Congress, the press and technical publications have recently become interested in the implications of U.S. dependence on imports for more than 20 nonfuel materials. This interest is reflected in new policies regarding the acquisition of materials for the National Defense Stockpile, the National Materials and Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980; and the Deep Seabed Hard Minerals Act. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the institutional and technical issues involved. Behind the renewed interest is the vulnerability of some of these materials to the sudden disruptions in price or supply that could arise because of cartels, war, or policies to deny materials to Western nations. Market forces alone may not protect the vital or defense interests of the nation, and Government policies to mitigate against such disruptions may be in order. Such policies could include incentives to develop lower-grade resources, to carry out research aimed at improving recovery techniques for lower-grade or...


The article is devoted to the issues of reducing the negative impact on the environment of the production of soda ash, which is achieved by reducing the formation of gas and dust emissions, as well as their deeper cleaning. The problem of cleaning gas emissions from the production of soda ash is solved by using hollow vortex devices, their comparison with operating apparatus is given. The advantages of multi-stage vortex-type apparatuses for cleaning large volumes of industrial gas emissions are noted. The article states that the task of cleaning of industrial gas emissions is significantly complicated by their large volumes, which makes it difficult to use traditional treatment equipment. Most of the devices currently used to clean gases from gaseous, liquid and solid impurities are characterized by low throughput due to small maximum permissible gas velocities in the apparatus. The necessity of using multistage vortex devices for cleaning gas emissions from ammonia and soda dust is substantiated. The advantages of the apparatus of this group are noted low hydraulic resistance, high efficiency and low energy and metal capacity. The comparison of vortex devices with other active gas cleaning devices according to fractional efficiency is given. The scheme of purification of gas emissions from soda dust, with its further utilization, is proposed. The efficiency of submicron particle deposition in a vortex apparatus with intensive phase interaction


In addition to providing excellent corrosion resistance, coating adhesion, but endowed with a superior surface treatment agent having an aqueous surface flaw portion corrosion resistance of a metal material treated metal plate, comprising a specific ratio to each other of (A) a polyurethane resins and / or acrylate-based resin, (B) a curing agent, (C) silica particles, (D) an average particle diameter of 0.01 ~ 0.2μm polyethylene wax, (E) as a dispersant represented by the following formula (ⅰ ) [in the formula, R


Electrochemical reduction reaction of CO2 (CO2RR) into value-added products, such as formate, is a fascinating strategy for a carbon-neutral cycle. However, the pursuit of highly selective, energetic efficient, and robust electrocatalysts is a prerequisite for its implementation. Herein, SnSe2 nanorods supported on carbon cloth (CC) is proposed to selectively and efficiently electrochemical reduce CO2 into formate. The integrated SnSe2@CC electrocatalyst is prepared by a combination of hydrothermal reaction and selenylation. Notably, this electrocatalyst is capable of generating formate with a considerable current density of 12.0 mA cm–2 and a high formate faradaic efficiency of 88.4% at a low potential of −0.76 V (vs RHE), which rivals most of Sn-based electrocatalysts toward formate formation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction pathway involving *OCOH intermediate is energetically feasible. Moreover, the SnSe2@CC electrocatalyst also demonstrates a good durability and flexib...


PROCESS FOR JOINING JOINTURAGE TWO SURFACES, A and B, THESE AREAS BEING IN VARIOUS MATERIALS SUCH AS GLASS, PLASTIC, METAL ... CONSISTS IN: A.APPLIQUER ON THE SURFACE SEAL HAVING THE FORM OF A THERMOPLASTIC TAPE, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY POLYMER SELECTED IN THE GROUP INCLUDING THERMOPLASTIC pOLYURETHANES, polyetheramides OR MIXED THESE TWO POLYMERS; B.METTRE BELOW, BY ITS JOINT, THE SURFACE WITH A SURFACE B; C.REALISER ASSEMBLY BY MERGER OF THE SURFACE LAYER SEAL IS BELOW THE SURFACE B CONTACTING COOLING AND LIGHT PRESSURE .


The growth of wind farms has motivated the development of computational and experimental approaches which supplement needs related to teaching and research in the field of engineering. Even though there have already been recognized advances made in the field of computational modeling, the development of viable means through experiment to clarify the operation of wind farm complexes has become relevant to this area. In light of these facts, this study focuses on a comparative evaluation of two strategies which emulate wind turbines: one based on d.c. motors, the other on three-phase induction motors. In both cases, the apparatus is modeled on time-domain representation techniques and motor driving structures are proposed, allowing for the reproduction of features typically found in wind turbines. Lastly, experiments are realized and the results discussed for the confirmation of potentialities, along with the efficiency of the strategies used.


This study discusses the possibility for a quantitative evaluation of pectin macromolecules bydratation, by measuring the refractive index (RI) of their solutions, using a differential laser refractometer and a laboratory-type interferometer, LI-3, Rayleigh-type. The results obtained have been discussed according to the theory of Ikegami for polyelectrolytes hydratation. Refractometer measurements of ethanol, methanol and water have been done. A theroretical link between the models of Selmeyerand Lorentz-Lorenz has been established, and by means of this link the number of electrons per volume unit of the alcohols indicated has been calculated.


We study the relativistic dynamics of a particle carrying a non-Abelian charge in the presence of a non-Abelian background electromagnetic field. To this end, we extract the non-Abelian Dirac Hamiltonian from a system describing the interaction between the Yang–Mills field and a spin-1/2 field. The dynamics of a particle with non-Abelian charge is quantized directly by analogy with its quantum theory. By choosing a suitable non-Abelian gauge field, we investigate the spectrum in two-dimensional space, paying particular attention to the role of the total angular momentum. Relativistic Landau levels are obtained explicitly by means of an analytical method. The wave functions of the system are obtained in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials. Interesting features of such models are discussed through the spectrum.We study the relativistic dynamics of a particle carrying a non-Abelian charge in the presence of a non-Abelian background electromagnetic field. To this end, we extract the non-Abelian Dirac Hamiltonian from a system describing the interaction between the Yang–Mills field and a spin-1/2 field. The dynamics of a particle with non-Abelian charge is quantized directly by analogy with its quantum theory. By choosing a suitable non-Abelian gauge field, we investigate the spectrum in two-dimensional space, paying particular attention to the role of the total angular momentum. Relativistic Landau levels are obtained explicitly by means of an analytical method. The wave functions of the system are obtained in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials. Interesting features of such models are discussed through the spectrum.


Shodhita Haratala (processed orpiment) is a single ingredient of Rasamanikya (RM). Arsenicals are known for producing toxic effects in humans, if not processed as per classical text therefore, the present study was aim to generate data for the safety of RM in albino rats. In the present study, two samples of RM were prepared by using two different purification media of orpiment, i.e., juice of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cong. and lime water. Extract of Tinospora cordifolia Linn. (GG) was used as an adjuvant. Both the samples of RM along with GG were administered to the albino rats for 60 consecutive days at the therapeutic dose, TED (90 mg/kg) and TED×5 (450 mg/kg) orally in albino rats. Sample of RM along with GG not having the potential to produce any mutagenic or genotoxicity effects in albino rats. Further, there is no significant difference found in the safety of the orpiment on changing of media for purification.


A health care drink for alleviating asthenopia is prepared by adding vegetable juice or animal and vegetable protein juice or a certain amount of ethanol to water, adding food raw materials and a food additive, and selectively adding vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B2, a zinc preparation, taurine, Chinese wolfberry, chrysanthemum, cassia seed and cowberry and processing the materials. At present, 150 million of people have asthenopia in China; the health care drink of the invention can effectively alleviate the inconvenience of the asthenopia to people, and has broad market development space both at home and abroad.


The current study investigated correlates of attitudes toward gay men among 455 Vietnamese students (219 females). The Vietnamese Version of Attitudes toward Gay Men scale (VATG) was used as the dependent variable in four hierarchical multiple regression analyses, with gender, traditional male role attitudes, knowledge about gay issues, and number of gay friends as the independent variables. The VATG formed four factors: Social Distance, Positive Attitudes, Moral Condemnation, and Effeminacy. The results indicated that knowledge about gay issues predicted four subscales of the VATG. These relationships were moderated by gender. Effects of traditional male role attitudes on four subscales of the VATG were significant for both genders. Social Distance and Moral Condemnation were predicted by the number of gay friends. This study suggested a potential role of knowledge about gay issues in improving Vietnamese attitudes toward gay men.


The suitable management of nitrogen for the garlic crop is determinant to get high yields of bulbs. However this management can be aided with the use of a nutritional diagnostic more accurately. The work objective was to evaluate the use of evaluation technologies at real time of the nutritional status of nitrogen of garlic plants free of virus submitted to nitrogen doses. The experiment was conducted on a commercial crop at Fraiburgo-SC, where was tested on a factorial scheme 4x4x4 increasing doses of nitrogen (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha -1 ). These doses were applied in three steps: planting, first covering (applied at 35 days after the planting) and the second covering (after the differentiation of plants to bulbils), totalizing 64 treatments with three replications. As diagnostic tools of the nutritional state of N was evaluated the use of chlorophyll meter and the nitrate levels in the soil solution and in the petiole sap. It was verified that the increase of the nitrogen doses in the first and second coverings increased the relative chlorophyll content of the leaf, as well as the nitrate levels in the petiole sap and in the soil solution. The use of tools to diagnose the nutritional status of N in plants in real time, whether nitrate ion meters of petiole sap or soil solution, or the use of chlorophyll, has great potential in monitoring the nutritional status of garlic plants.


