1. A method for producing reducing material used to restore lost tooth region in the oral cavity, comprising the steps of: placed on the carrier, a first cell mass formed cells or a cell of mesenchymal or epithelial cells and a second cell mass formed of another cell or other cells of mesenchymal or epithelial cells, wherein at least one of the mesenchymal or epithelial cells are obtained from a tooth germ and the first and second cell masses are positioned in close contact with each other, without mixing; ! growing first and second cell masses to form a reconstructed tooth germ or tooth reconstructed integer; and! determine the orientation of the restored tooth germ or tooth reconstructed whole formed by growing, which allows to introduce the tooth germ recovered or restored tooth in a region lost tooth so that the tooth crown part was directed into the oral cavity! using a tooth germ or tooth whose orientation has been determined, as a reducing material, to obtain a lost tooth equivalent in a lost tooth. ! 2. A method for producing reducing material of claim 1, characterized in that the lost tooth enamel equivalent Knoop hardness of from 300 to 600 units, and have a Knoop hardness of dentin of 60 to 120 units. ! 3. A method for producing reducing material of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cultivation is carried out in organ culture, and the reducing material comprises


The paper aims in assessing risks of mandible fractures consequent to impacts or sport accidents. The role of the structural stiffness of mandible, related to disocclusion state, is evaluated through numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM). It has been assumed that the quasi-static stress field, due to distributed forces developed during accidents, could explain the common types of mandibular fractures. Geometric model of adolescent mandible was built, upon the basis of medical imaging, in CAD software with distinction between cortical layer and inner spongy bone. The finite element model of disoccluded mandible was next created. Mandibular condyles were supposed jammed in the maxillary fossae. The total force of 700 N, simulating an impact on mandible, has been sequentially applied in three distinct areas: centrally, at canine zone and at the mandibular angle. Clinically most frequent fractures of mandible were recognized through the analysis of maximal principal stress and maximal principal strain fields. Mandibular fracture during accidents can be analyzed at satisfactory level using linear quasi-static FE models for designing protections in sport and transport. The proposed approach can be improved by introducing more realistic interactions between condylar processes and fossae.


In this study, Printed Wiring Board (PWB) specimens with Interstitial Via Hole (IVH) were exposed to thermal cycling test, and the thermal fatigue life scatter of IVH was investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), taking into consideration the influence of interactions between different processes during manufacturing. Focusing on laminated structure of PWB, the FEA was conducted with detailed modeling of glass cloth shape. The validity of the FEA model was confirmed by comparing the results of analysis with crack condition and order of fatigue fracture of IVH in thermal cycling test. The validated model was used to investigate a technique for evaluation of fatigue life scatter. It was revealed that the scatter factors in laminating process and drilling process influence the thermal fatigue life scatter of IVH. It was also found that in order to evaluate thermal fatigue life scatter of IVH by FEA, it is necessary to use a strain value which is representative of the equivalent plastic strain range that occurs all over IVH, instead of the equivalent plastic strain range extracted at a local point where the value is maximum.


Different categories of delay and the different types of delay found on construction projects are identified. Existing methods for assessing the effect of delaying events are reviewed and the results of an industry survey presented. None of the commonly recognized methods for delay analysis allow the assessment of three important issues at the same time: the progress of the project at the time the delay occurred; the changing nature of the critical path; and the effects of action taken (or that should have been taken) to minimize potential delays. A new method of delay analysis is presented. This method takes into consideration all these issues, and is a clear, straightforward step-by-step approach to the calculation of the expected delay in the completion of the project as a result of delays in activities encountered during the project. It uses a dynamic model considered by both experts and practitioners to be the best method to take account of progress and form the basis of delay claims.


Zizphus jujubein vitro cultivars,Muzao and JUNZAO were treated by10,15,20 and 25% concentration of PEG-6000.Effectsof drought stresson the growth of Zizphus jujubein vitro were studied.Theexperimental results showed that,with the intensive of stress,increments of cultivars height decreased and increments of cultivars leaf numbers increased first then decreased,but damage level of cultivar leaves gradually increased.Moreover,with the development of stress,numbers of tillers increased first then decreased.The later result showed that moderate stress was beneficial to the tiller of Zizphus jujube bud.


Coal-water-slurry (CWS) engine tests designed to evaluate a new accumulator-based injection system are described in this paper The new injection system was found to improve CWS burnout considerably at both full and part engine loads. The peak cylinder firing pressure when operating with CWS was no higher than when operating with diesel oil. These data demonstrates the improved engine performance that can be achieved with the accumulator-based injection system.


Fractures continuously extend and expand along bedding shale formations under the action of drilling fluid and eventually form a complex fracture network, which greatly reduces the strength of the rock. To determine the effect of the drilling fluid action time on the physical and mechanical properties of shale, nuclear magnetic resonance tests are carried out on shale soaked in oil-based drilling fluid for different soaking times. The fluid absorption rate of shale takes the form of a power function. The equations relating the shale mass, porosity, and permeability to soaking time are established. Then, in a sonic time-difference test, the change in the dynamic elastic parameters with the immersion time are observed. According to a triaxial strength test, the failure form and the deterioration degrees of the layered shale in different loading directions with immersion time are analyzed. Numerical simulation of the deterioration degree of shale under different water content conditions is carried out. When the water content increases, the collapse density of the surrounding rock of the well wall increases significantly. Finally, considering the anisotropy of bedding shale, the inclination angle, azimuth angle, and drilling fluid immersion time are substituted into the rock mechanics parameter deterioration model, the three pressure profiles of the formation are corrected, and the safe drilling fluid density window of the target interval is given.


The present invention relates to a system configured for providing a plurality of access terminals to a telecommunications network and a method is therefore proposed. Each terminal includes a unique identifier for accessing the telecommunications network. Telecommunications network comprises a register, an access request receiver and an access module. The unique identifier is configured to register at least one terminal and the at least one grant access time interval, or equivalent binding stored in the grant access time interval, or to allow access to the terminal during the equivalents thereof. An access request receiver is configured for receiving the access request and the unique identifier for accessing the telecommunications network from the terminal. If an access module is configured for the spacer or the equivalent thereof in the time to receiving the access request is denied access to the terminal.


The application of a specific copolymer emulsion at a rate of 10 kg dry copolymer per hectare over the crop row had four different beneficial effects on sugarcane. These were better germination, earlier development, more stalks at harvest and greater cane yields. Although 5 kg dry copolymer per hectare significantly increased the number of shoots present three months after treatment, only at a rate of 10 kg did the beneficial effects persist to give aatistically greater increases in cane yields at harvest. In addition to conserving soil moisture, the copolymer may also conserve water sensitive soil additives such as fertilizers and herbicides by reducing losses due to leaching.


Apostasia elliptica J.J. Smith has only been collected twice before, in Sumatra and on the Malay Peninsula. The species has now been found in Borneo. The collection by Bunnemeijer (107) from Sumatra, Westcoast Reserve, Ophir District, N of Talu represents the type and is deposited in BO. The Malay Peninsula collection from Perak, G. Kerbau was made by Md. Haniff (4019). The Bornean material was collected by the author of this note, in Brunei, Temburong District, near the subcamp Pondok Busiri on the way to Bukit Belalong. Specimens of the latter collection are deposited in the herbaria of BRUN, K, and AAU. The determination by A.D. Poulsen and H.AE. Pedersen as A. elliptica using the key in De Vogel (1969) was confirmed by the latter.


Uppermost Tortonian to lower Messinian temperate carbonates crop out in the Agua Amarga Basin (SE Spain). They consist of four units. The lower three units can be tentatively assigned to the lowstand systems tract of a fourth-order sequence, constituting in turn the lowstand ('megatrough unit'), transgressive ('breccia unit') and highstand ('bedded unit') stages of a higher-order cycle. All these materials were deposited in a small pull-apart basin related to the sinistral Carboneras strike-slip fault system. The best represented is the bedded unit (up to 25 m thick), which consists of bioclastic, bryozoan/bivalve-dominated calcarenites/calcirudites with abundant fragments of echinoids, barnacles, benthic foraminifers, coralline algae, brachiopods and solitary corals. Facies trends within this unit are roughly arranged in an E‐W direction, with the coastline to the north of the basin. The depositional model is that of a gentle ramp with prograding beaches and shoals in its higher parts. Seaward of the shoals was the 'factory area', where most organisms lived and maximum carbonate production took place. From this area some of the skeletons were washed landwards by waves and/or currents during storms and incorporated into the shoals and beaches, and others moved downslope along the ramp as mass-flows, accumulating to form the 'fan-bedded zone'. The factory-area and fan-bedded sediments intercalate five well-defined, thick beds of calcarenites/fine-grained calcirudites. They show bar morphologies (single or amalgamated), or make up sand-waves with very consistent tabular cross-bedding pointing landwards. These beds formed in a very shallow, wave/current-influenced, coastal environment. The bars and sand waves in the fan-bedded zone developed during lowstands, while those located higher up in the ramp interbedded with the factory facies are related to transgressive stages. Prograding beaches, shoals, factory facies and fan-bedded layers developed during the highstands. Net skeletal production occurred mainly during the highstands. Sediment-accretion values of these sediments are similar to those of present and ancient shallow-marine, temperate carbonates considering that the whole bedded unit was deposited in a 100 000-year interval (equivalent to the short eccentricity cycle). The five cycles inside the bedded unit would therefore correspond to the c. 20 000-year precession cycles of the Milankovitch band.


