transformed into an "American memory," the author notes that virtually all breakthrough moments in non-Jewish American awareness of the Holocaust (The Diary of Anne Frank, Wiesel's Night, the NBC television movie Holocaust, Spielberg's Schindler's List, the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C.) have highlighted the role of children, whose defenselessness serves as a metaphor for the general plight of Holocaust victims. While rhetorically effective, the figure of the child victim can also distort, personalize, and dehistoricize the Holocaust, providing a false sense of solidarity and understanding in mainstream American audiences.


The effects of transmitter-side multidimensional signal rotations on the performance of multichannel optical transmission are studied in the presence of laser phase noise. In particular, the laser phase noise is assumed to be uncorrelated between channels. To carry out this study, a simple multichannel laser-phase-noise model that has been experimentally validated for weakly-coupled multicore-fiber transmission is considered. As the considered rotation scheme is intended to work in conjunction with receiver-side carrier phase estimation (CPE), the model is modified to further assume that imperfect CPE has taken place, leaving residual phase noise in the processed signal. Based on this model, two receiver structures are derived and used to numerically optimize transmitter-side signal rotations through Monte Carlo simulations. For reasonable amounts of residual phase noise, rotations based on Hadamard matrices are found to be near-optimal for transmission of 4-D signals. Furthermore, Hadamard rotations can be performed for any dimension that is a power of two. By exploiting this property, an increase of up to 0.25 bit per complex symbol in an achievable information rate is observed for transmission of higher-order constellations.


Given a graph G = (V, E), two vertices s, t ∈ V, and two integers k, ℓ, the Short Secluded Path problem is to find a simple s‐t‐path with at most k vertices and ℓ neighbors. We study the parameterized complexity of the problem with respect to four structural graph parameters: the vertex cover number, treewidth, feedback vertex number, and feedback edge number. In particular, we completely settle the question of the existence of problem kernels with size polynomial in these parameters and their combinations with k and ℓ. We also obtain a 2O(tw) · ℓ2 · n‐time algorithm for n‐vertex graphs of treewidth tw, which yields subexponential‐time algorithms in several graph classes.


An assessment has been made of an electromagnetic induction (EM) technique for reconnaissance surveys of soil salinity. The instrument used provides values of apparent electrical conductivity to depths ranging from 7.5 to 60 m. A comparison of EM values with actual profile salinities at 19 sites of widely differing geological and geomorphic origin showed that approximately 65% of the variance of EM values is explained in terms of salinity alone. An area of 10000 km2 in the mid-Lachlan River Valley of New South Wales was surveyed with a grid spacing of approximately 5 km at a rate of 30-40 sites per day. This permitted the definition of areas of high subsoil apparent conductivity and hence, by inference, of high soil salinity. The EM technique was demonstrated to have a potential for providing a significant contribution to land use planning at both a regional and local scale, by defining areas of possible salinity hazard.


Temporal variation of secondary cosmic rays (SCR) flux was measured during the total lunar eclipse on 10 December 2011 and the subsequent full moon on 8 January 2012 from Mumbai (Geomagnetic latitude: 10.6°N), India. The measurements were done by using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector with energy threshold of 200 keV. The SCR flux shows approximately 8.1% enhancement during the lunar eclipse as compared to the average of pre‐ and post‐eclipse periods. Weather parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were continuously monitored, and their correlations with temporal variation in SCR flux have been examined. The influences of geomagnetic field, interplanetary parameters, and tidal effect on SCR flux have been considered. Qualitative analysis of SCR flux variation indicates that local weather, interplanetary, and geomagnetic factors affecting SCR flux fail to explain the observed enhancement during the eclipse. Lunar tidal effect on magnetosphere and crust still remains a possible mechanism which needs to be investigated in detail. The enhancement during lunar eclipse and widely reported decrease during solar eclipses may unravel hitherto unnoticed factors modulating SCR flux.