June 20, 2013 The North China Block (NCB) experienced extensive lithospheric thinning and subsequent mantle accretion in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic, but their mechanism remains controversial. This paper reports in situ chemical and oxygen isotope analyses on olivine xenocrysts and porphyroclastic olivines in mantle xenoliths hosted in the late Cretaceous basalts from Junan and Qingdao, the Sulu orogen. The results show that all these olivines have low   18 O values relative to normal mantle peridotite. The olivine xenocrysts and porphyroclastic olivines from Junan have Fo=87.5  89.8,   18 O=4.1‰–5.2‰ with an average of 4.8‰; the porphyroclastic olivines from Qingdao also have Fo=89.0  89.9,   18 O=4.1‰–5.2‰ with an average of 4.8‰. These peridotite xenoliths have petrological and geochemical affinities similar to newly accreted MORB-type mantle, we hence consider such low-   18 O features in the olivines to inherit from a mantle wedge that was metasomatized by melts derived from the subducted oceanic crust, which had experienced high-temperature hydrothermal alteration to acquire the low-   18 O signatures. Combined the existence of Cenozoic low-   18 O basalts and garnet pyroxenite xenoliths (relicts of recycled oceanic crust) hosted in Cenozoic basalts in the NCB, the subducted oceanic crust


There is an historical antipathy between Literary Theory (LT) and Creative Writing (CW) as an academic subject. CW teachers see LT as dogmatic, rigid and with a complex jargon. On the other side, LT specialists dismiss CW as a merely experimental area, comparatively young in academic curricula. However, a growing number of CW teachers understand the absolute need to resort to LT, to better teach young aspiring writers. I am referring to concepts; technical aspects; notions related to versification and narratology; techniques, etc. Are we watching the development of a new field, the Creative and Critical Studies? In this paper, based upon my experience as a writer, and a Literary Studies and CW teacher, I intend to demonstrate the benefits of this interdisciplinary approach.

Keywords: Literary studies, Creative writing, Creative and critical studies


The 2-pyridone nucleus is an important scaffold present in various compounds with diverse pharmacological activity. Among the reported 2-pyridone analogs, the majority of the compounds either have a substituted ring system or a fused ring system. Till now, several derivatives have been reported by different researchers for their antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, antiviral activity, antioxidant activity, anti-hepatitis virus activity, and anti-allodynia and anti-obesity activities. In this review, we have attempted to compile synthetic methods of 2-pyridone ring by ring cyclization along with pharmacological aspects related to various synthesized derivatives of the 2-pyridone nucleus.


In the teaching of English language , oral English teaching has always been a problem . The author thinks it critical for a teacher to make his students speak English fluently by taking effective measures to arrange his class and improve students' interest in English and creating a comfortable,happy and efficient atmosphere for students.


Hyperspectral imaging payloads are widely employed in diverse applications, including geological surveys, plant research, resource exploration, and more. Despite the emergence of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging, airborne imagers remain crucial in remote sensing due to their superior performance capabilities. This article offers a comprehensive review of hyperspectral imaging payload development and application across various platforms and instruments, with a specific focus on the limitations of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne platforms. Ultimately, this research points out there are several challenges that need to be addressed in future studies and presents an outlook of challenges and future trends. This article also assists researchers in quickly gaining an overview of the existing vast literature in the related fields.


Abstract Objective Hemostasis markers associated with tumors have been widely studied. However, the associations between the coagulation factors and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate these associations. Patients and methods PTC patients treated at Shengjing Hospital between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups. Clinical, ultrasound, and pathological patient characteristics were recorded. The blood routine, coagulation factors, and thyroid function data were compared. Results A total of 50 patients were selected and divided into Group 1 [complicated with second primary malignancies (SPMs)], Group 2 (with postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis), and Group 3 (control group). The ages of patients in Group 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group. The neutrophil ratio (%) in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3, while its lymphocyte ratio (%) was significantly lower. The coagulation factor activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in the first and second groups was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group. There were no statistical differences in APTT between the first and second groups. Shorter APTT was associated with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Coagulation indicators, especially APTT, may be a new biomarker for predicting PTC prognosis and may provide a new molecular target, especially in combination with SPM and postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis.


the trust on which journalism—and ultimately democracy—rest (p. 6). Clash will interest journalism and political historians, and it is suitable for assignment to advanced undergraduates and graduate students. By focusing on more recent presidents with more conflictual press relations, Marshall arguably underplays the docility of the Washington press corps, whose coverage has historically been more stenographic than investigative. But this narrower focus is far more digestible than Harold Holzer's recent tome, The Presidents vs. the Press. In all, Clash is a welcome addition to the canon, and a reminder of why democracy requires a free and vigorous press to hold presidents and other public officials to account.


Using Maynard's description, an assembly task may be divided into various task elements like reach, select, grasp, move, position, and assemble (Ghosh and Helander, 1985). Activities such as "reach" and "move" are governed by biomechanics of body motions including human factors principles such as Fitt's law. This research investigated the effect of the structure of the assembly and the type of assembly instructions on performance. Two different product structures were used — a vertical assembly, built bottom-up, and a hierarchical assembly, consisting of several subassemblies. Two different instruction strategies were used: 1. top-down sequential instructions 2. No Instructions. The research showed that vertical products were easier for manual assembly, when provided with instructions. For all three dependant measures, there was no interaction effect between the two factors, namely product structure and instructions. Average time for completion was significant for both factors i.e. product structures (F(1, 20) = 4.417, p < 0.0485) and instructions (F(1, 20) = 5.886, p < 0.0248). However, time for learning was significant only for product structure factor (F(1, 20) = 5.239, p < 0.033). Also, trials to learn was significant only for product structure factor (F(1, 20) = 4.449, p < 0.047).


rologists disclosed waddling gait with fluctuating fatigability and bilateral ptosis. Laboratory examination disclosed thymoma accompanied with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody and she was diagnosed as having MG. HLA typing showed that she was positive for HLA-A21/31, B35/51, C8/14 and DR4/11. The patient was treated with systemic 10 mg prednisolone and 3 mg tacrolimus after thymectomy without exacerbation of psoriasis or MG. A 47-year-old Japanese man suffered from MG and was treated with systemic 2.5 mg prednisolone and 3 mg tacrolimus treatment after thymectomy. Psoriatic lesions initially occurred on his trunk and gradually extended to the scalp and upper extremities (Fig. 1c). The PASI score was 9.8. The laboratory examination was normal except for slight elevation of C-reactive protein and detection of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. HLA typing showed that he was positive for A11/24, B46/62, C1/4 and DR4/4. The skin lesions were improved by topical corticosteroids and active vitamin D3 ointment and PASI scores were decreased to 2.4 without exacerbation of MG. The coexistence of psoriasis and MG are rare and previous reports showed only two cases, a Caucasian girl and a Chinese man. The association of psoriasis with MG is rare. So far, we are unable to detect any specific features in the coexistent cases compared with psoriasis cases without MG. Previously, specific HLA genotypes HLA-Cw6 and Cw7 were shown to be associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. In contrast, HLA in Japanese MG is associated with DR9 and DR13. In our cases, these haplotypes were not detected, suggesting non-HLA-associated immune mechanisms in the coexistence of psoriasis and MG. A recent study indicates that etanercept is effective for MG. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, which is successfully treated by anti-TNF-a agents including etanercept. These findings suggest that TNF-a may play a significant role in inducing both psoriasis and MG. Although the mechanism of autoimmune disorganization such T-helper (Th)17 signaling abnormality might be expected, we could not detect this in our cases of MG. Thus, more precise analysis of the Th17 signaling system is required in cases of psoriasis vulgaris associated with MG.


1 OSLO DISTRICT COURT JUDGMENT Entered: 14 September 2012 in Oslo District Court Civil Action No.: 10-041388TVI-OTIR/02 Judge: Judge Elisabeth Wittemann Case concerns: Prohibition on the visible display of tobacco products Philip Morris Norway AS Attorney Jan Magne Juuhl-Langseth Of counsel: Attorney Peter Dyrberg and Assistant Attorney Anne Hukkelaas Gaustad Versus The Norwegian Government represented by the Ministry of Health and Care Services Attorney Ketil Bøe Moen Of counsel: Ida Thue Intervener The Norwegian Cancer Society General Secretary Anne Lise Ryel


preference in acute life-threatening tracheobronchial obstruction with radiolucent foreign bodies. In addition, rigid bronchoscopy provides better grasp for fragmented, partially absorbed or macerated pills as seen in our case, making it the procedure of choice in such cases. Untreated non–life-threatening cases may get complicated by evolving airway obstruction from secretions, edema, and stenosis.9 A follow-up in 3–6 months with repeat imaging may be required to look for the resolution of the abnormal radiologic findings. Siddharth Shah, MD Michael Kosters, MD Kalpesh Shah, MD Anil Ghimire, MD Department of Medicine State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY


With the continuous expansion of China's high-speed railway network, the construction of bridges spanning existing railway lines has become increasingly common. Bridge transition, as a solution for constructing bridges on existing tracks, is crucial for ensuring safety during the construction phase. This research aims to utilize digital twin technology to monitor the construction of bridge transitions and address the limitations of traditional bridge monitoring methods. We employed the Unity3D game engine to create a digital twin virtual scene and facilitated seamless data exchange between the physical and virtual domains using the OPC UA data exchange mechanism. Ultimately, we developed a prototype system for monitoring bridge transition construction. This system effectively monitors critical information and activities during bridge construction, providing early warning capabilities and decision support throughout the construction process. Through the design and implementation of the system prototype, we have confirmed the feasibility of applying digital twin technology in bridge transition construction.


