Http://www.ijetmr.com©International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research [16] EFFECTS OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND SUN LIGHT EXPOSURE ON SOME BOTTLED WATER MARKETED IN KIRKUK CITY, NORTH IRAQ Rabar Mohammed Hussein , Bulent Sen , Mustafa Koyun , Ali Riza Demirkiran 3 1 Aquatic science department, Faculty of aquaculture, Firat university-Elazig 2 Biology department, Faculty of science, Bingol University–Bingol 3 Soil Science, Faculty of agriculture, Bingol University–Bingol Abstract: The study was conducted for assessing the effect of storage temperature and sun light exposure on four bottled water (A, B, C, D company) marketed in Kirkuk city, north Iraq during February 2017 to May 2017. Physicochemical tests were including (EC, TDS, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, Ca, Mg, Na and K). The pH values (7.40-7.89) show slightly alkaline trend. The electrical conductivity of bottled water sample showed with short variation (209-468 μS/cm) and all samples are with the WHO and IBWA limit for drink water. Total dissolved solid (TDS) values of sample varied between (118–288 mg/L). Turbidity values for all samples from study area fluctuated between (0.06–4.99 NTU) all samples are with the WHO limit for drink water. Total alkalinity values for all samples from study area ranged between (88–205 mg CaCO3/L). Calcium and magnesium concentration in bottled water varied from 23.34–49.98 mg/L and 3.86-22.32 mg/L respectively. Sodium ion concentration ranged between 0.1-5.05 mg/L. In the present study the potassium ion concentration ranged between 0.1-1.08 mg/L. The change of physicochemical characteristic investigated when the bottled water exposed to sunlight or storage at different temperature according to WHO and IBWA.


Abstract The 1H and 13C NMR spectra for 16 di-, tri- and tetrasulfide oxide derivatives have been summarized. In addition, the relevant bond lengths and angles for 5 of these derivatives are reported from the X-ray crystal data.


Micro, small and medium sized enterprises (M/SMEs) are a dynamic force for sustained economic growth and job creation. They are a valid, crucial component of a vibrant industrial society. M/SMEs stimulate private ownership and entrepreneurial skills; they are flexible and can adapt quickly to changing market demand and supply conditions; they generate employment, help diversify economic activities and make significant contribution to export and trade. Many small projects stalled, especially in light of a great revolution of January 25, 2011. This research aims to study the policies of enhancing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises.


Advance resource reservation service in packet switched networks is a complex task. The decision points to achieve such tasks include not only the start time of the requested connection, but also the instances when the new connection may overlap with other connections that are already scheduled in the system. The task complexity is more important when the admission resource control is addressed in optical networks, particularly when service durations are uncertain, priorities are provided, and contention is possible. In this paper, we study the issues of admission control, resource reservation, and delay in optical networks. A novel scheme for this purpose is devised. The main goals of our approach are to maximize user satisfaction in terms of quality of service (QoS) guarantees, service continuity, and reservation cost reduction.


As deepening China's reform and opening-up,economics is fast-growing,the society enters into the crucial stage of social transformation,it is keeping society harmonious and stable that guarantee economics and society harmonious sustainable development,so,it is urgent to set up the assessment mechanism of social stability risk.In our work,we firstly define the society stability risk,explain the importance of building the assessment mechanism of social stability risk,then discuss several key problem in the evaluation process for society stability risks.We present the general model of society stability risks,which will give direction for the task to assess society stability risks.


Inflight icing and ice shedding as an important problem in the aviation industry have been studying in recent decades both experimentally and numerically. In recent years, the numerical approach has been privileged to simulate ice accretion and ice piece trajectory due to its cost and time efficiency. This study aims to investigate the influence of the different characters of the ice piece and airfoil on the probability of ice ingestion by an aft-mounted engine. In this order, the flow field of the Joukowski airfoil and 2D trajectory of a square plate ice piece in this flow field will be simulated.

Velocity field of Joukowski airfoil is simulated and used to compute aerodynamic forces on the square plate ice piece. Trajectories for square plate ice particles in uniform flow fields are compared with the literature to validate the developed code. As the ice shedding is associated with uncertainties regarding its initial conditions, Monte-Carlo method is used to have a statistical study on this phenomenon. Ice pass probability map around the airfoil is generated to investigate the influence of airfoils' parameters such as thickness, camber and angle of attack as well as the influence of ice's shape and mass on the trajectory of the ice piece. Ice shedding is investigated separately for upside and downside of the leading edge.

Initial condition of ice shedding is found to be an important factor in ice trajectories. Results show that ice ingestion probability by engine changes for different set of parameters of airfoil and ice piece. Thicker and more curved airfoils impose less ice ingestion risk. Airfoil's angle of attack has different influence on the probability map depending on the location of the ice shedding. Rectangular and sphere ice particles are more likely than square ice pieces to pass through the engine. Also it is shown that Magnus effect has an important influence on the ice trajectories which cannot be ignored in ice trajectory simulations.


An effective positive charge carrier mobility of 4.4 x 10 -9 cm2/V.s was directly determined using analytical expressions for space-charge-limited current in poly(1,10-decanedioxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene-3,6-dimethoxy- 1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene-3-methoxy-1,4-phenylene), OPPVDBC, which is a soluble electroluminescent alternating block copolymer. Current vs. voltage measurements have been made using single carrier injection and transport in metal/OPPVDBC/metal structures. The experimental results demonstrate that the positive charge transport in these devices is space-charge-limited and temperature dependent. Additionally, there is evidence that the evaporation of the aluminum electrode induces an increase in the charge density near the Al/OPPVDBC interface.


In this paper we study necessary and sufficient conditions on f and the first eigenfunctions for the 1-Laplacian, for equations of the form { −div(σ)− λ = fuq−1 u ≥ 0 in Ω, σ · ∇u = |∇u|, |σ|L∞(Ω) ≤ 1, u ∈W 1,1 0 (Ω) when q ≤ N N−1 and λ ≥ λ1, λ1 is the first eigenvalue for the 1Laplacian.


The ethnicity concept frames discussions of regional politics in Pakistan today, as in many other parts of the world. However, this concept only became established in popular and academic discourse in Pakistan in the late 1980s. This article considers the conceptual apparatus for apprehending the region, in particular the region of Sindh, that was in place before ethnicity. It argues that Sindh was a heterogeneous idea articulated at times at the intersection, and at other times in the divergence, of concepts of religion, race, language, and nation. The article considers three historic moments in the context of broad global transformations: Sindh's communalization and racialization in the nineteenth century; provincialization in the early twentieth century; and finally its culturalization in the early decades of Pakistan's history. In doing so, it charts a history of the region before ethnicity and also offers a genealogy of the region as a cultural entity.


I am often told that a patient is nauseous, only to find that he or she is actually nauseated, not nauseous at all, or at least not what I mean by nauseous.

The word nausea comes from the Greek nausia or nautia, which originally meant seasickness (Greek naus = ship). In Latin nauseare meant to make sick; nauseated (from the supine form nauseatum) therefore means made to feel sick (verb transitive) or feeling sick (adjective).

Now the suffixosus in Latin meant full of or rich in. And, although nauseosus could have meant feeling sick or nauseated, it was actually used to mean causing nausea. When nauseous came into English from the Latin it first meant likely to feel sick (that is, squeamish) or fastidious, but that meaning rapidly became obsolete. At the same time nauseous was used in its original Latin sense of causing nausea, and therefore smelling or tasting unpleasant and (figuratively) loathsome or disgusting. And that meaning persisted until about the middle of the 20th century.

However, Webster's Third International Dictionary (1961) gave two different meanings of nauseous: 1. Affected with or inclined to nausea: nauseated. 2. Causing or such as might be expected to cause nausea: sickening, loathsome, disgusting. This distinction was not made in Webster's second (Webster's New International Dictionary), so presumably the new meaning arose at some time between 1913 and 1961.

The distinction between nauseous and nauseated was not discussed by Fowler in his Modern English Usage (1926), nor by Ernest Gowers in his revision of Fowler (1965), but it was discussed in Bob Burchfield's revision (1996; see also BMJ 2000;320: 357. [PubMed]), in which he distinguished between British English and American English usages. According to Burchfield, in British English nauseated means feeling sick and nauseous means disgusting, but in American English nauseous has tended to replace nauseated, while nauseating has replaced nauseous.

On the other hand, some US sources have condemned the failure to observe the original distinction between nauseous and nauseated. For example, Wilson Follett, in his Modern American Usage (1966), wrote: "When we have two adjectives, nauseous and nauseated, it should be clear that the first applies to the substance that causes the state named in the second. To call oneself nauseous, except in self-depreciation, is to ignore the point of view of the word." And Strunk and White in The Elements of Style (3rd edition, 1979) wrote: "Do not say `I feel nauseous', unless you are sure you have that effect on others."

