Abstract A revision of the Neotropical genus Bonyunia M. R. Schomb. ex Progel (Loganiaceae, Antonieae) is provided, including a key to species, description, distribution, IUCN Red List status, and discussion. Bonyunia is morphologically and ecologically diverse with taxonomically informative characters that include habit, seed and leaf morphology, and the shape and indument of the calyx, bracts, and bracteoles. Bonyunia occurs in lowland regions of the Amazon River watershed (Brazil and Bolivia), the Orinoco River watershed (Colombia and Venezuela), tepuis of the Guayana region and outliers (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, and Colombia), and lowland regions of Amazon Basin–facing Andes in Peru, throughout on white sands. Ten species are recognized, including four established species: B. antoniifolia Progel, B. aquatica Ducke, B. minor N. E. Br. (including B. cinchonoides Gleason & Standl.), and B. superba M. R. Schomb. ex Progel. Six species are newly described: B. excelsa J. R. Grant (Colombia), B. magnifica J. R. Grant (Brazil), B. nobilis J. R. Grant (Colombia), B. pulchra Ricketson, J. R. Grant & Liesner (Peru), B. spectabilis J. R. Grant (Guyana), and B. venusta J. R. Grant (Brazil).


The nutritional state of phytoplankton communities in the South Basin of Lake Biwa was examined every other day from 24 August to 12 September, 1993. During this period, a windy typhoon (Typhoon 9313) and a rainy typhoon (Typhoon 9314) moved along Lake Biwa, on 4 and 9 September, respectively. The concentration of PO4-P remained at a low level (<0.7 μgP⋅1-1) from 26 August to 3 September, but it increased to 2.5 μgP⋅1-1 on 4 September just after the arrival of the windy typhoon. NH4-N varied in a similar way as PO4-P, and the highest value, 64 μgN⋅1-1, was observed on 4 September. NO2 + NO3 - N, which was 151 μgN⋅1-1 on 24 August, decreased gradually until 10 September, reaching a concentration of 6 μgN⋅1-1. It increased again to 76 μgN⋅1-1 on 12 September after the arrival of the rainy typhoon, whereas concentrations of PO4-P did not increase after that typhoon. Chl-a concentration also increased after the windy typhoon, and reached the highest concentration of the summer, 26.5 μg⋅1-1 on 10 September.The results of an in situ nutrient-addition experiment indicated that phosphorus was a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth in the South Basin of Lake Biwa before the arrival of the windy typhoon. The sestonic C: N: P ratios also indicated moderate phosphorus deficient phytoplankton from 24 August to 12 September, except on 4 and 5 September just after the windy typhoon. The phytoplankton were not nitrogen deficient at any time during our study. Thus, we suggest that the growth of phytoplankton communities from 5 to 10 September in Lake Biwa was mainly induced by an increase in available phosphorus, supplied from the disturbance of the bottom sediments by the windy typhoon.


............................................................................................................... xviii Chapter 1Introduction 1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Patient-centred nursing ........................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Compassion ......................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue ................................. 6 1.1.4 Critical care nursing ............................................................................ 7 1.1.5 Nursing workforce .............................................................................. 9 1.2 Aim .............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Research questions ..................................................................................... 10 1.4 Researcher's motivation ............................................................................. 11 1.5 Significance of the research ........................................................................ 11 1.6 Structure of thesis ....................................................................................... 12 1.7 Chapter summary....................................................................................... 15


Diagnosis of lung diseases cannot be analyzed only through the symptoms, but at the first level, CXR (Chest X-Rays) play in an important role on identifying the disease affected status. Various modalities such as CT, MRI, PET, etc., are there to analyze the lung diseases, but prominently the Chest X-rays acts as a first step of finding chest diseases due to the fact which is less expensive. The more advanced and effective Deep learning techniques are now emerging, is a boon of medical fields and for detecting the diseases more efficaciously. In this work, we proposed a Classification and prediction of Lung pathologies from Chest X-rays using use case MobileNet model (UCMobN). Through MobileNetmodel, multiple use cases can be designed. In this, the use case model is employed and datasets with the best accuracy of 86 %. In this, the use case model is employed and tested using NIH chest X-rays image datasets with the best accuracy of 86 %. We obtained an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.58 for Atelectasis, AUC of 0.67 for consolidation, 0.74 for Edema, AUC of 0.54for Effusion, AUC of 0.54 for Emphysema, AUC of 0.65 for Fibrosis, AUC of 0.57 for Infiltration and AUC of 0.51 for Mass. Keywords— MobileNet; classification; predictions; lung diseases; depthwise separable layers; Chest X-rays;


In this study, the interaction of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma helium jet with a dielectric surface is investigated. A self-consistent, multiple species, two temperature plasma solver is coupled with a multiple species, compressible Navier-Stokes solver to model the coupled flow and plasma discharge kinetics. The Navier-Stokes solver is used to obtain steady state stagnation flow profiles for a low speed helium jet exhausting into ambient air and impinging against a dielectric surface. The plasma solver is then used to simulate a 150 nanosecond pulse discharge leading to the formation and propagation of a plasma bullet within the helium jet. Initially, the plasma forms within the tube and propagates along the tube surface as a fast ionization wave driven by large induced electric fields produced by space charge and charge trapped on the dielectric surface. When the discharge reaches the gap, it transitions to a constricted fast ionization wave that propagates along the helium-air interface. When the fast ionization wave (plasma bullet) reaches the dielectric surface, charged species are delivered to the surface and the discharge propagates parallel to the wall as a surface driven discharge. The surface driven discharge ceases to propagate once the quantity of air to helium is great enough to quench the hot electrons and prevent further ionization. Due to the low speed of the flow discharge and the short life times of the radical species such as O, most of the radical species delivered to the surface are a result of the surface discharge that forms after the plasma bullet impinges against the surface.


Background & Purpose: Integrating students with special needs in public education schools is one of the important educational systems. The purpose of the present study was to compare the academic achievement and behavioral performance of students with hearing impairment in inclusive and separated schools of Mazandaran Province. Method: The present study is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students with hearing impairment in separated and inclusive schools in Mazandaran who were studying in the academic year of 2014-2015. The sample consisted of 78 students with hearing impairment (35 students from inclusive schools and 33 students from separated schools) who were selected using convenience sampling. To collect the data, the child behavior check list (Achenbach, 2001), Raven's progressive matrix test (Karami, 2010), and the students' educational records were used and data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Kalmogrof-Smirnov tests. Results: Findings showed that the academic achievement of students in special needs were higher than the achievement of students with hearing impairment in inclusive schools (P <0.001), but the level of behavioral performance was not significant except for the components of the physical problems. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the integration of students with hearing impairment in public education schools has not resulted in their educational progress and the educational integration plan needs to be reviewed in terms of the necessary bases.


We examine scaling in two-dimensional simulations of dendritic growth at low undercooling, as well as in three-dimensional pivalic acid dendrites grown on NASA's USMP-4 isothermal dendritic growth experiment. We report new results on self-affine evolution in both the experiments and simulations. We find that the time-dependent scaling of our low undercooling simulations displays a crossover scaling from a regime different than that characterizing Laplacian growth to steady-state growth. [S0031-9007(99)09307-2]


This paper seeks to examine some of the lessons from the past: in particular the 1994-1999 programming period of the EU Structural Funds. It then proposes to examine the current UK implementation of the Structural Fund programmes for 2000-2006 and raise some issues which currently emerge in terms of the UK government's new policy agenda affecting economic development. Thereafter the paper develops this analysis in order to raise some early issues in preparing for post-2006, which need to be considered in the post-devolution era in the UK.


Does removing constraints on the time and place of work benefit the utility of workers and firms? We design a randomized experiment of a sample of workers in a large Italian company; workers are randomly divided into a treated group that engages in flexible place and time of work (which we call "smart working") one day per week for nine months and a control group that continues to work traditionally. By comparing the treated and control groups, we find causal evidence that the flexibility of smart working increases the productivity of workers. We estimate a decrease of one day of leave on average per month, and we exclude a significant decline in objective productivity in any month. We also find sizeable improvements in well-being and work–life balance, and we observe that men also increase the time dedicated to household and care activities. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministries and European Commission (Italy's Department for Equal Opportunities and t). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4767 .