After briefly reviewing the theory and instrumentation, results from a variety of experiments carried out by the authors on the photoaeoustic spectroscopy of solids and surfaces by employing an indigenous spectrometer are discussed in the light of the recent literature. Some of the important findings discussed are, phase angle spectroscopy, anomalous behaviour of monolayers, unusual frequency dependence in small cell volumes, spectra of a variety of solids including amorphous arsenic chalcogenides, photoacoustie detection of phase transitions and determination of surface areas and surface acidifies of oxides. Recent developments such as piezoelectric photoacoustic spectroscopy, depth profiling and subsurface imaging are also presented.


The integrin superfamily represents one of the cell adhesion molecule families that form focal adhesions. Identified integrin genes and predicted orthologues are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes, not only in Metazoa, but also in Apusozoa (Sebé‐Pedrós, Roger, Lang, King, & Ruiz‐Trilloa, 2010). Integrin proteins are single transmembrane molecules that function as heterodimers consisting of α‐ and β‐subunits. In humans, 18 α‐ and eight β‐subunits have been identified and 24 types of heterodimers have been reported (Takada, Ye, & Simon, 2007). These integrin heterodimers act as cell adhesion molecules that bind to transmembrane proteins or extracellular matrixes (ECMs) and play roles in the regulation of cytoplasmic kinases, cytoskeleton remodeling and transcription factors; these roles contribute to cell migration, survival, polarity, proliferation and differentiation (Giancotti & Ruoslahti, 1999; Harburger & Calderwood, 2009). Specific combination of α‐ and β‐subunits accordingly contributes to each biological event in development, morphogenesis or homeostasis (Bökel & Brown, 2002; Brown, Gregory, & Martin‐Bermudo, 2000; Elbediwy et al., 2016). Disruption of integrin functions causes loose adhesion to ECM that results in epidermal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and infectious Received: 7 May 2018 | Revised: 22 August 2018 | Accepted: 22 August 2018 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12641


The study on the inhibition effect of the ethanol extract of Smilax davidiana A.DC on 4 kinds of germs,1 kind of yeast and 1 kind of mould was reported.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the ethanol extract of S.davidiana A.DC on Staphylococcus aureus was 0.12 g/12 ml culture medium,Bacillus thuringiensis was 0.16 g/12 ml,Escherichia coli was 0.48 g/12 ml,and Bacillus subtilis was 0.42 g/12 ml.However,the inhibition effect of the ethanol extract of S.davidiana A.DC on Penicillium chrysogenum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not obvious.The results would be useful for the further development of Smilax L in Dabieshan Mountains.


What information and decisionmaking processes determine how and whether an experimental medical technology becomes accepted and used? Adopting New Medical Technology reviews the strengths and weaknesses of present coverage and adoption practices, highlights opportunities for improving both the decisionmaking processes and the underlying information base, and considers approaches to instituting a much-needed increase in financial support for evaluative research. Essays explore the nature of technological change; the use of technology assessment in decisions by health care providers and federal, for-profit, and not-for-profit payers; the role of the courts in determining benefits coverage; strengthening the connections between evaluative research and coverage decisionmaking; manufacturers' responses to the increased demand for outcomes research; and the implications of health care reform for technology policy.


The next step was to test the analysis of vitamin C from 3 samples of cookies using the Iodometric Titration Method, to determine the amount of Vitamin C (mg/100g) and the antioxidant activity with 2 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with triple repeat per sample The amount of vitamin C obtained at S1 was 60 40±1 00 mg/100 g with 15 55±0 05% antioxidant activity, S2 was 55 95±0 05 mg/100 g with 10 60±0 30% antioxidant activity and S3 was 77 92±0 02 mg/100 g with 22 10±0 10% antioxidant activity [ ]these product can be a potential Anti SARS-CoV-2, which SARS-Cov-2 itself attacks immunity and causes inflammation in the body3


The formation of columnar eddies in a rapidly rotating environment is often attributed to nonlinear processes, acting on the nonlinear time scale $l/|\bm{u}|$. We argue that this is not the whole story, and that linear wave propagation can play an important role, at least on the short time scale of $\Omega^{-1}$. In particular, we consider the initial value problem of a compact blob of vorticity (an eddy) sitting in a rapidly rotating environment. We show that, although the energy of the eddy disperses in all directions through inertial wave propagation, the axial components of its linear impulse and angular momentum disperse along the rotation axis only, remaining confined to the cylinder which circumscribes the initial vortex blob. This confinement has a crucial influence on the manner in which energy disperses from the eddy, with the energy density within the tangent cylinder remaining much higher than that outsid (i.e. decaying as $t^{-1}$ inside the cylinder and $t^{-3/2}$ outside). When the initial conditions consist of an array of vortex blobs the situation is more complicated, because the energy density within the tangent cylinder of any one blob is eventually swamped by the radiation released from all the other blobs. Nevertheless, we would expect that a turbulent flow which starts as a collection of blobs of vorticity will, for times of order $\Omega^{-1}$, exhibit columnar vortices, albeit immersed in a random field of inertial waves. Laboratory experiments are described which do indeed show the emergence of columnar eddies through linear mechanisms, though these experiments are restricted to the case of inhomogeneous turbulence. Since the Rossby number in the experiments is of the order of unity, this suggests that linear effects can still influence and shape turbulence when nonlinear processes are also operating.


The interpretation of culture and the culture of interpretation : proceedings from the first graduate conference at the Department of Literature in Uppsala, April 20-21 1996


The success and persistence of women and other under-represented minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) post-secondary education has been studied from numerous perspectives. Recently, researchers have suggested that success and persistence in STEM fields depends on the development of a strong STEM-identity . However, to develop a complex picture of how students access resources to develop STEM identities it is necessary to understand the formal and informal structures and relationships at the university and beyond which support them and enable them to support others. We know that under-represented students tend to persist in STEM if they become involved in initiatives such as equity, diversity and inclusion in STEM campus groups. Despite evidence that participation in these initiatives can contribute to persistence, we know relatively little about what how students access and participate in these initiatives, or how these spaces can facilitate undergraduate students' identity work in STEM. This presentation explores the usefulness of social network analysis to understand the degree to which these initiatives may create networks of support for students' persistence in STEM.  We also suggest the need for qualitative analyses to further understand and characterize the resources these networks provide.


This chapter explores the use of soil chemistry in distributional analyses to explore human behavior through non-artifactual manifestations of occupation. Using a standard agricultural assessment, soil phosphate (PO4), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) are mapped to decipher how a landscape was used through time. Both concentrations and absence of these key soil elements are indicative of different types of human intervention. Analysis of soil elements within cultural point-type deposits can also be explored using the standard agricultural assessment. The use of this type of sampling in historical archaeology was pioneered at St. Mary's City. In addition to the utility of soil chemical analysis, the approach's drawbacks and challenges are reviewed.


: Through the use of a peer-to-peer network over a blockchain, this project offers a novel approach to resolving the issues related to managing parking spaces. By utilizing cutting-edge technologies and applying a modular architecture, the goal is to revolutionize the way parking spaces are reserved, allotted, and monitored. Users of the park may easily look for available parking spaces and make reservations thanks to the user module's simple interface. It offers up-to-the-minute information on parking availability, ensuring a smooth and effective parking experience. A distributed ledger is created by connecting data blocks that are securely encrypted with user parking information. Blockchain technology improves the system's security by safeguarding user data and enabling secure transactions. The project's scope includes creating a user-friendly interface that makes the reservation procedure easier for park visitors.


Abstract The compounds Gd 3 Cu 2 Te 7 and U 2 Cu 0.78 Te 6 have been synthesized by reactions of the elements at 1123 K in a KI flux. Gd 3 Cu 2 Te 7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a =11.4994(8), b =19.170(1), and c =6.1251(4) A at T =153 K. Gd 3 Cu 2 Te 7 can be considered to consist of one-dimensional isolated Te chains and two-dimensional 2 ∞ [Cu 2 Te 5 ] layers separated by Gd atoms along the b axis. U 2 Cu 0.78 Te 6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / m with one formula unit in a cell of dimensions a =6.100(1), b =4.2150(7), c =10.365(2) A, and β =98.978(3)° at T =153 K. U 2 Cu 0.78 Te 6 contains two-dimensional 2 ∞ [UTe 3 ] layers joined by Cu atoms along the c axis. In both structures the Gd and U atoms are coordinated to bicapped trigonal prisms of eight Te atoms, and the Cu atoms are coordinated to tetrahedra of four Te atoms. Both structures contain linear Te chains.


ABSTRACT The article reports two studies in which we examined how the politicization of religious communities influences both affective and cognitive intergroup differentiation. In Study 1, we used a longitudinal research design and observed that politicization among members of Protestant communities in Germany negatively affected their feelings towards and perceptions of commonalities with homosexuals and Muslims. In Study 2, we used a cross-sectional design and replicated the results with members of Protestant communities in Brazil as research participants and homosexuals and adherents of Afro-Brazilian religions as target groups. However, unlike politicization, which revolves around demands for greater support directed at the larger society, community solidarity, which focused on engagement for one's community, was unrelated to affective intergroup differentiation and even negatively related to cognitive intergroup differentiation, especially in the German context.