Blades are important components of aviation-engine, with complex shape and high precision machining. The radius of curvature of the leading and trailing edges of the precision forging blades is small and the curvature changes fast. In this paper, the adaptive machining scheme about the leading/trailing edge of the precision forging blade is proposed. Firstly, the measurement model based on theoretical model of the blade is established. Secondly, according to the measurement model, the measurement path planning is proposed. Thirdly, measurement data processing and registration, then blade model reconstructed to generate the new NC code for machining.


Otology that limb of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery that deals with ear disease, has reached the point at which it should stand alone, constituted and perceived as a separate medical specialty. Too long it has remained loosely appended to the practice of upper aerodigestive tract disorders by virtue of its regional proximity. The current degree of sophistication in auditory knowledge and research can no longer countenance the relegation of otology to such a peripheral status. The spectrum and character of otologic problems bears, at best, modest relation to upper aerodigestive tract disorders, and in many disease states, none at all. Yet the traditional union of ear, nose, and throat persists as a modern-day anachronism. This persisting union is responsible for otology's relative ignomy and marginal status in clinical practice, teaching, and research. The time has come for otology!!! Let its name be known and recognized! Otolaryngology and ophthalmology have not


In some hospitals, it is often seen that because there are more patients and fewer doctors, the attending doctor often rushes between the patient's wards to query the patient's physiological data, or the nurse is responsible for recording the patient's physiological data and reporting it to the doctor. The work is very labor-intensive, and the data seen by the doctor is not real-time data, so the judgment of the patient's condition is not real-time and effective. To this end, this paper develops a medical big data statistical management system, which collects, counts, and stores patients' medical information in the system's management database for centralized management and facilitates query. For the storage of medical big data(BD), this paper uses a distributed cache framework to store medical data information, and implements distributed data processing through the C4.5 algorithm of the decision tree(DT) algorithm. The experimental results of large-scale(LC) medical data processing based on the C4.5 algorithm are also The data processing efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated, which provides great convenience for medical data management.


Objective
To explore the feasibility and application value of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion (Q-CEUS) in the preoperative evaluation of differentiation degree of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Clinical data of 91 patients with HCC undergoing contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 78 patients were male and 13 were female, with an average age of (52±12) years. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Q-CEUS analysis was performed in all patients. Related data such as the rise time (RT) of peak intensity and time to peak (TTP) were recorded. The relationship among RT, TTP and the differentiation of HCC was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The diagnostic value of perfusion parameters on the HCC differentiation was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
In total,22, 53 and 16 patients were respectively diagnosed with highly-, moderately- and lowly-differentiated HCC. Q-CEUS analysis indicated that RT and TTP in the tumor and tip-enhanced region (TER) were significantly correlated with the HCC differentiation, they decreased along with the decrease of differentiation degree (F=21.374, 10.575 and 14.629, 17.432; P<0.05). The RT and TTP in the tumor and TER significantly differed between the highly- and moderately-differentiated groups (HSD-t=13.317, 13.136 and 15.003, 14.473; P<0.05), and between the highly- and lowly-differentiated groups (HSD-t=11.425, 10.754 and 12.741, 12.145; P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of RT and TTP in the tumor was respectively 0.835 and 0.696 for diagnosing highly-differentiated HCC, and was respectively 0.805 and 0.783 in TER. The area under the ROC curve of RT in the tumor was significantly larger than that of TTP (Z=2.855, P<0.05).

Conclusions
Q-CEUS parameters, such as RT and TTP, can be used in the differential diagnosis of highly-differentiated HCC with moderate diagnostic value. The diagnostic value of RT is better than that of TTP.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Ultrasonography, interventional; Preoperative evaluation


An anion‐doped aluminium chlorofluoride AlCl0.1F2.8(OTeF5)0.1 (ACF‐teflate) was synthesized. The material contains pentafluoroorthotellurate (teflate) groups, which mimic fluoride ions electronically, but are sterically more demanding. They are embedded into the amorphous structure. The latter was studied by PDF analysis, EXAFS data and MAS NMR spectroscopy. The mesoporous powder is a Lewis superacid, and ATR‐IR spectra of adsorbed CD3CN reveal a blue‐shift of the adsorption band by 73 cm−1, which is larger than the shift for SbF5. Remarkably, ACF‐teflate catalyzes dehydrofluorination reactions of monofluoroalkanes to yield olefins in C6D6. In these cases, no Friedel‐Crafts products were formed.


Several species of the Lauraceae family are endangered, due to the high value of their woods, and the consequent exploitation of natural populations. Among them, Ocotea porosa, O. odorifera and O. catharinensis, native from South Brazil, have recalcitrant seeds, what makes even more dificult their natural regeneration. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro seed germination and multiplication of O. odorifera and O. catharinensis in culture medium supplemented with activated charcoal and/or BAP and in vitro seed germination and multiplication of O. porosa in culture medium supplemented with several concentrations of sucrose. The effect of BAP and activated charcoal were tested in the multiplication of O. catharinensis and O. odorifera and the effect of sucrose concentration (30, 60, 90 ou 120 g.L-1) was tested in the multiplication of O. porosa. The germination percentage was higher than 85% for all species. BAP promoted the highest multiplication rates for O. odorifera. O. porosa showed the best results for in vitro germination and multiplication on 60 g.L-1 sucrose. The establishment of O. catharinensis was achieved, but after some weeks, in all media tested, the explants showed abnormalities, and finally died.


: This exploratory study aimed to identify the impact of profitability on the Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditure (CSRE) of the commercial banks quoted in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Bangladesh. This study used the secondary information from Annual Report of fifteen (15) banks and used the Net Interest Margin (NIM), Cost to Income Ratio (CIR), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity as the proxy variables for the measurement of the profitability. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. This study reveals that there is positive impact of profitability on the CSRE of banks. Furthermore, this study also found sharp impact of EPS and ROA on profitability rather than NIM, CIR and ROE. So it can be referred from the findings that if the profitability increases the banks become more encouraged to invest in CSRE in Bangladesh Context .


A new mathematical model for manufacturing rectangular of box-type forgings is proposed. Along the outer contour of the forging there are walls with thickness comparable to the thickness of the bottom part of the forging. To calculate the power parameters of the technological process under study, the authors use the theory of flow in a relatively thin plastic layer as described by A. A. Ilyushin. A thickness-averaged two-dimensional mathematical model of the plastic layer spreading process is described by nonlinear partial differential equations of the first order with respect to the contact pressure and the flow velocity components. For a metal that is in a flat deformed state, the condition of complete plasticity is assumed, under which the tangent stresses in the layer are small in comparison with normal stresses and they can be ignored, and two normal stresses in the cross section can be considered equal in the first approximation. The third normal stress is equal to the contact pressure of the layer on the tool. In this case, it is sufficient to set a single boundary condition on the border of the regions.


Information necessary for predicting infestations of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is detailed. Distinction is made on the level of knowledge necessary for predictions of FAW infestations which are short-term, seasonal at 1 site, and seasonal over a wide area. Polyphagy and mobility are emphasized as processes in the dynamics of FAW which make prediction of infestation patterns difficult. Four hypotheses on FAW seasonal survival strategies are presented and evaluated relative to existing information on FAW abundance and distribution.


SWIMMING POOLS According to ASHRAE (1999a), the desirable temperature for swimming pools is 27C, however, this will vary from culture to culture by as much as 5C. If the geothermal water is higher in temperature, then some sort of mixing or cooling by aeration or in a holding pond is required to lower the temperature. If the geothermal water is used directly in the pool, then a flow through process is necessary to replace the "used" water on a regular basis. In many cases, the pool water must be treated with chlorine, thus it is more economical to use a closed loop for the treated water and have the geothermal water provide heat through a heat exchanger. The water heating system in this case, is installed on the return line to the pool. Acceptable circulation rates vary from six to eight hours for a complete change of water. Heat exchangers must be designed to resist the corrosive effects of the chlorine in the pool water and scaling or corrosion from the geothermal water. This often requires, in the case of plate heat exchangers, using titanium plates. Sizing of the system for temperature and flow rates depends on four considerations (ASHRAE, 1999a), which are also discussed in more detail in achapter on Aquaculture Design by Rafferty (1998). These are:


In this paper, an implementation of vehicle ventilation system using microcontroller NodeMCU is described, as an internet of things (IoT) platform. A low-cost wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) microchip ESP8266 integrated with NodeMCU provides full-stack transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) to communicate between mobile applications. This chip is capable to monitor and control sensor devices connected to the IoT platform. In this reserach, data was collected from a temperature sensor integrated to the platform, which then monitored using Blynk application. The vehicle ventilation system was activated/deactivated through mobile application and controlled using ON/OFF commands sent to the connected devices. From the results, the vehicle ventilation system built using NodeMCU microcontroller is capable to provide near real-time data monitoring for temperature in the car before and after the ventilation system was applied.


Abstract : A literature search was conducted with the objective of assimilating information from widely diverse sources to provide the operational Navy forecaster with a single reference text for the Arabian Sea area and the approaches thereto. Navy forecasters were interviewed to determine typical problems and deficiencies in support, and to obtain forecasting RULES/AIDS developed through experience. The approach adopted has been to describe and discuss the weather patterns which are typical of the two monsoon seasons and the transition seasons between in the section treating the season in which they are most common. A final section which addresses the effects of the regional weather on specific military evolutions is included. Satellite imagery, selected climatology and illustrative graphics augment the text. Satellite data interpretation techniques applicable to the region are discussed in an appendix.


