It provides an improved apparatus and method for the nitridation of the material stack embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the remote plasma system comprises a remote plasma chamber, the processing chamber and the conveying member, the remote plasma chamber defining a first region, a first region for generating a plasma comprising ions and radicals in the processing chamber defines a second chamber region, a second region for processing a semiconductor device, comprising a process chamber into the inlet port, the inlet port is formed in the sidewalls of the port chamber, the inlet port in fluid communication port and the second region, the conveying member is disposed between the remote plasma chamber and the process chamber, and the conveying member having a passage communicating with the inlet port of the first region and the fluid port, wherein the conveying member is disposed so that the longitudinal axis of the inlet opening for the passage port 20 degrees about the longitudinal axis angle of about 80 degrees to intersect.


Objective To observe different time periods of plasma ET-1 level and its relation ship with edema rAION,and to observe plasma concentration of ET-1 changes and clinical manifestations in a photodynamic induced anterior ischemic optic neuropathy mice model.Methods Photodynamic approach based on induced rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy model.Application of SD male rats 40,were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group 20 and 20 model group,model group and then at different times in accordance with paragraph 4 of the division,Model in rats after eating a free drinking water,in accordance with paragraph 1 day,3 days,5 days,7 days,14 days time period,such as rats were killed,the heart of blood,after centrifugal separation of plasma,Through radioimmunoassay(RIA) to measure the plasma concentration of ET-1 change.Results Control group with the model group between the plasma ET-1 values were statistically significant(P0.05);model group,the 1st day,3 days,5 days,7 days,14 days time period of plasma ET-1 value time differences between different groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion SD rat model of plasma ET-l level of short-term increase in seven days,reached a peak and then decline but continued at a high level.Plasma ET-1 early high expression may be the cause ischemic optic neuropathy of the optic disc edema one of the reasons for the increase.Plasma concentration of ET-1 changes is corrected with clinical manifestations.


Digital techniques for modelling the faulted response of any arbitrary linear shunt-reactor compensated e.h.v. transmission-line system are described. The methods are specifically developed to meet the requirements of offline or programmable test-equipment-based feeder-protection studies. The essential differences in the faulted response of single and 3-section feeders are established by reference to 500 kV interconnections involving 4-reactor linear, shunt compensators. An extensive study of modern distance protection applied to various feeder configurations is reported and the paper concludes with an evaluation of protection performance in a typical sectionalised interconnector of length 550 km.


The different parameters which must be taken into account when using digital demodulation are analysed. The final choice for harware development must be a compromise between technical requirements and problems of cost and integration. The technique used for demodulation also gives limitations to the system.


The invention relates to a drilling tool (1) for a surgical drilling machine (10), comprising a shaft (4), a tip (3) and a coupling piece for production of a rotating connection to a rotational drive unit on the drill (2), comprising the drilling machine. The aim of the invention is to guarantee a secure protection of the environment around the drill. Said aim is achieved, whereby a proximal protective sleeve (12) is fixed to the shaft (4) of the drill (2), with a proximal and distal end and surrounding the above, into which a distal protective sleeve (13) may be inserted in a sprung manner, surrounding the drill (2) over a least a part of the length thereof, between the distal end thereof and the tip (3) of the drill (2).


Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) has long been and is still considered the main test tool for characterizing fiber optic links, i.e. identify and localize refractive and reflective events such as breaks, splices and connectors, and measure their insertion/return loss. Specifically, sufficient dynamic range and thus alike signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility even of long fiber links. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest achievable optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor is to the large extent determined by major reflective events such as the specific trace distortion caused by connectors and splices, each with significant return loss. Realizing this has provided the opportunity window to extend the standard OTDR capabilities list by the appropriate trace postprocessing to predict the BER floor. Accordingly, considering the SNR high, and thereby the inter-symbol interference dominant error generating mechanism, we applied the time-dispersion channel model that determines the BER floor by the rms delay spread of the (fiber) channel power-delay profile. We verified the BER floor prediction in the exemplar practical test situation, by measuring the actual BER on the same fiber link, and found the obtained values well matching the OTDR based predicted ones. Furthermore, when no dominant reflective events are identified on the OTDR trace, it implies very small time dispersion allowing the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix to always prevent inter-symbol interference. This retains the CFO to solely determine the residual BER floor and vice versa, enabling indirect estimation of CFOinduced phase distortion by simple BER testing. With this regard, we abstracted CFO with the AWGN being justified by the Central Limiting Theorem to enable efficient and quite accurate short-term BER (and so CFO phase error) predictions.


Reasons for the failure of the 1968 transport act and the attempt to make BR pay its way with the assistance of a small subsidy are examined. Attention is drawn to the board's inaction, the way it ignored warnings and its failure to achieve planned reduction in costs. Estimates are made of how much revenue br can hope to earn from freight and passenger traffic in 1981. It is demonstrated that BR has scope for increasing prices. Investment and labour forces are scrutinised in order to establish the minimum level of expenditure if br is to cope with anticipated traffic. It is found that large savings in manpower are possible. A critical review of the case for rail subsidies analyses their effect on the distribution of income, the arguments for maintaining loss-making passenger services are examined and an attempt is made to quantify the costs that lorries impose on the community. It is shown how far BR could be made financially self-supporting by 1981 if it were fully efficient and a five year programme of economic and administrative reform is sketched out for tackling the rail problem. /TRRL/


A novel selective fluorescence probe that contains 2-p-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and a viologen unit linked by a flexible chain was synthesized and found to be able to select zinc ions with a clear fluorescence enhancement and a large stokes shift in aqueous solution. This probe can also be designed as an on–off–on molecular switch by the formation and rupture of a supramolecular nanocapsule with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in aqueous solution.


This work presents the analysis of one piston core (1.90 m long) from the upper continental slope at the north coast of the State of Bahia, which was collected at 730 m deep, approximately 9 km from the continent. Ten samples were selected at 20 cm intervals, for defining correlation of the foraminiferal benthonic assemblages with bathymetric, sedimentologic and hydrodynamic parameters. The patterns of distribution and the frequency of the foraminiferal species indicate assemblages mainly characterized by > 1% relative frequency. The sediments are composed of olive gray carbonate mud mainly with foraminiferal tests and mollusk debris from the top to 40 cm depth, and an olive dark (40 – 60 cm) to brownish black (1.20 m) siliciclastic mud, with plant fragments to its bottom. The frequency of the benthonic species increases at 60 cm, 1m and 1.60 m depths in the core. o At the core top, there is a benthonic assemblage with five foraminiferal species that include in decreasing order of abundance: Cassidulina crassa, Bolivina pseudoplicata, Eponides frigidus, Bolivina doniezi and Bulimina patagonica. o Sample 2 (20 cm deep) has a benthonic assemblage with eleven species: Bolivina subaenariensis, Bulimina marginata, Cassidulina subglobosa, B. patagonica, Cibicides pseudoungerianus, Planulina faveolata, Trifarina bradyi, Uvigerina peregrina, Bolivina ordinaria, Eponides frigidus de:and Laticarinina halopora. o Sample 3 (40 cm deep) has ten species: Bolivina subaenariensis, C. pseudoungerianus, Sphaeroidina bulloides, B. patagonica, Cassidulina norcrossi australis, E. frigidus, B. marginata, Cassidulina curvata, L. halopora and Pullenia bulloides. o Sample 4 (60 cm deep) has eighteen species: B. patagonica, B. subaenariensis, B. marginata, Bulimina affins, Bolivina subreticulata, Cassidulina laevigata, Bolivina difformis, C. Anuar io do Inst i tu to de Geociencias UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 Vol. 29 1 / 2006 p. 524-525


The distributions of local void fraction and heat-transfer coefficient of an air-water two-phase flow in helical coils were measured, and the effects of coil diameter and set angle on the heat-transfer characteristics were investigated. When the coil axis is horizontally placed, it is found that, at a high gas-phase velocity which forms the annular flow, there are still fairly large differences in the void fraction and the local heat-transfer coefficient between the upper and lower positions on the coil. It is shown that the average heat-transfer coefficients can be divided into three regions by Martinelli's parameter, 1/Xtt, for coils of any diameter. Among these regions, the effects of the set angle are significant at the second and third region. Finally, correlations between the average heat-transfer coefficient and 1/Xtt are proposed.


The 2021 Programme Study of the Prądnik
Museum sums up the discussion on the presentation of
the heritage of northern Cracow. The world-renown artists
Jerzy Bereś and Maria Pinińska-Bereś who lived and created
their art in this part of the city are not exposed within the
public space, and most likely for this reason they have not
been exposed in the Study, either. Meanwhile, without
any institutional involvement, residents undertake artistic
actions close to the performances of the Bereśes. The
Sledge Protest conducted in the summer reminds of the
Landscape Annexation and The Banner of Pinińska-Bereś;
social garden establishing reminds of the Living Pink;
the transfer of the Prądnik River water is reminiscent of
the Praying for Rain; while neighbourly bonds echo the Kite-Letter and Letters Dispatched with Forces of Nature. Owing
to these unconscious similarities the Pinińska-Bereś's artistic output seems worthy of being included in the proposed
Museum. Furthermore, three additional proposals for the
Prądnik Museum are discussed in the paper: they take into
consideration the oeuvre of the Bereśes, residents' social and
artistic activity, as well as the demands of New Museology
(rooting in the local community and focus on education and
participation). A performance museum may be a reaction to
the lack of collection, allowing to benefit from the artistic
output of the community and the artists presently living in
Cracow, including Bettina Bereś's reenactment. A biographical
museum may provide an opportunity for storytelling and
identity investigation, as well as bonding. The inspiration for
the latter may be derived from the Yayoi Kusama Museum:
it was her oeuvre that was used for the visual identification
in her native city of Matsumoto. An ecomuseum, in turn,
allows to incorporate the preserved atelier of the Bereśes, the
Prądnik River, as well as the post-industrial heritage. Adding
this potential to the conclusions drawn from the Study, in
the northern part of Cracow a new city landmark can indeed
be created.


