Homogenisation is necessary to take into account micro-mechanical aspects of materials for the simulation of engineering structures without resorting to intractable (and usually unknown), fully microscopic descriptions (see [1] for instance). All homogenisation methods rely on the assumption of scale separability. In the absence of a clear separation of scales, homogenisation methods fail to predict the overall behaviour of the structure. Typically, the overall response of the structure becomes stochastic, being strongly affected by the micro-scale uncertainties. The homogenisation method can even fail to predict the expectation of the overall response. In practice, a loss of separation of scales is observed in regions where the spatial variations of the macroscopic gradients are of large amplitude compared to the characteristic size of the microstructure. We propose an approach to quantify the separation of scales in stochastic homogenisation applied to linearised elasticity. To do so, we first define the conditions for homogenisation to be applicable. First, we define conditions for the homogenisation problem to deliver an acceptable solution with respect to the underlying stochastic micro-field. The output of the computation should be close to the expectation of the corresponding microscopic quantity, and its variance should be close to zero. In order to quantify these two statements, we propose an extension of the model error technique, presented and extended notably in [2,3,4], which proposes to evaluate the influence of model assumptions on the quality of the results without ever solving the underlying, intractable "assumption-free" problem. In our context, we show that the microscopic uncertainties can be approximately propagated to the output by solving a deterministic, homogeneous sensitivity problem. More precisely, upper and lower bounds for the expectation and variance of the stochastic output are obtained by local manipulations of the deterministic solutions together with the expectation and covariance function of the stochastic field. We show the efficiency of the method both in terms of computational effort and effectivity by solving problems involving stress singularities, where the separation of scales is notoriously absent.


Civil society organisations situated as a political pressure element, could affect the government's policies. The study scrutinises the imam hatip high schools from the civil society aspect. High schools are educational facilities that have been the focus of numerous discussions throughout the Turkish Republic period and that have not fallen off the agenda with ever-changing practices in their historical perspective. This study aims to present the approaches of the civil society organisations towards the institutional entities of imam hatip high schools and imam hatip high schools' vocational high school status. Additionally, it aims to demonstrate the similarities and differences of these approaches via civil society organisations' own publications. In this qualitative multiple case study research, the data is collected via maximum variation sampling among the civil society organisations, whose approaches towards formal, vocational religious education are evaluated under two main themes. These themes are named as: 'existing in a secular country'; and 'rethinking the status of imam hatips as vocational high schools'. According to the study, it has been identified that: the discussions usually focus around the relationship between these institutions and secularism; schools status as a vocational high school; and graduates of these schools do not choose a career in vocational religious education. The unification of education law and the laicism principle seem to be the anchor points for the questioning of imam hatip high schools' legitimacy as well as remarks in their favour.


Detailed kinetic surface reaction mechanisms are used in kinetic models for automotive catalysis applications. Therefore, these models are complex and often numerically stiff. For simulation, optimization and control purposes it is desirable to employ models of lower complexity that are accurate in specific operating regimes. In this contribution, a number of data-based kinetic mechanism reduction methods are combined in order to obtain an automated method for mechanism simplification. The principle of this method is to use time-scale analysis to generate nonlinear lumpings from partial equilibrium and quasi steady-state assumptions These lumpings have to remain as decoupled as possible, so that they can be solved explicitly.


A novel and efficient approach for the numerical solution of time-dependent coupled-wave equations, which are frequently used for the modeling of distributed-feedback, distributed Bragg reflector, and Fabry-Perot laser diodes, is proposed. In this approach, the coupled-wave equations are split into two sets of equations. One of two sets of equations contains only the phase factors and time derivatives, and the other contains only the coupling terms. The separate sets of equations are solved exactly in their split form successively. This new numerical scheme, which we call the split-step time-domain model, is found to require an order of magnitude smaller number of subsections to get more accurate results than previous methods while the computation time for each time step is comparable to previous methods.


How to use this book Background knowledge 1 Algebra 2 Coordinate geometry 3 Vector geometry 4 Functions 5 Sequences 6 Trigonometry 7 Exponential and logarithmic functions 8 Differentiation 9 Integration 10 Numerical methods 11 Proof Answers and solutions


The paper presents calculations of the relative oil film value for the meshing of angle planetary gearboxes used in mining scraper conveyors. Calculating the value of this parameter was made using methodology that was compliant with ISO/TR 15144-1: 2014 (E). As a result of the analysis, it was found that exploitation of mining gears takes place under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions, with oil viscosity and surface roughness having a significant influence on these conditions.


Publications of research concerning continuous emotional responses to music are increasing. The developing interest brings with it a need to understand the problems associated with the analysis of time series data. This article investigates growing concern in the use of conventional Pearson correlations for comparing time series data. Using continuous data collected in response to selected pieces of music, with two emotional dimensions for each piece, two falsification studies were conducted. The first study consisted of a factor analysis of the individual responses using the original data set and its first-order differenced transformation. The differenced data aligned according to theoretical constraints better than the untransformed data, supporting the use of first-order difference transformations. Using a similar method, the second study specifically investigated the relationship between Pearson correlations, difference transformations and the critical correlation coefficient above which the conventional correlation analysis remains internally valid. A falsification table was formulated and quantified through a hypothesis index function. The study revealed that correlations of undifferenced data must be greater than 0.75 for a valid interpretation of the relationship between bivariate emotional response time series data. First and second-order transformations were also investigated and found to be valid for correlation coefficients as low as 0.24. Of the three version of the data (untransformed, first-order differenced, and second-order differenced), first-order differenced data produced the fewest problems with serial correlation, whilst remaining a simple and meaningful transformation.


Numerous studies have found that by late childhood individuals recognize conventional norms as social contrivances that are arbitrary, relative, and changeable. However, this conclusion conflicts with other evidence that children and adults "reify" social formations by apprehending them as something other than social products. For example, it is difficult to reconcile the phenomenon of ethnocentrism with the image of people who perceive their social worlds as arbitrary and relative. Most of the studies have questioned respondents about comparatively "transparent" rules, that is, those whose arbitrary human origins are evident. Moreover, the customary questions used to measure perceived conventionality are often simplistic indicators of a complex phenomenon. The result is an exaggerated portrayal of children's and adults' awareness of the conventionality of the social world.


Reconfigurable antennas provide a possible solution to solve the related problems using the ability to switch frequency, patterns and polarization. This paper represents a possible application in wireless communication using reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna. The dielectric substrate of proposed circular Microstrip patch antenna is fabricated with FR 4 epoxy and patch design 40x40x1.6mm. This work provides a methodology to design reconfigurable antennas with PIN diode switch. The frequency reconfiguration achieved by PIN diodes At the range of 3 GHZ to 6.9 GHZ the frequency reconfigurability  is realized. To resonate the antenna at various frequencies PIN diode is used. Simulation of Ansoft HFSS software is used to compute the gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and return loss of proposed antenna. The structure of circular patch antenna achieves an enhanced wide bandwidth. The results show a better frequency reconfiguration.


There has been growing interest in the patient-centered medical home as a way to provide coordinated, high quality primary care. At the same time the number of retail clinics has increased dramatically. Many are concerned that retail clinics undermine the medical home by fragmenting care. In this piece we explore the juxtaposition of these trends, highlighting shared characteristics and sources of tension. We describe three types of relationships between retail clinics and primary care providers. With some relationships we argue that there is no conflict, while we describe areas of potential concern for other relationships.


Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. The methyl esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine and they would not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of triglycerides of edible/non edible oils, and waste vegetable oils using methanol with alkaline catalyst NaOH/KOH. In this research, methyl esters of neem and mixed pongamia and coconut are produced through transesterification process. The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties and performance characteristics of biodiesel extracted from Neem and Mixed oil. The objective is achieved by transesterifing the neem and mixed oil using transesterification unit setup developed inhouse. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine fuel properties and performance characteristics of different biodiesel blends in comparison to diesel. The performance characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads at constant rated speed of 1500rpm and results are compared with diesel.


This chapter discusses some patristic references on Pentecost/Shavuot that show that Christian religious leaders were acquainted with post-biblical Jewish Shavuot traditions. Then, it argues that Jewish sources as well wrestle with the challenge posed by the Christian Pentecost by demonstrating that a passage from Toledot Yeshu on the Christian festival calendar can be dated to the early Byzantine era and is acquainted with the Christian Ascension/Pentecost festival. Finally, in light of this, i.e. bearing in mind that the Christian Pentecost was not unknown to (some) rabbinic Jews, the chapter suggests reading a story from the Palestinian Talmud as a polemical parody of the foundational story of the Christian Pentecost. To be sure, there are differences between Acts 2 and the Yerushalmi story. Viewing the Yerushalmi story as parodying polemics of the Christian Pentecost plausibly solves some difficulties in traditional understandings of this passage. Keywords: Acts 2; Christian Pentecost; Palestinian Talmud; polemical parody; Shavuot; Yerushalmi story


Proposed work is used to solve the problem of text based password system. It deals with geographical password structure. It is used to increase the reliability of password for advanced users by modifying a combination of text and graphical passwords. It will ensure more secure way to users for granting access to an authenticated system. Proposed work uses color code authentication which provides two step authentication to the user. Each time user logged in with generated one time password. This scheme is tested with different kinds of security attacks. User has to memorize only the sequence of three colors and three shades selected at the time of registration. This scheme is useful for secure authentication method for data protection on cloud and also in banking system.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between HPV16 and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in human gastric carcinoma(GC). Methods: in situ PCR (ISPCR) method was carried out to detect HPV16 oncogene E6 in 40 GCs and corresponding gastric adjacent normal musoca (GANM) from Shaanxi Province of China.Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) in gastric tissues. Results: The positive rates of E6 were 27.5%(11/40) in GCs and 0%(0/40) in GANMs respectively with ISPCR.HPV16 DNA was mainly located in the nucleus of gastric glandular epithelium cells.The infection rate of HPV16 DNA in GCs was significantly higher than that in GANMs (P=0.0004),and the HPV16 had no statistical correlations with gender,age,invasion,grading and lymph node metastasis respectively (P0.05).The infection rate of HPV16 in cardiac GCs was significantly higher than that in non-cardiac ones(P=0.0136),and HPV16 had no correlation with Hp in GCs (P=0.0829). Conclusions: These findings suggested that HPV16 can infect gastric glandular epithelium cells and that viral infection might play a role in the occurrence of GCs independently or noncooperatively with Hp infection.