Sand G2 phase cells were exposed to 150 ergs mm~ 2UVand their abilityto photoreactivate the induced cell killing (loss of colony forming ability) and chromosomal aberrations was determined as a function of time following the UVexposure. InS phase cells, the lesions leading to cell death and those leading to aberrations were both converted to a non-photoreactivable state shortly after the UV exposure. A significant fraction of the lesions induced in G2 cells, that led to cell death, were converted to a non-photoreactivable state before the progeny of the exposed cells reached the next succeeding S phase. Few, ifany, lesions were induced in G2 cells that were expressed as aberrations at the first mitosis following exposure. Some of the lesions induced in G2 cells led to aberrations that were observable in the progeny that progressed to the second mitosis following exposure. These lesions were converted to a nonphotoreactivable state as the progeny of the exposed G2 cells progressed through the first S phase followingexposure.


We prove reducibility of a transport equation on the $d$-dimensional torus $T^d$ with a time quasi-periodic unbounded perturbation. As far as we know this is the first example of a reducibility result for an equation in more than one dimensions with unbounded perturbations. Furthermore the unperturbed problem has eigenvalues whose differences are dense on the real axis.


Laboratory tests of axial tension fatigue and field data on structural applications indicate that there may be an "S-N" type curve for wire rope. Exposure of steel ropes and strands in marine environments for up to 15 years indicates the benefits to be gained from zinc coatings and plastic jackets. Recommendations are made.


Based on the traditional control approach, the position-tracking performance of the teleoperation system with communication delay is generally asymptotically stable. In practical applications, the closed-loop system is expected to achieve stable and finite-time convergence performance. A novel finite-time bilateral control scheme for a telerobotics system with communication delay is presented in this paper. On the basis of the traditional proportional damping injection control, this paper proposes and designs a new finite-time control method by introducing the non-integer power to the position error, velocity, and the combined error with position error and velocity. In comparison to existing proportional damping injection and finite-time control structures, the proposed method not only achieves the finite-time convergence performance of position tracking, but it also has the advantages of a simple structure and fewer gain coefficients. The controller also incorporates the radial basis function (RBF) neural network and adaptive approach to compensate unknown dynamics and external forces, thus also avoiding the measurement of force signals. The Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is then defined, and it is demonstrated that the position tracking of closed-loop teleoperation system has bounded stability and finite-time control performance. The simulation experiment is also performed, and the results further illustrated the bounded stability of the system. Moreover, compared to the position tracking errors of other non-finite-time control methods, it is demonstrated that the proposed finite-time control scheme has a faster convergence rate and higher convergence precision.


The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regular exercise could affect mental health positively in adult. It was hypothized that: there is significant difference in mental health (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and life-satisfaction) between regular exercises according to exercise time, frequence, and duration. 2,000 adult men and women above 20 years old, who living in Seoul, were employed as subjects in Seoul. Data were also collected by making phone calls at the sports club in the same region. 17'21 out of 1743 answeres were utilized as data. The reliabity of instruments which was used in this study was as follow: Self-rating Anxiety Scale for Zung(197l) a=.8561, Self-rating Depression Scale for Zung & Durham(1965) a=.8061, Self-Esteem Seal for Rosenberg(1965) a=.7465, Life Satisfaction Index-Well being for Bigot(1974) a=.7741. Data were analyzed by Three Way ANOVA according to the purpose of the study. Tukey HSD(was used as follow-up test. The result showed that: subjects who engaged in exercise more than 5 years got low anxiety and depression level and high self-esteem leve. There was not significant difference in mental herth factors according to exercise frequenct and time. Continuance of exercise, therefore, affected mental health, but frequency and time did not affect mental health.


There is a gap in the evidence on telerehabilitation (TR) for people with fragility fractures. It is unclear whether this group with recent falls who are often frail with cognitive changes will accept tele-rehabilitation and functional gains can be achieved using this approach. Prospective observational study of consecutive patients admitted with femoral or pelvic fracture to a hospital-based home rehabilitation service (HRS) between January and November 2017. Using tablets, multidisciplinary rehabilitation was provided via videoconferencing and use of exercise apps. Patients chose a face-to-face visit or TR. Information on demographic characteristics, functional levels, the total number of therapy sessions, TR episodes, reasons for non-acceptance of TR, and patient-reported experience using TR was collected. Fifty-two patients with hip and pelvic fractures were admitted to the HRS and 35 (67.3%) received TR. Patients who did not accept TR were older, frailer and more likely to be female than those who received TR. Of the 17 who did not receive TR, 6 were deemed unsuitable by staff due to hearing, vision or cognitive problems and 3 refused. The TR group achieved acceptable functional gains. In the TR group on average, participants had 13.63 (± 7.29) home visits however they only elected to have 3.43 (± 2.48) sessions delivered via TR. TR was acceptable to a subset of hip fracture patients but face-to-face was the preferred mode of delivery. More research is needed to understand patients' preferences and beliefs, and the influence of clinician attitudes on uptake of TR.


Origins of the chiroptical effects explored in this work. (a) a cartoon depicting the mechanisms that underpin the chiroptical response in nonaligned and aligned thin ?lms and (b) the polymer systems evaluated here, and (c) Spatially resolved circular dichroism (50?micron resolution) of annealed achiral polymer blended with a chiral additive (ACPCA) thin films using B23 beamline. Credit: Nature Communications


In this part of the SK, only two rules are dealt with: P.l.4.54 and 55. In the definition of "kartr: an agent" as final member of kiirakacategory, Patafijali starts his comment on P.l.4.54 by explaining the meaning of 'tantra' etymologically. He says: /drrz yasya svarrz tantrarrz sa svatantra~ (How is this interpretation of the word svatantra, i.e., the one who has own loom?) [MBh ad P.l.4.54, 1.338, 17]. By this understanding, we have to come across the difficulty that the designation kartr would be applied only to tantuviiya (a weaver). Rejecting this purvapak$a, Patafijali states the intended meaning in this rule, namely "ayarrz tantrasabdo 'sty eva vitiine vartate . ... asti priidhiinye vartate. tadyathii. svatantro 'sau briihmm;a ity ucyate svapradhiina iti gamyate: Sometimes this . word tantra stands for vitiina (extension, canopy).l ... But it is sometimes used in the sense of priidhiinya (being prominent). For example, svatantro 'sau briihmalJa~ (This brahmin is independent). In this usage, we realize that he has his own independency" [ibid., 18-20]. In this way, the word svatantra, which is sarrzjfiin, is defined: one who has himself as independent. As for the predominancy of kartr over other members of kiiraka apiidiina, adhikaralJa, sarrzpradiina, karalJa, and karman -, Patafijali, after replying to the Viirttika XV: na vii svatantra-


We propose e\ensuremath{\gamma} scattering, where the photons are quasireal ones generated by the proton beam, to be used for electromagnetic calibration of the apparatus and for a normalization of experimental luminosities at DESY HERA. The same process may also be used for searching for an ${e}^{\mathrm{*}}$, or determining a limit for its coupling constant, in particular, in the mass range of 100\char21{}200 GeV. We discuss experimental requirements and results to be anticipated.


This paper analyses the way in which T. S. Eliot criticized Swinburn's theory to propose a newer theory of language and reading. First of all we can appraise words more as 'views' than as 'sounds', superseding the structuralist approach of De Saussure, and its philosophical applications, to introduce an 'Iconic Turn' into the proper heart of linguistic theory itself. Secondly we may try to introduce a newer concept of 'reading' as 'ontological reading', to bypass the divide between traditional American Close reading and the 'Theory' as it has been introduced by Paul de Man. Moreover the paper is a first attempt to redefine the problem of reference reframing the same matter of reference. In this way a direct plunge into literary theory and literariness can bring a new light to the appreciation of their social and political impacts.


Forecasting accuracy allows the possibility to better allocate and plan resources improving sales and operations planning (S&OP). Our approach defines an optimized process to select and calibrate models for time series data applied in a consumer electronics company, minimizing the need of expert interventions. We highlight the impact of choosing the properties that govern the behavior of the models (Hyperparameters) and propose a process for model selection between Exponential Smoothing and SARIMA forecasting methods. We expand this approach to deep learning LSTM model. Also, the methods for each model are reviewed based on multi-criteria performance metrics. The results show the advantages of the proposed process for model selection and the reduced complexity and implementation for such models in a business environment.


Based on the motivational theory of Gardner and Gao Yi-hong,with the aid of a pre-test and post-test of English ability and questionnaire,as well as the statistical instrument,the feature and tends of motivation of 194 art students are investigated under the Staged English Teaching mode in Northwest University for Nationalities.The results show that:there is a significant difference between the controlled students and tested students on the variable of valence,learning purpose and effort,which reveals the tested students more tends to the attitude of agreeing than that of controlled students.While on the variable of self-efficacy,the degree of attitude towards agreeing of tested students tends to be weaker.It is proved that staged teaching mode exerts positive influence on motivation of studying English to art students.However,the further research needs to be undertaken in the future according to the result.