Nevertheless, by 1989 Webster's Dictionary of English Usage had gathered a large amount of evidence of the widespread use of nauseous to mean nauseated: "Any handbook that tells you that nauseous cannot mean `nauseated' is out of touch with the contemporary [US] language."

Searching PubMed for examples of nauseous and nauseated in the titles and abstracts of bioscience publications, I have found only seven instances of nauseous in UK publications, compared with 51 worldwide, and 97 instances of nauseated worldwide. In one paper both were used: "The procedure had no significant effect on cardiovascular variables in control subjects or in subjects who were exposed to vestibular stimulation but who were not nauseated by it. Those subjects who felt nauseous showed a tachycardia and forearm vasodilatation" (Cardiovascular Research 1982;16: 610-2 [PubMed]). This example is interesting in that it shows the use of nauseated in the verbal sense and nauseous, meaning nauseated, in the adjectival.

But I still think that, although several of my patients are or become nauseated, sometimes because of drugs that I give them, very few of them are really nauseous.


Besides their lexical meanings,English color words also have rhetorical features such as simile,hyperbole,personification and symbolization.This article aims at discussing the usage of English color words from the angles of rhetoric and tra nslation in order to make a better application of them in cross-cultural commun ication.


The binding of 2-nonanone to bovine serum albumin exhibited positive cooperativity at low molal ratios of binding, indicating stabilization of the hydrophobic binding sites at low concentrations of 2-nonanone. The degree of cooperativity was affected by the type of anion present as evidenced from the changes in the Hill coefficient. The effectiveness of anions in increasing the Hill coefficient followed the Hofmeister series for anions, ie. F< SO4'< C1< Br< SCN< Cl&COO-. Also, the positive cooperativity decreased as the pH was increased from 3.0 to 7.0. The possible mechanism for the changes in the positive cooperativity of 2-nonanone binding to albumin in the presence of anions is discussed in terms of the stabilizing effect of ketones at low  concentrations  (Asakura, T., Adachi, K., and Schwartz, E. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253,6423-6426) and the destabilizing effect of lyotropic anions on protein structure.


Rationale and objectivesTo develop a simple and robust helium3 polarization system dedicated to small animal imaging. To demonstrate the potential of helium3 imaging for pulmonary ventilation and perfusion studies. MethodsA home-built polarization system based on spin-exchange technique was used. This system was applied for magnetic resonance imaging ventilation studies on rats using a 2-T magnet. Projection-reconstruction sequences combined with the sliding-window technique were used for acquisition of high temporal resolution ventilation images. ResultsHelium3 polarization levels up to 25% were obtained. Simultaneous ventilation and lung perfusion images were acquired with intravenous injection of superparamagnetic contrast agents. Dose effects were investigated using several contrast agent concentration values. ConclusionsA tabletop helium3 polarization system was realized. This equipment, which is easy to operate, allows the production of polarized gas appropriate to the requirements of small animal studies. This polarization system was used successfully on a ventilation/perfusion imaging study using intravascular contrast agent.


A standing wave can be formed in a microwave resonator if the length of the resonator is equal to one half of the wavelength multiplied by an integer. Two observers moving at the same speed will observe the resonator of the same length. They will also observe the same wavelength as the wavelength is proportional to the length of the resonator. If one observer moves in the opposite direction, they will observe an identical wavelength but two different frequencies due to the Doppler effect. Therefore, the apparent speed of the microwave appears to be different for these two observers.


Sector scan sonars can be used for detection and identification of man-made objects located on the sea floor. Wide-band acoustic signals are employed in this kind of sonar system to enhance range resolution. The conventional delay-and-sum beamformer (CBF) produces sonar images with high sidelobe levels and poor angular resolution. Adaptive beamforming algorithms together with spatial resampling can be applied to mitigate this problem. The algorithm "Spatial Processing: Optimized and Constrained" (SPOC), used in a recent work, is studied herein and shown to be identical to the basic form of the FOCal Underdetermined System Solver (FOCUSS) algorithm. A recently developed algorithm, the Iterative Adaptive Approach (IAA), is proposed for this sonar application and various implementation issues are discussed. Experimental results show that the IAA algorithm produces better sonar images than the CBF and Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithms in terms of sidelobe suppression and angular resolution. Compared with SPOC, IAA provides clearer acoustic highlights of the imaged object and a higher density of pixels representing the object.


Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and Alternaria alternata, have been most common and destructive fungus of the tomato plants, they cause Fusarium wilt and Early blight disease in tomato respectively, which is the most economically important vegetable crop and used worldwide. Since, the chitin is the major component of the fungal cell wall and it is hydrolyzed by chitinases that results into inhibition of the fungal growth. A novel ~76 kDa protein from Xenorhabdus nematophilus, was expressed in E.coli and purified. The recombinant purified protein shows both exo and endochitinase activity and strongly inhibit the hyphal growth of fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and Alternaria alternate in in-vitro. We have reported first time that a novel chitinase protein from Xenorhabdus nematophilus shows antifungal activity.


Objective To investigate the consistency of M RI detecting posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury associated with thoracolumbar factures.Methods MRI data of 170 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were reviewed retrospectively.Each case underwent MRI around one week postinjury.MRI data were analyzed and compared by three physicians respectively to discuss the consistency in MRI detection of PLC injury and the severity of PLC injury.Results Kappa coefficient was 0.846 between observer 1 and 2,0.768 between observer 1 and 3,and 0.793 between observer 2 and 3.Interobserver reliability was high and overall Kappa coefficient was 0.803.Severity of PLC injury was interrelated with spinal cord nerve injury (P < 0.05).Conclusions Accurate detection of PLC injury in thoracolumbar fractures is beneficial to clear the mechanical stability of the spine.MRI detection of PLC injury is of high consistency and hence deserves wide use.

Key words:
Spinal injuries ;  Thoracic vertebrae ;  Lumbar vertebrae ;  Posterior ligamentous complex;  Magnetic resonance imaging


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but the access to sleep lab polysomnography (PSG) is limited. Simplified techniques are needed, such as polygraphy coupled with pulse transit time (PTT-PG) that detects respiratory events and total autonomic arousals index (PTTAI). Our objective was to assess the ability of PTT-PG compared to PSG to diagnose OSA in children with DS.

METHODS
In this prospective multicenter study, patients with DS underwent a full-night PSG coupled with PTT. Sleep questionnaires (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children [SDSC] and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire [PSQ]) were filled by parents. PSG and PTT-PG results were compared to test their sensibility and specificity to diagnose OSA.

RESULTS
A total of 53 DS patients were included, their median age was 9.3 years. An obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) by PSG >1 event/h was found in 36 (68%) patients, OAHI was > 1 and < 5 events/h in 18 (34%), ≥ 5 and < 10 events/h in 11 (21%), and ≥10 events/h in 7 (13%). OAHI was larger in PSG than in PTT-PG (p=0.0005). For OSA diagnosis, the sensitivity was excellent for OAHI by PTT-PG if added total PTTAI was > 1 event/h (1.0) and the specificity was high for PSQ (0.88) and OAHI > 1 event/h in PTT-PG (1.0).

CONCLUSIONS
More than two-thirds of children with DS referred for screening by genetic specialist had OSA diagnosed by PSG. With its excellent sensitivity and specificity, PTT-PG could be a good and simplified alternative to PSG to diagnose OSA in children with DS.


We propose a duty-ratio feed-forward controller for flyback power factor correction (PFC) converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). For PFC applications, the power factor (PF) of the input current must be high under most load conditions. To improve PF of the flyback converter even under light load, we propose a compensation method for input capacitor current. The proposed controller significantly improves the displacement factor as well as the distortion factor, and therefore fly-back PFC converter can achieve the high power quality. Meanwhile, the output voltage of the PFC converter is well regulated. The derivation of the proposed method is presented and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in experiments with a 100-W rated power prototype.


Grenada is a Caribbean island that is located in the continent of South America.  Grenada, also known as the 'Spice Isle' has a population of 105,897. It is divided into seven parishes – St. George's being the capital. The country's main cultural traditions were handed down by African ancestors, however other ethnic groups such as Indians and Europeans also made contributions. Due to the large presence of Africans, their traditions were the most influential and present-day traditional dress and cultural practices reflect their elements. Key Words: Grenada Culture, Carnival, Grenada's Traditional Wear


Nuclear physics is one of the theories in the field of physics that aims to study the structure of atomic nuclei, the interactions between the compilers of atomic nuclei, and the underlying forces. This study aims to obtain a model of interaction that occurs between nucleons. The interactions between these nucleons are modeled by a binary center of mass system (two objects) and their potential experience is expressed by the Woods-Saxon potential with certain parameters. The obtained model equations are then solved using the fourth-order Runge Kutta numerical method that programmed in the Matlab programming language. In this study, this model used has been simulated on the interaction of nucleons in Deuteron, Triton, Helium-3 isotope, and Helium works well, but it did not work well in Lithium atom.