Mystacoleucus padangensis or bilih fish is an endemic species of Singkarak Lake. It has accidentally introduced to Anai River through water canal from Singkarak's hydroelectric system. Changes in habitat type from lentic to lotic have been suppossed to force this species to make morphological adaptation. This study aimed to compare morphological variation of bilih fish living at the two habitat types. We measured 29 morphological characters of 400 individuals from each habitat. We also measured 19 environmental parameters. To clarify differentiation between the two population and environmental parameters we used mann-whitney Utest. The results showed differentiation between 13 characters of Anai bilih fish, i.e. preorbital distance, eye diameter, postorbital distance, head length, prepelvic distance, predorsal distance, head depth, body depth, caudal fork length, caudal peduncle length (ventral), anal fin base length, pelvic and pectoral fin length. The differences between some environmental parameters could take responsible to the differentiation of bilih. This study supports that adaptation to the water velocity has caused anterior differences between the two populations.


Starting in the 1960s, traffic congestion became a staple part of Manila's history. Rapid urbanization, century-old thoroughfares, and large-scale migrations to Manila are just some of the reasons for the worsening traffic conditions. During the Marcos Era, the academe, practitioners, government agencies, and various organizations produced plans, position papers, and transport documents that sought to understand, assess, and perhaps provide possible solutions. Using data available in the libraries of University of the Philippines Diliman, this research note seeks to provide an initial survey and preliminary review of transport materials that documented and proposed solutions to the traffic congestion in the city of Manila from the 1960s until the 1980s.


Estimation of the area of mouth opening from a video of the speaker's face and processing of the simultaneously recorded speech signal can be used for estimation of vocal tract shape during speech production. A technique is presented to estimate the area of mouth opening, using a processing based on contrast enhancement with multi-threshold binarization and connected component detection for reducing the errors in estimating the vertical opening due to the presence of teeth and tongue in mouth opening. The method is tested on vowel utterances from 12 speakers.


In this work, AC treeing behaviour of filler-free EPR is studied at room and liquid nitrogen (77 K) temperatures to determine tree-inception voltages as well as to understand possible tree-initiation processes. Since trees in cable insulation often initiate at semi-conducting interfaces, experiments are also performed with semi-conducting needles. Additionally, it is observed that while trees at room temperature are dense, those at cryogenic temperature are rather sparse. In order to quantify these structures, fractals are employed to measure their relative dimension.


Extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis of $\mathrm{Li}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at the vanadium $K$ edge under pressure is discussed. Changes in the absorption spectra at room temperature show that a structural phase transition is induced at high pressure. This phase transition can be attributed to a charge ordering, as it was observed in the isostructural compound $\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The absorption spectra have been analyzed by considering the two models previously proposed for $\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. Our results indicate that the high pressure structure of $\mathrm{Li}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is probably implying the formation of ``vanadium molecules'' in a geometrically frustrated crystal.


The use of distributed power supply (DPS) systems is continuously growing in powering different electronic systems and equipment. The systems compose of regulated switched-mode converters, which typically operate in a cascaded configuration constituting a dynamically demanding constellation prone to instability and performance degradation. It is well known that the origin of the interactions is the different impedances distributed within the system. The mechanism and characterizing parameters causing the source-reflected interactions is investigated in this paper both theoretically and experimentally using a buck converter under voltage-mode (VM), peak-current-mode (PCM) and input-voltage-feedforward (IVFF) control. The reflected interactions would be eliminated if the forward-voltage transfer function can be made zero but in practice such a condition cannot be fully achieved. The investigations show that the VM-controlled convert is very sensitive to the source-reflected interactions


The plasma potential in Mini-Torus has been measured using Langmuir probes and a "SDP" probe system which is formed of these probes. The measurement shows that the plasma edge in Mini-Torus is potentially positive relative to the vessel wall, and under the present operating condition, the radial electric field strength is about 15V/cm. The rotation of the plasma column in this device is analysed. The result is in accord with high speed photograph measurement .


The instrument of determination of weak- dissociation constant based on electrical conductive method was optimized and redesigned in the paper. The improved instrument was characterized by unitization of machine and electron devices, data of voltage determination and electrical resistance collection and intelligence of treating experiment data. It was showed that operation was simple, sensitivity, precision and accuracy was high to the novel instrument. So, it is valuable to be used widely.


In order to improve measurement precision and measurement speed of small size parts,a new kind of precision measurement method based on Support Vector Regression(SVR) for micro size parts was put forward.Taking the tooth shape chain board as the study object,its main parameters were measured.Using a transillumination in this system,the digital image of tooth shape chain board was collected by A102FCCD device,and was input into computer by IEEE1394 digital card.Then,the original gray level image was processed by reducing noise with median filtering,creating a binary image with threshold method,extracting contour and rotating the image.The image rotation can be realized using Hough transform to detect the longest line.After the image processing,the original gray level image with noise was changed into edge information with single-pixel width.Based on the theory parameter calculation of the tooth shape chain and SVR principle,the detected regions were determined according to the proportions of the length and width oftooth shape chain board.By pixel points on edges in the detected regions,the training set of corresponding line section was madeup for the support vector regression to obtain the regression function of every detected line section,which is the expression of the sub-pixel,and then the main parameters of the tooth shape chain board were measured.Finally,the measurement error was analyzed.The measurement results meet tolerance requirement of the part.The measurement precision can reach 2 μm.Theory analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the effect of the discreteness of CCD and the system noise on the measurement precision,and is characterized by high speed and high precision.At the same time,this method is very robust to image in plane rotation,scale varation and noise.


Summary 1. Measurements of retrograde circumflex artery flow, peripheral coronary artery pressure, and electrocardiographic changes induced by circumflex artery ligation were evaluated in an additional 5 Beck #2 operated dogs. 2. Twenty-six Beck #2 operated dogs studied from 4 weeks to one year after the second stage of the operation have been compared with: 1) 41 control dogs, 2) sham Beck #2 operated dogs, 3) defibrillated dogs, and 4) Beck #2 operated dogs 3 months after ligation of the graft. 3. Beck #2 operation results in a significant development of intercoronary arterial communications which persist for at least one year in the presence of a functioning graft and for at least 3 months after ligation of the graft. 4. Sham Beck #2 operated dogs develop intercoronary arterial communications which is in contrast to the lack of such communications following ventricular defibrillation. 5. Further substantiation is provided for previous evidence that in a majority of the Beck #2 operated dogs both functional and anatomical contacts between the perfused venous system and a capillary bed are eventually lost. Consequently earlier conclusions are supported that after about 5 weeks the Beck #2 operation protects normal dogs from the effects of coronary artery ligation by means of intercoronary arterial communications.


This paper critically appraises a phase 3 trial examining the impact of oral nicotinamide on reducing keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) incidence in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Despite a well-conducted study finding no significant difference in KC rates between nicotinamide and placebo groups, we suggest that the conclusion could be premature due to the study's underpowered sample size and lack of analysis on more invasive cancers.


Objectives
To observe and assess the early recovery in low back pain and leg pain after the decompression of lumbar nerve root using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD).

Methods
From Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016, in 93 consecutive patients, 84 consecutive patients with low back pain and radicular pain were treated by using PELD. Visual analog score (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain were collected once a week, at consecutively postoperative 12 weeks , then compared the scores between adjacent two weeks separately. Outcome measures consisted of Oswestry Disability Index score (ODI) and VAS score of low back pain and leg pain between preoperative and postoperative, and modified MacNab criteria were compared.

Results
There was no difference between the adjacent two weeks in postoperative low back pain VAS score (P> 0.05). The difference of postoperative leg pain VAS score between 2 weeks and 1 week [(2.96 ± 1.97) vs (2.10 ± 1.29)], 4 weeks and 3 weeks [(2.04 ± 1.62) vs (2.46 ± 1.97)], were significant (P 0.05). The ODI score and VAS score of low back pain and leg pain at 12 weeks postoperative were lower significantly than at preoperative [(12.82 ± 6.39) vs (53.64 ± 11.73), (1.16 ± 1.06) vs (4.52 ± 0.65), (1.29 ± 1.30) vs (7.93 ± 0.81)]. Based on the evaluation of the modified MacNab, excellent and good rate was 86%.

Conclusions
There was no obvious fluctuation in postoperative low back pain, and there were obvious fluctuations in postoperative leg pain at 2 weeks and 3 weeks. With 12 weeks follow-up, PELD had a better result in low back pain, leg pain and state of life.

Key words:
Low back pain; Radicular neuropathy; Recovery; Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD); Surgical decompression


To further develop and demonstrate the applicability of liquefying-fuel hybrid rocket technology to low-cost launch applications, a small team of engineers is developing a medium-scale liquefying-fuel hybrid sounding rocket using storable propellants (paraffin wax and N2O) that will propel a 5 kg payload to the edge of space. This rocket, known as the Peregrine Sounding Rocket, is being developed by engineers from NASA Ames, Stanford University, Space Propulsion Group Inc. (SPG, Sunnyvale, CA) and NASA Wallops, with a launch from Wallops anticipated at some point in the future. Results of ground testing performed using a heavy-weight configuration of the motor show that stable and efficient combustion has been achieved.