This paper proposes totally novel kinematics, statics and dynamics of a two-link manipulator and develops a control algorithm based on them which enables two-link manipulators behave more like human or animals. There are two main points: introduction of biarticular muscle/actuator coordination and utilization of the rotating reference frame instead of the fixed frame. These two points are also related to the biomechanics and natural dynamics; humans and animals have the biarticular muscles playing important roles in their motions, and the motion of humans' extremities are usually modeled using the rotating reference frame. The paper reveals that these two points are also important in analysis and control of a two link manipulator, particularly when the two link manipulator needs to behave like a human's extremity. The motions of a two-link manipulator are re-described based on these points, which provides simple and straightforward understanding of the motions of an endeffector. Based on this understanding, a rotating workspace observer is designed and found to be theoretically robust to the singular point since it does not have any function of the joint angles in the denominators of the observer design. Using the rotating workspace observer, Two-degree-of-freedom control is proposed in the proposed reference frame. Comparative simulations verifies the effectiveness of the proposed controller and the proposed reference frame.


Following the failure of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) and fossil fuel source applications for the provision of electricity in Nigeria, the country has been experiencing power energy shortages for over three decades now. More than 65% of the population lack commercial electricity, particularly in the rural areas. This has caused socio-economic problems involving relocation of manufacturing companies to neighbouring countries, unemployment, and endemic rural-urban migration. The research that underpins this paper aims to investigate the potential of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in the provision of sustainable electricity in Nigeria's rural areas. This has been motivated by the strategic value of RETs in identifying when and where electricity is actually required thereby eliminating/reducing the high cost of gridline network and offering a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. A systematic review method has been used to examine various RETs regarding their viability and applicability in Nigeria. The sustainability of various RETs is then evaluated using SWOT analysis to screen the technologies to be used in an energy supply mix in Nigeria's rural areas. Biomass, hydro and solar sources are appropriate for use in Nigeria rural areas. The utilisation level of RETs in Nigeria is extremely low except for hydropower source. The major problems of RETs implementation are lack of implementable energy policy, government apathy towards development of RETs and the low purchasing power of majority of citizens. Further work includes the application of whole life costing (WLC) to assess and optimise the economic performance of the identified RETs.


The climate continentality or oceanity is one of the main characteristics of the local climatic conditions, which varies with global and regional climate change. This paper analyzes indexes of continentality and oceanity, as well as their variations in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the period 1950–2015. Climatology and changes in continentality and oceanity are examined using Conrad's Continentality Index (CCI) and Kerner's Oceanity Index (KOI). The impact of Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns on continentality/oceanity conditions was also evaluated. According to CCI, continentality is more significant in Northeast Siberia and lower along the Pacific coast of North America as well as in coastal areas in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. However, according to KOI, areas of high continentality do not precisely correspond with those of low oceanity, appearing to the south and west of those identified by CCI. The spatial patterns of changes in continentality thus seem to be different. According to CCI, a statistically significant increase in continentality has only been found in Northeast Siberia. In contrast, in the western part of North America and the majority of Asia, continentality has weakened. According to KOI, the climate has become increasingly continental in Northern Europe and the majority of North America and East Asia. Oceanity has increased in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and in some parts of the Mediterranean region. Changes in continentality were primarily related to the increased temperature of the coldest month as a consequence of changes in atmospheric circulation: the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA) patterns has dominated in winter in recent decades. Trends in oceanity may be connected with the diminishing extent of seasonal sea ice and an associated increase in sea surface temperature.


This paper proposes a novel IIR adaptive filter. It takes some features from the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and combines them with the elements from the classical gradient search filter theory to produce an adaptive filter that is characterized by a very fast convergence rate, high levels of accuracy and effectiveness in avoiding local minima solutions. The results from system identification based experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The present invention provides a restraint system supporting a motorcycle during transport, comprising a base (20), located on the base and operable to receive the rear frame of the motorcycle wheel (202) and said chassis and operable to receive the front wheel of a motorcycle frame (102). The front frame can be relative to the base (20) in a continuous linear movement within a certain range in order to accommodate movement of the suspension produced by the motorcycle. The first constraint component (150) to bypass the rear wheel, in use, with said rear frame (202) with a vertical orientation relative to the rear wheel mount constraint. The second constraint component to bypass the front wheel and, in use, relative to said front frame (102) constrained wheel.


Two-dimensional transverse square lattice and fcc lattice are formed in liquid crystal/polymer composites by using four-beam holography. The morphology of these lattices is investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electro-optical measurements are performed.


After house jobs at Harrow, John Frederick Perren served as medical officer in the Royal Air Force, at Insworth and in Singapore. On demobilisation he passed the examination for the Diploma of the Royal …


Following the work of scholars like Sarah Ahmed, Lauren Berlant, and Ann Stoler, who have theorized affect as an essential component of social and political life, this special commentary section explores cruelty as an affective political strategy of the 21st century. Collectively, we extend cruelty outside practices of torture and confinement, and engage with the ways that cruelty is seamlessly woven into the casual instances of everyday life. Since the election of the 45th President of the United States in November 2016, for us, this shift in cruelty is symbolized by the policing of bodies and communities, both legally and extrajudicially. From seeing "good" in violent white nationalists, to the casual Twitter commentary about the fate of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), to sexual harassment, this administration has mainstreamed cruelty as a daily political strategy. Mainstream news coverage has noted this turn to cruelty, with news stories and opinion pieces making references to "Cruella de Trump," castigating Trump to "own your own pointless cruelty," claiming that the president has "a sickening fetish for cruelty," and lamenting that America the Beautiful has been turned to "America The Cruel." While it is important to remember that cruelty has always been a foundational strategy of the American empire and its settler colonial policies, we argue that the current political moment offers an opportunity to study cruelty as an affective and discursive force that permeates the national imaginary. In keeping with this, in this special section we turn to the work of scholars like Berlant, Ahmed, and Stoler to examine how cruelty functions at the intersections of hate, fear, love, and desire. Framed by this broader context, each essay is a brief meditation on affective powers of cruelty. Marina Levina's essay "Whiteness and the Joys of Cruelty" looks at how joy is central to cruel intentions. Contexualized within her own experiences as a Russian Jewish refugee to the United States, Levina provides important insight to what animates cruelty and the pleasures its violent outcomes bring to its perpetrators. As she notes, "the joy of the oppressor is what makes cruelty so effective as a tool of the oppression." In "Love & Cruelty," Kumarini Silva introduces the concept of love-cruelty that she argues has "become a form of citizen making." Engaging with love-cruelty as a sociopolitical tool, Silva maps the ways that love of family and love of nation are seamlessly woven together in narratives that defend or excuse cruelty and violence as forms of misplaced love. Both Kendall R. Phillips and David Moscowitz engage with cinematic representations of cruelty, and its intentions. In "The Safest Hands Are Our Own: Cinematic Affect and the Election of Donald J. Trump," Phillips turns to films preceding Trump's election to show how the genre of white-superheroes saving the nation from a corrupt government may have animated


Producing dictionary requires its own structure or format which is usually divided into three parts which are mega, macro and micro. The reason is, a production of dictionary depends on the needs of the user, either monolingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries or a multilingual dictionary. Besides that, the lexicographer of the dictionary also plays a significant part in the production of a dictionary. Therefore, Kamus Pembaca Inggeris-Melayu, arranged by A. S Hornby, E. C Parnwell, Daud Baharum dan Asraf (1972) is selected as the study data to discuss the mega, micro and macro structure within the dictionary. This dictionary is categorized as bilingual dictionary as the source language has different language as the target language. This research is using qualitative method with document analysis instrument to get the information needed. The result showed that the application of all three structure help to complete the confusion in selection of the best reference dictionary.


A Three-dimension discrete neural network model is considered.The linear stability of the model is studied.It is found that there exists Hopf bifurcations when the parameter passes a sequence of critical values.Using the normal form method and the center manifold theorem,the explicit formulas which determine the direction of the Hopf bifurcations and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions are derived.Finally,computer simulations are performed to support the theoretical predict.


