Aircraft maintenance planning and scheduling constitute planning, control and execution of materials (spare parts), operations (inspection, disassembly and assembly activities) and resources (labour, machines, transport equipment, etc.). This is a complex problem due to large number of components involved at various planning and execution levels, and the size/nature of resource-intensive maintenance projects. This paper reports current practices, problem areas and issues in aircraft maintenance planning and scheduling using both interfaced and integrated systems, based on a case study. The case study involves one airline in the region and an industry solution for aircraft maintenance planning and scheduling. Problem areas and issues within interfaced systems are reported, based on the selected airline while issues and potential improvements on the selected solution are identified based on a numerical study. Testing of maintenance planning and scheduling, based on maintenance order cycle within maintenance project, show that planning and scheduling methods in the industry solution can be enhanced by eliminating weaknesses of individual techniques involved. The paper concludes that key improvement areas on the planning and scheduling processes within an integrated system environment are simultaneous planning of materials, operations and resources involved, forward planning of operations/tasks, and finite loading of resources. Potential benefits from improvements include reduction in spare-parts inventory, shorter turn-around times and cost reduction in overtime.


Specimens of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta spp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchfield) and hybrids of those two species were collected in the South Nahanni and Flat Rivers region. Those collections extend the previously known range of pines within that region.


The resource - typed cities in minority regions, which have ever made their great devotion to the development of our country and minority regions , now confront with a series of difficulties. So it is urgent for them to make their sustainable development .The author thinks about it positively and gives his advice in this article.


Purpose: To reveal the pattern of change of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in asymptomatic men younger than 45 years whose PSA level was ≥4.00ng/ml. Materials and Methods: Between January 2003 to October 2007, 105 men (<45-year-old) and 285 men (≥45-year-old) were respectively referred from a health promotion center due to an elevated PSA level (≥4.00 ng/ml). Among them, the men with prostatitis-associated symptoms and pyuria (≥5WBC/HPF) on urinalysis, those taking medication that influence the PSA level or those men with a short follow-up period (<6 months) were excluded. The pattern of change of the PSA level in men younger than 45 years (group 1) was analyzed, and the results were compared with those of men whose age was ≥45 years (group 2). Results: The data from 38 (group 1) and 87 (group 2) men was finally analyzed respectively. In group 1, the median age was 41 (25-44) and the initial PSA level was 5.60ng/ml (4.10-17.00). The PSA levels in 31 men (81.6%) decreased spontaneously during a median follow-up period of 20 months, and the PSA levels in 18 men (47.4%) were spontaneously normalized (<4.00ng/ml), and both of which were significantly higher as compared with those values in group 2 (48.3% and 28.7% respectively). Prostate biopsies were performed in 3 men (group 1), and 33 men (group 2); all of these revealed benign disease. Conclusions: Despite of an abnormal elevation of PSA, if men are younger than 45 years and they have no specific urologic symptoms, there is little need for immediate exploration for prostatitis or to prescribe antibiotics because the PSA levels decline spontaneously in many cases. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:809-812) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


OBJECTIVE:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative condition, characterized by the preferential destruction of motor neurons innervating fast-twitch muscle. The goal of this study is to promote skeletal muscle fiber type conversion from fast to slow phenotype using exercise. We hypothesise that this conversion would delay neurodegeneration in the G93A human SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS.
 BACKGROUND:
Is exercise neuroprotective, or does high-intensity activity influence ALS development? This is an ongoing debate in the ALS literature. Due to degeneration of fast-twitch muscle motor units, conversion of motor units to a slow-oxidative phenotype should promote neuroprotection in ALS. Muscle regulatory factors, myogenin and MyoD have been used to alter muscle fiber type composition in mice; myogenin gene transfer increases oxidative phenotype, whereas MyoD gene transfer reduces oxidative phenotype and hastens disease process. This study aims to demonstrate a relationship between exercise and altered muscle expression of myogenin and MyoD.
 DESIGN/METHODS:
Transgenic mice overexpressing the G93A human SOD1 mutation (n=9) and wild type controls (n=6) were randomized into exercise and sedentary groups. Mice engaged in a treadmill-based interval program or remained sedentary three days weekly for eight weeks. Mice were weighed weekly. Spinal cord and muscle samples were collected and frozen following the intervention; half were used for mRNA extraction and cDNA generation for qPCR analysis using standard techniques.
 RESULTS:
Mice showed improvement on the running task over the study duration. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of muscle regulatory factors (myogenin and MyoD), myosin heavy-chain type (Myh7, Myh2, Myh4), and IGF-1 will be completed on hindlimb and spinal cord samples. A succinate dehydrogenase enzyme assay will be performed to assess muscle oxidative capacity.
 CONCLUSIONS:
These results will inform efforts to develop specific muscle-directed exercise therapies for motor neuron diseases.
 Study Supported by:
AAN Student Research Scholarship, UBC, and CMMT Disclosure: Dr. Plecash has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leavitt has nothing to disclose.


Summary Current imaging technologies such as Kirchhoff Migration and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) provide a level of seismic resolution that help capture hydrocarbon reservoirs and outline prospects. Least-Squares Migration (LSM) is becoming the new standard in high-end seismic imaging, providing a higher level of granularity necessary for prospect risk mitigation, reservoir characterization and well planning. In this paper, we present the advantages of using LSM for imaging and interpretation of presalt reservoirs of the prolific Santos Basin."


We propose a rational model to explain time-series momentum. The key ingredient is word-of-mouth communication, which we introduce in a noisy rational expectations framework. Word-of-mouth communication accelerates information revelation through prices and generates momentum. Social interactions allow investors with heterogeneous trading strategies — contrarian and momentum traders — to coexist in the marketplace. As a result, momentum is not completely eliminated, although a significant proportion of investors trade on it. We also show that word-of-mouth communication spreads rumors and generates price run-ups and reversals. Our theoretical predictions are in line with several empirical findings.


eight stages ofastimulation protocol thatusedonethentwoextrastimuli from the rightventricular apex in sinus rhythmandthreeventricular driverates (100, 120,and140beats/min) wereper- formedin24 patients withrecurrent spontaneoussustainedventricular tachycardia despitedrug treatment. Twentytwoofthepatients hadsustained a previous myocardial infarct and 18 were on longterm treatmentwith amiodarone. Sustained (>30 s)ven- tricular tachycardia wasinducedinall patients. Two extrastimuli were sig- nificantly more likely to inducesus- tained ventricular tachycardia thanone extrastimulus, both overalland individually forthethreeventricular driverates. A ventricular driverateof 140beats/min was significantly more likely toinduceventricular tachycardia thanventricular driveratesof100and 120beats/min whichweresignificantly moreeffective thansinus rhythm. A ven- tricular driverateof140beats/min with one or two extrastimuli inducedven- tricular tachycardia in23/24 (95%) ofthe patients inthisstudy. Thefulleight stageprotocol waspro- gressive separately forbothextrastimuli andventricular driveratebutthelast twostages(ventricular driverateof140 beats/min withoneortwoextrastimuli) wereaseffective astheentire protocol in inducing ventricular tachycardia.


Abstract This study empirically examine the females' representation (gender diversity) on the board as well as their impact on financial distress by taking the sample of Indian-listed family firms for a period ranging from 2013 to 2016. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression have been used to find out the influence of feminine on financial distress. The results of descriptive statistics show that on an average, there is just 9 per cent share of females on the board to a maximum of 28 per cent and only 2 per cent of firms have female chief executive officer (FCEO). Further, females have a diminutive impact on financial distress since their presence on the board is very low. Only one variable, females' percentage (FPER) on the board is significant and negatively associated with financial distress. However, other insignificant variables are also negatively related with financial distress indicating that gender diversity on the board can minimise the financial distress. Consequently, practical implications derived from the present study are that there should be a considerable share of females on the board and executive positions so that their decisions could considerably impact the firm's performance and be helpful to reduce the financial distress.


We introduce a robust and fully adaptive method for pointwise estimation in heteroscedastic regression. We allow for noise and design distributions that are unknown and fulfill very weak assumptions only. In particular, we do not impose moment conditions on the noise distribution. Moreover, we do not require a positive density for the design distribution. In a first step, we study the consistency of locally polynomial M-estimators that consist of a contrast and a kernel. Afterwards, minimax results are established over unidimensional H\"older spaces for degenerate design. We then choose the contrast and the kernel that minimize an empirical variance term and demonstrate that the corresponding M-estimator is adaptive with respect to the noise and design distributions and adaptive (Huber) minimax for contamination models. In a second step, we additionally choose a data-driven bandwidth via Lepski's method. This leads to an M-estimator that is adaptive with respect to the noise and design distributions and, additionally, adaptive with respect to the smoothness of an isotropic, multivariate, locally polynomial target function. These results are also extended to anisotropic, locally constant target functions. Our data-driven approach provides, in particular, a level of robustness that adapts to the noise, contamination, and outliers.


We investigate how the displacement risk associated with import competition is reflected in the cost of capital. We sort U.S. industries on their exposure to import competition, based on shipping costs. We find that output and employment in high exposure industries is more sensitive to tariff cuts than in low exposure industries, consistent with the idea that they face a higher risk of being displaced by import competition. We then show that high exposure industries have a higher cost of capital. We confirm displacement risk of import competition is priced and covaries with the marginal utility of the representative agent.