Blut und Paukboden outlines even more direct Burschenschaften involvement in rightextreme politics in the post-World War I era. The "November Revolution" and the establishment of the Weimar Republic gave the student organizations new and obvious targets. They joined in and were significant players in the Kapp and Beer Hall Putsches, for example. They fought against Weimar politicians, attacked the Young Plan, and were extremely important in fomenting a sense of crisis during the Nazis' quest for power. Indeed, it is one of the goals of the book to debunk a central myth of the Burschenschaften, namely, that despite their ideological convictions, they resisted the Nazi coordination of student organizations and should not be seen as supporters of fascism. In the section on Burschenschaften and National Socialism, Alexandra Kurth argues that any resistance to the Nazis on the part of the Burschenschaften was primarily due to political arguments over organizational structures and not because of ideological reservations about Hitler's regime. The analysis is rigorous and tough. Despite their history in the 1920s and 1930s, the Burschenschaften were "rehabilitated" quickly in the post-World War II era. By the late 1940s they had reorganized themselves and for the most part returned to supporting or participating in conservative or right-extremist politics. The authors show how celebrated incidents or issues—the Eichmann Affair or agitation over South Tirol in the case of Austria— helped generate Burschenschaften political activity in the 1960s. Toward the end of the 1960s, discussions began within the organizations to liberalize some of their policies and practices, such as the Pflichtmensur. Ironically, these discussions to reform the organizations generally had the effect of strengthening the conservative elements in their midst: every liberal compromise carried with it a concession to the conservatives. Thus, by the mid-1970s, the Burschenschaften were still overwhelmingly supporting authoritarian or right-extremist ideological positions. The authors argue that the more sophisticated organizational apparatus of the Burschenschaften—for example, the formation of the Burschenschaftliche Gemeinschaft with connections to approximately forty major organizations—increased the political clout of these groups. It is not surprising, therefore, to find Burschenschaften involved in a host of "brown" activities in Germany and Austria in the last decades of the twentieth century. In the mid1990s, however, a more liberal-oriented group of Burschenschaften formed their own general organization to distance themselves from the right-extreme history and ideology of the major Burschenschaften.


One of the leading factors of intensification of cultivation processes of agricultural products is crop rotation. Mineral fertilizers are also an essential element of farming systems. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of these two factors and their combinations on biological yield and structure of winter wheat harvest. The studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on stationary field experiment of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in Medvenskiy district of Kursk region. The soil is typical heavy loamy black soil. Winter wheat was cultivated in 3 crop rotations, where the forecrops were black fallow, green manure fallow (peas) and sown fallow (horse beans). The scheme of the experiment included for 4 levels of fertilization: without fertilizers, N60P60K60, N80P80K80, N100P100K100 kg a.i. per 1 ha. Black fallow showed the highest biological yield on high background of fertilization, as for medium and low fertilization, and also without fertilizers - on green manure. Increase of doses of mineral fertilizers provided a yieldincrease. Total and productive bushiness of winter wheat was higher in combination with green manure fallow, and the weight of 1000 grains and the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem were higher in case of black fallow. The harvest structure parameters were lower in crop rotationthan in the other two rotations. A tendency ofparameter increase of the harvest structure was revealed: total and productive bushiness, weight of 1000 grains, the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem in case of fertilizationlevelincrease. A close positive relationship was established between the biological yield of the crop and the total (r = 0.958) and productive (r = 0.956) bushiness, as well as the number of grains in the wheat head of the main stem (r = 0.911).


A digital Class-D audio amplifier is presented in this paper. This amplifier uses a sixth-order PWM modulator to generate the driver signal of the output stage of the amplifier. The transformation of pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) signal to pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal is moved into the closed sigma-delta modulator loop that the noise and distortion generated during the transformation of PAM signal to PWM signal is suppressed by the high gain of the forward loop of the sigma-delta modulator. Therefore, at the output of the digital modulator, a very clean PWM signal is generated to drive the power stage of the class-D amplifier. This class-D amplifier achieves 110dB dynamic range (DR), 100dB signal to noise rate (SNR) and 0.005% total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N).


The present invention relates to improving communication performance for the HVAC system regional compensation. Climate systems within the plurality of regions of the passenger compartment of the vehicle system, method and apparatus. The system includes a control unit, which has a receiving unit, a receiving unit configured to receive from a plurality of microphones each of the plurality of regions associated with the signal. A determination unit configured based on the strongest received signal to determine which microphone from the plurality of microphones from the microphone work and the work area determined to be relevant to the work area with the microphone. The control unit further includes a fan operation unit configured to control the climate control system, a plurality of fans, and to reduce the response to signals received from the active microphone and at least one fan associated with the work area speed.


