The deterioration of the insulation in the excitation circuit of the self-shunt excitation hydro-generator causes the one point earth fault and affects the continuous operation of the unit,and even leads to the double point earth fault threatening the safety of the equipment.Illustrated with the case of the earth fault of the hydro-generator excitation circuit in Huaguangtan cascaded hydro-power plants,this paper puts forward the solutions through the cause analysis of carbon powder pollution.


The one-dimensional, heat-conduction equation with melting at one boundary is transformed to a form suitable for simulation on an analog computer. The transformed equation is identical with the heat-conduction equation with internal heat generation and a nonmelting boundary. This allows simulation of the melting process continuously with time rather than stepwise, and the number of "cells" in the heat-conduction-circuit analog remains constant throughout the solution.


This paper presents a real-time monitoring system for PV power plants based on a microcontroller Atmega328P-PU. The proposed system, whose performances can be relatively close to those achieved with commercial monitoring systems, is simple, low-cost and open source technology-based. In addition, a user interface, capable to communicate through a wireless network by using a standard communication protocol IEEE 802.15.1, is here presented. From the experimental tests described and discussed in this paper it is demonstrated that the proposed monitoring system provides, with adequate accuracy, all the information about the operating status of the PV plant, even during fault conditions.


Extensive and complicated defects on the body call for an omnipotent tool for a perfect reconstruction. Flaps derived from the omentum has many advantages over the conventional flaps. From 1999 to 2004, Omental flaps were applied for various soft tissue reconstructions. Among total 20 total 7 cases were for immediate reconstruction, 2 cases for chronic infection, 3 cases for simultaneous reconstruction of two defects, 4 cases for functional joint reconstruction and 4 cases were for flow-through revascularization. Among these cases, 3 cases were operated with minimal incision harvest technique. There were no complete flap failures, partial necrosis of the distal parts were noted on three cases. The omental flap is indicated on a large contaminated defect reconstruction due to its large size, well-vascularized, and malleable properties. The omental flap provides several additional advantages over other flaps, which are; the availability of the one staged simultaneous reconstruction of two defects with one flap, providing gliding function for the joint motion, and a flow-through characteristics with long vascular pedicle. But there are some serious shortcomings, including a long abdominal scar and intraabdominal problems. However, these are rare and can be minimized with our minimal incision technique. Due to its unique characteristics. the omentum is one of the ideal tissues for the reconstruction of the complicated soft tissue defects due to its unique characteristics.


Recording the blood pressure is one of the steps in physical examination which is impossible for the blind physician with any of the usual types of sphygmomanometer. By a simple modification of the Tycos spring sphygmomanometer the procedure becomes easy after a little practice, with a range of error not exceeding 10 mm. of mercury. All that is necessary to make it possible for a blind physician to read the gage is to cement a plastic fiber bristle at right angles to the outer third of the needle in such fashion that the tip of the bristle projects about one sixteenth of an inch (0.16 cm.) through a narrow slit cut through the plastic crystal covering the dial. The slit is circular in course and extends throughout the range of the scale. Small braille dots are attached to the crystal at points corresponding to the numbers of the scale ; larger


Using the LENA detector at the DORIS e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring, we have measured the hadronic cross section and the ..mu..-pair decay branching ratio of the UPSILON(9.46) resonance. We obtain GAMMA/sub e/e=1.23 +- 0.10( +- 0.14) keV, B/sub mumu/=3.5 +- 1.4( +- 0.4)%, and GAMMA/sub tot/=35/sup +25//sub -/10(/sup +9//sub -/7) keV; the first error number gives the statistical uncertainty. The numbers in parentheses represent systematic errors arising from the uncertainty in the total hadronic cross section.


Decays of neutral B mesons provide a unique laboratory to study CP -violation originating from a non-trivial complex phase in the CKM matrix. The relative phase between the direct decay amplitude and the amplitude of decay via mixing gives rise to time-dependent CP -violation, a difference in the proper decay time distribution of B-meson and anti-B-meson decays. The decay B s → J/ψφ is considered the golden mode for measuring this type of CP -violation in the B s system. In the Standard Model the CP -violating phase in this decay is predicted to be φ s ≈ −2βs, where βs = arg(−VtsV ∗ tb/VcsV ∗ cb), Vij being elements of the CKM matrix. The indirect determination via global fits to experimental data gives 2βs = (0.0363 +0.0016 −0.0015) rad [1]. New Physics contributions in B s −B0s mixing could alter this phase: φs → φ s +φ s [2]. Therefore, a high precision measurement of φs allows us to indirectly search for and constrain any New Physics effects. The Tevatron experiments CDF and D0 have previously measured φ s [3] with a precision of ∼ 0.5 rad. The measurement is performed using an integrated luminosity of 36pb of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy √ s = 7 TeV during 2010. The LHCb detector is a forward spectrometer at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and described in detail in [4]. The φs sensitivity profits from the large b-b cross section at the LHC, the excellent trigger, track reconstruction and particle identification efficiencies and decay time resolution of the detector.


Various research workers have reported EM (electro-magnetic) emissions prior to the earthquakes or during earthquake sequences. In some cases these EM emissions were consistently found during certain hours of the day. These were found to be of diurnal and semidiurnal type. EM emissions of semi-diurnal type, spaced in the time domain from the local noontime, were observed in many examples prior to earthquakes/volcanic eruptions. Such emissions were also observed in a very wide frequency band from VLF (very low frequency) to Microwave range. It was also found in these examples that earthquakes/volcanic eruptions occurred simultaneously with these EM emissions. From this study, it can be concluded that the semidiurnal stresses on the earth and moon are primarily caused by the position of the Sun. This paper discusses all these examples in detail and an application for the development of reliable monitoring of precursors for earthquakes/volcanic eruptions in high-seismicity areas.


Kaplan turbine runner rotates in water flow inside an enclosed discharge ring. The vibratory runner motion in the fluid flow induces pressure forces onto the wet runner surfaces with inertia effects conveniently described by the so-called hydrodynamic added mass and damping. These inertia effects influence the wet natural frequencies and the amplitudes. The role of the hydrodynamic added mass and damping in the Kaplan turbine shaft rotor dynamics has not been sufficiently well understood. This paper focuses on comprehensive understanding of these phenomena across the Kaplan design range. The results are based on a method derived from Theodorsen's unsteady thin airfoil theory and on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The former method includes the water flow, the runner rotation and the circulatory effects, which makes it possible to calculate the added damping and evaluate the accuracy of FEM. The most critical vibration modes and shaft line configurations have been identified with inherent weaknesses in typical shaft line models. The added damping has been quantified. The numerical results have been compared to the experimental results.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


textabstractThe study objectives in this thesis focus on pituitary-ovarian activity in women using oral
contraceptive steroids. Contraceptive steroids influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
in order to interfere with normal follicular development and ovulation. Additional effects on the
endometrium and cervical mucus may also attribute to the contraceptive effects established by
contraceptive steroids. Despite the described additional effects on which the ultimate
contraceptive efficacy is based, inhibition of ovulation provides a most reliable form of
contraception. The first objective was to review the current knowledge on residual ovarian
activity in users of oral contraceptive steroids (see chapter 2). The first study (described in
chapter 3) was performed to evaluate to relative importance of dosage of ethinyl-estradiol and
type of progestin regarding pituitary-ovarian activity during the pill-free period in users of lowdose
combined oral contraceptives. The second study was performed to compare recovery of
the pituitary-ovarian activity during the pill-free interval with the ovarian response obtained from
different dosages of recombinant FSH during high-dose combined oral contraceptives (chapter 4). The third and fourth study were performed to evaluate the effect of a single dose of an
antiprogestin during continuous progestin-only contraception: Both the effects on the pituitaryovarian
axis (chapter 5) and the effects on endometrial characteristics and bleeding patterns
(chapter 6) are described.
Conclusions derived from the studies described in this thesis are presented in the
general discussion


This paper investigates a behavior of a transferred plasma arc exposed to a cross airflow. The torch plasma behavior was observed, and the deflection on the anode surface was measured. The deflection on the anode surface increased with increasing velocity of the cross wind. From new phenomenon, it has been found that the torch plasma arcs have abundant elasticity. Moreover, the input plasma power with the cross-wind velocity was also studied.


Food security over the last few decades has largely focused on production and the challenges facing the agricultural systems. The concept of food security has also been directly associated with hunger, poverty and humanitarian aspects. In Kenya, food insecurity affects people living in the rural, urban, high potential, arid and semi-arid areas and the current food policies have had limited success. This study employed a descriptive survey research design to assess the influence of irrigation water supply on food security among households in Lare Ward in Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. A random sample of 97 households in Lare Ward of Njoro Sub-County was conducted. Data was collected using structured questionaires. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarise data while inferential statistics in form of chi-square was used to test the formulated research hypothesis. The study found that irrigation water supply had significant influence on food security. It thus recommended that water harvesting should be promoted by both the County and National Governments so as to have enough water throughout the year for irrigation purposes which will in turn boost food Security in the area of concern for this study in particular and the whole Country in general.


Energy storage systems are generally required for guaranteeing power supply stability and sustainability aiming at independent Photovoltaic, PV, power generation system. The system needs to absorb pulse power issued by photovoltaic cells for inhibiting DC bus voltage fluctuation and meeting the needs of providing load with short-term high power. A super capacitor is characterized by high power density and long cycle life, which is very suitable for combining it with battery for large energy density for jointly forming energy storage part of independent photovoltaic power generation system. In this paper, a mathematical model with parallel connection of battery and super capacitor is developed. Independent photovoltaic system structure with battery hybrid energy storage and super capacitor is constructed. A control strategy is then proposed for a hybrid energy storage by super capacitor and battery. The simulation experimental results show that hybrid energy storage mode by battery and super capacitor can improve the system on load, reduce charge and discharge cycle frequency, and prolong service life of battery.


