In existing discrete multi-tone (DMT) systems with adaptive bit and power allocation a deterioration of the transmission channel may lead to increased bit error rates, and even to the loss of connection. In most cases the disturbed channel would allow a stable transmission using a new bit and power allocation (possibly with reduced data rate), after a further initialization phase. Dynamic adaptive DMT tries to avoid a time-consuming re-initialization by adapting the system during runtime to the changed channel conditions. Such an online adaptation involves the exchange of updated bit and power allocations. Here, we discuss a new method that allows for a reduction in transmission time of power allocation tables thus increasing the reliability and robustness of the proposed dynamic adaptive DMT system.


U 'NLIKE other degenerative diseases of the nervous system, such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) t leaves behind in the brain two clues that have provided a starting point for unraveling the pathogenesis of this illness. One clue is the senile plaque, which consists principally of extracellular fibrillar aggregates in a dense plaque core or as a diffuse infiltrate through portions of the neuropil. The second clue is the neurofibrillary tangle, an intraneuronal structure affecting discrete populations of neurons. It has been almost a faith among Alzheimer researchers that a complete understanding of how these pathological structures arise will solve the disease. The rapid pace of research in the fieM stems directly from the identification and cloning of the constituent proteins within these structures.


In water-stressed agricultural regions, reuse of reclaimed water has emerged as a promising alternative that improves supply reliability, alleviates water scarcity and contributes to circular economy. The European Union has recently launched several initiatives to facilitate the adoption of water reuse for irrigation. However, its adoption is still far below its potential in most areas. This is the case of the Western La Mancha aquifer, in central Spain, where reclaimed water reuse is considered an alternative source to groundwater that may contribute to reduce overexploitation. A stakeholder-based fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) was developed to provide insights into the current situation of reclaimed water reuse in this area, as well as to explore the outcomes of different simulated scenarios (cost recovery, agricultural transformation, social awareness and political will increase). The FCM-based dynamic simulations showed that political will increase would generate the highest increase of reclaimed water reuse in agriculture in the study area, providing the highest increase of water reuse in agriculture. Agricultural extensification and increased social awareness delivered similar positive outcomes, however, only public awareness campaigns would increase water reuse, with agricultural extensification outcomes being more oriented towards the reduction of water abstractions and pollution. The cost recovery scenario was the only one that resulted in non-desired changes, mainly caused by reduced farmers' income due to higher costs of reclaimed water. Finally, the analysis also evidenced the key role that the newly enacted EU Water Reuse Regulation may play in promoting reclaimed water use, even reversing the negative outcomes of the cost recovery scenario.


Abstract New high resolution gravity, electromagnetic (EM) and magnetic data are tested for the detection of disseminated sulfides in the area of the Haile Gold Mine, South Carolina. Geophysical interpretations were constrained with densities and mineral concentrations measured for 49,183 samples from 448 drill holes. Positive residual gravity anomalies from spectral analysis correlate with the mineralized ore zone. Similar correlations between positive anomalies and the ore zones are observed in the first vertical derivative of Bouguer anomaly and tilt derivatives of the residual gravity. Euler deconvolution of the gravity field also shows numerous shallow sources in the ore zone. Drill core measurements show that metasediments (Richtex unit), (2.76 g/cm3) and gold bearing samples (2.73 g/cm3) are slightly denser than metavolcanics (Persimmon Fork Formation), (2.69 g/cm3). Correlation coefficients for sample density and mineral percentages are pyrite (0.18) and sericite (0.15), indicating that pyrite is the main mineral increasing sample density. 2D forward gravity models constrained by dense drilling match the predicted depth range of density anomalies from Euler deconvolution. Drilling results confirm a spatial correlation between high densities, high pyrite concentrations, and the mineralized zones. High conductivity anomalies are observed over the Haile ore zone as well as over the metasediments. Core drilling and 2D inversion show that high conductivity anomalies coincide with zones of high pyrite concentrations. The magnetic field is dominated by anomalies produced by granite plutons 3 km north and 5 km west of Haile and northwest-trending Jurassic diabase dikes. East-northeast trending linear anomalies have been sampled and dated as Alleghanian lamprophyre dikes providing the first magnetic map of these intrusions in the southeastern United States.


A computer-controlled test system designed for fast statistical evaluation of statical welding chacteristics of contact materials under power conditions is described. The weld test apparatus operates in an automatic cycle controlled by a PC. A multifunction program enables control, measurement, recording, display, and statistical determination of welding test results. The welding characteristics of Ag, AgNi, AgCdO, and AgSnO/sub 2/ are evaluated. Results of the tests using two testing methods are discussed. A fast method of statistical determination of maximum welding force is proven to be correct.<<ETX>>


Understanding the "movimiento solidarista" in Costa Rica. The ideological bases of the "movimiento solidarista" are analyzed, showing its origins in Saint?Simon and Durkheim theses. Its foundations based on the fetichism of the capitalistic relations of production, and its articulation with neo-conservatism are also showed.


Strong quasielastic features have been found in light scattering from diamond in the frequency range 0 to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 200 GHz and have been investigated as a function of wave-vector transfer ($Q$) and temperature ($T$). The evolution of a relatively narrow Lorentzian component (\ensuremath{\sim} 10 GHz) demonstrates for the first time the manner in which a two-phonon difference spectrum in the collision-free regime (low $T$ and large $Q$) develops into entropy-fluctuation scattering in the collision-dominated regime (high $T$ and low $Q$).


The SiO2 etching process is one of the most significant processes in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) fabrication. In order to obtain fine contact holes, it is necessary to achieve both highly selective etching of SiO2 over other materials, and non-reactive ion etch (non-RIE) lag. We investigated the etching characteristics and the effect of O2 addition in C4F8+O2 plasma using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge. In C4F8+O2 plasma, we can obtain dense fluorocarbon films at low pressure, and films are more durable against ion bombardment than at high pressure. This film enables the suppression of O atoms to the Si surface, and the achievement of high SiO2-to-Si selectivity. By additional O2, dissociation of high-mass species such as C2F5 proceeds, and at about 20%O2, low-mass species, such as C, CF, and CF2, increase. Thus we can obtain high SiO2-to-Si selectivity and high-aspect-ratio fine contact holes.


Duet literature remains largely untapped as a pedagogical tool in the undergraduate voice studio. This dissertation examines the ways in which eight duets for female voices, although not written primarily for pedagogical use, may be used to teach four main areas of voice technique: intonation, vocal agility, legato singing, and dramatic skills. Duets are chosen primarily from the standard repertoire and are in English, German, French, Italian and Latin. The compositional styles range from the Baroque period through the 20th century. Genres include art song, oratorio, and opera. Each chapter focuses on one of the four vocal skills listed above, and includes examinations of two duets whose vocal writing (rhythm, tessitura, intervals, tempi, and text) make them appropriate candidates for pedagogical use in the improvement of that specific skill. Both male and female teachers of singing may utilize this project as a practical resource and model in how to use other duets, including those for other voice types, for similar purposes in their teaching studio. This project also demonstrates how the experience of singing duets helps students develop ensemble singing as they listen and respond to each other. Finally, this project offers voice teachers an additional pedagogical tool to help each student improve select skills, resulting in a more confident performer.


This study aimed at assessing the hybridization feasibility and evaluating genetic fidelity of the hybrid seedlings originated from Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. and Paxton) Rchb. f. and P. tankervilliae (Banks) Blume. Intra- and interspecific hybridization between Phaiusmishmensis (Lindl. and Paxton) Rchb. f. and P. tankervilliae (Banks) Blume were examined to establish the primary hybrid, observe their cross ability and identify the F1 hybrids using sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Self-incompatibility and cross ability of P. mishmensis and P. tankervilliae were tested before starting the breeding program. Results showed that they were self-compatible orchids. The interspecific hybridization between P. mishmensis and P. tankervilliae was achieved with the highest pod setting (80%), seed germination percentage (94.8%) and the rate of protocorm development into mature seedlings (stage 6) (10.6%), but the smallest size of embryo with width 46.5 μm, length 67.3 μm was also observed when P. mishmensis was taken as the female parent. A comparative study on leaf morphology and anatomy of plantlets regenerated from intra- and interspecific hybrids of P.mishmensis and P. tankervilliae showed a transitional character to the parental species. Herein, the presence of interspecific hybrids between P.mishmensis and P. tankervilliae, as well as their reciprocal cross, was verified using Pmis524 SCAR markers developed by the decamer primer.


In New Zealand, barely a year goes by without a storm causing damage to a plantation forest from landsliding (i.e. shallow landslides (soil slips), debris avalanches, debris flows, earthflows, slumps). And commonly in association with landsliding there are downstream effects arising from trees or slash being deposited in rivers, on beaches, or on land adjacent to forests. These storms seem to have increased in recent years or at least reporting of them has, with significant events reported from the Bay of Plenty, Auckland Region, Nelson, and Marlborough. It is also likely that more go unreported at a regional level that may be reported within a forest as an "environmental incident". Ironically, many of our plantation forests were established on erosion-susceptible locations in steeplands, with the purpose of controlling erosion. The fact that many of these forests have moved from a protective function to one of production has not been without consequences; some of which have been relatively severe.