Introduction The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework was developed as a theoretical framework to support the practice and research of online learning. Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) theorized that meaningful learning online takes place in a CoI made of teachers and students, through the interaction of three core elements: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence. Over the past 10 years, a great deal has been written on each of these three presences (Anderson, Rourke, Garrison, & Archer, 2001; Dunlap & Lowenthal, 2009; Garrison & Cleveland-Innes, 2005; Lowenthal & Parscal, 2008; Richardson & Swan, 2003;; Shea & Bidjerano, 2009; Shea, Li, Swan, & Pickett, 2003; Shea, Pickett, & Pelz, 2003; Swan, 2002, 2004; Swan & Shih, 2005). During the past few years, researchers have turned from just studying each element separately to studying the three elements simultaneously (Akyol & Garrison, 2008; Arbaugh, 2007, 2008; Arbaugh, Bangert, & Clevelan-Innes, 2009; Garrison, Cleveland-Innes, & Fung, 2004; Swan, Richardson, Ice, Garrison, Cleveland-Innes, & Arbaugh, 2008). However, despite the increased interest in studying the CoI framework, researchers have not investigated how communities of inquiry differ across different discourse communities (Arbaugh, Bangert, & Cleveland-Innes, 2009; Lowenthal & Lowenthal, 2009) nor whether they manifest themselves in accelerated online programs (Lowenthal & Lowenthal, 2009). The purpose of this study was to investigate how student's perceptions of each of the elements of the CoI framework differ across different discourse communities (specifically, business, education, computer science, and humanities) in accelerated (i.e., eight week long) online courses. The following paper reports the preliminary results of this study. Background Garrison et al. (2000; Garrison & Anderson, 2003) have argued that meaningful learning takes place in a CoI made of teachers and students, through the interaction of three core elements: social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence. Social presence, the first element of the model, is the "ability of participants in a Community of Inquiry to project their personal characteristics into the community, thereby presenting themselves to other participants as "real people" (p. 89). Social presence has been conceptualized as having three components: affective expression, open communication, and group cohesion (Rourke, Anderson, Garrison, & Archer, 1999). Research on social presence has a long history dating back to the 1970's (Lowenthal, 2009). Teaching presence, the second element in the model, is the ability of a teacher or teachers to establish and support social presence and eventually cognitive presence through instructional design and organization, the facilitation of discourse, and direct instruction (Anderson et al., 2001). While the research of Shea (2006) has questioned the direct instruction component of teaching presence, subsequent research by Arbaugh and Hwang (2006) and others (see Arbaugh et al., 2009) continues to support the inclusion of direct instruction as an important component of teaching presence. Cognitive presence, the third element in the model, is "the extent to which the participants in...a community of inquiry are able to construct meaning through sustained communication" (Garrison et al., 2000, p. 89). Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2001) conceptualized cognitive presence as developing through four cyclical stages—first a triggering event, then exploration, integration, and resolution—which they refer to as the practical inquiry model.


"The article tries to clarify the reasons [for] European negative attitudes towards its Maghrebine migrant population and endeavours to go beyond the traditional explanations ascribing such attitudes to social and economic crisis. The main thesis...is that 'being other' in Western culture has not always been very easy, above all when the 'other' is oriental, Arab or Moslem, i.e. the 'nearest difference'." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)


The study of happiness has grown considerably in recent decades. One result of this attention being given to the causes and organizational processes that self-reported happiness (Angenr et al., 2010; Kashdan, 2010). By this study, the researchers, the relationship between happiness and a set of personality variables, socioeconomic status examine health and other variables. Typically, the frequency and degree of happiness of the three components of the positive effects of the joy of living, lack of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, and the average levels of life satisfaction has been formed (Stewart et al., 2010). Happiness also has a multidimensional structure of 1930, systematic studies to date have examined is (Angenr, 2009; Watson, 1930). There are various definitions of happiness, but the definition of Fon Hoeven (1992) of happiness, comprehensive view is: the degree by which a person's overall quality of life life is judged as very good. Researchers happiness and psychological well-being, psychological well-being have defined or subjective well-being (Diener et al., 1999; Eysenck, 1990; Myers, 2000). One of the important aspects of happiness, it is the socialization process. Being inherent in the human collective life, the necessity of the organization and contact with others as a matter of the inevitable effects. Social development involves a healthy relationship based on the status of the individuals. One of the important aspects of happiness, it is the socialization process. Being inherent in the human collective life, the necessity of the organization and contact with others as a matter of the inevitable effects. Social development involves a healthy relationship based on the status of the individuals. Although social relationships, how to build and also its dimensions are as old as human life, but scientific research in this regard can be limited to a certain time span knew that the disciplines of sociology and Psychology, as have scientific fields, and each part of the mechanism work in organizational life and human interpersonal relationships are explored. Some of these variables can be organizational excellence and adornment. Excellence today is known for the many organizations of Iran and the use of models such as the EFQM business excellence as a model for knowledge and the pursuit of excellence, has been widely welcomed by various organizations. Roots welcomed to the unique characteristics of this model in determining the direction ofprogress of the search. When an organization is determined by looking at your holistic test, your priorities based on sufficient information to identify, measure your progress, check the power yield, finally concentrate on corrective actions. , business excellence model and logic tools for this purpose the organization puts its managers. The fundamental concepts of excellence is the following: increasing value to customers (to understand, predict and meet the needs, expectations and opportunities for synergistic value customers); the creation of a stable near future (in terms of performance economic, environmental and social and positive impact on the world around); development of organizational capabilities (with the effective management of change within and beyond the boundaries of the organization); Creativity and innovation (continuous improvement, innovation systematically, enlisting the creativity of its stakeholders, value and performance levels increasing) leadership with vision, inspiration and integrity (leaders prospective organizational values and ethics); management agility (the ability to identify and respond to opportunities and threats effectively and efficiently); Success through employee talent (capacity to achieve the goals of both corporate and personal) and sustain outstanding results (results at the same time meet short-term needs and long-term all stakeholders). The concepts of organizational excellence as the criteria and rates are examined (Najmi, 2014). …