The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma equigenitalium by an indirect-ELISA has been determined in genitally diseased and apparently healthy equines. The results suggested a higher seroprevalence of specific M. equigenitalium-ELISA-antibodies in diseased equines (20.0%) than those in healthy equines (3.7%). Disease-wise specific seroprevalence of M. equigenitalium in equines ranged from 0 to 41.2% (0% for abortion and balanoposthitis, 15.9% for repeat breed and 41.2% for metritis).


from a desire to acknowledge and allow for the proliferation of scholarly disagreements current in biblical studies. Part I constitutes an extensive introduction to the variety of sources and methods used in studying the Old Testament, with attention to traditional biblical sources and the methods used in their exegesis as well as the extra-biblical sources (archaeological, textual and iconographical) and the methodologies which have been developed for their interpretation. With a caveat regarding the terminology of 'Israel', Part II attends to the significant issues involved in discussing the history and religion of ancient Israel before offering a substantial historical survey, from the end of the Late Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period, which elsewhere might have constituted a reference volume in its own right. Parts III (Torah and Former Prophets), IV (The Latter Prophets [Nebi'im]), V (Writings) and VI (Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical Books) deal with the biblical texts using their traditional Jewish classifications and constitute the major part of the Handbook. Especially noteworthy is the attention to larger text complexes extending beyond the confines of single books; thus Part III is structured not by book (Genesis, Exodus etc.) but with reference to Legal Texts and to Partial Compositions, the latter comprising the Priestly Document, Deuteronomy, the Non-Priestly Primeval History, the Non-Priestly Ancestral Story, the NonPriestly Joseph Story and the Deuteronomistic Composition. In these as well as in sections dealing with 'books' proper, the discussion is clearly structured in terms of Biblical Context, discussing the text's structure and contents; relevant Textual Issues and Major Issues in the History of Critical Interpretation; Origins, constructing probable historical development; Theology; and Notes on the History of Reception. Part VII, finally, presents a Basic Outline of a Theology of the Old Testament. After an orientation to past scholarship, it emphasizes the diversity of material contained in the Old Testament and favours a history of religions approach accordingly, before concluding with a note about the Old Testament in the Christian scriptural context. Last but not least, the volume is completed by a series of chronological tables; a bibliography of basic literature on a range of topics covered by the volume and to which regular reference is made in the main text; a glossary, also referenced in the main text; and a series of basic indices.


After the Liberation, the application of the Bulgarian customary criminal law was limited. It is a source of our criminal law along with the Turkish Criminal Law. Bulgarian customary criminal law makes certain adjustments in the Bulgarian legislation. The Bulgarian legislature also considers the rules of customary law.


Design of space-time codes that scale with the number of transmit antennas is a difficult problem. In this paper, we introduce a new family of space-time trellis codes (STTC) that can be applied to any arbitrary number of transmit antennas. This family is constructed by utilizing QPSK STTCs as component codes to construct STTCs with larger constellation size. Unlike the design of existing STTC, the search space in our design does not grow exponentially with the constellation size or the number of transmit antennas. Additionally, we propose a practical approach to reduce the computational complexity of our proposed scheme using interference mitigation techniques. Simulation results compare the performance of our approach with that of space-time block codes for the case of two transmit antennas and several different number of receive antennas, a spectral efficiency of 4 bits/s/Hz, and slow Rayleigh fading channels.


Background: Intestinal infections have been claimed to precipitate or aggravate flares of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The reported incidence of such infections among IBD patients varies between 9 and 13%, but only a few prospective studies have been conducted. Aims: To evaluate the incidence of intestinal infections by enteropathogens in patients with active IBD, their impact on clinical outcome, and to identify associated risk factors. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients admitted because of a relapse or suspected onset of IBD were prospectively included. At admittance, stool samples for culture, examination for intestinal parasites, and cytotoxin assay for Clostridium difficile were collected. Baseline clinical characteristics, potential risk factors for gastrointestinal infections, and clinical outcome were recorded. Results: Ninety-nine episodes were included. Six intestinal infections were diagnosed in 6 patients (5 ulcerative colitis, 1 ileocolonic Crohn's disease), Campylobacter jejuni being the most frequent isolated microbe (n = 5). None of the patients with intestinal infection needed surgery, but two of them required second-line therapies. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal infections among IBD patients do not exceed 10% and occur mostly in patients with extensive involvement of the colon. Infection by enteropathogenic bacteria does not appear to be associated with a poorer clinical outcome of the IBD flare.


A trial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia with important clinical comorbidities. Although clinically described by physicians during the 17 century, it was not properly delineated until James Mackenzie described the loss of the 'a' wave in the venous pulse, using the polygraph that he invented to demonstrate the form of the pulse wave, and Willem Einthoven published the first electrocardiogram (ECG) showing AF in 1906. From that moment, ECG recording has been key for AF diagnosis and subsequently for its treatment. But today, new technologies are opening our eyes to new points of view regarding the diagnosis and management of this old arrhythmia. Dual-chamber cardiac implantable electronic devices (pacemakers and defibrillators) can detect and report AF episodes as atrial high rate episodes (AHRE). AHRE refers to device-detected atrial events, usually tachyarrhythmias, meeting programmed or other specified atrial high-rate criteria (usually >175-180 bpm). Moreover, these devices are capable of recording intracardiac electrograms during these episodes to confirm the diagnosis of subclinical AF (SCAF), excluding other causes of AHRE as noise or far-field detection, and even report the duration of the episodes. Therefore, SCAF refers to asymptomatic episodes of AF detected and confirmed by intracardiac electrograms and not previously detected by ECG or ambulatory monitoring. [1] There is no doubt that AHRE and SCAF are different names for the same arrhythmia, AF. Both AHRE and SCAF have been linked to an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism, nevertheless this risk seems lower than when AF is recorded on an ECG. In this sense, patients' embolic risk, defined by CHA2DS2VASc score, and the duration of the episodes are important to guide the management of these patients. Current Guidelines recommend anticoagulation for those patients presenting with AHRE/SCAF lasting >24h or when history of stroke is present. [2] Therefore clear and evidence based recommendations do not currently exist for


The invention is applicable to the field of mobile terminal, and provides a method, a system and a mobile terminal for adjusting and displaying font size. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the vision ability data of a current user; calculating font size corresponding to the vision ability data of the current user according to a preset corresponding relation between the vision ability data and the font size; and displaying font according to the corresponding font size. The method, the system and the mobile terminal for adjusting and displaying font size can calculate the size of the required font according to the vision ability data of the current user, which is tested by a vision testing sensor, can be widely applied, and have higher accuracy.


The article deals with the main morphological groups of blackberries — erect, trailing and intermediates — semi-erect and semi-trailing. The nature of shoots' growth and the way of natural vegetative reproduction were used as the basic criteria for this grouping, which together reflect the polymorphism of the plant being one of the adaptability indicators to different growth conditions. The expediency of such division for grouping of the existing blackberry cultivars' diversity with complex genetic origin was substantiated. As an additional criterion of this grouping, the shoots growth dynamics of morphological groups' typical representatives has been studied, which shows their differences during vegetation and in transition to period of plants' rest. In the phase of growth completion, the differences between group representatives were particularly clear: erect are characterized by early completion of growth processes, trailing do not finish them until the end of the growing season, semi-trailing/semi-erect complete growth in the term in between the first two groups. There is a difference in winter resistance of old erect cultivars and more modern members of this group of blackberries with different genetic origin; the latter's significant advantages are noted due to their thornlessness and lack of abundant growth. The role of plants' habitus of the main morphological groups' representatives for their cultivation in the conditions of the middle zone of Russia and, first of all, for overwintering cultivars; the value of both erect primocane-fruit cultivars and trailing - less winter-resistant, but the most convenient for winter shelter by habitus.


Monocrotophos is a extremely hazardous organophosphate insecticide that is extensively used and easily accessible in India. Monocrotophos is also simply available in the marketplace and occasionally encountered in accidental /suicidal cases. Being also a persistent organic pollutant, it has banned in the U.S. and many other countries. In the present study we have encountered through a poisoning case and separation and detection of pesticides from viscera sample which have been a tedious task for forensic toxicologists. For routine forensic toxicological work, the detection of organophosphorus insecticides is achieved by thin layer chromatography (TLC) because of its simplicity and rapidity. In this case the pesticide was extracted from viscera by solvent extraction method and separated and detected by TLC, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. TLC is a treasured technique as a preliminary screening method to narrow the possible identities of unknown drugs in biological samples. We succeeded in separation of the encountered pesticide monocrotophos. It can also be separated by using a suitable mobile phase/stationary phase. HPLC offers a cost-effective technique with the ruggedness and reliability necessary for forensic testing and consequently is widely used in forensic laboratories today. GC-MS is one of the most generally used methods for the identification and quantification of forensic samples. As a "hyphenated" method, it trusts the separation power of a GC with the analyte specificity of a spectroscopic technique, providing highly specific spectral data on different compounds in a complex mixture often without prior separation. In this study, TLC, HPLC and GC-MS have been employed for the investigation of monocrotophos in viscera. Veteran forensic toxicologists trust on their own case involvement as well as the unique circumstances of each case under examination.


The case study deals with the fortunes of translation equivalents of the words ἀφεδρών//secessus (in Matthew 15,17 and Mark 7,19) and γυμνός//nudus (in John 21,7) in the Czech Biblical tradition. The paper presents the material from almost fifty Czech translations (from the end of the 13th century to this day) and shows that the expressions (notions) draught, toilet and naked disappear in certain moments and are missing in most of the translations. The author tries to demonstrate in his analyses and interpretations when, under which circumstances and why there was this specific secondary tabooization that itself (slightly) disturbs the taboo of the inviolability of the content of the sacred text.


There is proposed the mathematical model of calculation of electromagnetic and thermal fields of single phase bridge converter by given voltage. The electric valve action is circumscribed by ideal key method. The spatial-time discretization algebraic equations are solved by the top relaxation method. The results of computation are given.