According to the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange in 2010 for the price of cotton futures and spot prices of China Cotton Association,the use of unit root test,cointegration test,error correction model approach to empirical study of Chinese cotton price discovery role of futures markets.The results showed that:Cotton futures prices and spot prices have a strong correlation,but this is the one-way related,that the spot price of the futures prices significantly guide,and the futures price on the spot price of the guide is not strong.


Swelling of soft tissues due to collection of protein rich fluid into extracellular space caused by increased load of lymphatic system or decrease of lymphatic transport capacity is called lympedema. Both primary and secondary lymph edema effects the quality of patient lives. In this review we aimed to give information about lymph edema and its effective treatment approach; complex decongestive physiotherapy Key words : Physiotheraphy, Techniques, Lymphedema, Manual therapy, Compression bandage.


X.-H. BENDELACK HEWETSON, M.R.C.S., Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon Leeds General Infirmary. MR. HIEWETSON regretted that he was not able (being detained in another Section) to hear the papers on myopia. The following facts, however, would be interesting to the Section: A medical missionary-Mr. Harrison-whom he had specially trained, had examined a large number of aborigines in Cook's Isles in the South Pacific as to the prevalence of myopia in a set of people only thirty years removed from absolute savagery. Mr. HIarrison found a very large proportion of highly-myopic savages. He (the speaker) also noticed myopia in horses and other animals, especially in horses which shied from an inability to see clearly. These were myopic by the ophthalmoscope.


The invention relates to uretdione group-containing polyurethane compositions based on 1,4-diisocyanato-cyclohexyl methane especially for polyurethane coating powder and adhesive compositions that can be hardened at a low temperature. Also disclosed are a method for the production thereof and the use thereof.


SUMMARY. Introduction. An increase in the consumption of fresh vegetables for a healthy diet has ocu- rred during the last few years, but it mustn't be forgotten that they can carry pathogenic micro- organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes. Material and methods. The presence of Liste- ria monocytogenes was evaluated in 50 salad samples according to the methodology descri- bed by Vanderzant & Splittstoesser. Results. Listeria spp. was isolated from 32% (16/50) of the samples analyzed, from these, 8% (10/16) were L. monocytogenes, 8% (4/16) a L. welshimeri and 4% (2/16) L. murrai. Discussion The presence of Listeria monocyto- genes in fresh salad vegetables represents a po- tential risk to public health, since its infective dose has not been established yet and its ability to survive and grow in raw vegetables has been demonstrated. Dietary changes should be pro- moted in groups where this bacteria represents a risk. (Rev Biomed 1999; 10:29-31)


The Hobbesian claim that in international relations there is no way of submitting the subjectivism of the sovereingties to ethical constraints may be rejected on either Grotius' or Kant's terms. But only a broadly Kantian approach is able to recognize the universality of human rights and to meet two kinds of challenge to international coexistence: those related to the centripetal forces of global economic interdependence and those related to the centrifugal forces arising from the sharpening of national, ethnic and religious differences.


This article comments on the analysis of the scientific literature on male circumcision and risk for HIV infection. The 33 studies referenced by Van Howe were reviewed as to how the analysis was conducted which led him to conclude that male circumcision is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Two main aspects in the literature were taken into consideration namely the geographic analysis and a review of patient studies. It was argued that the most important risk factor for male-to-male sexual transmission of HIV is receptive anal intercourse which is not related to the circumcision status of the receptive partner. Furthermore of the 33 studies analyzed 16 showed an association between lack of male circumcision and the risk of HIV infection 4 showed a trend towards an association 12 showed no association and only 1 showed circumcision as associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. Lastly the evidence presented the relationship between male circumcision and the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection.


In this study, the five non-existing Indonesian sounds in Dutch sound system were observed because these sounds cause a problem. Moreover, the writers analyzed the phonological errors produced by the Dutch exchange students. The theories were from Moeliono and Darwowidjojo (2003) for the Indonesian consonants and from Mennen, Levelt and Gerrits (2006) for the Dutch consonants. The findings show that there were five Indonesian sounds that do not exist in Dutch sound system. Furthermore, the Dutch exchange students produced phonological errors in initial, medial and final positions. In conclusion, the phonological errors in five observed sounds produced by the Dutch exchange students happened because of the L1 transfer and the lack of knowledge of Indonesian consonants.


Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection( FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was used to study the curing catalytic properties of the catalyst of iron acetylacetonate( Fe( AA) 3),Triphenyl bismuth( TPB),Magnesium naphthenate( CH),Dibutyltin dilaurate( T12) and Triethylamine TEA on PET/IPDI binder system. The experimental results show that: CH and T12 accelerate the curing rate of PET/ IPDI binder system greatly because of the high catalyze activity,and the TEA is volatile,so they are all difficult to meet the technical requirements; Fe( AA) 3 and TPB are effective catalyzer for the PET/ IPDI binder system; PET/ IPDI /0. 1% TPB system would late accelerate after 5 h at 70 ℃ with the early activation energy is 55. 67 kJ / mol,and the late activation energy is 129. 46 kJ / mol; the activity of Fe( AA) 3 decreases with increasing of the content of HAA,and the curing catalytic properties are better when Fe( AA) 3 : HAA =0.01%:0. 09%; The activation energy of PET/ IPDI /0. 1% Fe( AA) 3-0. 09HAA system is 22. 78 kJ / mol.


Lam, Charles T.K. Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2015. Understanding What Verb Phrases and Adjective Phrases Have in Common: Evidence from Mandarin Alternations. Major Professor: Ronnie Wilbur. The goal of the present study is to investigates the relation between syntax and semantics. To this end, this study looks at the Mandarin verbal alternation (ba-construction and SVO order) and comparative alternation (transitive comparative and bi-comparative). In both alternations, it is observed that one variant is selective to its complement predicates. This study proposes that the selectivity of ba-construction and the transitive comparative in syntax comes from the semantic boundedness. Specifically, the selective functional head (little-v0 or Deg0, respectively) is hypothesized to require its complements to be bounded, which can be encoded in various ways, such as secondary predicates or perfective marking in the verbal domain and closed scale adjectives or measure phrase in the adjectival domain. On the other hand, the SVO order and the bi-comparative are hypothesized to be unselective and compatible with all types of predicates. A two-part experimental study was conducted to test the hypothesis. The judgment task elicits informants' acceptance of the alternations in a 7-point Likert scale. The comprehension task, in which participants indicate their interpretation of sentences by choosing a picture, shows that participants are sensitive to the presence of the bounded markers tested in the experiment. The results from the acceptability judgment task confirmed the hypothesis that a variant (ba and tran-


In this paper, two methods to improve the secrecy of cooperative transmissions using unshared jamming are investigated in which only the source and destination nodes know the jamming signals. The jamming signals are based on unique cipher keys obtained on the high layers. In the first proposed method (SJ protocol), a source combines its secrecy signal with its jamming signal using the power allocation strategy before broadcasting to the relay, destination and even eavesdropper nodes. In the second proposed method (DJ protocol), a source transmits its secrecy signal at the same time a destination transmits its jamming signal. For the secrecy performance evaluation, the asymptotic secrecy outage probability of the end-to-end achievable secrecy rate over flat and block Rayleigh fading channels are studied. Monte-Carlo results are presented to verify the theoretical analyses.


The six third‐order moduli of GaAs have been determined by measurement of ultrasonic wave velocities (time delays) as a function of applied stress. The adiabatic values (in units of 1012 dyn/cm2) at 25°C and for zero electric field are very similar to those previously obtained for Si and Ge, as can be seen from the following table: ModulusGaAsGeSiC111−6.22±0.06−7.10−8.25C112−3.87±0.03−3.89−4.51C123−0.57±0.06−0.18−0.64C144+0.02±0.09−0.23+0.12C166−2.69±0.06−2.92−3.10C456−0.39±0.09−0.53−0.64.


Serine aminoacylation system is unique as it is the only system where synthetase of class II recognizes tRNA with a long variable stem (type II tRNA), which is of great interest to study the mechanisms of tRNA recognition by corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Current paper presents the methodological approaches for obtaining purified isoacceptor tRNA1Ser and tRNA2Ser in milligram quantities from extremal thermophil Thermus thermophilus for crystallography. The developed method of tRNASer purification employs the chromatography on benzoylated diethylaminoethylcellulose and high-performance liquid chromatography on anion-exchange column Spherogel TSK DEAE 5PW, and reverse phase column Ultrapore C8 using HPLC equipment (Beckman).


Different schools of psychology have different emphases on the personality study of psychology.Though the attempt to integrate the personality study in cognitive processing and evolutionism psychology has been made,it has not been established on a complete comprehension of the personality study.Only from the perspective of dialectical thinking,the integrated horizon concerning the personality study of psychology can be really understood.


In order to evaluate the response of body tissues studied serial sections of tissues of animals after subcutaneous impalntatsii new models of vascular patches. In the subcutaneous tissue of rats implanted with 40 new two types of implants at 14 days after implantation revealed that the presence in the tissues of the anterior abdominal wall laboratory animals prostheses made of Dacron material leads to the development of aseptic inflammatory reaction in the area of standing prostheses. Changing phases of the inflammatory response is faster in a series of studies with the material A ( LLC "Linteks" ) manifested by a statistically significant increase in the number of fibroblastic cells and a decrease in number of lymphocytes and phagocytes in the cell layer of the capsule compared with a series of studies with material C ( LLC PTGO "North").