This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results. Tool 2 describes the data needed, where to find it, and how to prepare data for use. It addresses a number of issues pertaining to the search, identification and preparation of data for meaningful economic analysis. It can best be thought of as a reference mechanism that provides support for the occasionally frustrated but endlessly hungry researcher working through the adventures of tobacco control analysis. Most countries in the world today report at least a basic set of national economic and social information. In addition, aggregate or 'macro' level data is also largely available at sub-national levels of these societies and captures information that's reflective of regional, state, provincial, county or other jurisdictional divisions of the country. Consumption represents product use. Therefore, data on tobacco consumption reflects the amount of tobacco products used by a consumer. Data on tobacco product consumption is required for any economic analysis related to the demand for tobacco. Tobacco consumption information can be obtained through surveys of households and/or individual consumers. National population surveys and censuses interview random samples of individuals and/or households in an effort to obtain behavioral and socioeconomic information that will best describe the characteristics of the nation's current population.


In advanced driver assistance systems, the stereo matching algorithm is the key resource to obtain depth information of outdoor scenes. Semi-Global Matching (SGM) is currently the most efficient stereo matching algorithm for outdoor environments. However, because the number of pixels is large, SGM uses only a subset of them when estimating the disparity of a pixel. To overcome this limitation, Cost Aggregation Table (CAT) was proposed which uses two-dimensional cost aggregation so as to utilize whole image information. In this paper, we propose improved global 2D cost aggregation methods by loosening aggregation constraints. It aggregates every cost in the whole image to estimate each disparity. Although our method aggregates every cost in the image, the computational complexity is the same as that of SGM and CAT. The proposed cost aggregation method achieves superior disparity accuracy compared to the SGM.


Increased understanding of the functional complexity of the genome has led to growing recognition about the role of epigenetic/transcriptional variation in health and disease. Current analyses of the human brain, however, are limited by the use of "bulk" tissue, comprising a heterogeneous mix of different neural cell types. Because epigenetic processes play a critical role in determining cell type-specific patterns of gene regulation it is important to consider cellular composition in regulatory genomic studies of human post-mortem tissue, and there is a need for methods to purify populations of specific cell-types. Furthermore, the valuable nature of human post-mortem tissue means it is important to use methods that maximize the amount of genomic data generated on each sample. This protocol describes a method that uses fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS) to isolate and profile nuclei from multiple different human brain cell-types from frozen post-mortem tissue. This protocol can be used to robustly purify populations of neuronal (NeuN+ve), oligodendrocytes (SOX10+ve), microglia (IRF8+ve) and other glial origin nuclei (NeuN-ve/SOX10-ve/IRF8-ve) from adult post-mortem frozen brain, with each tissue sample yielding purified populations of nuclei amenable to simultaneous analysis of i) DNA modifications (via bisulfite sequencing / array), ii) histone modifications (via CUT&Run-seq), iii) open chromatin analysis (via ATACseq), and iv) gene expression (via RNA-seq). DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmh2k38e PROTOCOL CITATION Stefania S Policicchio, Jonathan P Davies, Barry Chioza, Joe Burrage, Jonathan Mill, Emma L Dempster 2020. Fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS) on human post-mortem cortex tissue enabling the isolation of distinct neural cell populations for multiple omic profiling. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmh2k38e