In this paper, we first propose a novel Structured Sparse Subspace Learning S^3L module to address the long-standing subspace sparsity issue. Elicited by proposed module, we design a new discriminative feature selection method, named Subspace Sparsity Discriminant Feature Selection S^2DFS which enables the following new functionalities: 1) Proposed S^2DFS method directly joints trace ratio objective and structured sparse subspace constraint via L2,0-norm to learn a row-sparsity subspace, which improves the discriminability of model and overcomes the parameter-tuning trouble with comparison to the methods used L2,1-norm regularization; 2) An alternative iterative optimization algorithm based on the proposed S^3L module is presented to explicitly solve the proposed problem with a closed-form solution and strict convergence proof. To our best knowledge, such objective function and solver are first proposed in this paper, which provides a new though for the development of feature selection methods. Extensive experiments conducted on several high-dimensional datasets demonstrate the discriminability of selected features via S^2DFS with comparison to several related SOTA feature selection methods. Source matlab code: https://github.com/StevenWangNPU/L20-FS.


To evaluate the feasibility of Diesel-Atkinson cycle achieving high thermal efficiency, the proper high expansion method for a diesel engine was studied by investigating the characteristics of its compression and expansion process in the RICEM. The EIVC and LIVC methods controlled by variable valve timing system Witll a pneumatic actuator were used for the high expansion of a Atkinson cycle.
The results showed that the EIVC method was reasonable for increasing effective compression ratio, effective work and expansion ratio and the LIVC was effective to increase the amount of intake air flow. It was also found that the above tendencies of Diesel-Atkinson cycle was the same as that of the Otto.


The structure and management of small firms are examined here in the light of the findings of recent research. This article analyses the contribution of small companies to the United Kingdom economy and the patterns of growth and decline of small firms in this country and in the United States of America, and describes some of the findings of research into the management of small companies. It considers some of the implications of research findings for the training and development of small firm managers and for the formulation of policies that contribute to the more effective use of managerial manpower in the small firm.


This paper describes the DESHL -- an open standards-based means for accessing the DEISA consortium's heterogeneous supercomputing Grid. The paper provides some background on DEISA before giving an overview of the functionality and architecture of the DESHL.


This paper presents a new quenching waveform generation and calibration for sensitivity optimization of super-regenerative (SR) receivers. To achieve high sensitivity, calibration of the slope and step variations of the optimal quenching waveform (OQW) is needed. The proposed sensitivity optimization uses an optimal crossing point waveform calibration technique to achieve maximum sensitivity during the sensitivity accumulation (SA) region. The proposed OQW circuit and its calibration loops are implemented in 180nm CMOS technology and tested within an SR receiver with a center frequency of 2.4GHz.


Having (57) Abstract: label sheet assembly for transparent paper labels substantially clear pressure sensitive adhesive coating (42) with a substantially transparent paper label sheet (20). Label (22) is punched from the paper label sheet (20). Paper label sheet (20) is attached on the backing sheet (28) having a release coating to permit removal of the label. Pressure sensitive adhesive (42) may be stable in the presence of temperatures up to 200 ° F, thus the label may be printed by a laser printer. The label sheet assemblies, by an ink jet printer or xerographic printer with high print quality as a result, may be printed in its entirety. Method of printing a transparent label sheet, double thickness label to form a sheet assembly, creating a paper supply stock (48), xerographic the label sheet assembly from the paper supply stock (50), laser and ink jet printer ( supplied to 52), remove the label (22) from the backing sheet (28), and consists of attaching these labels to the product to be labeled. By using transparent paper labels, this method makes a single source of transparent label sheet assemblies (48), ink jet, and can be supplied to a variety of different printers including laser and xerographic printers.


The Sharpe model of capital asset pricing under conditions of risk has received wide theoretical acclaim and empirical support. This paper presents an econometric study of the model with the following objectives: (a) to show the effect of measuring the model's independent variables incorrectly; (b) to derive and use a new procedure for empirically testing the adequacy of the model as it is currently formulated.


Thousands of Muslims across Pakistan celebrated Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan, with mosques packed for early morning prayers on Wednesday.


The investigation entitled ''Growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as influenced by nitrogen and plant population under different dates of sowing'' was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The experiment was replicated thrice in split plot design during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. It comprised three dates of sowing i.e. 15 th September, 1 st October and 15 th October in main plot. There were nine sub plot treatment i.e. combination of three nitrogen (100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) and three spacings (45 × 45 cm, 60 × 45 cm and 60 ×30 cm). Present investigation revealed that sowing on 15 th September, wider spacing of 60 × 45 cm and N @ 150 kg/ha recorded maximum number of leaves, leaf size, plant spread and glucosinolates. The average head size, weight of the head and weight of auxiliary sprouts were the highest in 1 st October sowing, 60 × 45 cm and N @ 125 Kg/ha. Sowing on 1 st October recorded the highest total yield of 172.62 q/ha and 180.67 q/ha, respectively in 20142015 and 2015-2016. Among plant population 45 cm × 45 cm planting distance recorded the highest total yield in both the years. Further N @ 125 kg/ha recorded maximum total yield. Whereas, interaction between different components were non significant for total yield. Thus, it is concluded from the study that sowing on 1 st of October at plant spacing of 45 × 45 cm with the application of nitrogen @ 125 kg/ha is beneficial to increase the total yield of broccoli.


Abstract The effects of affects (anxiety, anger) on the content of concurrently ongoing dreams have been studied in 10 college students. Dreams were defined as mental products in which everything (including thoughts) is expressed by means of visual imagery. Anxiety or anger were generated by posthypnotic suggestions. The Ss professed total amnesia for the posthypnotic suggestions. The presence of suggested anxiety or anger concurred with changes of the galvanic skin resistance, the blood pressure, the heart rate, and the free fatty acid content of blood plasma. Analysis of the reported dream contents suggests that the dream content may be altered through endogenous affects that concur with the process of dreaming. Mild or moderate anxiety or anger without a specific content may promote retrieval of old memory traces and incorporation of these memory traces into the dream content. Intensive anxiety (or rage) may result in dreamwork designed to cope with this intensive emotion. This may interfere with the e...


Abstract In this first part of our essay on oxygenic photosynthesis, we address the various aspects of classical and murburn explanations. We had recently pointed out that the classical explanations of- trans-membrane potential (TMP)-based chemiosmotic rotary ATP synthesis, quinone-cycle at cytochrome b 6 f, chartered electron transport by plastocyanin, and modality of light's interaction with chloroplast pigments- are untenable. In lieu, we proposed a diffusible reactive (oxygen) species (DROS)-based murburn model. In continuum, herein, we assess the operational viability of the cyclic oxygenesis and electron transport chain (ETC) explanations for oxygenic photosynthesis, in the light of updated structural/mechanistic information. Further, thermodynamically validated murburn equations of photolysis-photophosphorylation (Pl-Pp) are provided, along with the rationale for organelle-homeostasis. We propose that the photo-excitation of various pigments leads to the formation of aquated electrons (eaq) and DROS in milieu, which are stabilized by a pool of redox-active elements within chloroplasts. Subsequently, the 'eaq+DR(O)S' pool is utilized stochastically via disordered/parallel reactions at the stacked thylakoid membrane interface. Effective charge separation by 'photosystem switches' enables delocalized oxygenesis, NAD(P) reduction and ADP phosphorylation. Heat/TMP/DROS generation is also an outcome of this process. Finally, we compare the murburn and classical models of Pl-Pp and delineate agendas for their ratification/falsification. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Highlights Contemporary beliefs on oxygenic photosynthesis are critiqued. Murburn model is suggested as an alternative explanation. In the new model, diffusible reactive species are the main protagonists. All pigments are deemed photo-redox active in the new stochastic mechanism. NADPH synthesis occurs via simple electron transfers, not via elaborate ETC. Oxygenesis is delocalized and not just centered at Mn-Complex. Energetics of murburn proposal for photophosphorylation is provided. The proposal ushers in a paradigm shift in photosynthesis research.


More than forty years after its introduction, Simplified General Perturbation Theory No. 4 (SGP4) is still currently in use as the de facto standard in orbit propagation and in generating Two-Line Elements (TLEs). Unfortunately, the positioning error that results from the generated TLEs have remained relatively unchanged and continue to increase with larger TLE update intervals. This paper investigates an approach in analyzing truth data to help in possibly minimizing the errors associated with generated TLEs. The current resulting positioning errors are permissible for general tracking of satellites and pass scheduling; however, the errors that result from SGP4 alone can cause some limitations if used in other applications. This is not necessarily a challenge for large satellites that can afford to include certain instruments to help keep positioning errors low, but due to the power, volume, and cost limitations of small satellites, this can become problematic as there are not as many sensors that can fit within the small form factor. Therefore, shadow time characteristics for Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites will be examined to hopefully improve TLE accuracies by incorporating measured shadow time.


Support vector data description(SVDD) is a kind of one-class classification method.It can be used to solve the problem of insufficient fault samples in fault diagnosis.Vector-bispectrum is the bispectrum analysis method based on the full vector spectrum information fusion.It can be used to fuse the double-channel information of the rotary machines effectively and reflect the nonlinear properties in the signals more completely and accurately.In order to realize the aim that the faults of the machines can be diagnosed effectually and intelligently under the situation of lack of fault samples,an intelligent fault diagnosis method by combining vector-bispectrum with SVDD is put forward.By using the vector-bispectrum to process the signals and extract the characteristic vectors to be used as the input parameters of SVDD.The classification model is set up and therefore the running states of the machines can also be classified.The method is applied to the gearbox fault diagnosis.The results indicate that the method can be effectively used to extract the characteristic information of the gearbox signals and increase the accuracy of SVDD in the fault diagnosis.


Descendants of Holocaust survivors and perpetrators offer insights into the intergenerational impact of their legacy and the second generation's role in shaping memory of the Shoah. In these personal, and often dramatic pieces, differences surface, but common ground is also revealed.


