Introduction and Aim Liver surgery has had an exponential development making possible the use of partial liver grafts for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Nonetheless, LDLT indication still depends on the graft size used for the recipient, due to the development of "small for size syndrome" (SFSS) which can be better understood through the study of hepatocellular regeneration. The aim of this study is to analyze the liver regeneration rate (LRR, grams/day) of a healthy human liver after a major liver resection such as donation of the right hepatic lobe (RHL). We have also evaluated the LRR in the recipients of this RHL and the different factors that can affect it. Materials and Methods In between January 2005 to December 2015 fifty LDLT were performed in our institution, 46 donors with their respective recipients were included being the ones de RHL was used (92%). A MRI was performed during follow up at the first, third and twelve months to all donors and recipients. With this MRI, the LRR was calculated within 3 periods of time (1 month, 1-3m and 12m after donation). Results and Discusion The median age of the donors and recipients was 35 (r=20-46) and 57 years old (r=49-66) respectively. Fifty two percent of the donors and 84.8% of the recipients were male. Intraoperative baseline biopsy of the donor was normal in almost all cases except 7 (15%) in which we found mild steatosis (<10%). Liver transplant indication was due to end stage liver disease in 20 patients (9 alcohol related, 28 with HCV infection and 9 of other causes) and the other 26 recipients the indication was due to HCC. The liver remnant volume in the donors was approximately 36.5% (r=30.5-45.2) of the total liver volume (1588g, r=1065-2079). The body to graft weigh ratio in the recipient had a median of 1.2 (r= 0.7-2.0). The median of the LRR in donors was of 14.5 g/d the first month, 0.47 g/d between 1-3m and of 0.49 g/d between 3-12m. The liver volume at the end of follow up (1 year) was 1196 g (r=864-2229). In the recipients, the LRR for the same periods of time was 13.42 g/d, 2.74 g/d and-0.26 g/d respectively and the graft volume at the end was 1503 g (r=931-2042). Interestingly the LRR in patients with HCV infection was diminished with statistical difference in the first month and in the 3-12m period after transplantation (22,19 vs 13,4 y 1,23 vs 0,14, p=0.044 y p=0.035 respectively). Conclusions We have confirmed how liver regeneration is an acute process that mainly develops in the first month after liver resection in a healthy liver when leaving and adequate liver remnant. This LR is similar in the context of LDLT when the graft has a correct volume, even though this regeneration can be affected by HCV re-infection.


The dynamic spectrum allocation solutions such as cognitive radio networks have been proposed as a key technology to exploit the frequency segments that are spectrally underutilized. Cognitive radio users work as secondary users who need to constantly and rapidly sense the presence of primary users or licensees to utilize their frequency bands if they are inactive. Short sensing cycles should be run by the secondary users to achieve higher throughput rates as well as to provide low level of interference to the primary users by immediately vacating their channels once they have been detected. In this paper, the throughput-sensing time relationship in local and cooperative spectrum sensing has been investigated under two distinct scenarios, namely, constant primary user protection (CPUP) and constant secondary user spectrum usability (CSUSU) scenarios. The simulation results show that the design of sensing slot duration is very critical and depends on the number of cooperating users under CPUP scenario whereas under CSUSU, cooperating more users has no effect if the sensing time used exceeds 5% of the total frame duration.


Activation of tissue-specific genes is a tightly controlled process that nOflally involves the combined action of several transcription factors and transcriptional coregulators. The bone-specific osteoca1cin gene (OC) has been used as a prototype to study both tissue-specific and hormonal responsiveness. In this study we have examined the role of Runx2 , VDR and C/EBP factors in the regulation of OC gene transcription. Contributions of the Runx and VDRE motifs to OC promoter activity were addressed by introducing point mutations within the context of the rat (1 kb) osteoca1cin promoter fused to a CAT-reporter gene. The functional significance of these mutations was assayed following transient transfection and after genomic integration in ROS 17/2. osteoblastic cell lines. Furthermore , we tested the effect of these mutations on the chromatin organization of the OC promoter. Our data show that all three Runx sites are required for maximal activation of the OC promoter and that the distal sites contribute significantly to the basal activity. Strikingly, mutation of the three Runx sites abrogates responsiveness ofthe OC promoter to vitamin D; this loss is also observed when only the Runx sites flanking the VDRE are mutated. Chromatin changes that result in the appearance of DNase I hypersensitive sites during activation ofthe OC gene are well documented. Mutation of the three Runx sites results in altered chromatin structure as reflected by absence of DNase I hypersensitive sites at the vitamin D response element and over the proximal , tissue-specific basal promoter. These data are consistent with the critical role of Runx2 in osteoblast maturation and bone development. Mutation ofthe VDRE resulted in a complete loss of vitamin D responsiveness; however, this mut t promoter exhibited increased basal activity. The two DNase I


The invention provides a refrigerated compartment for a keg of beer, a compartment for housing a refrigeration system operatively connected with the refrigeration compartment, an air compressor system including a surge tank, and a tank of carbon dioxide, each cooperatively connected to the keg of beer for charging the same under pressure. The entire assembly is unitized into a movable carrier and is further provided with a manually-operated discharge faucet for serving beer from the keg.


Intelligent systems capabilities are increasing and its application to robotics has become largely popular. Some literature has been produced about autonomous controllers for robotics, demonstrating that they can face a variety of domains. However, we can observe that the experiments performed lack of a common scientific methodology. Generally, isolated case studies are presented, without providing enough details to enable other researchers to replicate or to compare their works with the previous results in the field. The aim of this work is to contribute defining and operationalizing a framework for plan-based controllers assessment. Such effort is supported on a set of generally applicable metrics to entail evaluation of different aspects of robotics controllers. Besides these metrics, we have used OGATE, a domain independent tool that automatically carries on with controller assessments. Then, following a well-defined methodology, we are able to generate reproducible benchmarks, providing objective evidences of the experiments performed. To test our framework, we have used two plan-based controllers on the same robotic problem and platform. Results show that we are able to extract relevant data, allowing comparison of different autonomous controllers.


Objective To conduct qualitative identification of chemical components of Microcos Paniculata.Methods Tube method was used to study water,95% ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of Microcos Paniculata.Through sedimentation or color reaction of various indicators and color agents,the chemical components of Microcos Paniculata were deduced primarily.Results Through chemical pre-trail,it was suggested that Microcos Paniculata may contain flavonoid,alkaloids,triterpenoids,steroids,organic acids,amino acid,anthraquinone,cardiac glycoside,etc.Conclusion Microcos paniculata contains various kinds of plant active components,which deserves a further investigation.


The inputs to a health system directly relate to the outputs of the system. The methadone programme in Australia relies heavily on input factors such as finances, policies, people and physical structures to positively impact on its output with regard to the health of the opioid-dependent population. Policy-makers need to review these outputs and make effective changes to address the objectives of the health system.


A simple, new and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the drug Moxifloxacin HCl (MOX), in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation; and Fe(III) ions. The method was based on the formation of a colored complex between the drug and Fe(III) ions. The maximum absorption wavelength was 450 nm for determination of both MOX and Fe(III) ions. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 14.45 – 394.2  µg mL -1 ( r 2 = 0.998) for determination of MOX and 2.8 – 22.4 µg mL -1 ( r 2 = 0.97) for determination of Fe(III) ions. The conditions for complex formation were studied and optimized to obtain the highest absorbance available. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of commercial tablets (Maxim), and the recovery study reveals that there is no interference from the common excipients that are present in tablets. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with that obtained by a standard reference one. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student's t-test and F-test at 95% confidence level. The results proved that there no any significant difference, regarding accuracy and precision, between the two compared methods.


Number 3 2006 • EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY Teaching an online course can be exciting, yet time-consuming to the point of infringing on an instructor's other responsibilities and personal time. Faculty typically put many hours into designing and administering an online course, especially the first semester it is offered. I've heard many horror stories about the massive time faculty spent designing a new class only to practically start over when they discovered the need for a few changes in the content or format. Fortunately, there are ways to cut back on the time put into developing and teaching online courses. After teaching both an online and a hybrid course, I have discovered several ways to deliver high-quality content while reducing the typical workload requirements. My first online teaching experience was with a hybrid class at California State University, Chico (CSUC), a social science course called Introduction to the Information Highway that I taught in 1999. The class met once a week, and the students used my Web site to complete some of the required work. I have also taught an entirely online Internet Healthcare Research class through the College of Marin Extension for the past five years. This class allows students to start at any time and work through the four modules at their own pace. The course also has performance objectives, case studies, and a reference section. Students who complete the course receive relicensure credit from the California Board of Registered Nurses. Reducing the Online Instructor's Workload


The appropriate deployment of web service operations at the service provider site plays a critical role in the efficient provision of services to clients. In this paper, the authors assume that a service provider has several servers over which web service operations can be deployed. Given a workflow of web services and the topology of the servers, the most efficient mapping of operations to servers must then be discovered. Efficiency is measured in terms of two cost functions that concern the execution time of the workflow and the fairness of the load distribution among the servers. The authors study different topologies for the workflow structure and the server connectivity and propose a suite of greedy algorithms for each combination.


The Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA) funds innovative, creative, and high-risk research to advance the state-of-the-art in information technologies. One program aims to develop methods for supporting intelligence analysts in discovering "novel intelligence from massive data" (NIMD). An important feature of this program is the role it gave to cognitive factors. The call-for-proposals said, "Thus, NIMD is about human interaction with information in a way that permits intelligence analysts to spot the telltale signs of strategic surprise in massive data sources — building tools that capitalize on human strengths and compensate for human weaknesses to enhance and extend analytic capabilities." This symposium brings together representatives of five of the NIMD teams. While the approaches and projects are diverse, all are focused at improving analysts' ability to extract hidden patterns from massive sources of data.


This study deals with the resuspension processes in the inner shelf of the Ebro delta using field measurements of hydrodynamics and suspended sediment distribution in the water column. Two instrumented tripods were simultaneously deployed at 8.5 and 12.5 m of water depth across a profile perpendicular to the shoreline. The record analysed corresponds to a period of increasing wave activity, from fair-weather conditions (no sediment movement) to storm conditions. Critical wave conditions for sediment entrainment in both field sites were determined. The comparison of measurements indicates that the temporal variability of the measured parameters displays a similar behaviour between both field sites, although the intensity of processes is higher in the shallower site. Resuspension processes in tideless shelves affected by short-period waves are restricted to wave-storm conditions and, in addition, only the shallow area of the shelf can be affected


The electrocatalytic activities of the MnO2/C composites are examined in Li-O2 cells as the cathode catalysts. Hierarchically mesoporous carbon-supported manganese oxide (MnO2/C) composites are prepared using a combination of soft template and hydrothermal methods. The composites are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, galvanostatic charge-discharge methods, and rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) measurements. The electrochemical tests indicate that the MnO2/C composites have excellent catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) due to the larger surface area of ordered mesoporous carbon and higher catalytic activity of MnO2. The O2 solubility, diffusion rates of O2 and O2•− coefficients (DO2 and DO2•−), the rate constant (kf) for producing O2•−, and the propylene carbonate (PC)-electrolyte decomposition rate constant (k) of the MnO2/C material were measured by RRDE experiments in the 0.1 M TBAPF6/PC electrolyte. The values of kf and k for MnO2/C are 4.29 × 10−2 cm·s−1 and 2.6 s−1, respectively. The results indicate that the MnO2/C cathode catalyst has higher electrocatalytic activity for the first step of ORR to produce O2•− and achieves a faster PC-electrolyte decomposition rate.


The blog reflects the Collaborative Docs practice-based AHRC Research Fellowship in Creative & Performing Arts. The research looks at the intersection between documentary and the Social, Semantic and Open Web. It investigates through action research the role of the producer as context provider, catalyst, curator in documentary projects. It considers the social, political and creative potential of participatory and collaborative forms. It draws on documentary, cultural and 'new' media studies.

The blog is also a repository for a growing collection of interviews with key practitioners in the file.

The term 'Collab' is drawn from You Tube and refers to the joint productions that people started creating on that platform in 2007. (See blog interview with Collab pioneer 'Mad V'.)


The signature and the ratification of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) were some of the most difficult foreign policy decisions the Italian government had to face after the crucial choices of the early postwar years. This chapter is an attempt to provide a plausible explanation for the intensity of the debate that the Treaty stimulated, and more specifically for the actions that the Italian government took during the long delay between the Italian signing (1969) and the ratification (1975) of the Treaty. In order to do so, it briefly describes in an introductory paragraph the Italian approach to the growing importance of nuclear weapons in international relations since the mid-1950s, as well as the remarkably hostile reaction to the NPT. It then focuses on all the parallel efforts to bolster Italy's status in such fields as uranium enrichment and nuclear naval propulsion. A final section looks at the diplomatic maneuvers and at the vitriolic dispute about ratification that took place in 1974-1975.


Normally- OFF hydrogen-terminated diamond (C-H diamond) field effect transistor (FET) is desirable for safe and energy-saving power switching applications. Whereas, the OFF-state current driven by the power-supply voltage at zero gate bias is relatively high to date, which would generate large static power consumption. In this work, the partial Al/oxygen-terminated diamond (C-O diamond) Schottky gate was utilized to realize normally- OFF operation with a noise-level OFF-state current density (~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mA/mm). The partial oxygen-terminated diamond was realized by ultraviolent ozone process with Al2O3-nanoparticle mask. Compared with Al/C-H diamond, the Al/C-O diamond junction possesses a higher Schottky barrier height (SBH) against hole flow, such that the OFF-state current of diamond FETs can be well-suppressed. Also, the enhanced SBH contributes to the negatively shifted threshold voltage, which may avoid device failure from gate overdrive. Moreover, a competitive current density of −91 mA/mm was achieved. Besides, the threshold voltage, ON/OFF ratio, and subthreshold swing were −1.3 V, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${9} \times {10} ^{{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and 110 mV/dec, respectively. This approach will promote the application of diamond FETs in power switching system significantly.


.................................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Literature Review................................................................................................................. 15 1.2.1 Water Diffusion in Thermosetting Resin ...................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Micro-cracking in GRP pipes ....................................................................................... 19 1.3 Thesis Objective................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 2: Description of the material ........................................................................................... 28 2.1 Pipe Design .......................................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Liner Layer (Barrier + Veil) ................................................................................................ 29 2.3 Inner and Outer Skin ............................................................................................................ 30 2.3 Core Layer ........................................................................................................................... 32 2.5 X-ray Tomography Illustrations .......................................................................................... 32 Chapter 3: Experimental Methodology (Part I) ............................................................................. 35 3.1 Initial Pipe Testing & Specimen Design .............................................................................. 35 3.2 Detailed description of Samples .......................................................................................... 36 3.3 Liner Surface Observation Techniques ................................................................................ 38 3.3.1 Microscopy ................................................................................................................... 38 3.3.3 Surface Profilometry ..................................................................................................... 39 3.3.2 SEM imaging ................................................................................................................ 40 Chapter 4: Results (Part I) .............................................................................................................. 41 4.1 Microscopic Images ............................................................................................................. 41 4.2 Mechanical Profilometry ..................................................................................................... 43 4.3 SEM Imaging ....................................................................................................................... 48


This article, the last of a trilogy, presents general reflections about technological advances, especially considering cyberspace as a way of information transmission and exchange, and on telework forms. Based on research for an administration masters' thesis, the derivation process that resulted in the last final analysis category illustrates the feelings of the interviewed journalists about telework effects on their professional and personal lives.


Vulvo vaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common clinical problem facing adolescent females throughout the world and affecting their future health. It is estimated that 75% of females will experience at least one episode in their lifetime and 50% will experience multiple episodes, particularly in hot, subtropical climates. VVC is a leading cause of morbidity and has devastating consequences for females of reproductive age. Exploring knowledge of adolescents about VVC is of significant importance, especially in Arabic countries where addressing issues related to genital tract is jeopardized by social, religious and cultural sensitivities. The study aims to assess the knowledge of female university students about VVC. The study question of this work is: what is the knowledge level of female university students regarding VVC? A descriptive research design was utilized to achieve the aim of current study. The current study was conducted at Cairo University hostel for female students. A simple random sample of 100 female university students was recruited for this study. Two structured tools were developed by the researcher and used to collect data: an interviewing questionnaire and a VVC knowledge assessment interviewing questionnaire. Findings of the current study revealed that mean age of the studied sample was 20.18±1.19 years, and approximately three quarters of them fell in the age group 20-23 years. Regarding the menstrual history of the studied sample, age range at menarche was 11-14 years with a mean of 12.30±1.88 years. Concerning the duration of menstruation, it ranged between 2-6 days with a mean of 4.23±1.25. Mean total score of VVC knowledge of female university student was found to be 18.87±7.83 out of 85, which indicated a low knowledge level. Female university students had poor knowledge of VVC and awareness classes or programs may be needed.


In this experiment, older and younger novice mobile phone users were examined when using handsets of different complexity. The independent variables were user age (young: 20 – 35 years; old: 50 – 64 years) and cognitive complexity of two mobile phones (Nokia 3210; Siemens C35i). The cognitive complexity of the phones was defined by the number of production rules applied when processing the four experimental tasks. Dependent variables were effectiveness and efficiency as taken from user protocols and the reported ease of use. The less complex phone (Nokia) performed significantly better than the complex one (Siemens). However, the benefit from the lower complexity was much larger than theoretically predicted. Thus, defining cognitive complexity of technical devices by the number of production rules does not account for the real difficulties which users experience. Older users had a lower navigation performance than younger users, however their performance matched younger users' when using mobiles with low complexity.