Nuo theatre, a living tradition loved by the local people in Chizhou, Southwest Anhui province, boasts of its simple tunes, accompaniment, costumes, and performance, all of which can be attributed to external transmission of this folk culture. However, the spiritual essence of its existence lies in religious sacredness.


clinician to detect possible relapse in patients if TK1 levels startto increase.A minor limitation of measuring serum TK1 activity is thesubstantial variance between patients. This variation betweenindividuals prevents direct comparison between patients. Forthis reason, we presented the changes in serum TK1 activity forthe ALL and AML patients as a percentage of the maximummeasured for each individual (Figures 3 and 4). Our results showthat the changes in serum TK1 activity are only useful forprognosis when compared with the individual's previoussamples. Therefore, a baseline level of serum TK1 activity mustbe established for each individual if serum TK1 is to be used as aprognostic tool in leukemia, similar to the method currentlyused in monitoring prostate-specific antigen in men. Variationsin TK1 levels between serial samples from the same individualare directly reflective of the response to treatment, indicatingthat TK1 measurements can accurately predict patient prog-nosis.Our results comparing the mean serum TK1 levels of ALLpatients with healthy individuals indicated statisticallysignificant differences between the two groups. This confirmsthe reality of measuring serum TK1 levels as a diagnostictool. Statistical significance between serum TK1 levels in ALLpatients of different stages confirms TK1 as a possible prognostictool.This study also indicates that the immunoassay, utilizingthe TK1-specific mAb, is an accurate method of measuringserum TK1 levels. The development of an immunoassayto measure serum TK1 levels would be more practical andefficient for use in a clinical setting. Through continuedinvestigation of TK1, we hope to provide clinicians with avaluable tool for earlier detection and improved evaluation oftreatment success.Acknowledgements


Affords gallium nitride crystal growth methods, gallium nitride crystal substrates, epi-wafers, and methods of manufacturing the epi-wafers, that make it possible to curb cracking that occurs during thickness reduction operations on the crystal, and to grow gallium nitride crystal having considerable thickness. A gallium nitride crystal growth method in one aspect of the present invention is a method of employing a carrier gas, a gallium nitride precursor, and a gas containing silicon as a dopant, and by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growing gallium nitride crystal onto an undersubstrate. The gallium nitride crystal growth method is characterized in that the carrier-gas dew point during the gallium nitride crystal growth is -60 DEG C. or less.


From economic view that economic person is the eternal topic under the market economy, the effectiveness of implementing integrated management of village and township health system was analyzed by the relationship of transactions cost and organizations cost. And the issues, which the government should deal with, are suggested as well.


Systems and methods for efficiently distributing digital cinema files from a server to a theater are disclosed. The systems and methods may comply with DCI requirements. A server updates an original composition playlist, updates a track file associated with the updated composition playlist, and distributes the updated composition playlist and updated track file to one or more theaters over a communications network. The theater is configured to store the updated track file at a storage containing copies of all track files associated with the updated composition playlist and update the theater's original composition playlist to the updated composition playlist. The server may have a database configured to track the composition playlists and associated track files present in each theater in the system.


Frozen dough made by sponge and dough method using sweet dough formula was quickly frozen at and stored for 8 weeks at . Effects of vital wheat gluten on number of yeast cells, bread volume, specific loaf volume, hardness, and sensory properties of bread were investigated. Dough added with 4% vital wheat gluten showed higher yeast cell survival rate during freeze storage and larger specific loaf volume than other doughs. Hardness value increased with increasing amount of vital wheat gluten added, whereas, in frozen dough stored more than 4 weeks, dough added with 2% vital wheat gluten showed lower hardness value than others. Bread made with 4% vital wheat gluten showed highest sensory score.


Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) facilitate individual load forecasting. The individual load forecasting not only improves the accuracy of aggregated load forecasting but is a fundamental component of various power applications. With the highlight of deep learning (DL) in the individual load forecasting, a serving platform specialized in deep learning is required to forecast with AMI stream data. However, the existing serving platforms for DL models do not consider stream data as an input but usually support image or text data through RESTful API. To solve this problem, we propose StreamDL that is a serving framework providing deep learning inference with AMI stream data. It leverages Apache Kafka to support stream data and Kubernetes to support the cloud environment. StreamDL considers the specific requirements for stream data, which supports stream parsing to fit any DL model especially recurrent network and continual training to alleviate accuracy degradation by the change of stream distribution. In this paper, we introduce the detail of the StreamDL platform and its use-cases using real AMI data.