Contemporary computing infrastructure, such as networking stacks, OS and middleware, are made up of layers of software functionality that have evolved over decades to support the broadest range of applications.The feature-richness and the layers of functionality, however, tend to be excessive and a source of performance overhead for Cyber-physical Systems (CPS). Yet it is necessary to leverage the decades of proven patterns and principles in these infrastructures. This paper presents an approach to systematically specialize general-purpose middleware used to host CPS. Our approach is based on the principles of Feature-Oriented Software Development(FOSD), which requires deducing an algebraic structure of contemporary middleware based on a higher level of abstraction of features. The paper showcase how Origami matrices and generative programming can play a key role in realizing the specializations. The paper concludes by delving in to future open areas of middleware specialization research.


In 2013, as a platform with the 22 largest postal companies in the world, the International Post Corporation has launched the e-Commerce Interconnected Programme (CIP) to setup a new cross-border electronic commerce infrastructure. The CIP aims to help international postal operators to provide more reliable services and operations with respect to more accurately and in-time tracking and tracing postal parcels. This paper investigates the opportunities and comes up with the design of a cross-border parcel handling infrastructure. The low level infrastructure is implemented based on radio frequency identification technology for tracking parcels in international shipments. The high level infrastructure can be achieved via a generic information integration framework. The implementation of the tracking and tracing system shows the increased visibility during international e-commerce activities.


TS is basically a local improvement heuristic where the best structure in a neighbourhood is repeatedly selected. Previous TS implementations 7 inserted visited structures in a tabu list and only considered new structures that were not in the tabu list. We have found that extending the tabu definition improves the performance considerably. Here, we still keep a list of previously visited structures called an explicit tabu list. Each structure in the explicit tabu list defines a set of implicit tabu structures. Given a structure E in the explicit tabu list, a structure I is said to be implicit tabu if the distance-RMSD (dRMSD) between E and I is less than α and the potential of I is greater than or equal to the potential of E. The adjustable parameter α is called the tabu difference. Figure 4: The figure illustrates a sequence of visited structures (black points) in a solution space. The visited structures are inserted in the explicit tabu list. The addi- tional green and red points correspond to structures within α dRMSD of the explicit tabu structure. Green points are structures with lower potential and red points are structures with higher potential than the explicit tabu structure. When choosing a new solution in the neighbourhood three things can happen. a) A solution is more than α dRMSD away from any explicit tabu structure. b) the solution is within α dRMSD, and the potential is lower than the explicit tabu structure. c) the solution is within α dRMSD, and the potential is higher than the explicit tabu structure. Structures that comply with case c are said to be tabu and cannot be visited. 0-0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2-2.5 2.5-3 3-3.5 3.5-4 4-4.5 4.5-5 5-5.5 5.5-6 %


The study of Soviet design is an area where knowledge of science, technology, art, and history need to converge; a discussion of it, therefore, seems particularly appropriate for the pages of an interdisciplinary journal. The comments below are offered in the hopes of fostering further discussion across disciplines. In his article, Dr. Hutchings has gone beyond the conclusions of his book (Soviet Science, Technology, Design) to make some rather bold claims for the importance of studying Soviet design as a way of understanding major Soviet problems. He is to be commended for focusing attention on an area which has not received, at least until recently, much attention from Western scholars.


For an animal cell, cytokinesis is the process by which a cell divides its cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells. A new mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of cytokinesis. The proposed model is robust and realistic in deciding the position of the cleavage furrow. We use an immersed boundary method to track numerically the morphology of cell membrane during cell division process. We perform numerical simulations of axisymmetric cells to use sufficient resolution and see three-dimensional effects. We investigate the effects of each model parameters and compare a numerical result with the experimental data.


Designed as a starting point for research in Christian Studies, this guide contains links to resources in many formats. Use the tabs below to navigate through books, journals and journal databases, and web sites.


In this study, in order to apply for steel curtain wall systemto high-rise building, alternative design of benchmarking high-rise building which previously constructed with aluminumcurtain wall system. firstly steel curtain wall systemwas investigated generally. Then aluminumcurtain wall systemwas replaced to steel system. As a case study, muli-span curtain walls, which are consist of 1 span-2 stories systemor 1 pair-2 unit system, were suggested. Finally, evaluation of application was conducted based on reducing profile size of members(mullion and transom), saving construction period, and economical effect, compared with aluminumcurtain wall.


I Scwral historians liavc argucd that thc dcvclopmcnt of thc railways in ninctccnth-ccntury Britain brought hcncficial changc to domcstic horscracing. Vamplcw claimcd that 'it is no cxaggcration to say that thc railways rcvolutioniscd Iiorscracing'; anothcr sports historian, Urailsford, argucd that 'thc cffccts of thc railways on horscracing wcrc ... positivc, dramatic and longlasting [andJ oncc tlic railway arrivcd, tlic local racc mccting changcd its naturc almost ovcrniglit'; and crnincnt railway historian, tlic latc Jack Simmons, asscrtcd that tlic railways 'contributcd largcly to thc growth of spcctator sports. First of all ... to racc mcctings'.2 Tlic mcclianism of this influcncc has bccn spcllcd out morc fully by Vamplcw a dccadc or so ago and inorc rcccntly by both Trantcr and Huggins. Vamplcw argucd that tlic railways


Nowadays, although single-cell multi-omics technologies are undergoing rapid development, simultaneous transcriptome and proteome analysis of a single-cell individual still faces great challenges. Here, we developed a single-cell simultaneous transcriptome and proteome (scSTAP) analysis platform based on microfluidics, high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry technology, to achieve deep and joint quantitative analysis of transcriptome and proteome at the single-cell level for the first time. This platform was applied to analyze single mouse oocytes at different meiotic maturation stages, reaching an average quantification depth of 19948 genes and 2663 protein groups in single mouse oocytes. This reliable quantitative two-omics dataset of single cells provided an important resource for understanding the relationship between the transcriptome and the proteome in cells. Based on the correlation analysis of RNAs and proteins in the same single cell, we demonstrated the expressive heterogeneity of transcriptome and proteome during the cellular biological process. Specially, we analyzed the meiosis regulatory network during oocyte maturation with an unprecedented depth at the single-cell level, and identified 30 transcript-protein pairs as specific oocyte maturational signatures, providing crucial insights into the regulatory features of transcription and translation during oocyte meiotic maturation.


Introduction: Abnormal blood levels of various trace elements have not been consistently studied in the end-stage renal disease. The uremic patients treated by chronic dialysis lose one important route of trace elements excretion and are exposed to an artificial environment of the dialysis fluid. The process may lead to depletion of biologically essential substances or its accumulation in the patient. Thus, dialysis patients are at risk for both deficiency and accumulation of trace elements, depending on dietary intake, residual kidney function and removal by dialysis. Aim of the study: The present study was pointed to investigate possible existence of trace elements disturbances in uremic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment and its relationship to some inflammatory markers. Material and methods: Blood samples of 56 patients on hemodialysis and 30 healthy controls were analysed twice in 3 months follow up period for quantitation of serum zinc, selenium and copper, serum albumins – transporters of the TE in the human body, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukine-6 (Il-6) two important markers of inflammation. Results: The study revealed that serum zinc and selenium concentrations in HD patients are distinctly decreased compared to that of healthy controls, and serum copper was found slightly abnormally increased. Significant negative correlation was found between Zn/CRP and Zn/Il-6 and positive one between Cu/CRP and Cu/Il-6. Conclusion: Disturbances of trace elements are primarily the result of renal failure, but they may be further exacerbated by the dialysis procedure. Negative correlations between Zn and some inflammatory markers and positive between them and Cu, probably suggest some influence of these TE on the inflammatory process in dialysis patients. *Correspondence to: Yonova D, Nephrology Department, Medical University Hospital "Lozenetz", Bulgaria, E-mail: email@example.com


This article provides a brief overview to the events leading up to enactment of New York's safety belt use law on July 12, 1984. For the American Association for Automotive Medicine (AAAM) it was the culmination of many years of effort. It is expected that many other states will follow New York's leadership. Financial support of the New York Coalition for Safety Belt Use has been limited. Current efforts are now underway to implement the law and set up evaluation programs to determine its effectiveness.


In this article marketing informatization as strategic management component is discussed and some results of our research in this area are given. The main purpose of this research is the development of methods, algorithms and systems for gathering, analysis and the use of marketing information for making management decisions. The use of information technologies in marketing as competition strategic factor is noted. Enterprises marketing automatization, the choice of software product or information system for marketing solution which depend on the area and enterprise-wide are pointed out. It is stated that the functional structure of marketing information systems is formed for the needs of particular automatization object. Its dependence from enterprise marketing operation organization, the choice of marketing management structure, tasks distribution and staff duties, the way of marketing information communication are pointed out. Basic points of information system marketing design are examined. Principal demands necessary for information marketing system design are suggested. The results of this research can be used by managers at enterprise strategy development and by IT experts at problems the complex automatization.


Abstract: Maireche addresses the question of values in Augustinian philosophy which, despite its centrality to the Philosophy of Man, has remained neglected by scholars. Perhaps the most important aspect of these questions are related to matters of good and evil, and also with happiness. This paper shall focus on these themes, attempting to illuminate the distinction between the theological and the philosophical.