Lawyers and law firms are being presented with great challenges and difficulties that are reshaping the practice of law and the legal profession. To confront these challenges, law organizations must adapt by innovation, entrepreneurship, and change management. This Article describes the importance of innovation leadership in law organizations and describes the methods that organizations use to institute change. In particular, the Article identifies and discusses some recent highly innovative changes that law organizations have taken to address the great challenges and difficulties facing law firms and lawyers today.


Visible light communications (VLCs) have become an important and promising supplement to the Wi-Fi network for the coming 5G communications. Photodetectors with narrow field-of-view are essential for parallel data transmission, such as optical attocell networks and spatial multiple-input and multiple-output arrays. Here, we propose a design of sub-millimeter-scale flexible optical sheets with strong angular selectivity. They can be mounted to any photodetectors even with irregular surfaces and significantly narrow the field-of-view (down to 4ř or less) with a plug-and-play feature. These optical sheets pave the way toward unprecedented progress in cell densification and channel capacity for VLC-based 5G networks.


Three studies were conducted with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) with autistic individuals. In Study 1, it was found that the traditional WCST is a highly reliable test for use with both autistic children and children with learning disabilities over time. In Study 2, the equivalence of the s


Vlis research report examines various teacher and stud'ent behaviors and their effects on academic achievement. Pupil achievement leiels were,assessed before and after observing and recordirl teacher and Student behaviors occurring'in the classroom. Correlational data wai collected-from these classroom observations and.program evaluations. The first half of the report detailed research limitations, cognitive and affective aspects of learning, *sociceconomic statts es predictor of achievement, teacher functiont, and a conceptual model for examining .pupil experience. The ,i,t second hilf interpreted the research results. having a p0sitve correlation to student achievement wereime, student participatiop and cooperation,'direct'teaching methods, praide, teacher use cf evaluative feedback, establishment and implementation Of reasfnable,conduct 'rules, clarity, and small group instruction. Among.the negative achievement factors were,indirect teaaing methods, belittlement of pupils, peer pressOre,control, and unsupervised individual and small'group work. Final conslueions, references, aod te*les follow the-re-p-o-ft;Mii


Objective: Standardized patients (SPs) are widely used in medical and other health professions education. At xxxx SPs have been used for teaching-learning and assessment of basic science medical students since January 2013. The opinion of SPs about their involvement in teaching-learning and assessment of students has been recently studied. The present study had the objective of studying student perception about various aspects of the program. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted towards end of March and beginning of April 2016. Student perception regarding the program was studied by noting their degree of agreement with a set of 25 statements. Free text comments were also obtained. Gender, nationality and semester of study of the respondents was noted. The total score was compared among different subgroups of respondents. Results: Ninety-eight of the 107 students (91.6%) participated. The mean ± SD total score was 92.33 ± 13.68 (maximum possible score being 125). The scores were significantly higher among first semester students compared to other semesters. Students agreed that interacting with SPs will prepare them for interacting with patients, for their licensing exams and improve their clinical skills. Students learn how to interact with persons from a different cultural background. Suggestions for further improvement were also obtained.  Conclusions: The response rate was high and students' perception of the SP program was positive. Our experiences would be of special interest to educators in other medical schools with small and/or new SP programs. Similar feedback could be obtained from other xxx schools with SP programs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 102-107


This study is dedicated to the capability and regression analysis of chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength and tensile strength:hardness ratio of a large population of commercial class 30B, 35B and 40B gray irons produced by cupola melting. The regression equations obtained from this study can be easily used and allow one to design the optimum and cost effective chemical compositions of gray irons. They also allow one to predict the influence of any changes in chemistry on the mechanical properties of castings.


The present research sought to broaden the understanding and the uses of digital photography in constructing the discourse of seduction and persuasion used in environmental campaigns. Herein, the campaign "No to Half Amazon", developed by the Non-Governmental Organization Greenpeace Brazil (Wesley, 2004), is analyzed. Such an object was examined based on Peirce's semiotics (Peirce,2003), to study signs and the relationship among meanings, and on classical or visual rhetoric, to understand how pictures create meanings. The aim was to verify if the photographic language used in environmental campaigns have the potential to convince the message recipient to adhere to the causes the campaign advocated (Soulages, 1998). The elements raised during the present analysis corroborate this hypothesis. In this context, the discussion allows to understand the value of photographic language in graphic design for communicating political, social and environmental trends. Was considered the computational resources favor the creation of persuasive images (Ehses, Lupton, 1998) that help to convince the reader about a particular cause. This type of image in contemporary times can be used to raise awareness of the reader as to the environmental issues. The analysis verified the use of new technologies and digital manipulation promoted the construction of an image persuasive and convincing. The analysis results showed that the specific aesthetic hybridity and the resulting digital alteration of photographs used on the poster image generated a highly pregnant. This picture has been able to hold the reader's attention and make him reflect on the environmental message included on the poster.


Saprolegnia parasitica belongs to the oomycetes, a group of fungus-like organisms. The group includes many pathogens, and are able to release motile zoospores, which enables them to find new hosts. ...


In this paper, Mössbauer spectroscopy of an amorphous Fe86B14 alloy is carried out using a diamond-anvil type high-pressure cell under pressures up to 40 kbar at room temperature. The obtained high-pressure effect on the hyperfine field, ( dHf/dp=-1.42 kOe/kbar, p≥6.5 kbar) is accounted for by the reduction of Fe atom magnetization at room temperature associated with an appreciable decrease of the Curie temperature, Tc, with increasing pressure. This indicates the Invar characteristics of this material. The pressure dependence of Tc is evaluated to be dTc/dp=-3.1 K/kbar, which is smaller than that reported previously by magnetic measurements.


Abstract In this study, we present a new method of smoothing to approximate piecewise smooth functions. First, we give a new definition for piecewise smooth functions. Then, we present new local and global smoothing approximations for both one dimensional and dimensional cases. Finally, we apply our smoothing techniques on numerical examples.


Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma of children. In acute lymphocytic leukemia administration of cranial irradiation early during chemotherapy‐induced remission prevents initial meningeal relapse. When cranial irradiation is combined with a 3‐year course of multiple drug systemic chemotherapy approximately one‐half of the children remain in complete remission for 5 years or more and are at little risk of relapse. Preventive cranial irradiation is effective in children with acute myelocytic leukemia, also, but this does not affect survival because of the inadequacy of chemotherapy in controlling bone marrow disease. Low dose palliative irradiation can be helpful in caring for some children with obstructive, painful or disabling leukemic lesions.


The authors first analyze the evolution of granulation tissue in burn lesions, pointing out the structural changes that can be so important in hypertrophic scar formation. Having studied many mesh grafts performed following early tangential excision, from the histological point of view, they demonstrate the structural differences between the areas that have been in direct contact with the graft and those in which the epithelium is reformed by proliferation. They conclude that early excision of damaged tissues and immediate coverage of raw areas with autoplastic grafts—thus preventing the formation of granulation tissue—may be of fundamental importance in averting hypertrophic scarring.


Nurse scheduling is a difficult optimization problem with multiple constraints. There is extensive research in the literature solving the problem using meta-heuristics approaches. In this paper, we will investigate an intelligent search heuristics that handles cost based scheduling problem. The heuristics demonstrated superior performances compared to the original algorithms used to solve the problems described in Li et. Al. (2003) and Ozkarahan (1989) in terms of time needed to establish a feasible solution. Both problems can be formulated as a cost problem. The search heuristic consists of several phrases of search and input based on the cost of each assignment and how the assignment will interact with the cost of the resources.


This paper presents the complex antenna factor of a resistor loaded EMI dipole antenna with a balun consisting of two coaxial feeders (coaxial cable balun) for measuring electromagnetic fields. A new formula of complex antenna factor for a EMI dipole antenna with coaxial cable balun is derived using by the power loss concepts. The complex antenna factor shows that present analysis was good agreement with the result of the reference derived from Sparameters. The numerical results show that the EMI dipole antenna with high fidelity can be realized by the resistor loading.