A method for power systems alarm handling and fault location is presented. The method employs artificial neural network classifiers whose inputs are alarms from relays and circuit breakers operation, while the outputs identify the faulted system component. Fault location is determined even in cases of protection system failures or in the presence of noisy data. The employed methodology is ill ustrated with a test system.


We examine long-run stock and operating performance following secondary equity offerings. For a subsample of issuers in which the seller is an insider, both 3- and 5-year post-issue abnormal stock returns are significantly negative. The findings are robust to alternative long-run abnormal return measurement methodologies. The abnormal returns are large relative to the initial market reaction (the mean 5-year abnormal returns is -33.33%). The operating performance of these firms also declines subsequent to the issue. This supports the hypothesis that the negative performance of secondary equity offerings can be attributed to managers exploiting "windows of opportunity" by issuing overvalued shares.


For the purpose of forecasting meteorological time series, a number of established methodologies have been presented (analog techniques, neural networks, etc.). However, when dealing with multivariate time series that are spread spatially, the aforementioned approaches do not take into consideration all of the information that is accessible. In this research, we tackle the challenge of using Bayesian networks to provide accurate weather predictions. This research aims to offer the Bayesian network (BN) model as a means of estimating dustfall based on atmospheric ensemble forecasts. The following categories of data were collected and analyzed for this study: mean temperature, mean humidity, mean rainfall, mean wind speed, and maximum and lowest dustfall. Between the years 2021 and the beginning of 2022, the Iraqi agency for Meteorology and Seismology collected the data on the weather. The values available are month averages. The structure and parameters of the Bayesian network were learned with the help of these data. Through the use of dynamic Bayesian networks, inference in the Bayesian network was able to assist in anticipating the maximum and minimum dustfall that will occur in the following months. The model demonstrated an overall precision of 75% and 89.0% in predicting the maximum amount of dustfall, respectively.


Scats of long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta) from north-eastern New South Wales were examined for seasonaloccurrenceoffungi.Funguswasdetectedinbandicootdietsinallseasons,butsamplesfromautumnandwinterwere more likely to contain fungi, and more taxawere consumedin these seasons, compared with spring and summer. Individual scatsamplesalsocontainedmoresporetypesinautumnandwinterthaninspringandsummer.Myresultssupportotherwork in temperate south-eastern Australia that indicate an autumn and winter peak in fungal availability, and a stronger focus on fungal consumption by mammals at this time of year.


The results of long-term studies of the flushing of humus and plant nutrition elements with water erosion on sod-podzolic soils are presented. Quantitative indicators of their losses with liquid and solid runoff during spring snowmelt and precipitation of runoff-forming rains under different agricultural crops have been established. During the spring snowmelt, the maximum runoff was observed on winter grain crops, the maximum soil washout was observed on winter plowing. Humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lost mainly with solid runoff. During the spring snowmelt, the total losses of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 80.4, 5.4, 2.3 and 2.1 kg/ha per year, respectively, on winter crops - 28.6, 1.7, 0.7 and 0.6 kg/ha per year, under perennial grasses - 5.3, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.9 kg/ha per year. The maximum runoff and flushing of the soil during the fallout of runoff-forming rains was observed under row crops, the minimum - under perennial grasses. The main losses of humus, nitrogen and phosphorus under row and spring grain crops are noted with solid runoff. Under perennial grasses, humus is washed off more with liquid, and nitrogen and phosphorus -in equal amounts with liquid and solid runoff. Potassium is mainly carried out with the soil on row crops, and on winter cereals - with liquid runoff. On spring grain crops and perennial grasses, its losses with liquid and solid runoff are the same. In general, when cultivating row crops, humus losses with water erosion reach 240 kg/ ha per year, under spring grain and leguminous crops - 8-170, under winter grain - 25-45 kg / ha per year, and under perennial grasses no more than 10 kg/ha. Total nitrogen losses range from 12.5-46.0 kg/ha under row crops to 1.5-5.0 kg/ha under winter grain crops. Phosphorus and potassium losses amount to 4.5-20.0 kg/ha per year on row crops, 3.5-15.0 - on spring cereals and leguminous crops, 1.5-7.0 - on winter cereals and less than 2 kg/ha per year on perennial grasses.


It is officially known that democracy in the United States of America became the main idea more than two hundred years old. For a long time, it was considered the most progressive and standard for the whole world. But now people are increasingly asking questions about whether there really is a democracy in America. Is United States is really a democratic state? This article examines various aspects of the democratic structure of the state, including theoretical, historical and legal, as well as the current political situation in the United States. Based on the analysis of the US electoral legislation and the work of the American electoral system, it is concluded that, on the one hand, the citizens of the country are not guaranteed the exercise of their active and passive electoral rights. And on the other hand, key laws and political decisions are made without relying on the opinion of the citizens of the country, which does not allow us to classify such a way of governing the country as unambiguously democratic. The presidential election-2020, with its numerous violations and mass riots, was particularly criticized. To a large extent, this situation in the American electoral system is explained by fact, that the orientation of The Founding Fathers of the United States was not to ensure democratic governance of the country. They argued for strengthen American federalism, which reflected the complexity and archaic nature of the electoral system. Its allows us to conclude that neither formallyconstitutionally, nor in fact, the United States is not a democracy. The system of power that has historically developed in the United States is most accurately described by the term "oligarchy", which generates a number of both political and constitutional-legal consequences.


The possible configurations of apo-form medaka fish taste receptor type 1, which is a heterodimer consisting of two types of monomers, were studied by a 1-µs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The...


This paper discusses the systematic application of the latent class model on business analytics. The latent class model is one of the effective statistical model classes on business analytics to represent essential statistical structures by learning the sparse and high dimensional data. This model class is useful for the purpose of reduction of feature dimension and cancellation of sparseness of the data. This is because many practical data can be assumed to consist of several unobserved subgroups. For example, a customers set, which is a target in the field of marketing analysis, consists of several subgroups with different characteristics and preferences. In addition, data clustering can also be realized by estimated belonging probabilities to latent classes of each data.This paper gives a general form of the latent class model and discuss how to construct the model structure and apply to a real problem in business analytics. After describing important points to be noted in analysis based on a latent class model, several practical examples are also shown.


The present work involves synthesis of new 3,5-bis-substituted dihydropyridine derivatives 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 starting from dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (1) as starting material. Structures of new compounds were established by spectral and elemental analyses. Some of the new compounds were evaluated for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Screening data of the tested compounds show promising anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The detail synthesis, spectroscopic data, and pharmacological activities are reported.


Summary The fluorescence spectra and their decay profiles of novel azo-dye doped PMMA films (ADP) have been studied by using infrared femtosecond pulsed laser as multi-photon excitation source. The cis -isomer fluorescence emission of the azo-dye molecules has been observed stronger than trans -isomer emission. The experiment result shows that the analyzed azo-dye compound isomerizes obviously under two-photon absorption, which may be potentially useful in high-density optical storage.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and esterase on the microtensile bond in dentin bonding. After resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin. specimens were formed and stored in PBS, collagenase, or esterase solution After 4-week storage, was determined and, the results were as follows : 1. values of Single Bond 2 were lower than those of Clearfil SE Bond for all storage medium (p0.05). 3. In Clearfil SE Bond group, esterase solution lowered bond strength more than PBS(p>0.05). Collagenase solution lowered bond strength more than esterase solution(p>0.05) and PBS(p


Based on the sample from chain pharmacies in Chang-Zhu-Tan Region,by questionnaires and statistics analysis,the relationship among chain pharmacy headquarters' resources,logistics activities and capabilities is analyzed.Here follow the results:(1) the logistics capabilities of chain pharmacies can be divided into cost and service capability,flexibility and delivery capability;(2) according to chain pharmacy types,there are differences in chain headquarters' resources,logistics activities and capabilities;(3) headquarters' logistics activities can partly mediate the significant effects of headquarters' resources on cost and service and delivery capabilities,and can totally mediate the significant effect of headquarters' resources on flexibility.Accordingly,suggestions are made for the development of logistics capabilities of chain pharmacies.


SUMMARY Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli (1761-1818), was the first Italian chemist who tried to organize systematically the diffusion of chemical ideas in Italy. And even if his works were theorethically weak, his function as editor and journalist gave a strong impulse to the birth of this science.Therefore an extend study of his unpublished letters and manuscripts should lead to a better comprehension of the Italian scientific organisation after the chemical revolution.


In order to develop the reliable and fast visual inspection techniques for surface mounted components after they have been placed in wet solder paste on a printed circuit board (PCB). An inspection process based on machine vision is presented. First, with an adaptive segmentation method based on local valley, the binary component electrodes were obtained, at the same, the location of the component was gotten by the sliding location window algorithm, then, the defects such as component missing, component rotation and component shift are detected by analyzing the projection information of the electrodes. Second, the three color features are extracted from the component body and the Bayes classifier is used to inspect whether the components body is wrong. The experiment results have verified the validity of this scheme in terns of recognition rate and speed.