Background: Complications and diabetes-related difficulties such as fatigue are among the major hindrances in improving health behaviors such as the participation in diabetes self-care programs. Objectives: This study investigates the factors influencing fatigue levels in type two diabetes patients given the significance of fatigue and its consequences on controlling diabetes as well as regarding the significant role of the community health nurses in treating and educating patients. Patients and Methods: The present study is a quantitative research with a descriptive design. The participants of the study were 195 patients with type two diabetes supported by Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre. They were selected via available sampling method. The instrument of data collection was a written questionnaire that consists of two-part demographic information section and a short form of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory (MFSI-SF). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (ver 16). The significance value for all the tests in the study was P < 0.05. Results: There were significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) between the mean fatigue scores for females (23.22 ± 17.49) and males (13.24 ± 17.73). Among the investigated factors, there was a significant statistical association among the fatigue mean total score and body mass index, (F = 9.521, df = 2, P < 0.05), physical activity (t = 3.90, df = 190, P < 0.05), and complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and foot ulcer history. Conclusions: Fatigue in diabetes is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which can be controlled and treated effectively, if it is evaluated appropriately, and the factors that cause it are investigated.


In this paper, we set up a general framework of parallel matrix mullisplitting relaxation methods for solving large scale system of linear equations. We investigate the convergence properties of this framework and give several sufficient conditions ensuring it to converge as well as diverge. At last, we conclude a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of this framework when the coefficient matrix is an L-matrix.


As the upper spout (A) extending around the outer surface of the drinking cup abuts the back of the spout (A) abuts extends around the inner surface of the drinking cup, drinking the lid through a drink can be attached to a drinking cup is provided by (a). BACKGROUND OF 2A and 2B


Since the stochastic detection/miss sequences are introduced, Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for state estimation becomes stochastic. Considering a correlation phenomenon between CRLB and location of missing data (LMD) for incomplete measurements systems in the case where the probability of detection is less than unity, the in∞uence of LMD upon the CRLB is discussed for discrete-time random system. It is a novel result that under certain conditions the modifled CRLB is a monotonically decreasing function of LMD by use of Lyapunov inequality. Moreover, a pairs of upper and lower bounds of CRLB are also presented for a deterministic probability of detection. The numeral simulations reveal that the upper and lower bounds of CRLB approach the theoretic CRLB as the probability of detection increases.


Use lightly moistened cloths for the purpose, and gently shake them out of doors. IX. Do not spit on the floor in the cell, chapel, shop or mess hall, for the sputum of a consumptive is swept up or otherwise spread about. It is then breathed and conveyed to the lungs, the germ is lodged there, consumption resulting. X. Do not neglect a cough or cold. See the doctor. Keepers will rigidly enforce the foregoing rules and any violations of them must be reported to the warden. C. V. COLLINS, Supt. State Prisons. Albany, N. Y., April 20, 1907.


One-step polymerization was adopted to synthesize the rigid polyurethane foam.Effect of content of DABCO8154 on foaming time,apparent density,thermal stability and mechanical properties of RPUF product was studied.With increasing DABCO8154 loading,compression strength and bending strength of the product decreased,foaming time decreased,density increased first then decreased,and thermal stability increased.


Based on the data which obtained from the models of large scale simulation structure which pumped with the high volume composite mineral admixtures and mixed sand concrete,substituted the core sample from the solid models for cubic sample in the laboratory,the ultrasonic-rebound combined strength curve is established by least square method.Through the error analysis and the comparison between the national and Beijing area curve with the site test data of actual engineering,the superiority of the article curve is testified,and is suitable for the high volumn composite mineral admixtures and mixed sand concrete.


The principles of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) provide clinicians with the ability to identify, source, appraise and integrate research evidence into medical decision making. Despite the mantra of EBM encouraging the use of evidence to inform practice, there appears little evidence available on how best to teach EBM to medical trainees. A systematic review was performed to identify what type of educational method is most effective at increasing medical trainees' competency in EBM.


In a secondary battery ( 10) suggested herein, when a gas pressure in a battery case (12) is increased to or above a specified level and a current interrupt valve (26) is consequently raised to a connecting terminal (21) side, a thinned section (71) is broken around a portion that is joined to the current interrupt valve 26, the connecting terminal (21) and an electrode body are electrically interrupted from each other. An insulant (27) is disposed in a portion where the thinned section (71) is broken, and is interposed between both edges of the broken thinned section (71) after the thinned section (71) is broken.


Quantum antidots (QAD), which are a potential energy hill in a quantum Hall state, offer an ideal test-bed to study bound states in quantum Hall states. So far, electron transport in QAD devices has been investigated mostly by measuring the voltage between voltage probes, which, however, may not be suitable to detect small current on the order of pico-amperes or less. Here, we utilize a Corbino-type electrode to directly measure the current through the QADs. We find the direct current measurement with a current–voltage converter provides a more precise tunneling current than the voltage measurement with a voltage amplifier.


Yunnan is known as the "Hometown of Butterflies" in China. The colorful and morphological diversity of the Papilioidae in Yunnan province is the subject of insect ecology and evolution research. At the same time, the Yunnan Papilio has great ornamental value. It is of great significance to accurately identify the species of Papilionidae in Yunnan Province. At present, Yunnan Papilio has not been classified in the related research on butterfly identification using deep learning methods, and there is a situation that the sample data set between species is small and the number is unbalanced, which may cause the model to fail to learn the morphological characteristics of butterflies. In response to the above problems, this study established a data set consisting of 12,956 original images of papilionidae from Yunnan Province, including two subfamilies, 12 genera and 80 species. Five deep learning network models (VGG-19, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 and DenseNet-121) were explored from the perspective of prediction accuracy and loss value by transfer learning method. And modeling effects of SGD, Adam, Adamax and RMsprop optimization algorithms. The final data set adopts balanced sampling and 11 data enhancement methods for data fusion to expand the data set to 16,000 images. The ResNet-50 network structure optimized by Adamax algorithm is selected to achieve the optimal effect. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of ResNet-50 in the constructed model reaches 87.47%. The study provides a basis for constructing a visual recognition model of Papilioidae in Yunnan and applying it to the mobile terminal, and provides a fast and efficient new method for species identification of Papillidae in Yunnan. (Abstract)


The front terminal of a remote fault diagnositic system based on the Internet was introduced.The front terminal consists of a local computer and a intelligent data acquiring card designed on microcomputer AT89C52.The system,with the techniques of modem controlled by AT orders,can acquire and manage data from remote spots in real time via public telephone network.The system is made up of remote faults diagnosis sever,database server and remote client terminal.Remote faults diagnosis center provides shared resource and several intellective diagnostic methods,communicates with clients making use of large-scale shared resource.


This paper looks into the legal and administrative frameworks governing the different aspects of using IT as a medium and a tool in production of health care services. The administrative framework is described from the point of view of the status quo in Finland. The issues are elaborated by a discussion of a number of legal aspects and a short description of normative insights from actors in the health care production collected through a survey.


Hemolysis by typhus rickettsiae was first reported by Clarke and Fox (1948), who found that homogenates of yolk sacs infected with these organisms brought about a slow lysis of sheep and rabbit erythrocytes at 37 C. Snyder et al. (1954) later described a faster spectrophotometric method for measurement of hemolysis by typhus rickettsiae, and showed that the hemolytic activity of different preparations of typhus rickettsiae, both crude and purified, paralleled their toxicity for mice. They also found that hemolysis by typhus rickettsiae required the presence of glutamate and Mg and was prevented by such metabolic inhibitors as cyanide and fluoride. More recent work has shown that hemolysis carried out in the presence of glutamate, as originally described, is inhibited by DNP,2 and that frequently ATP can serve a partial substitute for glutamate. The amount of hemolysis is lowered when glutamate is replaced by ATP, but such hemolysis as does occur is no longer inhibited by cyanide or DNP. It was also noted that rickettsiae subjected to certain procedures that lead to a reversible loss of respiratory activity (as well as to loss of toxicity and infectivity) could no longer hemolyze in the presence of glutamate, but could do so in the presence of ATP. These results suggested that ATP may be involved in some essential capacity in the hemolytic reaction; fully viable rickettsiae being able to form their own ATP in the presence of glutamate, those that had lost the ability to oxidize glutamate needing an


The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a river space restoration framework considering various functions of river basin system. In particular, we will present sustainable river basin management directions by quantifying the effect of improving the aquatic ecosystem through the restoration of river space. For this purpose, the present problems are derived from functional aspects of the river basin, and the river area restoration framework linked with the individual outcome indicators is constructed to evaluate the restoration effect by each function. The ecological impact of restoration of river area was quantitatively analyzed by introducing ecotope concept. As a result of the comparison of restoration effects by creating three kinds of river area restoration scenarios, the construction of suitable habitat such as backswamp in the expanded area has shown favorable results in expanding biodiversity. The diversity evaluation of ecotope in conjunction with the hydraulic and hydrological characteristics of the year will not only provide the expected effects of restoration of river space but will also serve as a criterion about post-project monitoring for outcome evaluation.