Optimal exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs has always been a challenge due to uncertainties posed by subsurface heterogeneities that are often not factored into field development plans. Secondary and tertiary recovery mechanisms, such as waterflooding and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), are used to enhance the oilfield recovery beyond primary recovery. However, as the field development transitions to secondary/tertiary mechanisms, the challenges in monitoring these mechanisms further increase the uncertainty in field development. If these uncertainties are not reduced or incorporated properly, the field development may easily become uneconomic. This work presents a workflow that addresses the limitation of regular waterflood surveillance while characterizing the reservoir for optimal exploitation.
 The current technologies for waterflood surveillance are limited either to local surveillance methods, such as tracers, crosswell seismic and crosswell electromagnetics (EM), or to uncalibrated global realizations, such as full-field streamline simulation, with no validation between the wells (It is to be noted that a full-field reservoir simulation calibrated with production-injection data in defined time-interval is stated as a global-surveillance method in this paper). This workflow devises integration of an effective local waterflood monitoring method, crosswell EM, and a global waterflood modeling method, streamline simulation. The process of validating the parameters of a geological model and a dynamic model with time-lapse crosswell EM data significantly reduces reservoir characterization uncertainty and helps in the preparation of a precise dynamic model.


On the basis of expounding the characteristics of the brand-new economic form of network economy, this paper emphatically discusses several revelations to enterprise innovation.


The plasmonic properties of a concentric nanoshell, or "nanomatryushka", are investigated. The plasmon resonant modes are analyzed in terms of the plasmon hybridization model, where new resonances occur due to a hybridization of the plasmon modes of the inner metallic shell with those of the outer metallic shell. The plasmon resonant spectra of experimentally realized concentric nanoshells are analyzed in terms of dipolar and higher order multipolar hybridized plasmon modes. A size-dependent asymmetry in the splitting of the hybridized plasmon states is observed, which is related to phase retardation effects due to the nanostructure's finite size.


A previously described method for calculating the Lorentz factor L for orthorhombic polar crystals is modified to allow discussion of dipoles of finite size. In this approach, the field due to a lattice of point charges ±q separated by a distance d is calculated. The Lorentz factor, which relates the field at a lattice site to the macroscopic polarization, is found as a function of the dipole length d, and is seen to vary appreciably with changes in the separation between the charges. Assumption of a value of 1/3 for L can thus lead to significant errors in determining the self‐consistent polarization of crystals consisting of polarizable molecules.


Objective:To test whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP) can transfer its antioxidant function into the protection of the doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiac myoblasts H9c2.Method:H9c2 cells were exposed to DOX and/or 33μg/mL to 0.46 ng/mL of LBP.The peak concentration of LBP of protective effect to DOX-induce cytotoxicity was evaluated through examination survival ratio of cell,level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity.The effects of LBP on the cytotoxicity of DOX to H9c2 cells and A549 lung carcinoma cells were studied.Results:LBP have a peak level of protective effect at 1.85 μg/mL to survival ratio and significantly increased SOD activity and decreased the MDA level in H9c2 experimental system damaged by DOX exposure.Furthermore,Our study indicated that LBP did not attenuate the antitumor activity of DOX on A549 carcinoma cells.Conclusion Our evidence indicates that LBP elicited a typical protective effect on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in cardiac myoblasts H9c2 via suppressing oxidative stress.


Studies of international regimes have sought to describe international collaborative arrangements in more systematic terms than in the past, and to analyze their development in terms of major schools of international relations theory. This article refines the commonly used definition of regimes and elucidates the major hypotheses of one theoretical school, structural realism. The strength and nature of the international commodity trade regime are systematically described, and their development is analyzed in terms of the major hypotheses of structural realism. In large part, these hypotheses are supported by the analysis of what is a relatively weak international regime.


Good performance is one of important factor which should be owed by employee in order to help reaching organization objectives for organization development. To make a good performance, there must be needed good human resources so that there needed a career development in increasing the individual quality of employee. Career development is also important in order to increase employee performance. If employee performance has reached optimal level and there is an increasing, it would rise efficiency and working performance level which would also increase the employee performance and the organization performance. This research aimed to find out relation between career development to employee performance. Independent variable was career development, and the next variable was employee performance. This research was quantitative. The subjects were 50 employees of PT. Telkom Kandatel Malang who had been working for 3 years. The subjects were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection technique was career development scale with Likert scale model and employee performance documentation data. Analysis data used was product moment correlation. From the research could be concluded that there were positive and significant relation between career development with employee performance, with correlation coefficient (r) = 0,875 and
correction chance (p) = 0,000. It means, hihger the career development, higher the employee performance. The effective contribution of career development to the employee performance was 76,6%. Rest of them 23,4%, including another un-researched factors.


Background It has long been assumed that a healthy acidic vaginal environment inhibits infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. The research objectives were to evaluate the effect of pH on C trachomatis infection by two in vitro methods, to assess pH effect at different serial dilutions of C trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs), and to examine protection by an antibiotic peptide, protegrin (PG-1), over a pH range. Goals The goals of this study were to test the hypothesis that acidic pH inhibits C trachomatis infection and to determine the ability of PG-1 to provide protection at acidic and neutral pH. Study Design The effect of pH on C trachomatis was examined using two pH-adjusted preincubation shell vial assays. C trachomatis EBs (serovars L2, D, and E) were exposed to pH-adjusted media, with and without PG-1, and infection was assessed by inclusion forming unit (IFU) formation in McCoy cell monolayers. Results Acidic pH in preincubation media markedly decreased IFUs by both in vitro methods. Serial dilution experiments showed a 3- to 10-fold reduction in IFUs for C trachomatis (L2 and E) at pH 5.0, compared with those at pH 7.5. C trachomatis (D) showed a 17- to 23-fold reduction in IFUs (serial dilutions 1:1–1:4). PG-1 protected McCoy cell monolayers from infection by C trachomatis after exposure to varied pH environments. Conclusion Acidic pH exposure significantly reduced C trachomatis infection in vitro. Our results support the hypothesis that a healthy acidic vaginal environment protects women from C trachomatis infection. In addition, antibiotic peptides may provide protection as topical microbicides, regardless of vaginal pH.


We propose a methodology to capture short-lived but biophysically important contacts of biomacromolecules using the biomolecule-water nuclear Overhauser effect as an indirect microscope. Thus, instead of probing the direct correlation with the foreign biomolecule, we detect its presence by the disturbance it causes in the surrounding water. In addition, this information obtained is spatially resolved and can thus be attributed to specific sites. We extend this approach to the influence of more than one change in chemical environment and show a methodological way of resolution. This is achieved by taking double differences of corresponding σNOE/σROE ratios of the systems studied and separating specific, unspecific, and intermediate influence. While applied to crowding and encapsulation in this study, this method is generally suitable for any combination of changes in chemical environment.


With the continuous improvement of the socialist market economic system and the development of postgraduate education of our country,especially in the situation of the global economy slowing down,employment situation for postgraduate students is not optimistic.Based on analysis of the employment situation,formation causes and structural contradictions existed in the employment of engineering postgraduates,this article offers suggestions on employment problems in various aspects,including postgraduates themselves,universities,employer and government departments.


Institutional and ad hoc mediation is a topic that cannot be approached in the international context without making reference first to the different reasons why mediation has succeeded in different countries and without taking into consideration cross-cultural diversity. Briefly, it can be stated that in the United States, the success of mediation is strongly linked, among other things, to legal costs. As a matter of fact, the only jurisdictions in which commercial mediation has succeeded up to now are Anglo-Saxon, common law jurisdictions. Ad hoc mediation needs mediators to be well known enough in the market for parties to know whom to appoint. This may be feasible in the United States or England and Wales, but it is far more difficult in countries in which commercial mediation is not developed.Keywords:ad hoc mediation; civil law jurisdictions; cross-cultural diversity; England; United States


The thesis examines modern prepress workflow focusing at the file and the problems that can be occurred in its management. Also, studies the techniques and controls required in order to transform a final print design in a correct printable file.


The title compound, used to produce cationic starch, is synthesized from trimethylamine 1-chloro-2, 3-epoxypropane and acetic acid. The factors of the influence, such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the ratio of the reaction compounds, on the yield and properties of the product are discussed, and the yield of the title compound is over 95% when the reaction time is 3 hours at 35~40℃ ,and the molar ratio of trimethylamine, 1-chloro-2, 3-expoxypropane and acetic acid is 1:1:1.