By Nicholas Kennedy, Associate in Research, Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. Georgine Yorgey, Associate in Research, Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. Craig Frear, Assistant Professor, Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University. Dan Evans, President, Promus Energy. Jim Jensen, Senior Bioenergy and Alternative Fuels Specialist, WSU Extension Energy Program, Washington State University. Chad Kruger, Director, Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University FS180E


Public libraries have added access to online intermediary searching and end-user systems, but have not based the decision to do so on in-depth study of needed skills, impact on staff and projected benefit to patrons. If quality online searching is to be provided, methods of staff selection and development need to be seriously considered. The role of the online searcher is defined, as are the qualities, skill and expertise necessary for the job. Guidelines for staff selection are listed under four categories: (1) education, (2) experience, (3) present level of knowledge/skill, (4) general reference ability, Three types of staff training programs are listed: (I) general orientation for all staff (2) training in the fundamentals of online searching, and 3) online searcher development and training. Content requirements !or each of these programs are provided. The need for well planned staff selection and development methods is acute if quality online search service is to be provided in public libraries.


The negative influences of mining activities on environment,such as occupation of farmland,causing of geological disaster,damage of water balance and land feature,become day by day serious.At the time the national"Mineral Resource Law"is modified,some legal provisions about environmental protection in mining region and principles related to mining's sustainable development should be added in.


Corporate administration is worried about holding the harmony among monetary and social objectives and among individual and common objectives. The corporate administration structure is there to support the productive utilization of assets and to require responsibility for the stewardship of those assets. This article traces the connection between corporate administration and corporate social obligation (CSR). It starts by inspecting the job of corporate administration in making an incentive for investors. It centers around the activities of the partnership and the board toward its investors and different partners, i.e., how corporate administration serves or neglects to serve their interests. It covers the suspicions that underlie speculations of corporate administration and the normal results of different board structures and arrangements. It at that point looks at the condition of corporate vote based system, the issue of responsibility, and key enactment with respect to corporate administration.


m a y / j u n e 2 0 1 2 www.insidegnss.com The carrier phase observable is generally considered to be the most precise GNSS measurement, yielding millimeter-level positioning accuracy outdoors. However, measuring this observable indoors or in a forest has long been thought to be impossible or, at best, very difficult. A new carrier-tracking algorithm used in the research on which this column is based changes this situation and enables us to measure the received carrier phase even in highly degraded environments. The algorithm adapts a well-known positioning concept (single/ double difference) to the level of GNSS signal processing. Singleand double-difference (code and carrier) correlators eliminate common mode errors and thereby reduce the signal dynamics. Applying much smaller tracking loop bandwidths or longer integration times can then reduce noise and eliminate multipath contributions during signal tracking. For static applications, a coherent integration time of 30 seconds allows single-channel carrier tracking without cycle-slips well below zero decibel/hertz (!), provided that code and Doppler lock can be achieved by, for example, vector tracking. This column will show that the estimated carrier phase apparently relates to the received electromagnetic wave. In forest and indoor test trials that we conducted, the carrier-phase tracking stability is extremely high and the number of cycle slips is very much smaller compared to standard phase-locked loop (PLL) tracking. Furthermore, the numerical value of the slips is small, perhaps only one cycle. On the other hand, a received phase tracked indoors is influenced by all the possible complex propagation effects that may occur there. This complicates use of the received phase in positioning, and classical real time kinematic (RTK) positioning algorithms cannot be applied in a straightforward manner. However, a processing software that we used in our trials yields indoor positioning with about one-meter accuracy using only carrier phase data.


For solving the problem,in which the traditional space resection algorithm based on Euler angles depends strongly on the initial value,a solution which uses quaternions to describe attitude is presented.Firstly the unit quaternions are used to describe rotation matrix in the algorithm.Then the strict collinear equation is linearized,and at the same time it is calculated using iteration method according to indirect adjustment with constraints.The test proves that the reliability and stability of the algorithm are both independent of the image's initial values of position and attitude,and the algorithm possesses the advantages of fewer times in iteration,shorter time in solution and so on.


Introduces the study on warning indices for monitoring regional flood and waerlogging and that in drainage area scope, the monitoring system and its operation conditions in Guangxi. Based on which analyzes the prospect in applying GIS technology to the forecast evaluation of flood and waterlogging monitoring.


Traffic signal priority for buses is a work stream within Better Bus Area (BBA) 2012. All traffic signal installations in the Greater Norwich area were reviewed and appropriate works implemented with the aim of improving the reliability and punctuality of bus services. The following paper illustrates an existing, and new technique for delivering traffic signal priority.


Teaching abroad can be invaluable for professional development. With opportunities for British teachers in the Middle East increasing, Anne Keeling explores the options.


Abstract : Accurate prediction of hurricane tracks may require resolving the flow both within and around the storm. Since the spatial scales in these two regions differ substantially, uniform resolution is inherently inefficient: the grid should be refined only near the storm. This paper describes the performance of a barotropic model with an adaptive multi-grid scheme which automatically refines the mesh around the storm as it moves. The model is formulatedl on a section of the sphere using a Mercator projection. The model consists of a modified barotropic vorticity equation.


SYNOPSIS Three trials were set up to test five different field application rates of 10% carbosulfan to protect eucalypt transplants from termite attack. A standard nursery treatment was also included in the trials. Mortalities caused by termites in untreated trees in the three trials were 69%, 56% and 69%, 27 weeks after planting, while the mortalities of treated seedlings averaged 3%, 2% and 7%. Almost 100% drought-induced deaths were recorded in both treated and untreated trees in trials 1 and 2, 50 weeks after planting. 11% tree deaths due to termite attack in treated trees of trial 3 were recorded 47 weeks after planting compared with 74% in untreated trees. Field application rates of 0,5 g to 1,5 g active ingredient per tree, with planting hole sizes 1l or 2l, were highly effective in reducins termite deaths in planted Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. The standard nursery treatment of 0,35 g active ingredient per seedling was also effective though some phytotoxicity was recorded. The results clear...


Phytoplankton is one of the most rapid detectors of environmental changes. Pollution stress reduces the number of algal species but increases the number of individuals. Phytoplankton composition was assessed in 16 localities of the Sharavati River basin. A total of 216 species belonging to 59 genera (belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Desmidials, Chlorococcales, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Chrysophyceae) were recorded. During the sampling, 100, 117 and 110 species of phytoplanktons were recorded in collection-I, II and III respectively. Species composition was almost uniform in all the three collections. Species compositions as well as population of diatoms were more in streams, while that of desmids was more in reservoir water. Species diversity and species richness were not uniform in any of the stations and in any of the three collections. Various pollution indices showed the oligotrophic nature of the reservoir waters with slight organic pollution in stream waters.


Attributed to the rapid development of ecommerce, the demand for logistics is increasing day by day. In this context, modern warehousing technology with Multi-AGV Cooperation System (MACS) as the core came into being. The large-scale Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) can transport multiple cargos in a single task owing to its large load capacity and strong endurance, which makes it a trend to use large-scale AGV to transport cargos in indoor warehouses or outdoor parks. However, it should be noted that there are a series of problems, such as resource allocation and path conflict, when using teams of AGVs to perform multiple transportation tasks, and it is a challenging task to find an ideal task and path planning scheme for the scenario where multi-AGV perform multiple transportation tasks. In view of this, the present study proposed a multi-stage optimization method to effectively obtain the approximate optimal solution to solve the aforesaid problem. In this proposed method, a 0-1 integer linear programming model was constructed to solve the problem of assigning multiple transportation tasks to multiple AGVs in the first stage, and then in the second stage we planned the optimization sequence in which AGV passes through each pick-up/delivery location when performing multiple transportation tasks. In the third stage we solved the path planning problem of teams of AGVs moving to each target location without collision. In addition, simulation experiments were carried out, which verified that the proposed method can achieve superior performance in path distance and task completion time when performing multiple tasks.


Missing from educational studies on English learners (ELs) is an investigation of those students who succeed beyond minimum standards, defying the achievement gap. The research study presented in this article contributes to this area by examining the experiences and understandings of five middle school ELs who have demonstrated linguistic and academic success. These students are former ELs who once were in need of language support but have now exited from English as a Second Language (ESL) instructional services and are currently enrolled in advanced coursework. A basic qualitative approach was employed utilizing multiple student data sources including interviews and observations. In addition, two of each student's teachers were interviewed individually for the purposes of triangulation. This manuscript identifies areas of social support contributed to these students' success and discusses ways in which students understood and activated this support.


Throughout history, music education has had a privileged place in the training of people in the artistic and cultural field; this is why spaces devoted only to the practice and dissemination of music were created. One of these institutions, the Franz Liszt Conservatory of Music, is dedicated to the music education of children and young people, as well as the spread of music appreciation in society. For this reason, it is considered an icon among youth in the city of Quito. Every educational institution must have the adequate infrastructure for the development of activities and the proper formation of its students. Therefore, through a new interior proposal, the project presented involves the creation of different spaces that satisfy the aesthetic needs, functionality, ergonomics and technical requirements, in addition to unifying the different buildings already existing on the school is campus in order to integrate the space, creating better accessibility, circulation and recreational areas. By applying the concept, a classical piano, different forms, colors, textures and materials have been used in the design of spaces and furniture, creating areas where user is creativity is promoted. In spite of proposing a complete intervention in the space, the preservation of the classical typology of the building has been set as an objective because of the music history and the corporate identity that the Conservatory represents. In the same way, the existing architectural elements have been given a considerable attention, taking advantage of their characteristics and importance in the spatial organization such as the central courtyard. For the development of the design, user is needs have been considered, optimizing every detail that could affect their development in every activity that takes place at the Franz Liszt Conservatory of Music.