Farmers find emotional and physical support through kin relationships. Farmers have frequent, satisfying contacts with aged parents. Filial responsibility remains strong even when financial resources decrease. Successful models of health care to the rural population have been implemented.


sification in economic activities that combined commercial agriculture and plantation craft industries. The fascinating essay on South Carolina, authored by Peter C. Mancall, Joshua L. Rosenbloom, and Thomas Weiss, restores native agency in the development of a Carolina Euro-Amerindian trade through the eighteenth century. Despite the tremendous demographic losses endured in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (well illustrated in tables), southeastern tribes became integral and influential partners in the Atlantic economy. Finally two other contributions discuss aspects of the slave trade. Kenneth J. Banks details the workings and implications of the contraband importation of slaves into labour-starved Martinique and highlights the duplicity of some French colonial high-level administrators, who personally benefited from it instead of trying to suppress it. In his essay, Ty M. Reese examines the nature and employment of the African, English, and mulatto free and unfree labourers at Cape Coast Castle on the Gold Coast, the administrative centre of the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa founded to maintain British forts and warehouses in West Africa, in the second half of the eighteenth century. This interesting contribution illustrates the complexity of the structure of the slave trade and how much more there is for historians to learn about it. In sum, the essays presented in this volume are thorough and complementary and offer a comprehensive and useful survey on many aspects of the Atlantic World.


IN VIRTUALLY every putative class action, the entire case will turn on the certification decision. Once a class is certified, an overwhelming majority of the cases go on to settlements, many with large monetary recoveries. On the other hand, those cases that do not survive class certification are typically dismissed, either by summary judgment or by a nuisance payment to the named plaintiff. Accordingly, of utmost concern at the certification stage is the plaintiff's evidence of manageability of the litigation, predominance of common issues and the superiority of a class action over individual cases-elements required by Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as prerequisites for class actions. In recent years, the artillery of choice for class action attorneys at the certification stage is the utilization of expert testimony to either establish or challenge the requirements for class certification. (1) Arguably, the use of certain types of expert opinion at this stage of class litigation is inappropriate altogether, but nevertheless it has become an increasingly common practice. (2) Federal courts, with relatively minimal guidance from the U.S. Supreme Court, have continuously struggled over exactly how, and in some cases whether, to consider expert testimony at the class certification stage. In particular, federal courts have grappled with the use of experts while at the same time negotiating between a "rigorous analysis" of the class certification requirements as required by General Telephone v. Falcon (3) and the prohibition against an inquiry of into the merits of plaintiff's claims proscribed by Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin. (4) Indeed, as recently stated, "the question of when an expert opinion is an appropriate tool in determining whether a class may be certified is a tricky one." (5) How courts interpret the Supreme Court's guidance from Eisen and General Telephone has become inextricably tied to whether and to what extent courts allow expert testimony to be introduced at the class certification stage. Courts relying on the no-merits-inquiry mandate from Eisen significantly limit the use of expert testimony, while courts that separate an inquiry into the merits of the case from inquiry into the requirements of Rule 23 generally allow the use of expert testimony from both parties. (6) A thoughtful and thorough discussion of this issue can be found in the Second Circuit's recent detailed opinion on this subject, In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation ("In re IPO"), (7) in which the court reversed its decidedly plaintiff-friendly construction of Rule 23-accepting plaintiffs' factual allegations as true and refusing to sift through disputed factual issues when considering class certification-as first articulated by that court in Visa Check. II. Visa Check Court's Construction of Rule 23 Established "Fatally Flawed" Standard A. Factual and Procedural Background In Visa Check, (8) plaintiffs, a number of merchants and three trade associations, brought an antitrust class action against defendants Visa and MasterCard, alleging that defendants created a tying arrangement in violation of federal antitrust laws, by means of their "honor all cards" policy, which required stores that accept defendants' credit cards to accept their debit cards, as well. Plaintiffs further alleged that defendants attempted and conspired to monopolize the debit card market in violation of the Sherman Act. (9) Plaintiffs moved to certify a class consisting of "all persons and business entities who have accepted Visa and/or MasterCard credit cards and therefore are required to accept Visa Check and/or MasterMoney debit cards under the challenged tying arrangements, during the fullest period permitted by the applicable statutes of limitations." (10) Both parties introduced expert reports in support of their respective positions in favor of and in opposition to class certification. …


Abstract Two paintings in the Esztergom Christian Museum purchased by Archbishop Janos Simor probably 1874 in Rome are attributed in this study to Cristoforo Unterperger. The paintings of the Martyrium of St. Lawrence and of the Deposition of Christ are considered to be modelli for unknown paintings by the Roman painter Cristoforo Unterperger in his mature period, in the 1780ies.


Objective To explore the relationship between the changes of markers to endothelium cell injury endothelins-1(ET-1),thrombomodulin(TM) and von willebrand factor(vWF) levels in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods ET-1 was determined by RIA,TM and vWF were determined by ELISA.Seventy-seven cases of type 2 diabetes(including 42 cases with vascular complication),and 39 cases of healthy people were determined.Results The levels of ET-1,TM and vWF in the plasma of patients were significantly higher than that in healthy people(P0.05,0.01),the levels of TM in type 2 diabetes patients without vascular complication were no difference between that in healthy people(P0.05).the levels of TM in type 2 diabetes patients with vascular complication were higher than that in patients without vascular complication(P0.05).The levels of(ET-1) and vWF in the plasma of patients with vascular complication were significantly higher than that in patients without vascular complication(P0.01).The levels of(ET-1) was correlated with those of TM and vWF(P0.05).Conclusion Endothelium cell injury plays a major role in type 2 diabetes patients.With the patients' condition becoming more serious,the levels of the three molecular markers are higher in the patients.The research confirmed that the detection of the markers was useful for diagnosis and monitoring the clinical course to type 2 diabetes patients with vascular complication,avoiding diabetic angiopathies.


This study was conducted to determine sex differences in the shapes of the primary flight feathers of the Budgerigar white strain parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus, via geometric morphometric analysis of the 100 sample points digitized images. Results showed significant sexual shape dimorphism that attributed to differences in the patterns of the feather shape within different sex. Females were found to have increase or wider feather area and slightly pointed tip, while the males had constricted shape and blunt feather tip. These differences seem to indicate different selection regimes for the two sexes, wherein selection in females with wider feather area, so as wider wing, can enhance parental care. Selection in males favors efficiency in food hunt and migration. Keywordssexual dimorphism, principal components analysis (PCA), Procustes, Discriminant function analysis (DFA),


TOKYObay Launches Sport Collection For Men – US Made Key Rings With A History. Jan 6-8 2014 ENK Accessorie Circuit at Piers 92/94 NYC 55 St. @ 12 Ave.


Abstract The recovery spectrums of Me. Zr and Ti are studied by means of measurements of the electrical resistivity after fast neutron irradiation at ∼5 K. The effect of radiation doping before the low temperature irradiation on the recovery stages are investigated for Zr and Ti. Radiation doping at room temperature hardly enhances stage I recovery. These results suggest that stage III of Zr and Ti would probably be the 250 K stage and would be due to the vacancy migration.


Thioamides of the formula I wherein the variables are defined according to the description, their agriculturally suitable salts, to processes and intermediates for preparing the compounds of formula I, compositions containing them and their use as herbicides, ie for controlling harmful plants, and a method for controlling undesirable plant growth, allowing a herbicidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I on plants, their seeds and / or their habitat are allowed to act.


Abstract We measured the transmission curves of binary gas mixtures of esthane and propane (and also of each gas alone) flowing through an adsorber bed at 25°C packed with (Columbia 4LXC 12/28) activated carbon. The adsorption isotherms for pure ethane and propane are described well by a modified Langmuir isotherm known as the Chakravarti-Dhar isotherm. Ethane in the binary mixtures exhibits smaller adsorption capacities than that of pure ethane; however, the presence of ethane does not significantly reduce the adsorption capacity of propane in the mixtures. The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) of Myers and Prausnitz and the semiempirical method of Cook and Basmadjian (C-B) are applied to predict adsorption equilibrium properties of the binary mixtures from the known pure gas isotherms. The pure ethane isotherm data at pressures higher than 10 mmHg are obtained from a correlation formula. Good agreement between the predicted results from the IAST and C-B methods and the experimental results indicates...


The utility model provides a pin row female seat three-surface contact terminal structure, which is structured by a multi-point contact body enclosed by three faces, a terminal and a weld leg with extended bottom, and is formed by an upper clamping sheet and a lower positioning sheet. Wherein, the length of the expanded single side of the upper clamping sheet is just equal to the half of the length of the expanded single side of the lower positioning sheet; and the corresponding lower positioning sheets on two sides are shaped by punching and stagger connection, so as to form a structure that a connection edge of the terminal is a double-handle structure and the corresponding connection edge of another connected terminal is a single-handle structure. Elastic space and softness allowed by the female seat terminal are improved. Particularly the molding structure of the terminal is characterized in that in the same material area, the utility model can obtain doubled amount of terminals, not only can effectively reduce material cost, but also can construct a whole comprehensiveness application performance and matching effect of the terminal, greatly improves the structure and service life of the terminal used in the existing market, and goes to a better and more perfect objective.


A clamp band 8 comprises inwardly facing hooks 18, with blunted ends, on a lapping end 14 which engage in apertures 16 of the lapped end 12. Deformation of an ear 24 causes the hooks 18 to underlap tabs 20 which deform outwardly to interlock the lapping end 14 to the lapped end 12. A dimple 22 in the lapping end 14 engages with an aperture 16 to align the free end of the lapped end 12.