Modern applications are highly data-intensive, leading to the well-known I/O bottleneck problem. Scientists have proposed the placement of fast intermediate storage resources which aim to mask the I/O penalties. To manage these resources, three core software abstractions are being used in leadership-class computing facilities: IO Forwarders, Burst Buffers, and Data Stagers. Yet, with the rise of multi-tenant deployment in HPC systems, these software abstractions are: managed and maintained in isolation, leading to inefficient interactions; allocated statically, leading to load imbalance; exclusively bifurcated between the intermediate storage, leading to under-utilization of resources, and, in many cases, do not support in-situ operations. To this end, we present HFlow, a new class of data forwarding system that leverages a real-time data movement paradigm. HFlow introduces a unified data movement abstraction (the ByteFlow) providing data-independent tasks that can be executed anywhere and thus, enabling dynamic resource provisioning. Moreover, the processing elements executing the ByteFlows are designed to be ephemeral and, hence, enable elastic management of intermediate storage resources. Our results show that applications running under HFlow display an increase in performance of 3x when compared with state-of-the-art software solutions.


The students majoring in science and engineering are the nation's future scientific and technological workers. Not only should they master professional knowledge and skills,but also they should have the truth-seeking and pragmatic,pioneering and innovative spirit of science and the consciousness of the social responsibility which makes science and technology benefit mankind and serve the society. We should make use of various means to cultivate the students' ethics of science and technology in culture,system and education.


The occurrence of solitary or groups of isolated tube element(s) in the interfascicular region of Aristolochia indica L., Datura innoxia Mill., Lecanthus wightii Wedd. and Xanthium strumarium L. and in the secondary phloem rays of Strychnos nux-vomica L., Boehmeria nivea Gaudieh., Leucosceptrum cannum Sm., Dahlia imperialis Roezl., Gynura angulosa DC., Vernonia divergens (Roxb.) Edgew. and Vernonia volkameriaefolia De., encountered during an investigation of the barks of 125 dicotyledons belonging to 43 families, has been recorded. The salient developmental features of isolated sieve tube elements in the last three taxa are described involving histochemical tests and their dimensional details. A comparative analysis of secondary phloem of members of Compositae with and without isolated sieve tube elements indicates that taxa with a high frequency of isolated sieve tube elements show a high incidence of compound sieve plates on predominantly very oblique end walls and also possess a system of broad rays. The possible significance of isolated sieve tube elements is discussed.


S OF TALKS ABSTRACTS OF POSTERS 32S OF POSTERS 32 This book is also available in electronic format at the WEB site: http://agenda.ictp.trieste.it/smr.php71658


Abstract A rise in the serum level of free folate in man follows the ingestion of conjugated folate purified from yeast. Everted sacs of rat intestine release folate from conjugate, and homogenates of intestinal mucosa of man and rat contain enzyme (or enzymes) capable of releasing free folate from conjugated folate. We suggest that these enzymes of the intestinal mucosa participate in the absorption of folate from the peptide conjugates that predominate in the human diet.


This paper proposes unit root tests based on partially adaptive estimation. The proposed tests provide an intermediate class of inference procedures that are more efficient than the traditional OLS-based methods and simpler than unit root tests based on fully adaptive estimation using nonparametric methods. Taking into account the well documented characteristic of heavy-tail behavior in economic and financial data, we consider unit root tests coupled with a class of partially adaptive M-estimators based on the student-t distributions, which includes the normal distribution as a limiting case. Monte Carlo experiments indicate that, in the presence of heavy tail distributions, the proposed test is more powerful than the traditional ADF test. We apply the proposed test to several macroeconomic time series that have heavy-tailed distributions. The unit root hypothesis is rejected in U.S. real GNP, supporting the literature of transitory shocks in output. However, evidence against unit root is not found in real exchange rate and nominal interest rate even when heavy-tail is taken into account.


An improper design of an air vent will not only cause waste of resources but also seriously threaten the safety of the spillway tunnel. The present study analyzes the effects of the area and position of the air vent on the air supply, using the volume of fluid method with the k–ε turbulence model. The air speed in the air vent will decrease with an increase in the area, but the quantity of air supplied will increase. When the area of air vents is equal to the tunnel residual, the air supply capacity of the air vent reaches the maximum. A relationship between the quantity of air supplied and the area of the air vent is put forward, and the error with the prototype observation result is about 10%. The distribution of negative pressure in the tunnel may be improved by arranging the air vent in a proper position; the quantity of air supplied also decreases as the distance between the air vent and the pressurized conduit increases. In general, it is more advantageous to position the air vent upstream. These results provide a reference for the air ventilation design in hydraulic engineering.


The functional group capacity of crosslinked macroporous polystyrene resin bearing 2-picolyl amine synthesized under optimum conditions is as high as 3. 40 mmol/g resin. The influences of molar ratio of reagents, reaction temperature and reaction time on the nitrogen content of the resin were investigated. The sorption capacities of the resin for Au(Ⅲ), Ir(Ⅳ),Pt(Ⅳ),Pd(Ⅱ) and Rh (Ⅲ) are 768. 0, 384. 8, 356. 0, 167. 2, and 110. 5 mg/g resin, respectively. The coordination ratio of AuCl7 ; IrCl62- , PtCl62- , PdCl42-; and RHCl63- are 1. 15; 0. 59, 0. 54, 0. 46 and 0. 32, respectively. The distribution coefficients of the resin for Au(Ⅲ) , Rh(Ⅱ) and Ir(Ⅳ) are 1. 1×104, 2. 6 ×103, and 1. 9×103 mol/L, respectively.


Water quality variables change continually through time, arise from dynamic processes and consist of random error components with stochastic variations in space and time that cannot be modeled or explained by normal analytical procedures. Water quality time series with long-term trend, when recorded by any consistent time interval, will display some measure of auto-correlation. This is expected to affect the p-values derived from autoregressive and/or the moving average time series model parameters. Parametric seasonally adjusted ARIMA model was successfully applied to predict the long-term trend of water quality of a randomly selected river using the SAS®/ETS software. The EXPAND procedure in SAS® was used to adjust the data for missing values. The PROC ARIMA in SAS® was used to correct the data for nonstationarity, and to identify model orders, and the type of seasonal and non-seasonal differencing required. Data were seasonality adjusted through seasonal differencing. An ARIMA model was fitted to the trend removed and seasonally adjusted series using the MODEL procedure in SAS® using the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The use of SAS® procedure UCM for stochastic time series modeling was introduced. Model parameters were significant with non-significant correlations at 5% level. Goodness of fit statistics indicated adequate statistical fit of the model. No autocorrelations were detected in the residuals estimated from the model. Residuals were normal, and white noise. Time series modeling with ARIMA models provides a powerful option for long-term water quality trend using the SAS®/ETS software.


The invention discloses a soft start circuit and method making use of pulse frequency and pulse width modulation. The soft start circuit comprises a pulse width modulation current source circuit, an oscillator circuit, a time-sequence control circuit and a sampling feedback circuit; the pulse width modulation current source circuit is used for controlling the duty ratio of output pulse of the oscillator circuit; the pulse frequency modulation current source circuit is used for controlling the frequency of output pulse of the oscillator circuit; the oscillator circuit is used for generating pulse with gradually-increased pulse width and frequency and further controlling the time-sequence control circuit; the time-sequence control circuit is used for respectively regulating and controlling the pulse width modulation current source circuit and the pulse frequency modulation current source circuit; and the sampling feedback circuit is used for sampling the load condition of a sampling system and further enabling the system to select a pulse width modulation or pulse frequency modulation working mode. According to the invention, a soft start effect can be achieved, and the pulse frequency modulation or pulse width modulation working mode can be selected according to the size of the load in the system operation.


For a left elliptically contoured n × p random matrix Y LECn × p(?, K, ?), the mth order moment E(?mY) is obtained in terms of ?, K, and ?. When K = B ? C, LECn × p(?, K, ?) is the conventional multivariate left elliptically contoured distribution MLEC(?, A ? ?, ?), where A = B?B and ? = C?C. Even if YNn × p(?, ?Y), the formula given here is new in that ? need not be 0 and ?Y need not have the form A ? ?.


High altitude color and multispectral black and white photography was used to survey existing vegetation and soil conditions on the Empire Ranch where large scale development will soon begin. Utilizing stereo pairs of the high altitude color photography, four vegetation classifications were discernable as a function of topography and foliage characteristics. In contrast to the undeveloped Ranch, the same photography was used to detect environmental changes in the Tucson metropolitan area as a result of rapid urbanization. The most prevalent change related to development is the removal of vegetation in high density areas to allow for housing starts. Erosion then occurs where vegetation has been removed.