319 Background: To complement the clinical findings, utilities were analyzed based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from VISION trial (Cohort A; data cut: July 1, 2020), a Phase II trial showed durable clinical activity of tepotinib in advanced NSCLC METex14+. Methods: The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaires were completed at Day 1, every 6 weeks for 9 months, then every 12 weeks, for up to 30 days after the last tepotinib dose. The Quality of Life Utility Measure-Core 10 dimensions (QLE-C10D) and EQ-5D-5L utilities were derived using the utility algorithm from published literature and the US crosswalk, respectively. Utilities are preference-based, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) metrics expressed on a scale including 0 (dead) and 1 (full health). Linear mixed regression models were used to analyze utilities at baseline, pre-progression, and post-progression, and to understand the relationship between EQ-5D and QLE-C10D. Utilities were assessed by both independent review committee (IRC) and investigators. Results: Utilities were estimated for 150 of 152 pts, with 983 observations for EORTC and 907 for EQ-5D. Mean EORTC utilities increased after tepotinib initiation, from 0.691 at baseline to 0.722 in the IRC-assessed progression-free period, and decreased after progression (0.671). Consistent trends were identified when progression was based on investigator's assessment. Analyses of EQ-5D utilities yielded similar findings and utilities. The two questionnaires were generally highly correlated (Table). Prior treatment (yes/no; p=0.554), adenocarcinoma (p=0.881), or squamous histology (p=0.841) were not statistically significant predictors of EQ-5D utility, while progression status significantly predicted utility in all progression-based models (p≤0.002). Conclusions: VISION is the first trial of a MET inhibitor to provide data on PROs and utilities in NSCLC harboring METex14 skipping mutation. EORTC and EQ-5D (minimally important difference: 0.08) utilities show an increase in HRQoL from baseline during tepotinib treatment until progression. Utility with tepotinib did not vary by prior treatment status or histology. Clinical trial information: NCT02864992. [Table: see text]


Singapore is known as one of the four tigers of the Pacific Rim. Although Singapore is a tiny island country with no natural resources, the government of Singapore has aggressively pursued national policies and initiatives which have enabled it to enter the world industrial mainstream. In this article, Gable and Raman describe one such government inltlative designed to help small businesses computerize. In simple terms, the Singapore government set up the Small Enterprise Computerization Program (SECP) under the National Computer Board with ,a charter to provide small businesses with funds and appropriate technical support to determine their computer requirements and to design their computer infrastructure. This article describes the history of the Program, how it evolved over time, and what was learned along the way. The authors conclude that strong government commitment, and the availability of financial resources, appropriate technology, and technical expertise, were essential to the successful implementation of the Program. One of the most gratifying aspects of the Program Is the significant impact that resulted from its relatively simple, low-cost approach. Although the approach and the Program would most likely be modified to meet local conditions, the concept is easily transportable to other countries seeking to upgrade the informatlon system capabilities of their small business community.


CALIFORNIA-EU REGULATORY COOPERATION PROJECT Identification of Lessons Learned and Suggestions for the Development of Regulatory Cooperation between California and the European Union Ian Clark Visiting Scholar from the European Commission Institute of Governmental Studies UC Berkeley Introduction How to increase regulatory cooperation between California and the European Union – This has been the subject of a research project launched at UC Berkeley in 2006/07. Both the EU at the global level and California at the national level have emerged as regulatory policy leaders in particular in the field of environment policy. Firms and policy-makers in both jurisdictions are increasingly aware of, are affecting and are being influenced by developments in the other political jurisdiction. Historically, California has been a regulatory first-mover at both the national and international levels. More recently, the EU has become a global regulatory leader in environment policy while California has become a vehicle for the dissemination of European regulatory policies within the US – now at the state level and possibly in the future at the federal level as well. A central objective of this project is to promote opportunities for to expand regulatory cooperation, learning, and emulation between California and the EU as well as to foster mechanisms by which their approaches to regulatory policy innovation can be more broadly disseminated. The project has created a California-EU task force to explore the relationship between the regulatory policies of California and the European Union. To this end it is drawing upon the expertise of faculty from American and European universities, including the University of California and the KUL (Catholic University of Leuven) as well as business


Long term storage tests of ramjet ignition device were carried out at Wanning exposure site of tropic marine climate to study the influence of environment to the performance for the finalization of production process.The tests included two methods in three conditions,with the methods of non package exposure and seal package storage,and in the conditions of out door,under shelter,and warehouse exposure.The results showed that temperature change has no influence to electric performance of the ramjet ignition device under seal package storage;the storage performance of glass fiber reinforced plastic coating is good;the environmental worthiness of the ramjet ignition device is good.


MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 *Dropout Prevention; tmEriglish Curriculum; Instructional Materials; *Language Skills; *Noncollege Preparatory Students; Reading Development; Reading Materials; Relevance (Education); *Secondary Grade Student Attitudes: Student Interests; SucCess Fac s; Vocabulary Development In an effort to reduce the number of dropouts in a Florence, South Carolina sChool system, an experimental English curriculum focusing on reading skills and attitudes toward school was created. The'.-participating students were uninterested In education beyond high school and accustomed to low achievement in school work. Learning activities in the program were selected to capture'student interest and to generate experienceS of success. For students with problems in basic skills, for_example, activities for building oral language,-reading, writing, and listening skills included mock job interviews, ,taping of conversations, newspaper reading, vocabulary study from standard forms, advertisements and signs,. paperback -reading, journalwriting, free-response writing, and discussions of current popular issue46 Methods of grading and evaluation werle revised. Results of reading skill tests showed that the program was successful. in improving reading skills,.and principals from the high schools.attributed a loweF dropout rate to the success of the program. (AL) Developiflga Language Arts P :gram For The Nonacademic Adolescent


Professional engineering firms are exposed to unpredictable business cycles owing to fluctuations in the macroeconomic environment. The National Bureau of Economic Research NBER has monitored U.S. business cycles since 1929 by mapping changes in national economic activity using a complex set of macroeconomic variables. It has been observed that after every long expansion, there is an economic recession, usually lasting 11 to 12 months on average. Thus, every professional engineering practice firm operating in our market economy can expect recessionary conditions sometime during its existence. The Business Cycle Dating Committee of the NBER confirmed that the United States has indeed been in a recession since December 2007. There are clear indications that it will last much longer than the typical recessions of the past half century owing to structural shifts in the economy resulting from the increasing globalization of economic activities. As a consequence, professional engineering firms are likely to see adverse movement in output, employment, and company profits and, eventually, depressed stock prices for the listed companies. As most engineering firms are small businesses, even minor changes in their market niche and economic environment tend to have farreaching impact. A firm cannot meet the challenges of recession using yesterday's strategy if it expects to be in business tomorrow, and its very survival may depend on the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment. Therefore, engineering practitioners and firm managers need to develop specific tailored strategies to succeed in the marketplace during the recessionary phase of the economic cycle. An economic recession is broadly defined as an overall slowing down of economic activity measured by peak-to-trough declines. One common and often-cited definition characterizes recession as "two consecutive quarters of declining gross national output." An economic recession affects various stakeholders of a firm, including employees, managers, partners, customers, suppliers, company shareholders, and the community at large. However, a recessionary economy is similar in one way to a booming one: business still needs to create value for its customers and shareholders. The businesses that use economic recession as an opportunity to focus on strategic leadership and to establish competitive advantage usually create higher shareholder value. Building lasting value is both the greatest challenge and opportunity, requiring the leadership to focus on long-term plans, stick to core competency, become cost competitive and more rel-


DTU Orbit (16/12/2018)  Environmental assessment of biowaste management in the Danish-German border region The treatment of organic waste from households has gained significant interest in recent years. Each country in the EU and the rest of the world treat their organic waste in many different ways, and Denmark and Germany are no exemption in this regard. The treatment of household organic waste in these two countries has taken a very different turn in the last century. Denmark has been incinerating organic household waste as part of a residual waste policy for more than a century, but it has only attempted biological treatment to a limited extent. Germany, on the other hand, has focused intensely on source separation followed by biological treatment and a mixture of incineration and mechanical and biological treatment for any organic matter remaining in residual waste. In recent years, Denmark has increased its focus on moving away from incineration and increasing material recycling, both on its own initiative and also incentivised by the EU's 50% recycling target for 2020. This focus includes recycling organic waste from households as well as dry recyclable waste fractions. This PhD project was carried out as a cross-border partnership with five waste management companies, three located in Denmark and two in Germany, all with the wish to increase the source separation and treatment of organic household waste. The current practice in the Danish border region does not include source separation, and all organic household waste is incinerated as part of the residual waste. The German region already has a well-established source separation system, but it wants to increase its efficiency. The main aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to compare current organic waste management systems across the Danish-German border with future scenarios intended for the treatment of organic waste using LCA. The outcome of the project was a recommendation to waste management companies through life cycle assessment and experimental work at a biological treatment plant. A major part of the PhD study was collecting data on all aspects of the waste management chain. Waste generation through to collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal were analysed. The most detailed analysis took place at a combined biogas and composting plant, where solid and liquid samples were taken and air emissions measured through whole-site fugitive emissions. The assessments were done by using a combination of material flow analysis, substance flow analysis, life cycle inventories and life cycle assessments, using the EASETECH modelling software. The life cycle assessment assessed the management of organic household waste in the Danish-German border region. The main output was a life cycle assessment showing large differences in the environmental performance of the two different regions, with the Danish region performing better in most impact categories. Furthermore, the importance of the energy systems was investigated, showing that a large influence on the results was the surrounding energy system. Besides comparing the two regions' current performances to each other, they were compared to four future scenarios featuring increased source separation and different biological treatments. In this case the life cycle assessment was used as a planning tool for a future waste management system where environmental hotspots could be identified for both current and possible future systems. In all cases, the results showed that local conditions can play a major role in where the system can be improved, and conclusions made on an overall level (all five waste management companies together) can lead to suboptimal decisions; it is therefore important to look at each waste management company individually. Major differences in environmental performance were seen when changing from incineration or mechanical and biological treatment to biological treatment, such as increased savings of phosphorous and increased loadings of ammonia. Most important for the environmental performance of the biological treatment facilities were high biogas production and low fugitive methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. Fugitive emissions measured at a combined biogas and composting plant were very significant and led to a turnaround in the environmental performance of the plant, going from a saving in greenhouse gas potential to a loading when including the measured emissions and applying the life cycle assessment principles. Ultimately, increasing the source separation of organic household waste for the five waste management companies is a viable option, if the focus of the companies is on flexible fuel (biogas), compost production and subsequent resource savings. However, the picture is not clear, as the current waste management system (mainly incineration) is already working well, and in some cases it outperforms the biological treatment option.