5.5 GHz LC VCO is fabricated using 0.18 um CMOS process. And this paper presents the phase noise performance dependence on the tail current source transistor in standard CMOS technology. The LC VCO has the minimum point of frequency variation and the optimal selection of tail current at maximum 2nd-order generation can achieve good phase noise performance. By optimizing the tail current, we have achieved phase noise, -90 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset.


In this paper a strategy for controlling error when calculating model parameter values from low-resolution low-accuracy data (LRLA-data) is presented. The basic principle of the proposed strategy is that the error in the model output can be reduced by output aggregation. By comparing the output from LRLA input data and high-resolution, high-accuracy input data (HRHA-data) at various aggregation levels, the error due to a decrease in accuracy and resolution of the input data can be assessed. An aggregation level can then be chosen so that an output is generated with the desired level of error and sufficient spatial detail. The method may also be used to evaluate the information loss when simplified models are used. The calculation of the topographic factors in an erosion model is taken here as an example application.


The results of optimization calculations of the separative power of the ''high-speed" Iguasu gas centrifuge are presented. Iguasu gas centrifuge has the rotational speed of 1000 m/s, the rotor length of 1 m. The dependence of the optimal separative power on the pressure of the working gas on the rotor wall was obtained using the numerical simulations. It is shown, that maximum of the optimal separative power corresponds to the pressure of 1100 mmHg. Maximum value of separative power is 31.9 SWU.


In order to study the properties of linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating(LCFBG),and further use it in optical fiber lasers,the coupling theory of the LCFBG was introduced.By using four-order Runge-Kutta method,transfer matrix method and the control variable method,the dependence of reflectivity of the LCFBG on chirp coefficient,direct current index change spatially averaged over a grating period,and the dependence of full width at half maximum on the length of the LCFBG were simulated.The results show that linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings can broaden the bandwidth.Based on this conclusion,the gratings are used as cavity mirrors of fiber lasers can expand the output spectrum,which can be used as a broadband light source.


After introducing the mechanical structure and working principle of electric power steering (EPS), theEPS dynamic model and the state space equation are established. Based on this model, a PID genetic algorithmcontrol strategy for EPS is put forward, i.e. , use the powerful search ability of genetic algorithm to optimize theparameters of the PID controller, the PID controller can achieve a better control effect. By using Matlab/Simulinksimulation and analysis, the simulation results show that the control strategy makes EPS fast response and stableoutput, the performance has been effectively improved. Therefore, it has laid the theoretical foundation to developproducts.


The marketing strategy that involves companies and customers continuing to experience development and is relevant to the current business situation is the Relationship Marketing strategy, a marketing strategy that seeks to foster closer relationships with customers. This strategy aims to create, maintain and improve reciprocal relationships with customers and interested parties. In this study, the researchers chose BJB Bandung because, for now, many people choose the bank to conduct all kinds of financial transactions. Thus, it needs to be analyzed to what extent customers are satisfied with relationship marketing given by BJB Bandung bank. This study's population is the Government employees (ASN) in the Regional Government of West Bandung Regency (KBB Regional Government), totaling 100 people. Sampling was done by implementing the total sampling technique. This research uses a quantitative method. Using the structural equation method model partial least square SEM PLS. Research shows that the five variables from the relationship marketing dimensions, which are trust, commitment, communication, competence, and conflict handling, influence customer satisfaction.


Declining yields of local taro cultivars, worsened in recent years by outbreak of taro leaf blight (TLB), necessitate the development of varieties that combine TLB resistance with high yield and quality. The objective of the experiment was to obtain viable true taro seeds (TTS), the lack of which has hindered local breeding effort to improve taro. Fifteen exotic cultivars of taro, obtained from International Network on Edible Aroids (INEA) as part of an EU-funded project on "Adapting Clonally Propagated Crops to Climatic and Commercial Change," and four local cultivars constituted the crossing block at Umudike (5°24′ to 5°30′ N; 7°31ʹ to 7°37ʹE) in south eastern Nigeria in 2013. One hundred and nine crosses were made, of which 18.3% were successful, but only infructescence from nine crosses developed to maturity and produced seeds. Germination of these TTS started on the 7th day after sowing. Seedlings that developed from these seeds were transplanted into small bags filled with sterilized peat mixed with vermiculite. Each plant is expected to be genetically different from all others and could be a potentially improved cultivar. This is the first report of successful hybridization, production of TTS, and development of seedlings from true seed of taro in Nigeria.


Three dimensional (3D) flower-shaped microarchitectures of NaY(WO4)2 were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process in the presence of trisodium citrate (Na3Cit) and a post-calcination process. The effects of reaction conditions on the morphology of precursor microstructures were studied. It was found that Na3Cit, as the chelating agent and shape modifier, plays a key role in the microstructure growth. A possible growth mechanism for the flower-shaped microarchitectures was proposed. The as-formed precursor can completely transform into NaY(WO4)2 with its original flower-shaped morphology via a heat treatment process. The concentration and temperature quenching behaviors of Eu3+ fluorescence in the flower-shaped NaY(WO4)2 were studied, and the optimal doping concentration was confirmed, meanwhile the activation energy was obtained. Judd-Ofelt parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6) of Eu3+ in the flower-shaped NaY(WO4)2 phosphor were obtained by using the emission spectrum of Eu3+, moreover the radiative transition properties were analyzed.


It has been established that in order to accurately model a knee joint a reasonable approximation of the soft tissues present is necessary1. Models which include these soft tissue structures are able to better reproduce joint kinematics, loading, and analyze the impact of damage and pathological joint behavior1. Simulating the behavior of these tissues requires either a detailed understanding of materials properties that can be implemented via finite element models or the production of an empirical model that can be implemented inside other model frameworks2,3. This study explores the application of multibody (MB) modeling techniques in an attempt to capture the flexible behavior of biological tissues inside of a rigid body mechanics software, MD ADAMS (MSC software, Santa Ana, California), by tuning the performance to experimental data using design of experiments (DOE).Copyright © 2011 by ASME


RESULTS obtained with regard to the oxidation-reduction potentials of cultures of haemolytic streptococci [Hewitt, 1930, 1] and C. diphtheriae [Hewitt, 1930, 2] have been reported already. Close similarities in some respects and distinct differences in other points were traced in the behaviour of the two classes of organisms. In this communication the study is extended to Staphylococcus aureus cultures with the object of obtaining general rules concerning the oxidation-reduction potential changes occurring in bacterial cultures. Staphylococci, like the organisms previously studied, may be cultivated under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but most luxuriant growth is observed when free access to oxygen is provided. The very wide range of values of oxygen tension over which many micro-organisms can multiply contrasts with the relatively narrow limits within which higher organisms can survive. This ease of adaptation to different respiratory conditions confers on bacteria the pro-perty of great variation in behaviour.


This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of technologies that predict and assess the future aircraft energy state and autoflight configuration, and provide appropriate alerting to better inform pilots of the effect of problematic autoflight inputs or conditions. Prediction algorithms are used to extrapolate the current state of the aircraft based on flight management, autopilot and autothrottle system control laws and knowledge of mode transition logic. The resulting predicted trajectory represents the future four-dimensional flight path of the aircraft if the current course of action is continued. Probabilistic methods are used to estimate the trim envelope through high-fidelity model-based computation of attainable equilibrium sets. The corresponding maneuverability limitations of the aircraft are determined through a robust reachability analysis (relative to the trim envelope) through an optimal control formulation. The combination of prediction and assessment technologies are used to trigger timely alerts to avoid loss of control situations. The maneuvering envelope limits are also indicated on the primary flight display, and the predicted trajectory is displayed on navigation and vertical situation displays. The display features and alerts were evaluated in the Advanced Concepts Flight Simulator at NASA Ames Research Center, where commercial airline crews flew multiple problematic approach and landings scenarios to investigate the impact on current and future aircraft energy state awareness. Results show that the display features and alerts have the potential to improve situational awareness of what the automation is doing now and what it will do in the future.


Sparse signal recovery or compressed sensing (CS) theory has recently received attention in the image compression field. CS has proven that the successful recovery rate of the multiple measurement vectors (MMVs) model is higher than that of the single measurement vector (SMV) case. Most existing algorithms have focused on sparse signal recovery using the MMV model, without considering converting the general SMV model into the MMV model. In this study, a simple transforming model that takes advantage of the correlations among wavelet coefficients is proposed, such that the MMV model can be used for general images rather than only certain special signals. To further enhance the performance of the MMV model, the improved MMV model based on the similarity of image blocks is proposed. Simulation results have shown that the obtained solution matrix can be used in the MMV model, and that the proposed algorithm provides better reconstruction quality than many state-of-the-art algorithms.


Cerium (IV)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly desirable due to their unique potential in fields such as redox catalysis and photocatalysis. However, due to the high reduction potential of Ce(IV) species in solution, it is still a great challenge to synthesize Ce(IV)-MOFs with novel structures, which are extremely dominated by the hexanuclear Ce-O cluster inorganic building units (IBUs). Herein, a Ce-O chain IBU containing Ce(IV)-MOF CSUST-3 (CSUST: Changsha University of Science and Technology) was successfully prepared guided by the kinetic stabilization study of UiO-66(Ce)-NDC (H 2 NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid). Furthermore, owing to the superior redox activity, Lewis acidity and semiconductor-like behavior incurred by Ce 4+ , activated CSUST-3 was demonstrated to be an excellent catalyst for CO 2 chemical fixation by virtue of one-pot synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene and CO 2 under mild conditions (1 atm CO 2 , 80 °C, and solvent-free), as well as to be a remarkable co-catalyst-free photocatalyst for overall water splitting (OWS), which exhibits 59 μmol∙g -1 ∙h -1 of H 2 and 22 μmol∙g -1 ∙h -1 of O 2 under simulated sunlight irradiation (Na 2 S-Na 2 SO 3 as sacrificial agent).


