Paul Smail, Azouz Begag, and the Invention of the Beur [Author sup (1)] ... like it or not, all writers are "cultural impersonators." (2) Henry Louis Gates. Jr. The surprise of the 1997 literary season in France was the novel Vivre me tue, written by the now-notorious Paul Smail. A "coming to writing" story of its narrator--also named Paul Smail, Vivre me tue is set in late-1990s Paris, where the 27 year-old aspiring novelist and son of Moroccan immigrants writes his story through flashbacks and tangents, in prose peppered with references to Melville, Shakespeare, Genet, and Rimbaud. Despite his education--Paul holds a master's degree in comparative literature from a Parisian university--he finds himself reduced to delivering pizza by day; by night he works the desk at a Pigalle hotel that rents its rooms by the hour. If the day job is his bread and butter, the night job offers him access to two crucial things: a word processer and, between checking in couples without suitcases, time to write. The hotel desk is as close as Paul comes to "a room of his own," and he uses these moments to reflect on the complex negotiations required of the [Beur sup (3)] generation, and specifically on his own experiences of discrimination and racism, his love life, and the downward spiral of his brother, a gay bodybuilder addicted to steroids. The narrative's resonance with contemporary social issues of inequality and disenfranchisement, coupled with its inventive intertextuality and witty use of language surely accounted, in some measure, for the book's success; sales figures estimated that by October of 1997 it was selling at a rate of 600 copies per day. (4) In addition to the book's literary qualities, social and media factors may also have played a role in its popularity. Although Vivre me tue was billed by its publisher and initially hailed in the press as a novel, the onomastic coincidence of narrator-protagonist and author led a number of critics to read the text as an autobiography, thus endowing the text with a two-fold value: it was not only a good story but also, ostensibly, a true story. Small undoubtedly contributed to this misunderstanding by cloaking his persona in enigma: "Je refuse de communiquer," he wrote in a press release. "Ni photos, ni interviews, ni rien. Ce que j'ai a dire, je l'ecris." (5) Responding in writing to a series of questions faxed to him by a reporter from Le Nouvel Observateur, Smail also fanned the fire by claiming to be in Casablanca (the Moroccan city where the character Paul Smail lands at the end of Vivre me tue), and by responding ambiguously to questions about the generic status of his work ("Oui, il y a beaucoup de ma vie dans Vivre me tue, et, oui, il y a aussi de la fiction" (6)). The media desire for Vivre me tue to be a personal testimonial suggests something beyond an incapacity to separate fact from fiction. With a French first name and a family name of Arabic resonance, Paul Smail had the potential to be a powerful cultural signifier: a living amalgam of France's colonial past and post-colonial present, Smail was no less than the great Beur hope for French letters. While the press quickly made it clear that Small was a pseudonym--the name purportedly having been changed to preserve the author's desire to let his work speak for itself--by late November of 1997, rumors had already begun to circulate amongst the Parisian literati: "Paul Smail" was reported to be a pseudonym for French writer Jack-Alain Leger. (7) In 2001, Le Monde des Livres called Smail's status as a pseudonym no more than a "secret de polichinelle," and in 2003 Jack-Alain Leger revealed, in a book of his own titled On en est la, that he was indeed the author of Vivre me tue (and of 3 other novels published in the intervening years under the Smail pseudonym). (8) The media chatter surrounding this revelation, however, appears to have been rather limited; Leger, as it turned out, was known to have a penchant for heteronyms, and this type of authorial mischief is not unfamiliar to French letters--writer Romain Gary masqueraded for years under the pseudonym Emile Ajar, effectively leading a literary doublelife. …


Computer‐assisted navigated piezoelectric surgery (CANPS) is a surgical technique that combines the surgical navigation with a piezoelectric device. This association multiplies the advantages of both technologies, taking the best of each one providing a synergistic association.