Objective To study the influence of community health education intervention on the life quality of patients with hypertension. Methods 120 patients with hypertension in the community were selected as the study object and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 60 cases in each group. The observation group received the community health education intervention, and the control group did not have intervention. After 6 months, the related data of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The improvement of life quality and relevant data were superior to the control group, with statistically significant difference(P 0.05). Conclusions Community health education intervention can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension.


An efficient method to predict modified separation of cohesive energy density model (MOSCED) parameters for nonelectrolyte solids using electronic structure calculations in SMD and SM8 continuum solvents is proposed and applied to acetanilide, acetaminophen, and phenacetin. The resulting parameters are ultimately used to predict the equilibrium solubility in a range of solvents over a range of temperatures. By combining MOSCED with SMD and SM8, we are able to leverage the strengths of both methods while eliminating shortcomings that would prevent their use alone for solvent selection in design processes involving nonelectrolyte solid solutes. Comparing to 77 non-aqueous experimental solubilities of acetaminophen over the range 10–30°C, the proposed method has an average absolute error of 0.03 and 0.04 mol fracs for SMD and SM8 regressed parameters, respectively. Aqueous solubilities of acetaminophen over this temperature range are predicted with an average error of 0.030 and 0.0023 mol fracs, respectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 781–791, 2017


A ferritic stainless steel consisting of: 25 to 35 weight percent chromium; 0.9 to 1.1 weight percent molybdenum; up to 0.005 weight percent carbon; at least one of niobium, titanium and tantalum, wherein the steel comprises 0.07 to no more than 0.5 weight percent titanium and the sum of the weight percentages of niobium, titanium and tantalum satisfies the equation 0.5 <= (% Nb +% Ti + 1/2 (% Ta)) <= 0.75 to 1.0 weight percent silicon; to 0.25 weight percent aluminum; to 0.25 weight percent tungsten; up to 1.0 weight percent manganese; up to 0.04 weight percent nitrogen; up to 0.01 weight percent sulfur; up to 0.05 weight percent phosphorus; to 0.25 weight percent copper; to 0.1 weight percent cerium; up to 0.05 weight percent lanthanum; up to 0.05 weight percent zirconium; to 0.050 weight percent hafnium, wherein the combined amount of hafnium and zirconium is up to 0.05 weight percent; the balance being iron and incidental impurities; wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the steel is between about 25% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of stabilized zirconia between 20 ° C and 1000 ° C, and wherein the steel exhibits at least one property selected creep resistance a creep rupture strength of at least 6895 kPa (1000 psi) at 900 ° C, time to 1% creep strain of at least 100 hours at 900C under a load of 6895 kPa (1000 psi) and time to 2 % of creep of at least 200 hours at 900C under a load of 6895 kPa (1000 psi).


The disclosure relates to an apparatus for generating perfume for vehicles, and more particularly, to an apparatus for generating perfume for vehicles capable of simplifying a configuration and increasing sealing ability to stably control perfume, by easily controlling a flow of air passing through a first perfume generating part and a second perfume generating part using a single rotating shaft.


A normal pig was given 30 mg/kg quinocetone in an oral dose. The concentrations of quinocetone in pig plasma were determined by HPLC developed in our laboratory. Plasma drug concentration-time course of quinocetone after oral administration of quinocetone was found to be fitted to one compartment open model with first order absorption and its pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: T_(1/2Ka) =2.87 h,T_(1/2K) =5.05 h,T_p=(6.53 h),C_(max)=0.28 μg/mL,AUC=3.78 mg·L~(-1)·h.The results showed that the absorption and excretion of quinocetone were slow and its availability was low after oral administration.


The invention relates to a heald frame (1) comprising at least one heald frame rod (2), on which a damping element (12) can be displaced in relation to the longitudinal direction of the heald. The displaceable mounting of the damping element (12) improves and facilitates the alignment of the heald (8) and produces the required damping action over the entire displacement course of the heald (8).