A variable speed pumped-storage hydroelectric generation device of the present invention is provided with: a variable speed hydroelectric generator motor which, in spite of being equipped with a frequency converter and having a rotor rotating at variable speeds, has a primary side synchronously connected to a commercial power system; and a pump turbine directly connected to the rotor of the variable speed hydroelectric generator motor to drive the same in a power generation mode or be driven by the same in a pumped-storage mode . When a slip frequency is within a normal operating range, the maximum change rate of a power output command is made constant. When the slip frequency is within a range lower than a lower limit value of the normal operating range by not more than a predetermined value, or within a range greater than an upper limit value of the normal operating range by not more than the predetermined value, the maximum change rate of the power output command is limited by being multiplied by a value in a range of 1 to 0 . When the slip frequency is within a range lower than the lower limit value by more than the predetermined value, or within a range greater than the upper limit value by more than the predetermined value, the maximum change rate of the power output command is limited by being multiplied by zero .


This paper addresses the integration of training content into serious games. Many possibilities exist for how to approach this process, but there are also many opportunities and consequences afforded by these various approaches. Prior literature in the field gives us some sense about how to approach them, but much of this literature is based on theory in instructional systems or game design separately. Serious game designers utilize some of this theory, but also rely on other methods and processes for completing these games. This practitioner perspective is the one we adopt in this paper. This paper reviews current approaches suggested in research on serious games, derives what that research means for studies of serious game practice, and describes a study of how learning content is transformed in serious games. This paper finds practitioners have a learning objective focus to game design aiding their choices of the right mechanics and representation, balancing fun and education, and evaluating the game. We find serious game designers also must deal with a number of organizational and other exogenous factors as well. This study provides an important contribution to the literature on serious game design from this practitioner perspective.


In planning any finance course an important consideration is its economic content. After all, financial decisions are invariably made in the context of both micro and macro uncertainty. The micro issues are often given extensive coverage in the form of models that optimize returns, cash flows, or credit choices, and the techniques needed to produce the required input for those models: ratio analysis, proforma statement preparation, and valuation frameworks such as the capital asset pricing model. Yet, the macro uncertainty is very often assumed away.


International Non-Governmental Organizations and the Business of Development: An examination of the Third-Sector's Programming Value in Zambia" By Glenn R. Shaw Numerous researchers have suggested that international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) remain inherently valuable to human development programming, yet some theorists express real concerns about many organizations' developmental usefulness. Guided by the hypothesis that INGOs do add value to development initiatives, but at a potential cost to their own autonomy, this study evaluates the donor/INGO relationship in Zambia between the Swedish development agency SID A and their partner Diakona, as well as the comparable relationship between USAID and their respective partner PACT. The study further inquires how development programming might be transformed or revised as a result of these relationships, and notes differences which exist between the donor's behaviour when dealing with INGOs, and whether these differences make for a more successful programming environment. Ultimately, the study finds that INGOs indeed add value, but can be, at times, influenced or even detrimental to development initiatives if not appropriately managed. May 06,2009 Acknowledgements Suffice to say there are countless individuals who contribute to a document of this kind. Were it possible, I would spend a further 120 pages naming all of those who guided me to this point of conclusion. Yet as always, a number of generous personalities particularly enabled my limited achievements, and so they are mentioned below. Please excuse any omissions however, and trust that it was not due to minimal assistance offered, but rather time that has minimized my powers of recollection. Rest assured, if you do remember me, than it is well likely that I indeed stand upon your shoulders. To my early professors, Dr. Sandra Alfody, Gerry Cameron, Dr. Owen Willis, to name just a few: Thank you so much for your tolerance and cultivation, you have built a foundation I will always have to lean on. To my classmates and colleagues: Your acceptance and charity in our many long discussions were not simply the wind in my sails, moreover they were often the sails themselves. To my Supervisor and Reader, Dr. John Devlin and Dr. Anthony O'Malley: Your humour, patience and persistence kept my head well above water when I was convinced that drowning was the best possible solution under the circumstances. And I am sure the desire to push my head under must have been suppressed on more than one occasion. Thank you for having the insurmountable strength to resist that very reasonable temptation, and for carrying me to safer waters. To my Mother, who gave me endurance, perseverance and a sound work ethic: I am forever in your gratitude. How often you stole from your very self, only to give to me. And finally, to my wonderful partner and closest friend Caitlin: Thank you for your conviction, your faith, your support and greatest of all, your love. You often found a way to make the most difficult moments the lightest. Just one of your numerous, remarkable qualities.


Introduction and overview to the collection of essays to the theme 'Constitutionalism and the Role of Parliaments'. The essays analyse the current and historic role of parliaments in relation to specific subject areas from a comparative perspective.


A 47-year-old patient G3P3 was referred to the urogynaecology clinic with a 6-month history of mixed stress and urge incontinence. A Kings quality of life questionnaire showed the main problem to be urge incontinence. A frequency/volume chart completed over 7 days showed 4 – 6 leaks each day (severe incontinence on patient global impression of severity PGI-S scoring) (Yalcin and Bump 2003). She got out of bed on 3 – 4 occasions each night to pass urine and every 2 h during the day. She used 4/5 pads each day. Her incontinence was socially very debilitating and she was housebound due to the severity of her incontinence. Pelvic floor exercises had offered no significant benefit. Her medical history included a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for menorrhagia at the age of 42. On examination, she had a moderate asymptomatic rectocele and a small cystocele. There were no pelvic masses. Urinalysis was unremarkable. Cystometry revealed detrusor overactivity (DO) with a maximum detrusor pressure of 60 cm H2O. This was associated with leakage. She voided 443 ml with a maximum flow of 29 ml/s and she emptied her bladder completely (Figure 1). There was no evidence of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). The patient was started on tolterodine 4 mg XL daily with no effect. She was then prescribed duloxetine hydrochloride 20 mg b.d., by another healthcare professional. She described her bladder as 95% better with almost total resolution of both her stress and urgency symptoms. Her patient global impression of improvement score (PGI-I) was 1 (very much better) (Yalcin and Bump 2003). She described mild non-troublesome constipation as the only side-effect of treatment. Her nocturia reduced to once or twice and she was able to resume normal daily activities, which involved leaving the house. Using the King's quality of life questionnaire, her severity measure reduced from 75 pretreatment to 0 post-treatment. The role limitation, physical limitation and social limitation measures reduced from 67, 67, 56 – all to 0. Follow-up cystometry revealed a stable bladder with no evidence of USI and normal voiding (Figure 2). She attempted to stop drug therapy 1 year after it was started but her symptoms recurred and she continues to take duloxetine.


Actuator cover is a more complicated bracket and acts as the protection casing of motor and gear inside actuator.For actuator cover design,modeling,parting and cavity design were carried out based on UG.Moldflow was used to optimize the product and finish the injection mould design.Practices have proven the research method improves the design accuracy effectively and reduces the mould development cost.


The paper aims at investigating the relationship between Regulatory and Supervisory effects on banks risk management. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed to six six principal regulators and supervisors to administered the activities of the financial institutions, with more emphasis on Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). A purposive sampling techniques was employed in the collection of the data. Both Chi-square and Z-Distribution were employed. The result show that there exist a relationship between Regulators and supervisors in reducing banks risk but a very weak correlation exist. Based on this fact finding it is recommended that the regulators needs to be more proactive and consolidate the strategy in ensuring a sound financial system.


It has been reported that phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor cilostazol, which is used as an antiplatelet drug, could ameliorate ischemic brain injury. We aimed to investigate how cilostazol affected permanent focal ischemia. Male Balb/c mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. They were treated with cilostazol (10- mg/kg or 20-mg/kg) or vehicle 30 min and 24 h post-ischemia, and the infarct volume was assessed 48 h post-ischemia. The animals treated with 20-mg/kg cilostazol or vehicle were sacrificed 6 h or 24 h post-ischemia, and then the immunohistochemistry was performed to the brain sections. We demonstrated that the treatment with 20- mg/kg cilostazol significantly reduced infarct volume (70.1% vs. vehicle group). Immunohistochemistry against 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (OHdG) showed that some neurons suffered from oxidative stress in peri-infarct 6 h post-ischemia. The treatment with cilostazol reduced the number of 8-OHdG-positive neurons significantly (65.8 ± 33.5% in vehicle group and 21.3 ± 9.9% in cilostazol group). Moreover, the number of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2-positive neurons was also reduced significantly (57.0 ± 13.6% in vehicle group and 26.5 ± 16.7% in cilostazol group). On the other hand, immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) showed that the number of the pCREB-positive neurons in peri-infarct of the cilostazol-treated animals was significantly higher than in vehicle-treated ones 24 h post-ischemia. These findings suggested that cilostazol could have multi-mechanisms to ameliorate the tissue damage, one was to attenuate oxidative stress by suppressing NOX2 on ischemic neurons, and another was anti-apoptotic effect through the pathway of Akt/pCREB.


Thank you very much for downloading be iron fit time efficient training secrets for ultimate fitness. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this be iron fit time efficient training secrets for ultimate fitness, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


This paper is an analysis of the rising and recurring incidents of professional misconduct among legal practitioners in Nigeria. It begins with an introductory part, which defines professional misconduct and highlights the offences for which a legal practitioner can be punished as provided in the Legal Practitioners Act. The paper does a sort of case review of unabated 21st century professional misconducts among legal practitioners. In the introductory part and the main body of the paper, we shall see some role that the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee (LPDC) of the Body of Benchers, the Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee (LPPC) and the Supreme Court of Nigeria have been playing in the discipline of legal practitioners in the country. The paper ends with a conclusion, and recommendations, which provide a roadmap for drastic reduction in professional misconduct among legal practitioners in the country so as to save the profession from further losing its confidence before the Nigerian public.