2-Chloro-3-formylquinolines la-e have been reacted with ethyl glycinate hydrochloride in pyridine to afford 3-amino-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ones 2a-e. Reaction of 2a-e with benzaldehyde in presence of glacial acetic acid yields the corresponding Schiff bases 3a-e. Structures of all the products have been established by spectral and elemental analysis data. The activity of Schiff bases against the fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp. have been tested in vitro.


Isomeric cross-sections and their ratio were measured for the reaction ~(85)Rb(n,2n) ~(84m.8)Rb induced by 14.7 Me V neutrons. The results of the. cross-sections are compared with values in the literatures. The ratio is also compared with calculated value by using of the Vandenbosh-Huizenga's method. Value of the spin cut-off parameter σ of the nuclear level density is deduced for the measured ratio.


The foremost objective of the current article is to explore the impact of Brownian motion on magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow toward a stretching sheet in the attendance of nonlinear thermal radiation. The combined heat and mass transfer characteristics are investigated. The influence of chemical reaction, nonuniform heat source/sink, Soret, and Dufour is deemed. The convective boundary condition is taken. The appropriate transformations are utilized to transform the flow regulating partial differential equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (coupled). The numerical outcomes of the converted nonlinear system are solved by the Runge‐Kutta based Shooting procedure. Results indicate that the temperature is an increasing function of both thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The concentration of the fluid and the corresponding boundary layer thickness reduces with an enhancement in Lewis number.


If 'Eurosceptic' means 'opposed to increasing the powers of the European Union', the record of successive British governments suggests that Britain could be described as a Eurosceptic state. This article reviews that record, examines the reasons for it, and the prospects for change. It looks at the cultural and economic factors that have affected the attitude of governments, the prejudices of political elites, the pattern of interest group pressures, the constraints of internal party management and of public opinion, and the role of the press. It concludes that the pointers to change are ambiguous.


Genetic diversity of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes has been investigated at two stations located in Meiliang Bay and East Taihu in Lake Taihu,respectively.Genetic libraries of chloroplast 16S rRNA gene have been constructed by using primer set PLA491F/OXY1313R,biased towards chloroplast of marine algae.The results show that most of photosynthetic picoeukaryotic sequences belong to Cryptophyta,and the rest of them are affiliated with Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta and Haptophyta.The study can help us take knowledge of the community structure and ecological function of phytoplankton in Lake Taihu.


e18277Background: Pneumocystis Jirovecii (PJP, previously Pneumocystis Carinii) infection is typically seen in those with advanced immunodeficiency such as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, haema...


Relations for bandlimited signals in electron flow are presented that may be considered as a generalisation of power relations for sinusoidal signals. Inequalities defining limiting values for the power densities are obtained when signals exist in three frequency bands only which correspond to the frequencies in a parametric amplifier.


Abstract : Until recently very large focal plane arrays (> 1K x 1K pixels) could only be fabricated using low density >= 2 micrometers CMOS processes employing frill wafer projection lithography. Higher density processes use steppers to expose the patterns on the wafer which have limited the die size to the area able to be exposed in a single step. This placed an upper limit on the readout die size of about 18-22 millimeters along a side. While stitching techniques have been used to pattern larger die most silicon foundries are unwilling to accept such projects.


Randomised controlled trials are popular studies used to compare two or more groups or treatment interventions. Randomised controlled trials often create evidence to inform clinical practice; therefore, it is important that prescribers are able to interpret the design and findings of these studies, which support formulary and policy decisions, and clinical practice. This article describes the applications of randomised controlled trials in practice, and discusses key features, definitions and terms often used in their reporting that aid interpretation, appraisal and critique of these studies and their outcome measures.


John Gray has acquired international prominence and notoriety for his trenchant and uncompromising critique of the liberal tradition. According to Gray, the pervasive value pluralism that characterizes the contemporary world has rendered liberalism, and in particular its theory of toleration, both historically redundant and theoretically obsolete as a means of ensuring peaceful coexistence between competing values and practices. Gray insists that his alternative political framework of modus vivendi is far more capable of achieving these outcomes. This paper challenges Gray's account of the liberal tradition, and its theory of toleration, revealing the shortcomings of that account at a historical and philosophical level. It argues that liberalism emerged in a European context characterized by precisely the sort of pluralism that Gray associates with the contemporary world, and was specifically conceived to deal with it in a manner which is still relevant today. In this way, it is possible to rescue the liberal tradition from the theoretical obsolescence and historical redundancy to which Gray seeks to consign it.


The accurate measurement of the chemical activators of pain in skeletal muscle has proved to be a major challenge. This study examined the applicability of microdialysis to the measurement of pain‐producing substances in skeletal muscle using a defined model of ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. Microdialysis probes were placed into muscle of anesthetized rats. Ischemia was induced for 4 h, followed by reperfusion for 1 h. Perfusates were analyzed for hypoxanthine, potassium, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and histamine. A 20‐fold increase in perfusate hypoxanthine concentration was seen prior to reperfusion (70.1 ± 27.1 μM for ischemic versus 3.7 ± 1.9 μM for control; P < 0.05). An initial increase in PGE2 concentration was seen during ischemia (7.4 ± 2.0 nM versus 3.4 ± 1.4 nM; P < 0.05) and immediately post‐reperfusion (17.9 ± 5.2 nM versus 4.0 ± 1.1 nM; P < 0.05). Potassium concentration was significantly increased following occlusion and reperfusion. This indicates the applicability of microdialysis to the measurement of pain‐producing substances in muscle during ischemia and reperfusion. Further use will provide novel information on muscle pain both in defined model systems and in clinical situations in humans. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 1047–1052, 1999


Gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding metal ions using ionic liquids with formate anion and phosphonium cation. The ionic liquids served as a solvent,...


Because of the advent of highly diverse and heterogeneous services, 5G networks required the design of a new paradigm in terms of Radio Access Networks. The Centralized- RAN appeared as a suitable solution, enabling the reduction of costs by centralizing the baseband functions. Nevertheless, it requires very high bandwidth, making it unfeasible. Functional splits were proposed to divide the protocol stack and place the baseband functions in Central Units (CU) or Distributed Units (DU). It is an efficient way of enabling different types of services while reducing costs for operators. However, each split option introduces very stringent constraints in terms of latency, throughput and processing. The problem that arises is how to optimally place the CU functions in the network nodes. This paper proposes an optimization framework to minimize link and node power, subject to the split requirements. We also present models to compute bandwidth, computational effort and latency for splits 2 (PDCP-RLC) and 6 (MAC-PHY). The solution proposed was compared to the fully centralized and distributed scenarios over a realistic topology of a metro network with 24-hour traffic. Results show that the proposed CU-placement optimization reduces the power consumption in respect to both scenarios in split 2. In addition, even if the consumption is very similar to the centralized scenario in split 6, the ILP solution meets the latency requirements. Finally, when comparing the split options, the overall power consumption in split 2 is 5% lower than split 6.


TEXT was launched with an editorial introduction and a review article by Corsaro, both of which warmly acknowledged the contribution which Conversation Analysis has to make to the study of talk-in-interaction. But looking back over the past nine volumes, it appears that not many papers have appeared in the journal which adopt or apply a conversation analytic approach to the analysis of data, at least in any thoroughgoing sense of conversation analytic methodology. This is a pity because CA is in a position to make a distinctive, and I believe in some respects decisive, contribution to work in a number of areas which might be expected to connect the interests of us all. I would like to briefly outline some of those areas in which, I think, CA has much to offer. CA's contribution has been, and is likely to continue to be, most significant in uncovering and documenting the systematic organizations of talk in conversational interaction. Schegloff often refers to this field as talk-in-interaction, partly to indicate that CA's compass is not limited to 'casual conversations', and partly also to remind us that many of the organizations which CA research has uncovered are quite generic (see for example Schegloff, forthcoming a). Whilst many sociolinguistic approaches are concerned with linguistic variations or differences associated with speaker identities, setting, and other such exogenous factors, CA has revealed many procedures, patterns, organizations, devices —call them what you will — which seem quite independent of many such variations. These are the shared procedures which are the basis of intersubjectivity in talk. They are the transcontextual building blocks of mutual comprehension between participants, and their production and recognition of coherence in discourse. For example, Pomerantz (1984) showed that when a speaker is going to disagree with something their co-participant has just said, that disagreement will systematically be delayed, often by pausing. Pauses are thus part of the design of doing disagreements. Furthermore, they are available as such to participants: that is, when a speaker asserts something and their recipient pauses before responding, that speaker can