A generalized displacement method has been previously presented for the analysis of thin plate‐shell structures with the use of bilinear 4‐node isoparametric shell elements. Following this approach, a procedure for the geometrically non‐linear analysis of thin plates and shells based on both updated and total Lagrangian formulations is developed. The results of some numerical examples are presented to show the versatility and effectiveness of the method.


FROM weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to how to treat cut pads, this is not your typical textbook. There is sound, specific advice on how to deal with veterinary problems in working animals during a disaster; background information on chemical, biological and radiological agents; and an aide-me


Objectives To investigate the change of the frequency of needle injury in nurses before and after the education on prevention of needle injury,and determine the effect of the education.Method The questionnaire was used to investigate the frequency of needle injury per nurse per year before and after the prevention education respectively.Result After the education on prevention of needle injury,the frequency of needle injury per nurse per year was significantly reduced by 41.54% than before ( P 0.01).Conclusion The education on prevention of needle injury was one of the effective measures to reduce the frequency of needle injury in nurses.


Abstract : This Futures Report offers Department of the Army (DA) and Department of Defense (DOD) planners, decisionmakers, and policymakers useful ways to describe and examine alternative futures. The report provides methods to project trends or events into the long-range future while retaining their plausibility. Additionally, it presents possible alternative conditions, trends and events that are likely to influence and challenge future defense postures. Finally, the report introduces a plausible framework for considering common future world environments in midrange and long-range planning.


The present study was taken under consideration in order to propose improved linear regression using auxiliary information's of coefficient of regression, coefficient of skewness, coefficient of variation in order to achieve more precision in estimates than the already existing estimators. The properties associated with the proposed estimators are assessed by mean square error and bias and compared with the existing estimators. In the support of the theoretical proposed work we have given numerical illustration.


A long-term transport experiment has been performed on a bioactive calcium phosphate glass of the molar composition 30CaO*25Na2O*45P2O5 using the technique of bombardment induced ion transport (BIIT) with potassium as foreign bombarder ion. Ion transport due to gradients of the electrical potential and the concentration lead to incorporation of K+ and depletion of both Na+ and Ca++ by electrodiffusion in the forward direction. The resulting concentration profiles have been quantitatively analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The concentration profiles of the P+ and POx+ signals (x = 1–4) resemble those of the K+, Na+, and Ca++ signals, indicating a characteristic change of the local bonding situation. This is interpreted as an indirect hint of a change of local structure of the glass network. Because the concentration profiles imprinted by the BIIT constitute pronounced concentration gradients, these depletion profiles further evolve on a much longer time scale due to chem...


Massive hydrothorax secondary to pleuroperitoneal communication occurs as a complication of CAPD. The key to successful surgical therapy depends on the precise detection of the transdiaphragmatic route of dialysate leakage. In this report, we present the case of a 56-year-old woman successfully treated with thoracoscopic closure. Although only a subtle change was noted under white-light thoracoscopy, the route of fluorescence leakage of ICG administered from the peritoneal catheter clearly seen under infrared thoracoscopy and hiatus of the diaphragm were closed by excision and suturing. The patient could resume CAPD 40 days after surgery without recurrence of hydrothorax.


The present invention relates to an improved process for producing acetic acid. Pumping circulation reactor for generating additional heat for steam production. Pumping circulation reactor receiving portion of the reaction solution resulting from the carbonylation reactor, and further the portion and additional carbon monoxide and / or reactants reacted.


Methods in use at the author's organisation for the continuous coloration of paper are described. Particular attention is paid to the techniques for the preparation of dye-liquors and for their addition.


• feel confident in his/her choice of clinical radiology as a career; • have mastered the basic sciences of clinical radiology (physics, radiological anatomy and radiological techniques) to the level of the First FFR examination (see Section 3.2); • be familiar with the concepts and terminology of diagnostic and interventional radiology; • understand the role and usefulness of the various diagnostic and interventional techniques in all age groups; • understand the responsibilities of a radiologist to the patient and the need for informed consent; • be familiar with the various contrast media, drugs (including intravenous sedation) and monitoring used in day to day radiological practice, and be aware of indications, contraindications, doses (adult and paediatric) and the management of reactions and complications; • be competent in cardiopulmonary resuscitation; • understand the principles of radiation protection and be familiar with the legal framework for protection against ionising radiation. The trainee should also demonstrate that he/she is capable of safe radiological practice; • be familiar with safety requirements for radionuclide imaging and imaging with non-ionising radiation (e.g. ultrasound and magnetic resonance); • have learnt and performed core radiological and radiographic procedures (see Section 3.3); • have developed, under supervision, core reporting skills (see Section 3.4); • understand and practise clinical audit.


1 New IMEC program aims to integrate packaging with Cu/low-k interconnect IMEC has launched a program to integrate packaging and back-end-of-line processes. The IMEC Industrial Affiliation Program (IIAP) called " Wafer-level packaging on Cu/low-k " will focus on the challenges related to the packaging of Cu/low-k integrated circuits. The program is also important in preparing the future function of the package as a provider of global interconnects within the chip. Modulation schemes like OFDM offer high bitrates for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). IMEC is currently developing protocols to use these high bitrates efficiently. In this context, IMEC developed a flexible system model that is the basis for simulating, testing, implementing and demonstrating wireless LAN protocols and new techniques that will fur-IMEC develops a flexible system model, based on the standardized HiperLAN 2 protocol, that is the basis for simulating, testing, implementing and demonstrating wireless LAN protocols. The major challenges in IC packaging technology arise from the use of Cu interconnect and low-k materials. Low-k dielectrics are mechanically weaker and are more susceptible to moisture migration, leading to possible early corrosion failures of the die. Therefore, the IIAP will determine an improved chip passivation which covers the Cu/low-k interconnect structure. Handling copper interconnect pads also raises several new issues which need to be investigated such as oxidation of copper, wire bond-ability of copper and interconnect reliability. The program will therefore look to the optimization of the bond pad design. Direct bonding on Cu will be investigated. The preferred solution is the use of copper wire bonding directly onto copper IC bond pads, since this avoids interdiffusion problems. Several tests have already proven feasibility but more work is needed before this technology reaches the productivity of current state-of-the-art fine pitch gold wire bond equipment. These novel back-end-of-line (BEOL) technologies will be mainly used in the leading edge CMOS technologies. As the CMOS road-map predicts that the I/O wire-bond pitch will decrease to 40µm In this issue… IIAP on wafer-level packaging on Cu/low-k 1 IMEC develops flexible HiperLAN 2 protocol 1 Editorial 2 Turbo codes @ minimal power 3 A new efficiency record for plastic solar cells 5 OFDM chip used for widebeam technology 6 IMEC and Philips Research realize 100nm CMOS 7 IMEC opens office in China 8 MPEG-21 reaches first milestone 8 Antwerp Innovation Center founds OligoSense 9 High-efficiency multicrystalline Si solar cells 9 K. Maex and M. Heyns appointed …


This dissertation presents the findings of an on-line survey completed by 222 FYC (First Year Composition) instructors at universities and community colleges across the United States along with supplemental information derived from multiple open-ended interviews with seven FYC instructors in Arizona. Both survey and interview questions were designed to accomplish three primary goals: to determine which conventions of academic English FYC instructors identify as most important; to understand the common problems encountered by instructors in teaching those conventions, and; to solicit instructors' perceptions about ways in which learning outcomes might be improved. Results indicate general consensus among FYC instructors on which skills are both the most critical to academic English proficiency and the most difficult for their students to learn. At the same time, the survey and interview responses reflect widespread dissatisfaction with the ways in which academic English sequences are currently structured, apparently related to the instructors' common perception that the sequences are only "somewhat" successful in terms of preparing students for successful academic writing. Accordingly, the overwhelming majority of FYC instructors suggest changes for increasing the effectiveness of their programs; however, there is surprisingly little agreement among them on what those changes should be. The concluding section of this study presents pragmatic suggestions – congruent with a number of the instructors' observations – for reconfiguring FYC sequences.


Objective: Matching safety and quality improvements to the complexity of healthcare, Gold Coast Mental Health and Specialist Services implemented a new response to clinical incidents: the Gold Coast Clinical Incident Response Framework (GC-CIRF). It utilises a Restorative Just Culture (RJC) framework and Safety II principles. This paper evaluates its impact.Methods: Staff surveys measured perceptions of just culture and second victim experiences. Quality of recommendations were compared before and after implementation. For the 19 incidents that occurred after the implementation of GC-CIRF, audits of the review processes were undertaken, measuring several components.Results: Results show significant improvement in staff perceptions of just culture and second victim experiences. Review of incident review data showed several shifts in line with Safety II and RJC. The process audit demonstrated inclusion of a broad range of stakeholders, and significant improvements in the quality and strength of recommendations.Conclusions: Embedding RJC and Safety II concepts into the incident review process is associated with improved measures of culture and review outputs. The integration of Safety II concepts and support of cultural shifts will require further work and committed leadership at all levels.