ABSTRACT The Osteocephalus buckleyi species group is widely distributed in primary and secondary forests of the Amazon Basin and Guiana Region. Based on integrative analysis, including morphological and genetic data, we estimate the phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries among populations of the Osteocephalus buckleyi group from the Ecuadorian Amazon, focusing on the O. verruciger-O. cannatellai species complex. Our results uncovered the existence of one confirmed candidate species from Sangay National Park and one unconfirmed candidate species. Here, we describe the new species which is morphologically and ecologically distinct from other Osteocephalus species. The new species is unusual because it shows quite distinct morphology, but low genetic distances compared to its closest relatives. Zoobank.org registration LSID: urn:zoobank.org:pub:01F86A33-2D07-4D9E-A8A2-FF35622E3DB9


Polymer comprises ethylene and poly (alkoxide) unit derived from the polymer is determined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), having at least 0.15 unit of amyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms.


The social progress and development cannot be achieved without the innovation of scientific theories, and the basis of such innovation lies in proper cognitive ways. The function and performance of Rudolf Arnheim's visual thinking in the process of the innovation of scientific theories can help people have a further understanding of the characteristics of the creative thinking and the position of this thinking in the establishment of scientific theories from the perspective of epistemology.


To solve the problem of ill conditioned linear equations encountered in many fields, on basis of structure mechanics, the ill conditioned linear equations were modeled as equilibrium equations of a structure subjected to incremental forces. The composite structure method (CSM) for solving ill conditioned linear equations was developed. Compared with other solution methods based on constant differential equations, the mechanical concepts behind the composite structure method are clearer. The method is easily complemented, and the absolute convergence of the CSM was also verified. Comparison of 3 numerical examples shows that the CSM is not only converges rapidly, but also more accurate.


A sample of 37 candidate star-forming emission objects at z between 0.4 and 1.2 selected by Yanny et al. (1990) on the basis of narrow-band imaging are analyzed in the context of interpreting their emission as indicators of star formation at the redshift of the absorber. Results of long-slit spectroscopy verify that four of these candidate objects have emission flux at the wavelengths predicted. Two objects (0235 + 164 object C and 0119 - 046 object 70) were shown to be at the redshift of their respective absorbers by detection of two or more lines. The other two (0420 - 014 object 43 and 0119 - 046 object 15) are one-line redshifts, but the FWHMs of these two lines, 270 km/sec and 310 km/sec, respectively, are consistent with a nearly resolved forbidden O II emission-line doublet. 42 refs.


The green-emitting title phosphors a prepared by an optimized fast and energy-efficient citrate based sol—gel reaction with subsequent combustion in a domestic microwave oven leading to high quality materials in less than 25 min of final heating time.


When it comes to identification from similar products and sorting, transfer, movement, packaging and fragility, characterizing and telling the properties of agricultural products is of high importance. Physical properties such as dimension, mass, density and surface area play significant roles in sorting. This research has been done in Agricultural Department of Bu-Ali Sina University in the period of 2010-2011. Morphological properties of two genotypes of walnut available in Hamedan's Toyserkan have been measured in this paper. According to the measures, the average weight of Hard Shell genotype's Walnuts is 10.91 gram, and for the Thin Shell's Walnut is 11.99 gram in which the weight in each case has got a direct relationship to the walnuts' diameter, length and width and there's a significant difference between them. Also, there's a significant difference between the Thin Shell's nutmeat weighting 7.48 gram and the Hard Shell genotype with average weight of 6.17. According to the measures, there's a reverse relationship between the shell's thickness and content of nutmeat in both of the genotypes. Also, there's a significant difference in sphericity and surface area of the walnuts. Based on the experiments, there's no significant difference between the Hard Shell genotype's mass static friction angle and the other surfaces, but there's a significant difference between the Thin Shell and the other surfaces. As a result, regarding the measurements, Thin Shell genotype is potentially preferred by the customers due to its big nutmeat and easily applied in walnut breaker machine.


31 For Central Europe in addition to rising temperatures an increasing variability of 32 precipitation is predicted. This will increase the probability of drought periods in the 33 Alps, where water supply has been sufficient in most areas so far. For Alpine 34 grasslands, community specific imprints on drought responseresponses are merely 35 understood. In a replicated mesocosm experiment we compared evapotranspiration 36 (ET) and biomass productivity of two differently drought-adapted vegetationalpine 37 grassland communities during two artificial drought periods divided by extreme 38 precipitation events using high precision small lysimeters. The drought adapted 39 vegetation type showed a high potential to utilize even scarce water resources 40 combined with a low potential to translate atmospheric deficits into higher water 41 conductance with biomass production staying below those measured for the non42 drought-adapted type. The non-drought-adapted type, in contrast, showed high 43 water conductance potential with strongly increasing ET rates when environmental 44 conditions became less constraining. With high rates even at dry conditions, this 45 community appears not to be optimized to save water and might experience drought 46 effects earlier and probably stronger. In summary, the vegetation's reaction to two 47 co-varying gradients of potential evapotranspiration and soil water content revealed 48 a clear difference of vegetation development and between water-saving and water49 spending strategies regarding evapotranspiration. 50


Objective:To explore the clinic value of hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy(HALS) for traumatic splenic rupture.Methods:HALS was performed in 19 patients with traumatic splenic rupture.Results:The operations were successful in 18 patients,although 1 patient was converted to open operation.The surgical time was 40-130min(mean 60min).The postoperative recovery was uneventful.There were no death or postoperative complications.Conclusions:HALS for traumatic splenic rupture has advantages of quicker recovery,less complication and trauma,and it is safe and feasible.


Abstract In many literature, it has been shown that stabilizability/robust stability of singularly perturbed systems are equivalent to stabilizability/robust stability of their reduced and boundary layer systems. This paper shows that these facts can be explained by the fact that two steps of the decomposition of full-systems and feedback operation are completely interchangeable. It is shown that the interchangeability enables us to obtain simple viewpoints and general results for stabilization and robust stability analysis of singularly perturbed systems.


Head  trauma often causes cerebral perfusion disturbances that can cause some problems. Conditions of hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypotension and cerebral edema can cause further effect is increased intracranial pressure due to an increase in a confined space, reduced cerebral perfusion. so necessary actions to improve perfusion is by setting position of the head elevation 300 to increase cerebral venous drainage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a 30° head-up positionin the post trepanation head injury patients in improving cerebral perfusion. This study used anonqui valent control group design. Post-op patient population trepanation head trauma in Hospital Mitra Keluarga Surabaya at 1 month Desember 2012 – 10 February 2013. The sample of the study15 patients with post-op trepanation head trauma. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The variables of this study is the head-up 300 in patients post-op trepanation head trauma and cerebral perfusion. The results showed that the average MAP was100 mmHg and  average GCS was 12.4. Based on the test paired t-test with significance level α=0.005 obtained P= 0.000 means there is influence the effectiveness of the head-up 300 against cerebral. Perfusionin patients with post-op trepanation after 8 hours. Head up to 300 can improve cerebral perfusion in patients with head trauma post op trepanation. This research needs to be recommended to the health practitioner, specializing in nursing to provide ahead-up position 300 to increase cerebral perfusion. Keywords: Flat Position, Head Up 300, Post Op Trepanation Head Trauma and Cerebral Perfusion.


We report energy scaling of mode-locked fiber lasers using chirally-coupled core fiber. Pulse energies above 40 nJ dechirping below 200 fs are demonstrated, as well as dechirped durations around 100 fs at pump-limited energies.


Heart rate variability (HRV) allows risk stratification in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, but only few works evaluated HRV in CAD patients with preserved ejection fraction. Aim of this work is to describe spectral and fractal structures of HRV in CAD patients with normal ejection fraction. We recorded R-R intervals for 15 minutes in 10 CAD patients and in 10 matched controls with the same ejection fraction, estimating broadband power spectra, PSD(f), and the recently proposed temporal spectrum of scale coefficients, α(τ). In CAD patients, PSD(f) was significantly (p<;0.05) lower over a low-frequency band (0.047-0.240 Hz) and over a very-low frequency band (0.007-0.022 Hz); α(τ) was significantly higher between 9 and 25 s (corresponding to low frequencies) but did not difer from controls at scales τ corresponding to very-low frequencies. Therefore, in CAD patients, even when the ejection fraction is preserved, a low frequency spectral component with its own fractal signature is absent. In addition, fluctuations at lower frequencies are reduced but, in this case, the power reduction is not associated with an altered fractal dynamics.


A novel long-wavelength InP-based resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) photodetector is introduced. High-reflectivity InP/air gap distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been fabricated by the selective wet etching of InGaAs sacrificial layers with FeCl3:H2O solution. And the technique has been successfully applied to the fabrication of long-wavelength InP-based RCE photodetector. Thus the problem, the unachievable epitaxy of high-reflectivity InP/InGaAsP DBR, is resolved. The mesa area of this type RCE photodetector is 50 μ×#50 μm, the bottom mirror is 1. 5 pairs InP/air gap DBR, the interface reflection of the air and InGaAsP layer serves as the top mirror. The measurement results show that the quantum efficiency of 59% at 1. 510 μm wavelength, the dark current of 2 nA at 3 V reverse bias, and the 3 dB bandwidth of 8 GHz have been achieved.


Parental Encouragement refers to the general process undertaken by the parents to initiative and directs the behaviour of the children towards high academic achievement. The present study aims to probe the relationship between Parental Encouragement and Academic Achievement of Higher Secondary School Students. Survey method was employed and the investigators used stratified random sampling technique. The sample consists of 350 higher secondary school students from ten schools at Thanjavur district. Parental Encouragement Scale developed by Kusum Agarwal (1999) and academic achievement constructed by investigator (2012) were used as the tool. Karl Pearson's product moment co-efficient of correlation was used as the statistical technique for analyzing the data. The result shows that there is significant relationship between parental encouragement and academic achievement of higher secondary school students.