The invention relates to a cube-corner prism vertical type optical axis determining system and method. The system comprises a posture adjustment tool, a rotary platform, a prism frame, an internal focusing telescope, a light source, a CCD camera and a PC, wherein the posture adjustment tool is arranged on the rotary platform, a light source hole is formed in the center of the rotary platform, the light source is installed in the light source hole, the prism frame is fixed on the top surface of the rotary platform, the internal focusing telescope is arranged right above the prism frame and is connected with the CCD camera, the CCD camera receives image points of the internal focusing telescope, the other end of the CCD camera is connected with the PC, and a cube-corner prism is fixed in the prism frame. The cube-corner prism vertical type optical axis determining system and method solves the technical problem that a cube-corner prism optical axis determining method is unavailable currently. The cube-corner prism vertical type optical axis determining system is simple in structure.


The aim of this study is describing health impacts of the climate change through projected trends in climate-change-related health. The paper consists of three major structural parts. The priority of introduction part is to define direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human health, and to present the relevant relationship between global climate change and health. The second major part is an empirical chapter contains the most important results and experiences of different research projects to describe health vulnerability in Hungary. The final part contains some policy recommendations aiming to improve local adaptation to climate-change-related health.


In ANN terminology, the synaptic connections are the weights of the neural networks and can be seen as an interaction between neurons. In this paper, we consider two simple neurons which have both self-coupling and non-invertible activation functions. Our studies on these interactions lead to different dynamical behaviors of the network. We show that they can be used as a means of chaos generation or suppression to neuron's outputs when more adaptability or stability is required. This idea may be further used for chaos synchronization of neuron's outputs.


Process for effect monitoring of vehicle braking systems, particularly of rail vehicles, wherein the vehicle speed is determined at a braking request by the driver, the actual deceleration of the vehicle is determined, and Actual braking forces are determined on individual wheels or axles, characterized in that a) the actual deceleration b) the actual deceleration c) the actual brake power values d) actual slip values e) the actual slip values and f) is triggered a safety braking and / or one or bremskraftbegrenzende bremskraftreduzierende means ...


Low concentration photovoltaic/thermal technology (LCPV/T) can supply both heat and power. Meanwhile, it has the advantage of low cost and less land occupation, therefore, the LCPV/T technology is suitable for integrating with building. In this paper, the outdoor experiment of a LCPV/T system is carried in June 9th, 10th, 14th and 15th. And the system performance was measured. Furthermore, the variation of thermal and electric efficiencies was analyzed. (4) The maximum thermal efficiency of LCPV/T system is 61.55% (100L/h), the maximum electric efficiency is 19.41%.


We have developed new structured wavelength-conversion devices with stacked plates of β-BaB2O4 using the room-temperature bonding technique. The output beam quality is improved, while the generated UV power becomes lower when thinner plates are used.


In the western Marxist of the 20th century, the analyzing and understanding of Althusser to Marx's philosophy view is very radical. It is his key argument that emphasizing the thorough break between Marx's philosophy and the whole western philosophical tradition.


A volcanic cloud in the stratosphere, originating from the March to April 1982 eruptions of El Chichon, has been observed for about 2.5 years at Fukuoka (33.5 degrees N, 130.4 degrees E) with two wavelengths of Nd-YAG lidar, 1.06 and 0.53 microns. Time and height variabilities of the cloud are described, using the 1.06 microns data, and some results of the two-wavelength measurements are presented. A sudden enormous increase in the total aerosol backscattering from the stratosphere (backscattering coefficient for 1.06 microns integrated over 13.5 to 28.5 km range) was followed by a decrease from late spring to summer with large fluctuations. The cloud initially appeared stratified into two layers: the upper one with fine structure and sharp edges in the easterly wind region and the lower dumpy one in the westerly wind region. Most of the aerosols were contained in the upper layer. The two layers merged into a broad, single-peaked layer as the easterly prevailed in the whole region in fall, when the total aerosol backscattering began to increase. The layer then decreased its peak height as it broadened. The difference in shape of both layers and the increase of total backscattering from fall can be interpreted by the difference in velocity of material transport in the easterly and the westerly wind region.


The b physics plays an important role in testing the flavor dynamics of Standard Model (SM), exploring the source of CP violation, searching the indirect hints of new physics, investigating the underling mechanisms of QCD, and so forth and thus attracts much experimental and theoretical attention. With the successful performance of BABAR, Belle, CDF, and D0 in the past years, many B u,d,s meson decays have been well measured. Thanks to the ongoing LHCb experiment [1] at LHC and forthcoming Belle-II experiment [2] at SuperKEKB, experimental analysis of B meson decays is entering a new frontier of precision. By then, besides B u,d,s


In terms of its mission, the control is an inherent part of management, being a specifically human activity, especially useful serving both the management, business partners, public institutions and public. Especially in the last period, amid the economic and financial crisis manifested in recent years, the control has evolved and evolving both by the improvement of organization and management systems and by the response to continuous development of the environment in which it operates. The control activities are an integral part of the management process by which the entity aims to achieve their objectives. The research methodology consists essentially in a literature review and recent regulations in the analyzed field.The objective of this study is to highlight the way in which shall be communicated the deficiencies of internal control systems, to the persons responsible for their governance, inclusively in the banking system.


For batter evaluation of the vertigo syndrome the vestibular clinical index was introduced. It was the sum of all vestibular examinations results. The index facilitated the evaluation of the clinical status and is good for documentation and statement.


: T he article aims at presenting the philosophy and model of the development vehicle to be under - stood as a new concept and tool to investigate and program local and regional development processes. The practical issues covered by the article include the identification and discovery of development vehi - cles, the elements of which can be observed in Polish metropolitan areas and agglomerations.


We propose a head-tracking autostereoscopic display system based on magnetic-sensor tracking of the viewer's side-to-side location, and optical slewing of a stereoscopic image-pair array projected onto a lenticular screen so as to keep the images received by the viewer's eyes distinct. Viewer distance changes are accommodated by slight magnification changes of the projected image array. A high-definition-TV LCD projector is used with a 178-cm (70-in.) lenticular sheet (diagonal measurement) to provide impressive computer-generated 3-D images over a particularly wide viewing zone. The system finds application in a virtual-space teleconferencing system that requires a large-scale stereoscopic display without the use of special viewing glasses.


The amplitude source location (ASL) method, which uses high‐frequency amplitudes based on the assumption of isotropic radiation of S waves, was tested with envelope waveforms simulated from depth‐dependent scattering and attenuation structures at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. Our test results indicate that estimated ASLs are more accurate when a two‐layer attenuation model is used than when a homogenous attenuation model is used, as has commonly been done in previous studies. We applied the ASL method with a two‐layer attenuation model to the high‐frequency (5‐10 Hz) band of volcanotectonic (VT) earthquakes, long‐period (LP) and very long period (VLP) events, and tremor recorded in 2016 at Nevado del Ruiz. Results indicate that the differences between ASLs and VT earthquake hypocenters (determined using onset arrival times) were smaller for a two‐layer model compared to a homogeneous model. Our determined ASLs for LP and VLP events and tremor were distributed along a NW‐dipping plane beneath the summit crater, near and above a region with high P to S wave velocity ratios that has been interpreted as shallow magma storage. This plane may represent weak zones along the Palestina fault system. Our results suggest that LP and VLP events and tremor occur during magma ascent along the fault system. This study demonstrates that the ASL method with a depth‐dependent attenuation model is useful to improve the accuracy of estimated source locations for volcanoseismic signals.


The Sucevita catchment is affected by heavy rains, which produce annual floods with catastrophic effects. Among them, the material damages caused to the dwellings of Marginea village stand out. The present study examines the vulnerability of the population and buildings of a village situated in the eastern part of the Eastern Carpathians. By applying the multicriteria method, areas with high flood vulnerability were pointed out in the Sucevita catchment. Hydraulic modelling was carried out using the HEC‐RAS software and revealed that 58 dwellings with high vulnerability will be affected in the case of a flood with an exceedance probability of 1% and 17 buildings in the case of a flood with an exceedance probability of 5%. By knowing the flood vulnerability zones, the appropriate measures can reduce the damages of a hydrological event. Moreover, the proper delimitation of the floodplain leads to adequate economic management and ensures the security of the population.


EVIL DAYS FOR THE CAPITAL P rince A modo was one of the grandchildren of Ajampati the twin brother of King A jagbo . He came to the throne at a time when the kingdom was distracted by anarchy and confusion. The Fulanis having an eye on the capital of Yoruba-land, but not being confident enough to make an attack on the city whilst there were so many powerful chiefs in the land, who might suddenly return to their allegiance, were using prudence and astuteness to spread the disaffection. They were fanning the flames of discord by allying themselves with one or other of the chiefs known to be rebellious against their lawful sovereign. None of the provincial kings now paid tribute to O y o or acknowledged the authority of the King. He was virtually King of the capital only. In order to have a powerful friend and ally in whom he could confide in time of emergency, King A modo made an alliance with Lanloke the chief of Ogodo, a market town, at the confluence of the river Niger, where Yorubas and Tapas met for an exchange of merchandise. Ogodo was originally a Tapa town, but subsequently the Yoruba population predominated, nearly all the children of influential O y o chiefs resided there permanently for the purpose of trade. King A modo cemented and strengthened this alliance by giving his daughter to Lanloke to wife, and treating him as an independent sovereign.