This paper studies the secrecy performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channels, also termed as multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) channels, under transmit antenna selection (TAS) and BPSK/QPSK modulations. In the main channel between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver, a single transmit antenna is selected to maximize the instantaneous Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver. At the receiver and the eavesdropper, selection combining (SC) is utilized. Additionally, suppose that the transmitted message is modulated by BPSK/QPSK modes. We first derive the closed-form approximated expression for the ergodic secrecy rate under Rayleigh fading, assuming that the channel state information of the eavesdropper (CSIE) is available at the transmitter. Next, analytical formulas for the approximated and asymptotic secrecy outage probability are also developed when CSIE is unavailable (NCSIE). Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the approximation precision of the derived results above. Furthermore, the asymptotic results reveal that the secrecy diversity order degrades into 0 due to the finite-alphabet inputs, which is totally different from that driven by the Gaussian inputs.


Abstract Mathematical modeling of blood flows in the arteries is an important and challenging problem. This study compares several non-Newtonian blood models with the Newtonian model in simulating pulsatile blood flow through two three-dimensional models of an arterial stenosis and an aneurysm. Four non-Newtonian blood models, namely the Power Law, the Casson, the Carreau, and the Generalized Power Law, as well as the Newtonian model of blood viscosity, are used to investigate the flow effects induced by these different blood constitutive equations. The aim of this study is three-fold: firstly, to investigate the variation in wall shear stress in an artery with a stenosis or aneurysm at different flow rates and degrees of severity; secondly, to compare the various blood models and hence quantify the differences between the models and judge their significance; and lastly, to determine whether the use of the Newtonian blood model is appropriate over a wide range of shear rates.


India has 15 defined chicken breeds distributed in various parts of the country. These breeds are well adapted and intricately associated with the culture of farming community. Highly polymorphic ubiquitously distributed 25 microsatellite loci were utilized for genotyping these breeds to establish population parameters and genetic relationship among them. All the loci selected exhibited high polymorphic information content and gene diversity. All the breeds also revealed high degree of gene diversity. The F statistics points towards presence of population structure in all the chicken breeds and there was significant differentiation among the chicken populations. The chord genetic distance topology using neighbour joining algorithm established 8 distinct clusters based on bootstrap values obtained from 1000 replicates. Except for Nicobari and Punjab Brown breeds all the chicken breeds conformed to their respective geographical locations.


MQ resin was prepared by cheap water glass and TMDSO as raw material,then reacted with 107 silicone rubber to get pressure-sensitive adhesive.The effects of the adding order and ratio of water glass and dimethyl cyclosiloxane on the properties of MQ resin,the effects of condensation of MQ resin modified group on the properties of pressure-sensitive adhesive,and the effects of condensation time of MQ silicone resin and 107 silicone rubber on properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive,the effects of the amount of initiator DPO on the peel strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive,the effects of adhesive properties of various substrate on silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive,and effects of phenyl on the heat resistance of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive were investigated.The results showed that preparation process for MQ resin was that after 0.5h of sodium silicate hydrolysis,methylalkylsiloxane was introduced;the ratio of M and Q should be controlled at 0.6 to 1.0;Phenyl 5%.The introduction of phenyl and vinyl to MQ silicone resins at the same time could improve the heat resistance,peel strength of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive,and adhesion to the substrate.The preparation of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive technology was that condensation reaction time 4h,BPO amount of 3.0% of pressure-sensitive adhesive.The obtained silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive had good adhesion on PET and PI films


we become proud, which destroys the virtue we have obtained. Awareness of these sins provides us with knowledge we desperately need, which is knowing our need for God. In the end it is the virtue of humility—a sane estimation of ourselves—that drives us to grace. For all their obsession with ascetic practices, the ancient monks knew how much they needed grace, which is why they pursued God. Humility reminded them of their weakness and fragility and vulnerability; it also made them secure because they learned to rely on God. C. S. Lewis put it best. True humility it not thinking less of ourselves; if anything, that is simply another expression of egoism. It is thinking of ourselves less. Okholm can wander at times, taking a detour without making it clear where he is going and how he plans to return to the major highway down which he is traveling. It will not pose a problem to scholars; it might to lay readers. He uses case studies throughout the book, but none as clearly as his first, which appears in the chapter on gluttony. One clear, crisp, and obvious case study for each chapter would have been helpful, especially because his intended audience is the non-expert. This book would be useful in a college course, reading group, and sermons series. Its greatest strength is the ease with which it moves between the ancient world and the modern world, demonstrating that these two worlds share more in common than we might assume. There is much we can learn from the ancient monks. Okholm makes that winsomely clear.


The adsorption mode of benzoic acid onto the anatase TiO2 (100) surface has been studied through the semi-empirical self-consistent field molecular orbital method MSINDO and is compared with previously determined modes of four aromatic compounds: chlorobenzene, aniline, p-chlorophenol and nitrobenzene. The simulation results reveal that aniline and p-chlorophenol molecules are adsorbed with their aromatic ring positioned parallel to the surface although they are linked to a surface lattice titanium atom via the amino nitrogen and phenolic oxygen respectively. In contrast, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene and benzoic acid are found in perpendicular configurations and they are attached to the surface via the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the NO2 and COOH groups respectively. The calculated substrate–surface interaction energy is influenced by the degree of basicity of the lone pair of the donating atoms, the number of linkages between the substrate and the surface and, further, the hydrogen bonding between the acidic hydrogen and lattice oxygen atom. The computed vibrational density of states for these adsorbed organic pollutants is in reasonably good agreement with available experimental data and previous theoretical results.


Socially responsible activities represent modern concept of business of many companies. They thrive in different ways to contribute to the solutions of current social problems and thus build positive public attitude and the image of socially responsible market participants. Representation of socially responsible activities of a company could be performed in different ways - by advertising, informing interested groups, socially responsible advertising, or by organizing socially responsible activities. The paper discusses these various methods of communication with target public groups, their advantages and the results of recent studies on the attitudes of consumers towards such activities. .


A comparison of two extraction methods (Sep-Pak and blue rayon) of mutagens in the urine was demonstrated using the salmonella mutagenicity test. Most of the urine extracts with Sep-Pak tC18 were more mutagenic than those with blue rayon. It was suggested that the Sep-Pak extraction method was useful for the evaluation of human exposure to carcinogens/mutagens in daily life based on the mutagenic activity of the urine.


Back Propagation Neural Network, as a method of data fusion technology, has been used in many common fields widely. In this paper, Back Propagation Neural Network based on Binary Full Codes has been presented. Traditional Back Propagation method may classify the data as a good result, but it does not recognize the untrained data exactly. Back Propagation Neural Network based on Binary Full Codes method can solve this problem with mapping the float data into binary space using multi-modal on feature level fusion. The result of experiment proves that this algorithm obtains a good verification effect.


Cognitive map is a qualitative decision model which is frequently used in social science and decision making applications. This model allows to easily organize individuals' judgments, thinking or beliefs about a given problem in a graphical representation containing different concepts and influences between them. However, reasoning on this model presents some limits and remains a difficult task. For example, cognitive maps do not model uncertainty within the variables, and only deductive reasoning (predicting an effect given a cause) is possible. In this paper, we show how to translate the knowledge represented in cognitive maps in the form of arguments and attack relations among them. In particular, given a decision problem, a cognitive map was first built by eliciting knowledge from experts and then transforming it in a weighted argumentation framework (WAF for short) for ensuring efficient reasoning. Another contribution of this paper concerns enriching the WAF obtained from a given cognitive map for dealing with dynamics through the consideration of a varying set of observations.


In current topology inference,the delay-based "sandwich" probe scheme balances the accuracy of topology inference and effects of the probe traffic without clock synchronization.For the effects of "sandwich" probe is mainly determined by the large packet of the probe,an improved "sandwich" probe is used by replacing the small packets with back-to-back small packets and sharing the large packet.The measurements using the improved probe obtain as twice information as the original probe and thus reduce the number of probes.According to the monotonic non decrease of metric on the shared path and the correlation of packets,the grouping methods are used to infer topology of network with less computation overhead than MLE algorithm.Therefore,the delay difference-based grouping method is adopted to infer the topology of network.Simulation results show that the accuracy of topology inference is improved in both lightly and high loaded network by using the improved "sandwich" probe.


The effective threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering for a data-encoded signal is increased from 11.0 to 23.4 dBm by using a temperature-tunable laser diode. A 5 kHz sinusoid is applied to a Ti/Pt thin film resistor located along the laser contact on top of the device, resulting in a 10 kHz dithering of the wavelength. The residual amplitude modulation index at 10 kHz is only 1.2/spl times/10/sup -4/.


The view that Mitt Romney cannot close the deal with Republican voters has become broadly accepted by most people observing and commenting on this year's Republican presidential primary. There is some truth to this view, as suggested by Romney's inability to finish off a weak field of competitors despite an enormous edge in money, organization, stature and endorsements, or to get more than 50 percent of the vote in most states. Nonetheless, Romney is still very likely to be his party's nominee in the general election, notwithstanding occasionally-discussed scenarios about brokered conventions.


A new ball joint actuator with three-degree-of-freedom is proposed to solve the problem of space motion. It can perform some specific work in a certain space with multiple degrees of freedom. At first, the kinematics and workspace of the actuator are analyzed. Then, the dynamics is analyzed using the LaGrange method. In this paper, a modeling approach from the serial robotic arm is utilized to derive a symmetric, positive definite inertia matrix. It facilitates easier access to the dynamical model. Finally, simulation analysis is performed to verify the effectiveness of the method.