The novel concept of physical frame time-slot switching (PFTS) over DWDM (Huaxin Zeng, et al., 2003) has been around for some time. It differs from existing switching techniques over DWDM by its superior QoS mechanisms embedded in and its capability to simplify Internet into a single physical-layer user-data transfer platform architecture (SUPA). This paper proposed the extended deficit weighted round robin (EDWRR) algorithm of output scheduling in a multiple-priority queue environment in PFTS nodes. In such nodes, there are multi-ports in a DWDM-based PFTS node and each port contains multi-lambdas. EDWRR guarantees the delay property of real-time traffic and also efficiently transmits non-real-time traffic. The proposed scheduling algorithm is an improvement and extension of deficit weighted round robin (DWRR) algorithm and guarantees the delay property of real-time traffic by adding a frame transmission procedure based on delay priority. Simulations show that EDWRR has better performance than DWRR in QoS provision of real-time traffic.


The spiritual power of Japan's modernization is investigated,trying to find the spiritual elements that support the success of Japan's modernization.It proposed that,the nationalism with Japanese characteristics is the spiritual power of Japan modernization.


School counselors play a crucial role in U.S. high schools, helping students traverse the challenges of high school and providing insight into the many options available to them following graduation. School counselors supplement teachers by relieving them of guidance duties--a skill set that teachers may not have developed fully through their training or may not have the capacity to implement effectively given their competing demands. The responsibilities of high school teachers are well defined and relatively consistent across schools: They are generally responsible for transferring subject-specific knowledge to their students and enhancing students' abilities to think critically. By contrast, the role of the high school counselor varies greatly across schools and even within schools (Bridgeland & Bruce, 2011; Paisley & McMahon, 2001). Due diligence by the counselor requires a nimbleness and an ability to work with students on an extremely wide range of issues running the gamut from college and financial aid application completion to course work directives to the resolution of behavioral and personal problems. The typical American high school, by many accounts, is not equipped to provide students with the many and diverse resources that simply cannot be offered by teachers alone. Recent budget cuts have led to mass layoffs of counselors across many districts, particularly in California (Po, 2012). When financial resources are strained and districts are cornered into dismissing staff, the choice of which staff to terminate is challenging. One is compelled to wonder: What is the motivation for honing in on counselors as more dispensable than other staff? Perhaps the lack of causal empirical evidence on the impact of counselors on student outcomes is to blame. Given the laserlike focus on teachers in the educational research arena, the dearth of rigorous empirical studies on the extent to which school counselors influence student outcomes is not surprising. In this article, we use an empirical approach to estimate the impact of an additional counselor on student outcomes, and we provide an example of how this approach might be used with 4-year college-going as an outcome of interest. Many states (e.g., Alabama, Louisiana, Montana, New Hampshire, Vermont) specify that a high school must increase the size of the counseling staff when the school enrollment exceeds an established threshold. This means that similar high schools may have dramatically different student-to-counselor ratios depending on whether their enrollment just exceeds or just falls short of the threshold beyond which an additional school counselor must be added. Such laws provide ideal settings for studies geared toward drawing causal inferences through a regression discontinuity design. We demonstrate how to use this empirical technique with counselor staffing and 4-year college-going data from the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), which is administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Background The recent wave of research on teacher evaluation and accountability is tremendously important and long overdue (Clotfelter, Ladd, & Vigdor, 2006; Glazerman et al., 2010; Goldhaber, 2007; Goldhaber & Brewer, 1997; Jacob & Lefgren, 2008; Rivkin, Hanushek, & Kain, 2005). However, the disproportionate focus on teachers in the school accountability and school quality research creates the illusion that teachers are solely responsible for the success or failure of American schools and the students within them. With growing evidence of the impact of teacher quality on a variety of student outcomes, the importance of a strong teaching force is clearly a powerful driver of student success (Darling Hammond, 2000; Greenwald, Hedges, & Laine, 1996). But teachers alone cannot shoulder the entire burden of ensuring that students reach their full potential, nor can they take sole responsibility for preparing students for life after high school. …


Aiming at the typical characteristics of constant changes in the power grid topology caused by multiple factors such as large-scale access of distributed power supply and diversified loads, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of existing power grid topology data management methods in temporal management of topology data, designs a power grid topology data model integrating time dimension based on big data and graph computing technology, and establishes a multi-temporal power network topology data management method. This method realizes the importing, processing, storage and reading of multi-temporal power grid topology, which provides a new solution for the power grid topology data management with multi-temporal version attribute, and also provides a powerful data support for the subsequent analysis and application of multi-temporal power grid topology data.


Since 2010, the U.S. has experienced divided government, with the Democrats holding the White House, and The Republican Party controlling the House of Representatives, and since January, the Senate. In new research which analyses the passage of 2,200 bills from 1949 to 2010, Tyler Hughes and Deven Carlson find that divided government slows down the legislative process by 60 days, on average. This delay is made even worse when the level of party polarization is higher, which makes partisan compromises even more difficult.


Richard Nixon announced his New Economic Policy (NEP) on August 15, 1971. At the third annual summer conference of the Union for Radical Political Economics, held near Morgantown, West Virginia, from August 22 to August 27, 1971, only a week after Nixon's announcement, a wide-ranging set of discussions was held on the NEP. After five days of workshops, meetings, and drafting sessions squeezed into what was already a tight schedule, a plenary session adopted a statement for public release. This statement, distributed widely in mimeo form but published below for the first time,l was regarded as an important initial response to the NEP. There was general agreement on the desirability of a larger publication effort which would include more comprehensive and reflective analysis than was possible at Camp Muffly, but no firm plans were made.


We study the problem of defying catastrophic forgetting when learning a series of language processing tasks. Compared with previous methods, we emphasize the importance of not caching history tasks' data, which makes the problem more challenging. Our proposed method applies the parameter isolation strategy. For each task, it allocates a small portion of private parameters and learns them with a shared pre-trained model. To load correct parameters at testing time, we introduce a simple yet effective non-parametric method. Experiments on continual language learning benchmarks show that our method is significantly better than all existing no-data-cache methods, and is comparable (or even better) than those using historical data.


A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of ve-
rapamil is based on the charge transfer reaction with tetrachlorobenzoquinone in
alkaline solution.The optimum condition for determination,the linear range and
the composition of the complex were reported.The proposed method was applied
to the determination of verapamil in tablets with satisfactory results.


Departamento de F´isica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot´a, Colombia(Dated: September 3, 2010)In 1998, Shibata and Sasaki [Phys. Rev. D 58, 104011 (1998)] presented an approximate analyticalformula for the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a neutral test particle arounda massive, rotating and deformed source. In the present paper, we generalize their expression byincluding the magnetic dipole moment. We show that our approximate analytical formulas areaccurate enough by comparing them with the six-parametric exact solution calculated by Pach´onet. al. [Phys. Rev. D 73, 104038 (2006)] along with the numerical data presented by Berti andStergioulas [MNRAS 350, 1416 (2004)] for realistic neutron stars. As a main result, we find that ingeneral, the radius at ISCO exhibits a decreasing behavior with increasing magnetic field. However,for magnetic fields below 100GT the variation of the radius at ISCO is negligible and hence thenon-magnetized approximate expression can be used. In addition, we derive approximate analyticalformulas for angular velocity, energy and angular momentum of the test particle at ISCO.


Leukocytosis with predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes occurs in a variety of primary or metastatic hepatic tumors without apparent explanation. A 17-year-old male with lymphoepithelioma developed marked leukocytosis following the onset of liver metastases. In order to gain insight into the origin of the leukocytosis, granulopoietic colony stimulating activity (CSA) of patient's plasma and leukocytes were examined and compared to control. Leukocyte conditioned media (LCM) was prepared by the double layer culture method. The assay consisted of non-adherent marrow cells from normal individuals cultured in methylcellulose, fetal calf serum and α-media. With the various CSA sources in this system, the number of granulocytic colony forming units (CFU-C) is proportional to the amount of CSA present and therefore allows for quantitative comparisons. The number of CFU-C produced with the patient's plasma was significantly higher (P<0.001) than those obtained from the patient's LCM or from control plasma or LCM. The size and distribution of colony type was similar irrespective of the source of CSA. Major sources of CSA in man are macrophages and monocytes. Thus identification of a stronger stimulatory activity in plasma as compared to LCM indicates the presence of a major new source of CSA in this patient. The fact that leukocytosis paralleled the onset of liver metastases suggests that a CSA derived from tumor products or secondary to hepatocellular damage may be responsible for this finding.