Adopting the Abandoned: Changing the Approach to Student Ministry at First Baptist Church in Columbia, Missouri Michael McEntyre Doctor of Ministry School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary 2019 The purpose of this doctoral project is to lead the congregation of First Baptist Church to first understand the effects of systemic abandonment of adolescents by Western culture and the Church and then confront these effects by applying what can be learned (about identity, belonging, and attachment) from a biblical and cultural (secular) understanding of adoption, in order to reshape ministry praxis to more faithfully align with the work of God's Kingdom. This will require education for church leadership and adults as well as implementation of new student ministry practices. The project uses the process of practical theology to guide this work. This project is divided into three parts. Part One explores systems of adolescent support—and ultimately, abandonment. It also examines the Church's reaction to the rise and fall of such systems and its shift to a focus on doctrinal beliefs, moral behavior, and misguided belonging when it comes to young people. This context is essential to creating a felt need for action within the local church. Part Two employs theological reflection and insights from secular disciplines to examine the idea of adoption into the family of God as foundational for identity. It also borrows from lessons gleaned from adoptive parents and their children on attachment and identity. This adds greater depth and understanding when creating a ministry praxis to respond to the problem of systemic abandonment. Part Three draws from the previous parts to propose an implementation plan for a new ministry strategy that addresses the need for belonging through understanding how people are adopted (both spiritually and culturally) into God's family, the Church, within the context of First Baptist Church. This approach is leading the congregation into creating a more faithful praxis. The project concludes with a summary of what was learned and insights for future ministry. Content Reader: Chap Clark, PhD Words: 300


The screening and evaluation of molecule markers in hepatocellular carcinoma is an important and huge project,which needs the accumulation of cases and the cooperation between laboratories.But the lack of knowledge of HCC and the difference in the methods of detection and evaluation are obstacles to the communication of data and the sharing of cases between laboratories.In this paper,some problems in screening and evaluation of molecule markers in hepatocellular carcinoma were discussed and some suggestions were proposed to arouse the attention of researchers to the standardization of research in tumor markers.


GHz. It was called "TEN.".We found the electrical noise may be correlated to the optical noise around the threshold region butalso when the mode competition effect exists. As a result, the electrical noise depends on the carrier noise andshows the same qualitative feature as the optical intensity noise. Richardson and Yamamoto have shown a


The invention has as object a process for the directional magnetic steel sheet to provide a hot rolling mill conditions it is possible to include a lot of recrystallization during the hot-rolled steel sheet heterogeneity, particularly movable for the silicon steel slab. The use of these operation conditions, can be reduced the growth tendency of crystallized crystal grains during the annealing the steel sheet to a final thickness prior to the secondary recrystallization orientation. At present, special operating conditions of the hot rolling mill according to the invention 2 are useful for, the control of grain growth, starting from the amount of low carry the sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) than in the corresponding provided by the prior art primary to allow precipitation of the fine, as a result, fine precipitates can be dispersed in the metal after heating of the slabs before the rolling, a temperature lower than 1300 ℃ solid solution.


This paper is an expanded version of two lectures presented at meetings of the Society held on 12 October 2006 and 11 January 2007. It considers the changing contexts within which industrial archaeology in Britain has evolved and continues to develop, some of the issues affecting its wider realization and the challenges of conserving such physical evidence as will allow future generations to gain an understanding of the great age of industry as it affected British society, the economy and landscape.


The invention discloses an externally used preparation for household pet disinsection and sterilization, which employs ketoconazole or/and chlorhexidine acetate as the active constituents, and balancing auxiliary materials. wherein the effective composition of bactericide in the external preparation comprises 0.1-20.0% of ketoconazole and 0.04% of chlorhexidine acetate, the effective composition of pesticide in the external preparation comprises 0.001-20.0-% of natural insecticidal cyhalothrin and balancing additive auxiliary materials, the effective composition of sterilizing complexing agent in the external preparation comprises 0.001-20.0uN of natural insecticidal cyhalothrin, 0.04% of chlorhexidine acetate, and 0.1-20.0% of ketoconazole.


We review the properties of transversality of distributions with respect to submersions. This allows us to construct a convolution product for a large class of distributions on Lie groupoids. We get a unital involutive algebra $\cE\_{r,s}'(G,\Omega^{1/2})$ enlarging the convolution algebra $C^\infty\_c(G,\Omega^{1/2})$ associated with any Lie groupoid $G$. We prove that $G$-operators are convolution operators by transversal distributions. We also investigate the microlocal aspects of the convolution product. We give conditions on wave front sets sufficient to compute the convolution product and we show that the wave front set of the convolution product of two distributions is essentially the product of their wave front sets in the symplectic groupoid $T^*G$ of Coste-Dazord-Weinstein. This also leads to a subalgebra $\cE\_{a}'(G,\Omega^{1/2})$ of $\cE\_{r,s}'(G,\Omega^{1/2})$ which contains for instance the algebra of pseudodifferential $G$-operators and a class of Fourier integral $G$-operators which will be the central theme of a forthcoming paper.


The index system of low-carbon economy(ISLCE) can objectively measure and promote the development of low-carbon economy.In the process of transition to low-carbon economy,some ISLCEs have been proposed for application,but,different researchers tend to build index system from different ways,which makes the index unified,and there is no method or methodology,which can analyze the indicators systematically,objectively and scientifically,to assess ISLCEs for appropriate application.Therefore,through the study of the existing domestic and international ISLCEs,this paper thoroughly analyzes the index systems,and develops a method for assessing ISLCEs for their application,which includes five elements for assessment,namely,comprehensiveness,effectiveness,correlation,applicability and perspectiveness.One ISLCE was selected for the case study to assess the feasibility and applicability of this new method,and further improvement on the selected ISLCE was recommended based on the study.It can then be concluded that this newly developed method can objectively evaluate ISLCE for application and for further improvement,and the development of low-carbon economy can be monitored and evaluated effectively.


In this work four different types of antibodies to collagens, membrane protein of chondrocytes (MP), cartilage matrix proteins (CMP) and heat shock proteins (HSP-s) were tested in order to find an available clinical laboratory method for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. From the point of view of diagnostic efficiency, the estimation of antibody level to MP seemed to be the best and as a supplementary method the determination of rheuma factor was recommended. The anticollagen antibody estimation is less sensitive, anti CMP antibodies are not detectable. In spite of immunological crossreaction between HSP and cartilage matrix component the antibody level against HSP has no correlation with osteoarthritis. The appearance of humoral reaction, antibodies against different cartilage specific collagens and chondrocyte membrane proteins, is an epiphenomenon, however as the supposed immune complexes, trapped in a cartilage, play an important role in the damage of cartilage which may explain the self-perpetuating and chronic nature of cartilage degradation on osteoarthritis.


The energy level alignment (ELA) between electron transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite layers would affect the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for the open-c...


Air pollution exposures are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and alteration in DNA methylation has been proposed to mediate this association. Global DNA hypomethyl...


We investigate the network performance of FOADM based metro access network with edge computing to fulfil the critical requirement in 5G networks. NFV and network slicing are considered in the model to emulate realistic operation.


The writer Olivier Rolin has been working as a globetrotting writer  for half a century and likes to share his peregrinations. He uses his travel diaries to recompose sensorial landscapes based on an enterprise of wandering writing and on a map that combines travel and literature. The writer proposes a personal geography and wonders about his attraction to the ruins of landscapes in no go zones. He thus sketches an autobiographical trajectory and works to depend on himself through a fruitful externality.


An attempt was made to illuminate the history of the formation and functioning of the museum network of the Imperial Novorossiya University (1865–1920) on the basis of scientific literature, published documents and historical sources for the first time introduced into scientific circulation. The article solved the legislative and organizational foundations of the formation of the museum business at the university, describes the activities of the leaders and employees of the university museums in the acquisition, processing, storage, exhibiting and use of museum collections in the scientific and educational process. The activity, profile and departmental affiliation of museums, their funding and sources of funds formation are characterized. The funds of the museums were divided into expositional, educational and scientific, and in the distribution of emphasis between these complexes, more attention was paid to the scientific and educational significance of the acquired artifacts. All the heads of the museum were representatives of the teaching staff of the faculties of the university. They played a leading role in the educational, methodological, scientific and organizational activities of museums. Their scientific heritage is part of the genesis of many branches of science. In the activities of museums, there were recessions and ups, caused, first of all, by the instability of funding from the leadership of the university. The dependence on random circumstances and the frequent change of regular staff led to the unevenness of their development. Foremost, the situation was saved by donations received both from representatives of the teaching staff, patrons and benefactors, and from ordinary citizens, which testifies to the public's concern for the fate of the museums of the leading university in the south of the Russian Empire. It has been established that, thanks to the successful organization and systematic work of their managers and employees, museums of INU have significantly expanded the range of their actions and influence on educational and scientific processes from year to year, thereby making a significant contribution to the development of national museology. The closure of the university in 1920 and the subsequent reorganization of museums caused irreparable damage to the process of cultural development. As a result of the reorganization of the entire network of cultural and educational institutions, museums underwent a radical transformation in 1923.