Private prisons are here to stay irrespective of empirical findings for or against their existence in the corrections industry. It is necessary, therefore, to step back and consider them on a broader level to assess how they can benefit current penological practice. It will be argued that prison privatization creates an opportunity to reassess the dominant correctional philosophy in America. In particular, the contractual structure of private prisons allows for "what works" in corrections to be built into performance evaluations. The implications of this assertion for private prisons as well as the current status of the rehabilitative ideal will be discussed.


Nowadays the world is more immersive than ever, but huge bitrate and large Internet delay impede the wide applications of 360-degree video. Viewport adaptive streaming is emerging to transmit quality-variable videos based on user's viewport. To prevent the playback stalling, it is necessary to prefetch some subsequent videos within user's future viewport by head motion prediction. However, long-term prediction is easier biased, which results in videos quality drop and quality oscillation. To alleviate the bias' ill effect, it has to decide whether to download a new segment, or replace old tiles with more accurate viewing probability. To this end, we propose a bias correction based optimal probabilistic viewport-adaptive approach, which selects the best tiles and bitrates to alleviate the ill effect of prediction bias. Besides, viewport quality, playback stalling, and quality oscillation are jointly considered in the optimization model to maximize the Quality of Experience in the viewport. The experimental results confirm that our proposal outperforms the existing viewport adaptive approaches.


Submitted for publication November 17, 2011 Accepted for publication November 17, 2011 From the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Address correspondence to Dr. Elliot Sternthal, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Copyright © 2011 AACE. Abbreviations: DPP-4 = dipeptidyl-peptidase-4; GIP = glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1 = glucagonlike peptide-1


A new method to determine the astronomic longitude is described. The standard optical micrometer of the T-4 theodolite is substituted by an optical sensor array system that is placed in the focal plane of the T-4. The image of a star is projected on the sensor array and converted into an electrical signal. The signal is consequently processed in a signal processor and accurately recorded. The signal processing procedure is designed to eliminate the need for an observer. Longitude determinations using stars of various magnitudes are described resulting in an accuracy of ±0.5¿.


Metal-containing Schiff base/sulfoxides were developed as chiral ligands for Pd(II)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular allylic C–H amination reactions. The use of metal-containing Schiff base liga...


the justice system but especially by social services, public health institutions, and the general public. Recent high-profile policy changes related to cannabis use, as well as for medical as recreational purposes, have led some to announce the imminent end of the war on drugs. Although many good practices have been identified and key discussions have been held globally . . . the war still continues. While this book will not end it, it does make a sound and much needed contribution to the debate. It provides persuasive and compelling arguments that fundamentally question the proposition that drug users should be punished with imprisonment. This book is of particular interest for academics, policy makers in the field of (criminal) justice, practitioners in the field of drug policy, drug prevention, harm reduction services, and social services in general. In addition, this book is written in a very clear manner, rendering it accessible to anyone from the public at large that may have an interest in this topic.


To cite this article: AAITO‐IFIACI Anisakis Consortium. Anisakis hypersensitivity in Italy: prevalence and clinical features: a multicenter study. Allergy 2011; 66: 1563–1569.


The primary objective of this study is to document differences between image characteristics of two sources (illustrations in Na ville, 1898; and images in the cast of the relief at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) of the Punt relief from the temple ofHatshepsut at Deir El-Bahri . Our second is to compare cast images to photographs of the original relief. Characteristics of 30 species in the illustrations were described and compared to descriptions of the corresponding 30 species photographed from the cast at VMF A. The number of differences and similarities were recorded for each pair of corresponding icons and used to calculate percent difference hypothesized to be zero. Compared to cast images, all illustrations contained errors. Total average difference in the 30 icon comparisons was 43.5 % (s.d.=18.5; range= l4.390.0% ). Average number of errors between 300 external characteristics of cast images and illustrations was 4.5 (s.d.=2.16; range= l-9). Over 76% of the illustrations had three or more errors. Cast images were comparable to those in the original relief containing only 5 errors ( 1.6% ). Results of a paired t-test indicated that the average character difference ( 41.8) between illustrations and cast and cast and relief was significant (t= 13.96; p>t=0.0001).We reject the hypothesis that there are no differences between illustrations and photographs of casts of aquatic species on Punt Relief from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir El-Bahari, but accept the hypothesis that cast images are an accurate representation of the original relief depicted in photographs of Meyer ( 1913 ).


Abstract
 A description is provided for Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli, found from infected flowers of Calystegia sepium. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America, USA (California, Oregon, Washington), Asia (China, Republic of Georgia, Japan), Australasia (Australia (Tasmania), New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia (Tula), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).


Internet of things (IoT) has a pivotal role in developing intelligent and computational solutions to facilitate varied real-life applications. To execute high-end computations and data analytics, IoT and cloud-based solutions play the most significant role. However, frequent communication with long distant cloud servers is not a delay-aware and energy-efficient solution while providing time-critical applications such as healthcare. The hierarchical and collaborative architecture with cloud, fog, edge, IoT, computing overcomes the issues by providing computing and storage services at the edge of the network. Further, the use of a cloud-only setup increases the overall energy consumption of the cloud datacenters and emits a huge volume of greenhouse gases. This paper explores the possibilities and opportunities of integrating cloud technology with fog and edge-based computing to provide healthcare services to users in exigency. Here, we propose an end-to-end framework named RESCUE (gReen hEalthcare Services using integrated iot-edge-fog-Cloud compUting Environments), which has four layers, namely, cloud, fog, edge and IoT. This framework has an efficient spatio-temporal data analytics module for efficient information sharing, spatio-temporal data analysis to predict path for users to reach the destination (say, healthcare center or relief camps) with minimum delay in the time of exigency (say, natural disaster). This module analyzes the collected information through crowd-sourcing and assists user by extracting optimal path post-disaster when many regions are non-reachable. The framework is deployed and evaluated using real-life datasets. The experimental and simulation results outperform the baselines to a significant margin in terms of accuracy, delay, and power consumption, and green service provisioning is achieved.


The aim of this compact, well-organized volume is to guide the hopeful brain and behavioral sciences researcher through the entire proposal and funding process, from conceptualizing an initial project idea all the way to preparation of final reports and competing renewal applications. Particularly for the novice grant-seeker, this volume is a useful aid to cracking the often mystifying world of research funding opportunities.


BACKGROUND: Mozambique must increase agricultural production in order to reduce poverty and help feed its rapidly growing population. Increasing yields by using inputs such as chemical fertilizer, improved varieties of seed, and pesticides is an important part of this strategy. The country's prime agricultural lands are also its most densely populated, and tsetse flies in the productive northern areas restrict the use of animal traction for area expansion.


MENO'S ATTACK ON THE ELENCHUS After the third definition has collapsed Socrates asks for yet another, as if things are going to proceed exactly as before. But Meno has finally reached aporia : Men. Socrates, even before I met you, I heard that you yourself are just perplexed and make others so. Now it seems to me you're enchanting me with witchcraft and potions – in a word, casting me under a spell, until I'm full of perplexity. If it's appropriate to make a joke, you seem to me to be just like the stingray, both in looks and everything else. It also numbs anyone who approaches and touches it, and I think you have done exactly the same to me. I'm genuinely numbed in mind and word, and don't know how to answer you. And yet I've given very many speeches on virtue on thousands of occasions in front of many people – and very well too, so I thought. But now, I'm not even able to say what it is at all. And I think you are well advised not to set sail from here or travel abroad: if you did such things as a foreigner in another city, you'd probably be arrested as a wizard. (79e7–80b7) Meno may be making at least three points here. The first and most obvious is that Socrates numbs his victims into intellectual inactivity.


Solvent Balance is the key to prevention of undesirable application and film properties when non‐complying solvents are replaced in formulations that do not conform to pollution control regulations. Nitropropane has been shown to be effective as aid to balance control, improved adhesion and pigment wetting.


Atopic Dermatitis is an itchy, inflammatory skin condition with a predilection for the skin flexures. Studies have found the expression of IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ expression was more pronounced in allergen-specific T cells stimulated by various allergens. A comparative descriptive study cover 21 case of AD and 16 control individuals. The mean level of INF-γ was higher among the control than the cases of AD but there was no significant difference between the mean INF-γ level (P = 0.261). There was no significant difference in age between cases and control (P = 0.053). Keywords : Atopic dermatitis, INF- γ, Family history, Children DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/64-01 Publication date :July 31 st 2019


Objective: The aim of this study was o examine how work and nonwork health-related factors contribute to workers' compensation (WC) claims by gender. Methods: Workers (N = 16,926) were enrolled in the Pinnacol Assurance Health Risk Management study, a multiyear, longitudinal research program assessing small and medium-sized enterprises in Colorado. Hypotheses were tested using gender-stratified logistic regression models. Results: For both women and men, having incurred a prior WC claim increased the odds of a future claim. The combination of incurring a prior claim and having metabolic health conditions resulted in lower odds of a future claim. Behavioral health risk factors increased the odds of having a claim more so among women than among men. Conclusion: This study provides data to support multifactorial injury theories, and the need for injury prevention efforts that consider workplace conditions as well as worker health.