When reading a scholarly paper, scientists oftentimes wish to understand how follow-on work has built on or engages with what they are reading. While a paper itself can only discuss prior work, some scientific search engines can provide a list of all subsequent citing papers; unfortunately, they are undifferentiated and disconnected from the contents of the original reference paper. In this work, we introduce a novel paper reading experience that integrates relevant information about follow-on work directly into a paper, allowing readers to learn about newer papers and see how a paper is discussed by its citing papers in the context of the reference paper. We built a tool, called CiteRead, that implements the following three contributions: 1) automated techniques for selecting important citing papers, building on results from a formative study we conducted, 2) an automated process for localizing commentary provided by citing papers to a place in the reference paper, and 3) an interactive experience that allows readers to seamlessly alternate between the reference paper and information from citing papers (e.g., citation sentences), placed in the margins. Based on a user study with 12 scientists, we found that in comparison to having just a list of citing papers and their citation sentences, the use of CiteRead while reading allows for better comprehension and retention of information about follow-on work.


The system can restore the original signals by parallel scrambling before multiplexing the input signal in transmitter and by parallel descarmbling after demultiplexing in receiver. The system includes a parallel series generator (23) generating n parallel signals, an M-bit interleaved parallel scrambler/ descrambler with exclusive OR gate circuit, an M-bit multiplexer/demultiplexer multiplexing/ demultiplexing the received signals in the unit of M-bit and outputting them.


Transformation formulas are derived which greatly simplify computations relative to an antenna above a plane earth when the antenna is of a form easily specifiable in polar coordinates but not in cylindricals.


This paper describes a comprehensive annotation study on Japanese judgment documents in civil cases. We aim to build an annotated corpus designed for Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP), especially for torts. Our annotation scheme contains annotations of whether tort is accepted by judges as well as its corresponding rationales for explainability purpose. Our annotation scheme extracts decisions and rationales at character-level. Moreover, the scheme can capture the explicit causal relation between judge's decisions and their corresponding rationales, allowing multiple decisions in a document. To obtain high-quality annotation, we developed an annotation scheme with legal experts, and confirmed its reliability by agreement studies with Krippendorff's alpha metric. The result of the annotation study suggests the proposed annotation scheme can produce a dataset of Japanese LJP at reasonable reliability.


The reformation era gave big hope toward democracy development, especially participatory democracy in the Village. The village chief has duty and responsibility of the development of his village. The village government also plays a role in building a participatory democracy as in the reform agenda. This paper aims to describe the village government's role in building participatory democracy, and to explain the factors that influence village government role in building participatory democracy. It is juridic-sociologic research. Socio legal research with qualitative-phenomenological approach. The research method are interview, obseravtion, document and material interpretation and also personal experience. Data validity technique uses trianggulation technique (Miles&Hubberman). Data analysis technique is Strauss and J. Corbin, and qualitative-analytical approach, interactive analysis models (Huberman&Miles). Results of this study indicate that the role of government in building participatory democracy is very strategic, but that role has not been fully implemented. Agreement or ruling establishment of Village Budget is dominated by the village elite. The existence of the community leaders who attended more formality. Several factors influence the role of village government in building participatory democracy are structural factors, cultural and technical. Based on results of this study, the suggestion if the importance of increasing the role of village government in building participatoric democracy by: 1) open minded by informing every policy which relates to the villagers' need, 2) setting rules or Village Ragulation which rules Villagers' right to give oral or written opinion, 3) open minded by accepting any kinds of suggestion or critics from villagers, 4) always learning the method and technique in functioning societies' participation.


According to the process of establishing and developing mutual trust,this paper partitioned mutual trust into 3 parts:tentative trust,maintaining trust and continued trust from time latitude. On the assumption that knowledge chain goes through a whole lifecycle,those 3 parts evolved dynamically during different phases they affected by different factors. From the point of view of ″social capital″,by using Game theory,this paper proposed that a ″ process and norm based″ mechanism generates mutual trust among knowledge chain members.


The 2004 Olympic Games will be held in Athens, Greece, a city with many traffic related problems. The main transportation needs during the Olympic Games will be largely based on the use of all modes of public transportation. The fixed route systems such as the Metro, the tram and the suburban rail lines are expected to carry most of the Olympic Games spectators and working personnel. More than twenty new bus lines will be established. Planning for the provision of public transport services during such a special event is an exacting and complicated process that requires the consideration and inclusion of a large number of parameters. Some of the most important parameters required in the planning process include: first, the conceptual planning of the entire transportation network that includes an Olympic ring road network for automobile use and that of the four different modes of public transportation; second, the interoperability of the various parts of this system, with particular care given to the integration of the different transport modes with a goal of achieving, to the degree possible, the seamless travel of fans and workers using a variety of modes; third, the determination of the dedicated travel lanes to be used by the vehicles transporting the Olympic family (athletes, trainers, judges and reporters) and the public transport modes transporting fans and workers; fourth, the planning and design of the routing path, stops and hours of operation of the dedicated bus lines that will operate only for a limited period of time; fifth, the determination of the operational characteristics of the bus and metro service on the dedicated Olympic lines; sixth, the incorporation of the dedicated Olympic lines into the existing feeder network; seventh, the planning, design, and operating characteristics of the park-and-ride stations that operate in the outskirts of the city; eight, the examination of unforeseen situations (emergency management) that need to be considered. The intention of this paper is to outline the network design philosophy and offer some insights that have been gained by the public transportation study team responsible for the provision of these services during the Olympic Games. For the covering abstract see ITRD E126595.


A new algorithm is proposed for direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of coherent sources in the presence of colored noise,which is called spatial smoothing difference method.This algorithm can eliminate the colored noise effect on the array structure by taking the difference between the spatial smoothing matrixes,and by using the propagator method to estimate the DOA of signals.This can reduce the computation load and can estimate more signals.The complexity of realization is also reduced since the incoherent and coherent signals are estimated simultaneously.Computer simulation results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Using neo-institutional, leadership and readiness for change theories, we evaluated organizational capacity factors associated with client wait time and retention in addiction health services in on...


In general, Indian economy highly depends on agricultural productivity. In the agricultural field, the identification and classification of leaf diseases play an important role. In developing countries, physical observation of plant leaf diseases can be prohibitively expensive due to the naked eye observation. The proposed research work has developed a framework to identify and classify different plant leaf diseases using K-means segmentation with a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) based classification. The proposed framework is implemented in four steps, step I performs the RGB to HSI colour transformation. In step-II, image segmentation using K-means clustering is performed. Next, colour, texture and shape features are extracted in step III. Finally, in step-IV, multiclass SVM is used for the extracted feature classification. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach results in an improved detection and classification compared to other existing methods. Efficiency of the proposed algorithm recognizes the accuracy of leaf diseases at about 95.7%.


Wheat production is of paramount importance in the region of Meknes, which is mainly produced under rainfed conditions. It is the dominant cereal, the greater proportion being the soft type. During the past few decades, rainfall flaws have caused a number of cases of droughts. These flaws have seriously affecting wheat production. The main objective of this study is the assessment of rainfall variability at monthly, seasonal and annual scales and to determine their impact on wheat yields. To reduce this impact we suggested some mechanisms of adaptation. We used monthly rainfall records for three decades and wheat yields records of fifteen years. Rainfall variability is assessed utilizing the precipitation concentration index and the variation coefficient. The association between wheat yields and cumulative rainfall amounts of different scales was calculated based on a regression model to evaluate the impact of rainfall on wheat yields. Data analysis shown moderate seasonal and irregular annual rainfall distribution. Yields fluctuated from 210 to 4500 Kg/ha with 52% of coefficient of variation. The correlation results shows that soft wheat and hard wheat are strongly correlated with the period of January to March than with the whole growing-season. While they are adversely correlated with the mid-spring. This investigation concluded that synchronizing appropriate adaptation with the period of January to March was crucial to achieving success yield of wheat.


A simple analysis is presented of reflectance from a stratified uniaxial media with the optic axes parallel or perpendicular to the plane of incidence.


well as showing an organ specificity quite distinct from the purely local action of many of the carcinogenic agents which affect only the skin to which they are applied. Their effect upon the whole endocrine apparatus may be said to be the equivalent of a functional hypophysectomy morphologically associated with an enlargement of the anterior pituitary and a loss of chromophil cells. It is important to note, however, in view of the wide therapeutic use of oestrogenic hormones, that their carcinogenic effect can be produced only by administration over periods much longer and in doses much larger than are ever used therapeutically. There are no grounds for the fear that oestrin given therapeutically may induce cancer, though it has become clear that the oestrogenic hormones are very potent substances, with an action which goes far beyond the organs of reproduction and embraces the whole endocrine apparatus.


Firefly Algorithm (FA, for short) is inspired by the social behavior of fireflies and their phenomenon of bioluminescent communication. Based on the fundamentals of FA, two improved strategies are proposed to conduct size and topology optimization for trusses with discrete design variables. Firstly, development of structural topology optimization method and the basic principle of standard FA are introduced in detail. Then, in order to apply the algorithm to optimization problems with discrete variables, the initial positions of fireflies and the position updating formula are discretized. By embedding the random-weight and enhancing the attractiveness, the performance of this algorithm is improved, and thus an Improved Firefly Algorithm (IFA, for short) is proposed. Furthermore, using size variables which are capable of including topology variables and size and topology optimization for trusses with discrete variables is formulated based on the Ground Structure Approach. The essential techniques of variable elastic modulus technology and geometric construction analysis are applied in the structural analysis process. Subsequently, an optimization method for the size and topological design of trusses based on the IFA is introduced. Finally, two numerical examples are shown to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method by comparing with different deterministic methods.


A high-linearity analog multiplier based on Gilbert cell was presented.The linear input range of the circuit was extended by adding a level shifter to input.An OTA was adopted to supply tail current for Gilbert cell,which effectively improved the linearity of the multiplier.The circuit was simulated with HSPICE based on UMC's 0.6 μm BCD technology.Simulation results showed that the multiplier had a linear input range of ±2 V,a linearity error and a total harmonic distortion(THD) smaller than 1% and 0.3%,respectively.The proposed multiplier is applicable for systems requiring large linear input range,small linearity error and low THD.