There is in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that dietary lipids play a role in modulating immune function. A review of the current literature on the interrelationships among dietary lipids, blood cholesterol levels, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis makes for a very strong argument that (a) im munosuppression may be causally related to lymphoprolifera tive disorders, as well as to tumorigenesis and (b) diets high in polyunsaturated fat,relative todietshighinsaturated fat,are more immunosuppressive and are better promotors of tumori genesis. The effects of dietary fat on immune function seem to be mediated through its component parts, the unsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic. It is not clear how these components affect immune function. Several studies suggest that one effect is mediated by altering the lipid component of the cell membrane and thus its fluidity; the more fluid the membrane, the less responsive it is. Thus, fluidity of both immune cells and those to be destroyed or protected may be affected. The effects of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids may be mediated by modulating serum lipoprotein levels, prostaglandin metabolism, and cholesterol concentra tions and metabolism. Of the several working groups at this Workshop, one deals with the relationship between lipids and the immune system. There is in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that dietary lipids play some role in regulating or modulating immune ftinc tion. This offers the promise that by changing dietary lipids one may be able to modulate immune function and thus alter an individual's susceptibility or resistance to diseases associated with altered immune competency; e.g. , immunosuppression and lymphoproliferative diseases. It is not yet generally ac cepted that immunosuppression may be causally related to solid tumors as well. However, a review of the current literature on the interrelationshipsamong dietary lipids, blood cholesterol levels, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis makes for a very strong argument that (a) immunosuppression may also be causally related to tumorigenesis, as well as to lymphoprolif erative disorders and (b) diets high in polyunsaturated fat, relative to diets high in saturated fat, are both immunosuppres sive and promoters of tumorigenesis. However, since neither the nutritionist nor the immunologist is certain as to what causes cancer or what cell types in the immune system or within the nonimmune host defense system protect the individ ual from malignancy, this aspect will not be discussed in detail. It is our aim, however, to discuss briefly the subject of lipid 1 Presented at the Workshop on Fat and Cancer, December 1 0 to 1 2, 1979, Bethesda, Md. Supported in part by grants-in-aid from the National Large Bowel Cancer Project; Grant CAl 6750 of the National Cancer Institute, NIH; The American Egg Board, Park Ridge, Ill.; and The General Foods Fund, Inc., White Plains, N. Y. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Mallory Institute of Pathology, 784 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02118. effects on immune function and provide a cogent argument that altered or depressed immune function may act as a pro moter in or is causally related to carcinogenesis. To begin, we must define the terms †̃ †̃promoter' †̃ and †̃ †̃initiator' †̃ as they relate to carcinogenesis. Here, the word †̃ †̃initiator' †̃ is used to refer to any insult(addition or withdrawal of a substance, be it chemical, viral, nutrient, etc.) which results in neoplasia, irrespective of time. Nonnutrients or chemicals have been shown to initiate cancer. On the other hand, anything that decreases the time at which tumors appear or that increases numbers of tumors or enhances metastases is considered a promoter. There is no evidence that any nutrient, essential or nonessential, fed in deficient or excess amounts has ever initiated cancer, although they have been shown to enhance or promote carcinogenesis (62). The available evidence also indicates that dietary manip ulations that promote tumorigenesis are immunosuppressive. All of this would suggest that immunosuppression may well be causally related to neoplasia. For a recent review of this sub ject, see a publication by Posner et a!. (51) and others (1, 2, 4—6, 8—1, 62). It is our opinion that the current data on this subject indicate that diets high in unsaturated fat have been shown to be good promoters of chemical carcinogenesis and are also immuno suppressive relative todietshighinsaturated fat(11,31,32, 37, 38). Before discussing available data on lipid effects on immune function, a review of some basic immunology, although brief, is in order. The immune system is composed of a variety of cells including Tand B-cells (cellular and humoral immu nity), subsets of these cells, lymphokines, serum factors, com plement, macrophages, and interactions of these various cell types. Subsets of T-cells function either as helper, suppressor, or killer cells. Whether the killer cells kill directly, through interaction with macrophages, or in concert with macrophages which can also kill or lyse cells is not always clear. B-cells, the antibody-producing cells, in some instances require the inter action of T-helper cells or in other cases are inhibited by T suppressor cell activity, presumably by suppressing T-helper function. Other B-cells are independent of T-ceII influence; this depends upon the antigen which determinesT-cell intervention. In recent years, another cell type has been described which is capable of lysing hemopoietic and tumor cell lines in vitro. These cells, which are called NK cells,3 are neither T-cells, nor macrophages, nor B-cells. These cells have been categorized as M-cells or marrow-dependent cells and may simply repre sent one subset of the M-ceIl series. The NK cell seems to be responsible for the rejection of hemopoietic allografts, genetic resistance against certain oncogenic and nononcogenic vi ruses, and resistance against certain intracellular bacteria (33). For an excellent review of basic immunology, the reader is referred to a recent publication by Kumar (33) and a text by


A Mutual fund is the dynamic investment vehicle for today's complex and modern financial scenario. We have seen the growing importance of mutual fund investment in India, when compared with other financial instruments. Investments in mutual funds are safer and also yields more returns due to proper portfolio management by the fund manager. Mutual fund are said to be the best channels for mobilizing the funds of the small investors an contribute significantly to the capital markets. The present study explains briefly about the mutual fund industry. The study also helps to understand the role of investment pattern and preferences of investors behind investing in mutual fund. In this paper, the impacts of various demographic factors on investors' attitude towards mutual fund have been studied. For measuring various phenomena and analyzing the collected data effectively and efficiently for drawing sound conclusions, Chi-square test has been used and for analyzing the various factors responsible for investment in mutual funds


Although some studies indicate that sulpiride (an atypical neuroleptic drug) increases body weight in female rodents after long-term administration, this action is less clear in males. In this study, we examined the effect of three doses of sulpiride (40, 60 or 80 mg/kg, ip) or physiological saline, chronically administered during 9 consecutive days, on body weight in the OF.1 strain of adult male mice. All animals were housed in transparent plastic cages during four weeks (non-drug period) and weighted weekly. During the drug period, sulpiride was administered once daily for 9 days and body weights measured. Results showed that sulpiride did not vary body weight after chronic administration, suggesting that the action of some neuroleptics on body weight might be a sex-dependent phenomenon.


Wetlands cover a heterogeneous spectrum of aquatic habitats, widely recognized as biodiversity hotspots and key components of the global carbon budget. They provide a wide range ecosystem goods (e.g. food, drinking water) and services (e. g. water purification, climate regulation, flood regulation, coastal protection, etc.) to human welfare Wetlands are highly dependent on water levels, and so changes in climatic conditions (e.g. hydrological cycle, i.e. the nature and variability of the wet and dry seasons, and the number and severity of extreme events) will highly influence its structure and functioning. There is a widespread and ongoing degradation and loss of wetlands. Direct non-climatic anthropogenic impacts (e.g. drainage, water withdrawal, habitat fragmentation, eutrophication, etc.) have been more noteworthy than impacts directly attributed to climate change. Climatic and non-climatic drivers are expected to act synergistically on wetlands resulting in abrupt and large changes that can be difficult, expensive, or impossible to reverse. Ecosystems are hierarchical and climate change is projected to change their structure and functioning by affecting the abiotic and the biotic components (from individual organisms, populations, to communities). The overall impact will depend on the ecosystem resilience and the rate and magnitude of change in several critical climate drivers such as temperature and water availability (in inland wetlands), and, in addition, the sea level and storm surges (in coastal and low lying wetlands). Temperature will affect both the abiotic (e.g. physical mixing, water quality, etc.) and the biotic compartments (e.g. throughout physiology, specie range shifts, overall community metabolism, etc.). Changes in the hydrological cycle together with a rising sea level and increasing storm surges will result in enhanced erosion of coastal habitats, salinization of groundwater aquifers and estuaries, altered tidal ranges, changes in sediment inputs and nutrient loadings, increased flooding and, consequently in a decrease of freshwater availability for humans and ecosystems. Predictions about the extent and direction of climate change on species and ecosystems are associated with varying degrees of confidence, which arise from uncertainties about how regional climate will change, the influence of non-climatic drivers and how complex ecological systems will respond. Indeed, as climate change alters ecosystem metabolism and species composition, unforeseen ecological changes are expected (e.g. harmful algal blooms or invasive alien species) that may threaten the goods and services these systems provide to humans.


The motor's selection for digital agriculture platform was analyzed.The brushless DC motor(BLDCM) is fit for precision job of the digital agriculture platform.High-speed real-time processing capablity of the DSP control technology was selected,and combined with characteristics of the brushless DC motor,BLDCM drive control system was designed.The power main circuit and its driving,detection circuit were designed in detail.The software of the control system was designed.The system has positive significance of the application of BLDCM,and the system is particularly suitable for occasions requiring precise operation.


This article aims to analyze the hybrids derivatives, polemically used in the Algerian French language newspaper. It includes process analyses which, in a given context, are used to create a controversy, and how the journalist mobilizes its discursive and rhetorical means for strategic purposes. The hybrid token is defined as a neologism derived mainly from hybridization, considered as one of the lexical creativity mechanisms, which combines the process of derivation and borrowing. This mechanism is made by the combination of a solid element represented by the Arab root and a French affix. The hybrid derivation is one of the means implemented by the Algerian speaker to meet their language needs by combining Arabic and French.


Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a no-subsidy approach increasingly used in development projects and programs to promote hygiene and sanitation improvements in communities. Notwithstanding significant success in decreasing open-air defecation, CLTS still faces many challenges, and its impacts and sustainability are limited by competing approaches, fall-backs ("slippage") and difficulties to "move up the sanitation ladder" and sustain achievements over time. This article argues that instead of considering CLTS and traditional subsidized approaches as opposing, these approaches should be seen as complementary as they address different links of the same chain: while CLTS boosts demand creation, subsidized approaches increase supply. These approaches, together with new techniques such as sanitation marketing, should therefore be smartly combined to address the whole sanitation services chain and therefore achieve sustainable access to improved sanitation.