The fruit fly is an invasive pest that causes significant loss in horticultural crop production by damaging the fruit quality. For the integrated management of fruit fly, monitoring is a major component. Automated pest monitoring is most promising and advanced for monitoring and accurate assessment of the status of the fruit fly. The need of the hour is to automate and monitor pest populations using advanced technologies to save time and to examine the real-time situation of the field. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the approaches and sensors which detect and monitor fruit flies automatically.The review focuses on image-based sensors for identifying fruit flies, analyzing the wing beat biometric signature with optoelectronics sensors, direct counting with photo interruption sensors and E-Traps that can provide real-time field information, and presenting the various integrated systems available.With a real-time imaging system, all information about the fruit fly population and infection rate is recorded and maintained in a database. All of this has resulted in enhanced monitoring systems for fruit fly integrated pest management.


Iran and the West. Oil and the first global war. US foreign policy in the Middle East: the four doctrines. Considerations on the four doctrines and on USA foreign policy. Foreign policy of the USA towards Iran. Considerations on American foreign policy in Iran: the prejudices that led to the revolution. The Iranian revolution of 1979. The political situation before the revolution. From the 1979 to today. The hostages' crises in the US embassy.


This article elucidates a unique metaethical theory implicit in the work of several thinkers associated with the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement. After positioning that theory within a broader landscape of metaethical positions endorsed by several prominent contemporary Christian philosophers and theologians, we address the concern that, when attending to the Euthyphro dilemma, the Restoration-inspired combination metaethical theory inevitably collapses into either an unalloyed divine command theory or an unalloyed natural law theory. In explaining how this sort of worry can be mitigated, we offer reason to think that the nonreductive, combination metaethical theory in question constitutes potentially fertile territory for further scholarly work in Christian ethics.


Purpose: To analyze the security of a orthodontic mini-implants insertion protocol, using a printed x-ray-surgical guide and periapical x-ray for the surgical study pre. Method: selected themselves for this study 10 patients in treatment in the Program of post degree of Ortodoncia and Ortopedia Dento-maxilar of the University of Chile, that required the use of you microimplant due to the complexity to obtain the wished movements. I make for each case a printed guide and he came himself to the taking of periapicales x-rays. I adapt the guide for the insertion you microimplant of them and once inserted one came to control by means of x-rays and tomography. Results: Of a total of 35 you implant, 4 invaded the maxilary sinus and one of them I injure a dental root. The amount of you microimplant lost, that displayed an increased mobility or that had to be removed to injure some neighboring structure, during the first week of load was of 3 microimplant, which it indicates a 91% of insertion success. Conclusion: Although the surgical x-ray guide is means of important aid, it is seen with limitations due to the bidimensional vision that gives the x-ray and to be a strict guide of direction for the insertion of does not to microimplant, leaving many dependent actions of the experience of the operator. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral Vol. 2(3); 143-147, 2009.


It has been a year and half since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of July 23, 2021, more than 193 million people worldwide have been confirmed to contract the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 4.15 million deaths. In Korea, about 185,000 people have been confirmed and 2,066 have died of COVID-19. Korea is in the middle of the fourth wave of trends, and the metropolitan area is in the top stage of social distancing. Since the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination began in the UK in December 2020, the number of people who complete vaccination is only 13.3% around the world, and many low-income countries have less than 5%. In Korea, the first vaccination rate was 32.27%, but only 13% completed the vaccination until July 23. As expected, there has been a lot of confusion, controversy, and even fake news and rumors over the past five months since the vaccination against COVID-19 began in Korea on February 26, 2021. People's views on vaccination are bound to vary depending on their experience, perspective, and even political stance. In this article, we wanted to introduce the arguments and conflicts that could arise during vaccinations and suggest what we should think about so that many people can get vaccinated without hesitation.


The precise definition and meaning of single electrode potentials is discussed. This definition is then used to derive an expression for the flat‐band voltage of electrolyte/oxide/silicon (EOS) structures. The same reasoning also produces an expression for the flat‐band voltage of MOS capacitors, which includes dipole interaction terms. The difference in flat‐band voltage between EOS and MOS structures on the same wafer involves the potential of the reference electrode and the work function of the gate metal. Experiments were performed with aluminum as gate metal, and a saturated calomel reference electrode. In these circumstances, ΔVFB is determined as 0.86±0.03 V. This value can then be used to derive the single electrode potential of the normalized hydrogen electrode. The result is ENHE = 4.74 V, in very good agreement with other recent determinations.


Abstract Advance care planning (ACP) is associated with improved quality of death and better end-of-life care. Studies have found that both health status and chronic illness influence rates of ACP. However, little is known about the relative association of each factor with engaging in ACP. This study aims to identify the extent to which the number of chronic conditions and self-rated health predict engaging in ACP. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative longitudinal survey of older adults. The sample consisted of 2016 core interview respondents. We conducted logistic regression models to examine the association between self-rated health and the number of self-reported chronic conditions with three dependent variables: (1) ACP engagement (n=687), (2) AD completion (n=1671), and (3) assignment of health care proxy (n=1668), while controlling for demographic characteristics,. Samples were weighted. Analysis revealed that reporting more chronic conditions was associated with higher odds of advance directive completion (OR:1.21, p<.001), ACP engagement (OR: 1.26, p<.05), and assigning medical proxies (OR: 1.32, p<.001). However, better self-reported health was associated with higher odds of having an AD (OR: 1.20, p<.05) and assigning medical proxies (OR: 1.27, p<.01). These findings suggest that greater number of chronic conditions increased the odds of having an AD, engaging in ACP and in assigning medical proxies; however, those reporting better health were more likely to have an AD and a medical proxy. Findings from this study point suggest that individuals with multi-morbidities may be more open to engaging in ACP discussions and activities.


By varying the molar ratio of borax to D-glucose, marked changes were produced in mortality. The least toxic molar ratio was 1:1.5 to 1:2, borax: D-glucose. Under these conditions the intravenous LD50 estimate of borax increased from 1320 to 1770 mg/kg. No sex differences in toxicity were found.

Injection of the borax solutions within the temperature range of 42 to 55°C did not appreciably alter the toxicity.


The EPC/CPC measurement system based on dual linear CCD is a better way to rectify the deviation during strip running.In order to support this system,a circuit on the basis of 89C51 and CPLD devices is designed.Its design idea and system constitution are presented in detail.A better method for edge detection is proposed and the wide applications of SP and FC of CCD driver are also illustrated in engineering fields.It is proved by experiment that this measurement circuit completely meets design requirements.


The Rapid Response Report on Opioids produced by the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) in July 2008 highlighted that any healthcare professionals involved in prescribing, dispensing or administering opioids should be able to confirm any recent opioid dose, formulation, frequency of administration and any other analgesic medications prescribed to the patient. Palliative care patients will often have many …


With much effort devoted by many research groups, the performance of 2nd generation (2G) superconducting wires, also called coated conductors (CC), was drastically improved, leading to many meaningful and impressive demonstrations of electric power devices. Now that the performances such as critical current, in-field characteristics, and mechanical strengths became sufficient to the application, the attention has moved to how we can produce long 2G wires with high uniformity. Many in-line inspection tools are tested and introduced to address these challenges. In this paper, we describe two methods that we adopted for in-line monitoring and feedback control of layer deposition. One is for texture control of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of an MgO layer through reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern monitoring and analysis. The other is for composition control of a superconducting layer through surface color observation and control of metal source evaporation rates. By applying the above two methods, we achieved in-plane texture of about 4.8 ° in the MgO layer, as measured by FWHM of phi-scan of (220) peak, and the critical current of 750 A/12 mm width in the GdBCO layer along the length of more than 650 m, with excellent uniformity.


Writing highly maintainable and efficient software code is becoming increasingly difficult, especially while following the rapid, agile development process and working in a distributed team. One of the key indicators of that inefficient software design is a high degree of code coupling, which leads to unwanted side-effects during refactoring and acts as a burden during future development. To alleviate these problems, we developed a visualization tool, ADA, that statically analyzes an open-source repository and seeks to address the issue of code coupling by providing developers with a powerful graphic representation. ADA showcases the relationships and the degree of inter-connectivity between the classes. ADA will ultimately guide developers to instantly locate the coupled area and assist them in decoupling it.


Polyurethane are used in a large number of commercial applications, including medical devices and artifficial organ production. A variety of performance demands are being placed on polyurethane elastomers (desirable mechanical, thermal, chemical, flow properties and biocompatibility ). Nanoscale modified polyurethane structure are ideally suited to achive this multifunctionality since the best features of different components on nanoscale can be combined to form a new material that has a broad spectrum of desired properties The synthesis of segmented polyurethanes with alternating hard and soft segments, typically result in a microphase separated morphology, which display higly elastomeric behavior that is suitable for variety applications. In general, the hard segments form crystalline region due to strong hydrogen bond associations between the urea or urethane groups, while the soft segments form the continuous phase and remain amorphous.. A one class of polyurethanes with addition branched polyesters are used in biomedical applications. In this paper we are study some characteristic nanoscale phenomena for this class materials. A inovative nanofiber fabric process production, electrospinning are described. Electrospun nanofiber fabrics have several potentially attractive features such as a very soft hand ; the potential of acting as a barrier against microorganisms and fine particulates.The electrospun nonwoven fiber mats possesses a high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity, which lend themselves to a wide-range of applications including filtration devices, vascular grafts, protective clothing, tissue scaffolds. Electrospun of branched polyesters allows control of chain end concentration, reduce viscosity and degradation. Special attention are given to surface phenomena and blood compatibility. The relationship between fiber morphology and processing parameter (applied voltage, flow rate) are developed by numericaiy and experimentaly. However, electrospun nanofiber fabrics have some potential problems in fabricating large quantities at commercial speeds. Mechanical material properties comparison with other polyurethane type production are described. Some nanoscale phenomena characteristic for medical application of this materials are explained.