Background: The use of Zirconia abutment is increasing in the search of an aesthetic rehabilitation.
 Purpose: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to assess the bending moment and fracture patterns of different types of zirconia abutments with internal hexagonal connection and as well as to compare their respective bending moment to those internally connected titanium abutments.
 Materials and methods: Forty-eight analog abutments were prepared for 6 groups with 8 samples each (AT Group: Alpha Bio Titanium abutment; AZ group: Alpha Bio Zirconia abutment; BT group: Biohorizons Titanium abutment; BZ group: Biohorizons Zirconia abutment; ZT group: Zimmer titanium abutment; ZZ group: Zimmer Zirconia abutment). Samples were subjected to static compressive load applied at 30-degree angle to the axis of the abutment-analog complex in the palatal surface, using a universal testing machine at 1.00 mm/min speed until fracture occurred, or after a decrease of 20% of the load applied if the fracture was not observed. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and t-test were used for statistical analyses (?=.05).
 Results: The mean (SD) bending moments of the titanium abutments were for Alpha Bio 374.4±50.74 Ncm; for Bio Horizons 271.7±31.72 Ncm and for Zimmer 193.6±23.83Ncm. There were significant differences among them (?= .0001, Tukey HDS test). The mean (SD) bending moments of the Zirconia abutments were for Alpha Bio 295.8±77.5Ncm; Bio Horizons 269.9±61.7 Ncm and for Zimmer 115.3±23.37Ncm. Zimmer zirconia abutments showed a significant lower bending moment as compared to Alpha Bio and Biohorizons zirconia abutments (?= .0001,Tukey HSD test).
 The type of fracture of zirconia abutment observed was strongly related to the type of secondary metallic element.


In a study of the introduced population of the Edible dormouse Glis glis 130 nest boxes and 50 'nest tubes' were checked annually once a month from May to November. Between 1996 and 2001 a total of 465 edible dormice were captured, of which 392 have been marked with PIT tags. Reproductive failure was observed in 1996, 1998 and 2001 when no males developed conspicuous testes nor were females found lactating. Reproduction occurred in 1997, 1999 and 2000. Using the minimum number of animals alive method we determined that population density shows high inter-annual variability with between 0.6–4.1 per hectare but is lower than in continental Europe. In contrast average litter size was 6.8, higher than in their native range. Survivorship did not differ between years or between sexes.


Although PMIPv6 was designed to provide network-based mobility, it has a limitation in that MNs (Mobile Nodes) can perform handover only within a local domain. This paper proposes a novel inter-PMIPv6-domain handover scheme that extends the handover capability of PMIPv6 to the inter-domain level. The proposed scheme minimizes the inter-domain handover latency by introducing the overlapping MAG (OMAG) and the boundary MAG (BMAG) in the cell planning stage. It further reduces the handover latency by utilizing a fast IPv6 address generation and verification method called the Pseudocode Generation & Verification Algorithm (PGVA). Finally, since it is an extension of PMIPv6, it retains the benefits of this method, such as the freeing up of the MN during any mobility activities and the removal of the tunneling overheads in the access network. In this approach, two inter-domain handover protocols called No-Gap and Reactive are proposed. To evaluate their performances, comparisons are made with MIPv6, FMIPv6, I. PMIPv6 and EIPMH using mathematical models. The performance results show that the proposed scheme outperforms those existing inter-domain handover methods in terms of the handover latency.


The Raman spectra of oriented single crystals of Copper (II) sulphate and selenate at 290 K and 150 K are reported and compared. Assignments are proposed for numerous internal modes of the crystals. Raman scattering tensors are calculated for the normal modes of (SO4)2− and (SeO4)2− and compared with experimental results. The structure and the part played by ligands (SO4)2− and (SeO4)2− in these crystals are stated precisely. The molecular complexes Cu(H2O)4 and Cu(D2O)4 are characterized by the assignment of their vibrational frequencies.


Postemergence applications of BAS 9052 OH, {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, at 0.25 and 0.5 kg ai/ha were made to 27 temperate and 28 tropical species of Gramineae. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L. ♯3 POAAN) and rattail fescue (Festuca myuros L. ♯ VLPMY) were resistant to these rates of BAS 9052 OH. Five species of fescue and three species of bluegrass received postemergence applications of BAS 9052 OH at rates of 0.1 to 6.4 kg ai/ha. The germination of seeds and the subsequent growth of the seedlings of these species as influenced by various concentrations of BAS 9052 OH were also studied. Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. ♯ FESPR), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ♯ FESAR), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ♯ POAPR), and rough-stalked meadowgrass (Poa trivialis L. ♯ POATR) were most susceptible; annual bluegrass was somewhat less resistant; hard fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill) was resistant; red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ♯ FESRU) and rattail fescue were very resistant.


The 2023 ICOLD Annual Meeting was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, and the main theme was 'Management for Safe Dams'. During the two-day symposium that formed part of the annual meeting, three sessions under the theme of Concrete Dams covered Safety, Durability and Materials, and Numerical Modelling. A total of 18 papers were presented during the symposium, of which a selection is summarised in this briefing note. These papers contributed to the main theme by highlighting the important role that new research and technologies continue to play in ensuring the longevity of ageing concrete and masonry dam portfolios all over the world.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the patient's history and physical examination information to find out risk factors associated with complicated appendicitis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two hundred patients who were admitted with complicated appendicitis (including abscess, phlegmon, and generalized peritonitis) were retrieved from our database. Two hundred patients with non-complicated acute appendicitis were randomly selected from the same period. These two groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, past medical history, and presenting symptoms. We made a multivariate analysis model using binary logistic regression and backward stepwise elimination.

RESULTS
Based on multivariate analysis, risk factors for complicated appendicitis included presenting with epigastric pain (OR=3.44), diarrhea (OR=23.4) or malaise (OR=49.7), history of RLQ pain within the past 6 months (OR=4.93), older age (OR=1.04), being married (OR=2.52), lack of anorexia (OR=4.63) and longer interval between onset of symptoms and admission (OR=1.46). Conversely, higher (academic) education was associated with decreased odds for complicated appendicitis (OR=0.26).

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that a surgeon's clinical assessment is more reliable to make a judgment. "Bedside evaluation" is a useful, cheap, quick and readily available method for identifying those at risk for developing complicated acute appendicitis.


hoped to turn that trust into a U.S. Senate seat when Utah was admitted to the Union but that never materialized. Cannon became increasingly disenchanted and turned to the camp of the critics. An essay on Joseph W. Musser by Martha Sonntag Bradley helps the reader discover the origins of the "new polygamy" in the 1920s and 1930s. Then two essays on Mormon writers, Fawn Mckay Brodie and Maureen Whipple, add another dimension of dissent. Newell Bringhurst shows Brodie's increasing disillusionment and her writing of her famous biography of Joseph Smith as a venue for her dissent. Jessie Embry argues that the reception of Whipple's novel was a disappointment to her, edging her more and more into inactivity. Bringing the collection to the present day are three essays: one about Gerald and Sandra Tanner by Lawrence Foster; one dealing with Sonia Johnson by her defender, Alice Allred Pottmyer; and one by William Russell about the recent fundamentalist schism regarding Richard Price and the Reorganized Church. In a balanced account Russell shows that Price and his followers feel that the Reorganized Church leadership is directing the organization away from traditional Latter Day Saint doctrines and into Protestant ecumenicalism. They have created a major schism in opposition to many ideas, including ordaining women to the priesthood. Foster objectively describes the Tanners' crusade to destroy the Mormon Church by publishing historical documents that challenge the institution. The essay on Sonia Johnson is more partisan than either the Foster or the Russell essays. It details the major media confrontation between Johnson and her supporters for the Equal Rights Amendment and the LDS Church's campaign against the proposed amendment. Dissent has been with the Latter-day Saints from the beginning to the present. Some dissenters offered themselves as alternative leaders. Some pressed for Congregationalism against the devotion to authority. Some split with the main body of Mormons because they did not wish to go west or disliked the later Joseph Smith's economic and political ideas as practiced in Utah. Some broke with the Utah church over polygamy and some disliked the path the Reorganized Church has taken. All demonstrate the freedom that is available in America to dissent.


Microfluidics has been becoming more and more popular over last two decades. The reason for this, is inherent features of microfluidics including low consumption of samples and reagents, high sensitivity, short analysis time, and low cost. As well as, centrifugal microfluidics as a subset of microfluidics has been able to prove itself as a helpful tool in analytic assays. The main application of centrifugal microfluidic devices is being used in point-of-care testing systems. Herein, we presented a microfluidic disc for measuring hemoglobin(Hb) concentration in the EDTA-anticoagulated venous blood using cyanmethemoglobin method. In this experiment, at first a hand-made standard solution was made and using it, a linear standard curve was plotted. In order to detect of Hb concentration, we designed two inlets, one mixing chamber, and a detection chamber. In our design, the blood and Drabkin's solution due to the displacement between primary and secondary mixing chambers were mixed well and all erythrocytes were lysed completely. As well as, we designed the detection chamber in a way that, it is filled with fluid using inertial force without any bubble trapping. Then, the absorbance of samples was read out with a high-resolution spectrometer. Finally, in order to prove the assay procedure, the hemoglobin concentration of 11 blood samples was quantified. The results were compared with hematology analyzer data. The quantified values had good linearity and also good conformity with hematology analyzer data. In this experiment, the maximum standard deviation and the required time were ± 0.51 and 68 seconds, respectively.