This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on vibrations of cracked beam structures and methodology for crack identification. Here the crack is modelled as transverse crack using mass-less rotational spring and it is assembled with the other discretized elements using FEM techniques. Using this model, vibration analysis of simply supported, fixed-fixed, free-free and cantilever solid rectangular beams, withcrack is carried out. The fundamental vibration modes of damaged beam are analyzed using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The location of crack is determined by the sudden changes in the spatial variation of the transformed response. The results in the simulation mode and experiments show that HHT appears to be a more effective tool for the analysis. The proposed technique is validated both analytically and experimentally thus the results shown have a good agreement with the established model.


the modern rural credit system is important part of New Socialist rural,researching the credit risk is the necessary base.This paper analysis the credit structure of sample agencies,judge the credit risk of farmer credit by Creditmetrics model,the methods include the Monte Car Io and Kernel Distribution.The result shows that the credit risk of farmer is higher.The Net Present Value is lower than Present Value.Basing on the conclusion this paper get the policy suggestion and outlook the researching focus on the next step.


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WATER CONTENT OF UNDISTURBED AND REMOLDED SAMPLES OF SOIL (CLAY TO SAND INCLUSIVE), TAKEN IN TOKYO AND ITS VACINITY IS DISCUSSED. THE REMOLDED CLAY AND CLAYEY SOIL HAVE A CHARACTERISTIC POINT ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VS. WATER CONTENT CURVE, CORRESPONDIG TO A SO-CALLED "CRITICAL WATER CONTENT", WHICH IS IN TURN PROPORTIONAL TO THE LIQUID LIMIT OF THE SOIL. /RRL/AUTHOR/


functions. In the last chapter Halper argues implausibly that the form (read: sensible form) is both individual and universal. The argument is convoluted and unnecessary. On what I take to be the most textually and philosophically sound reading of the entire Metaphysics--a reading which refuses to wrench the central books out of the theological context set down in Books A-E-p r imary being is neither universal nor individual because both are derived from primary being. Any attempt to treat the immediate subject of the central books of the Metaphysics, sensible being, as primary is I think bound to fail in representing Aristotle's position. Halper's fidelity to the text, however, helps compensate for this error as he offers many challenging and ingenious interpretations of particular passages. LLOYD P. GERSON University of Toronto


The paper described the recent changes in local marketing patterns of Gum arabic in Kordofan, Sudan. The study depended heavily on secondary data sources including market records and documents. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires based on stratified random sampling technique. A set of research tools encompassing descriptive statistics, linear regression and Kurskal Wallis Test were used. The findings revealed that local marketing patterns of Gum arabic at central, urban and rural levels have experienced several changes throughout the investigated period. The infrastructures, services and market information were subjected to significant (P ≤ 0.01) improvements, particularly at the central markets (e.g. Elobeid and Enuhud). The trend with regard to of number of the Gum arabic stakeholders at Elobeid Central Crops Market expressed different tendencies; number of registered companies revealed slight increase (R = 0.38), number of traders showed sharp decline (R = 0.51) and number of producers' agents remained unchanged. By this, the market seems to favor more existence of downstream stakeholders than upper stream ones. Concerning Gum arabic prices at Elobeid Crops Market (20002015), a sharp increase (R = 0.66) encountered by using nominal market price based on local currency (SDG), while a moderate increase (R = 0.29) prevailed when using shadow exchange rate based on foreign currency (US$). On the other hand, the price of the commodity at Enuhud Crops Market (2003-2015) demonstrated an overall increasing trend (R = 0.86) at local currency. Setting of Gum arabic prices at rural, urban and central markets showed different scenarios of pricing mechanisms including compromising between sellers and buyers, real auctioning, and determination of prices solely by buyers. The market fees and taxes per quintal resulted in significant differences (P≤ 0.01) between central, urban and rural markets. With regard to post harvest, handling and quality aspects, the findings indicated that some progress has been realized recently in central markets particularly in using electronic balances, start adopting certification process and improving grading and packing procedures. The paper was concluded with some frameworks, which might play a major a role in market reforms.


havioral questions that can be readily addressed gives students the opportunity to suggest their own hypotheses and experiments. The projects emphasize the methodology of a scientist and, we hope, the excitement that accompanies creative thinking and novel results. Rationale "Talking" to animals requires a common language, and feeding behavior can provide just such a language. Mixing food into a substrate creates a food patch and provides a technique for "asking" foragers how they perceive their environment. The food patches are like a survey distributed to the animals being investigated. The animals fill out the survey by digging for and harvesting food from the tray's substrate and then sign these trays with footprints, body marks and other telltale disturbances of the substrate. The amount of food left in the patch contains the answer to the survey.