ABSTRACT This article provides a brief snapshot of a girls school in Northern India called Prerna. Girls in India are unwanted, unequal and unsafe. Every year a million of them are killed in the womb. One third of the world's child brides (read 'girl slaves') are in India. They live their lives in a grim, complex context where, gender, poverty and caste intersect. They face domestic violence and sexual abuse regularly. Many of them are forced into child labour at home and outside. Succeeding in this grim context, Prerna demonstrates how girls need not drop out because they are girls. Schools can indeed defeat the social obstacles to girls' education if it is so committed and engages actively to counter the gender-based factors that keep girls out of school in order to 'keep in' girls who are in danger of being 'pulled' or 'pushed' out. The uniqueness of the Prerna programme is that it puts an empowerment course with a strong focus on the critical study of institutionalised gender power relations in society, in the official curriculum and time table. It does not treat empowerment work as an extra curricular or after-school activity. Most importantly it demonstrates that classrooms can be transformed into 'radical spaces of possibility' (bell hooks) when the curriculum is centred on students' lives and its challenges.


Field geologic mapping and petrographic studies inv olving X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD )analysis of the Pre cambrian marble body in Itobe area, central Nigeria reveals the occurrence of two marble outcrops (described as mass I and mass II). Mass I, which occurs as a minor lensoid b ody, is light gray, fine grained and outcrops at a road cut about 150m from Alo Village. Mass II, which outcrops on t he Ayanka hill about 800m from mass I along a NE‐SW axis, is dark gray and medium grained. The Itobe marble body and the host rocks of mica/quartz schist and quart zite trend in the NNE ‐ SSW direction; parallel to the dominan t foliation trend of the associated basement rocks. (XRD) analysis of the marble reveals an average mineralog ical composition of Dolomite (33.3%), Calcite (64.9 %) and Quartz (1.8%) for mass I and Dolomite (1.7%), Calci te (92.5 %) and Quartz (6.3 %) for mass II.


An interlaboratory comparison was carried out to study the dehulling quality and cooking time of chickpeas grown in Australia. Results indicated considerable consistency in dhal yield of genotypes determined by different laboratories. Dhal yield of 'T-1315' was the highest, followed by 'T-1414'. The cooking time of genotypes ranged between 95 and 135 min for whole seed samples and between 32 and 48 min for dhal samples. Since India imports considerable amounts of chickpea to meet its domestic demands, it is suggested that chickpeas with 75% dhal yield potentials and about 90-100 min cooking time of whole seeds and 35-40 min cooking time of dhal samples be preferred and encouraged for import.


To the Editor: DICER1 syndrome is a rare pediatric tumor predisposition syndrome that is characterized by a unique constellation of rare tumors and dysplastic lesions including pleuropulmonary blastoma, ovarian Sertoli– Leydig cell tumor (SLCT), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma primarily of the uterine cervix (cERMS), multinodular goiter, and other conditions. Biallelic genetic alterations involving DICER1 explain most DICER1 syndrome tumors. The alterations typically follow a modified version of Knudson's two-hit hypothesis: the predisposing event is usually a germline intra-exonic or splice site loss-of-function pathogenic variant; whereas the second event is typically a highly characteristic somatically acquired in trans missense "RNase IIIb hotspot" mutation. In January 2018, we reported in Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer a young boy with both DICER1 syndrome and 14q32 deletion syndrome resulting from a germline heterozygous 14q32.13q32.2 deletion encompassing the full DICER1 locus. Three additional patients with DICER1 syndrome caused by germline 14q32 deletions have since been described (Supporting Information Figure S1). Here, we report a fifth patient with a DICER1 syndrome phenotype and a germline 14q32 deletion (Figure 1A). Details of sample and consent ascertainment and materials and methods are provided in the Supporting Information. At the age of 13.1 years, the patient presented with vaginal bleeding and a protruding mass. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis revealed a large lesion measuring 9.0 cm × 9.9 cm × 9.1 cm originating from uterine cervix and protruding from the vaginal introitus (Figure 1B). Complete surgical resection (hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy) was performed, followed by chemotherapy with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide. A diagnosis of cERMS, botryoid type, was made following pathological examination. At the age of 14.7 years, computed tomography scans performed as follow-up to the cERMS identified a left ovarian mass. The girl underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and treatment with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. The tumor was diagnosed as a SLCT with moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated morphology. A thyroid nodule was detected during the staging of the cervical tumor but was not surgically excised. The patient's family history is unremarkable for DICER1 syndromerelated conditions (Figure 1A). The patient did not exhibit dysmorphic features associated with 14q32 deletion syndrome but was noted as having global developmental delay (GDD) and some autism spectrum disorder features including poor social interaction, minimal expression of emotions, and inability to hold a conversation. DICER1 genetic testing was pursued in light of the patient's DICER1 syndrome-consistent phenotype. No intra-exonic or splice site DICER1 alterations were identified in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived DNA using conventional sequencing techniques. A CytoScan HD Array was performed on PBMC-derived DNA to screen for copy number alterations and a 1.14 Mb-sized heterozygous germline deletion on 14q32.13 (chr14:94969347-96110546, GRCh37/Hg19) involving the entire DICER1 locus and a further 9 protein-coding genes was identified (Figure 1C, Supporting Information Figure S1). Heterozygous deletion of DICER1 was confirmed in PBMC-derived DNA using an in-house multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay (Supporting Information Figure S2). An OncoScan FFPE Array confirmed the presence of the deletion in the cERMS and SLCT (Supporting Information Figure S3). The sequence encoding DICER1's RNase IIIb domain was screened in DNA derived from the cERMS and SLCT, revealing a hemizygous hotspot mutation in each tumor (c.5439G>T, p.E1813D and c.5428G>C, p.D1810H, respectively) (Figure 1D), supporting DICER1's causative role and fulfilling two-hit DICER1-associated tumorigenesis; the SLCT was included in de Kock et al as case 13. Our patient's 1.14 Mb deletion is the smallest deletion reported to encompass DICER1. Assessment of the coordinates of the five 14q32 deletions associated with DICER1 syndrome presentation identified the minimal region of deletion to be a 581 kb sequence on chromosome arm 14q from nucleotides 95070187-95652125 (GRCh37/Hg19). Four protein-coding genes are located within this region: DICER1, SERPINA3, GSC, and CLMN (Supporting Information Figure S1). GDD is reported in all four of the 14q32 deletion patients for whom intellectual status information was available (van Engelen et al, Patient 8-A2; 4 de Kock et al, Index Patient; Herriges et al, Patient I; and the current patient). In addition, to date, there are 2 distinct intragenic deletions reported which cause DICER1 syndrome and involve one or more exons of DICER1, but which do not extend beyond the gene. To our knowledge, there are no reports of germline deletions limited to the full DICER1 locus only. If we consider typical sequence level loss-of-function DICER1 pathogenic variants, which inactivate one copy of the gene, to be equivalent to heterozygous deletions of the DICER1 locus, it could be postulated that DICER1 does not contribute to GDD because GDD has not been Received: 30 November 2018 Revised: 11 December 2018 Accepted: 12 December 2018


To determine howthepresenceofgeneralised airflow limitation duetochronic obstructive lungdisease affects therecognition ofsimulated upperairway obstruction, astudy was carried outin12patients (mean(SD) age57(7) years) withchronic obstructive lung disease (FEV, % predicted 53(22), range21-70) and12matched control subjects. Patients andcontrol subjects performed maximal inspiratory andexpiratory flow-volume curvesina variable volumeplethys- mographwithandwithout upperairway obstruction simulated atthemouthwitha series of polythene washers ofinternal diameter 4,6,8,10, and12mm. Inpatients, asinnormal subjects, peak expiratory flow(PEF) andmaximuminspiratory flow at50%ofvital capacity (Vimax5O) weremore sensitive toupperairway obstruction than wereFEV,ormaximumexpiratory flowat50%VC (VEmax5o); butthereductions inallindices caused bysimulated upperairway obstruction were smaller inthepatients thaninthecontrols. Thefall inPEF(whether expressed inabsolute units orasa percentages) consequent on severe(4mm)upperairway obstruction became smaller withincreasing severity ofchronic obstructive lung disease. Thesubjects also produced flow-volume curveswithand without 6mm upperairway obstruction while breathing helium andoxygen(heliox). Inboth groups theeffects ofheliox on PEFandVimax_0 were increased whenupperairway obstruction was simulated. Itwas confirmed thatthefunctional recognition ofupperairway obstruction ismore difficult inpatients withchronic obstructive lung disease thaninnormalsubjects andthis difficulty increases withseverity ofdisease; anunusually large increase inPEForVimax5o while thepatient is breathing heliox should raise thesuspicion ofcoexisting upperairway obstruction, butsuch apattern


Tetraethylammonium salts (bromide and chloride) are the latest drugs to find application in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. They act on the ganglions of the autonomic nervous system by blocking the impulses peripheral to the ganglions. 1 The most important clinical application of these drugs is in conditions such as thrombophlebitis, peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans, Raynaud's disease, thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and various other peripheral vascular disorders, in which the tone of blood vessels should be decreased. 2 We have found no report of cutaneous sensitivity to this drug, and we feel that the following case may be of significance. REPORT OF CASE B. M., a 46 year old white woman, had had trouble with varicose veins for seven years. In December 1946 a varicose ulcer developed on the pretibial area of the left leg, and the patient was given 200 mg. of tetraethylammonium chloride intravenously on March 8 and on March 22,


Objective:To study the stroke patients after anxiety and depression in,provide the basis for clinical nursing.Methods:Using Zung's anxiety self rating scale(SAS) and depression self rating scale(SDS) of 78 patients with cerebral apoplexy questionnaire survey.Results:After nursing in advance,anxiety and depression,and nursing intervention reduced incidence of former more statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Understanding of psychological state of patients with cerebral apoplexy,conduct targeted nursing intervention measures,which helps to improve the quality of life of the pa tients.