Light refraction is an important optical phenomenon whose simulation greatly contributes to the realism of synthesized images. Although ray tracing can correctly simulate light refraction, doing it in real time still remains a challenge. This work presents an image-space technique to simulate the refraction of distant environments in real time. Contrary to previous approaches for interactive refraction at multiple interfaces, the proposed technique does not require any preprocessing. As a result, it can be directly applied to objects undergoing shape deformations, which is a common and important feature for character animation in computer games and movies. Our approach is general in the sense that it can be used with any object representation that can be rasterized on a programmable GPU. It is based on an efficient ray-intersection procedure performed against a dynamic depth map and carried out in 2D texture space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by simulating refractions through animated characters composed of several hundred thousand polygons in real time.


In this work, we analyzed the stock materials on the CS field to obtain an information base to characterize the geological structure of the Vasyugan formation oil deposit (object US1). According to GIS data, the section types of the formation of US1, which determine the distribution of initial oil reserves and the pattern of low rates of oil reserves in the localized dead-end and stagnant zones are highlighted. The characteristics of the displacement of the main reservoirs of the object US1 are presented. The most favorable groups of reservoirs by type of reservoirs (monolithic and irregularly layered) are identified.


The author examines marriage patterns in Czechoslovakia during the nineteenth century with particular emphasis on the Catholic church's attitude toward divorce as it affected marriage trends. Maternal mortality rates, marriage duration, fertility, multiple marriages, and women's status are discussed in relation to marriage patterns. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)


The article describes the developing and testing procedure of the authors' psychodiagnostic methodology aimed at studying the mechanisms of establishing the professional self-awareness of a police officer. In accordance with the goal and objectives of the research, the experiment involved 579 police officers, with 172 people being students and cadets of educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and 407 people were acting law enforcement officers of transport police administrations of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (Northwestern and Ural Federal Districts). The age range of the subjects was 18-52. The 'Limit – Experience' inventory we developed has 5 scales reflecting essential aspects of the problem in question. The reliability coefficient for 'life awareness' scale is 0.82; for 'self-realization' scale it is 0.73, for 'value of time' scale it is 0.72, and for scales 'self-determination' and 'general' the coefficient is 0.69 and 0.8 respectively. The validity of this methodology has been tested by comparing its results with those of other methods for measuring similar parameters. The questionnaire can be used in operation of the psychological service of Russian internal affairs bodies, and also for further applied research in this area.


Objective To extract and purify the rombinant protein LTB-FAP of fimbria of Actinobacillus actinomy cetecomitans which can be expressed in E.coli.and lay a foundation for its application in the treatment of periodontal diseases.Methods The constructed recombinant plasmid of pET28a/LTB and pET28a/LTB-FAP were transformed into E.coli and the inclusion body of recombinant protein LTB-FAP was expressed.The recombinant protein was washed and dissolved by 2,4,6 and 8 mol·L-1 urea;and then the dissolved protein was purified by both anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography;the concentration of the purified protein LTB-FAP was measured by thin layer chromatogram scanner.Results The inclusion body of the expressed protein was washed 3 times by 4 mol·L-1 urea solution and dissloved in 6 mol·L-1 urea solution,and 60% of the LTB-FAP protein could be gotten.The purity of the recombinant protein LTB-FAP purified in this experiment by anion exchange chromatography was about 75%;the puity of recombinant protein LTB-FAP was 90% by gel filtration chromatography.Conclusion The anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography can extract and purify the expressed recombinant protein LTB-FAP which can be used to immunize animal bodys.


Most of the sandy soils near Esperance, W.A., were cleared of native vegetation and sown to subterranean clover in the 1950s and 1960s. Over the past 20-30 years, pH values of the topsoil (1:5, soil: water) have decreased from 6.5-7.0 to 5.0-5.5. The application of 2 t/ha of agricultural lime increased the soil pH (1:5, 0.01 CaCl2) from 5.5 to 5.8, from 4.9 to 5.6, and from 5.1 to 5.5 at three sites that had been sown to subterranean clover for 10, 20 and 40 years respectively. However, lime had no effect on either dry matter production or seed yield of subterranean clover. Additions of calcium in a further experiment also did not affect the seed yield of subterranean clover. Irrespective of the lime treatments, the addition of nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, manganese and boron) significantly (P<0.05) improved dry herbage yields by a factor of 1.3, 1.7 and 1.4 at the 10-, 20- and 40-year-old sites. However, the addition of nutrients did not affect seed yields of subterranean clover. In other experiments, the omission of sulfur, potassium and, for the deepest sandy site, phosphorus reduced dry herbage yields by between 10-30%. The omission of molybdenum from treatments of the 20- and 40-year-old pasture reduced herbage yields by 21 and 16% respectively. However, omission of molybdenum in the experiment sited on the 10-year-old pasture did not affect yields. Thus, as the acidification of the sandplain soils continues, molybdenum may become deficient and may limit herbage yields of subterranean clover.


In her seminal work, Silent Spring, Rachel Carson writes: "If Darwin were alive today the insect world would delight and astound him with its impressive verification of his theories of survival of the fittest. Under the stress of intensive chemical spraying the weaker members of the insect populations are being weeded out." (1)


A diffusion‐weighted (DW) template in a standard coordinate system is often necessary for the analysis of white matter (WM) structures using DW images. Although several DW templates have been constructed in the ICBM‐152 space, a template for diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is still lacking. In this study, we developed a DSI template in the ICBM‐152 space from 122 healthy adults. This high quality template, NTU‐DSI‐122, was built through incorporating the macroscopic anatomical information using high‐resolution T1‐weighted images and the microscopic structural information obtained from DSI datasets. Two evaluations were conducted to examine the quality of NTU‐DSI‐122. The first evaluation examined the anatomical consistency of NTU‐DSI‐122 in matching to the ICBM‐152 coordinate system. The results showed that this template matched to the ICBM‐152 templates very well across the whole brain, not only in the deep white matter regions as other DW templates but also in the superficial white matter regions. In the second evaluation, a large number of independent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets were registered to the DTI template derived from NTU‐DSI‐122. The examination was performed by quantifying the anatomical consistency among the registered DTI datasets. The results showed that using NTU‐DSI‐122 as the registration template the registered DTI datasets can achieve high anatomical alignment. Both evaluations demonstrate that NTU‐DSI‐122 is a useful high quality DW template. Therefore, NTU‐DSI‐122 can serve as a representative DSI dataset for a healthy adult population, and will be of potential value for brain research and clinical applications. The NTU‐DSI‐122 template is available at http://www.nitrc.org/projects/ntu‐dsi‐122/. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3528–3541, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This article presents the synthesis of phosphoric acid esters from phosphoric hydrogen РН3 and aliphatic alcohols. The process is based on the oxidation of phosphine by quinones and redox polymers on the basis of mono- and disubstituted quinoid derivatives of monoethanolamine vinyl ether. Molecular iodine is used as a catalyst. Two-, three-, four- and multicomp onent systems are studied in order to determine optimal conditions of the oxidation of phosphine quinones and repoxpolymers on their basis. The rate and selectivity of reaction were monitored by the absorption of РН 3 . As alcohols used aliphatic alcohols: BuOH, PrOH, EtOH, MeOH. Organophosphorus compounds were analyzed by a chromatographic method. It was established that alcohol solutions of individual components of reactionary system (quinones, redox ionites or iodine) are characterized by a low activity in relation to phosphine. Organophosphorus compounds are formed in insignificant quantities. In the mixed alcohol solution of benzoquinone takes place PH 3 oxidation forming trialkylphosphates. Conversion of phosphine constitutes 80-100%. Increasing the concentration of reagents of catalytic system has a positive effect on the process as a whole. Similar patterns were obtained when redox monomers and polymers on the base of quinones in the presence of iodine were used as oxidants. Esters of phosphoric acid – dialkylphosphites and esters of phosphorous acid – trialkylphosphates were identified as organophosphorus compounds. By selecting a redox agent in a zone of the catalysis it is possible to direct process in the desirable direction. The most activity in the oxidation of phosphine by iodine-alcohol solutions of quinoid monomers and polymers, is exhibited by 2-[N-(2-vinyloxy) ethyl]amino-NQ and polymer on their basis. Results of our experiments and literature data on oxidation-reduction processes with participation of iodine and quinones in organic solutions allowed to propose the separate oxidation-reduction mechanism of formation of organophosphorus compounds. In investigated multicomponent systems, the synergetic effect is manifested which is reached at the expense of distribution of oxidation-reduction functions among iodine, quinones and its derivatives. In this report, for the first time, it is established reactionary ability of quinones and redox ionites on their basis in an oxidizing alkoxylation of phosphine to valuable esters of acids of phosphorus. Reaction can be used for purification of exhaust and technological gases from phosphine and its utilization.