Oxide deposits on end-fitting liner tubes and steam generator tubes from the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station (NGS) were characterized in advance of the decontamination of the heat transport system (HTS) of Bruce Unit 2. Oxide loadings, and Co-60 surface activities and specific activities were determined for the oxides on inlet and outlet end-fitting liner tubes from Bruce Unit l, Bruce Unit 2 and Bruce Unit 4. Oxides on the inner surfaces of steam generator tubes from Bruce NGS Units 1 and 2 were also characterized. The consistency in the deposit characteristics on the inlet liner tubes and steam generator tubes from Bruce A, along with the absence of magnetite on the outlet liner tubes has led to the development of a model for iron transport in the HTS of pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). The activity transport/fouling mechanism involves flow-accelerated corrosion of the outlet feeder pipes, followed by deposition of iron in the steam generators, along the inlet feeder pipes, on the inlet end fittings, on the inlet fuel bundles and on the inlet region of the pressure tube. The results of loop experiments using decontamination solutions indicated that the oxide was rapidly removed from inlet liner tubes. However,more » removal of the Cr-rich oxide from the outlet liner tubes was less efficient, requiring the Alkaline Permangante (AP) oxidizing pre-treatment that is typically used in light water reactors (LWRs). The steam generator tubes were effectively decontaminated.« less


We demonstrated gold nanodimer arrays could improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). In this research, we explore the feasibility of plasmon-enhanced FCS for biomolecular study using a nanodimer array whose gap size was 18 nm. Fluorescence nanobead with a diameter of 40 nm was first examined to verify if gold nanodimer arrays can enhance SNR of fluorescence and scattering intensities. We emphasize that plasmon-enhanced FCS can improve the precision for analyzing the dynamics of the particle by combining scattering characteristics of nanodimer arrays to surface plasmon resonance imaging technique. We have also observed the fluorescence enhancement and plasmon scattering in the movement of lysosome in HEK293 cells. It was found that we could measure diffusion properties such as diffusion coefficients and anomalous exponents with a low standard deviation.


The current Status of 94 liehen species, of which 83 are extracted from the Swedish Red Data list, has been investigated in Skane, the southernmost province of Sweden. The results, including over 1000 field records, indicate a retreat connected with environmental problems, especially air pollution. 41 species have disappeared, 16 species are considered endangered, 11 species are considered vulnerable, 7 species have become rare and 7 other species are care-demanding. Three species are increasing in frequency. Maps of past and present distributions are presented for Bacidia rosella, Fellhanera bouteillei, Gyalecta ulmi, Lecanactis amylacea, Opegrapba vermicellifera, Parmelia revoluta, Phlyctis agelaea, Pyrenula nitida, Ramalina obtusata and Sticta fuliginosa. (Less)


Major sociopolitical and economic changes have taken place in countries throughout the world in recent years. Changing volumes and patterns of international migration flow have ensued and prompted the allocation of significant resources into the study of international migration. In 1990 70 million individuals were estimated to be working in countries other than their own. While migration may be defined as internal or international permanent temporary or circular; according to place of origin and destination; or based on purposes and causes this paper pays most attention to the temporary international labor migration of low skilled workers in the Asian region to and from the Middle East. Trends and issues in Latin America Africa Europe Asia and Pacific and the Middle East however are also discussed. For example many female international migrants work as domestic servants in Latin America; Africa has a long history of contract workers temporarily employed outside of the country with refugee movements expected to increase in the future; Europe has moved from a region of emigration to one of immigration; and many highly skilled and trained emigrants have come from Asia and the Pacific. As for the Middle East immigrant labor was first desired in the dorm of construction worker assistance during the oil boom of the 1970s. The 1980s was a time of rising demand or domestic labor followed by a post-gulf war period during which many foreign workers were repatriated. Future labor demands in the region will most likely be for more highly skilled and service workers.l Legislation and standards to protect the rights of foreign workers are especially needed as the labor market becomes increasingly globalized. An international and comprehensive approach will most likely yield desired results.


In this paper, we propose a novel classification method, called local manifold matching (LMM), for face recognition. LMM has great representational capacity of available prototypes and is based on the local linearity assumption that each data point and its k nearest neighbors from the same class lie on a linear manifold locally embedded in the image space. We present a supervised local manifold learning algorithm for learning all locally linear manifold structures. Then we propose the nearest manifold criterion for the classification in which the query feature point is assigned to the most matching face manifold. Experimental results show that kernel PCA incorporated with the LMM classifier achieves the best face recognition performance.


Certain features of the design of a digital multimeter (DMM) that require intelligent firmware are reported, including high system throughput, measurement algorithms, and electronic calibration techniques. By combining a fast, standards-level-accuracy analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with intelligent DMM firmware in an embedded system, higher performance levels can be achieved. Achieving higher system throughput on the HP-IB (IEEE-488) interface by both quick setup times and high transfer rates is discussed. Extended capabilities, such as memory management, waveform digitizing, and digital AC techniques, are considered. The storage, initialization and protection of calibration constants, including how they are kept secure from erasure, are examined.<<ETX>>


Four types of β- and γ-peptide models were prepared from our previous asymmetric 1,3-benzodioxole and characterized by means of fluorescence and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. A β-peptide model carrying secondary amide linkages atboth of the C- and N-termini took a rigid coplanar conformation, emitting the strongest fluorescence [Ex.(max) 340 nm and Em.(max) 424 nm] among the four models. Dual intra-molecular hydrogen bonds were associated with the stable coplanar conformation. A tertiary β-peptide model carrying a tertiary amide linkage at the C-terminus took a twisted conformation around the C-terminal to afford a pair of rotational isomers (atropisomers) detectable with 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Both secondary and tertiary γ-peptide models showed a notable self-association property to afford dimers made of complementary intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.


The 1937 Housing Act granted local governments the rights to build and operate public housing. And, while this was a significant win for housing advocates, subsequent public housing policies throughout the 20th century ultimately recreated slum-like conditions leading to another round of demolition and redevelopment. Our paper examines this history in order to make sense of current policy initiatives that, in the name of helping the poor, have sought to reclaim these areas for potential private-sector investment and, simultaneously, re-regulate the poor by attaching the provision of housing to the reproduction of labour.


Much of the literature on Indian federalism has consisted of exegeses of constitutional provisions governing center-state relations. The influence of the social and political milieu on the actual operation of these provisions has largely been ignored. As West Bengal and the Federalizing Process in India so ably demonstrates, center-state relations in policy formulation and implementation are considerably more dynamic and complex than a reading of the Indian constitution would lead us to believe. In order to understand this complexity, Professor Franda analyzes the nonconstitutional factors which impinged on the relations between the center and West Bengal during the first two decades of independence. Specifically, he examines the role of party and governmental leaders and political groups in the development of policies on states' reorganization, the operation of the Damodar Valley Corporation, and land reform in West Bengal. All the case studies were completed before 1967, during a period when the Congress party was in a majority in both the state and central legislatures—a fact which is important in understanding West Bengal's experience in federal-state relations. The last two chapters discuss the generalizations derived from the case studies.


Is family business corrupt? Since the Enron and WorldCom cases, there has been a growing interest in corruption in the corporate world. A large number of studies having demonstrated that Family Businesses (FB) are the most important forms of organization in the business world, it seemed logical to look at the relationship between FB and corruption. FB being supposed to be concerned by human relationships and to focus on the long term, they should not be concerned by these questions. Nevertheless, the literature underlines that FB could be organizations able to corrupt the political system. Besides, FB could have organizational characteristics that would make it prone to be related to corruption cases.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of role stress consisting of role conflict and role ambiguity on job performance, and to analyze the role of social capital as a moderating variable in the relationship. Respondents from this study were accountant professions in Kebumen, Purworejo, and Purwokerto, sampling was done by purposive sampling with the criteria of the accounting profession who had worked for 1 (one) year, the sample studied was 65. The results of hypothesis testing using WarpPLS software 3.0 shows that role stress has a significant effect on job performance, but the coefficient of job ambiguity shows the opposite direction of the hypothesis. Inaddition, this study also found that social capital has a role in reducing the negative influence of role conflict on job performance, but its role cannot be proven in role ambiguity


Swelling suppression step of said immersed a paper diaper is used over a swelling inhibitor solution absorbent inhibit the swelling of the polymer and, by stirring while dipping the paper diaper after the swelling suppression step the treatment liquid covers the paper diaper member dissolution water and absorbent material dissolution water and a filtering step of dissolution step, and the covering material dissolution water removal step of removing the cover material dissolution water removed by filtering the treated liquid containing the absorbing material dissolution water and dirt separating the absorbent dissolution water for dissolution in, containing the soil provides a drainage step, a water absorbent material dismantling recovery process is completed using a paper diaper processing method comprising the separated and removed to recover the absorbent dissolution water by filtering step to discharge the process liquid toward the sewage treatment plant.


A 'prudent' diet rich in fresh fruits and raw vegetables can mitigate the effects of a genetic variant that carries an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, a global study suggests.


Arrays for many radar and sonar applications have customarily been designed for equal sidelobe levels. This is, perhaps, as much due to the convenience of the analytical Dolph-Chebyshev technique as to any specific requirement. Using a simple adaptation of a previously reported numerical technique for symmetrical arrays, designs can be obtained whose directional response has a specified taper on the envelope containing the sidelobes. The method is applicable to both sum and difference patterns for both line and planar arrays. However, there seems to be little to be gained by this procedure except in the case when the outer sideiobes are to be more severely controlled.