Photosynthesis, nitrogen and sugar remobilization during the grain filling period were examined in two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (Pioneer 3072 and IAC 701 x B) submitted to water stress. The plants were grown under natural conditions in 12 boxes (4 m x 0,5 m x 0.6 m each) containing soil. Water stress was imposed by with holding irrigation during the 5.th and 15.th days after anthesis. Both hybrids in control treatment (without water stress) showed no differences in relation to the avaliated parameters. Under water stress the sugar and N remobilization from vegetative organs to the grains, were more intense than of the control plants. The sugar and N remobilization were larger in IAC 701 x B. The photosynthesis rates were reduced in both hybrids under water stress, but the reduction was larger in IAC 701 x B.


A four-kilobase (kb) region (HindIII-N, map units 7.0-11.3) of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpMNPV) genome was found to contain sequences that conferred upon plasmids the ability to undergo infection-dependent replication. The plasmid DNA appeared to be replicated to form high molecular weight multimers. Plasmids with deletions of up to 1.8 kb from either end of the HindIII-N region were replication competent. However, a discrete sequence, contained within the region bracketed by the deletions, capable of specifying replication was not identified. No evidence for sequence homology was found between the OpMNPV HindIII-N region and regions elsewhere in the OpMNPV genome or to putative Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) replication origins. Origin-dependent plasmid replication was shown to require the presence of the OpMNPV DNA polymerase gene. The OpMNPV origin replicated poorly in AcMNPV-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells and, conversely, a putative AcMNPV origin (hr2) replicated at low levels in OpMNPV-infected Lymantria dispar cells.


The proper management of intracranial arterial aneurysms has been the object of considerable controversy. In an effort to evaluate various methods of treatment, we have compared the results of these methods in 115 patients treated under similar conditions by the same surgeons. Before the evolution of modern neurosurgical techniques, intracranial aneurysms were curiosities, usually discovered at autopsy. In 1923 Symonds' 1 presentation of the criteria for the diagnosis of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm gave impetus to further study of this subject. Richardson and Hyland, 2 Walsh and King, 3 Dandy, 4 and numerous others have contributed much to the increasing frequency of diagnosis and successful treatment of aneurysms. Recently a more complete study by Hamby 5 has brought the entire subject into focus with a survey of the previous publications and an analysis of his own material. The mortality rate of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is known to be high, ranging


GREAT events never fail to create profound restlessness in the minds of men. It would be surprising if the devastating effects of the last war did not give rise to a criticism of political ideals, which may rightly or wrongly be held responsible for those effects. Thus it is that the thoroughness of the German political machine has been the recipient of an endless attack from the press and the platform, and together with it the very conception of the state has come to be challenged and discredited. It was symptomatic of the growing feeling that shortly before the outbreak of the war Mr. Ernest Barker should have penned an instructive article on The Discredited State, which, however, was published only in the February of the following year.' Since then the whole conception of state has been criticized to tatters, till within the last years two interesting books have been published from two different standpoints which seek to see the whole autocracy of the "state" buried out of sight. Professor Hobhouse in his Metaphysical Theory of the State seeks to combat the prestige of it at its very fountain-head in Hegel, while Mr. Bertrand Russell in his Roads to Freedom, chafing under the deadening unity and power of the state, seeks to put an end to it by placing men under the twofold co-ordinate and hence mutually restrictive authority of an association of consumers and an association of producers. But it seems to us that all this disaffection is but a temporary exaggeration produced under the nerve-racking effects of a cruel war. It is highly questionable if the political evils of our time can rightly be laid at the door of Hegel's philosophy. Further, the unity of the state as embodied in the unity of a sovereign power within it is a distinguished mark of an advanced civilization, and cannot be got rid of without introducing


The article is devoted to a debatable problem of classification and systematization of judicial and psychological examination. It is analyzed a position of psychological examination in a system of other judicial examinations and its internal structure. The author discusses opinions on these questions appearing in the literature.


OBJECTIVE To understand mecA gene distribution in Staphylococcus aureus and its role in antibiotics-resistance.METHODS In this study,a total of 47 S.aureus strains were isolated from hospitalized patients.Agar disk diffusion test was conducted to determine the resistance of S.aureus to antibiotics.The DNA of these strains were extracted and purified.The mecA gene was tested by PCR and the relation between the mecA gene and antibiotics-resistance was analyzed.RESULTS Of 47 strains,33(70.2%) were MRSA.Of 33 MRSA,only 3 strains were susceptible to glycopeptides antibiotics.Only 2 strains(14.3%) of 14 MSSA were susceptible to all of the 12 antibotics.The results of PCR revealed that 32 out of 33 MRSA(97.0%) carried mecA in their genome.One strain was mecA gene negative.Among 14 MSSA,3(21.4%)strains carried mecA gene.CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of MRSA in S.aureus is high.The resistance to antibiotics of MRSA is popular Glycopeptides antibiotics.Most of MRSA carry mecA gene,which plays an important role in antibiotics-resistance.Fewer MSSA carry mecA gene.


ElectroCardiogram(ECG) is used to measure  and diagnose electrical activity of heart. R peak detection from ECG signal is our main concern. It is the basic mark for the identification of different arrhythmias. In this paper, R wave  extraction is performed by using Wavelet Transform. The wavelet transform has risen over late years as an effective time– frequency analysis and it is efficiently analyze complex non stationary signals. In this research, R wave is extracted accurately then heart beat is analyzed by the detection of RR intervals. R wave extraction is performed and implemented in the most familiar multipurpose tool, MATLAB .In this research,99.9% accurate R peak is detected by this type of approach. By accurate detection of R peak, cardiac diseases can easily be identified such as Sinus tachycardia, Sinus bradycardia, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Atrial fibrillation (AF), Ventricular tachycardia and Heart block.


Abstract Private for-profit higher education has grown rapidly in many parts of the world. This growth is attributed to many factors, including a broadening of the student population and the recognition that wider access to higher education will be economically beneficial to individuals, governments and the society as a whole. In Australia, the number of students in private for-profit higher education is rising, with dramatic projections in the next 10 years, based on current trends. This article analyses the current growth of private for-profit higher education in Australia and the factors contributing to the growth. In addition, the article also outlines issues around quality and standards and challenges facing the private for-profit sector in Australia. This article makes a very important contribution to the higher education sector as there is limited research and literature on private-for profit higher education in the Australian context.


Background: "Telephone" has been used as an educational device for educational purposes in several university centers in the world. Nowadays, "Teleconference", "Teleconsultation", "Telemedicine" and "Computerized methods", are common educational methods. Telephone in this study was used as an educational means to practice certain educational and professional subjects. Purpose: In this study, telephone was used to practice important educational points by medical students. The method was called "Telepraxis" and the present paper introduces this innovative educational experience and reports the results of measuring the rate of students' satisfaction. Method: In this study 4 different educational courses were presented to 508 students at pre-hospital, clerkship, and residency stages. The program was implemented for 15 sessions and at the end of each session, we inquired students' viewpoints about our suggested method by using a Lickert's type questionnaire that was designed with 24 characteristics of an effective educational method. We calculated the students' satisfaction index and compared the scores applying student T-Test. Results: The participants' mean satisfaction index was 84.4%, which was significantly higher than those of unsatisfied, (p<.001). The satisfaction index for the students in clerkship stage was higher than that of the prehospital students or residents. Conclusion: Telepraxis in 4 courses of primary surgery, health cares, semiology, and CPR skills, was approved by the learners on all the 24 traits of an effective teaching method.


Spoken at many critical life and death moments, the phrase "it's ok" often belies the actual situational reality. Conceptualizing "it's ok" as a form of prayer, the present paper considers how to understand the paradox of claiming that things are "ok" or "acceptable" when they clearly are not. The conclusion is reached that "it's ok" as a prayer intends to tell a story of hope that recognizes and points beyond the frailty of the human condition.


The high school chemistry new class sign proposed the idea of "promotes each student comprehensive has the individuality development","the teaching democracy",this a series of requests,presented many new challenges and the new anticipation to the teachers in teaching implementation aspect.Therefore,teachers must renew the idea in chemistry teaching,humanist,sets up the correct student view;Pays great attention to raise students independent study quality;to encourage student to become the classroom master;Raises students creative personality trait;Moreover,the teacher should pay great attention to raise student's question spirit,innovation ability,integrates the classroom the education for all-around development.