The airbag's flaw will not only cause it to lose protection crew member's function,but also will cause crew member's extra damage in the traffic accident.For absence of the airbag flaw investigation technology,the standard and recall supervisory system in china,we investigated and studied the present situation of airbag recall in the domestic and foreign.The airbag flaw's characteristic of the U.S.Defective Product Management Center to recall was analyzed.Conforming to our country national condition,the airbag flaw determination general procedure was established,and the flaw determination software was compiled.The results may promote the airbag profession standardization and the standardized advancement,thus with every effort protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.


Summary Chronic, progressive, non-obstructed, enterococcal pyelonephritis in the rat is not associated with hypertension. It is suggested that this may be related to the absence of significant arteriolar nephrosclerosis.


Abstract The preparation of N2, N2-dimethylguanosine is described. The use of the 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl group instead of the benzyl protecting group for the O6 position of the guanine ring resulted in better yields and shorter protocols.


http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/107/1/98.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: (1961 articles) Transplantation  (1930 articles) Signal Transduction  (3215 articles) Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells  (143 articles) Cytoskeleton  (790 articles) Cell Adhesion and Motility  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:


[1] Most recent Martian interior structure models are based on the planet's polar moment of inertia C, although the mean moment of inertia I is required for constructing spherically symmetric models of planetary interiors. Using the improved value of C/MpRp2 recently obtained from a combined reanalysis of the entire set of radio science data collected during the last three decades and accounting for the rotationally and topographically induced shape of the planet's gravitational field, we find a mean moment-of-inertia factor of I/MpRp2 = 0.3635 ± 0.0012. The new lower value suggests a core radius several tens of kilometers larger if other parameters like core density, crust density, and crust thickness are fixed. It further implies that the Martian crust is several tens of kilometers thicker than previously thought if crust and mantle densities and core size are given. Moreover, the Martian mantle may be less dense, about several tens of kg m−3, with a smaller iron content than previously thought if crust thickness and core size are specified. The mantle density of Mars is relatively well determined by the planet's moment of inertia factor if crust thickness and density are specified.


This text expounds the application of AT89C51 in packaging machine.The method of how to design the control system is also offered.The method can improve the old one, and the main circuit chart and the flowing chart of the main program are provided.


A short proof is given for the theorem that in a rectilinear, simply connected art gallery, $[ n /4 ]$ watchmen are sufficient, where n is the number of the corners, in order for at least one to have a view of each internal point.


In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for the design of sparse FIR filters. Traditional l1-optimization-based methods take all the coefficients into l1-norm minimization. However, it is unnecessary since some of them can only take nonzero values to satisfy design specifications. Furthermore, minimizing l1 norm of all the coefficients could drive the design results to deviate from the optimal ones. The proposed algorithm aims to identify nonzero coefficients at some crucial positions in each iteration to minimize the number of nonzero coefficients. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve better design results than traditional l1-optimization methods.


The extrathalamic relay from the brainstem reticular formation to the cerebral cortex in the basal forebrain has been thought to be constituted predominantly, if not exclusively, by cholinergic neurons. In contrast, the septohippocampal projection has been shown to contain an important contingent of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. In the present study, we investigated whether GABAergic neurons also contribute to the projection from the basal forebrain to neocortical regions, including the mesocortex (limbic) and the isocortex in the rat. For this purpose, retrograde transport of cholera toxin (CT) was examined from the medial prefrontal cortex for the mesocortex and from the parietal cortex for the isocortex and was combined with dual‐immunohistochemical staining for either choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in adjacent series of sections.


The X-ray free-electron laser X-FEL that is being planned at the DESY research center in cooperation with European partners will produce high-intensity ultra-short X-ray flashes with the properties of laser light. This new light source, which can only be described in terms of superlatives, will open up a whole range of new possibilities for the natural sciences. It could also offer very promising opportunities for industrial users. SIMCON (SIMulator and CONtroller) is the project of the fast, low latency digital controller dedicated to the LLRF system in VUV FEL experiment. The main purpose of the project is to create a controller to stabilize the vector sum of fields in cavities of one cryo-module in the experiment. The device can be also used as the simulator of the cavity and test bench for other devices. The synchronic, optical link project was made for the accelerator X-FEL laser TESLA, the LLRF control system experiment at DESY, Hamburg. The control and diagnostic data is transmitted up to 2.5Gbit/s through a plastic fiber in a distance up to a few hundred meters. The link is synchronized once after power up, and never resynchronized when data is transmitted with maximum speed. The one way link bit error rate is less then 10-15. The transceiver component written in VHDL that works in the dedicated Altera® Stratix® GX FPGA circuit. During the work in the PERG laboratory a 2.5Gbit/s serial link with the long vector parallel interface transceiver was created. Long-Data-Vector transceiver transmits 16bit vector each 8ns with 120ns latency.


It has long been observed that the performance of evolutionary algorithms and other randomized search heuristics can benefit from a non-static choice of the parameters that steer their optimization behavior. Mechanisms that identify suitable configurations on the fly ("parameter control") or via a dedicated training process ("dynamic algorithm configuration") are thus an important component of modern evolutionary computation frameworks. Several approaches to address the dynamic parameter setting problem exist, but we barely understand which ones to prefer for which applications. As in classical benchmarking, problem collections with a known ground truth can offer very meaningful insights in this context. Unfortunately, settings with well-understood control policies are very rare. One of the few exceptions for which we know which parameter settings minimize the expected runtime is the LeadingOnes problem. We extend this benchmark by analyzing optimal control policies that can select the parameters only from a given portfolio of possible values. This also allows us to compute optimal parameter portfolios of a given size. We demonstrate the usefulness of our benchmarks by analyzing the behavior of the DDQN reinforcement learning approach for dynamic algorithm configuration.


ZnO nanostructures have been studied extensively in the past few years due to their funda‐ mental and technological importance [1-5]. In particular, it is a wide-direct-band gap (~3.37 eV), II–VI semiconductor with many potential applications such as nanolaser arrays [2,6], gas sensors [7-10], field emission devices [11-12] and luminescent materials [13-16]. A great deal of attention has been focused on one-dimensional nanostructures because of their supe‐ rior properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, high crystalline quality, and quantum confinement effects, which are suitable for various electronics and optoelectronics applica‐ tions. Up to now, many ZnO configurations have been reported such as nanobelts, nano‐ wires [10–11], nanoneedles [3], nanotetrapods [9], nanocombs [17] and so on. It has also been suggested that ZnO nanostructures are probably the most abundant forms of any known materials. Therefore, proper control of processing parameters is essential to reproduce the desired nanostructures. Synthesis of aligned one-dimensional ZnO nanowire arrays has at‐ tracted much attention, which includes the techniques of metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) and solution based chemical technique [21-24]. A solution-based technique is an attractive ap‐ proach for the growth of ZnO nanostructures because of its simplicity and low cost [25, 26]. In addition, this method allows large-scale growth of aligned ZnO nanowires on an arbitra‐ ry substrate, which promotes the integration of ZnO nanomaterials for various applications. But the main drawback of chemical process is the poor quality of nanowire. On the other hand, physical process are of particular interest since they have many advantages such as the ability to fabricate nanostructures of better quality, well controllable configurations, and good reproducibility. From a physical point of view, the synthesis methods for one-dimen‐


As the rapid development MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) packaging technology and magnetoresistance material technology, MR (magnetoresistive) sensors based on magnetoresistance effect which can carry out point measurement of magnetic field may change the measurement techniques in power systems. The currently available fault location of overhead transmission line approaches are mainly based on traveling-wave technique and impedance-based measurement technique. The novel approach based on non-contact measurement of magnetic field is advantageous over traditional approaches in that it is independent of the distributed line parameters and has a location error smaller than one span. In this paper, after a brief reviewing of the whole system architecture, design of a sensor prototype and the associated monitoring software are presented, and tests are performed to verify the functionalities of the designed system. The sensor is developed based on a 3-D AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistance) sensor and the software supports GIS interface, making the fault location intuitively clear and convenient.


Abstract : The experimental work on both the base alpha-beta alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and the Ni-modified alloy (Ti-6Al-4V-2Ni) showed that there is significant microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation. These structural evolutions affect the parameters for the constitutive equation for superplasticity. Contrary to model prediction, the strain rate sensitivity is found to be a function of temperature, in a way that exactly parallels the dependence of beta-volume fraction on temperature. An empirical equation has been proposed to characterize the non-steady state microstructure in terms of the dependence of strain hardening coefficient on temperature and strain rate. The maximum attainable ductility in this alloy is associated with a dynamic balance between strain hardening (due to grain growth) and strain softening (due to in situ grain refinement). The 7475-TR6 aluminum alloy (heat B) undergoes significant level of strain hardening due to increase in dislocation density as a function of strain. The grains do not remain equiaxed (which is contrary to most supposition of superplasticity). One does not observe a true steady-state in the microstructure during superplastic deformation. The activation energy of deformation is equal to that for volume diffusion, possibly due to the necessity of the dislocations to climb over the Cr-rich particles. The alloy cavitates extensively due to decohesion of the intermetallic particle/grain boundary interface.