A low-cost communication system for measurement while drilling has been developed. This system has been used effectively on a major development project offshore California. The Point Pedemales unit is currently being developed from platform Irene with Unocal serving as the operator. The user end (remote) of the system is designed to reside on any IBM-compatible personal computer. For the Point Pedernales project, the software was installed on a Unocal system and used the existing microwave voice phone communications. The availability of real-time data in the operator's office results in the elimination of unnecessary trips to the rig site. The flexible plotting capabilities allow true stratigraphic thickness logs to be generated. In high-angle, long-reach wells, these plots allow for more accurate correlation not typically achievable with measured depth and true vertical depth logs. This capability allows for casing point selection to be made accurately. The cost savings associated with accurate casing point selection can be significant. The ability to transmit MWD data from the drilling rig to the office allows all personnel involved in a project to take advantage of the real-time benefits of MWD. The systems lends itself to installation on any drilling Project where voice phone communications, including cellularmore » networks, are available.« less


Differential use of DNA repair pathways in cancer leads to distinct clinical outcomes following genotoxic therapies. We found that deficient TGFβ signaling due to human papilloma virus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) results in impaired DNA repair proficiency, increased use of alternative end joining (alt-EJ) and that a 50-gene TGFβ signature is negatively correlated with prognosis (Clin Ca Res 2018, 24(23): 6001). To assess the molecular consequence of TGFβ signaling in the DNA damage response (DDR), we performed a Nanostring assay on SAS HNSCC and U251 glioblastoma cell lines using the 180 gene DNA damage and repair panel. The results showed that treatment with TGFβ type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor LY2157299 or TGFβ profoundly altered DDR gene expression profiles. TGFβ inhibition for 24 hr significantly (p Citation Format: Qi Liu, Luis Palomero, Jade Moore, Ines Guix, Miquel Angel Pujana, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff. TGFβ signaling suppresses alternative end joining associated with genomic mutations and PARP Inhibition sensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1569.


The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is composed of an enormous volume of aeolian dust, the provenance of which is still debated. In the present study, we attempt to distinguish different sources of Last Glacial (LG) sediments of the CLP based on the iron mineralogical characteristics of different particle size fractions of surface samples from potential source areas in Northwest China. The result reveals that the iron mineral characteristics of the surface samples are spatially heterogeneous and that differences between sedimentary basins are greater than those within the basins. The contents of magnetite and goethite have a significant particle size dependency, but this is not the case for hematite. The iron mineralogical characteristics of the samples are closely related to the distribution of mountain ranges and tectonic activity in NW China. Basing on mathematical calculation, we propose that (i) the 8‐ to 31‐μm fractions, the major component of CLP loess, is a mixture of sediment weathering from NE Tibetan Plateau and Central Asian Orogenic Belt, with a majority from Tibetan Plateau; (ii) S. Alxa Plateau is the dominant source of 31‐ to 63‐μm fractions of CLP LG loess; (iii) the Qaidam Basin is the dominant source of 2‐ to 8‐μm fractions of CLP LG loess; and (iv) the material contribution from Ordos Plateau is limited to CLP LG loess, especially for the loess on the western CLP.


This paper is the research of S-rough recognition theory engrafted with information security theory. By using of assistant set in S-rough sets, this paper gives S-rough recognition structure of knowledge: rough recognition on the upper knowledge familyR + , rough recognition on the lower knowledge familyR - ; gives S-rough recognition degree theorem and Srough recognition dynamic characteristic theorem of knowledge. Engrafting information security theory with S-rough recognition theory, this paper presents a general threshold encryption authentication algorithm based on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem, gives encryption authentication of S-rough recognition.


Fabrication of linear variable filter designs are demonstrated using a high throughput drum with linear sputter targets and static graded uniformity masks. Optical performances are characterised and functionality tested in 3D printed miniature spectrometers.


Testing for differences between two groups is one of the scenarios most often faced by scientists across all domains and is particularly important in the medical sciences and psychology. The traditional solution to this problem is rooted inside the Neyman–Pearson theory of null hypothesis significance testing and uniformly most powerful tests. In the last decade, a lot of progress has been made in developing Bayesian versions of the most common parametric and nonparametric two‐sample tests, including Student's t‐test and the Mann–Whitney U test. In this article, we review the underlying assumptions, models and implications for research practice of these Bayesian two‐sample tests and contrast them with the existing frequentist solutions. Also, we show that in general Bayesian and frequentist two‐sample tests have different behavior regarding the type I and II error control, which needs to be carefully balanced in practical research.


Abstract The half-lives, mass assignments and radiation characteristics of the neutron excess iridium isotopes have been determined as follows: The gamma-ray energies of 19-hour 194Ir have also been examined. The 7-second 194mIr isomer is either a 125 kev E3 transition followed by the 5·6 mev gamma-ray or possibly a 5·6mev M6, E6 or E7 transition followed by a 125 kev M1. E2 or E3 gamma-ray. The latter alternative would be the highest spin-change gamma decaying isomer yet discovered and both are unusual in the very high energy transition involved.


Objective: Given the selective involvement of spinal cord and optic nerve pathology in Japanese patients with opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS), and previous findings reflecting that a proportion of these patients had aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, we examined a cohort of AQP4 antibody-negative patients with Japanese OSMS for antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We hypothesised that some patients with OSMS would be positive for MOG antibodies.
Background: Antibodies to MOG have recently been identified in a number of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders including simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis (BON) or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)
Design/Methods: We tested the sera of fifty Japanese patients with AQP4 antibody-negative OSMS as well as forty age-matched Japanese controls who were healthy or had other neurological diseases. MOG antibody testing was performed using a flow cytometry cell-based assay with live human embryonic kidney 293 cells that were lentivirus-transduced to express full-length surface human MOG.
Results: MOG antibodies were detected in 2/50 patients with AQP4 antibody-negative Japanese OSMS and in none of the controls. One MOG antibody-positive patient had recurrent unilateral optic neuritis, BON, and transverse myelitis. The second MOG antibody-positive patient presented with recurrent transverse myelitis, one episode of which was LETM. Both patients had a favourable outcome in terms of visual acuity and disability scores. Of note, the two MOG antibody-positive patients accounted for 1 of 4 patients in this OSMS cohort with BON, and the only patient in this OSMS cohort with LETM.
Conclusions: As in MS seen in the Australian population, MOG antibodies are uncommon in Japanese patients with OSMS. However, the clinical phenotype of BON or LETM may support MOG antibody testing in this group. Disclosure: Dr. Ramanathan has received personal compensation from NHMRC Australia and the Petre Foundation. Dr. Sato has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matsushita has received research support from Bayer Schering Pharma and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. Dr. Masaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yamasaki has received research support from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Novartis Pharma, and Mitsubish Tanabe Pharma. Dr. Dale has received research support from Star Scientific Foundation, Trish MS Research Foundation, MSRA, NHMRC Australia, and the Petre Foundation. Dr. Kira has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering Pharma, Cosmic Corporation, and Biogen Idec Japan. Dr. Brilot-Turville has received research support from Star Scientic Foundation, Trish MS Research Foundation, MSRA, MS Angels Melbourne, NHMRC, and the Petre Foundation.


Abstract
Background: People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are commonly found to have executive dysfunctions that are associated with aberrant activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex


Has a yield strength of ≧ 700 MPa, to produce a flat steel product having a microstructure which is bainitic about ≧ 70% by volume, the following work steps are carried out in accordance with the present invention: a) (wt% units melting step C of a steel melt consisting of at) the following: 0.05~0.08%, Si: 0.015~0.500%, Mn: 1.60~2.00%, P: ≦ 0.025 %, S: ≦ 0.010%, Al: 0.020~0.050%, N: ≦ 0.006%, Cr: ≦ 0.40%, Nb: 0.060~0.070%, B: 0.0005~0.0025%, Ti: 0.090~0.130% and unavoidable impurities, and the balance of Fe; step b) by casting the melt to form a slab; the c) slab 1200 to 1300 ° C. step reheating; d) at: 950 ° C., total ≦ 50% Rough rolling the slab in the pass rolling reduction; e) 800-880 finishing between ℃ rough rolled slabs in hot rolling finishing temperature of hot rolling step; f) within ≦ 10s after hot finish rolling, ≦ 40K / s step cooling the steel flat products that are hot finish rolling in fifty to six hundred and twenty ° C. at a cooling rate of; g) hot finish rolled flat winding process of steel products.


Radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), in which the radiative cooling in the atmosphere is balanced by the convective heating in a horizontally homogeneous environment, is a good starting point for studying tropical convection. It also provides an idealized framework to compare analogous simulations by global climate models (GCMs) which rely on convective parameterizations, and cloud-resolving models (CRMs) which aim to explicitly resolve moist convection. In this work, we seek to further our understanding of tropical cyclones and convective aggregation in the idealized framework of non-rotating and rotating RCE with both types of models. First, we achieve rotating RCE by coupling the resolution and physics of a GCM to rotating hydrostatic dynamics. A large doubly-periodic f-plane is used to allow multiple tropical cyclones (TCs) to coexist. Both cases with fixed and coupled sea surface temperature (SST) are considered. For fixed SST, the sensitivity to environmental parameters is investigated. Particularly, we find that the intensity, radius of maximum wind and size of TCs increase with SST. For coupled SST, SST is predicted using a simple slab ocean model. The effect of the eyewall cooling on TC intensity is studied. We show that Potential-Intensity theory overestimates the impact of the eyewall cooling on TC intensity, as its key assumption that entropy is well-mixed along angular-momentum surfaces within the atmospheric boundary layer no longer holds in cases with substantial eyewall cooling. We then study TC genesis with a small doubly-periodic f-plane. Through cloud-resolving simulations, we show that vertical shear plays an important role on regulating the sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis to both the environmental rotation and thermodynamic state. As indicated by analogous simulations with the resolution and physics of GCMs, such effects of wind shear might not be fully represented in GCMs. Finally, we investigate convective self-aggregation from non-rotating RCE. The critical SST for self-aggregation to occur is sensitive to the model configuration, in the sense that the smaller convective cells the model simulates, the higher the critical SST could be. Such iii model sensitivity adds complexity to the dependency of self-aggregation on SST and its implication on the variation of convective aggregation with global warming.


We report on the results of a microearthquake experiment conducted at the along-axis bathymetric high of the slow spreading ridge segment near 35°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Of a total of 255 microearthquakes recorded during the 43-day experiment, 31 were located near the Oceanographer transform at the northern end of the segment, 79 occurred at the nontransform offset at the southern end of the segment, and 145 were at the segment center. At the segment center, earthquake epicenters lay within the median valley inner floor and formed a ∼12-km-long trend paralleling a steep scarp bounding the western wall of the inner valley; focal depths were 3-4 km below the seafloor. Most (80%) of the focal mechanisms for 32 segment center earthquakes are consistent with normal faulting on faults approximately parallel to the axial trend. From a joint inversion for hypocenters and P and S wave velocity structures, we determined a horizontally averaged V P /V S ratio that decreases from 2.9 in the shallowmost 300 m to 1.7 at 2-km depth, and we interpret this decrease as indicating a decreasing contribution of thin cracks to fracture porosity with depth. The maximum depth of seismicity, 4 km, is anomalously shallow compared with other MAR segments at which microearthquake experiments have been carried out. Cross-axis relief is also anomalously low for this segment's center, and on the basis of this and other MAR microearthquake experiments, there appears to be a correlation between cross-axis relief and maximum depth of seismicity. From the correlation of cross-axis relief and inferred crustal thickness we suggest a relationship between thick crust, high crustal temperatures, and low cross-axis relief, in qualitative agreement with thermomechanical models for the depth of the axial valley.


To improve the performance and reliability of microelectromechanical system's devices,it is necessary to understand the effect of friction which exists in the majority of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)with a large ratio of surface area to their volume.The model of electrostatic tangential force of the shuttle in laterally driven comb microresonator is established based on the rule of energy conservation.The effects of microscale,surface roughness,applied voltage,and micro asperities or dents or boles formed in fabrication are investigated,and the electrostatic resistance between two charged moving plates is analyzed.The analytic results are coincident well with those of ANSYS simulation.It is found that the electrostatic resistance becomes high as the increase of the ratio of the shuttle width to the gap between moving plates and the relative surface roughness or the increment of the applied voltage.


Our approach to entrepreneurial and enterprising learning allows us investigate "how the cognitive, conative and affective self-regulating abilities interplay in entrepreneurial and enterprising learning process?" This research consists of the two year follow-up reflections of 18 university students who participated in two consecutive study programmes of entrepreneurship education during years 2003-2006. The programmes adopted entrepreneurial and enterprising pedagogy. Textual data consisted of 400 pages of reflections. Research methods and data analysis followed a two-part progression: 1) The application of Straussian Grounded Theory with the coding proceeds through open, axial and selective phases, 2) the concept map method. The results indicate that all constructs appeared in these entrepreneurship education learning interventions as well and transitions between them. However, the disappearance of affective construct in meta-level reflections emerged. Strengthening this underrepresented element might enhance students' reflection and selfregulation processes and as a consequence empower entrepreneurial and enterprising learning. Such ideas encourage us to suggest that this stream of research should get more emphasis in entrepreneurship education research.


Xanthan biopolymer has been produced by single‐stage continuous fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B‐1459 in a medium of glucose, minerals, distillers' solubles, and urea for as long as 20 days. At the highest dilution rate studied (D = 0.0285 hr−1), the steady state rate of xanthan production was 0.36 g/kg/hr and the steady state yield, basis glucose consumed, was 68%. Observations indicate that xanthan production rate is a function of pH and D.


Abstract New information on the herpetofauna of Syria is provided, based on a collection made during a field trip from the Natural History Museum of Crete (NHMC) in April 1999. We collected 391 specimens of 43 species at 30 different localities. The results expand our knowledge of the distribution of several species. The systematic position of four taxa (Rana bedriagae, Ptyodactylus sp., Lacerta kultzeri, Mabuya aurata) is discussed in the light of recent revisions of the Syrian herpetofauna.


Equine asthma represents a naturally occurring animal model for human allergic neutrophilic asthma. Inhalative nanoparticle‐bound cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine (CpG‐GNP) immunotherapy, independent of specific allergens, has already shown promising clinical and immunological results in previous studies and offers the possibility to treat the underlying cause of the disease. This study analyses the relationship between dose and response, and evaluates a possible long‐term effect.


Objective The aim of the study was to compare the distribution of Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) scores, interreader agreement, and diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.0 and v2.1 for transition zone (TZ) lesions. Methods The study included 202 lesions in 202 patients who underwent 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging showing a TZ lesion that was later biopsied with magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion. Five abdominal imaging faculty reviewed T2-weighted imaging and high b value/apparent diffusion coefficient images in 2 sessions. Cases were randomized using a crossover design whereby half in the first session were reviewed using v2.0 and the other half using v2.1, and vice versa for the 2nd session. Readers provided T2-weighted imaging and DWI scores, from which PI-RADS scores were derived. Results Interreader agreement for all PI-RADS scores had κ of 0.37 (v2.0) and 0.26 (v2.1). For 4 readers, the percentage of lesions retrospectively scored PI-RADS 1 increased greater than 5% and PI-RADS 2 score decreased greater than 5% from v2.0 to v2.1. For 2 readers, the percentage scored PI-RADS 3 decreased greater than 5% and, for 2 readers, increased greater than 5%. The percentage of PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions changed less than 5% for all readers. For the 4 readers with increased frequency of PI-RADS 1 using v2.1, 4% to 16% were Gleason score ≥3 + 4 tumor. Frequency of Gleason score ≥3 + 4 in PI-RADS 3 lesions increased for 2 readers and decreased for 1 reader. Sensitivity of PI-RADS of 3 or greater for Gleason score ≥3 + 4 ranged 76% to 90% (v2.0) and 69% to 96% (v2.1). Specificity ranged 32% to 64% (v2.0) and 25% to 72% (v2.1). Positive predictive value ranged 43% to 55% (v2.0) and 41% to 58% (v2.1). Negative predictive value ranged 82% to 87% (v2.0) and 81% to 91% (v2.1). Conclusions Poor interreader agreement and lack of improvement in diagnostic performance indicate an ongoing need to refine evaluation of TZ lesions.


We report the detailed study of the temperature dependence of the lower critical field (Hc1) of the YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor by magnetization measurements. The curve shows the multiband gap behavior of the sample. It is found that the sample is not a single BCS type superconductor. Hc1 is measured as the point at which the curve deviates from a Meissner-like linear M(H) curve to a nonlinear path. The Hc1 for YBCO at different temperatures from 10K to 85K has been determined by magnetization measurements M(H) with applied field parallel to the c-axis. The sample phase purity has been confirmed by Rietveld fitted X-ray diffraction data. The amplitude (1-17Oe) dependent AC susceptibility confirms the granular nature of superconducting compound. Using Bean model we calculated the temperature dependency of inter-grain critical current density and Jc(0) is found as 699.14kAcm-2.We report the detailed study of the temperature dependence of the lower critical field (Hc1) of the YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor by magnetization measurements. The curve shows the multiband gap behavior of the sample. It is found that the sample is not a single BCS type superconductor. Hc1 is measured as the point at which the curve deviates from a Meissner-like linear M(H) curve to a nonlinear path. The Hc1 for YBCO at different temperatures from 10K to 85K has been determined by magnetization measurements M(H) with applied field parallel to the c-axis. The sample phase purity has been confirmed by Rietveld fitted X-ray diffraction data. The amplitude (1-17Oe) dependent AC susceptibility confirms the granular nature of superconducting compound. Using Bean model we calculated the temperature dependency of inter-grain critical current density and Jc(0) is found as 699.14kAcm-2.