Abstract : This report summarizes progress in the study of the ignition mechanism of a liquid fuel by a continuous wave carbon dioxide laser; the period covered is from October 1, 1979 to September 30, 1982. It describes 1) new observations of liquid fuel behavior near and at the liquid/air interface during the laser irradiation with incident fluxes from 260 to 2500 W/sq. cm., 2) new time-resolved measurements of temperature and vapor concentration distributions in the gas phase using a newly-developed, high speed, two-wavelength holographic interferometer, and 3) the development of a technique to measure infrared absorption spectra of fuel vapors at elevated temperatures. High speed photographs reveal the complex behavior of n-decane and i-decane surfaces immediately after the onset of incident CO2 laser irradiation. In time sequence one sees the formation of a radial wave, a central surface depression, bubble nucleation/growth/bursting, followed by complex surface motion and further bubbling; typically several (or many) bubble cycles proceed the whole sequence of events leading to a dominance of bubbling phenomena and decreasing the ignition delay. An increase in oxygen concentration in the surrounding gas phase decreases the distance between the liquid surface and the location of the first appearance of visible emission. Prior to ignition there are two global chemical reaction stages in the gas phase. (AW)


The purpose of this study was to monitor the effect of a hypermedia computer-assisted instruction (CAI) software program on the development of letter recognition skills of kindergarten students. Experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 19) students participated in the ABC study and received group instruction on three target letters, one letter presented per week. In addition, experimental students worked with the hypermedia computer software letter recognition lessons. Student letter recognition performance was monitored through probe sheets administered across three phases. During baseline (A), students completed probes of animal figures and a letter previously taught. During intervention (B), students completed probes of the letter presented each week, and during maintenance (C), students were retested on probes presented during intervention. Although overlap in performance among experimental and control students existed, (a) experimental students demonstrated improved levels of letter recognition as compared to their control peers, (b) low performing students in the experimental classroom demonstrated greater gains in overall performance levels from intervention to maintenance as compared to their control peers, and (c) student and group changes in celeration rates were similar in degree across experimental and control classrooms.


On the basis of clear role position of substation in power grid control,the paper emphasized the main feature of comprehensive automation technology in substation and its difference and evolution relation with traditional substation system,and expounded that the IEC61850 enhanced the comprehensive automation technology and prevailing intelligent substation technology.


The author commences on the aspect of the bidder,firstly introduces the concept and principles of the uneven quotation method,describes the technology of the uneven quotation method,based on the quantitative analysis of cases,further describes that the uneven quotation method can receive more project benefit in the principle of holding the total qutotation.


Individual difference is an important factor to influence teaching activity. Under the background of new curriculum reform, we should pay attention to individual capacity difference of students. The teaching environment of difference should be established in teaching activity, self-selection for difference teaching is provided. At the same time, group teaching pattern is adopted in order to meet the demand of different level development. Students can freely choose the sport events of ″up to standard″ to promote the student's physical and mental all-round and healthy development.


The molecules of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol, related by a 3 1 axis in the (+)-(R) form and by a 2 1 axis in the racemic form, are linked through hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups. The dihedral angles between the planes of the naphthyl groups are close to 90 o for the molecules in both crystals: 101.65 (5) o in the (+)-(R) form and 90.58 (4) o in the racemic form


A type 321 stainless steel bellows expansion joint on a 17-cm (6 in.) OD inlet line (347 stainless) in a gas-turbine test facility cracked during operation. The line carried high-purity nitrogen gas at 1034 kPa (150 psi) with a flow rate of 5.4 to 8.2 kg/s (12 to 18 lb/s). Cracking occurred in welded joints and in unwelded portions of the bellows. The bellows were made by forming the convolution halves from stainless steel sheet, then welding the convolutions together. Evidence from visual examination, liquid penetrant inspection chemical analysis, hardness tests, and metallographic examination of sections etched with Vilella's reagent supports the conclusions that failure of the bellows occurred by intergranular fatigue cracking. Secondary degrading effects on the piping existed as well. Recommendations included the acceptability of Type 321 stainless steel (provided open-cycle testing does not result in surface oxidation and crevices) Although type 347 stainless steel would be better, and Inconel 600 would be an even better choice. Welds would also need modified processing for reheating and annealing. Prevention of oil leakage into the system would minimize carburization of the piping and bellows.


Transactional Memory (TM) is no longer just an academic interest as industry has started to adopt the idea in its commercial products. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Transaction Issue (DTI), a new scheme that can be easily implemented on top of existing Hardware TM (HTM) systems, provided additional messages. Instead of wasting power and energy in transaction aborts, Dynamic Transaction Issue puts a processor core into a low-power state when there is a reasonable suspicion that the current transaction running on it will be aborted soon in the future. We have implemented Dynamic Transaction Issue on a cycle-accurate simulator of a multicore processor system with out-of-order superscalar cores, augmented with a power package and a TM package which add accurate dynamic power estimates and a TM framework to the simulator. Our simulation results show that Dynamic Transaction Issue can achieve energy savings up to 37% from the energy consumption of a base machine with no mechanism to suppress useless aborts. We also compare Dynamic Transaction Issue with various alternative hardware TM mechanisms.


This paper offers strategies for developing state agricultural science and technology parks from the realistic significances with an example of the construction of Jiaxing State Agricultural Science and Technology Park in the Changjiang River Delta.


Abstract : A problem is considered to determine the tracking capabilities of an estimator, applied in optical sensing. The estimator tracks the centroid of a one-dimensional Gaussian-shaped intensity based on time-space point process measurements. The centroid assumes to move dynamically as a First Order Gauss-Markov process. Filter performance is described by steady-state upper and lower bounds on mean-square-error (MSE) which are evaluated as a function of two physically motivated parameters: average number of photons detected in a coherence time of centroid dynamics and mean square of the beam width. The parameters establish regions of operations where upper and lower bounds converge to the actual MSE. Results from the Monte-Carlo simulation demonstrates the bounds usefulness. Noise measurements from dark current or background radiation are included in the simulation. Results show that the filter is very sensitive to these measurements, resulting in very poor tracking. Ad hoc methods of filter tuning and residual monitoring are employed to improve tracking performance; results indicate that filter performance can be improved substantially through residual monitoring. (Author)


The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) recently opened its newly renovated aerobiology ABSL-3 suite at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. The 4,800-sf facility includes labs and animal holding rooms designed for high throughput animal bioaerosol efficacy studies conducted with Select Agents and toxins. The project, completed in September of 2005, involved the demolition of existing BSL-2 lab space and renovation of the space into a new ABSL-3 lab, including innovative animal containment and testing equipment that was custom-designed for USAMRIID. The renovation project also included replacement of the air handling unit and mechanical and electrical utilities; installation of redundant HEPA filtration, exhaust fans, and associated ductwork; upgrade of the fire alarm system and building steam capacity; installation of a reverse osmosis water purification system and clean steam generator for room air humidification; and upgrades to physical and electronic security components to meet the Select Agents rule. USAMRIID researchers conduct animal studies to develop and test biodefense vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics for U.S. military personnel. Within USAMRIID is the Center of Aerobiological Sciences, which conducts and supports research on pathogenesis, prevention, therapy, or treatment of disease and intoxications or poisonings, caused by exposures to aerosols of biological threat agents through the respiratory tract to the lungs. All testing is conducted in accordance with Food and Drug Administration Animal Rule 21 (Code of Federal Regulations, CFR) parts 3.14 and 6.01, which allows for testing to be done on animals because of ethics considerations or because of the lethal nature of the materials being tested. Catherine Wilhelmsen, DVM, PhD, CBSP, a microbiologist for USAMRIID, who also serves as USAMRIID's Biological Safety Officer, points to the following design objectives as the overriding focus of the renovation project: • Ensure safe, humane movement of animals. • Optimize aerosol productivity and efficiency. • Incorporate hands-free door operations. • Stabilize the laboratory ambient temperature to prevent temperature fluctuations. • Shorten sterilization time for soiled cages exiting the ABSL-3 facility. • Provide flexibility for future changes in mission.