Elliptic boundary-value problems in domains with a non-smooth boundary were considered in the papers of V. A. Kondrat'ev [3], [4]. He established Noetherian conditions and theorems on smoothness of the solutions. Similar problems for elliptic systems were considered by V. G. Maz'ya and B. A. Plamenevskii [1], [2]. Boundary-value problems for non-stationary systems in domains with smooth boundary were considered by O. A. Ladyzhenskaya [5]. We consider the following system: where D (cid:11) = @ j (cid:11) j =@x (cid:11) 1 1 (cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) @x (cid:11) n n , (cid:11) = ( (cid:11) 1 ;:::;(cid:11) n ) ;u t k = @ k u=@t k , a pq , a p , a are in(cid:12)nitely di(cid:11)erentiable complex matrices of dimension r (cid:2) r on Q T = Ω (cid:2) [0 ;T ], and Ω (cid:26) R n is a bounded domain whose boundary @ Ω is a piecewise smooth surface consisting of (cid:12)nitely many ( n − 1)-dimensional smooth surfaces Γ i . We assume that the surface Γ i intersects only the surfaces Γ − 1 , Γ i +1 along smooth ( n − 2)-dimensional manifolds l i − 1 , l i +1 . We shall deal explicitly with the case when @ Ω consists of two surfaces Γ 1 , Γ 2 which intersect along a manifold l 0 .


The title compound, C19H19N3, is a 2-heteroaryl benzimidazole derivative obtained through a straightforward and efficient protocol starting from julolidine-9-carbaldehyde and 1,2-phenylendiamine. The mean planes of the heterocyclic moieties in the molecule, benzimidazole and julolidine, form a dihedral angle of 40.9 (1)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the imidazole rings, forming chains along the c-axis direction.


Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The N-terminal fragment of AR containing the expanded polyglutamine tract aggregates in cytoplasm and/or in nucleus and induces cell death. Some chaperones such as Hsp40 and Hsp70 have been identified as important regulators of polyglutamine aggregation and/or cell death in neuronal cells. Recently, Hsp105α, expressed at especially high levels in mammalian brain, has been shown to suppress apoptosis in neuronal cells and prevent the aggregation of protein caused by heat shock in vitro. However, its role in polyglutamine-mediated cell death and toxicity has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of Hsp105α on the aggregation and cell toxicity caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract using a cellular model of SBMA. The transient expression of truncated ARs (tARs) containing an expanded polyglutamine tract caused aggregates to form in COS-7 and SK-N-SH cells and concomitantly apoptosis in the cells with the nuclear aggregates. When Hsp105α was overexpressed with tAR97 in the cells, Hsp105α was colocalized to aggregates of tAR97, and the aggregation and cell toxicity caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract were markedly reduced. Both β-sheet and α-helix domains, but not the ATPase domain, of Hsp105α were necessary to suppress the formation of aggregates in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Hsp105α was found to localize in nuclear inclusions formed by ARs containing an expanded polyglutamine tract in tissues of patients and transgenic mice with SBMA. These findings suggest that overexpression of Hsp105α suppresses cell death caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract without chaperone activity, and the enhanced expression of the essential domains of Hsp105α in brain may provide an effective therapeutic approach for CAG repeat diseases.


This research is concerned with buffer management in a multi-cell FMS with an AGVS. Buffers in manufacturing systems are required to reduce blocking and starving caused by breakdowns, variability in process times, and diversity of part routing. Due to the high per unit buffer cost, which primarily consists of floor space and equipment costs, the total capacity of buffers in an FMS is very limited. Proper buffer management can provide a high system efficiency. This paper presents a buffer management model for a multi-cell FMS with an AGVS and a simulation study to compare the proposed model to a conventional buffer management model in a job shop FMS.


This paper presents a discussion, an analysis, and literature review on the available pre-treatment options for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) prior to abatement. The abatement can be achieved through process and equipment modification, and aid on control techniques. Add on control techniques can be recovery or destructive based such as absorption, adsorption, condensation, membrane separation, and catalytic and thermal oxidation respectively. The pre-treatment methods considered in this paper are dilution, preheating, cooling, particulate removal, dehumidification and liquid knock - out. Pre-treatment is the process of conditioning a volatile organic compound stream and this increase the total cost of the treatment technologies. This paper also highlights the factors governing the selection and application of control technologies. Keywords—Abatement, conditioning, destruction, recovery, pre- treatment


Two studies published earlier this month, one from the biotech start-up Yumanity Therapeutics and another from a group led by Dennis J. Selkoe at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, discovered that small-molecule inhibitors of a fatty acid–metabolizing enzyme could alleviate the toxic effects of a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease. Despite decades of research, scientists still don't fully understand what causes the neurodegenerative disease, although a key culprit is a protein called α-synuclein. In Parkinson's, misfolded forms of α-synuclein form toxic clumps inside brain cells, making it a popular target for drug developers. But since α-synuclein is a floppy, unstructured protein, most programs targeting the protein use antibodies, which are notoriously bad at getting into brain cells. "There's been virtually no handle on how you would treat the disease with a small-molecule therapy," Selkoe says. The two new studies present an unexpected way to reduce toxic α-synuclein


The present invention discloses a kind of medicine composition for preventing and treating throat diseases. The medicine composition is prepared with skullcap root 10-30 weight portions, figwort 8-25 weight portions, balloonflower root 6-20 weight portions, myrobalan fruit 5-20 weight portions, mint 6-20 weight portions, and licorice 5-15 weight portions. The medicine composition has the functions of clearing away lung heat and toxic material, nourishing yin, purging intense heat, and clearing away heat of throat, and is suitable for treating various kinds of throat diseases. The present invention has the advantages of obvious curative effect, short treating period, high curative rate and no toxic side effect.


Claudine Salmon ; Through the Treaty of Nanking (1842), Britain obtained permission to trade at five "treaty ports" in China. In the following year, the USA and France decided to negotiate directly with the Manchus. The French Government appointed Theodore de Lagrene as plenipotentiary minister to sign the Treaty of Whampoa (1844). His mission was accompanied by a commercial delegation, the task of which was to investigate the commerce and the various textile industries in China and in all the countries in which the mission made a stopover. When he was in Macao and Canton, Isidore Hedde, who was especially in charge of the silk industry, observed the local craftsmen who produced export paintings; he and his colleagues decided to commission some of them to paint series depicting various industries and handcrafts, among them the silk and cotton industries. Highly satisfied with the results they obtained, while visiting Insulinde, they also looked for painters. In Manila they found Antonio D. [Malantie], whom they entrusted with the task of painting the abaca and pina textile production. The twelve watercolours he produced are now kept at the Cabinet des Estampes of the Bibliotheque Nationale de France. Nothing is known about the painter, but judging from the style of his paintings, one may assume that he was a Chinese Filipino.


In response to hepatitis B surface antigen colloidal gold strip rapid analyzer application characteristics,design a new type hepatitis B fast analyzer control system using the embedded method.The control system based on ARM-DSP dual-core architecture,with low power consumption,small volume,anti interference,for hepatitis B surface antigen colloidal gold strip rapid analyzer is miniaturized and portable design foundation.


: The centuries-old automobile industry is gearing up with the new transformation, electric vehicles. And electric vehicles are capturing the automobile industry with the tag of "0 emissions". Are electric vehicles green just because they use Electricity rather than Fuel? With this paper, we want to discuss whether EVs are sustainable. This paper presents an in-depth study that indicates why our society and consumers are welcoming EVs in a brief time, increasing the demand for more electricity production. This paper also discusses people's perspectives on electronic vehicles and their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the EVs and conventional vehicles' CO2 emissions at the different levels of reading, manufacturing, and on-road emissions. With this study, we want to understand electronic vehicles and their sustainability in depth.


Despite the rapid development of the quantum well (QW) infrared technology, the intrinsic properties of the QW infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have not been directly measured under the operating conditions of the detector. In this work, we introduce a characterization technique, which utilizes the surface corrugation to probe the absorption coefficient and the photoconductive gain of a QWIP under different operating conditions. This technique enables the intrinsic properties of the detector to be more accurately characterized and its performance better assessed. A mid-wavelength QWIP is used for the demonstration of this technique. The results are compared to those deduced from the conventional measurements.


The influence of surface oxide layers on the kinetics of hydrogen emission at the high vacuum of 10 to the minus 8th power torr was investigated at temperatures from 20 to 450 C using samples of pure AB00 aluminum and the cast alloy AMg. Cast and deformed samples of AMts alloy were used to study the effect of oxide film thickness on the rate of hydrogen emission. Thermodynamic calculations of the reactions of the generation and dissociation of aluminum oxide show that degasification at elevated temperatures (up to 600 C) and high vacuum will not reduce the thickness of artificially-generated surface oxide layers on aluminum and its alloys.


A versatile polymeric waveguide technology is proposed for low-cost high-performance photonic devices that address the needs of both the telecom and the datacom industries. We have developed advanced organic polymeric materials that can be readily made into both multimode and single-mode optical waveguide structures of controlled numerical aperture (NA) and geometry. These materials are formed from highly-crosslinked acrylate monomers with specific linkages that determine properties such as flexibility, toughness, loss, and stability with temperature and humidity. These monomers are intermiscible, providing for precise adjustment of the refractive index from 1.3 to 1.6. Waveguides are formed photolithographically, with the liquid monomer mixture polymerizing upon illumination in the UV via either mask exposure or laser direct-writing. A wide range of rigid and flexible substrates can be used, including glass, quartz, oxidized silicon, glassfilled epoxy printed circuit board substrate, and flexible polyimide film. We discuss the use of these materials on chips, on multi-chip modules (MCM's), on boards, and on backplanes. Light coupling from and to chips is achieved by cutting 45° mirrors using Excimer laser ablation. Fabrication of the planar polymeric structures directly on the modules provides for stability, ruggedness, and hermeticity in packaging.