This article investigates the major trends in participation in policymaking processes in democratic, post-apartheid South Africa. The major objective of the article is to analyse the changing patterns of core policy actor engagement. The analysis explores both the continuities and the change across significant post-1994 policy eras in South African politics. Significant changes followed from political turning points such as the end of Government of National Unity (GNU), the introduction of the Growth, Economic and Redistribution (Gear) strategy, and the rise to power of President Mbeki. The analysis presents a political-realist perspective on the effect of political power and political culture on policy processes. It departs from conventional policy analyses that link typical actors to each of the stages of policymaking, and that see the policymaking process as primarily a function of the legislature. Instead, the analysis follows a perspective of clusters of policy activity that involve core policy actors, and that are dispersed over three tiers of policymaking. The article identifies core policy communities (primarily located with top-political actors and policy bureaucrats) acting across policy domains. The article links these policy actor trends to political struggle, the consolidation of political liberation, and the effect of globalisation on policymaking processes in South Africa


This paper discusses the sources of real effective exchange rate appreciation in Morocco as a small developing economy that opens its market to international economies. The stylized facts show a downward tendency of real effective exchange rate from 2000Q1 to 2019Q4. The question is to explain how real effective exchange rate appreciation occurs during the period of economic transition and convergence. Theoretically, we refer to the BalassaSamuelson effect according to which the real exchange rate appreciation is a result of faster relative productivities. We refer to Balassa (1964) and Samuelson (1964) and to some recent working papers in order to formulate an adequate model for Moroccan case. Our objective is to explain how domestic and foreign factors affect real effective exchange rate through the productivity gap between tradable sector and non-tradable sector. The results show that an increase in trade openness rate, in weight of US dollar in Moroccan dirham's basket currencies, in tradable production, in foreign tradable capital stock, in foreign tradable factors' output elasticity and in domestic wage level, results in real exchange rate appreciation (deterioration in external competitiveness). Meanwhile, an increase in domestic labor output elasticity, in labor force and capital transfers to tradable sector, in foreign non-tradable capital stock and in foreign non-tradable factors' output elasticity, results in real exchange rate depreciation (amelioration in external competitiveness).


The generalised cerebellar model arithmetic computer (GCMAC) network is applied to the problem of adaptive equalisation of nonlinear channels. The GCMAC-based equaliser is compared with other well-known structures such as the Volterra filter and the multi-layer perceptron. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed structure for compensating strong nonlinearities.


v Introduction 1 Explicit Measurement 1 Implicit Measurement 3 What is "Implicit?" 4 Implicit Measures of Semantic Association in Alcohol Research 10 Priming 10 Stroop 11 False Memory 12 Implicit Association Task 13 The Current Study 17 Methods 21 Participants 21 Measures 22 Experimental Measures 22 Free Associates 22 Primed Recall 24 Additional Assessments 26 Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire 26 Alcohol Expectancy Multiaxial Assessment 26 Daily Drinking Questionnaire 26 Demographics 27 Procedure 27 Results 29 Coding/Scoring 29 Sample Characteristics 30 Gender Analyses 37 Implicit Task Replication and Comparison 41 Intra-Session Reliability 52 Practice Effect/ Contamination Analyses 55 Regression Analyses 59 Discussion 65 Limitations 71 Directions for Future Research 74


The workflow of telecommunication operation support systems (OSS), which are a typical example of a heterogeneous domain model, often involves complicated cancellation processing. This paper proposes a rule-driven cancellation method and a middleware component that implements the method. They separate the cancellation process from the workflow and enable the OSS to be made more flexible.


Atomization quality affects directly burning process in the cylinder so as to further impact on dynamic characteristics, economical efficiency and emission standard. In theory, based on influences of jet dispersion properties for cavitations and jet development model of the mixture of emulsified oil and gas, it is found that high pressure emulsified oil contains lots of tiny water drops, which can increase a atomizing angle for spraying. Compared with the atomizing shapes of absolute diesel oil and emulsified diesel oil at various time, the results show: jet form of mixture changes dynamical characteristics of emulsified diesel oil when it is spraying from the nozzle orifice and its diversification of characteristics also correlates with the atomizing angle. When the percentage of water contents of emulsified diesel oil is 10%, the atomizing angle can get the maximum, which increases by 35%. At the same time, the jet atomizing angle will be increased and the jet valid length will be reduced when the container pressure is improved.


Within this study the author discusses Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 concepts. The author tries to prove that the achievement of resilience is given a special role. Achieving resilience itself has many challenges and is highly dependent on the effectiveness of the education system. The author notes that the educational links should be established between HEIs of developed and less developed countries. Resilience cannot be achieved without international efforts. This means that the joint initiative of several countries will not yield the desired results if this action does not take on a global character. Due to this, the technologies corresponding to Industry 5.0 will only give the desired results to the world when the technologies from the inventing countries are successfully introduced in the receiving economies. According to the author, close ties between the universities of the inventing and receiving countries ensure the achievement of the desired results in the shortest possible time. In this process, the author assigns a special role to the formation of the University 5.0 model. At the end of the paper, the author will schematically present systemic links between the inventing and receiving countries' universities in order to achieve resilience.


The industrialization hypothesis predicts a decline in the effects of social background variables on educational attainment across cohorts, whereas the credentialism hypothesis predicts a decline of these effects on the attainment of lower educational levels and stable or rising effects on the attainment of higher levels of schooling. Employing a model developed by Mare (1981) and analyzing data from the 1974 Israeli Mobility Survey, the authors found that the effects of father's education and occupation on the various educational transitions were stable across cohorts who attended school during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. However, the effects of ethnicity, a major axis of the Israeli system of social stratification, declined in the transition from primary to secondary schooling but remained constant on subsequent educational transitions.


Concrete continues to be the most consumed construction material in the world, only next to water. Due to rapid increase in construction activities, Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world. It is important to assess the amount of C&D waste being generated and analyse the practices needed to handle this waste from the point of waste utilization, management and disposal addressing the sustainability aspects. The depleting natural resources in the current scenario warrants research to examine viable alternative means, modes and methods for sustainable construction. This study reports processing Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA) using a rod mill, for the first time. Parameters such as amount of C&D waste for processing, nature of charge and duration of processing time have been optimized for obtaining good quality RCA. Performance of RCA based concrete and performance enhancement techniques of 50% RCA based concrete are discussed in this paper.


In the late 19 th and early 20 th century,under the impetus of the reform movement and the New Deal reforms,especially under the direct influence of Changsha becoming an open port in 1904,Changsha's urban economic changed from traditional into modern type rapidly,and Changsha had gradually become the industry and commercial center,shipping center and trade center of Hunan province,and finally established the position as the regional economic center,which greatly accelerated the process of Changsha's modernization.


Abstract : This report is the Proceedings of the 1977 Computerized Adaptive Testing Conference held July 19-22, 1977, at the University of Minnesota. These Proceedings include 27 papers (26 of which were presented at the Conference); discussions of these papers by Darrell Bock, Frederic Lord, Nancy Cole, Ernst Rothkopf, Richard Ferguson, and David Weiss; and a panel discussion entitled 'Future Directions for Computerized Adaptive Testing,' with presentations by Frederic Lord, Mark Reckase, Fumiko Samejima, Vern Urry, and David Weiss. The papers are organized into the following topical sessions: (1) Improving Ability Measurement Using Different Item Formats; (2) Alternative Models for Adaptive Testing; (3) Psychological and Subgroup Effects; (4) Performance Testing by Interactive Simulation; (5) Implementations of Adaptive Testing; (6) Achievement/Performance Testing Viewed as a Classification Problem; (7) Achievement Testing Viewed as a Trait Measurement Problem; and (8) Computer-Based Testing as an Alternative to Paper-and-Pencil Testing. (Author)


Novel dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum complexes bearing unsymmetric PNP-type pincer ligands are prepared and characterized by X-ray analysis. A molybdenum–dinitrogen complex bearing 2-(di-1-adamantylphosphino)methyl-6-(di-tert-butylphosphino)methylpyridine has been found to work as an effective catalyst toward the formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen under ambient conditions.


HROUGHOUT THE LAST HALF OF 2013, IT IS CLEAR TO EVERYONE that his end is near and that the deathwatch has begun. Nelson Mandela's long and glorious life is coming to a close. Although Mandela has been part of my political family for a long time, I don't feel sad because I believe that he has done his work and, as we say in Africa, the time for him to dance to join his ancestors is a time for rejoicing rather than mourning. But I ind these long months of waiting to be full of anxiety. Waiting for death is a hard chore. I have been teaching a course on death and literature regularly, so I know where to turn for consolation. John Donne's "Death be not proud" is always a good starting point:


Though a constantly increasing number of ontologies are now available on the Internet, the ontology construction process remains generally a manual task, so consequently an effort demanding task. A ...


Standard representations support sharing assessment items and learning objects among learning environments. Different standards have been developed to provide interoperability-based descriptions for all learning aspects. Designing assessment items or questions using standard representations became a key point in learning/teaching domain. This paper proposes an environment for authoring assessment items using a combination of standards linked together to align the produced questions. The environment consists of a set of tools. The first tool is dedicated for building question body using IMS (Innovation, Adoption, and Learning) QTI (Question and Test Interoperability) standards. An extension to IMS QTI was designed to represent question Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs), difficulty degree, assessed concepts, and target groups. The second tool manipulates competency definitions bank which is used in representing assessment item ILOs. The third tool deals with target groups to whom question will be delivered.