Purpose This paper aims to electronic caring the health of many kinds of patients. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for designing IoT health-care system bracelet used photon as controller collect with five sensors. And second using raspberry 3 B+ collect with ECG, ECG and camera. Thinkspeak cloud was used for plotting data and communicate with doctor by bylnk mobile application. Findings The paper provides a real data for six-Covid-19 patient in 22 days. Originality/value Design an IoT system that send daily information to doctor if a patient needs to visit him/her or monthly reported to the hospital. Send patient's vital signs to doctor as curves for fast noting any problems. The proposed system can be operate on two states (special, if need to periodically monitor or normal only when any trouble occurs), It was covered the two Covid-19 patient cases simple and critical by real testing these two systems on six Covid-19 patients. The two collections were succeeded in monitoring simple and critical Covid-19 cases.


In many countries, the consumption of blended biodiesel fuel is such a common scenario. Recently, Malaysia began to implement the usage of 7 percent of blended biodiesel fuel (B7) in many service stations. However, along with this fuel availability and consumption, concern of consumers regarding to the use of the blended biodiesel fuel in term of compatibility with the automotive components of the fuel system in diesel engine vehicles especially the non-metal materials had risen up. This paper present information regarding to the blended biodiesel fuel and review some of the issues that exist on the non-metal materials in automotive components of diesel engine vehicles. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.


Presently, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an important resource to treat many diseases, which has a long history in China, and is very complicated in chemical composition and pharmacology. Therefore, modernization of TCM is very necessary, including standardization, resourcing, quality control and research on chemical composition and pharmacology.
 "Multi-Component Chinese Medicine (MCCM)" represents a specific group of chemical composition produced from TCM according to a standardized separation process, which is hopefully to discover the chemical fundament of TCM's pharmacology. The systematic research on MCCM is basing on modern separation and analytical techniques.
In our group, a high-throughput preparation method has been developed in order to accelerate the pharmacological study of MCCM. The whole of TCMs were separated into a serious of small fractions containing several compounds by high-throughput preparative chromatography. Then these small fractions, what is called screening multi-components (SMCs), were screened by high-throughput screening (HTS). After biological screening, active multi-components were obtained and could be studied deeply further. This method will accelerate the process of explanation of the curative mechanism of TCMs, which simplifies the complex TCMs by concentrating on those interesting compounds from hundreds of thousands of compounds in TCMs. Standard libraries of SMCs are constructed, which will not only satisfy the need of TCMs, but also will speed up drug discovery by supplying persistent source for HTS.
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) systems have developed for the characterization of SMCs and preparation of active compounds. Orthogonality and compatibility between the two-dimensional separations are key factors affecting the development of 2DLC. Based on the development of novel stationary phases, RP-HILIC 2DLC system and RP-RP 2DLC system were established.Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) systems have developed for the characterization of SMCs and preparation of active compounds. Orthogonality and compatibility between the two-dimensional separations are key factors affecting the development of 2DLC. Based on the development of novel stationary phases, RP-HILIC 2DLC system and RP-RP 2DLC system were established.


Arboviruses are characterized by high rates of mutation. However, it has been assumed that their evolution is constrained by requirement for alternate replication in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Host change would favor the emergence of new viral variants pre-existing in the viral population. Indeed, during the 2004 outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Indian Ocean, a newly emerged epidemic variant harboring a single amino-acid substitution in the E1 glycoprotein was highly transmitted by an unusual mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus. We showed that when the original and the newly emerged epidemic variants were provided at equal titers in blood-meals, the epidemic variant was preferentially transmitted by Ae. Albopictus. Interestingly, when inoculating both variants into mosquitoes bypassing the midgut barrier, the epidemic variant was no longer selected in Ae. Albopictus. Our findings suggest that the midgut barrier plays a key role in the selection of the epidemic variant. Subsequent adaptive mutations in the CHIKV genome are likely to emerge questioning on the evolution of CHIKV. We evaluated if host alternation can limit CHIKV evolution and results in fitness trade-offs. To test this hypothesis, the newly emerging variant of CHIKV was serially or alternately passaged in mammalian or mosquito cells. After 30 passages, obtained CHIKV strains were genetically and phenotypically characterized. Our results were not in line with the general assumption stating that host alternation constrains CHIKV evolution. However, our experimental approach suggested that new amino-acid substitutions in the E2 glycoprotein could modulate the vector competence in mosquitoes


Detailed simulations for Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-well designs are presented. We reproduce the maximal operation temperatures observed and attribute the degradation with temperature to the occupation of parasitic levels and thermal backfilling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the current injection can be conveniently studied by using EZ states, which combine energy selectivity and spatial localisation. Improving the injection allows to achieve higher maximal operation temperatures around 265 Kelvin.


In this paper, the pseudospectral method to solve the dissipative Zakharov equations is used. Its convergence is proved by priori estimates. The existence of the global attractors and the estimates of dimension are presented. A class of steady state solutions is also disscussed. The numerical results show that if the steady state solutions satisfy some special conditions, they become unstable and limit cycles and strange attractors will occur for very small perturbations.The largest Lyapunov exponent and analysis of the linearized system are applied to explain these phenomena.


Reaction between water at 80 °C and YBa2Cu3O7−x (0.8<x<0.0) is studied using x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O7−x reacts with water and decomposes into BaCO3, CuO and at least one other Cu containing phase. YBa2Cu3O7 reacts slowly with water and the bulk material is modified before it decomposes. The structural and chemical modifications of this material resemble those reported for YBa2Cu3O7 reacted with hydrogen gas. We conclude that either hydrogen or water enters the bulk before decomposition.Reaction between water at 80 °C and YBa2Cu3O7−x (0.8<x<0.0) is studied using x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O7−x reacts with water and decomposes into BaCO3, CuO and at least one other Cu containing phase. YBa2Cu3O7 reacts slowly with water and the bulk material is modified before it decomposes. The structural and chemical modifications of this material resemble those reported for YBa2Cu3O7 reacted with hydrogen gas. We conclude that either hydrogen or water enters the bulk before decomposition.


Following recent studies in stochastic dialog management, this paper introduces an unsupervised approach aiming at reducing the cost and complexity for the setup of a probabilistic POMDP-based dialog manager. The proposed method is based on a first decoding step deriving semantic basic constituents from user utterances. These isolated units and some relevant context features (as previous system actions, previous user utterances...) are combined to form vectors representing the on-going dialog states. After a clustering step, each partition of this space is intented to represent a particular dialog state. Then any new utterance can be classified according to these automatic states and the belief state can be updated before the POMDP-based dialog manager can take a decision on the best next action to perform. The proposed approach is applied to the French media task (tourist information and hotel booking). The media 10k-utterance training corpus is semantically rich (over 80 basic concepts) and is segmentally annotated in terms of basic concepts. Before user trials can be carried out, some insights on the method effectiveness are obtained by analysis of the convergence of the POMDP models.


The thermal critical properties of random-field systems in the observable, linear, local-response regime are considered. A consistent nonperturbative approach yields an effective reduced dimension d-bar = (d+1/..nu..(d-bar))/2 for the thermal exponents if ..cap alpha..(d-bar)< or =0. The consequences for Ising systems are particularly reliable at the upper and lower critical dimensions (d/sub u.c.d./ = 6 and d/sub l.c.d./ = 2, respectively) as well as at d = 3 where ..cap alpha.. = 0 (logarithmic divergence). The results are in agreement with measurements on random antiferromagnets of the specific heat (by linear birefringence) and the correlation length (by neutron scattering).


Given the growing focus on initial vocational education and training (IVET) quality in Switzerland, a study investigating in-company training quality as perceived by 320 apprentices in technical and retail occupations was conducted. The aims were 1) to examine potential differences in the perceived quality of in-company training between the two occupational fields and 2) to analyze how the perceived quality of in-company training was associated with apprentices' sociocognitive learning processes (self-efficacy beliefs, self-regulated learning, help seeking tendencies) and their intention to prematurely terminate a contract. A survey was used to collect the data. The results reveal a single difference, related to time overload, between the two fields. Furthermore, multiple aspects of quality mattered for the sociocognitive processes considered, over and above the effects of control variables (motivations for choosing the ap-prenticeship). Finally, interaction effects between the occupational field and the quality aspects were found. The study constitutes a very first step in providing recommendations for in-company training.


The sequential thermal-mechanical coupling analysis, which solves in turn the transient temperature field and subsequent thermo-mechanical deformations, is carried out in this paper to investigate thermal characteristics along with fatigue reliability of board-level thin-profile fine-pitch ball grid array chip-scale packages under coupled power and thermal cycling test conditions. Pure thermal cycling and pure power cycling test conditions are also examined and compared.