The authors describe the aims, organization and problems of the show. Essays also discuss feminist art, women's imagery, art education, community arts and recommendations for changes. 20 bibl. ref.


Synthetic aggregates are produced by the thermal or chemical processing of natural or manmade materials. The physical properties of these aggregates vary considerably, depending on raw material and method of processing, and their properties are often considerably different from those of the natural aggregates on which current test methods and specifications are based. Skid resistance is primarily a function of the microtexture and macrotexture of the pavement surface. The physical properties of the individual aggregatee particles determine level of microtexture and resistance to wear and polishing, which are important properties in the retention of skid resistance. Various methods of producing synthetic aggregates for skid-resistant surfaces are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on processing methods, available raw materials, and properties of the processed aggregate. The mechanisms by which different classes of aggregates develop microtexture and resistance to wear and polishing are discussed. It is concluded that each of these materials develops skid resistance and resistance to wear and polishing in a different way and that this should be reflected in designs and specifications. Many potentially acceptable synthetic aggregates are energy and capital intensive. /Author/


This paper presents the results of two sub-studies within the ongoing four year research project Accessibility in Public Transport for people with cognitive impairments – survey methodological development and innovative information technology (IT) solutions (REKO). The research project engages different disciplines: traffic planning, occupational therapy, neuro-psychology, neurology and design sciences. The aim of the project is to investigate accessibility in public transportation for people with cognitive functional limitations (here called "target group"). The project started with an explorative stance in order to survey the target group's mobility. The method used was focus group interviews with people who were defined as "experts" experienced in communicating with members of the target group. In all, 27 persons with knowledge and/or experience of daily life for the target group participated. The aim of the second sub-study is to investigate which environmental factors that hinder or enable use of public transport for the target group. Methods used are participant observation and open-ended interviews with people from the target group. Currently the first sub-study is completed while the second is ongoing. That is the results of the second one are still preliminary, but will be presented during the conference in June 2007. The results from the focus group interviews, namely the answers of the experts, underlined that mobility is an important part of everyday life for the target group. However, there could be problems in that regard. The mobility of the target group is influenced by internal as well as external factors, and within the group various strategies are used in order to be mobile. External factors influencing mobility could be design and character of the environment such as for example the fact that traffic environment bring complex situations which are hard to handle for the target group. Internal factors that influenced mobility were self-confidence, self-esteem and the wish to feel like a "normal" member of society. Strategies are used in order to overcome difficulties when for example finding the way, to feel confidence or to be able to manage mobility every day even though, e.g., stamina varies over time. The results from the focus group interviews are guiding the way for the ongoing survey, which is expected to add knowledge about factors in the environment that influence mobility for people with cognitive functional limitations from the perspective of the users. Tendencies to hindering and enabling environment factors using public transport are partly similar to what people with other kinds of impairments as well as older people experience. However in addition, people with cognitive functional limitations seem to have more complex explanations to what preconditions are experienced as barriers and enablers. Especially the use and meaning of information and the role the presence of other people using public transport were discussed in the focus groups. The observations and interviews in the second sub-study point in the same direction. The results of the two sub-studies provide guidance for societal planning of accessible public transport, which is a prerequisite if daily mobility is to be reality for everybody.


ABSTRACT Based on experimental data for the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of 21 polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) congeners, two types of three-dimensional QSAR (3D-QSAR) models —comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) —were established with Sybyl software. This was established to predict the Kow values of 54 additional PCN congeners and carry out a modification of CN-73 to lower its Kow significantly, simultaneously maintaining the stability and insulativity of CN-73. The contour maps of two models showed that the electrostatic field plays a dominating role in the logKow values of PCNs, and the bioconcentration of PCN decreased when -Cl atoms on the 1-, 3-, 4-, 6-, and 7-positions of PCNs were replaced with electropositive groups. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the number of -Cl atoms on PCNs and the average logKow values of PCNs. After modification of CN-73 through the electrostatic contour maps, six types of new modified CN-73 compounds were obtained with logKow values two orders of magnitude lower than that of CN-73. Meanwhile, there was not a significant difference observed between the calculated total energy (representing stability) and energy gap (representing insulativity) of the new modified compounds when compared with those of CN-73.


A method for characterizing the uniformity of a material includes selecting a set of size scales at which to measure uniformity within an area of interest in an image of the material; suppressing features in the image smaller than a selected size scale of interest within the set of size scales; dividing the image into patches equal to the size scale of interest; and calculating a uniformity value within each patch.


Question In healthy men, does the Reynolds Risk Score predict cardiovascular events more accurately than a score based on traditional risk factors only? Methods Design Prospective cohort study to validate a risk score in men. Setting USA. Patients 10724 men 50 to 79 years of age (median age 63 y) from the Physicians Health Study II who were free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Description of prediction guide Reynolds Risk Score, which in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors (age, blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and smoking), includes high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) at < 60 years of age, provides an estimate of 10-year cardiovascular risk. Reynolds Risk Score was evaluated for global fit (Bayes information criterion [BIC], lower values indicate better model fit), discrimination (C-index, larger values indicate better discrimination), calibration (chi-square values < 20 suggest that predicted probabilities adequately reflect actual risk), and reclassification improvement, compared with a model based on traditional risk factors only. Outcome Cardiovascular events (MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death). Main results 1294 first cardiovascular events occurred over a median follow-up of 11 years. In analyses that controlled for traditional risk factors, the hazard ratios were 1.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) for hs-CRP levels 1 to 3 mg/L and 1.4 (CI 1.2 to 1.7) for hs-CRP levels >3 mg/L (compared with hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L), and 1.7 (CI 1.5 to 2.0) for presence of parental history of MI at < 60 years. Reynolds Risk Score had better global fit (BIC 23008 vs 23048, P < 0.001) and discrimination (C-index 0.71 vs 0.70, P < 0.001), but similar calibration (chi-square 13 vs 11) compared with a model based on traditional risk factors. Reynolds Risk Score reclassified 18% of men into higher or lower risk categories with 84% accuracy (20% of those in the 2 middle categories with 100% accuracy) (Table). The net reclassification improvement was 5.3% overall and 14% for men in the 2 middle categories. Conclusion Adding high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and parental history of coronary disease to traditional risk factors improved cardiovascular risk prediction in healthy men. Reynolds Risk Score vs traditional risk score to predict 10-year risk for cardiovascular events in healthy men Traditional risk score categories Reynolds Risk Score categories* Proportion reclassified <5% 5% to <10% 10% to <20% 20% <5% 1592 (2.5%) 204 (7.0%) 11% 5% to <10% 380 (3.0%) 2642 (6.6%) 306 (16%) 21% 10% to <20% 422 (5.8%) 2850 (15%) 284 (21%) 20% 20% 308 (20%) 1736 (29%) 15% *Data are numbers of men in each category (actual 10-y event risks). Cells in italics represent reclassification from the traditional risk score category. Commentary Use of drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease is reasonable only when an individuals risk is high enough to justify the inconvenience, adverse effects, and costs of treatment. Therefore, accurate assessment of risk is fundamental to good clinical management. Traditional risk factors can be used to quantify risk for cardiac events (e.g., Framingham score). Reynolds Risk Score aims to improve risk prediction by adding measures of inflammation (hs-CRP) and genetics (family history). But how can we judge whether this new and improved risk score is really better? 2 statistical measures of a model are its discrimination (separation of high-risk from low-risk persons) and its accuracy (agreement of predicted and observed risk). Reynolds Risk Score improved discrimination but was not any more accurate. However, these purely statistical measures do not assess the value of the revised risk estimates. A new approach is to see how often risk levels are changed enough to alter treatment decisions. Clinical guidelines recommend lipid-lowering drugs for high-risk patients (10-y cardiovascular risk >20%) and optional drug treatment for intermediate-risk patients (10% to 20%). Use of Reynolds Risk Score moved 284 intermediate-risk men up to the high-risk category and 308 high-risk men down to the intermediate-risk category. A similar effect was seen at the 10% risk threshold. The revised risk estimates were accurate, suggesting that treatment selection might be more appropriate in the 18% of patients who crossed a risk threshold. Overall, fewer patients would be recommended for drug treatment. Clinical recommendations are likely to change only for men who are close to a risk threshold; for such men, it may be useful to measure hs-CRP. But for men at very high or low risk on the basis of traditional risk factors, measuring hs-CRP will not change their treatment and is not recommended.


The placental weight‐birthweight relationships were analyzed by race, sex and the survival status of the babies for some 17,000 cases.


Loops are the single largest source of parallelism in many applications. One way to exploit this parallelism is to execute loop iterations in parallel on diierent processors. Previous approaches to loop scheduling attempt to achieve the minimum completion time by distributing the workload as evenly as possible, while minimizing the number of synchronization operations required. In this paper we consider a third dimension to the problem of loop scheduling on shared-memory multiprocessors: communication overhead caused by accesses to non-local data. We show that traditional algorithms for loop scheduling, which ignore the location of data when assigning iterations to processors, incur a signiicant performance penalty on modern shared-memory multiprocessors. We propose a new loop scheduling algorithm that attempts to simultaneously balance the workload, minimize synchronization, and co-locate loop iterations with the necessary data. We compare the performance of this new algorithm to other known algorithms using ve representative kernel programs on a Silicon Graphics multiprocessor workstation, a BBN Butterry, a Sequent Symmetry, and a KSR-1, and show that the new algorithm ooers substantial performance improvements, up to a factor of 4 in some cases. We conclude that loop scheduling algorithms for shared-memory multiprocessors cannot aaord to ignore the location of data, particularly in light of the increasing disparity between processor and memory speeds.