This paper aims at addressing the problem of finite time exact tracking control for a class of unknown nonlinear systems in pure feedback form while guaranteeing the closed-loop stability. The uncertain nonlinear system considered in this paper is not only in completely non-affine form but also explicitly dependent on the time and therefore, can cover a general class of nonlinear systems. By incorporating high order sliding mode controller into backstepping design procedure, a new robust control scheme with novel integrators is proposed, which is able to steer the tracking error to zero. Moreover, the closed loop stability can be proved with the help of the constructed integrators in every design step. Two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Machined Horn Array Micromachined Horn Array DC/IF-board Magnet Schematic of an array structure including a micromachined and machined horn array, the device wafer, and the dc and IF connection board. (b) I-V curves of seven SIS junctions in the array. (Courtesy of Q. Hu)


The objective of this study was to understand the effects of acetaminophen on Caenorhabdditis elegans lifespan and fertility. The experiment was based off the study [1] which assessed the effect of aspirin on the lifespan of C. elegans . The original study showed that aspirin causes stress in C. elegans similar to caloric restriction, resulting in increased stress resilience and prolonged longevity. Assuming that acetaminophen treatment invokes similar mechanism, the expectation was to observe prolonged lifespan and decreased egg production, one of the known stress outcomes in C. elegans [2]. Wildtype and daf-9 mutant C. elegans were provided with OP50 Escherichia coli seeded plates containing a diluted concentration of acetaminophen and water at 50, 100, and 200 millimolars, each pate hosting 4 worms of the same type. The plates were assigned to 5 study groups: 3 treatment groups corresponding to each treatment concentration had 3 wildtype C. elegans plates each, 2 plates with untreated wildtype C. elegans were assigned as a control group, and 2 plates with Daf-9 treatment group with 100mm acetaminophen concentration. The observed increased movement speed suggested that acetaminophen solution causes stress in C.elegans worms, however the increased egg production in the wildtype C. elegans treatment groups was also observed when compared to the control groups. The highest average egg production per worm was observed in the lowest concentration of acetaminophen treatment group subsequently declining as the concentration of acetaminophen increased, suggesting that either mild stress could be beneficial for C. elegans fertility or that acetaminophen also enhances C. elegans reproductive function. The results of this study showed that treating C.elegans with acetaminophen increased both, their egg production and lifespan, peaking at 50 and 200 millimolars concentration respectively, similar to the findings of the original study. Conducting the experiment only once and therefore not checking for the reproducibility and statistical significance of the results is the main limitation of the study.


Abstract: Rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells were found to bind β‐galactosidase modified with specific glycosides. The enzyme modified with p‐aminophenyl β‐d‐glucoside was most effectively bound to the cells, followed by α‐d‐mannoside and α‐d‐glucoside. The binding was dependent on the number of PC12h cells, the incubation interval, and the pH; the maximal binding at 4°C was obtained by incubation with 75 μg of cell protein for 15 min at pH 4.0. The binding proved to be a saturable and receptor‐mediated process, and the apparent Km value and the maximal binding capacity of the cells with β‐d‐glucosylated β‐galactosidase were 1.03 ± 0.06 μM and 333 ± 24 pmol/ min/mg of protein, respectively. When the cells were cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), GM1, GM2, and a ganglioside mixture, marked morphological differentiation was observed in the presence of NGF, and the specificity of the binding was also affected. By supplementation of NGF in the culture medium, the cells lost the selectivity of the glycoside binding, whereas cells cultured with GM1 supplement showed increased binding of the specific glycosides.


Differential frequency hopping (DFH) was introduced as a new technology for reliable high data rate transmission in high frequency (HF) bands. Since modulation, coding and frequency hopping are combined together with frequency transition function (FTF) in DFH system. However, it was shown by recent researchers that an intelligent eavesdropper may threat the security of the system by finding FTF and sending jamming signal toward authorized receivers. The root of this drawback is the poor 2-dimensional (2D) continuity of DFH sequence generated by constant FTF.

In this paper, we propose a simple DFH system with hop variable FTF controlled by a synchronized scrambler and descrambler between receiver and transmitter. The 2D continuity performance of generated DFH patterns between constant FTF and hop variable FTF are tested and compared. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the DFH code generator which combines G with PN sequence increases security of DFH system without decreasing the SER performance.


The paper is devoted to a review of recent achievements in the field of dynamic analysis of structures and structural elements, such as beams and plates, with embedded viscoelastic (VE) dampers and/or layers. The general characteristics of VE materials, their rheological models, and methods of parameters identification are discussed. New formulations of dynamic problems for systems with VE elements are also reviewed. The methods of determination of dynamic characteristics, together with the methods of analysis of steady-state and transient vibrations of such systems, are also discussed. Both linear and geometrically non-linear vibrations are considered. The paper ends with a review of the methods of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, and the methods of optimization, for structures with VE elements.


Clinical and animal studies have suggested efficacies of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on weight loss. Fermentation of common bean‐derived dietary fiber by gut microbiota is proposed to mitigate obesity; however, the mechanism of actions are unclear. This study was conducted to investigate whether and how fecal fermentation of common bean‐derived dietary fiber impacts adipogenesis in a cell model. Dietary fiber was generated by in vitro digestion of cooked, lyophilized common bean flour, followed by anaerobic fermentation with the use of fresh feces from healthy mice without antibiotics treatment. The murine 3T3‐L1 cells were induced to differentiate in the presence of the fermentation products. Cell viability, lipid accumulation, and protein and mRNA levels of key transcriptional factors and activators were determined during the 8‐day time course. Data were analyzed by 1‐factor or 2‐factor (bean ' time) ANOVA. Treatment of the fecal fermentation products inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The fermentation products decreased (P < 0.05) protein levels of two key transcription factors for adipogenesis, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ by 79–92% and 78–90%, respectively, and their downstream target fatty acid binding protein 4 by 49–86% and 63–98% at protein and mRNA levels, respectively, during the time course. In contrast, the fermentation products increased (P < 0.05) levels of two proteins promoting energy expenditure, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ (41–58%) at days 2–4 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (1.1–1.2 fold), at days 4–8. Altogether, fecal fermentation of dietary fiber derived from in vitro digestion of common bean temporally and dose‐dependently inhibits adipogenesis and key adipogenic transactivators but activates two energy expenditure proteins in 3T3‐L1 cells.


The Brazilian sugarcane industry generates a significant amount of waste each year, which should be properly analyzed and studied to allow an adequate recovery and application supported by the best understanding of its properties. The present work reports the ignition and burnout temperatures of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) obtained after performing a thermal analysis using four different heating rates. The intersection method (IM) and deviation method (DM) were employed to approach the ignition and burnout temperatures of the sugarcane bagasse. The ignition temperatures of the SCB measured from IM are between 250 and 263 °C, and their burnout temperatures are between 357 and 377 °C. The ignition temperature was in the range of 205 °C to 236 °C for the DM. IM is recommended for determining the ignition and burnout temperatures. In TGA, the heating rates in the range of 10 °C·min−1 and 15 °C·min−1 are suggested due to their accuracy and the contribution to timesaving in the analysis.


Sharia economic law is an important part of Islamic law. Indonesia, as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, has enormous potential to play an optimal role in the sharia economic industry. This research is based on the phenomenon of increasing public and regional awareness of the importance of the sharia economic system in the Indonesian economy. The development of sharia regional regulations in several regions of Indonesia is part of an effort to build a sharia economic system and improve people's welfare in an equitable and just manner. The research method used is a grounded, qualitative method. This method is used to find a theory, create a new theory, and even form a new model idea that can help resolve the implementation of a just Islamic economic system. The results of the research resulted in recommendations for the best program solutions in the form of positive impact outcomes for the community, government, and business actors, namely the following activities: creating inclusive and sustainable economic growth; opening wider and more diverse business opportunities; providing an increase in the quality of life of the community; increasing public trust in the financial system; improving the nation's image; improving financial inclusion; improving economic independence; improving community welfare; and making a significant contribution to sustainable development.


In an era of quickly advancing retail technology, 10 states and a number of major cities still mandate that individual price tags be placed on almost all items available for sale in grocery stores and other retail outlets. Research has shown that they are a major cost impediment for retail stores and a "hidden tax" facing consumers. At present, item pricing laws are also a factor in slowing adoption of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology in stores. The author provides an analysis of the present situation and recommendations for future action for retail and technology management.


Since the 1970s, urban waterfronts have undergone profound functional transformations. While in many ways they have been proven successful in reviving prime urban areas, waterfront redevelopments have also been contested. This article reviews several aspects of the planning conflicts that have been pertinent to the redevelopment of waterfronts internationally: (1) land ownership, (2) heritage and culture, (3) social and environmental justice, and (4) environment and resilience. Based on a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art literature, we suggest that the growing concerns over social justice and environmental resilience during the course of waterfront redevelopments will continue to challenge cities in the future.


Abstract Accurate monitoring of the large-scale dimensions of global snow cover is essential for understanding details of climate dynamics and climate change. Presently, such information is gathered individually from ground station networks and satellite platforms. Efforts are in progress to consolidate and analyze long-term station records from a number of countries. To gain truly global coverage, however, satellite-based monitoring techniques must be employed. A 27-year record of Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the longest such environmental record available. Records of Southern Hemisphere continental cover and snow on top of Arctic sea ice have been produced by similar means for a portion of this interval. The visible imagery charting technique used to generate these data provides information on snow extent but not on snow volume. Satellite microwave analyses over Northern Hemisphere lands show some promise in this reg...