Aim . To confirm association between sudden cardiac death (SCD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6582147 rs 10010305, rs2136810, rs17797829, identified as the most likely candidate markers. Material and methods . The SCD group (n=360, mean age 53,0±9,2 years, men — 76,9%, women — 23,1%) was formed using the SCD criteria of the European Society of Cardiology. The control group (n=402, mean age 52,9±9,1 years, men — 69,7%, women — 30,3%) was selected by gender and age from the DNA bank of international studies MONICA, HAPIEE. DNA is separated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results . The GT rs6582147 genotype is associated with a protective effect on SCD (OR=0,671, 95% CI 0,496-0,909, p=0,011), and the GG genotype with an increased risk of SCD (OR=1,598, 95% CI 1,195-2,135, p=0,002). The greatest effect was in the group of men over 50 years old (p<0,05). The CT rs10010305 genotype is associated with SCD in the group of men (OR=1,773, 95% CI 1,085-2,897 p=0,027), in the group of men over 50 years old (p<0,05) and in the group of people over 50 years old without separation according to sex (OR=1,719, 95% CI 1,038-2,847 p=0,041). The GG rs2136810 genotype is associated with an increased risk of SCD (OR=1,372, 95% CI 1,005-1,871, p=0,049); in the group of people over 50, the GA rs2136810 genotype is associated with a protective effect against SCD (OR=0,642, 95% CI 0,422-0,976, p=0,045). In the group of women, the GG rs17797829 genotype is protective for SCD (OR=0,392, 95% CI 0,203-0,760, p=0,007), in the group of women over 50, except for the GG genotype, the AA genotype of the same polymorphism is associated (OR=2,739, 95% CI 2,176-3,448, p=0,020). Conclusion . According to the results of study, single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6582147 rs10010305, rs2136810, rs17797829 confirmed the association with SCD.


This paper tries to analyse the impact of the republican, concretely the one which changed the framework of labour relationhips, on the agrarian structure of West Andalusia. Whith this purpose in mind, the evolution of the agrarian sector during the 20s is studied, and the strategies of the social groups before the new republican legislation and their influence on the social conflict observed during the analysed period are underlined.


To conduct student ideological and political work successfully in the new situation,the following points must be paid attention to: establishing 'student-oriented' educational management ideas based on the knowledge of students' ideas,learning and daily life,and transforming management ideas;setting up a scientific,standardized and complete system of student work and creating a harmonious atmosphere of campus culture;inheriting the essence of traditional ideas of ideological and political life and promoting the development of student ideological and political work by combining the traditional ideas with the new trends.


Name any month and year and there is a publication by a market pundit forecasting a bullish equity market and another forecasting a bearish equity market. The good thing about having forecasts on both sides of the market is that one of them is always right. Additionally, forecasts occasionally fall on an inflection point, in which case fame is not far away for the genius who formulated the prophesy. Either way, if vocal enough about the market forecasts, a book deal and regular appearances on CNBC are not far away. This is not necessarily to say that it is purely luck that drives published market forecasts—there are surely professionals who have a better idea of market trends than others. However, given the apparent randomness of market forecasting models and the history of the market, the geniuses seem to remain silent. Market forecasts pervade financial magazines, academic journals, financial TV and popular market books. Financial books are interesting since they are often widely available, distributed with fanfare and are made to be accessible to all investors. While professionals may haughtily scoff at these books, they often contain some pearls of wisdom along with the generalities of investment lore. Furthermore, some of these books have come, perhaps coincidentally, at a time when their advice was well heeded. The last three decades have been marked by many books that could easily change investor behavior. Often their titles alone are enough to be repeated with excitement in the financial media. These books are designed to alarm by having titles that suggest doom or boom in the future. They may have a very short shelf life but will often "fly off the shelves" when purchased by investors who are panicked, worried or simply confused. Once proven correct or incorrect by history, the literature is typically forgotten. We believe that it is worthwhile to reopen those now obsolete books and analyze a whole genre of financial literature: the "shock" financial book.


Land use change is a crucial driver behind species loss at the landscape scale. Hence, from a conservation perspective, species response to habitat degradation or improvement of habitat quality, is ...


Cycads are an ancient group of tropical gymnosperms that are toxic to most animals—including humans—though the larvae of many moths and butterflies (order: Lepidoptera) feed on cycads with apparent immunity. These insects belong to distinct lineages with varying degrees of specialization and diverse feeding ecologies, presenting numerous opportunities for comparative studies of chemically-mediated eco-evolutionary dynamics. This review presents an evolutionary evaluation of cycad-feeding among Lepidoptera along with a comprehensive review of their ecology. Our analysis suggests that multiple lineages have independently colonized cycads from angiosperm hosts, yet only a few clades appear to have radiated following their transitions to cycads. Defensive traits are likely important for diversification, as many cycad specialists are warningly colored and sequester cycad toxins. The butterfly family Lycaenidae appears to be particularly predisposed to cycad-feeding and although aposematism is otherwise rare in this family, several cycad-feeding lycaenids are warningly colored and chemically defended. Cycad-herbivore interactions provide a promising but underutilized study system for investigating plant-insect coevolution, convergent and divergent adaptations, and the multi-trophic significance of defensive traits, therefore the review ends by suggesting specific research gaps that would be fruitfully addressed in Lepidoptera and other cycad-feeding insects.


The church-tower of Eccles-by-the-Sea, on the coast of Norfolk, once buried in the moving sand-dunes, has been rendered classical by Lyell through his description of it in his "Principles." Such a monument should surely not be allowed to pass away without an obituary notice.


Affiliation and employment histories obtained from a sample of skid-row men and a control sample of residents in a low-income metropolitan census tract are used in a test of the hypotheses that skid-row men are less affiliated than lower-class men in settled neighborhoods, and that downward occupational mobility is associated with loss of affiliations. Compared with the control sample, skid-row men have long histories of low affiliation, both before and after their arrival on skid row. The two samples did not differ much in occupational mobility, but their affiliative patterns have been quite different. Apparently the disaffiliation of skid-row men cannot be attributed to their downward mobility. Whether downward mobility is accompanied by disaffiliation seems to depend on the context in which it occurs. D espite a long tradition of research dealing with homeless men, many crucial questions about the phenomenon of homelessness remain to be answered. Numerous studies of vagrants, beggars, hobos, and other isolated persons have provided insight into the way homeless people live, but there are few thorough explorations of the social origins and consequences of homelessness. During the past 15 years the situation has changed somewhat. In preparation for urban renewal, Sacramento, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Philadelphia have completed large-scale action-oriented surveys of their skid rows.1 These studies have provided descriptions of skid row and its men, but have not answered some fundamental questions about the development of homelessness. The present paper examines one of these questions, that of the relation between occupational mobility and dis-


To understand the micro-mechanical changes and the effects of the fluoride on rat's femur after administration of sodium fluoride, the three-point bending test, acoustic emission analysis during the three-point bending test and scanning electron microscopy were performed.
The obtained results were as follows:
1. Bone strength increased in the rats given 1, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of fluoride but, there were no statistical significances(p>0.05).
2. With increasing the concentration of fluoride, most AE events released rapidly just before the maximum load and smaller events were recorded than the control group's. The average of cumulative AE event counts until maximum load of the femur in 20 ppm group were significantly small with respect to the control group's(p
3. Fracture surfaces were well coincide with the results of acoustic emission behavior. Analyses of fracture surfaces indicated that, consistent with it's the highest load, rat femur in 20 ppm fluoride group displays the roughest surface.


DVD Film Scences Acknowledgments A Note on Transliteration 1. Hitchcock with a Chinese Face: Suzhou River 2. Oedipus Comes to Hong Kong: The Day the Sun Turned Cold 3. The Chinese Heart in Conflict with Itself: Good Men, Good Women Notes Bibliography Index


A series of seven diamine sensors was prepared using dimers of a quinolone aldehyde chromophore. Binding to six different diamine guests was explored by a combination of NMR, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was shown that the dimeric sensors bound the diamine guests by formation of a bis-iminium ion which produced large changes in the fluorescence of the quinolone core. Issues of selectivity between guests are discussed.


A system and method for monitoring an electrical flat wire is disclosed. Suitable safety device is used to monitor the flat electrical wire. The safety apparatus, comprising a connection to the line side power supply is supplied to a power signal line configured to receive the input side from the line side power supply. In addition, the safety device comprises a flat wire connector adapted to be connected to an electrical flat line. The safety device further includes at least one relay arranged to control the communication of said power signal to said electrical flat wire. In addition, the safety device includes a control unit configured to control the operation of the faulty wiring, wiring fault or abnormal state of at least in part on the at least one relay on the result of the test tested the electrical flat wiring, and for at least one also it includes.