The paper uses a CGE analysis to explore the consequences of the 1994-95 rise in the international price of coffee for the Ugandan economy. Due to a comprehensive package of reform measures in the early 1990s, which achieved macroeconomic stability, privatised and deregulated the export sector, and encouraged better agronomic practices, Uganda was exceptionally well placed to take advantage of the sharp mid 1990s coffee price spike. Primarily on the basis of the initial effects for the cash crop sector, the well-publicised claim has been made that the coffee boom accounts for half of Uganda's considerable fall in the poverty headcount measure during the 1990s. The main purpose of the paper is to explore the consequences of the boom for the factors employed and household groups participating in all major sectors of the Ugandan economy – not only the cash crop sector to which the initial benefits of the boom accrued.
This paper reports the results from a dynamic CGE model for Uganda, which is calibrated to a social accounting matrix that has, inter alia, thirty sectors, seven factors and ten household groups. The CGE model is a recursive dynamic single country model with a putty-clay treatment of capital/investment. The novel feature of the model is the endogenous determination of the functional distribution of income; consequently changes in the ownership of assets (labour types and capital) by households drive changes in the functional distribution of income. This development is shown to have non trivial consequences for the simulation results.
Three scenarios are compared: the first assumes that the economy continues to grow on its pre-boom growth path; the second imposes the coffee price series during the 10 years from the boom on the pre-boom baseline, an important component of this simulation is the sharp decline in real coffee prices during the last 4 years of the period; and the third imposes the 1994-95 coffee price spike on the pre-boom baseline but assumes that after the price boom period the relative price of coffee returns to its pre-boom level.
The analyses find that for the second scenario a substantial part of the initial large impact of the boom is dissipated through spending and resource movement effects. A small effect on medium-term growth and poverty reduction remains, but the major beneficiary groups are not the farmers, to whom the windfall initially accrued, but rural and urban wage earners. However the third scenario indicates that the appreciable decline in the relative price of coffee from the late 1990s is a major factor in the distribution of the welfare gains between farmers and wage earners; without the collapse in the price of coffee the distribution of welfare gains would have been very different. By disentangling the effects of different aspects of changes in the price of coffee the results lend support to the arguments that resource booms do not necessarily damage economic performance.


Nowadays, the importance of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become more serious as it is highly related to the satisfaction of the occupants. However, most building occupants are not normally aware of the importance of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Good IEQ specifically for educational oriented environment should be focused on as it affects students' learning performance. Therefore, two methods have been specifically selected for this research. One is classroom environment intervention and the other is by classroom measurement set up. In both conditions, the sampling devices were placed for 2 weeks in certain selected locations to see any changes on environment in the classroom. Measurement of thermal comfort and indoor air quality were recorded and at the same time questionnaires were distributed among the students in order to identify their satisfaction. Results for the measurement in normal condition show that the level of VOC was high (11.7ppm). However, by placing the selected potted plants during the intervention, the action has decreased the level of relative humidity, level of CO2 and TVOC.


Introduction: Cancer in Cuba is currently the second cause of death at all ages for being an extremely complex disease because of the various characteristics in terms of etiology, location, evolution and prognosis. In addition, it has a psychosocial connotation and a negative emotional impact not only for the patient, but also for all those people who are part of a network of social support. Objective: The objective of this research was to characterize the caregiver burden in primary caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer, hospitalized at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from December 2016 to March 2017. Materials and methods: A mixed methodology descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 100 patients who met certain inclusion criteria. An interview for the collection of the information and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were applied to subject types. Informed consent of the caregivers was obtained for their participation in the study. Results: The results revealed high levels of caregiver burden. The most affected dimension was the impact of care whereas the interpersonal burden was the least damaged dimension. It was demonstrated that, to a lesser knowledge of the caregiver about the patient's illness, greater caregiver burden and interpersonal burden.  Conclusions: It was concluded that the moderate to severe level of the burden of the primary informal caregivers of the study was mainly due to the affectations in the physical and mental health, the limitations in the personal and work areas, and the existence of negative emotional states: anxiety, worry, and depressive traits. Keywords: Caregiver burden, care impact, interpersonal burden, self-efficacy expectations, primary informal caregivers, head and neck cancer.


Ciguatoxin (CTX) is a polyether neurotoxin compound produced by microalgae (dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus spp). The toxin is accumulated and transformed throughout the sea food chain causing many life-threatening neurological problems in Libya and other Mediterranean and North African countries and eventually may cause death. The plant species Echium angustifolium which is locally known as "Hannet Al-Aggrab" contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids and other constituents that are known for their numerous biological activities. For treatments of ciguatera fish poisoning the plant has not been studied so far in the Mediterranean and North Africa regions. In the present study, Echium angustifolium aqueous extract was evaluated for its ability to reduce or revoke the effect of ciguatoxins in mice. Molecular docking and in vivo animal studies were performed in order to determine the potential effect of Echium angustifolium aqueous extract against ciguatoxicity. The content of Echium angustifolium extract was evaluated using molecular modeling against ciguatoxin on sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) voltage-gated channels. Hesperetin was found the most active compounds with a Gibbs energy of -8.5Kcal/mol. For K+ voltage-gated channels was ellagic acid which was the most active compounds with a Gibbs energy of -9.0Kcal/mol. Our results revealed that Echium angustifolium constituents form hydrogen bonds with active sites of Na+ and K+ channels and protect the mice from ciguatoxin toxicity with a statistically significant difference of the extract compared to controls with p value less than 0.01. We propose that Echium angustifolium constituents can be used to prevent ciguatoxin toxicity. Further chemical synthesis of analogues and in vivo studies will be necessary to substantiate the obtained results.


OF THE THESIS The Relationship of the Thorne's Hairstreak Butterfly (Callophrys [Mitoura] grynea thornei) with its Host Plant, Tecate Cypress (Hesperocyparis forbesii) by Christina Elise Congedo Master of Science in Biology San Diego State University, 2011 Thorne's hairstreak butterflies (Callophrys [Mitoura] grynea thornei) were studied on Otay Mountain over two seasons. Larvae appear to be able to successfully feed and develop on a wider range of foliage from their host trees Tecate Cypress (Hesperocyparis forbesii) than was previously discussed. Controlled larval feeding studies indicated no difference in preference for or performance on foliage from reproductively mature and young Tecate cypress. In situ, there was no difference in egg densities on mature and young Tecate cypress trees, further supporting laboratory results. However, larval performance was better when they fed on young spring foliage than when they fed on foliage that grew throughout the winter. In this study, foliage age appeared to be the most influential factor affecting oviposition patterns and larval growth. Eggs were found in very specific locations on Tecate cypress trees. The majority of eggs were found close to the ground (>1 m), on leaves (96%) growing on the abaxial sides of stems (76%), and on the east (14%), southeast (18%), and south (22%) sides of the trees. Studies of adult behavior showed that Thorne's hairstreak adults frequently perched on both mature and young Tecate cypress, and other nearby chaparral species. The majority (64%) of adults observed spent at least half of their time perching. Egg distribution patterns, larval growth studies, and adult observations indicate that, due to their use of young Tecate cypress, there appears to be more potential habitat for Thorne's hairstreak butterfly than previous speculated, increasing the need for management of Tecate cypress stands of all ages to preserve this unique butterfly.


Frontier inspection is the most infringing executive power. In the light of the general plan of ruling the state according to law,how to improve the system of laws and regulations concerning the frontier inspection and how to stick to the execution according to law is a new topic for the frontier inspection organ to improve the exit - enery administration.


The taxonomic and nomenclatural status of Hylodes philippi and H. verrucosus have been in state of flux. Some problems regarding their identity were noticed in 1971, which were partly solved with the finding of the purportedly lost type of H. verrucosus in 2006 and the morphological revisions of both H. philippi and H. verrucous in 2008 and 2012, upon which they were considered conspecific and closely related to the Eleutherodactylus dolops group; H. verrucosus became a junior synonym of H. philippi, and the latter, a nomen dubium within Hypodactylus (later, Niceforonia). The reexamination of the type series of Eleutherodactylus dolops Lynch & Duellman, 1980 and the types of Hylodes verrucosus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 and H. philippi Jiménez de la Espada, 1875, suggests that they are conspecific. Accordingly, Eleutherodactylus dolops is herein regarded as junior synonym of H. philippi and a new combination, Niceforonia philippi (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875), and a new diagnosis are granted. This species is known from a few scattered localities along the montane forest of the Amazonian versant of the Andes from Orellana and Napo provinces in northern Ecuador to Sibundoy in southwestern Colombia, and little to nothing is known about its natural history and population trends.


Librarians and subscription agents need to understand the issues surrounding the acquisition of electronic material. Pricing is generally not readily available on the Internet or on a publisher website. Customized quotations from the publishers are often required, and for "Big Deals," publisher sales managers get involved with license negotiations. Consortia are now a major presence in the negotiation of "Big Deals." In this workshop, the presenters discuss pricing options and issues for electronic serials.


Condensed phase high explosives convert potential energy stored in the electro-magnetic field structure of complex molecules to high power output during the detonation process. Historically, the explosive design problem has focused on intramolecular energy storage. The molecules of interest are derived via molecular synthesis providing near stoichiometric balance on the physical scale of the molecule. This approach provides prompt reactions based on transport physics at the molecular scale. Modern material design has evolved to approaches that employ intermolecular ingredients to alter the spatial and temporal distribution of energy release. State of the art continuum methods have been used to study this approach to the materials design. Cheetah has been used to produce data for a set of fictitious explosive formulations based on C-4 to study the partitioning of the available energy between internal and kinetic energy in the detonation. The equation of state information from Cheetah has been used in ALE3D to develop an understanding of the relationship between variations in the formulation parameters and the internal energy cycle in the products.


Abstract : The Continental Shelf off SE Florida between Palm Beach and Miami was surveyed to locate and evaluate sand deposits usable for artificial beach nourishment. Survey data covered 141 square miles of that part of the Continental Shelf between 15- and 100-foot depths, and consisted of seismic reflection profiles and sediment cores from the sea floor. As beach nourishment, sand-sized sediments from the shelf off SE Florida are of marginal quality. (Author)


Aim: Herein, we compare outcomes in patients treated with lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with and without tissue confirmation. Methods: We reviewed 196 patients that underwent lung SBRT for presumed (100 patients) or proven non-small-cell lung cancer (96 patients) over a 10-year period and compared outcomes. Results: A total of 196 patients with a median age of 76 underwent lung SBRT to a median dose of 48 Gy in four fractions. Median follow up was 17 months. Local control and overall survival at 3 years was 94 and 58% for the entire group. There was no difference in overall survival, local control, regional control or distant control between the cohorts. Conclusion: SBRT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer that are medically inoperable with comparable results in empirically treated patients.