OF THE DISCLOSURE Microcapsules for use in the production of carbonless copying paper. The microcapsules contain a dye composi tion comprising (a) a solvent selected from one or more alkylnaphthalenes of the general formula:


The relationship between 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children's performance on a battery of selected Piagetian measures and on a proportional reasoning task was examined. The proportional reasoning task, modeled after an hypothesis-testing probe procedure, was devised to identify the hypotheses and strategies children use when making proportional judgments. As expected, a strong relationship between stage level and (1) the complexity of hypotheses used, (2) the use of the proportional hypothesis, and (3) the overall use of logical hypotheses was found. Generally, only formal-operational children responded proportionally. Contrary to expectations, children were not responsive to feedback, i.e., they tended to generate and maintain the same hypothesis across trials regardless of feedback. The role of children's cognitive limitations, as well as how salient the feedback was, were discussed as possible explanations for this finding. Age and sex differences on the proportional reasoning task also were found. Possible directions for extension of this study to older children and adolescents were discussed.


An excellent flame suppression effect can be achieved using a novel porous brake. To understand the flame-suppression mechanism of a porous brake, combustion using a muzzle brake is investigated. A set of internal ballistic equations is employed to provide accurate velocity and pressure for a projectile moving to the muzzle. The multispecies transport Navier–Stokes equations, which incorporate complex chemical reactions, are solved by coupling a real gas equation of state, the Soave–Redlich–Kwong model, and a detailed chemical reaction kinetic model. The development of muzzle flow with a chemical reaction is simulated, and the interaction between chemical reactions with the muzzle flow field is numerically calculated to explain the muzzle combustion mechanism with a porous brake. The underlying mechanism is analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that, first, the gas is fully expanded in the brake, leading to a reduction in pressure and temperature at the muzzle, thereby reducing the initial flame. In addition, the shock wave weakens due to the expansion and separation process, leading to a reduction in the mixture of gas and air, ultimately resulting in a reduction in the intermediate and secondary flames.


THE Jatent form of syphilis has become a relatively common diagnosis since the second World War. This is mainly because Wassermann testing performed on inpatients and out-patients, particularly at antenatal clinics, has gained its rightful place with other routine procedures. In spite of its shortcomings (Laird, 1956) the routine antenatal Wassermann test is still the greatest hope for the prevention and ultimate eradication of congenital syphilis. Some idea of the still alarmingly high incidence of early congenital syphilis can be gained by comparison with diphtheria, an equally preventable disease. In the years 1953, 1954, and 1955, a total of 844, 686, and 544 congenital syphilitics attended venereal disease clinics in England and Wales for the first time. During the same years, there were only 266, 173, and 155 notifications of cases of diphtheria. So long as overt congenital syphilis is being diagnosed it may be taken that there are many as yet undetected cases. These jnay eventually present themselves with late manifestations of hereditary infection. Among the commonest presenting symptoms in older children and adults, is, of course, interstitial keratitis, which together with notched upper central incisors_and bi-lateral nerve deafness form _Hutchinson_'s triad. If the incisors are unsightly they can always be extracted^ and replaced by a prosthesis, and are, therefore, not a problem of great moment. Interstitial keratitis can be completely controlled by the application of topical cortisone. So far, however, congenital syphilitic nerve deafness has defeated us, although it may occur in up to 10 per cent, of congenital syphilitics. It has generally been accepted since the post-mortem reports in 1936, of Mayerand.Eraser, worJbjg'in£~dtfffargfi, ifaftfefFedejjfrdfS/fffeaprff&tfJ' o\ a gummatous process in the petrous part of the temporal bones. This paftiological interpretation, however, does not seem to match up with the clinical histories of cases of nerve deafness. The course of nerve deafness seems to run in many ways parallel to that of interstitial keratitis, which no one now disputes is other than a hypersensitivity phenomenon. Both conditions are commonly bi-lateral, and not infrequently occur in the same patient^the interstitial keratitis usually preceding nerve deafness by some years. Both conditions are commoner in females. Like interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness may appear during anti-specific treatment, or after completion of adequate therapy for congenital syphilis. Further, as has been noted elsewhere (Morton, 1956), radiological search for gummatous changes in the petrous parts of the temporal bones show no pathological changes.


Travel is inseparable from the motivation that drives an individual/group to travel. In addition to motivation, there are also other factors that influence tourist decisions, namely the image of the destination that later formed perceptions. Among the various kinds of influential tourist perceptions, there is perception of risk which is one of the key determinants in tourists' decision-making process. This study was conducted with the aim to know how to influence of motivation and perceived-risk on tourist interest in making return visits to the Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park (TAHURA) tourist attraction during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used by distributing questionnaires via google form to 100 tourists who had visited TAHURA Ngurah Rai at least once. The data obtained from the questionnaire was then processed quantitatively with likert sale, then validity and reliability test were carried out with the outer loadings limit of 0,5. The data analysis technique used in this research is SEM-PLS analysis with the help of SmartPLS version 3.3.5 program. Based on the results of the data analysis, it is known that there is a positive and significant influence between motivation and revisiting intention, while there is a positive but insignificant influence between perceived risk and revisiting intention.


The development of the liver and its adjacent structures were studied by means of a complex of morphological methods in the prefetal period of human ontogenesis. A significant increase in the size of the liver is observed during the prefetal period. At this time it is found to be the largest organ in the abdominal cavity and occupies its top and middle parts. The formation of the main structures on the visceral surface of the organ where right and left sagittal fissures are accurately defined has been studied. The gallbladder is located in the anterior part of the right sagittal sulcus; the umbilical vein is located in the anterior part of the left anterior sagittal sulcus. The structure of the hepatic-duodenal ligament and topographic-anatomical relationships between the elements passing inside of this structure has been described. The aforementioned ligament significantly exceeds the hepatic-gastric ligament in thickness. This is associated with the fact that the elements of the ventral (common bile duct) and dorsal (hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery) mesogastrium are seen between its layers. Attention is drawn to the fact that the thickness of the hepatic-duodenal ligament varies in its different parts and gradually decreases from the gate of the liver towards the top of the duodenum and head of the pancreas.


This paper deals with the optimal control (time optimal) of a mobile robot moving in an unobstructed planar environment. The mobile robot is equipped with two independent acceleration-driven wheels so that accelerations are bounded. Using the mobile robot's configuration known through its position and orientation, the problem consists of determining the optimal control that allows the robot to move between two imposed configurations, the start and arrival taking place at zero velocity. Our approach is based on analytically extracting as much information as possible from the Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP) before starting a numerical search. The recently reported numerical result, showing that this extremal control which is of "bang-bang" type and only requires four switch times or five sequences, is invalidated. We show a configuration space zone in which no extremal control using five sequences is optimal. We also show that there exist, in a part of this zone, extremal controls requiring seven sequences that are candidates for optimality.


The hetero-Diels−Alder reaction between anthracene and excess 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione has been investigated in supercritical CO2 at 40 °C and pressures between 75 and 216 bar. Bimolecular reaction rate constants have been measured via fluorescence spectroscopy by following the decrease in anthracene concentration with reaction time. The reaction rate is elevated in the vicinity of the critical pressure. This difference is consistent with local composition enhancement and can be modeled with the Peng−Robinson equation of state.


An anniversary always provides an occasion for looking backward as well as forward: the 25th Conference of the Association of Theatre in Higher Education (ATHE) offered us, as co-curators of the event, a challenge to consider the state of the field in a particularly fraught moment. ATHE is an academic organization that reflects North American disciplinary models of the ways theatre and performance studies have been framed within higher education. Structured through a series of "focus groups," the organization maps the history of North American relations between theory and practice, especially over the past twenty-five years of its existence (it was founded in the shadow of the culture wars, but focus groups have been added throughout the years). ATHE's programming structure—predominantly "bottom-up," with individual focus groups driving most of the schedule— means that conferences held as part of the organization's purview tend to reflect issues at stake in local contexts, whether those contexts are institutional, disciplinary, identity-based, or task-driven. A focus over the past ten years on a variety of structures for "multidisciplinary panels"—panels supported for inclusion in ATHE by two or three distinct focus groups—has sought to reflect a sense of theatre as inherently multidisciplinary. In reality, however, these panels are often no more multidisciplinary than those submitted through individual focus groups, so while the multiple sponsorship aims to create conversations among disciplines, the planning and execution of these frequently reveals the interstices in the languages used by different focus groups.


This article expounds the educational idea,the trained target of the undergraduate courses,the schooling levels of the undergraduate-course schools and the developing strategy of teaching-type undergraduate-course schools,the relationships between subject building and specialty building as well as the thought of subject specialty building.


An all-optical flexible packet buffer system is proposed, which consists of a circulating fiber loop and a delay controller implemented by using optical logic AND and XOR gates. The buffer holding time of the proposed system can be controlled in the unit of a loop-circulating delay time. The operational performance is demonstrated by computer simulations.