This is the description of an investigation into an outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) that involved 22 inpatients in a public Brazilian hospital specialising in cardiac surgery, where these bacteria had never been isolated before. The dissemination of KPC also involved an external patient. This is the first description of a KPC outbreak in a Brazilian hospital.


Time lapse or 4D gravity is the development of gravity methods with the fourth dimension is time. This method is characterized by repetitive measurements over a period of time using a high-precision gravity measuring device (gravimeter) which is supported by high accuracy measurement of position. In the case of a fault that triggers an earthquake, layers that have a different density between layers will have the effect of changing the measured value of the gravitational field on the surface. The difference in the value of measured gravity before and after the occurrence of a fault as a result of an earthquake is what gives the value of time lapse gravity. The model of position displacement of the layers before and after the earthquake, provides a model of density between times whose gravitational anomalies can be calculated by forward response. The response of time-lapse forward model (synthetic data) is then optimized to obtain an inversion model. Inversion programming is made using the Mathlab program which is based on the semi-infinite horizontal slab equation. The model parameters that are optimized are horizontal position, depth, and amplitude factor of faulted layers. The program testing on 3 different synthetic data shows that the fastest optimization was obtained in the 7th iteration step. The smallest RMS error from the 3 models was 1.23. 10-5. This inversion program can be applied to time lapse gravity anomalies results of measurements in the field in active fault zones before and after the occurrence of an earthquake


Aluminum-alloy samples of slot antenna array were fabricated directly on a Nd:YAG laser cutting system and the combined effects of power and feed rate on slot size, surface roughness, and striation frequency have been studied. Regression analysis was used to develop models that describe the effect of the independent process parameters on laser cut quality of aluminum-alloy slot array. For the range of operation conditions tested, it was observed that power had a major effect on slot size, while feed rate affects were secondary. On the other hand, surface roughness and striation frequency were affected most by feed rate. At low power levels, low feed rates gave good surface roughness and low striation frequency. For optimum laser fabricating property, the surface roughness is kept at a minimum. The dimension size can be controlled within the error allowance (mu m level), and the productivity is improved more effectively than that of other methods, such as EDM, milling. By changing the antenna from the milling slot antenna to the laser fabrication, the detected sensitivity improved by 2-3 times


A new heat-aided recording method, thermal rheography, which employs no ink film is proposed. With this method, a paste ink is directly heated and melted through a porous thermal-print head, upon which it passes through holes engraved in the heating elements. Since the recording process uses no ink film, the operational cost is low and the need for a film-feed mechanism is eliminated.

To realize this method: 1) the relation between paste ink composition and recording characteristics; and 2) the construction of porous thermal-printing-head are investigated. the method can attain according density 1.0 with energy 30 mI/mm2, compatible with G3 thermalsensitive paper recording.


The growing number of stakeholders that consider aspects of sustainability in their decisions requires larger amount and quality of information. In this sense, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) proposed a standard to disclose sustainability aspects of companies, named sustainability report. The use of GRI standards by companies has been growing worldwide and it is considered a step forward in the search for sustainability. Companies that disclose sustainability aspects based on the GRI standards are being labeled as sustainable, and generally they achieve benefits compared to those ones that do not belong to GRI. Although considered a positive approach towards companies sustainability, the GRI does not has a metric or scientific approach in calculating quantitative sustainability indicators, which raises doubts about the sustainability degree for those GRI companies. This work evaluates comparatively the performance of companies that belong to the GRI with the sustainability indicator based on the input-output thermodynamic analysis (YLR). One representative company from the 33 economic sectors was considered as case study. Surveys were applied to experts in sustainability, and the content analysis method was used to quantify the existing information in the GRI reports. Results show a non-correlation between GRI G4 and YLR, because the Pearson and Spearman coefficients obtained were -0.167 and 0.193 respectively; this indicates a non-linear correlation and non-similar classification between GRI G4 and YLR. The obtained results highlights that GRI companies are not, mandatorily, synonyms of sustainable companies. Sustainability reports as the one supported by GRI are important alternatives and should be promoted, but the GRI developers could demand for quantitative aspects into the reports, mainly those aspects related to resource usage and waste generation by companies.


Mr. Potter contends that today�s law students are so accustomed to using a
computer that it is difficult, if not impossible, to teach them legal research by
focusing first on print resources. He argues that instructors must design their
curriculum in light of this basic fact, offering several suggestions on how to
teach research by emphasizing strategy, not format.