Knowing about patents can sometimes be worse than not knowing. You can learn a lot by searching patents, but what you learn can sometimes be dangerous. If a court should ever find that you infringed on a patent knowingly, you might have to pay triple the damages, together with attorney fees.


The present study was conducted to show the effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) (18 : 3, ω-3) and linoleic acid (LA) (18 : 2, ω-6) on experimental intestinal toxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX). The groups of albino rats received: Group I: normal saline (2 ml kg−1, i.p. sham control); Group-II: MTX (2.5 mg kg−1, i.p. toxic control); Group-III: ALA (2 ml kg−1, i.p.); Group-IV: LA (18 : 2, ω-6) (2 ml kg−1, i.p.), Group-V: ALA (2 ml kg−1, i.p.) and Group-VI: LA (2 ml kg−1, i.p.) with MTX (2.5 mg kg−1, i.p.). Animals were sacrificed after 7 days treatment schedule and appraised for intestinal pH, total acidity, free acidity and colonic mucosal disease index (CMDI). Intestinal tissues were further evaluated for oxidative stress parameters (TBARS, SOD, protein carbonyl and catalase), and morphological modulation using scanning electron microscopy. The intestinal tissues were further graded for the enzymatic activities of COX-1, COX-2 and 15-LOX. Both ALA and LA demonstrated momentous protection against MTX induced intestinal toxicity, which could be attributed to their prooxidant nature.


Universitat Pompeu Fabra Department of Information and Communication Technologies Sound and Music Computing Retrieval of Drum Samples by High-Level Descriptors by Javier ARREDONDO GARRIDO Systems that manage audio databases for sound description and retrieval could be really useful within a context of music production. In this thesis, one of these systems has been created using classification techniques, by the application of learning algorithms and audio feature selections on two datasets. One of them is composed by commercial sounds and the other one is formed with sounds from an online repository of Creative Commons audio content. Due to the fact that drums are a fundamental element on most of the musical genres nowadays, it is the family of instruments chosen to train and test the presented classification models. Research is focused on finding generalist drum instrument class and category models, understanding category as the source nature of the sample (acoustic or digital). Generalization on these models lead us to be able to classify different drum sound datasets, achieving good model and prediction accuracies. Combining these models with an annotation of our datasets with specific values of audio high-level descriptors (Brightness, Hardness, Roughness and Depth), a drum samples retrieval tool could be created and would open new possibilities for database management within a music production framework.


Abstract : The flutter of two-bay clamped-edge and simply supported panels at supersonic Mach numbers is studied to determine the influence of structural and aerodynamic coupling. It is found that the effect of structural coupling between the panel bays is unimportant both for the 'single-degree-offreedom' flutter modes that are critical at the lower supersonic Mach numbers and for the critical coupled flutter modes that develop at higher supersonic Mach numbers. The effect of aerodynamic coupling is found to be of importance for the 'single-degree-of-freedom' flutter modes only. Furthermore, the severity of this effect is highly dependent upon the panel boundary conditions. (Author)


In this paper a new generalisation of Hankel transform of two variations has been made. The theory of self-reciprocal functions in two variables has also been developed on the basis of Reed's theory of double transform with some theorems.


In order to ensure effective layered water injection, it is of great significance to establish the functional relationship among the equivalent diameter of damage, leakage and pressure of sealing cylinder. In this paper, the experimental and numerical simulation experiments were carried out to study the relationship between gap flow rate, pressure drop and equivalent diameter of sealing cylinder under the conditions of uniform corrosion, fracture non-uniformity and random groove non-uniform distribution and scratches in different tubing, equivalent diameters and gap widths. Through a lot of data analysis, the relationship between the damage state and the leakage quantity is established and evaluated by physical simulation test. The research shows that the error between the established model function relation and the test data is no more than 10%. By simulating the damage condition of the shock sealing cylinder and quantitatively detecting the defect of the sealing cylinder, the model function relation can well predict the corresponding damage situation. Therefore, this model function can be used to solve sealing cylinder inspection problem, so as to judge the seal defect and leakage quantity which is independent of the experience of the person in charge of the site and able to use the data as a basis for judgment. This research provides a new technology for the effective prediction of the damage of sealing cylinder, and provides theoretical guidance for selecting matching sealing tools and realizing layered mining.


1 313 migrant workers in Zhejiang Province were investigated based on stratified sampling.The influential factors of consumption level and consumption structure were analyzed based on multivariate logistic regression and the corresponding analysis respectively.As indicated by the results,the two generations of migrant workers have the same level of consumption,which is mainly influenced by income,cultural degree and vocation;but the consumption concept and pattern of new generation of migrant workers changed greatly,they are gradually integrating into the urban consumption market,and the general consumption structure is becoming reasonable.


Combining with the damage of the roads in export process area of Tianjin,the paper analyzes the reasons for the pavement damage,points out the treatment measures to meet the demands aiming at the differences of all roads and the surrounding development and combining with the recent and future periods,so as to ensure the reasonability of the design.


The invention discloses a rear floor structure which comprises a rear floor (1). The rear floor structure further comprises a third-row seat front installing cross beam (2) on the front side above the rear floor (1), a floor lower cross beam (3) arranged below the rear floor (1) corresponding to the front installing cross beam, rear floor upper longitudinal beams (4) arranged on two sides above the rear floor (1) and rear floor lower longitudinal beams (5) arranged below the rear floor (1) corresponding to the rear floor upper longitudinal beams (4), wherein front reinforcing ribs are arranged in areas of both the third-row seat front installing cross beam (2) and the floor lower cross beam (3) corresponding to the rear floor (1); and side reinforcing ribs (14) are arranged in areas of the rear floor upper longitudinal beams (4) and the rear floor lower longitudinal beams (5) corresponding to the rear floor (1). The strength of the rear floor structure is effectively improved.


The article considers the dynamics of the number of enterprises by their size and shows the net profit (loss) from their activities. It is established that a significant number of enterprises of different sizes suffer losses every year. To avoid this trend, companies should use timely remedial measures that can bring the company out of unsatisfactory financial condition, improve its solvency and profitability. The interpretation of the concept of "sanitation" by domestic and foreign scientists is considered, which should be interpreted as a set of consistent, interconnected measures of financial, economic, production, technical, organizational and social nature, aimed at removing the business entity from the crisis in a long-term competitiveness. It is established that depending on the nature of anti-crisis measures, the company can use in its activities defensive and offensive tactics. Defensive tactics are focused on a large-scale anti-crisis process and aims to gain more time for sanitation measures to stabilize the financial condition of the enterprise, while offensive tactics involve active strategic action. The characteristics of external and internal sanitation are given. It is established that the main types of external sanitation are: sanitation of the enterprise aimed at debt reorganization, sanitation of the enterprise aimed at reorganization of the enterprise and sanitation of the enterprise through its sale as an integral property complex. The main sources of cash receipts during the recovery of the company's debt solvency are considered. Measures aimed at restoring current solvency are aimed at creating or restoring mechanisms for generating cash in amounts sufficient to settle with creditors and finance current expenses. Taking into account the factor of financial security, as a result of research it is established that there are the following forms of sanitation: sanitation based on the use of funds and resources of the enterprise, sanitation at the expense of business owners and sanitation at the expense of creditors. It is established that timely overcoming of losses will prevent bankruptcy of enterprises and determine the best ways to increase its solvency and strengthen financial stability.


Diseases or conditions where diaphragm muscle (DIAm) function is impaired, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cachexia, asthma and aging are associated withincreased risks of pulmonary symptoms, longer duration of hospitalizations and increasing requirements for mechanical ventilation. Vitamin-D deficiency is associated with proximal muscle weakness that resolves following therapy with vitamin D3. Skeletal muscle expresses the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which responds to the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by altering gene expression in target cells. In knock-out mice without skeletal muscle VDRs, there is marked atrophy of muscle fibers and a change in skeletal muscle biochemistry. We used a tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle Cre recombinase in Vdrfl/fl mice (Vdrfl/fl actin.iCre+) to assess the role of muscle-specific VDR signaling on DIAm specific force, fatigability and fiber type-dependent morphology. Vdrfl/fl actin.iCre+ mice treated with vehicle and Vdrfl/fl mice treated with tamoxifen served as controls. 7 days following the final treatment, mice were euthanized, the DIAm was removed and isometric force and fatigue were assessed in DIAm strips using direct muscle stimulation. The proportion and cross-sectional areas of DIAm fiber types were evaluated by immunolabeling with myosin heavy chain antibodies differentiating type I, IIa and IIx and/or IIb fibers. We show that in mice with skeletal muscle-specific VDR deletion, maximum specific force and residual force following fatigue are impaired, along with a selective atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers. These results show that the VDR has a significant biological effect on DIAm function independent of systemic effects on mineral metabolism.


The present invention relates to a liquid / gas or liquid / cyclone type liquid (2), whose release properties are stabilized when the flow rate and proportions of liquid phases (9.3, 1.4) separating vary, with a tray ( 2d) located in the lower part of a cylindrical separation chamber, fed at its upper end in a tangential inlet (2a) .The present invention also relates to an installation and a method of separating oil and water contained in a crude oil using a cyclone according to the invention.