The molding process and an injection mould for a multi-cavity box were designed based on the calculation and analysis using CAD and Pro/E software.The feasibility and speed of the mould design was thus increased.


Nanoscale carbon-rich molecular architectures are not only aesthetically appealing but also of practical importance for energy and biomedical technologies. Herein, we report the synthesis of cyclic-oligophenylene-based nanopropeller 1 by using an efficient synthon strategy involving sequential intramolecular bisboronate homocoupling and reductive aromatization by H2 SnCl4 . The nanopropeller molecules pack into a layered hexagonal lattice featuring long-ranged nano-sized channels and a total guest-accessible volume of 48 %, as revealed by X-ray diffraction studies. We suggest that such a solid-state arrangement is determined by the interplay between the propeller architecture and the intermolecular van der Waals interactions.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


The literary methodology in the Song Dynasty mainly embodies in three aspects: one is the discussing to exist methods; one is the discussing to flexible methods; the other is the discussing to "extreme method is no method". The discussing to literary methodology in the Song Dynasty, begin to embody the characteristics of building and dispelling be equally emphasize, it become the pad of the latter literary methodology deeply melting.


In this paper, the applications of thesaurus in information retrieval are analysed and discussed, including thesaurus construction, thesaurus and query expand, sample of thesaurus application. In the end, the problem and future of thesaurus applied in information retrieval are discussed.


We have previously reported that oral administration of allogeneic rat spleen cells before kidney allotransplantation significantly prolongs graft survival. This prolongation was alloantigen specific and was associated with a decrease in graft-infiltrating cells (GIC) and an increase in transcription of IL-4 mRNA in the GIC. In this study increased splenic mixed lymphocyte responses from animals orally exposed to alloantigen before kidney transplantation suggested that the kidney allograft prolongation was not due to a masking of allorecognition, but to an immunomodulation of the immune response. We have assessed GIC T cell subsets on day 5 post-transplant and found decreased numbers of CD4 1 T cells in fed animals compared with controls, but there was no change in CD8 1 T cell numbers. The CD8 1 GIC from fed animals transcribed substantial levels of perforin, granzyme, and Fas ligand mRNA, indicating the presence of active CTL. Direct CTL assays showed that the GIC from fed recipients exhibited higher allo-CTL activity than GIC from control unfed recipients. In addition, the CD8 1 GIC exhibited high levels of IL-4 mRNA, suggesting Tc2-type regulatory cells. Prolonged graft survival in the face of active CTL and Tc2 cells suggests the presence of a CD8 1 regulatory cell population in the allograft. To confirm this, cell transfer experiments were performed. Prolongation of graft survival was transferred from rats orally exposed to alloantigen to naive animals by transfer of CD8 1 GIC. This is the first report that oral exposure to alloantigen prolongs kidney allograft survival by the generation of intragraft CD8 1 regulatory cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 107–113. has been reported that oral administration of alloantigen induces an Ag-spe-cific reduction in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (5, 9, 18), a decreased MLR (5, 9), and a reduction in allospecific CTL activity (18). Feeding alloantigen has also been suggested by some to induce a Th subset shift from Th1 responses to Th2 responses (5, 6, 9) that is associated with prolonged allograft survival (6, 9, 12). In this study we demonstrate the presence of active CD8 1 regulatory cells infiltrating grafts in orally tolerized animals. Adoptive transfer of these CD8 1 cells to naive rats transfers the graft tolerance seen in the original fed animals. The presence of high levels of mRNA for IL-4 in this CD8 1 population suggests that Tc2 graft-infiltrating cells (GIC) result from oral transplantation tolerance and mediate the graft prolongation. This is the first report to demonstrate that oral exposure to alloantigen generates intragraft regulatory cells that are capable of transferring prolongation of allograft survival to naive animals.


A coherent Doppler profiler was used to measure coincident time series of velocity (u,w), sediment mass concentration (c), and sediment grain size (d), above mobile sand dunes in unidirectional flow (∼1 m/s, ∼1 m water depth). The measurements are used to extract statistical distributions of sediment concentration and flux just above the bed. Observed mass fluxes (uc,wc) were well fit by quasi‐exponential distributions, at all positions along the dune profile, similar to previous observations of single‐particle momenta for bed load over flat beds. Observed concentrations of moving particles were well fit by negative‐binomial distributions, also similar to previous observations over flat beds. These probability distributions relate to two recent stochastic theories, previously derived and verified for uniform flow over flat beds. It is hypothesized that these theories may also be used as a local approximation in natural‐scale flows with bed forms.


Chemosensitivity testing has usually been limited to tumor specimens of 2–3 g or more. We evaluated the miniaturized, improved nucleic acid precursor incorporation assay (MINI‐assay) in 100 small biopsy specimens of 1 g or less. Tumor types included malignant melanomas; sarcomas; and breast, colon, lung, and ovarian carcinomas. Overall, 74/100 were evaluable. The evaluability rate was related to size: 41/48 (85%) 0.7–1.0‐g specimens were evaluable, as opposed to 22/35 (64%) 0.4–0.6‐g and 11/17 (64%) 0.1–0.3‐g specimens. Evaluability was not correlated with tumor types or whether the tumor was from a primary or metastatic site, but was related to yield of viable tumor cells. No viable tumor cells were obtained in 17 specimens, and thus no assay was performed. When 105 cells per well were plated, 49/54 (91%) assays were evaluable, but only 25/29 (86%) were successful when fewer cells were used. Four or more anticancer drugs could be tested in 69/74 (95%) of the evaluable assays. Yielding high evaluability rates and requiring fewer viable cells, the MINI‐assay has allowed us to perform chemosensitivity tests on previously unusable biopsy specimens.


In wireless mesh networks, the end-to-end throughput of a flow over a multiple-hop wireless link rapidly decreases as the hop-count between the source and destination nodes increases, and the flows that travel over a path of more than 4-5 hops from its source node eventually starve. To alleviate this unfairness, we propose a weighted random early detection (RED) mechanism that has a different dropping preference according to the hop-count information. When the network is congested, it forwards packets that come from a farther source node with a higher priority. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed queue management policy can improve the fairness performance effectively and alleviate the starvation problem in multihop wireless networks.


The effect of ozone on plant cell permeability was examined. Pinto bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for one hr and discs cut from primary leaves were allowed to take up /sup 14/C-UL-d-glucose or /sup 14/C-UL-2-deoxy-d-glucose. Uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose one hr after exposure appeared lower in exposed tissue than controls, while 24 hr after exposure uptake of both sugars by exposed tissue was three times that of controls. When uptake in one hr was examined at various times after exposure up to twenty hr it was found that permeability did not increase until several hr after the end of exposure. Cursory examination of the internal distribution of /sup 14/C label showed that the increase in permeability was not a function of increased metabolic activity since no differences were seen between exposed and control tissue, except in fractions representing cell wall material. The same percentage of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ was released by exposed and control tissue even though uptake of glucose was greater in exposed tissue. These data are interpreted to mean that the primary targets for ozone are cellular membranes, resulting in alterations in membrane permeability.


Milk has been used for so long a period and to such an extent that its status as a food ought to be settled beyond cavil or doubt. Unfortunately this is not the case. In this article it is my purpose to consider the objections to milk as a food for the sick, as well as its merits. Before discussing the advantages it may be well to consider briefly the actual conditions present, particularly in the digestive organs, in persons suffering from an infectious disease. In infectious diseases it has not been found possible to prevent a steady loss of body weight by any method of feeding, save in rare instances. This varies in an average daily loss of from 0.33 to 0.5 of 1 per cent of the entire weight during prolonged fevers. A man weighing 150 pounds would lose from one-half to three-quarters of a pound daily or


Reinforcement Expectancy Theory (RET), based on the central premise that human behavior is driven by the need to gain rewarding stimuli and eliminate aversive ones, is presented to explain the most...


The review concerns main achievements in dilational rheology of polymer adsorption films at the gas/liquid interfaces reported in the last fifteen years. The theoretical foundations of methods of surface rheology and the key results obtained in studies of solutions of amphiphilic nonionic polymers, polyelectrolytes, proteins and their complexes with low-molecular-mass surfactants are discussed. Interest in the surface dilational rheology is mainly caused by a small number of available experimental methods for investigation of the surface of liquids, by the fact that traditional methods of measurement of the surface tension that are widely used in studies of solutions of low-molecular-mass surfactants provide little information when applied to polymer solutions owing to very slow establishment of equilibrium as well as by weak dependence of the surface tension on the polymer concentration. Progress in the surface rheology is driven by the recent studies of the stability of foams and emulsions that demonstrated a key role of the dilational surface rheological properties in the dynamics of liquid-phase disperse systems. The bibliography includes 191 references.


This note discusses the existence of "complex probability" in the real world sensible problems. By defining a measure more general than the conventional definition of probability, the transition probability matrix of discrete Markov chain is broken to the periods shorter than a complete step of the transition. In this regard, the complex probability is implied.