Seriola lalandi is an important species for aquaculture, due to its rapid growth, adaptation to captivity and formulated diets, and high commercial value. Due to the rise in fish meal (FM) price, efforts are made to replace it partially or entirely with vegetable meals in diets for carnivorous fish. The use of prebiotics when feeding vegetable meals has improved fish health. In this study, four experimental diets were assessed in juveniles, the control diet consisted of FM as the main protein source, the second diet included 2% GroBiotic®-A (FM-P), the third included FM with 25% replacement by soybean meal (SM25), and the fourth consisted in SM25 with 2% of GroBiotic®-A (SM25-P). RNA-seq of the liver tissue was performed, followed by differential expression analysis and functional annotation to identify genes affected by the diets. Growth was not affected by this level of FM replacement, but it was improved by the prebiotic. Annotation was achieved for 78,826 transcripts, of which 135 were up-regulated and 78 down-regulated among all treatments compared to the control. Transcriptomic profiles of control samples were clustered with those from fishes fed SM25 and SM25-P diets, and the most differentiated group was that one fed the FM-P diet. SM25-P showed the least amount of differentially expressed genes, maintaining general transcriptomic profiles of control diet in the liver, therefore this diet is a potential economic alternative to the FM diet, for S. lalandi juveniles. Assessment of the effects of this diet along the digestive tract is recommended.


The article presents theoretical analysis of the problem of child's nontypical development. It also shows correlation between personal development and socialization theories, as well as interrelation between the terms «social environment» and «educational environment».The article presents interpretation of individual social perception through the concept of social diagnostics of atypicality, which includes ordinary diagnostics (social symbols) and diagnostics of social situations in one's life (social practices). Systematization of scientific approaches (structural-functional, socio-cultural, eco-systematic) to the study of non-typical development of children with intellectual disabilities allowed to create the social model of interaction in the ordinary and educational environments. The article describes functions of the institute of special education as a necessary condition for culture reproduction, social control, and social mobility as the most important factor of social democratization and humanization.


Consider the multiplication of two n×n matrices. A straight-forward sequential algorithm for computing the product takes Θ(n3) time. Strassen [20] presented an algorithm that takes Θ(n1g 7) time; lg denotes logarithm to the base 2; lg 7 is about 2.81. Now, consider the implementation of these two algorithms (straight-forward and Strassen) in the mapReduce framework. Several papers have studied mapReduce implementations of the straight-forward algorithm; this algorithm can be implemented using a constant number (typically, one or two) of mapReduce passes. In this paper, we study the mapReduce implementation of Strassen's algorithm. If we unwind the recursion, Strassen's algorithm consists of three parts, Parts I-III. Direct mapReduce implementations of the three parts take lg n, 1 and lg n passes, respectively; total number of passes is 2 lg n+1. We show that Part I can be implemented in 2 passes, with total work Θ(n1g 7), and reducer size and reducer workload o(n). We believe that Part III can also be implemented, with small reducer size and workload, in a constant number of passes; this is future work.


The Cassini mission revealed gas plumes associated with surface features called "tiger stripes" at the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. The composition of plume particles and local cryovolcanism suggested as a possible cause for the activity are typically considered in the context of hydrothermal circulation in the rocky core within a differentiated core–ocean–ice crust structure. We model the internal evolution and differentiation of Enceladus heated by radioactive nuclides and tidal dissipation. Calculating the core formation, we investigate its compaction by modeling the evolution of porosity, thereby varying the rock rheology based on different assumptions on the composition, such as grain size, creep activation energy, degree of hydration, and oxygen fugacity. We present final structures with a core radius of 185–205 km, a porous core layer of 4–70 km, an ocean of ≈10–27 km, and an ice crust layer of ≈30–40 km, that are largely consistent with the current estimates for Enceladus. By fitting the model results to these observations, we determine an accretion time of 1.3–2.3 Ma after calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions for Enceladus. Our models produce a porous outer core for wet and dry olivine rock rheologies supporting the hypothesis of hydrothermal circulation of oceanic water in the core. No porosity is retained for an antigorite rheology, implying that the core of Enceladus is not dominated by this mineral.


According as the demand of risk-informed regulation and application increase, the quality of a probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) has become more important. As part of enhancing the PSA quality, a study started to standardize the process and the rules of human reliability analysis (HRA) which was known as a major contributor to the uncertainty of PSA. Performing HRA requires a lot of data to keep the quality of results. KAERI is developing the HRA calculator to manage the human failure events (HFEs) and to calculate the diagnosis human error probabilities and execution human error probabilities. This paper introduces the development process and an overview of a standard HRA method. The study was carried out in three stages; 1) development of the procedures and rules for a standard HRA method, 2) design of database schema, 3) design of graphic user interface of HRA calculator.


A distinction between two forms of task knowledge transfer, representational and functional, is reviewed followed by a discussion of MTL, a modiied version of the multiple task learning (MTL) neural network method of functional transfer. The MTL method employs a separate learning rate, k , for each task output node k. k varies as a function of a measure of relatedness, R k , between the kth task and the primary task of interest. An MTL network is applied to a diagnostic domain of four levels of coronary artery disease. Results of experiments demonstrate the ability of MTL to develop a predictive model for one level of disease which has superior diagnostic ability over models produced by either single task learning or standard multiple task learning.


The recognition by Escherichia coli Uvr nucleotide excision repair proteins of a variety of lesions with diverse chemical structures and the presence of helicase activity in the UvrAB complex which can displace short oligonucleotides annealed to single‐stranded DNA led to a model in which this activity moves UvrAB along undamaged DNA to damaged sites where the lesion blocks further translocation and the protein–DNA pre‐incision complex is formed. To evaluate this mechanism for damage recognition, we constructed substrates with oligonucleotides of different lengths annealed to single‐stranded DNA circles and placed a single 2‐(acetylamino)fluorene (AAF) lesion either on the oligonucleotide or on the circle. For the substrates with no lesion, the UvrAB complex effectively displaced a 22‐mer but not a 27‐mer or longer fragments. The presence of AAF on the oligonucleotide significantly increased the release of the 27‐mer but oligomers of 30 or longer were not separated. Placing the lesion on the circular strand did not block the release of the fragments. Instead, the releasing activity of UvrAB was stimulated and also depended on the length of the annealed oligonucleotide. These observations do not agree with the predictions of a damage recognition mechanism that depends on helicase‐driven translocation. Most likely, the strand‐separating activity of UvrAB is a consequence of local changes occurring during the formation of a DNA–protein pre‐incision complex at the damaged site and is not due to translocation of the protein along undamaged DNA to locate a lesion.


In this paper, the design, implementation and simulation of a high-gain, low-power, low-noise CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is presented for interfacing with a bio-sensor array and analog neural circuits. An improved capacitive-feedback TIA topology is used with an active load to obtain a 100MΩ transimpedance gain, 1MHz bandwidth, 158fA/rt(Hz) input-referred current noise at sensing frequency, near 0° phase shift and 1V peak-to-peak output swing. The proposed circuit dissipates 132µW from a 1.8V supply and the circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18µm CMOS 1P6M technology.


A new wood-decaying fungus, Xylobolus austrosinensis, is described and illustrated from southern China based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterized by the thick and pulvinate basidiomata, numerous acanthocystidia, acanthoid basidia, and ovoid to subglobose basidiospores (4–4.5 × 2.8–3.5 µm). The new species is similar to X. frustulatus, but differs in having acanthoid basidia, rounder basidiospores and a subtropical-tropical distribution. In the phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS sequence data of Stereaceae, five species of Xylobolus, including the new species, formed a clade with relatively strong supports. Xylobolus spectabilis and X. illudens are excluded from the genus based on our analyses. Xylobolus ahmadii, X. brasiliensis and X. peculiare are not accepted in the genus according to their morphological descriptions and unpublished sequence data. Xylobolus gongylodes that was not included in the phylogenetic analyses is temporarily accepted in the genus. An identification key to all six accepted species of Xylobolus is provided.


The performance of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes for desalination or purification is greatly affected by the microstructure of the membrane. It is, therefore, highly desirable to characterize the microstructure and its dependence on preparation conditions and past history. In this study, various types of cellulose acetate powders, flakes, and solvent cast films have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-optical analysis. It is shown that ordered microstructures exist in many of these samples and that this ordering can be intensified or diminished by suitable treatments. It is conjectured that a similar microordering occurs in the dense layer of asymmetric cast membranes as a result of solvent evaporation, gelation and annealing and that the extent of orientation and chain packing in the ordered regions greatly affects the performance of reverse osmosis membranes.