THE demand from both veterinarians and clients for higher levels of clinical specialism, coupled with increasing pressure on the veterinary schools' referral time, has led to a burgeoning network of private referral practices. This type of practice brings its own set of rewards and challenges, as Peter Renwick describes.


One- and two-"year"-old seedlings of Pinus silvestris L., from which the buds had been removed, were studied for five weeks during the second and third growth period, respectively. Intact seedlings were used as controls. The seedlings were cultivated under controlled conditions in a climate chamber. The growth of the seedlings was determined and the one-"year"-old needles assayed for changes in net photosynthesis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity and in the levels of protein, Kjeldahl nitrogen, chlorophyll and starch.

In the control the carboxylase activity and the content of protein, Kjeldahl nitrogen and starch in the needles increased in the beginning of the "summer" and decreased during the shoot growth period. The starch content was higher after bud removal (decapitation), since the carbohydrate could not be utilized for the growth of the new shoot. Decapitation did not affect the growth rate of the roots.

The content of Kjeldahl nitrogen and total and soluble protein in the needles was higher in the decapitated seedlings during the period of shoot elongation in the control. Total nitrogen, but not protein, reached high levels, indicating accumulation of non-protein compounds. The general course of the chlorophyll pattern was not affected. Higher ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity than in the control was observed in the later part of the experimental periods. The higher levels of protein and nitrogen as well as of carboxylase activity after decapitation support the interpretation that soluble protein, including the carboxylase, and possibly other nitrogen compounds in the older needles are used for growth of the shoot. The loss of protein and nitrogen and of carboxylase activity in the control did not seem to be due to mineral deficiency in the substrate.

Despite higher levels of carboxylase activity and similar chlorophyll concentrations, light-saturated net photosynthesis was lower after decapitation. The ratio between photosynthesis and photorespiration was not affected.


Abstract Academic achievement and high test scores are not the only indicators of a successful school. A good school is also a safe school. Unfortunately, every year in the United States, approximately 3.7 million students suffer an injury at school severe enough to require medical attention or to limit activity. Most of the injuries are preventable. Data can be extremely effective in convincing school decision makers to take action to prevent injuries. Several state and local school systems in the United States have used either ongoing surveillance systems or a one time data collection effort to describe and highlight the school injury problem, leading to the design and evaluation of injury prevention programs. This article provides examples of some of these school-related injury surveillance efforts. It illustrates how health educators can make a difference by getting involved in the creation of surveillance systems and using the generated data to make a convincing argument for school injury prevention. By forming partnerships and developing prevention programs based on local data, a health educator can lead the way to safer schools.


Motive or driving car head assembly of rail vehicles, in particular multiple units for passenger, whose surface is curved by more than one axis, characterized in that in the motive or driving trailer head (1) positioned in the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle, encircling transverse frames (6) are provided between which extends in the longitudinal direction of the extruded profiles (5 ') are arranged which are predominantly in the range of more than about an axis curved surface on the additional outwardly facing side blades (7), to fill, with insulation materials (11), after appropriate mechanical shaping under optional integration of insulating materials (11) with an outer skin (9) forming the outer contour of the rail vehicle and an optional, external skin-forming coating (9 ') or by suitable mechanical shaping with or without spacers (10).


Spectroscopic characterization of Eu-doped strontium fluorophosphate is presented. Europium occurs in two valence states, and the principal Eu3+ site exhibits unusual dynamic behavior.


Starting from the discovery of a cheek-booth Dinotherium giganteum KAUP in the river Onar in Gerona we can consider that the Miocene formations of La Selva expand up to this area


TiS 2 belongs to a family of layered compounds that displays promise as a thermoelectric material. At room temperature the thermopower (a) of TiS 2 displays an n-type behavior, with a magnitude of ≈ -200 μV/K. The electrical resistivity (ρ), is on the order of 1 mΩ-cm at room temperature and displays a "metallic-like" behavior with dR/dT > 0 from 300 K to 10 K. Thus, these compounds exhibit relatively large power factors (PF = α 2 /ρ) with a PF ∼30 μW/K 2 cm at T = 300 K, which are comparable to the state-of-the art Bi 2 Te 3 type materials, which have a PF ∼40 μW/K 2 , at T = 330K. These values suggest that further investigations of these systems could be profitable. Thin plate-like crystals of TiS 2 are grown by the iodine vapor transport method with planar dimensions of 1 cm and thicknesses of 20 μm or more. In this synthetic approach some dopants can be integrated into the parent compound, effectively providing a route for the tuning of electronic properties. We present here some effects of elemental doping on the electronic properties in these TiS 2 based materials.


The universal way of electric bicycle battery-storages charge the whole battery-storages,but this way neglected difference of the battery-storages,using this kind of way,battery-storages will likely experience overchargeing or undercharging,thus damaging the battery storage early.In view of this problem,this item adopt the technique of charging the single battery-storage at the same time,with the single a storage battery carries the electric voltage monitors with refresh the control for target,to guarantee each a battery-storage capacity consist with the electric voltage,to prolong its service life.Marke-foreground this system of 36 V charging battery-storages will be very good.


Article is devoted the philosophical analysis of a phenomenon of a metaphor. The basic theories and the concepts which have defined the further studying of this phenomenon are considered.


This paper describes the development of roll covers which can withstand the demanding conditions in the calender nip, ie the mechanical and thermal forces which can cause cover deformation, downtime and broke. Soft calendering was made possible with the introduction of cast covers made of thermo-set resins. These covers offered superb surface homogeneity and repairability ; but they were limited in both temperature and mechanical resistance, and there was a tendency to develop cracks after initial mechanical damage. These limitations were overcome by the composite cover with fibre reinforced functional layer which offered : superior mechanical strength, impact and marking resistance, abrasion resistance, and high temperature resistance. Then came the TopTech HC, which combines the excellent surface properties of the cast cover with the resistance of the fibre reinforced functional layer. For example, the low thermal expansion of this cover reduces the possibility of damage from stickie deposits, which increase the local nip load causing : a local increase in temperature, thermal expansion, a hot spot, and a damaged cover. In addition, the multi layer structure of the new cover increases resistance to local mechanical damage from objects passing through the nip - the most frequent cause of cover change.


The purpose of the study was to examine service quality, service attribute, and technical response that should be prioritized based on House of Quality design in Medical Center UMM. This study applied Quality Function Deployment method. The results of the study showed that technical response and service attribute should be developed again. The important aspect of technical response was communication and behavior ethics of staffs. They could make 11 technical responses as strategies to improve service quality in Medical Center UMM.


ABSTRACT Diarrhea has been long a public health concern in the world especially to infants and children. Diarrhea can be caused by many factors including sanitation, clean and healthy behavior, and access to clean water, consumption of drinking water and food, and so on. The results of the research in Tanah Bumbu Regency stated that some of the main causes related to the incidence of diarrhea in Tanah Bumbu Regency included Sanitation, Healthy and clean behavior, clean water access, and drinking water access. Secondary data analysis held to define the scheme of drinking water consumption in families with diarrhea patients in Tanah Bumbu Regency. The result showed that the most families with diarrhea consumed refill drinking water (67.06%) with most of them did not do any pre-treatment to the water (81.55%). The water consuming pattern has been changed to community of Tanah Bumbu Regency by consuming refilling water. Processing (boiling) refilling water before drinking can reduce the risk of diarrhea. Keywords : refilling drinking water, diarrhea, drinking water consumption patterns


AbstractThe yield strength of a metallic technological surface with biaxial residual stresses may be determined using X-ray stress analysis techniques. Shot peening can increase the superficial proof stresses of a spring steel treated in the hard state, even though there is a considerable decrease in the half width of the X-ray diffraction profile. It can therefore be concluded that for a metallic material in the hard state, the half width parameter of the X -ray interference lines at the surface does not correctly reflect static strength.


Endoscopic biopsies from the distal ileal mucosa in 366 subjects with suspectedlower gastrointestinal disease and 81 normal volunteers were examined comparatively withlight microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and ilcoscopy.Mucosal atrophyof distal ileum were found in 21 cases.Endoscopically the atrophied ileal mucosa pre-sented a pale red colour and the twiggy vessels were distinct.The lumen of the distalileum was usually dilated.Histopathological and SEM study of the above 21 patientsand 81 normal volunteers was carried out.Heal biopsy samples were marked with Indianink on the mucosal surface,and serially sectioned after their orientation was defined.The range of villou height was 0-320 μm,averaging 185±164 μm in the ilcal mucosalatrophy group(IMAG),whereas it was 370-500 μn,averaging 416±22 μm in thenormal volunteers.The difference between the normal group and the IMAG was signifi-cant ,P<0.001 ,The atrophied ilcal mucosa could bc divided into four grades accordingto its villous height,our definition is as follows :Grade 0-from lower limit of normalvalue to 300 μm is a height which suggests that mucosal atrophy might bc present:Grade 1-300-200 μm is difincd as slight mucosal atrophy;Grade 2 200-100μm,moderate mucosal atrophy;Grade 3 from 100 μm to disappcarance of villi,severemucosal atrophy.Villous atrophy was found not in proportion to the cxtent of mucosalinflammation.Atrophied villi under microscope showed a shortened ,battlement-like ap-pearance.Sometimes the villi had disappeared.Under SEM,the villi appeared shor-tened,papilla-like or gyrus-like.


Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly popular and are widely used in many applications. Sensors can be used for environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation and traffic control. Many of these applications require sensors with speech recording/transmitting capabilities. In such cases, bandwidth usage could be significantly reduced if speech is transmitted as a sequence of automatically recognized words. In this work we propose a system which incorporates speech recognition capable sensor nodes and a central unit operated by a human transcriber. Our approach is to combine the two estimates (from human and machine speech recognizers) based on their reliability in order to achieve an improved estimate.