This paper concerns seismic design of the Irregular Railway Bridge 39 situated in the Kashmir region of India. The bridge is 490m long, and consists of 8 spans with main span lengths of 64m and end span lengths of 53m. The bridge is crossing a valley and has pier heights varying between 35m and 91m causing the irregularity. The detailed design is performed by Ramboll in a subconsultancy contract with Rites Ltd. Two different cases have been studied. An inelastic case were plastic hinges are allowed to develop in the piers at the connection to the foundation, and a case were the system is restricted to act fully elastic under all considered earthquake magnitudes, neglecting any ductile behaviour of the bridge. The inelastic approach aims to keep construction costs down, whereas the pure elastic approach aims to reduce the need for repair at the foundation levels which in remote areas can be a major and uneconomical operation for multiple pier rail bridges. This paper addresses the analyses performed on the two different systems; the inelastic piers with plastic hinges and the elastic piers. Results from both sets of analyses are presented and compared. Analyses performed for both elastic and inelastic cases were done in the time domain for consistency using synthetic accelerograms. Plastic hinges (for the inelastic system) and friction at the bearings (for both the inelastic and elastic system) were modelled through bi-linear springs.


Abstract Three iso-quinolinium ylids are studied by visible electron absorption spectroscopy from the point of view of their interactions with solvent molecules. The quantum mechanical calculations with Spartan 14 Program and solvatochromism of the intramolecular charge transfer visible absorption band of the studied molecules emphasized the prevalence of universal orientation-induction interactions in aprotic solvents and additionally the presence of hydrogen bond between the ylid molecules and the hydroxyl groups of the solvent molecules. The contribution of each type of interactions in the studied solutions is finally established by a multilinear regression applied to solvatochromic data.


Pure polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 6/carbon nanotube (PA6/CNT) composite samples with 0.5 weight percent loading of pristine or functionalized CNTs were made using a solution mixing technique. Modification of nanotube surface as a result of chemical functionalization was confirmed through the presence of lattice defects as examined under high-resolution transmission electron microscope and absorption bands characteristic of carboxylic, sulfonic and amine chemical groups. Microstructural examination of the cryogenically fractured surfaces revealed qualitative information regarding CNT dispersion within PA6 matrix and interfacial strength. X-ray diffraction studies indicated formation of thermodynamically more stable α-phase crystals. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that CNT incorporation delayed onset of thermal degradation by as much as 70 °C in case of amine-functionalized CNTs, thus increasing thermal stability of the composites. Furthermore, addition of amine-functionalized CNTs caused an increase in crystallization and melting temperatures from the respective values of 177 and 213 °C (for neat PA6) to 211 and 230 °C (for composite), respectively.


The quality of financial statements is the fundamental issue in terms of the reliability of the accounting conducted by those who prepare them. Since the beginning of the 21st century, and with the growing concerns regarding the data released in financial statements, the development of methods for testing the quality of financial reporting has been of great and growing importance.


Urticaceae includes about 1300 species in 47 genera which largely spread in wet tropical regions, and 341 species in 25 genera are in China. Some species are used in Chinese folk medicine. So far, studies on chemistry and pharmacology of Urticaceous plants are mainly focused on nettle of Urtica L. In this review, the chemical researches on 35 new compounds and related pharmacological effects of the plants in Urticaceae reported during 2000-2010 are described. The 35 new compounds belong to the classes of lignan, secolignan, norlignan, flavonoid, alkaloid, sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, sterol, and sphingolipid. The main bioactivities include cytotoxic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-BPH, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, 5α-reductase inhibitory, hair regrowth promotion, and anti-oxidative activities.


Water is vital to economic development. We must recognize the true dimension of the challenge we face. The challenge of ensuring sustainable water demand and use and supply of water to all. Appropriate action is required to meet this challenge. (excerpt)


We have conjugated chloroquine onto nano-sized, thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles by using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) / N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) chemistry. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed using optical spectra for characteristic surface plasmon band; the average size of gold nanoparticles was found to be 5-7 nm from electron microscopy measurements. The anti-tumor activity of prepared nanocomposite, vis-a-vis chloroquine itself, had been demonstrated using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. To determine the binding affinity of gold-chloroquine nanocomposites to transport proteins present in blood serum, we studied the binding interaction of gold-chloroquine to bovine serum albumin (BSA), the most abundant plasma protein. The binding was studied by using isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy and was analyzed in terms of binding constant, entropy and enthalpy change. The gold-chloroquine nanocomposites were found to interact efficiently with BSA and fluorescence quenching experiments involving Trp212 suggests that the nanocomposites bind at site I of BSA.


A process for the preparation of 4- (2?- pyridyl) benzaldehyde in which: (a) a magnesium halide of formula: wherein X1 represents Cl, Br or I; R1 and R2, which are identical or different, represent C1-C6 alkyl linear or branched or alternatively; R1 and R2 together represent a single linear or branched alkylene group C1-C6 alkyl; is reacted with a halopyridine of formula: wherein X2 represents Cl, Br or I, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a zinc salt and a catalytic amount of palladium, the molar ratio of the palladium to the halopyridine of formula 2 less than 1: 1000; and (b) the intermediate compound thus obtained is converted to the desired compound by converting the acetal to a carbonyl group.


Laser diagnostics of droplets sprayed by centrifugal atomizer was carried out by the small-angle scattering method. Solution of aerosol optics inverse problem was used for define the distribution function of droplet size in the sprayed liquid by the centrifugal atomizer.


Red Poppies is Alai's very successful novel which reveals the fight for power and indicates the fable of the end as time passes by.The author uses the overlapping method skillfully to create the characters in order to expose the unfairness,cruelty and crimson of the system,in which chieftains dominate bondmen physically and mentally from generation to generation .It also shows the twist and sinking of human nature through the overlapping method creation.This thesis attempts to analyze the method and its function in overthrowing the system and strengthening the theme.


LAURENT POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF sl(n) by Helene M. Payne In this thesis,we study infinite dimensional representations of the special linear Lie algebras sl(n). These representations arise naturally from the Weyl construction e^ »—• £,——, where e^ are the elementary matrices. (This definition of elementary matrix differs from the one in linear algebra.) Our main results provide explicit decomposition of indecomposable representations related to the Laurent polynomials Cfx^, x^,..., x^]. In particular, we verify that the space of degree zero of homogeneous polynomials of three variables (resp. two variables) has length 7 (resp. 3) as an sl(3)-representation (resp. sl(2)-representation).


Abstract Borate esters have been emerging as a good candidate in green additives for the increasing needs of environmental protection. A versatile boron–nitrogen-modified castor oil additive (abbreviated as BNC) was prepared. The thermal stability and the oxidation stability of BNC were evaluated. The oil solubility, dispersion stability, lubricity, and biodegradability of BNC in both rapeseed oil and 400SN mineral oil were investigated, respectively. The morphology and tribo-chemical characteristics of the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer to reveal the possible lubricating mechanisms. The results indicated that the BNC additive had good thermal stability and anti-oxidation ability. The oil solubility and dispersivity of BNC in rapeseed oil is better than that in 400SN mineral oil. The BNC additive could effectively improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of rapeseed oil and 400SN mineral oil. The surface analysis indicated that elemental boron, nitrogen, and oxygen are involved in the lubrication films, and it was deduced that the physical adsorption films, chemical adsorption films, chemical reaction films, and permeable layers work together to reduced friction and wear. Moreover, the BNC could improve the biodegradability of both rapeseed oil and mineral oil, which was attributed to the promoted growth and quantity of microbes by elemental nitrogen involved in BNC. The synthesized BNC additive was demonstrated a potential ecofriendly and effective lubricant additive in industrial applications. Graphical Abstract


It is reported that nowadays the criminality in the sphere of precious metals illegal turnover has negative trends. We point out that the main causes of the criminality are the deformations of economic and family-domestic conscience, and the conditions for the criminality are the existing contradictions in the socioeconomic sphere of society. The analysis of other causes and conditions for this type of criminality is given in this article.


The reaction of iodides 1 and enantiopure beta-amino esters 2 mediated by potassium carbonate in acetonitrile at 65 degrees C provides quinolizidinones or indolizidinones 3, together with piperidines or pyrrolidines 4. Hydrolysis of 4 to the corresponding carboxylic acids followed by treatment of acetic anhydride/triethylamine gives 3 in high yields. Using 3a as a key intermediate, (-)-lasubine II is synthesized in four steps. [reaction: see text]


Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) have received widespread attention for applications in novel low power consumption spintronic devices. Further optimizing robust ferromagnetic insulation and developing a multifunctional FMI by integrating other magnetic properties can not only ease or pave the way for actual application but also provide an additional degree of freedom for device design. In this work, by introducing antiferromagnetic CoO into the FMI LaMnO3, we constructed (1 − x)LaMnO3:xCoO composite thin films. The films simultaneously show robust FMI characteristics and a large exchange bias (EB). For the x = 0.5 sample, the resistivity is 120 Ω cm at 250 K, the magnetization is 100 emu cm−3, and the EB field is −2200 Oe at 10 K. In particular, the blocking temperature is up to 140 K. Synchrotron radiation x-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the coexistence of Mn3+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Co3+, arising from interfacial charge transfer and space charge/defect trapping, which should be responsible for the enhanced and integrated multifunctional magnetic properties.