When there is no shooting, a zero voltage is applied to the control unit a shield plate to a darkened lens film, a light blocking state to set capable of scattering incident light, and to prevent the camera lens is seen. When an operator presses a photographing mode selection key, the control unit is applied to the film a predetermined dimming voltage to a light transmission state, thereby activating the photographing is performed. In this state, when photographing a landscape, so that the operator pointing the camera objective lens, a cellular telephone set, by observing an object image displayed on the main display unit, and corrects the position of the cellular phone, and press again the camera mode button.


There are some common problems of information systems. For example: The system workflows don't not match actual business process. The data are not standard. System don't meet the technical document, ect. In the paper, we put forward the concept of "Information System Professional Auditing", then we define its connotation and extension. We point out its objectives, targets, contents, basis, methods, tools, strategies, organization, process, result and effect. The theory has been practiced on 28 information systems in a government department, and has got good results. Index Terms Information System Professional Auditing; Research; Practice.


Abstract : Efforts continued on reliability testing and analysis and device processing modification. A production run has been initiated to demonstrate the reliability achieved as a result of the process improvements which had been implemented. The life test results obtained to date are included. A preliminary evaluation of the improved reliability is provided. The failure analysis procedure followed during the program is described. The results of failure analysis on both high temperature storage and operating life are given. A comparison is made between the failure mechanisms on product produced prior to and during the initial phase of the production run. An acceleration curve for high temperature storage life tests has been established. However, acceleration curves for operating life tests and a correlation between operating and storage life tests has not been established. Preliminary work leading to further studies in this area is reviewed. The results of mechanical and environmental tests are presented. A study of variables data before and after testing is included. (Author)


The present invention provides an extended spherical LNG storage tank, installed on an LNG tanker, and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the junctions between a connection tank part and upper and lower tank parts are configured as smooth parts, thus increasing the LNG storage capacity of the tank and mitigating stress concentration on the junctions, and the connection tank part is constructed by integrating a plurality of plates into a single structure, thus increasing work efficiency while fabricating the connection tank part and thereby enabling quick and easy production of the LNG storage tanks. In the extended spherical LNG storage tank, which includes the upper and lower tank parts, each having a predetermined radius of curvature R, and the connection tank part provided between the upper and lower tank parts so as to increase the LNG storage capacity of the tank, the connection tank part is defined by a circular arc or a parabola C3, which is circumscribed with two circles Cl and C2, which define the upper tank part and the lower tank part, respectively, outside the two circles Cl and C2.


The ability to emplace stand-alone payloads in hostile territory has long been on the wish list of US warfighters. This type of activity is often conducted at great danger. We have developed a capability for automated payload placement from unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) using the Automatic Payload Deployment System (APDS) that can greatly reduce this danger. For example, payloads equipped with a radio repeater and a camera can be deployed to support the securing of tunnels, caves, and other previously cleared areas. Example battlefield applications may include delivering food, ammunition, and medical supplies to the warfighter. Covert operations may require the unmanned emplacement of a network of sensors for human-presence detection, or infrared illuminators at high-interest locations. The APDS architecture is extremely modular, allowing third-party developers to produce these capabilities, and more, for a wide variety of unmanned vehicles. APDS design and demonstrations will be discussed in this paper.


Greg Germino, M.D., NIDDK, NIH Ziya Kirkali, M.D., NIDDK, NIH Urinary stone disease (USD) is an important and increasingly common problem. It is the most expensive urological condition, with annual medical costs of approximately $10 billion. Nonmonetary burdens to patients such as pain and loss of quality of life also are enormous. In the United States, 1 in 11 individuals have USD. In the last 15 years, the rate has doubled in men as has the rate of admittance for USD to emergency departments. According to the NIDDK-funded study Urological Diseases in America, USD prevalence has increased by 50 percent in the past decade. Obesity and diabetes are associated with USD, and these conditions also are increasing in prevalence. USD is most common in Whites and in men, although USD prevalence is growing in all races and both sexes. Recurrence is common with USD, with one in three USD patients having two or more stone episodes.


The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of substituting fish meal with single cellprotien (SCP) in artificial pellated diet for the selected fish species. The ornamental fishes such as Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpia, Helostoma temminckii, Catla catla, and Pecilia sphenops, were selected to get the gut micro flora for scp. Fish feed was prepared with five different microbial cells with various origins. Furthermore, denitrogen fixing Azotobacter and antagonistic Streptomyces were selected from the medicinal plants on the rhizosphere samples. In order to understand the food conversion efficiency and food conversion ratio in the ornamental fish, Xyphophorus helleri fish feed were prepared with five different microbial cells and the control feed was without the microbial cells. The total protein concentration was estimated for all the feed systems by lowry's method The rate of feeding of six fishes in each trough varied on every day. The highest rate of feeding was noticed in feed 4 and minimum in feed 2 among the microbial feeds. Feed conversion ratio and conversion efficiency revealed wider variations. The microorganism is also called as bio proteins and they could synthesize growth honnrones and vitamins. From the present observations this may be the reason for better growth rate in fish feed on single cell protein diet and have the protective mechanisms against pathogenic infections. lt is a promising area of research on Microbial Biotechnology and Aquaculture.


The holographic recording and reconstruction of a plane transparency is discussed in the paraxial approximation for an arbitrary located and oriented, for arbitrary angles between object and reference beams. Generalized relation of Fresnel diffraction for reconstruction is given. Some charcteristics of imaging relation are also discussed.


The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-related variations in the perception of the duration of emotional stimuli (human faces). Twenty male and 20 female participants estimated the duration of angry, ashamed and neutral faces marking 0.4 to 1.6 s intervals. Female faces were used in one session, and male faces in the other. Compared to the angry faces condition, intervals were underestimated when ashamed faces were shown. However, the intervals in neither conditions were significantly overestimated or underestimated compared to the neutral condition. Even more critical is the fact that there was an underestimation by male participants of the duration of male faces compared to female faces; and female participants overestimated the duration in the anger condition, compared with the shame condition, only when male faces were presented. Moreover, the emotional effects on the participants' performance were correlated to inter-individual differences in empathic abilities. The findings are discussed in terms of sex differences, of social context, and of how attention is solicited and arousal generated by emotions.


The aim of this paper is to highlight the close relationship between mechanical work (J) values and functional status of the spine expressed by clinical signs such as regional pain and mobility. The group of participants is heterogeneous, consisting of 11 people who perform office work for 8 hours a day as employees of a software company. All are clinically healthy but experience temporary pain or discomfort during or at the end of the work schedule and during daily activities that involve low intensity physical exertion. They benefited from the 10 sessions of the program designed to measure, assess and enhance the statokinetic function of the spine for prevention purposes using BackFix technology. The research findings reveal an important connection between the evolution of test results and clinical manifestations.


Hot fire training scenarios are being refined to get firefighters as close as possible to the 'real thing', writes Neil Wallington, Public Sector Fire Brigades Advisor to IFTE plc.


This thesis sets forth Zhangjiajie physiognomy forms the 4th century since 2.5MaBP, now it is on the stage of youthful evolvement. Its formation basis is the clay rock which is thick layer, hard, the shape is gentle, vertical development and quartz. The cause of formation is the new structure rising of the earth's crust and the erosion and denudation of the external force. The formation mechanism is the flowing water trace to the source erosion-rock collapse-ancient slope withdrawal. It will evolve to the direction of low hills to wrecking hills, but it will be a long term physiognomy process.


In this paper we study restrictions imposed on individual preferences, as opposed to preference profiles, and we introduce individual preference restrictions that characterize the existence and uniqueness of stable hedonic coalition structures on rich preference domains. We prove that if such a preference domain satisfies an individual preference restriction then it guarantees the existence of a stable coalition structure if and only if it satisfies Intersection Restriction. Intersection Restriction requires that the intersection of any two strongly individually rational coalitions is ranked weakly above at least one of them. We also present a similar characterization result for the uniqueness of a stable coalition structure by the individual preference restrictions of Superset Restriction and Strong Intersection Restriction. Superset Restriction is satisfied if a strongly individually rational coalition that is ranked above another one is always a superset of the latter, while Strong Intersection Restriction requires that the intersection of any two strongly individually rational coalitions is ranked weakly above both coalitions.


Beginning with the launch of the European Columbus module planned for December 2007, we approach a transition in the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) that is of great importance for the sciences. During the following 18 months, we will operate the first experiments in Columbus physical science resource facilities and also launch and commission the Japanese Kibo module. In addition, two Multi-purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) flights will deliver the U.S. Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) and Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) along with their first science experiments. These facilities provide significant new capabilities for basic and applied physical science research in microgravity. New life support technologies will come online throughout 2008, and we will reach the milestone of a 6-person crew planned for April 2009. A larger crew enables significant more scientific use of all the facilities for the life of ISS. Planning for the use of the International Space Station as a national laboratory is also maturing as we near the completion of assembly, enabling access to ISS as a research platform for other government agencies and the private sector. The latest updates on National Laboratory implementation will also be provided in this presentation. At the same time as these significant increases in scientific capability, there have been significant ongoing accomplishments in NASA's early ISS research both exploration related and fundamental research. These accomplishments will be reviewed in context as harbingers of the capabilities of the International Space Station when assembly is complete. The Vision for Space Exploration serves to focus NASA's applied investigations in the physical sciences. However, the broader capability of the space station as a National Laboratory and as a nexus for international collaboration will also influence the study of gravity-dependent processes by researchers around the world.