Gradient porous pure SiC ceramics with directional SiC crystals and pores were fabricated by the high-temperature recrystallization process. In this work, silicon carbide decomposed to produce the gas mixture. The flow of gas mixture along the axial direction in the porous green body induces the surface ablation, rearrangement, and recrystallization of silicon carbide grains, which leads to the formation of the aligned columnar silicon carbide crystals and tubular pores in the axial direction. The different rates of the decomposition and recrystallization of SiC in different parts of samples resulted in the formation of the gradient porosity and pore size along the axial section of sample. Si3N4 powder was used as a pore-former, which promotes the formation of the gradient and interconnectivity of pores. With increasing Si3N4 contents, the total porosity and weight loss increase while the pores size and bending strength decrease. The total porosity of samples is 38–45%, and their bending strength is 33–38 MPa.


AbstractAim:To examine the effect of GNTI [5′-guanidinyl-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6,7-dehydro-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-6,7-2′,3′-indolomorphinan], a selective antagonist for the kappa opioid receptor, in the MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate)-induced behavioral model of psychosis in schizophrenia as a way to explore the involvement of the kappa opioid receptor in modulating psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.Methods:Two doses of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg) were administered by systemic injection in mice to induce psychosis-like behavior as a rodent schizophrenia model, preceded by an injection of different doses of GNTI. Both locomotion and stereotypy were measured as the behavioral endpoints for quantitative analysis.Results:GNTI inhibited MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy. In particular, GNTI showed differential modulation of stereotypy induced by 0.3 mg/kg vs 0.6 mg/kg MK-801.Conclusion:Antagonism of kappa opioid receptors attenuates MK-801-induced behavior, suggesting a potential involvement of the kappa opioid receptor in psychosis-like symptoms of schizophrenia. GNTI appears to be a useful pharmacological tool to explore the kappa opioid receptor function in vivo.


Two topics have long captured my attention as a geographer who has devoted his entire academic career to investigations of indigenous agriculture in the arid areas of North America: Zea mays (corn) and irrigation technologies. The best evidence uncovered to date places the domestication of corn in the exceptionally dry Balsas Depression of southern Mexico. Its evolution, diffusion, and cultural repercussions throughout the Americas have been recently subjected to a thorough assessment in an edited volume involving contributions by no fewer than eighty distinguished scholars (Staller, Tykot, and Benz 2006). Charles Mann (2005, 191-203) provides a fascinating and articulate overview of maize domestication and its impact on Mesoamerica and beyond. In my opinion these are the thirteen next-best pages in his book and, unlike the decidedly academic tome of John Staller, Robert Tykot, and Bruce Benz, will reach a huge lay audience. The section titled "Tiny Cobs" mentions everything from the earliest archaeological discoveries in rock shelters to the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center established as part of the green revolution. Interviews with local farmers and tortilla-shop operators are laced with a survey of academic literature that includes conceptual and theoretical discussions of the dump-heap hypothesis i la Edgar Anderson (1952); wild plants' ability, and domesticated crops inability, to dehisce i la Jack Harlan (1992); the role, or lack thereof, of tripsacum in domestication i la Paul Mangelsdorf (1974), and even Mary Eubanks (1997); the role of teosinte i la George Beadle (1980) and Hugh Iltis (2000); landraces; pollination and seed selection; the complexities and diversities of milpas; and the importance of producing yields of 200 pounds per acre in order to make the cultivation effort worthwhile i la Anne Kirkby (1973)-a figure that was reached concomitantly with the rise of the first civilizations. Mann's conclusion that pre-European farmers were "determined, aggressive, knowledgeable plant breeders" (p. 196) is to me a bit of an overstatement. His accurate observations that farmers today are knowledgeable about differences in the growth patterns of various races does not mean that they are wizards at developing newer ones. I am reminded of the sobering missive of George Carter (1978, 246): just because ancient people lived in caves does not mean they understood the architectural principle of the true arch. Evidence indicates that traditional farmers work to preserve existing varieties, not create new ones (Johannessen 1982). New varieties come about not so much by design, or even trial and error, as by accident; they are inadvertent hybrids. If Anderson and Harlan are right-and, on the basis of new evidence, many specialists increasingly think they are-then the products of favorable accidental hybridization are preserved and the products of unfavorable ones are abandoned.


Center of pressure (COP) has been long used to investigate standing postural control. However, there is still lack of COP measures which can give information about how well controlled the standing posture is. This paper presents a novel Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) measure for COP. The classical Lempel-Ziv complexity is improved with neighborhood coarse graining to fit it for analyzing two-dimensional COP trajectory as a whole. The proposed neighborhood coarse graining based Lempel-Ziv complexity (NGLZC) was evaluated by monitoring changes of standing postural sway complexity induced by visual input. The results reflected that COP NGLZC values in three kinds of visual input conditions showed consistent pattern across subjects, whereas the LZC values of COP medial-lateral component and the anterior-posterior component reflected no meaningful pattern. Furthermore, it was found that a statistically significant effect for the visual input factor on COP NGLZC (ANOVA: P < 0.001). Hence, the COP NGLZC can be used as a good indicator of standing postural control.


Guide to accompany an activity on the Making a Murderer series Review some resources for the issues that arise out of the Netflix series.


An enlarged superior thyroid artery with increased blood flow to a large benign ade nomatous goiter was found to be the cause of a bruit in the region of the right carotid bifur cation. We have not been able to find mention of this cause for a cervical bruit in the litera ture.


The construction of archives security system is a very important part of China's three security system construction,and the establishment of security risk evaluation index is very important part,which related with perfect archives security system and risk prevention effectiveness play.This article chiefly described file security risk assessment work,on the basis of analyzing the necessity of archives safety risk evaluation index,in focus on how to build a security risk evaluation index.


Weeber et al., Plasmon polaritons of metallic nanowires for controlling Submicron propagation of light, Sep. 15, 1999, pp. 9061–9068.* T. Greber, J. Osterwalder, S. Hifner, and L. Schlapbach; Enhanced Plasmon-Loss Emission Along A1011 Chains Upon Heating; Oct. 15, 1991; pp. 8958–8961. P. Dawson, F. de Fornel, and J.P. Goudonnet, Imaging of Surface Plasmon Propagation and Edge Interaction Using a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope; May 2, 1994; pp. 2927-293O. P. Dawson, K.W. Smith, F. de Fornel, J.P. Goudonnet; Imaging of Surface Plasmon Launch and Propagation Using a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope; Nov./Dec. 1993; pp. 287–292. B. Hecht, H. Bielefeldt, L. Novotny, Y. Inouye, and D.W. Pohl; Local Excitation, Scattering, and Interference of Sur face Plasmons; Aug. 26, 1996; pp. 1889-1892. J.R. Krenn, A. Dereux, J.C. Weeber, E. Bourillot, Y. Lac route, and J.P. Goudonnet, Squeezing the Optical Near-Field Zone by Plasmon Coupling of Metallic Nano particles; Mar. 22, 1999: pp. 2590–2593. Jean-Claude Weeber; Cristian Girard; Joachim R. Krenn, Alain Dereux, and Jean-Pierre Goudonnet; Near-Field Optical Properties of Localized Plasmons Around Litho graphically Designed NanoStructures; Sep. 1, 1999, pp. 2576-2583. Jean-Claude Weeber, Alain Dereux; Christian Girard; Joachim R. Krenn and Jean-Pierre Goudonnet, Plasmon Polaritons of Metallic Nanowires For Controlling Submi cron Propagation of Light; Sep. 15, 1999, pp. 9061-9068. Robert M. Dickson and L. Andrew Lyon; Unidirectional Plasmon Propagation in Metallic Nanowires; Apr. 14, 2000; pp. 6095–6098.


We consider a class of spatially distributed systems with spatially periodic coefficients that enter the system as perturbation. We then analyze the stability properties of the system for various frequencies of the perturbation. We show that, up to first order in the perturbation amplitude, parametric resonance can only occur at the isolated frequency equal to twice the frequency of the marginally-stable mode of the unperturbed system. Finally, we derive explicit expressions for the perturbation expansion of the marginally-stable mode, for all frequencies of the perturbation, and show how strict stability can be achieved for an appropriate choice of the perturbation.


The knowledge and perceptions of meat handlers toward meat safety in most developing countries, particularly Nigeria, remain largely unknown. In this study, the knowledge, attitude, and practices of abattoir workers and veterinarians toward meat safety in abattoir or slaughter slabs within Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were assessed.

Fifty participants comprising abattoir workers (40) and veterinarians (10) were interviewed face-to-face on a once-off basis using two different structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM version 23).

The overall knowledge (82.5%), attitude (72.5%), and practices (67.5%) toward meat safety were poor in majority of abattoir workers. The poor knowledge, attitude, and practices were significantly associated with their education levels (X2 = 23.377; P = 0.000), ages (X2 = 9.562; P = 0.023), and years of working in the abattoir (X2 = 8.966; P = 0.011), respectively. Veterinarians had good overall knowledge (70.0%), attitude, and practices (100.0%).

There is a need for proper training, monitoring, and education of abattoir workers as well as routine inspection by appropriate authorities to ensure compliance with standard practices toward ensuring production of safe wholesome meat. Also, professional training of veterinarians on meat safety despite their good knowledge, attitude, and practices is highly recommended.


Mail-order pharmacies may not always provide the lowest costs for employers, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary, according to Michael Johnsrud, associate director of the Center for Pharmacoeconomic Studies at the University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy.