Abstract In this paper we consider a nonsmooth optimization problem with equality, inequality and set constraints. We propose new constraint qualifications and Kuhn–Tucker type necessary optimality conditions for this problem involving locally Lipschitz functions. The main tool of our approach is the notion of convexificators. We introduce a nonsmooth version of the Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification and show that this constraint qualification is necessary and sufficient for the Kuhn–Tucker multipliers set to be nonempty and bounded.


George P. Pipkin (email@example.com) is a technical advisor in the Office of Information Technologies at the University of Virginia (U. Va.). He has been involved with personal computing since 1975, when he built his first computer from plans published in Radio-Electronics Magazine. Pipkin played a major role in developing U. Va.'s strategy to use Web tools in support of electronic forms and other reengineering efforts. He is currently working in the Advanced Technology Group on a project to use the Web for document management and imaging. His home page is http://holmes.acc.virginia.edu/~gpp8p/home.html A long with many other large institutions, the University of Virginia (U.Va.) is actively looking for ways to simplify its business processes and reduce the overhead associated with administration. One of the most important tools that we can use to work toward this goal is the University's high-speed data network. A fundamental strategy we hope to employ is to convert much of the paper that people work with on a day-to-day basis to digital formats on the network, and in doing this nurture automation and process simplification while increasing the overall speed of information flow throughout the organization. The University's administrative sector still relies on paper-based objects of work that are moved around the institution through a manual messenger-mail system. The majority of these objects are forms and reports. More than 1,200 different types of printed forms are used institution-wide, and every month our administrative mainframe produces more than 700,000 sheets of paper reports. In 1994, the University embarked on a plan to reduce the resources needed to run its administrative mainframe. A key strategy associated with this effort was to use electronic forms to reduce the size of its data entry operation. The University's Information Technology and Communication (ITC) department examined several commercial electronic forms packages in great detail, but found that they fell short of our needs in a number of ways. Some of them were only available for Windows platforms. Most of them relied on e-mail as the transmission medium, compromising the system's overall robustness and reliability. All of them required a high-maintenance environment to be fully functional, both at the workstation and at the server level. Because we assessed the potential range of use as a key factor in the ultimate impact of this strategy, introducing a solution that required substantial maintenance was unacceptable. Since the emergence on several platforms in the fall of 1994 of World Wide Web (WWW) browsers1 that fully support electronic forms features, many users of the Web have become accustomed to encountering data-input fields on the pages they see. However, fewer people realize how this capability could be put to use to construct a full-fledged enterprise electronic forms and work flow system. The capability Web browsers deliver is based on openly defined protocols. Browsers have been written that support these protocols on a wide range of platforms, and new browsers are appearing every month. Increasingly, a Web browser is becoming a base component of the personal computer operating system. This fact gives any system built on a Web client (the software resident on the workstation) a potential reach that even widely distributed proprietary Feature


This article is in fact a translation of chapter 5 of Massimo De Angelis' Omnia Sunt Communia. On the Commons and the Transformation to Postcapitalism. Inspired by the formulas of circulation, the author undertakes an examination of the co-dependency relationship between capital and the commons. In the end he presents a general formula of the commons and, at the same time, the hidden side of the C-M-C and M-C-M formulas, which hitherto had been overlooked, even by Marx.


Illicium verum Hook.f.has high medical value because it contains plenty of physiologyically active compounds including volatile components,organicacid,flavonoids,glycosides,triterpenes,inorganic ions,etc.This article induced and dicussed health function,natural active components,extraction and determinations of Illicium verum Hook.f.It provided theoretical basis for research and development of Illicium Verum Hook.f.in food and medicine.


An essential part of our information-collecting behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. Hence, Sentiment Analysis research has increased tremendously in recent times. Sentiment analysis deals with the methods that automatically process the text contents and extract the opinion of the users. In this work, biomedical opinions are extracted from twitter which contains many features needed to classify the opinions. However, such datasets contain many irrelevant or weak correlation features which influence the predictive accuracy of classification. Without a feature selection algorithm, it is difficult for the existing classification techniques to accurately identify patterns in the features. The purpose of feature selection is to not only identify a feature subset from original set of features but also to reduce the computation overhead in data mining .In the proposed feature selection approach, Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) algorithm optimizes the process of feature selection and yields the best optimal feature subset which increases the predictive accuracy of the classifier. SFLA is used as a feature selector and generates the feature subset and Naive Bayes, SVM and K-nn classification used to evaluate the feature subset produced. Experimental results show that the Naive Bayes classification produces better accuracy when the selected features from shuffled frog leaping algorithm are used.


Are young songbirds ready to learn virtually any song, or are they predisposed to learn songs of their own species? To explore this question tests were conducted on the equipotentiality of auditory song learning stimuli in the song sparrow. 23 males reared as nestlings were exposed to tape recordings of their own and other species songs in early life and subsequent song production was analyzed for imitations. Birds exposed to natural song sparrow songs, including their fathers', and equal numbers of swamp sparrow songs, strongly preferred conspecific songs. They neither favored nor eschewed paternal songs despite having had access to them for 6–10 days as nestlings. In three other experiments synthetic songs were used in which some properties were held constant and others were systematically varied. Birds were exposed to 1–4 segmented songs varying in phrase order, tempo and syllable number, each synthesized in two versions, one from conspecific and the other from heterospecific (swamp sparrow) song syllables. With one-segmented songs (alien syntax) subjects favored conspecific over heterospecific syllable songs. Heterospecific syllables were rendered more acceptable by incorporation into two-segmented trilled songs (more song sparrow-like syntax). Heterogeneous summation of phonological and syntactical cues appeared to occur. There was also evidence of interaction between phonology and syntax. When another phrase type, the note complex, was added, in three- and four-segmented songs, a preference for conspecific syllables reappeared. Heterospecific syllables may be more readily accepted as a trilled sequence than without repetition, as in a note-complex. When phrase structure within four-segmented songs was varied, birds favored patterns most like normal conspecific song. We conclude that there are innate learning preferences in the song sparrow, based on note and syllabic structure (phonology and syllabic syntax), and temporal organization of phrases (segmental syntax), differing from those of the closely related swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana, in which song syntax plays no role in learning preferences.


We present a study of cavity enhancement of the magneto-optic Kerr effect using dielectric multilayers in order to facilitate optical studies of individual single-domain nanomagnets. We develop a transfer matrix theory to analyze Kerr rotation from an arbitrary number of possibly lossy dielectric layers. The combination of one lossless and one thin metallic layer is found to be most favorable for studying individual nanomagnets, providing the best tradeoff between signal enhancement and spatial resolution. Accounting for the microscopic surface structure, we find good agreement between theory and experiment. Using this technique, we demonstrate Kerr enhancements by a factor of more than 16.


According to the hydrogeologic properties of the Sutong Bridge location reach of the lower Yangtze River,three types of measurement time distribution were used to analyze the influence of measurement time distribution on tidal discharge measurement precision for flood and ebb tides.Flood and ebb tidal discharge calculated by continuously observed velocity data were selected as the true value and compared with the discharge calculated based on different measurement time distributions.The results show that the tidal discharge measurement precision improved with the addition of measurement times.The commonly used measurement scheme in which the discharge is measured once an hour during ebb tide is more reasonable.Discharge measured every half an hour during flood tide may lead to systematic error.Flood tidal volume is smaller and the sum of tidal volume is larger than the true value,which affects the tidal discharge measurement precision and the control of the water resources quantity.It is necessary to correct the systematic error.


Objective To assess the benefits of different treatments that aim to prevent the endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) after ileal resection. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Database. All the included RCTs with an endoscopic recurrence outcome which was defined as Rutgeerts' score ≥ i2 have a duration of more than 1 year. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Pairwise treatment effects were estimated through a Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis by using the OpenBUGS 1.4 software and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% credible interval (CI). Results Fourteen RCTs (877 participants) were included. Two strategies were superior to placebo for preventing endoscopic recurrence of CD at 1 year after surgery: infliximab (d, −5.475; 95% CI, −10.47 to –1.632) and adalimumab (d, −7.273; 95% CI, −13.84 to −2.585). Nine strategies were not effective: budesnoid, mesalazine (in both high and low dose), azathioprine, Tripterygium wilfordii, mesalazine + infliximab, ornidazole, untreated intervention, and Lactobacillus GG. Conclusions Except for infliximab and adalimumab, other strategies included in our analysis were not effective for preventing endoscopic recurrence of CD at 1 year after ileal resection.