Biomass derived fuels are preferred as alternative fuels for IC engine due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. In the present work, the complete replacement of diesel fuel with bio-fuels is studied, where the bio-fuels, namely, methyl ester of palm kernel oil and eucalyptus oil were chosen and used as fuel in the form of blends. Various proportions of palm kernel oil and eucalyptus oil are prepared on a volume basis and used as fuels in a single cylinder, fourstroke DI diesel engine, to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels. In the present investigation a methyl ester derived from palm kernel oil is considered as an ignition improver. The results show a 50% reduction in smoke, 34% reduction in HC emissions and a 37.5% reduction in CO emissions for the MePKo50-Eu50 blend with a 2.7% increase in NOx emission at full load. There was a 2.6% increase in brake thermal efficiency for the MePKo50-Eu50 blend at full load. The characteristics of Me PKo-Eu blends are comparable with those of standard diesel.


Appressoria of Erysiphe graminis conidia produced a second lobe within 23 hr after the first lobe failed to penetrate a host cell. How penetration from the second lobe was affected by the inaccessible state of host cells enhanced by the prior-attack of the first lobes of the same appressoria was examined in this study. When the second lobes attempted penetration of host cells in which a papilla had been formed by the previous attack of the first lobes of the same appressoria, penetration efficiency (rate of haustorium formation) of the second lobes was prominently low (about 9% on average). Moreover, penetration efficiency of the second lobes in cells adjacent to the cells where a papilla had been induced by the first lobes of the same appressoria was about 30%, when the second attempted penetration was less than 9.00 hr after the first attempted penetration. When the interval between the times of penetration attempt of both lobes was more than 9.00 hr, the penetration efficiency of the second was reduced drastically (about 7%). These results led us to assume that the cellular condition that results from the attempted penetration of the first lobe is transferred to the adjacent cells after an interval of about 9.00 hr. This assumption was confirmed by transferring germinating conidia onto cells adjacent to the cells previously attacked by the first lobes of untransferred conidia. These results suggest that the second lobes consequently escape the highly inaccessible state enhanced by the prior-attack of the first lobes simply by attempting penetration of adjacent cells before they turn highly inaccessible.


Objective: To examine the associations of individual and combined low-risk lifestyle practices, including non-smoking, engaging in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (≥150 min/week), ...


The Power Systems Development group at SLAC has developed an improved design for the H-bridge switch plates of the High Voltage Converter Modulators at the Spallation Neutron Source. This integral modulator component has been identified as the source of numerous modulator faults. This paper presents the design and implementation of the alternative switch plate, which is based upon press-pack IGBTs.


In a series of articles published over the last decade, Adrian Vermeule has established himself as one of the smartest and most interesting theorists of statutory interpretation in the American legal academy. His new book uses the insights of those articles to advance a striking thesis: judges interpreting federal statutes (and, for that matter, the Constitution itself) should do much less work than most of them currently do. In Vermeule's words, "judges should sharply limit their interpretive ambitions, in part by limiting themselves to a small set of interpretive sources and a restricted range of relatively wooden decision-rules" (p 4). As this formulation suggests, Vermeule revels in the counterintuitive. On occasion, indeed, readers may well wonder whether he is more interested in persuading them or in provoking them. But the book has all the virtues of the articles that form its backbone. Its analysis is dispassionate and incisive. Its sources are wide-ranging, reflecting the remarkable breadth of Vermeule's intellectual interests and attainments. And its exposition-especially as compared to other academic writing-is downright beautiful. While some of Vermeule's prescriptions are unlikely to win adherents, confronting his logic will help readers better understand the premises of their own preferred approaches.


I. INTRODUCTION In January of 2008, Shepard Fairey used a photograph of Barack Obama as a reference work when creating what came to be known as the "Hope Poster." (1) The Associated Press ("AP"), the owner of the copyright in the photograph, demanded compensation from Fairey, who had used the photograph without permission. When negotiations broke down, Fairey initiated litigation, seeking a declaratory judgment that he had not engaged in copyright infringement. Two years later, the parties settled the suit. The authors of this Article were involved in the litigation in various ways. Fairey was one of the principals. Meir Feder, William Fisher, Edwin Fountain, and Geoffrey Stewart were among the lawyers who represented Fairey pro bono. (2) Frank Cost and Marita Sturken served as expert witnesses for Fairey. (3) This Article sets forth the authors' thoughts about the case. Although all of the authors believe that Fairey's legal position was stronger than that of the AP, the purpose of the Article is not to defend that belief. Rather, the Article aspires to derive from the case some insights into the increasingly complex intersection of art, technology, and law. Part II lays the foundation for the analysis by summarizing the facts of the case, the history of the litigation, and the arguments advanced by the two primary parties. Part III then offers a series of reflections. II. THE CASE A. Facts (4) Shepard Fairey is a graphic artist. He received his formal training at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he took several courses in photography and screen printing. After graduating, he worked as a screen printer, designer, and illustrator. He divided his time between graphic design projects commissioned by clients and his own art, deriving most of his income from the former. For several years, he struggled financially. In recent years, however, he has been able to support himself through his work as an artist. Today, he is a part owner of three businesses that have grown out of his work: Obey Giant Art, Inc., which distributes Fairey's graphic art; Obey Giant LLC, which licenses Fairey's art for use on apparel and merchandise; and Studio Number one, a commercial graphic design firm. Together, these companies have approximately fifteen employees. Much of Fairey's art has been characterized by two related traits. First, it has a distinctive aesthetic, which Fairey has described as a "bold iconic style that is based on stylizing and idealizing images." (5) Second, since approximately 1990, much of Fairey's art has been overtly political in character. Many of his images criticize, typically through caricature, prominent politicians; others explore the power of propaganda; others celebrate musicians or counterculture figures; others advance causes, such as environmentalism or privacy protection. (6) Fairey sometimes licenses his designs to third parties. one of those licensees, OBEY Clothing, Inc., applies Fairey's artwork to sweatshirts, t-shirts, coffee mugs, and so forth. Fairey typically receives from OBEY Clothing a royalty of 4.5% of the gross revenues generated through sales of those goods. The AP is a "news cooperative, owned by its American newspaper and broadcast members." (7) The AP has approximately 3,700 employees. (8) The primary objective of the AP, in its own words, is to provide "a truthful, unbiased report of the world's happenings." (9) In keeping with that broad statement of principle, the AP states as a fundamental value that "AP pictures must always tell the truth. We do not alter or digitally manipulate the content of a photograph in any. way." (10) Mannie Garcia is a professional photojournalist who has worked for a variety of wire services. In April 2006, he was working for the AP. Through his work with wire services, Garcia has been able to acquire so-called "hard credentials," which enable him to cover news events at the White House, Congress, the Pentagon, and other restricted venues. …


An approach for the reliability assessment of subsea pipelines against on-bottom lateral instability is presented in this work. Combined stresses/lateral displacement acting on offshore pipelines due to combined hydrodynamic loads including wave/current effects are computed using a non-linear finite element model. The model takes into account the effect of pipe–soil interaction. The resulting combined pipe stresses/lateral displacement are used as input for reliability assessment. Probabilities of pipeline overstress/lateral movement due to hydrodynamic loading are computed using a finite element reliability code. First-/second-order reliability methods are used for computation of safety indices. These values are then compared with target safety levels as set in pipeline design codes. Three case studies for actual pipelines off the shore of Egypt are analysed using the proposed approach. Results show that computed safety levels are within the target values. The proposed approach can be a valuable tool for the pipeline designer/operator for assessment of pipeline safety and reliability with respect to on-bottom stability.


This paper proposes a power management strategy to control a hybrid stand-alone system that consists of a renewable source (photovoltaic) and storage devices (battery, fuel cell). To optimize the power management strategy, power cost of storage devices should be minimized and the lifetime of storage devices should be maximized. A number of operation mode changes may significantly reduce the lifetime of storage devices. Based on a conventional strategy considering the power cost, the proposed strategy is developed to reduce operation mode change. A simulation model for the hybrid system has been developed using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation studies have been achieved to compare the conventional strategy with the proposed one


For the first step to explore the biological characteristics of NMTs during vertebrate's embryogenesis, we concentrated on zebrafish as a useful model of higher organisms. By in silico analysis of amino acid sequences, we found that zebrafish NMT1 (zNMT1) and zNMT2 which are translated from nmt1a and nmt2 genes had high homology to human or mouse NMT1 and NMT2, respectively. Expression analysis of nmt1a and nmt2 by RT-PCR and RNA blotting revealed that both genes were expressed during early development, and nmt2 expression was major initial developmental stages. Inhibition of zNMTs by 2-hydoroxymyristic acid (2-OHMyr) at early development resulted in embryonic lethal. Morpholino antisense oligo against nmt1a caused development arrest in early epiboly stage. Those results suggest that zNMTs are necessary for development after early epiboly stage. The recombinant zNMT1 was then prepared and its N-myristoyltransferases activity was confirmed. Finally, we analyzed expression of zNMT1 proteins in embryos at several developmental stages, and found that low molecular weight zNMT1 (29 kDa), which included N-terminal part of zNMT1, appeared specifically during embryonic development. Expression of full length zNMT1 fused to myc-His tag at its C-terminal resulted in production of low molecular weight protein (35 kDa). Detection of intact NMTs in protein extract from early embryos showed that there existed low molecular weight NMTs with substrate binding activity. From these findings, we concluded that zNMTs, like mammalian one, are also essential for zebrafish development, and low molecular weight zNMT1 appeared specifically in early developmental stage. Those isoforms might play important role in developmental processes in early embryos.