The first group of essays in this volume raises questions about what constitutes modernism and how works previously unconnected to the movement may relate to or extend our understanding of it. Matthew Levay explores the importance of Gertrude Stein's detective novel, Blood on the Dining Room Floor, arguing that the work shows Stein combining an experimental aesthetic with a popular one, thereby bringing modernist ideas to a larger, middlebrow audience. The second piece, by Cecily Swanson, challenges the parameters of modernism through a discussion of Muriel Draper's NBC radio program, It's a Woman's World, and her 1929 memoir of her music salon. Swanson maintains that Draper's conversation about music with her mostly female audience adds a new dimension to our understanding of the musical medium and of the modernist enterprise: it both challenges the notion that music is impersonal and incorporates the responses of an audience of female listeners and readers into a blended oral and written aesthetic. The two essays that follow expand the way an individual work has been conceived within the modernist canon. Timothy C. Baker looks at James Leslie Mitchell's A Scots Quair, traditionally viewed narrowly within Scottish literary canon, and shows its relevance to modernist ideas of fiction and romance. Likewise, W.E.B. Du Buois's novel Dark Princess, often taken as a propagandist work, is recontextualized by Syndey Bufkin as an effort to relate the romantic tradition that it invokes to a utopian idea of the novel. The remaining pieces deal with more contemporary questions and forms of critical definition and reconsideration. Isidore Diala sees Isidore Okpewho's 2004 novel Call Me by My Rightful Name as a departure from his earlier, more realistic work in its incorporation of magical realism, folk imagination, and orality. Diala argues that this work oppposes Western novelistic techniques while also, precariously, supporting myths about Africa. F. Meltem Gurle takes a revisionary approach to the Turkish Bildungsroman, arguing that the genre's protagonist does not, like his Western counterpart, become a reformed idealist but ends, instead, in a state of pure contemplation. This, says Gurle, reflects the unresolved conflict between tradition and modernity in Turkish culture. Corinna K. Lee looks at Tillie Olsen's Yonnondio: From the Thirties, a work begun in 1932 but published in 1974, as an example of literary recovery — not an unfinished work but one that has been reclaimed according to a newer documentary aesthetic. Finally, Ondrea E.


Film antitranspirants were shown to affect growth adversely by reducing photosynthesis, and favourably by increasing plant water potential. The net effect on growth was to : (1) reduce leaf expansion, plant height, and yield of snap beans in the field ; (2) increase internode and leaf elongation of oleanders over a short period, with no effect on shoot length over a longer period ; (3) reduce radial expansion of trunks of fruit trees ; and (4) increase the size of orchard fruits. Whether an antitranspirant reduces or increases growth of a particular plant part probably depends on whether current photosynthesis or plant water potential is more impor tant to its development at the time of treatment. production; and (2) the enlargement of these cells whilst at high turgor pressure, which is associated with high plant water potential (Kramer, 1969; Boyer, 1970). Since antitranspirants alfect both photosynthesis and plant water potential their net effects on growth merit investigation. A film-forming antitranspirant, sprayed on the foliage of a plant, slows transpira tion by providing a physical barrier over some, if not all, the stomata, hindering the escape of water vapour from the leaves. However, since stomata are common portals not only for loss of water vapour but also for intake of carbon dioxide, some reduc tion of photosynthesis, and hence of growth and yield, may be expected, particularly if the standard of comparison is an unstressed control plant with open stomata. Gale and Hagan (1966) reported several investigations showing that photosynthesis from individual leaves or plants was slowed by antitranspirants of the film-forming and stomate-inhibiting types. The effects of antitranspirants on progressive vegeta tive growth and final yield of crops, however, have received little study. Gale, Poljakoff-Mayber, Nir, and Kahane (1964) observed the effects of a film antitrans pirant on yields of grapes and bananas undergoing several irrigation cycles. While the weight of pruned grape canes and the yield of bananas were unaffected, the treatment significantly increased yield of grapes, but only if they were grown under conditions of water shortage. Poljakoff-Mayber and Gale (1967) found that a film antitranspirant, (1) decreased the relative growth rate of citrus seedlings in a well irrigated plot, (2) reduced total yield of orange fruit (over all size grades) by about


The heat rate of Bainian Power Development Co. Ltd's set NO.6, handicapped by its design level and technology at it's time of manufacture, had been increasing with the years of operation, resulting in low efficiency and bad economy. The company, therefore, during an overhaul period, recontructed the turbine's flow passage by making use of modern overall 3dimensional technique. A probation test following the retrofit showed that remarkable energy saving gains have been achieved. The paper analyzes the profitability of the set's retrofit and mentions the main problems still remaining.


The invention relates to a permission device for error prevention locks of a substation. The permission device comprises locks in the substation and computer keys which are used for unlocking the locks, wherein corresponding radio frequency identification electronic labels which have respective own lock codes are adhered to the locks; each of the computer keys comprises a battery, an ARM processor which is used for identifying, comparing and controlling the input signals, a card reading module, a real-time clock module, an LCD display module, an information storage module, a communication module and a locking driving module; the card reading modules communicate with the radio frequency identification electronic labels through radio frequency antennas; the communication modules which are connected with communication ports of the ARM processors are connected with an upper computer; and the LCD display modules, the information storage modules, the real-time clock modules and the locking driving modules are respectively connected with input/output ports of the ARM processors. The permission device for the error prevention locks of the substation is reasonable in structure and convenient to operate, and is capable of improving the safe reliability.


The present invention relates to an automobile ABS/ASR equipment experimental table based on brake inertia test. It includes the following main components: main drive motor and its control mechanism, main shaft, inertia flywheel and hitching mechanism, slide table, transmission gearbox, transmission shaft and universal joint, drum and its guideway, positive pressure loading device between tested wheel and drum and its pressure regulating mechanism, sideway force loading device between tested wheel and drum and its pressure regulating mechanism, ASR drive motor and its control mechanism, ASR power transmission mechanism, wheel cylinder brake pressure switching mechanism, speed and force sensing device, hydraulic pump station, data recording/processing/displaying/printing device and others.


Is the core of Christianity about loving the neighbour or justification by grace? Kierkegaard and Augustine answer this question with a resounding yes, refusing to give in to one side or the other. This article uses Lee C. Barrett's newest book on the intersections of these two giants of Christianity, Eros and Self-Emptying, to examine this issue. Using a shared metaphor of a road for the reality of faith, and a common understanding of divine love as self-emptying, Barrett reveals insightful ways in which these cardinal thinkers refuse to reduce Christian salvation to grace alone or to love alone. For Augustine, the unquenchable passion and love for God leads to becoming conformed to God's likeness in self-emptying love for the other. And Kierkegaard's theology of love as the human response to God's grace suggests that the works of love toward the neighbour is the follow-through to faith. Salvation for both Augustine and Kierkegaard is a journey of the fruits of grace ripening in fulfilling the command to love the neighbour. Both insist that being a Christian is simultaneously a gift and a task. Further, this integration is not forcing together two opposing positions. Instead each thinker's formulation entwines the work of love and the grace of faith in the practice of Christian living.


The study examined the link between rail transport and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1970-2011 using Error Correction modelling approach. The results show that there is long run relationship among the variables. In addition, the EC models show that the error correction term is correctly signed and significant while there is inverse relationship between rail transport and economic growth in Nigeria. This explains the decadence in the sector due to the neglect of the sector by the government. The study therefore concludes that government should embark on development policies that will aim at strengthening the sub-sector of the economy so that it can operate in its full capacity and neutralise the decadence that is evident in the sector.


The importance of spatial ability for success in a variety of domains, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), is widely acknowledged. Yet, students with high spatial ability are rarely identified, as Talent Searches for academically talented students focus on identifying high mathematical and verbal abilities. Consequently, students with high spatial abilities who do not also have high math or verbal abilities may not qualify. In an effort to identify students with spatial talent, the Center for Talented Youth developed a Spatial Test Battery to supplement its mathematical and verbal Talent Searches. This article traces the development of the battery; describes its components, important psychometric properties, and continuing development; and encourages its use by researchers and educators interested in developing spatial talent.


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the manual potential of two organic manure :- Farmyard manure (FYM), Poultry manure (PM) vis-a-vis, 0% to100% recommended dose of fertilizer – NPK and to find out the most productive cropping system at various combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizer. Field experiment was carried out for the period of six months January to June 2010, to determine the affect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on the growth parameters of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). During the study it was noticed that the organic manure enhanced the function of chemical fertilizer. The capital used for making organic manure is cheaper than that of chemical fertilizers and maintain the soil fertility.