To elucidate the contribution of the N-Myc protein to neuroblastomas we have used a synthetic inducible expression system on the basis of the tetracycline repressor of E coli to reversibly express N-myc in a human neuroblastoma cell line in which expression of endogenous N-myc is barely detectable. Like the c-Myc protein, N-Myc up-regulates the expression of both alpha-prothymosin and ornithine decarboxylase. Induction of N-myc increases both the rate of DNA-synthesis and the proliferation rate, and shortens the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A comparison of cell populations in which the presence of N-Myc protein was restricted to different parts of G(zero)/G1 revealed that N-Myc is rate-limiting for cell cycle progression during the first 5 h after serum stimulation of quiescent cells providing direct evidence that Myc-proteins act early after mitogenic stimulation of quiescent cells.


In a study of family firms that included survey responses from both family CEOs and family member employees, we examined the roles that collaboration and CEO monitoring play regarding the prevalence of extra-role behavior, an important human resource outcome that can impact job performance and firm performance. Results indicated that an integration of stewardship and agency theories (manifested through interactions between family harmony and adaptability with monitoring) helps explain the level of extra-role behavior displayed by family employees. The findings lend some support for the argument that effective human resource practices in family firms should be balanced between instrumental governance mechanisms that reflect a monitoring approach and normative mechanisms that focus on collaborative efforts among family employees. When this balance is achieved, an environment of fairness and accountability rather than a tone of distrust and forced compliance may prevail in family firms, thus addressing a key human resource issue in this hybrid form of organization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Disclosed is a heterocyclic compound represented by chemical formula 1 and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. Refer to the detailed description for the substituents of the chemical formula 1.


The fuselage is one of the main component in aircraft to carry payload and passenger. The fuselage enclosed with high weight structure. The fuselage is hollow tube which holds all parts of the airplane together. The shape of the fuselage based on the mission of the aircraft. A supersonic fighter plane will be having streamlined fuselage to reduce the drag force enclosed with high speed flight and similarly the shape vary depend on the velocity. The design of fuselage is very complicated for designers because it takes about 60% of total weight of the aircraft and the contribution of fuselage towards performance and the stability is very decent. This paper investigates the fatigue behavior of the fuselage under dynamic equilibrium state made of both aluminum alloy and Kevlar composite. Those results can be applied to optimize the fuselage structure thereby the better structure can be made.


A modified algorithm for image compression using transform-based algorithm is proposed. This algorithm code named EPIC is aimed at overcoming the inherent shortcomings that are associated with the application of existing algorithms such as Fourier Transform, Fractals, Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Wavelets Transform. The shortcomings encountered are low compression ratio, low resolution and problem of decompression. EPIC uses a combination of modified Discrete Cosine Transform with an improved quantization table and a unique Huffman coding algorithm, which discards insignificant information from the represented image. A comparative analysis of the quality and compression ratio of the EPIC algorithm developed with the existing algorithms was carried out. The results obtained indicate that this new algorithm has a better performance in image quality and compression ratio.


The magnetic axes in horse heart oxidized cytochrome c were calculated by magnetic anisotropy tensor determination utilizing the haem methyls (MATDUHM) and were compared with those calculated by the conventional least-squares search method (LSSM). For the backbone CαH proton resonances, the calculated shifts using the LSSM axes correlate better with the observed shifts, i.e. the chemical shift difference between the resonances of the reduced and oxidized forms, than those using the MATDUHM axes. The correlation for the backbone NH proton resonances is almost comparable for the two sets of axes. Therefore the validity of MATDUHM was confirmed. Since the applicability of LSSM is limited to haemoproteins for which the crystal structures are known, MATDUHM is the only method so far available that can be applied to any iron(III) low-spin haemoproteins under various solution conditions to locate the magnetic axes.


As Hoeksma points out,1 we cannot pin our hopes on amateur programmers and hobbyists solving all the NHS's considerable technological woes. Regulation is needed in this area along …


A recombinant metallothionein CgMT1, from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, was synthesized and used as antigen in the development of antibodies and a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA showed that rabbit anti‐CgMT1 IgG reacted with purified CgMT1 and MTs from other marine bivalves, indicating its suitability as a reagent to quantify MTs and for monitoring of metal contamination in field animals. Application of this assay to tissues excised from metal exposed C. gigas showed that MT induction reached a saturation level in gills that was not observed in digestive gland. Quantification of MTs in gills and digestive gland of field‐collected C. gigas showed that the MT level depended on the metal concentrations at the collection sites and may have been influenced by salinity variations at estuarine sites. Oysters from metal‐contaminated estuarine sites showed lower MT concentrations than those from nonestuarine contaminated sites.


The experimental program of the Pionic Hydrogen Collaboration aims at the measurement of the strong interaction induced shift and width of the pionic hydrogen 1s ground state with unprecedented precision. A sophisticated crystal spectrometer system is used to measure the X‐ray transitions to the ground state and thus the strong interaction shift and width with a precision of ∼ 2⋅10−3 and ∼10−2 respectively. The improvement in the precision of the width will amount to almost an order of magnitude compared to the most precise former experiment. From strong interaction shift and width the isospin‐dependent pion‐nucleon scattering lengths will be determined. From the scattering lengths the pion‐nucleon coupling constant and important information on chiral symmetry breaking can be deduced.


A motor slot wedge with a sealing structure and a combination device. The structure of the motor slot wedge (1) is the following: a groove is formed in the outer wall (13, 14) of the slot wedge; thermal expansion materials (8) are arranged in the groove; the thermal expansion materials (8) are in contact with the inner wall (10, 11, 12) of an iron core tooth groove after heating expansion. The combination device includes a motor iron core with the iron core tooth groove and the motor slot wedge (1) with the sealing structure. By forming the groove in the outer wall (13, 14) of the slot wedge (1) and filling the groove with the thermal expansion materials (8), the sealing structure is formed between the slot wedge (1) and the inner wall of the tooth groove of the iron core, moisture is prevented from entering the interior of the tooth groove of the iron core and damaging the insulating structure, and paint loss after vacuum pressure impregnation could be blocked.


This paper represents the design concepts and the test results of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for an electro-mechanical actuator used in a laser-cutting applications, for the dynamic focus adjustment. The motor is directly integrated with the mechanical components in a rotating-ballscrew architecture in order to minimize the total inertia and the actuator's size. The dynamic motion trajectory imposes a high acceleration-torque at high speeds. A prototype has been manufactured using the design data of the optimization procedure. Due to mechanical considerations and the stringent dimensional limits, the proposed motor has the PMs directly glued on the surface of the steel nut that represents the "rotor". Test results confirm the performance of the system and the goodness of the prototype.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In this study, we compared the different effect of Dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate (DMKG) on energy metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis between parental and doxorubicin-resistant liver cancer cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the energy metabolism section, cell viability, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, doxorubicin (DOX) content, energy metabolism phenotype, and enzymes expression were measured. In the autophagy part, autophagy vesicles were observed, enzymes expression and cell viability were detected. Apoptosis rate and expression of enzymes were detected in the apoptosis part. KEY RESULTS DMKG can directly act on ATP synthase and prolyl hydroxylase, affecting the cellular oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis levels, respectively, in both SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721/DOX cells. However, its practical effects depend on the function of the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle. Furthermore, ATP-reduced cell autophagy had partial anti-apoptotic effects in SMMC-7721 cells, which is an important reason for the weak inhibition of cell viability observed at low doses of DMKG. In contrast, DMKG showed no significant effect on autophagy but a high cell death rate in SMMC-7721/DOX cells. Induced high expression levels of p-AMPK, p-mTOR, and Bcl-2 could inhibit DMKG-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. However, activation of Caspase-3 was the most important molecular effect that was observed in relation to the DMKG-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721/DOX cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that inhibition of energy metabolism can reduce the effects of autophagy in DOX resistant cells, which could improve the therapeutic outcomes and reverse the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. This article provides a new idea and method for reversing tumor resistance.


Barocaloric effect in BaTiO3 single crystal is studied by a thermodynamic phenomenological model. It is demonstrated that a giant barocaloric effect can be achieved near room temperature with an adiabatic temperature change of more than 3 K and a temperature span about 50 K. As expected, the electrocaloric peak can be shifted towards room temperature by pressure. However, a slight reduction of the electrocaloric peak is found in contrast to relaxor ferroelectrics and LiNbO3. We believe that our findings could open a potential route by combining the barocaloric effect and pressure-mediated electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3 single crystal for cooling devices.