This paper addresses a speech recognition problem in non-stationary noise environments: the estimation of noise sequences. To solve this problem, we present a particle filter-based sequential noise estimation method for the front-end processing of speech recognition. In the proposed method, the particle filter is defined by a dynamical system based on Polyak averaging and feedback. We also introduce a switching dynamical system into the particle filter to cope with the state transition characteristics of non-stationary noise. In the evaluation results, we observed that the proposed method improves speech recognition accuracy in the results of non-stationary noise environments by a noise compensation method with stationary noise assumptions


This paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying nonlinear programming methods to solve the classification problem in discriminant analysis. The application represents a useful extension of previously proposed linear programming-based solutions for discriminant analysis. The analysis of data obtained by conducting a Monte Carlo simulation experiment shows that these new procedures are promising. Future research that should promote application of the proposed methods for solving classification problems in a business decision-making environment is discussed.


We present a unified approach for exploiting thread-level, data-level, and memory-level parallelism through a same-ISA dynamic binary modifier guided by static binary analysis. A static binary analyser first examines an executable and determines the operations required to extract parallelism at runtime, encoding them as a series of rewrite rules that a dynamic binary modifier uses to perform binary transformation. We demonstrate this framework by exploiting three different kinds of parallelism to perform automatic vectorisation, software prefetching, and automatic parallelisation together on legacy application binaries. Software prefetch insertion alone achieves an average speedup of 1.2x, comparing favourably with an automatic compiler pass. Automatic vectorisation brings speedups of 2.7x on the TSVC benchmarks, significantly beating a compiler approach for some workloads. Finally, combining prefetching, vectorisation, and parallelisation realises a speedup of 3.8x on a representative application loop.


The aim of this study is to determine teacher candidates' views concerned blended learning course design supported by Quantum Learning design framework. It was tried to be explored the effective components of blended learning via students' experiences in this study. The current research is significant in that it attempts to lead designing more qualified blended learning environments in the future. The study is a qualitative and phenomenological study. Research data were gathered from 12 3rd year teacher candidates studying at Mathematics Teaching Department of Gaziantep Education Faculty in 2014-2015 academic year, studied a course in blended learning design supported by quantum learning design framework through a semi-structured interview prepared by the researcher. A content analysis was executed on the collected data. As a consequence of data analysis, nine categories related to the effective components of blended learning were explored. These categories are as follows: the features of present learning management system, expected roles of the instructor, face-to-face courses as the supplements of online courses, the expected features of the online course materials, activities unique to the design, the process of testing and evaluation, student roles, extra-curricular online sharing, and student-student interaction. Based on the research results, suggestions were developed such as blended learning course designs need to include activities that increase student-student and student-teacher interaction.


Abstract A simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible procedure for assaying norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and ofloxacin (OFL) was investigated. The procedure is based on the reaction of selected drugs with Sudan II (I), Congo red (II), and Gentian violet (III) in universal buffer to give soluble ion‐pair complexes. The effects of various parameters have been studied. Beer's law plots were obeyed in the concentration ranges 0.5–11 µg ml−1, whereas Ringbom optimum ranges were 0.7–9.5 µg ml−1. The apparent molar absorptivity (6.4×104 L mol−1 cm−1), Sandell sensitivity (4.99 ng cm−2), detection (0.13 µg ml−1), and quantification (0.44 µg ml−1) limits were calculated. The relative standard deviation for ten determinations, for samples containing 4.0 µg ml−1, was found to be 1.40%. The influence of commonly employed excipients in the determination of the studied drugs was examined. There was no interference from degradate product results from thermal and hydrolytic treatments. The results obtained by the proposed procedure were statistically validated. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of the studied drugs in dosage forms and biological fluids.


The paper formulated and systematized the signs of severe bodily injury to animals, which are: danger to life and the risk of animal death, the threat of loss or the loss of any organ or the loss of its functions by an organ, a health disorder that caused a permanent violation of the habitual existence (life) of a pet, the loss of their ability to make economic or other use, or the persistent loss of the possibility of the independent existence of a wild (homeless) animal in the environment, the threat of rupture or abortion, irreparable disfigurement of the muzzle or other parts of the body.
It has been shown that life-threatening injuries are those that, at the time of infliction or after a certain period of time after the injury, lead to the appearance and development of pathological processes that threaten the body and which, without the provision of veterinary care, in the usual course, end or may end in death.
It was stated that preventing the death of an animal by providing veterinary care should not be taken into account when assessing the threat to the life of such injuries. A condition threatening the life of an animal that develops during the clinical course of injuries, regardless of the length of time that has passed since its infliction, must be in direct causal connection with it.
The definitions of the terms «health disorder», «stand (permanent) loss of the possibility of realizing the habitual mode of existence (life) of a domestic animal, or persistent loss of the possibility of an independent existence of a wild (homeless) animal in the environment», «consequence of damage» are given in the work.
It was proved that the developed system of signs of harm to health that was dangerous to the animal's life couid positively affect the efficiency and effectiveness of forensic veterinary examination, the provision of a reasonable and objective conclusion in categorical form about the severity of harm to health that is dangerous to the animal's life.


Objective To study the epidemic status of HIV/AIDS in Shantou,and predict its trend so as to provide a scientific reference for making intervention strategies.Method The data of HIV/AIDS from serologic and sentinel surveillances were analyzed from 1990 to 2005.Result By the end of 2005,an accumulative 108 HIV positive cases were discovered,among whom 29 cases had developed AIDS.By gender distribution,males occupied 78.70%,females-21.30%.Farmers and the umemployed accounted for 53.71%,being the highest population group,followed by chapmen and workers,the rate of which was 18.52% and 15.74% respectively.85% of the infected cases were detected in the age group of 20~50 years.The major transmission route was sexual contact,which accounted for 46.30%,followed by blood transfusion(15.74%),and drug use(14.82%).Conclusion The HIV/AIDS epidemic has significantly increased at a higher speed in recent years is Shantou,with multiple transmission routes.The HIV/AIDS cases increased dramatically among IDUs.Via multiple transmission routes,the epidemic is spreading from the high risk population to the general population,from the urban area to the rural area as well.


The invention provides an intelligent car finding system and an intelligent car finding method. The system comprises a first device and a second device. The first device is arranged in a car, and the first device is provided with a GPS positioning module and a first wireless transceiver module. The GPS positioning module is used to receive positioning information. The first wireless transceiver module is used to receive a car finding request, awaken the GPS positioning module, and transmit the positioning information. The second device is arranged outside the car, and the second device is in wireless connection with the first device. The second device is provided with a second wireless transceiver module. The second wireless transceiver module is used to transmit the car finding request and receive the positioning information. The method comprises the following steps: the car finding request is transmitted by the second wireless transceiver module; the car finding request is received by the first wireless transceiver module; the GPS positioning module is awakened and the positioning information is obtained; the positioning information is transmitted by the first wireless transceiver module; and the positioning information is received by the second wireless transceiver module. According to the invention, the GPS positioning module only awakened in the car finding process, so the consumption of power can be reduced.


Abstract Gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied to the seeded wine grape 'Seibel 5455' (Vitis vinijera × Vitis labrusca) when 75% of the calyptras had been shed. Fruit set and bunch compactness were decreased by GA3 at 5-40 ppm. Yield per vine and sugar and acid contents of the treated berries were not affected. The number of bunches infected by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. was substantially reduced by 10 ppm GA3 but not by 20 or 40 ppm. If GA3 was applied at the start of calyptra shedding, bunches were less compacted than those clusters treated at 50-100% calyptra fall.


The aim of the article is to verify the development of science and technology parks in Poland as well as the opportunities of development of new forms of cooperation with the use of science and technology parks in the bio pharmaceutical industry in Poland. The first section reviews the origins and definitions of science and technology parks in order to clarify and systematize the concepts used in existing research and practice. Subsequently, the ensuing sections discuss the evolution of science and technology parks and different organizational models of STPS. Further, the analysis centres on science and technology parks in Poland. Then the importance of science and technology parks for the development of new modes of cooperation in the bio pharmaceutical industry is elaborated upon. The paper ends with a set of implications and conclusions.


This article discusses the change in the political orientation of former pro-democracy activists in Bali after more than 20 years of the reformation. The change in their orientation from idealistic to pragmatic is allegedly one of the catalysts for the decline of democracy. This study aims to determine the causes of the change in the political orientation of former pro-democracy activists in Bali and to make a categorization from the political orientation of these former activists. The theory used as the analytical tool is the rational choice theory from Barbara Geddes. This research uses qualitative methods with a case studies approach. There are two important findings in this study: (1) The change in political orientation from idealistic to pragmatic is caused by the rational choices made by former pro-democracy activists by calculating their career and needs factors. (2) If career motives are more prominent than transactional and partisanship motives, then former pro-democracy activists tend to fill the positions in non-political party institutions. On the contrary, if the partisan motive is dominant in a former activist, then they tend to fill the position in a political party.


Objective To analyze correlative factors and its treatment of sodium imbalances in acute cervical spinal cord injury.Methods 68 patients from February 2003 to January 2007 with acute cervical spinal cord injury were included.Of the patients,43 cases(group A)had completed cervical spinal cord injury.25 cases had incompleted cervical spinal cord injury.The electrolytic concentrations and protein concentrations including Na,K,Glu,Bun,Ca,TP,ALB,ADH,and GLB were measured.Results There were significant difference(P0.05)among group SIADH,CSWS and control group about effect of the treatment.And no significant difference between the SIADH and CSWS.Conclusion According to the different mechanism of SIADH and CSWS about the sodium imbalance,administer the different Rx,we can diminish the complications of acute spinal cord injury.