Feb. 13, 1964. 9pgs.
"Hon. W.G. Davis Minister of Education, to visit the University as a guest of the student Council". Beatles on Ed Sullivan Feb. 9, 1964, in anti-Beatle letter.

Editors: G.H. Rust D-'Eye, F.W. Gorbet, W.T. Dampier
Typists: Penny Williams, F.W. Gorbet
Circulation: Lillian Hale, Sue McLeod
Art: Linda Pelletterio
Mortician: Barb Beavis
Distribution: Sam Mungai
Proofreading: Charleen Harris
Birthday Cake: Penny Williams

Contributors: Lillian Hale, Al Offstein, George Howden, Russ Biggar, John McCullam, Phil Spencer, Bill Farr, Doug Markle, Chuck Magwood

C.U.S congress at York
Tuition up next year?...maybe
Editorial potpourri
Face the artist
Education minister here Tuesday
Philosophy club holds seminars
From Bonavista to Vancouver Island by Lillian Hale
Student replaces athlete as "hero"
Science, culture, and values
O Canada!
The incomparable atuk... by Mordecai Richler reviewed by Russel Biggar
Plans made for a gala contest
Kultur Kampf by Errol Reid
Leave well enough alone by G.F. Howden
The poet's corner
Athletic supporter
York downs Osgoode 5-1
Letters to the editor


Many philosophers defend two claims: the astronomical value thesis that it is astronomically important to mitigate existential risks to humanity, and existential risk pessimism, the claim that humanity faces high levels of existential risk. It is natural to think that existential risk pessimism supports the astronomical value thesis. In this paper, I argue that precisely the opposite is true. Across a range of assumptions, existential risk pessimism significantly reduces the value of existential risk mitigation, so much so that pessimism threatens to falsify the astronomical value thesis. I argue that the best way to reconcile existential risk pessimism with the astronomical value thesis relies on a questionable empirical assumption. I conclude by drawing out philosophical implications of this discussion, including a transformed understanding of the demandingness objection to consequentialism, reduced prospects for ethical longtermism, and a diminished moral importance of existential risk mitigation.


In this letter, we propose a generalized nested array (GNA) with two flexible co-prime factors for enlarging the inter-element spacing of two concatenated uniform linear subarrays. It is shown that both the prototype nested array and generalized co-prime array can be interpreted as special cases. The closed-form expressions for the range of consecutive lags and the number of unique lags are derived for any given factors. After optimization, GNA has the same number of degrees of freedom as (super) nested array but with reduced mutual coupling. Numerical simulations prove the superiority of proposed configuration using compressed sensing algorithm.


The heat transfer is important in engineering field and aspects of the life. Many equipment was made by using principles of the heat transfer, like: the oven, iron, the car machine, the muffler, the room cooler et cetera. The principle of the work in the research, there was the heat source at the upper side and the sink (heat remover) at the bottom side so that the temperature different ( was significant) along metal that was tested. The heat source from the electric heater,the object the test togethered with his heater all was isolated. The test object consisted aluminum with 20 mm2 cross section area, the steel and copper have 10 mm2 cross section area. The results that that the conductivity of copper was biggest were followed with aluminum and finally the steel.


Aerobics teaching is an important part of physical education,for students also one of the most popular sports,and in the training process of students' temperament,conservation and other aspects plays an important role.Furthermore if melted with dance elements into aerobics,aerobics teaching practice and theory will move to a new level.Therefore,the author of their own work experience gives a fully summarization of the understanding,practice teaching,successful experiences and some existing problems when melting dance elements into aerobics,and puts forward some proposals and views of the future development trend of the reform.


Building large models, with little dynamics, was long considered to be an alternative to small dimensional time series models involving many lags. The advantages of one modelling methodology are compared to others; such as the size of the model, the use of economic theory, and simultaneity in specification. The question of how to evaluate the possible relative advantages of these alternatives is discussed. The conclusion is that in the future, time series models have to become larger, that is, involve more variables and that some lessons can be learnt from the construction of current large econometric models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Title: Creating flow and drive in the rehearsal – a study on choral conducting

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the complex rehearsal strategies of the choral conductor and how (s)he can create "the great choral rehearsal" by observing and interviewing two choral conductors' actions during a rehearsal and discuss the purpose of these actions.
To collect data the stimulated recall method has been used which involves the use of both video recordings and a subsequent research interview. Both participating conductors are active in the amateur choral life in Denmark and Sweden.
The study shows a number of actions performed by the conductors, including supporting the choir with piano playing, starting and stopping the choir and giving instructions/feedback while the choir members are singing. One of the purposes of their actions is to create a drive in the rehearsal. A second purpose is for the singers to go through a musical and social development through the acting of the conductor. Furthermore, their actions are associated with the flow theory as attributed to the psychologist M. Csikszentmihalyi.


This article through the literature material law,the logical analytic method,based on the artistic expression as the research angle of view,around the professional players of Latin dance art form factor,and the way of training the overall understanding and analysis,aims to provide some reference for professional players of Latin dance artistic expressive force.


EDITOR : Mr. Tesler makes violent charges without pinpointing the specific object he is attacking. For example, in his first paragraph he claims the paper contains "several serious errors." He never states anywhere in his letter what these serious errors are. What does Tesler mean? Does he mean the program philosophy is in-correct? Does he mean the program will not work? Does he mean the program can not handle the problem it purports to deM with? In the first paragraph he objects to our flowchart and program because it "erroneously claimed novel discovery of a standard method which removes some of its ineI~ciency, and failed entirely to remove its remaining ine:~ciency." Tesler never bothers to support his contention that the method is "standard" nor does he describe specifically these two types of inefficiencies. Tesler's letter is inconsistent. For example in his paragraph 1 he implies that we erred in rejecting Berge's algorithm, while in his paragraph 5, he agrees that the Berge algorithm is not re..dly useful for these problems. Mr. Tesler's main claim appears to be that he can draw a "simpler" flowchart than ours. He fails however to emphasize the fact that he has borrowed heavily our logic and our ideas. For example, he employs the combinatorial matrix, the chain idea, and the ITEST array idea. See also our DO 100 loop. Prodded by our previous correspondence he modestly allows in his Paragraph 4 that his flowchart is based on ours. Admittedly our code, as any code, is susceptible to improvement. Mr. Tesler and also one of our colleagues have suggested testing each node for duplication in the ITEST array before testing whether the node is an initial point of a chain. This is a good idea which will simplify the handling of ctmins. In our earlier correspondenee and even now, Tesler fails to distinguish between the conception of an idea and the implementation of the idea by a programming language. For example, he rejects our claim of novelty for the ITEST array idea because ALGOL language has Boolean capability. The fact remains nevertheless that the eoneept of the I T E S T array-to reduce (N-1) comparisons to one comparison is novel. That Tesler can find an ALGOL 60 Boolean array to implement the I T E S T idea (now that we have slated it) does not tarnish the novelty of the idea. After all, the …


For those libraries having large e-journal collections, the work required to maintain the URLs stored in the MARC record using ALEPH delivered methods can be substantial. Stony Brook has developed a method that takes advantage of the MARC structure, SQL, and the ALEPH procedure p_manage_21 to automate global updates.
Version: 14.2+


Urban planning is the organized planning of the physical environment that the mankind lives by providing the safety in line with the social, cultural and economical needs. The primary objective of the planning is to create healthy, reliable and durable living spaces. At this point, especially earthquakes and their effects in the countries that are located on the seismic belts of the world constitute the primary geologic threshold. Inadequate consideration of the geohazards and the constraining effects of the geological environment or lack of precaution due to improper projection of the analysis and synthesis results to the planning and the planning decisions give rise to the increase in earhtquake damages. Geological studies aimed at reducing the effects of the ground movements due to earthquakes are of prime significance on the reduction of damage that consitutes the basis of earthquake sensitive planning studies. Geologists, engineers, architects and planners, in creating the earthquake resistant cities, should determine the geologic hazard processes in advance and for the prevention of hazards turning into the risks and for the reduction of the damage, required precautions should take place in an interdiscplinary work. In this context, the main study is to conduct geologic and geotechnic analyses that will orient the suitability for settlement and land use decisions. The success of the damage reduction work after earthquake is proportional to the scientific base and the accuracy of the decisions. Geological data that enable the earthquake damage reduction and are analyzed in every plan step seperately should be evaluated in coordination with the criteria of planning and design. The risks resulting from urban texture, building quality, settlement layout and macroform should also be integrated with the analyses and synthesis.


Food composition of shrimp-paste was determined by analysing the shrimp-paste samples collected from eastern, middle and southern part of Thailand in the year 1988. The food composition was found as follows: moisture 30.79-58.55%, fat 1.36-4.11%, protein 13.66-31.32%, carbohydrate 0-11.83%, ash 16.25-38.81%, crude fibre 0.05-4.46% and salt 15.55-33.77%. 'The food composition obtained from this study had nearly the same range as reported in the year 1973. The variation of the food composition was completely affected by the different process used. Key words: Food composition, Shrimp-paste.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. Letter to Editor Deep Brain Stimulation in the Posteromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei in Refractory Aggressiveness: Post-Surgical Results of 19 Cases


The specific objectives of the program are: (1) To understand the
relative behavior of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in various
environments in the biome. (2) To develop conceptual and computer
simulation models that describe nutrient, carbon, and waterflows on a
short-term basis (fewer than ten years) and which integrate research
results and increase our understanding of coniferous forests and associated
aquatic ecosystems. These models are being developed at the process,
forest stand or water column, and watershed levels. (3) To develop
conceptual and computer simulation models that describe the long-term
behavior of coniferous forest ecosystems involving succession and erosion.
(4) To understand the linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
(5) To determine the effect of manipulations, such as clearcutting,
fertilization, and defoliation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.