Airports play a crucial role in mitigation of seismic-induced disasters, being key elements in rescue operations after an earthquake. Under earthquake loading, various airport components can be damaged because of the ground shaking. It is well known that seismic amplification of ground motion at the surface is strongly influenced by geotechnical properties of the soil deposits. In this paper, the spatial variability of ground amplification is assessed with reference to an international airport in Northern Italy. Homogeneous zones from a seismic geotechnical viewpoint were identified at the airport and, for each zone, stochastic ground response analyses carried out.


With that she heard some one close by her side Sighing and sobbing sore, as if the paine Her tender hart in peeces would diuide: Which she long listning, softly askt againe What mister wight it was that so did plaine? To whom thus aunswer'd was: Ah wretched wight That seekes to know anothers griefe in vaine, Vnweeting of thine owne like haplesse plight: Selfe to forget to mind another, is ouersight.


. Let ϕ : C n → R be a C 2 plurisubharmonic function on C n . Suppose that there exist C 1 , C 2 > 0 such that sup C n | ¯ ∂∂ϕ | < C 1 and H ϕ ( ξ, ξ )( z ) ≥ C 2 | ξ | 2 for ξ ∈ R 2 n and z ∈ C n , where H ϕ ( ξ, ξ )( z ) is the real Hessian of ϕ at z . We prove L p,ϕ estimates for ¯ ∂ on C n for all p ∈ [1 , ∞ ] . Moreover, by using the estimates for ¯ ∂ , we characterize boundedness and compactness of Hankel operators with anti-holomorphic symbols on generalized Fock spaces on C n .


ABSTRACT Principles described previously have been applied to the production of the semiconducting compound InSb, conveniently and reliably, with uncompensated donor densities of about 1014/cm2. Details of the apparatus and method are given, and the factors limiting the purity to this level are considered.


Background Hospital emergency departments play a crucial role in the initial management of suspected COVID-19 infection. We aimed to characterise patients attending emergency departments with suspected COVID-19, including subgroups based on sex, ethnicity and COVID-19 test results. Methods We undertook a mixed prospective and retrospective observational cohort study in 70 emergency departments across the United Kingdom (UK). We collected presenting data from 22446 people attending with suspected COVID-19 between 26 March 2020 and 28 May 2020. Outcomes were admission to hospital, COVID-19 result, organ support (respiratory, cardiovascular or renal), and death, by record review at 30 days. Results Adults were acutely unwell (median NEWS2 score 4) and had high rates of admission (67.1%), COVID-19 positivity (31.2%), organ support (9.8%) and death (15.9%). Children had much lower rates of admission (27.4%), COVID-19 positivity (1.2%), organ support (1.4%) and death (0.3%). Adult men and women presented in similar numbers (10210 versus 10506), but men were more likely to be admitted (72.9% v 61.4%), require organ support (12.2% v 7.7%) and die (18.7% v 13.3%). Black or Asian adults tended to be younger than White adults (median age 54, 50 and 67 years), were less likely to be admitted (60.8%, 57.3%, 69.6%) or die (11.9%, 11.2%, 16.8%), but were more likely to require organ support (15.9%, 14.3%, 8.9%) or have a positive COVID-19 test (40.8%, 42.1%, 30.0%). Adults admitted with confirmed COVID-19 had similar age and comorbidities (except chronic lung disease) to those who did not have COVID-19 confirmed, but were much more likely to need organ support (22.2% v 8.9%) or die (32.7% v 15.9%). Conclusions Important differences exist between patient groups presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19. People with confirmed COVID-19 have a poor prognosis, compared with similar emergency admissions without confirmed COVID-19.


Human Activity Recognition (HAR) allows healthcare specialists to obtain clinically useful information about a person's mobility. When characterizing immobile states with a smartphone, HAR typically relies on phone orientation to differentiate between sit, stand, and lie. While phone orientation is effective for identifying when a person is lying down, sitting and standing can be misclassified since pelvis orientation can be similar. Therefore, training a classifier from this data is difficult. In this paper, a hierarchical classifier that includes the transition phases into and out of a sitting state is proposed to improve sit-stand classification. For evaluation, young (age 26 ± 8.9 yrs) and senior (age 73 ± 5.9yrs) participants wore a Blackberry Z10 smartphone on their right front waist and performed a continuous series of 16 activities of daily living. Z10 accelerometer and gyroscope data were processed with a custom HAR classifier that used previous state awareness and transition identification to classify immobile states. Immobile state classification results were compared with (WT) and without (WOT) transition identification and previous state awareness. The WT classifier had significantly greater sit sensitivity and F-score (p<;0.05) than WOT. Stand specificity and F-score for WT were significantly greater than WOT for seniors. WT sit sensitivity was greater than WOT for the young population, though not significantly. All outcomes improved for the young population. These results indicated that examining the transition period before an immobile state can improve immobile state recognition. Sit-stand classification on a continuous daily activity data set was comparable to the current literature and was achieved without the use of computationally intensive feature spaces or classifiers.


One of the most significant problems of detecting communities in networks is the lack of prior knowledge about the number of communities. Here we proposed a correlation spectral mapping based adaptive community detection (CSMACD) algorithm, which employs the concept of the well-known modularity value and the Eigenspectrum of the correlation matrix to automatically detect the network's community structure. Extensive tests on both artificial and real-world networks demonstrate the competitive performance of CSMACD compared to other state-of-the-art community detection algorithms, especially when one has to discover the structure of fuzzy and multi-scale networks.


The dibutyl phthalate(DBP),Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP),diisononyl phthalate(DINP) has been selected as test subjects.Detection method for the plasticizer in Chinese liquor was got by improving the conditions of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Six different packaging liquor samples were used for testing the methods.Test results showed that DBP concentration was 2.03mg/kg,while both DEHP and DINP content within the limited range.


The article is devoted to investigation of the problem of diagnosing competitive advantages of agricultural enterprise. The purpose of the article: deepening scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations on the development of a methodology for diagnosing the competitive advantages of an agricultural enterprise, which does not occupy a dominant position in the industry market. To assess competitive advantages, a method based on the theory of effective competition was used. Based on the peculiarities of the industry it is proposed to conduct diagnostics of competitive advantages from the position of market structure analysis, taking into account not only the peculiarities of the enterprise in terms of industry specificity, but also a type of market structure in the following areas: competitive advantages in the financial sphere, competitive advantages in the field of production, competitive advantages of personnel potential, market advantages of the enterprise. To assess the competitive advantages of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, it is proposed a methodical approach, which is to compare the enterprise's estimates with industry average values using the economic-mathematical function of Harrington's desirability. The proposed methodical approach, which was tested on the example of a private agricultural enterprise 'Vil'ne', allows you to quickly and objectively see the company's place in the industry market and eliminates duplication of individual indicators. The results of the analysis and assessment of competitive advantages enable the company to respond in a timely manner to identified problems by making adjustments to the developed competitive strategy.


Based on previous research, the ethanolic extract of the Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe plant has cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shrimps Lethality test. Therefore, further tested the anticancer activity of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from V. foetida leaves in vitro on L1210 leukemia cells using the direct cell count method with positive control doxorubicin. The results showed that the methanol extract, fraction of butanol fraction, ethyl acetate, and hexane, as well as isolated compounds Tb1 from fraction of hexane, Tb2 from fraction of ethyl acetate, and Tb3 from fraction of butanol leaves from V. foetida, had IC50 values of 4,4; 9; 8,4; 16,8; 0,9; 1,8; and 1,1 μg/mL, while doxorubicin has an IC50 value of 0.2 μg/mL. Based on the IC50 value, it showed that the extract, fraction, and isolated compound from Voacanga foetida leave had a strong cytotoxic effect as evidenced by the IC50 value < 20 μg/mL (extract and fraction) and < 4 μg/mL (isolate) for each test concentration.


Abstract : A magnetic study has been carried out in the temperature range 1.2-25 K and magnetic field range 0 to 50 kOe on single crystals of manganese (II) phthalocyanine. At higher temperatures the magnetic properties of manganese (II) phthalocyanine exhibit chain-like characteristics which may be understood in terms of ferromagnetic Heisenberg intrachain exchange of S = 3/2 ions with a weak antiferromagnetic interchain interaction. In the ordered state, Tc, = 8.3 K, MnPc is a canted ferromagnet with easy axes of magnetization being along X1 and X3 directions. A zero-field splitting of the single ion 4A2 state of the manganese (II) ion gives rise to canted ferromagnetism which does not show complete saturation at the high field range of these experiments (50 kOe). The spin structure of manganese (II) phthalocyanine at low temperature is discussed. (Author)


The compounds, C21H27N4O3(L1) and C21H27N7(L2), is a tripodal Schiff base that was obtained from the reaction of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) and furan-2-carbaldehyde and pyrole- 2- carbaldehyde. The tripodal Schiff bases and their oxovanadium complexes have been characterized on the basis of the results of the elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectroscopic studies FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV–Vis, ESR, magnetic moment and thermal analysis (TGA). Job's method of continuous variation shows 3:2 metal to ligand ratio.