An impressive improvement of the effectiveness of medical care evident in the recent decades
is to a large extent driven by the progress made in the fields of medical imaging and
analysis. A hallmark characteristic of this trend is the transition from a purely visual,
qualitative assessment of the medical images to a computational and more quantitative
assessment, which involves in vivo image-based measurements. In the domains of disease
diagnosis and monitoring, treatment efficacy assessment, but also in surgery and radiotherapy
planning and execution, the clinical workflow is becoming increasingly dependent
on image-derived measurements (i.e. imaging biomarkers). Some of the quantitative imaging
biomarkers have already become well established as surrogates of clinical outcomes.
The values of these imaging biomarkes may directly impact the decision-making process
| hence, the accuracy and precision of the methods that extract the measurements from
the images need to be rigorously validated.
Problems of objective validation and comparison of measurement methods feature prominently
in the medical imaging discourse. In registration and segmentation | the two
major fields of image analysis, the state of the art of method validation and comparison
is based on reference measurements usually requiring some human involvement. In case
of registration it is the detection and manual localization of fiducial markers. For segmentation it is the manual delineation of anatomical structures by expert radiologists.
Certain problems are inherent in this approach: humans are subjective { measurements
by different experts usually disagree, they are error prone | they get distracted and
tired, and their time is costly. When human errors in validation standards propagate to
medical practice they acquire a potential to cause costly damages. The patients, medical care establishments and the economy at large are all impacted by the consequences of
these errors.
Strategies to predicting and preventing the measurement errors and cutting the costs associated with validation and comparison of measurement methods are discussed in this
Thesis. A direct strategy to alleviate the costs of the burdensome manual reference creation
is through automation. Such strategy was applied in the first contribution of this
Thesis using a novel automated computational approach to gold standard reference dataset
creation for validating rigid-body registration of pre-operative 3D and intra-operative
2D images. Therein, the use of automatic image analysis pipeline eliminated the need for
human interaction and manual input, previously required in a semi-automated approach.
This has significantly improved the registration accuracy as validated on intra-operatively
acquired 3D and 2D images of twenty patients with cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous
malformations.
A different, more inventive, strategy is to validate the measurement methods without
ever creating a reference, through advanced statistical inference. Two new reference-free
Bayesian frameworks for estimating the systematic and random errors of an ensemble
of (automated) measurement methods, are developed in this Thesis. They facilitate the
validation and comparison of measurement methods without requiring costly reference
measurements. A clear advantage of this strategy is that it eliminates the need for the
reference measurements altogether and therefore annihilates the associated costs. For
instance, in the image analysis domain, applying several automated methods to a certain
dataset requires only computational resources, which is much cheaper than engaging an
expert to manually create the reference. The two proposed frameworks were successfully
validated on several synthetic and on relevant clinical datasets, involving imaging
biomarkers of neurological diseases. Theoretical developments of one of the proposed
frameworks allow to use it for advanced applications of estimation of latent true values
of an unobserved quantity and selection of best predictors for it from a set of related
biomarkers.
In conclusion, the contributions of this Thesis do not only solve the practical problems
of reference creation, but address the conceptual problems associated with reference based
error estimation. The two proposed and validated Bayesian frameworks represent
important theoretical advances in the emerging field of reference-free error estimation,
making this methodology practical for measurement method validation, comparison and
further beyond | for selection of best predictors of unobservable quantities and the their
estimation.


Psoriasis is a recurrent, chronic inflammatory skin disease with complex pathogenesis. The disease imposes a heavy burden on patients. Interleukin (IL)-36γ belongs to the IL-36 family and is predominantly expressed by epithelial cells. IL-36γ is upregulated in psoriasis lesions. However, the effects of IL-36γ in keratinocytes remain unclear.Eighteen IL-36γ-deficient mice were divided into three groups: the vaseline group, the imiquimod (IMQ) group, and the IMQ/IL-36γ group. Vaseline or IMQ was administered for 6 consecutive days. The severity of psoriasis-like lesions was evaluated using a modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring system. Production of cytokines and expression of differentiation markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry.IMQ-induced psoriasis lesions were significantly more severe in IMQ/IL-36γ-treated mice compared with vaseline-treated and IMQ-treated mice, as shown by an exacerbated inflammatory phenotype, increased numbers of blood vessels, increased infiltration of cells, and increased epidermal thickness. Expression of loricrin and keratin 5 in skin lesions was decreased following treatment with IL-36γ. Levels of IL-17A, interferon-γ, β-catenin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 were elevated in keratinocytes within psoriatic lesions following IL-36γ stimulation.Together, these data showed that IL-36γ contribute to abnormal keratinocytes proliferation and keratinocyte-related proinflammatory cytokines, and suggest that IL-36γ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.


Resident glomerular macrophages from normal rats were isolated and grown through long-term cultures in order to obtain confluent cell monolayers. These cells have a secretory function as revealed by the production of a cytokine with a molecular weight similar to interleukin-1 (IL-1). The demonstration that rat glomerular macrophages secrete an IL-1-like cytokine emphasizes the role of these cells in a number of glomerular secretory functions, including some which have been commonly attributed only to mesangial contractile cells.


OWL ontologies learned from relational database schema are almost lightweight,their concept hierarchies are too horizontal,it is difficult to apply them to construct ontology-based systems directly. Aiming to this new problem,this paper proposed a novel approach for OWL ontology evolution.Based on concept clustering using formal concept analysis,computing concept equation measure and concept inclusion measure,made some suggestions to enrich or amend concept hierarchy of ontology automatically to aid designer to achieve ontology evolution. Validation of the approach was done by the evaluation of an experiment result.


A driving mechanism for engine brake is composed of an exhaust valve controlling mechanism which is constituted by a driving force input mechanism and a driving force transfer mechanism, wherein the driving force input mechanism is connected to the driving force transfer mechanism, an exhaust valve contact terminal is provided in the driving force transfer mechanism, the exhaust valve contact terminal is connected to a station control piston, the station control piston is provided in the driving force transfer mechanism, and the exhaust valve contact terminal has a first station and a second station. The utility model uses engine power to drive the control valve lever of the exhaust valve, rather than using the high oil pressure hydraulic device to drive the control valve lever of the engine exhaust valve, therefore the utility model is integrated with the engine to reduce volume and weight, reduce brake reaction time, eliminate leakage, deformation and load fluctuation caused by the high oil pressure and high oil pressure, the brake valve is not affected by oil warm, oil pressure and air content, the brake valve can be designed to be smaller, to reduce the requirement between the engine piston and air valve gap.


To remove the confusion of concepts about different sorts of geographical space and dimension, a new framework of space theory is proposed in this paper. Based on three sets of fractal dimensions, the geographical space is divided into three types: real space (R-space), phase space (P-space), and order space (O-space). The real space is concrete or visual space, the fractal dimension of which can be evaluated through digital maps or remotely sensed images. The phase space and order space are both abstract space, the fractal dimension values of which cannot be estimated with one or two maps or images. The dimension of phase space can be computed by using time series, and that of order space can be determined with cross-sectional data in certain time. Three examples are offered to illustrate the three types of spaces and fractal dimension of geographical systems. The new space theory can be employed to explain the parameters of geographical scaling laws, such as the scaling exponent of the allometric growth law of cities and the fractal dimension based on Horton's laws of rivers.


Technique for selective localization of four-photon mixing and its use for physical parameter extraction in fiber is described. The measurement method relies on localized counter-colliding power transfer and was applied to map dispersion and corresponding transverse geometry of different types of optical fibers. The technique is capable of resolving fiber core fluctuations comparable to a single silica molecular diameter.


A "Monte Carlo-like" design analysis tool is developed and applied to an aeromaneuvering Mars entry vehicle. This tool provides realistic but challenging design cases using many fewer cases than a full Monte Carlo analysis. The problem of random input variables that are provided a priori (as opposed to being drawn from a given distribution) is addressed and a solution is found that shows prospects for future improvement.


Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging field, and an increasing number of BCI research projects are being carried globally to interface computer with human using EEG for useful operations in both healthy and locked persons. Although several methods have been used to enhance the BCI performance in terms of signal processing, noise reduction, accuracy, information transfer rate, and user acceptability, the effective BCI system is still in the verge of development. So far, various modifications on single BCI systems as well as hybrid are done and the hybrid BCIs have shown increased but insufficient per - formance. Therefore, more efficient hybrid BCI models are still under the investigation by different research groups. In this review chapter, single BCI systems are briefly dis - cussed and more detail discussions on hybrid BCIs, their modifications, operations, and performances with comparisons in terms of signal processing approaches, applications, limitations, and future scopes are presented. ] merg-ing ERD to control a device such that additional features of one could be used to another. are The common hybrid systems based on signal combinations as well as operation methods, their performances, and improvements are Statistical analysis of BCI and hybrid BCI to P300 and SSVEP are on publications. Transitioning from laboratory to the possible commercial applications with the limi tations This P300, SSVEP, and MI which used EEG sig nals for BCI. Simultaneous operation is very common in P300-SSVEP hybrid and sequential are incorporated in MI-related hybrid experiments. Average accuracy ITR among