THE results of our tests upon the young of normal does and immune bucks agree with those of other workers in showing that no immunity is transmitted through the male parent. At first only a few experiments were performed to act as a confirmation of work already done by those previously engaged upon the subject, but in these few experiments not only was no immunity shown, but there appeared slight evidence that the young of normal mothers and injected fathers possessed increased susceptibility to diphtheria toxin. Such evidence was also seen in the case of the young of normal fathers and injected mothers as already recorded in Part 2. It appeared, therefore, of importance to endeavour to increase the number of observations until the lowering of resistance of offspring from an injected male parent could be either definitely established or disproved. It was found that the number of experiments necessary to establish the point firmly was prohibitive, but a sufficient number of observations were made to strengthen considerably the probability of the correctness of our conclusions. Evidence submitted by other workers may be forthcoming that taken together with our own results may form conclusive evidence. When a number of normal guinea-pigs of the-same weight and age are injected with the same volume of the same toxin and kept under identical conditions the majority of animals will die at the same time, but some


Abstract The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of O-Ki loss to the inference of genetic linkage. The prior information proposed by Elston and Lange (1975) was used. To help geneticists to understand the implications of the loss function and the Bayes decision rule, the Bayes decision procedure proposed in this article was suggested to be treated as a conventional test statistic. Then it seems almost natural to compare the performance of power of the statistic proposed here with that of the lod score. The simulation result shows that the Bayes decision procedure proposed here and the lod score are of almost equivalent power. This may show that the prior distribution for linkage, derived by Elston and Lange (1975), truly reflects the information about the human gene map and the size of chromosomes.


The combination of flow injection analysis with atomic spectrometry has considerably extended the capabilities of conventional atomic spectrometric methods in terms of efficiency, sensitivity, economy and freedom from interferences. These improvements are mostly related to the on-line sample pretreatment and the possibility of micro-sample introduction in the detection device. The basic concepts of flow injection analysis; the basic components of the flow injection manifold as well as the main applications of flow injection analysis are presented. Special emphasis is put on the coupling of flow injection analysis with detection devices based on atomic spectrometry – flame atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The possibilities and the restrictions of the separate combinations are discussed. Examples are given for the on-line flow injection separation/preconcentration-atomic spectrometric determination of a large variety of elements at trace- and ultra-trace levels in samples of complex matrix composition.


RESPECT THE INVENTION CONJUGATES INCLUDING ACTIVE SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY AND CANCER AGENT OF STEERING IMMUNOGLOBULIN TYPE THE SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY CANCER AND CONTROL OFFICER IS BOUND BY THE LINK COVALENT HYDRAZIDE TYPE. THEY ARE MADE OF DERIVATIVES OF HYDRAZIDE OF VINCA ALKALOIDS RELATED TO IMMUNOGLOBULIN. THE INVENTION ALSO CONCERNS A METHOD OF PREPARATION OF THESE CONJUGATES ASSETS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING SAME.


Growth is the basis for assessing nutritional adequacy of baby. Appropriate intake of nutrition give an impact on the optimal growth. Growth of infants 0-6 months is a critical period in the first 1000 days of life and appropriate intake is exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding lowers the risk of morbidity and mortality infants. This study aims to determine the effect of lactation education toward the growth of infants 0-6 months. This study design was Quasy Experiment, ie. pre-test and post-test with control group design. Samples were 28-30 weeks pregnant women, divided into three groups: 1) those who received education lactation and a modification module (n = 21), 2) a group that only received a modification module (n = 21) and 3) groups only get the MCH book (n = 20). Growth indicators were body weight and body length that measured at birth, months 1, 3 and 6. Statistical analysis using chi square, Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed lactation education affected the baby's growth at 1, 3 and 6 months. Group 1 has an increase in length and weight of body higher than group 2 and 3. So it is very important to pregnant women and maternity lactation routinely receiveing education to improve breastfeeding practice for optimilizing infant growth.


Norman Denzin begins this book by reporting that C. Wright Mills' The Sociological Imagination (1959) was his 'bible' when he entered graduate school in 1963. He reports that Mills 'implied that we could change history by inserting ourselves into it. If we did not do this, history would go on behind our backs' (p. 9). From this Denzin inherited the commitment, following Marx, to 'change society, not just interpret or write about' it. This has finally led him to the conclusion that 'qualitative research is a moral, allegorical, and therapeutic project' (p. 16). As the subtitle of Denzin's book indicates, it is intended to be a call to arms, 'directed to all scholars who believe in the connection between critical inquiry and social justice', a form of inquiry that he sees as 'under attack from many different sides: from the evidenceand science-based research movements on the one hand, to postpositivists, mixed methods, and traditional qualitative researchers on the other side' (pp. 10–11). In the same spirit, Denzin's previous book was entitled Qualitative Inquiry Under Fire (Denzin, 2009). His latest book covers a range of topics related to this theme. The opening chapters outline his vision of the past and future of qualitative research, and what he envisages as its global role in bringing about social change that would, quoting Stanfield (2006: 725), 'improve quality of life . . . for the oppressed, marginalized, stigmatized and ignored . . . and . . . bring about healing, reconciliation and restoration between the researcher and the researched' (p. 9). Subsequent chapters discuss the teaching of qualitative inquiry, the issue of ethics and ethical regulation, and problems with producing and publishing 'experimental texts'. The penultimate chapter provides 'templates for social justice inquiry'. Appendices supply a 'teaching template' and an ethical code for qualitative researchers. There are major problems with this book:


The second moment of the sublevels within the initial state |αSLJ 〉 which constitutes a natural and adequate measure of the crystal‐field (CF) effect can be redefined as where is the so‐called 2k ‐pole CF strength, whereas Ak = 〈αSLJ ‖ C(k) ‖αSLJ 〉 the reduced matrix element of the k ‐rank spherical tensor operator. Therefore, the CF effect depends on the sum of products of the two factors representing the identical multipole components of two different charge distributions. The term Ak expresses the asphericity of the central ion open‐shell, whereas the term Sk the asphericity of its surroundings. When these two distributions do not fit each other the observed CF splitting can be unexpectedly weak even for considerable values of the total and . The tabulated quantities of the Ak (|αSLJ 〉), as the 2k ‐pole type asphericities, are the intrinsic characteristics of the electron states revealing their multipolar structure and hence their potential susceptibility to CF splitting separately for each effective multipole. For any chosen pair of a central‐ion and CF potential the relevant Ak and Sk magnitudes, respectively, allow us to predict the scale of the related splitting. We can also compare the CF splitting of various states in the same CF potentials or the splitting of the same state in various CF potentials. Having the model σ2 and their experimentally available counterparts we can evaluate the degree of admixing of the free‐ion states. Since the independent quantities Sk and Ak occur as the scalar product in the formula for σ2 the use of the total S and A notions should be critically considered. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Haemodynamic‐guided heart failure (HF) management using directly measured cardiac filling pressures in symptomatic patients is now recommended in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Heart Failure Guidelines [Class IIb(B)]. This meta‐analysis evaluates all data from completed clinical trials evaluating this approach in patients with HF.


The Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP) predicts aircraft noise with the best methods available. This manual is designed to give the user an understanding of the capabilities of ANOPP and to show how to formulate problems and obtain solutions by using these capabilities. Sections within the manual document basic ANOPP concepts, ANOPP usage, ANOPP functional modules, ANOPP control statement procedure library, and ANOPP permanent data base. appendixes to the manual include information on preparing job decks for the operating systems in use, error diagnostics and recovery techniques, and a glossary of ANOPP terms.


ABSTRACT Digitalisation creates a new environment in which the development of advanced technology is becoming a reality. In that sense, a system of recording information that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack or cheat is commonly known under blockchain technology. Recently, there has been much hype around blockchain technology since it became helpful for creating digital money, widely called cryptocurrencies. This article stresses the importance of blockchain technology concerning cryptocurrencies, including its impact on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Finally, this article aims to offer potential solutions that might help regulate the cryptocurrencies concerning entity level in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Coherent detection is commonly facilitated by means of pilot-aided channel estimation. While this approach offers a high estimation accuracy, the spectral and power efficiencies are reduced due to the pilot overhead. In the case that redundancy due to channel coding is not used for the purpose of channel estimation, the maximum pilot spacing for which a time-varying channel can be reconstructed without distortion is given by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. In this paper, it is shown that if channel coding is taken into account for channel estimation in an iterative fashion, the maximum spacing can be significantly extended, which results in an increased spectral efficiency. Towards this goal, a so-called coded sampling bound is derived. This semi-analytical bound is compared with the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. The presented results indicate that the maximum pilot spacing can be arbitrarily large given a suitable channel code and code rate.