Identification and verification of a person today is a common thing; which may include door-lock system, safe box and vehicle control or even at accessing bank accounts via ATM, etc which is necessary for securing personal information. The conventional methods like ID card verification or signature does not provide perfection and reliability. The systems employed at these places must be fast enough and robust too. Use of the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) which provides customers with the convenient banknote trading is facing a new challenge to carry on the valid identity to the customer. Since, in conventional identification methods with ATM, criminal cases are increasing making financial losses to customers. Authors design a simple fingerprint recognition system using LPC2148 as a core controller. The system uses FIM3030 fingerprint scanner to capture fingerprints with its DSP processor and optical sensor. This system can be employed at any application with enhanced security because of the uniqueness of fingerprints. It is convenient due to its low power requirement and portability.


The challenge of agricultural sector in Indonesia nowadays is about land ownership which affected farmer's welfare. Farmers in aggregates are decreasing year by year, followed by decreasing farm land because of the land reform. Another story of farmer's income affected the land ownership of the farmers. Most of them choose to sell their own land to the land lords because of the lower income. And the lack of regeneration because farmers children choose to have a job outside agriculture sector. This paper is research about the real condition of Farmers in Indonesia between three factor of land ownerships, land reform, and lack of regeneration. Our investigation to secondary data show our hypothetical judgment: there is declining amount of farmers in Indonesia in community level. Meanwhile, that phenomenon support by evidence that there is declining farmland in community level. This study can be considering for policy implication in agriculture reform in Indonesia. Keyword    :     land     ownership,    land     reform,     lack     of     farmer    regeneration, farmer's welfare


This work shows the existence of mild solutions to neutral functional differential equations of second-order with infinite delay. The Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and fixed point theorem are used, without assuming compactness on the associated family of operators.


The article studies the features of professional self-actualization of civil servants through the determinants of information security. The essence and content of professional selfactualization are determined. The main theoretical approaches of scholars to the definition of professional self-realization of a specialist are described. Thus, professional selfactualization is a socialized direction of comprehensive development of the specialist's personality, which combines professional and spiritual experience in the process of obtaining professional qualifications and self-improvement in the process of performing professional tasks and functions, which is a necessary feature for disclosure and realization of personal and professional potential. The study of the features of professional self-actualization of civil servants through the determinants of information security included the following interrelated stages: analysis and synthesis, method of critical analysis of scientific sources, research and information materials, abstraction and concretization, analogies and modelling, information approach, generalization of results, testing for determination of the importance of self-actualization in professional activity, testing with the use of the CAT questionnaire which helped to supplement the quantitative indicators for determining the self-actualization of an individual. A socio-psychological DIANA ASUNCIÓN BRAVO VÉLEZ, LORENA MARIANA COBACANGO VILLAVICENCIO, LEONARDO MANUEL CUÉTARA SÁNCHEZ, MARGARITA GARCÍA RABELO: "PERSPECTIVA DEL VALOR COMPARTIDO EN LA CADENA GLOBAL DE VALOR DEL CAFÉ EN MANABÍ." Revista San Gregorio, 2020, No.42. SPECIAL EDITION (41-52) ISSN 1390-7247, e.ISSN 2528-7907 42 study was conducted during 2019-2020. It involved 150 civil servants of public authorities, local self-governments, state enterprises, institutions and organizations of Kyiv district and the city of Kyiv. The level of influence of information security determinants on selfactualization of civil servants is investigated. Thus, the professional activity of public servants in modern Ukraine is complicated by the fact that it is realized in an extremely aggressive information space. The main sources of this aggression are both Ukrainian and foreign, which are aimed at destabilizing the system of government, gaining political advantage and power, maintaining a general atmosphere of social anxiety. Therefore, professional self-actualization of civil servants should be aimed at developing their communication skills and professional competence.


Temperature dependence of magnon sideband with respect to the intensity, shift and broadening is studied theoretically in the entire temperature range by using the moment expansion method. The assumption of the Neel state for the ground state of the antiferromagnets is reasonable for intensity and shift but is incapable of explaining the magnitude of the width. Numerical calculations are carried out for 6 A 1 g → 4 A 1 g , 4 E g transition of RbMnF 3 by means of the random phase decoupling approximation for spin correlation functions and the results are presented. The results agree with those of the spin wave theory at low temperatures. At the high temperature limit, both the intensity and shift also agree with those given by the pair spectra theory. The effect of exciton transfer is also considered. The numerical result of the shift is compared with experiments.


Introduction: Medical education being a stressful course; high levels of anxiety and depression have been studied and documented among medical students all over the globe. Anxiety, being the precursor of depression, needs special attention and screening in Indian medical students. Objectives: To study the level of anxiety in medical students of different academic years. Methodology: A self-reporting questionnaire using 'Google forms' format was shared by WhatsApp and emails to undergraduate medical students of college. The questionnaire contained demographic details and Hamilton-A scale to assess the anxiety having maximum score of 56. Written consent was part of questionnaire and only consented forms were accepted. The responses were collected anonymously and analyzed using MS excel 2007 and EpiInfo 7.2 Results: Total 623 students participated in the study, of which 54.4% were male. 73%, students had minimal to mild anxiety, whereas 15% and 13% had mild to moderate and moderate to severe anxiety respectively. Severe anxiety in male students was higher (16.07%) as compared to female students (8.71). Final year medical students (24.11%) and Day Scholars (19.57%) showed highest severe anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety is prevalent in medical students. Female and final year students reported higher levels on the anxiety score.


Abstract:Paulinus of Nola's Natalicia represent a poetic cycle unparalleled in Latin literature: thirteen complete poems (and a fourteenth fragmentary one) composed every year for the annual festival of Saint Felix of Nola. This article considers the poems as a group, analyzing the sources of Paulinus's poetic invention and identifying significant features that run through the corpus. In particular, the concept of varietas serves as an aesthetic principle at various levels of integration and in various situations, while Paulinus's role as impresario of the cult of Saint Felix and master of ceremonies at the saint's festival finds expression in the metatextual directions he introduces into the text, the guided tour he gives to the shrine through the person of Nicetas of Remesiana in poem 27, and the mental peregrination he invites his reader/listener to take. Ultimately in Late Antiquity verse hagiography was to take a different course, but Paulinus's achievement remains substantial, and his poems illuminate an important stage in the history of the cult of the saints.


The loan of artworks is similar to the lending of artworks. It includes the transfer of possession of artistic goods between institutions or museums for a certain period of time. In this Master thesis, we approach the topic of lending of artworks along two chapters, plus an introduction and conclusion. Following our introduction, we seek to provide a definition of artworks. For that, we refer to the artworks as legal goods. What we attempt to demonstrate is that artworks are indeed objects of significant cultural value, that are willing to partake international commercial transactions. In addition, we seek to analyze the existing definition of cultural goods, in the frame of the existing international conventions and european regulations for protection of cultural heritage. Throughout chapter 3 of our work, we seek to describe what a temporary loan of artworks consists of. Our aim is to characterize the loan from a legal standpoint. For a lending of artworks to occur, the parties involved in the transaction often sign a loan agreement. We thus focus our analysis on some of the conditions that can be considered mandatory when signing a loan agreement. As we will mention, the conditions agreed by the parties mostly abide with the usages and practices established by the professionals in the art sector. However, there are certain litigation cases that require the application of judicial remedies by arbitral tribunals or State courts.


A list of suppliers of demonstration and laboratory equipment is provided for use in teaching vibration and sound in secondary‐school and college courses. Several helpful references are also included.


Understanding epigenetic changes across various conditions is a fundamental problem to epigenome annotation. With more high-throughput epigenomic data available, computational methods have been developed to quantify various types of epigenetic modification signals, to compare epigenetic marks between different conditions and to understand the functional consequences of epigenetic changes. However, currently few studies on epigenomes aim to provide a global view of epigenetic changes through large-scale high-throughput data integration. We apply a probabilistic graphical model called differential latent Dirichlet allocation (DLDA) to discover latent epigenetic modification modules (EMMs) from 56 reference epigenomes. We demonstrate the identified EMMs can characterize the global semantic structure of the reference epigenomes. The resulted EMMs show their condition-relevance to the corresponding reference epigenomes. The genes involved in these EMMs show epigenome-relevant functionality. Study of the involved epigenetic modification marks involved in these EMMs reveals the relative activity levels of epigenetic marks in different epigenomes. Clustering gene-epigenetic modification pairs leads to the discovery of more functional epigenetic modification groups.


An elastic supporting surface for beds, divans, arm-chairs and the like, and a method of producing such surface, comprising preparing a particular chemical composition suitable to form rubber-like elastic elements, connecting these elements in perpendicular rows by hooks, and connecting the elements at the ends of the rows under tension to a peripheral frame so as to form a plane elastic surface.


This paper shows that a country's wealth can be an important determinant of comparative advantage when access to credit differs across sectors of the economy. Wealthier nations exhibit a comparative advantage toward goods produced in sectors facing more severe financial imperfections. These sectors are typically populated by small firms. Empirically this paper documents that these sectors are also labor intensive. Consequently, this theory partially offsets traditional sources of comparative advantage and offers an explanation for Trefler's missing trade mystery and the Leontief paradox. Furthermore, the theory makes the relation between trade and income distribution endogenous.