This paper considers a general framework for massive random access based on sparse superposition coding. We provide guidelines for the code design and propose the use of constant-weight codes in combination with a dictionary design based on Gabor frames. The decoder applies an extension of approximate message passing (AMP) by iteratively exchanging soft information between an AMP module that accounts for the dictionary structure, and a second inference module that utilizes the structure of the involved constant-weight code. We apply the encoding structure to (i) the unsourced random access setting, where all users employ a common dictionary, and (ii) to the "sourced" random access setting with user-specific dictionaries. When applied to a fading scenario, the communication scheme essentially operates non-coherently, as channel state information is required neither at the transmitter nor at the receiver. We observe that in regimes of practical interest, the proposed scheme compares favorably with state-of-the art schemes, in terms of the (per-user) energy-per-bit requirement, as well as the number of active users that can be simultaneously accommodated in the system. Importantly, this is achieved with a considerably smaller size of the transmitted codewords, potentially yielding lower latency and bandwidth occupancy, as well as lower implementation complexity.


The invention provides a gas-phase rust preventive oil. The gas-phase rust preventive oil comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of #32 engine oil, 5-10 parts of octadecyl amine, 3-5 parts of petroleum sodium sulfonate, 1-4 parts of petroleum barium sulfonate, 2-5 parts of sodium benzoate, 3-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-3 parts of zinc butyloctyl dithiophosphate, 2-6 parts of polyether, 1-5 parts of sorbitan monooleate, 2-4 parts of tripropylamine octanoate, 1-6 parts of dodecyl alcohol and 2-5 parts of amino-modified silicone oil. The rust preventive oil provided by the invention contains a gas-phase rust preventive. In the process of rust prevention, the part free from oil is protected under the action of the gas-phase rust preventive; the rust preventive oil does not contain toxic ingredients, such as sodium nitrite, thereby being safe and environmentally friendly in use.


Native Americans have produced some of the most powerful and lyrical literature ever written in North America. This volume examines some of the finest Native American writers, including Joy Harjo, Louise Erdrich, James Welch, Sherman Alexie, N. Scott Momaday, Samsom Occom, Zitkala-Sa, and Leslie Marmon Silko. Yale literature professor Harold Bloom introduces this new edition, which also features a bibliography, a chronology, and an index for easy reference. This title in the "Bloom's Modern Critical Views" series presents a well-rounded critical portrait of an influential group of writers by examining their body of work through eight to 12 full-length essays.


Recent research in macroeconomics has sought to develop a tractable form of heterogeneity in attempting to model sluggish responses in the price level. In addition, economists have struggled to explain why the demand for safe assets has increased as evidenced by the decline in real interest rates and even nominal interest rates in the last three decades [King, M (2017). Uncertainty and large swings in activity. In National Bureau of Economic Research Martin Feldstein Lecture, Cambridge, MA: NBER Summer Institute; King, M and D Low (2014). Measuring the 'World' Interest Rate. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 19887, Cambridge, MA]. We build a simple two-period lived overlapping generations model that displays both heterogeneity of expectations and robustness. Our goal is to derive the economic impacts associated with greater uncertainty; more specifically, to answer the question can these two versions of uncertainty account for an increase in the demand for money and the low return on safe assets? Since analysis of even such a simple model requires a lot of technical work, we put most of this technical work into a rather lengthy technical Appendix for the benefit of readers who wish to follow such details. The main text in the paper will just focus on the basic economics.


The activities of multinational enterprises can have significant impact on the provision of clean and sufficient water in all parts of the world. The activities of private enterprises in the water market and in other business sectors are regulated by the domestic legal system. However, often these regulations may not be sufficient due to regulatory weaknesses, the transnational character of the respective companies or because of their sheer economic power. Regulating multinational corporations through international norms and instruments is therefore an increasingly important element of global economic governance. This paper addresses the human rights-based regulation of multinational enterprises as an instrument to protect the human right to water as well as an element of the global regulatory framework of the water market. The chapter sketches the conceptual and institutional framework of such an approach and then analyses four case studies brought before different National Contact Points which are vested with the implementation of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Based on these case studies a few preliminary conclusions will be drawn. It will also be shown that the soft case law of the NCPs when implementing OECD Guidelines provides rich empirical material which could be used to develop further the legal principles regulating the activities of multinational companies in particular in areas which may affect human rights.


Providing wireless communication in high mobility scenarios between transmitter and receiver, such as vehicular environment, is a new challenge derived from the necessity to guarantee wireless access in the most practical real situations. In modern communication systems the proof of the proper function under realistic conditions and in different environments is needed. The simulation through software tools does not produce results in real time and is additionally quite lengthy. Consequently, the simulation of communication systems in hardware becomes necessary.
This thesis deals with the implementation of an emulation system for multipath fading wireless channels based on FPGA. The model used for the simulation is mainly applied in channels where the signal propagation environment is changing at a very fast pace, i.e. suitable for applications on communication between vehicles, and is referred to channels where both the transmitter and receiver have only one antenna (Single input – Single output). However, it could easily be extended to Multiple inputs – Multiple outputs (MIMO) systems, i.e. systems that have more than one communication links.
The design of the emulation system was accomplished using parametric VHDL code to enable the simulation of several different channels. The Synthesis tool that was used for the system's implementation in a suitable FPGA was the Vivado Design Suite of Xilinx. Moreover, in order to verify the proper operation of the system, a reference model was designed in Matlab. The main objectives were a system characterized by low design complexity, flexibility in its applicability and high data rate.


10.1002/hlca.200390311.abs A series of oligonucleotides containing (5′S)-5′-C-butyl- and (5′S)-5′-C-isopentyl-substituted 2′-deoxyribonucleosides were designed, prepared, and characterized with the intention to explore alkyl-zipper formation between opposing alkyl chains across the minor groove of oligonucleotide duplexes as a means to modulate DNA-duplex stability. From four possible arrangements of the alkyl groups that differ in the density of packing of the alkyl chains across the minor groove, three (duplex types I–III, Fig. 2) could experimentally be realized and their duplex-forming properties analyzed by UV-melting curves, CD spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), as well as by molecular modeling. The results show that all arrangements of alkyl residues within the minor groove of DNA are thermally destabilizing by 1.5–3°/modification in Tm. We found that, within the proposed duplexes with more loosely packed alkyl groups (type-III duplexes), accommodation of alkyl residues without extended distorsion of the helical parameters of B-DNA is possible but does not lead to higher thermodynamic stability. The more densely packed and more unevenly distributed arrangement (type-II duplexes) seems to suffer from ecliptic positioning of opposite alkyl groups, which might account for a systematic negative contribution to stability due to steric interactions. The decreased stability in the type-III duplexes described here may be due either to missing hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl groups (not bulky enough to make close contacts), or to an overcompensation of favorable alkyl-zipper formation presumably by loss of structured H2O in the minor groove.


Abstract Inferences of subsistence patterns and palaeoenvironments derived from archaeofaunal remains ultimately depend upon the methodology used to collect the samples. An entire spectrum of small- and medium-sized animals is often under-represented or not recovered with the use of 1 4  in. mesh, yet this screen size has become the "industry standard" in North American archaeology, especially the South-west. Comparisons are presented for archaeofaunal remains recovered using several screen sizes and flotation samples from the Maricopa Road Site and Pueblo Grande, two Hohokam sites ( ad 700 to 1450) in southern Arizona. Results indicate that (1) if control units are excavated with 1 8  in. screens, correction values might be applied in some cases to faunal samples recovered with 1 4  in.; (2) the Lagomorph Index is biased against cottontails when 1 4  in. screens are employed; (3) 90% of fish remains at sites may be lost through 1 4  in.; and (4) bones collected from flotation samples are of limited value in most archaeofaunal studies from a quantitative standpoint because the data are incompatible with other faunal recovery techniques.


Aim. This study aims to compare the intraoperative, immediate postoperative and long-term postoperative results of stenting followed by final kissing balloon angioplasty (FKB) and without FKB for left coronary artery (LCA) bifurcation lesions in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.Material and methods. We plan to perform an open-label, prospective, randomized, single-center, cohort trial that will include 40 patients with left main coronary artery bifurcation lesion, who will undergo stenting procedure followed by FKB or without FKB, using the second-generation drug-eluting stents. Randomization into two groups will be done after performing coronary angiography, confirming the inclusion criteria and the absence of non-inclusion criteria and signing a written consent in 2 copies. Group 1 — stenting followed by FKB. Group 2 — stenting without FKB. The total follow-up period is 24 weeks. It is planned to contact by phone on 30th and 180th day (±7 days) of postoperative period to obtain the information about patient condition, general survival rate, the events of combined controlled points and drug therapy. During 2d phone contact, on 180th day (±7 days), a patient will be invited to undergo multispiral computed tomography of the coronary arteries.The primary combined end-point: cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident and the repeat target vessel revascularization. The secondary combined end-point: thrombosis and stent restenosis.Conclusion. Our study will optimize the approach to the choice of stenting strategy (with or without FRB) for left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.


This project present an experimental test results on energy consumption of a refrigerator compressor triggered by using thermostat and programmable logic control (PLC). The PLC modulates the speeds of the compressor according to refrigeration load using inverter based on control law written in the PLC memory. The temperature setting for both thermostat and PLC were varied at-8 °C and-10 °C respectively. At-8°C the results indicate PLC consumed 4.45 to 6.79% less energy compared to thermostat setting. While at-10°C, the saving made through PLC is in the range of 6.43 to 12.88%. The fluctuation of freezer compartment is better when PLC controlled. As the energy input to compressor is lower due to the slower speed, this enhanced the coefficient of performance (COP).