As PRofEssoRs in the early twenty-first century, we are constantly absorbing information about new technologies and how we might best use them to teach history.1 As part of a U.s. Department of Education grant to expand Latin American and Caribbean Studies at Albright College, the authors of this article, one a historian and one an artist, teamed up to teach a course called Revolutions: Art and Revolution in Latin America. In the class, we proposed to combine a studio art printmaking class with Latin American history content. We wanted to use a different kind of technology to help students understand the past, and use Latin America's revolutionary past to help students understand the different ways that art has been used to promote social change. This article is going to talk about the methods that we use to teach the class, the resources available, and some of the challenges of offering this type of hybrid class. The content of the class covers the Mexican and Cuban Revolutions. Both of these twentieth-century revolutions overthrew the standing governments and brought in revolutionary governments that stressed national identity, sovereignty, and social justice. While the Mexican Revolution began in 1910 and the Cuban revolutionary government came to power in 1959, both continue to shape the contemporary nations. Our class examines the revolutionary governments and their relationship to the graphic arts in three different ways. After giving a general introduction


ALTHOUGH the vagina is the usual habitat of Trichonzomas 'vaginalzs Donne, this parasite has been recorded from the male urinogenital tract many times (u. Trussell, 1947, for a list of the literature). Many of these records deal only with isolated cases of male trichomoniasis, but a number of systematic examinations of groups of men (v . infra, Table 11) indicate that the incidence of infection with this flagellate in the male may be greater than is usually supposed. Fuller records of the occurrence of this flagellate in men are essential to a better understanding of the aetialogy of T . uaginalis infections. The following work, employing a reliable culture method which yields more positive cases than direct microscopic examination of the fresh semen, has therefore been carried out to determine the number of infected consorts of a small group of women harbouring the parasite. Although the number of men examined is too small for a statement on the incidence of this parasite in the male population to be made, the technique used and the results obtained may be of interest to other workers in this field.


ABSTRACT Background: Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure is a potentially preventable environmental pollutant that has caused rising concern among the public. The avoidance behavior towards Second Hand Smoke exposure is believed to be related to many factors. The objective of this study is to determine the second hand smoke (SHS) avoidance and its associated factors among undergraduate students in a public university in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 395 undergraduate students using validated self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used in selecting the respondents.  The questionnaire was divided into knowledge on SHS exposure, attitude towards avoiding SHS, perception on SHS and SHS avoidance scale. Spearman rank correlation was used to examine the association between knowledge, attitude and perceptions on SHS exposure and avoidance among the respondents. Result: The findings of this study showed the median and interquartile range for knowledge, attitude and perceptions on SHS were 12.0 (3.0), 50.0 (10.0) and 15.0 (3.0) respectively. Whereas the median on avoidance of SHS exposure was 59 (13.0). There were significant correlation between knowledge on SHS exposure (p = 0.010), attitude towards avoiding SHS (p < 0.001) and perception on SHS (p = 0.001) with SHS avoidance score. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude and perceptions on SHS were significantly correlated with avoidance of SHS. The result of this study will give a useful data for avoidance of SHS intervention programs for undergraduate university students. Keywords: Avoidance, Second hand smoke, knowledge, attitude, perception


Negative change occurring during psychotherapy is relatively underresearched and current theories take little account of social context. Eight clients and four therapists were interviewed about their therapy experience when reliable score deterioration on an outcome measure was observed, with the aim of generating a Grounded Theory model of negative change. The emerging model identified three major themes: a context of adversity, the therapeutic experience, and help withdrawn (within the context of positive outcomes). Difficulties included wanting therapy to provide more advice, talking about distressing issues, relationship difficulties, ambivalence, and a wish for support instead of change. Client context merits increased attention. Changes in outcome measures used, more diverse supervision models, training to use outcome measures constructively, and sensitive, routine analysis of negative change are indicated. Increased availability of therapies able to address clients' interpersonal and social context and a wider choice of therapy type would allow interventions to better fit the individual in context.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society SERS Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers Embedded on Plasmonic Nano-structure MASATO MAITANI, Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University (Penn State), DOUGLAS OHLBERG, Information & Quantum Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA (Hewlett-Packard), HAEYOUNG YOON, Electrical Engineering (Ee), Penn State, PING KAO, Ee, Penn State, DEMIREL MELIK, Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State, ZHIYONG LI, DUNCAN STEWART, STANLEY WILLIAMS, Hewlett-Packard, THERESA MAYER, Ee, Penn State, DAVID ALLARA, Chemistry, Penn State — We discuss Raman spectroscopic analysis of self-assembled monolayers embedded in two different types of nano-structures capable of sustaining localized surface plasmon-surface plasmon polariton coupling via nanoscale gaps and curved surface features. Both structures cosnsist of metal-molecule-metal (M3) junctions which can also allow charge transport through the molecular bridges. Our results indicate different electromagnetic and charge transport characteristics as a function of the top metal-molecule chemical interaction. We also report direct correlations between charge transport states, SERS response and inelastic vibrational scattering in selected M3 molecular electronic device junctions. Masato Maitani Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University (Penn State) Date submitted: 03 Dec 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


In these days, various wireless internet services are possible since the advanced wireless networks enable to transfer more data than before and smarter devices have developed to display the multimedia information more efficiently. Therefore, Korean MIPS such as SKT and LGT provide many kinds of advanced services such as wireless on-line shopping, mobile banking system and etc using 2.5 generation wireless network technology and smartcards. In a transportation system, a cellular phone can be used as a useful payment tool since most people always keep it and a mobile payment system has developed as infrastructure for wireless on-line services. In this paper, a mobile transportation payment system is introduced. A driver needs to pay a toll fee when he/she uses the highways. Recently, a high pass system has introduced, in which a vehicle can pass a toll gate without stopping to pay the fee to a counter. The payment is done automatically by an attached payment device. We have developed an advanced mobile system in which a smartcard embedded cellular phone is used as a payment device. The personnel and financial information is stored at a smartcard and the communication between the phone and OBU(On Board Unit) is done by Bluetooth.


Teak (Tectona grandis) is originated from Asia, and was introduced in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in the decade of 1970. The analysis of roots collecte...


The sequential reaction between α-bromo ketones and glyoxalhydrates leads to 2,4,5-triacyl-1,3-dioxolanes. The reactions arepromoted by a combination of triethylamine and lithium bromide,and a plausible mechanism is proposed. The reaction presumably proceedsvia the condensation of glyoxal hydrates, the Williamson reactionand a cyclization sequentially. The reaction conditions are mildand operationally simple. Although the yields of the reactions aremoderate, the products are formed stereoselectively.


that an antitoxine can only neutralise a toxin in the presence of living cells. In order to test the question in the case of cobra poison and its antitoxic serum they start with the facts pointed out by D. D. Cunningham, that cobra poison has the power of causing active haemolysis of blood and also of preventing its clotting for a very long lime. With regard to the hemolytic action of the poison, they first dilute the cobra poison with salt solution of such a strength as will have no power of dissolving out the haemoglobin from the red corpuscles even after many hours, and add this to blood under the htemocytometer and count the corpuscles at different intervals of time In this way a quantitative estimation of the action of different strengths of the poison in dissolving the haemoglobin out of the corpuscles is obtained, and by now repeating the experiments with the addition of certain quantities of the antitoxic serum, they were able to show that the hemolytic action of the poison may be entirely neutralised by a certain dose of the anti-


Introduction: tongue-tie or ankyloglossia, is a congenital condition that results when the inferior lingual frenulum is too short and is attached to the tip of the tongue, limiting its normal movements.  The restriction of lingual mobility during childhood and adolescence can cause alterations in bone growth of the orofacial structures and the oral functions of the child. Also it affects speech; feeding, oral hygiene as well as social environment. Ankyloglossia can be observed at different ages with specific indications for treatment for each group. Case Report: The aim of this article is to relate a case of ankyloglossia in a boy child of seven-year-old who was examined in the department of pediatrics in the center of Consultations and Dental Treatment of Rabat. According to Kotlow's classification the child was diagnosed with type III ankyloglossia and treated by frenectomy followed by speech therapy for an immediate rehabilitation. A marked improvement in the movement of the tongue was observed at follow up visits in the treated case. Discussion and Conclusion: The routine examination of the lingual frenulum permits the identification of insertion abnormalities and enables the establishment of the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.


This paper discusses the basic ideas and methods of application of intell igence optimal algo-rthms in mechanical optimal design.Hopfield model,Boltzmann model,Ga uss Model,Multi -layer forward model and Evolutionary Algorithms a nd their application in mechanical o ptimal design are discussed mainly.


This study investigates conceptual development in seven pre-adolescent language impaired children with normal range performance IQ. Across a variety of Piagetian tasks these children performed less well than would be expected for their mental age. This was particularly true for tasks demanding anticipatory imagery. These findings suggest that language impairment may be accompanied by pervasive cognitive deficits—including difficulties with non-linguistic symbolic representation.


This article reports two cases and reviews the literature regarding chemotherapy using anthracyclines during pregnancy. Twenty‐six additional cases using this class of agents to treat malignancy during pregnancy are summarized from 18 reports for a total of 28 pregnancies. Final outcome of pregnancy is analyzed with regard to the following factors: diagnosis, gestational age at start of therapy, total dose of anthracycline, number and type of agents used, neonatal pathologic findings and months of follow‐up of infants. Final outcome of 28 pregnancies resulted in 24 normal infants including a set of twins in the current report. Limited pharmacokinetic information is inconclusive with regard to the appearance of anthracyclines and their known metabolites in placental or fetal tissue.