Coronary artery disease is a primary co‐morbidity in metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obesity. One contributing risk factor for coronary artery disease is low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDLc). Several factors influence steady‐state HDLc levels, including diet, genetics and environment. Perhaps more important to coronary artery disease is factors that attribute to the dynamics of reverse cholesterol transport, storage, and excretion of excess cholesterol. HDLc biogenesis, clearance and innate ability to serve as a cholesterol acceptor and transporter all contribute to HDLc's function as a negative regulator of cardiovascular disease. With the recent failure of torcetrapid, focus is being placed on HDLc biology and its role in various metabolic diseases. Low HDLc levels are often associated with an increased state of background inflammation. Recently, several syndromes with clear pro‐inflammatory components have been shown to be inversely correlated with low HDLc levels in the absence of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Early studies with HDLc during the acute‐phase response suggest that HDLc is substantially physically modified during acute infection and sepsis, and recent studies show that HDLc is physically modified by chronic pro‐inflammatory disease. In this review, several of these connections are described and cytokine signalling related to HDLc is examined. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Appropriate evaluation and treatment of fractures of the distal radius, elbow, clavicle, and tibia hinge on the clinician?s recognition of mechanisms and patterns of injury and physical and radiographic findings.


The purpose of the present research is investigating the effects of reciprocal teaching in comprehending expository texts. The research was designed with mixed method. The quantitative dimension of the present research was designed in accordance with pre-test-post-test control group experiment model. The quantitative dimension of the present research was designed in accordance with descriptive case study. The work group of the present research consists of 54 students of a primary school in the Konya province in 2014-2015. Reading Comprehension Evaluation Scale was developed by the researcher and implemented as pre-test and post-test on the work-group. Teacher / students interview forms were used for collecting qualitative data. At the end of 11-week teaching process, expository text comprehension skills of experiment group students, on who reciprocal teaching strategy was implemented, developed more than control group students, on who teaching process projected in the curriculum was implemented, at a statistically significant level.


In a batch process, the input trajectory is usually predefined before the beginning of a batch run through the product design according to the desired output. However, within a batch run, the trajectory tracking up to the current sampling instant may be influenced by process drifts and disturbances, so even the perfect track of remaining trajectory may not achieve the desired product. The projection to latent structure (PLS)-based trajectory adjustment method guarantees the final desired output by keeping the latent variable constant through the online adjustment of the remaining trajectory within a batch run. However, the latent variable extracted by PLS may contain the output-related information as well as the output-irrelevant information, and it is not appropriate to ensure the output by keeping the output-irrelevant information constant. Three contributions are proposed in this work: the condition to obtain the final desired output is analyzed and derived; a novel trajectory adjustment method is prop...


(513)8654020 ABSTRACT Some properties of the tritide phases formed by the intermetallic compounds Kg.Ni, ZrNi, and LaNi, have been studied. Whereas ZrNiT. will retain its stoichiometry indefinitely when sufficient gaseous tritium is available, the stoichiometrics of MgNIT, and LaKi c T. a de 4 5 6.9 crease with time. Although all three interme tallic tritides can retain large quantities of the helium3 tritium decay daughter product in the solid phase, irreversible release of helium begins after several hundred days for ZrNiT and Mg"NiT , However, LaSi_T retains all of the R 2 x 5 x heljutn generated in the solid for at least 2400 days. FMR measurements for ZrNiT and Mg.NiT imply that helium is retained in microscopic bubbles as previously observed in several binary metal


Results of hot-wire measurements in an incompressible partially confined jet issuing from an array of rectangular nozzles, equally spaced with their small dimensions aligned are presented. The quantities measured include mean velocity and the Reynolds stress in the two central planes of the jet at stations covering up to 115 widths (small dimension of a nozzle) downstream of the nozzle exit. For downstream distances greater than 60 widths, the flowfield is observed to be nearly homogeneous and the turbulence appears to be quite similar to that of a grid generated turbulence. Nomenclature AH = aspect ratio, LID D = width (small dimension) of the nozzle L = length (long dimension) of the nozzle L i = spacing between the plates 5 = spacing between the nozzles U = mean velocity component in the X direction Uc = mean velocity component along the centerline of the jet in the X direction U0 =mean velocity component in the exit plane of the jet in the X direction Us = mean velocity component of the secondary flow in the A'direction u = fluctuation velocity component in the X direction Mrms = ViP = rms velocity fluctuations in the X direction u =VwI/£/c (normalized rms velocity fluctuation


Eduardo Weiss, MD, FAAD Cosmetic Fellowship at Hollywood Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Specialists Hollywood, Florida Mohs and Procedural Dermatology Fellowship Skin Institute of South Florida Coral Springs, Florida Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Florida International University Miami, Florida Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami, Florida


Penetration testing is an effective method of making computers secure. When conducting penetration testing, it is necessary to fully understand the various elements in the cyberspace. Prediction of future cyberspace state through perception and understanding of cyberspace can assist defenders in decision-making and action execution. Accurate cyberspace detection information is the key to ensuring successful penetration testing. However, cyberspace situation awareness still faces the following challenges. Due to the limited detection capability, the information obtained from cyberspace detection intelligence is incomplete. There are some errors in the cyberspace detection intelligence, which may mislead the penetration testing workers. The knowledge graph can store and manage the cybersecurity data. In order to ensure the integrity and accuracy of cyberspace information, we design a knowledge graph completion model called CSNT to complete cybersecurity data. CSNT uses the BiLSTM to capture the interaction information between entities and relationships. It models the relationship between entities by combining the neural network and tensor decomposition. The Pearson Mix Net is designed to control the generation of joint vectors. We also design a novel self-distillation strategy to reduce catastrophic forgetting during model training. After learning the relationship pattern between entities in the cyberspace detection intelligence, the model can be used to mine the knowledge not found in the cybersecurity detection intelligence and correct the erroneous records. Experiments show that our method has certain advantages for the knowledge graph completion.


Currently,because of the lack of deep understanding the central political role of general party branch in colleges,there exist obscure responsibility orientation,unclear relationship between the Party and the government,poor operating mechanism,which lead to the weakening of the status and the role of the Part organizations.Under new situation,the effective approaches of the general party branch playing central political role are as follows:to establish and strengthen the joint conference system between the Party and the government,to improve democratic centralism,to consolidate the Party's own ideological construction,to select strong party secretary and serve for the education target.


The present study was taken up to identify the role of key communicators in the dissemination of agricultural information. The study area was Nilayur village of Thiruparankundram block located in Madurai district. A total of 60 respondents were sampled randomly for the study. Sociometric technique was used to identify the role of key communicator. The responses were noted and the identified six key communicators were classified as low, medium and high using the sociogram scores and cumulative percentage. Among the six key communicators, only one key communicator was identified as high levelcommunicator with a cumulative percentage of 100 per cent. Thus, the key communicator should be identified and they can be a handholding support for the extension personnel for dissemination of the technology to reach large farmers.


A method is described for measuring the heat and rate of recrystallization following partial melting. The method uses a specific sequence of temperatures with a differential scanning calorimeter, and the melting and recrystallization processes were confirmed by optical observations. The method was applied to poly(butylene terephthalate). The rate of recrystallization was found to be roughly two orders of magnitude faster than isothermal crystallization from the melt. The melting temperatures obtained from recrystallization were used in the Hoffman–Weeks equation to deduce 236°C as the equilibrium melting temperature for poly(butylene terephthalate). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 133–141, 1998


Waveform inversion met severe challenge in retrieving long‐wavelength background structure. We have proposed to use envelope inversion to recover the large‐scale component of the model. Using the large‐scale background recovered by envelope inversion as new starting model, we can get much better result than the conventional full waveform inversion. By comparing the configurations of the misfit functional between the envelope inversion and the conventional waveform inversion, we show that envelope inversion can greatly reduce the local minimum problem. The combination of envelope inversion and waveform inversion can deliver more faithful and accurate final result with almost no extra computation cost compared to the conventional full waveform inversion. We also tested the noise resistance ability of envelope inversion to Gaussian noise and seismic interference noise. The results showed that envelope inversion is insensitive to Gaussian noise and, to a certain extent, insensitive to seismic interference noise. This indicates the robustness of this method and its potential use for noisy data.


Since 2008, Taiwan's Ministry of Education has sponsored a number of short-term residential educational programs aimed at senior citizens and administered by local colleges and universities. In 2009, the Ministry of Education named a project the Elderhostel Program (notwithstanding the lack of involvement by the United States organization, which owns the English name as a trademark), and commissioned 28 colleges and universities to provide five-day residential educational programs to senior citizens age 55 or over. The present study analyzes the results of the 2009 Elderhostel Program. A total of 560 questionnaires were sent to the 28 schools, each of which randomly selected 20 participants to be respondents. A total of 380 of the questionnaires were returned, and 365 (or 65%) were selected. Three conclusions were drawn from the present study: (a) in general, participants were satisfied with the programs they had attended; (b) most were willing to participate in similar programs in the future; and (c) most report being happier after the programs. Based on these findings, suggestions for the Ministry of Education, colleges and universities, educators, organizers, and policy-makers who work with senior citizens are proposed.