This paper presents a solution for the problem of learning and controlling a 2R-plan robot manipulator in the presence of fixed obstacle. The objective is to move the arm from an initial position (source) to a final position (target) without collision. Potential field methods are rapidly gaining popularity in obstacle avoidance applications for mobile robots and manipulators. The idea of imaginary forces acting on a robot has been suggested by Andrews and Hogen [1983] and Khatib [1985]. Thus, we propose an approach based on potential fields principle, we define the target as an attractive pole (given as a vector directly calculated from the target position) and the obstacle as a repulsive pole (a vector derived by using fuzzy logic techniques). The linguistic rules, the linguistic variables and the membership functions are the parameters to be determined for the fuzzy controller conception. A learning method based on gradient descent for the self tuning of these parameters is introduced. Thus, it is necessary to have an expert person for moving the arm manually. During this operation of teaching, the arm moves and memorizes the data (inputs and outputs). This operation is used to find the controller parameters in order to reach the desired outputs for given inputs.


In this work we present some applications about the use of the so-called Cosmography with GRBs. In particular, we try to calibrate the Amati relation by using the luminosity distance obtained from the cosmographic analysis. Thus, we analyze the possibility of use GRBs as possible estimators for the cosmological parameters, obtaining as preliminary results a good estimate of the cosmological density parameters, just by using a GRB data sample.


In order to protect our societies from damaging impacts of climate change (floods, heat waves, droughts...), the most cost-effective adaptation strategies must be selected among a wide range of options (including structural and non-structural protection measures). The Belgian national project "ADAPT" aims to provide guidance for this choice by developing a decision-support system (DSS) for the selection of protection measures against increased risk resulting from climate change, and more specifically from floods. The DSS is based on a combination of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and multicriteria analysis (MA), taking into consideration hydraulic, economic, social and ecological indicators. For the purpose of demonstrating the relevance and efficiency of the DSS, the approach is applied for two case studies located in the two main Belgian river basins (Meuse and Scheldt). Within this global framework, the present paper covers the description of the hydrodynamic modeling component and the economic analysis, focusing on their interactions and on their integration within the DSS. The paper also details the case study of the Meuse Basin (river Ourthe), for which the hydraulic simulations are conducted by means of the two-dimensional numerical model WOLF 2D, based on a finite volume scheme and entirely developed at the University of Liege. High resolution Digital Surface Models and geographic database are exploited, enabling to represent streets, buildings and parcels individually. Relevant damage functions are validated and refined based on the analysis of four recent major flood events, for which a relationship may established between simulated local water depths (and possibly velocities or flow duration) and actual damage costs. Consequently, the combined hydrodynamic and economic analysis described in the paper may be judged as a valuable tool for assessing the effectiveness of specific flood protection measures.


RADIOGRAPHIC study of the vasa, vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts has been abortively attempted during the past seventeen years. With the exception of the work of Sargent (1), who, in 1929, reported on over two hundred cases in which vesiculography had been done, there is no illuminating study in the literature. This we believe to be due to two factors: (1) The difficulty of so injecting the seminal tract as to procure the essential pictures; (2) the difficulty of securing a proper medium for injection. In 1905, Klotz (2), of New York, first suggested and accomplished injection of the ejaculatory duct via the endoscope. Eight years later, in 1903, we (3) presented a urethroscope using air inflation through which we were enabled to accomplish the same purpose, using a specially constructed silver canula having a shouldered tip. Credit was not given Klotz at this time as we were unaware of his work. In 1913, Belfield (4) published a short article on the subject of vesiculography in which injection was done th...


THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FLOW AND FRACTURE OF BITUMENS WAS INVESTIGATED, AND THE CONDITIONS ARISING DURING THE APPLICATION OF A DENSE ASPHALT MIX AND THE PERFORMANCE IN SERVICE OF VARIOUS ASPHALT SURFACINGS WERE CONSIDERED. METHODS OF MEASURING THESE PROPERTIES ARE DESCRIBED. WITH THE AID OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY METHODS DEVISED FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF BITUMEN PROPERTIES AT SHORT AND LONG TIMES OF LOADING, SUITABLE FOR ALL KINDS OF BINDERS, OR USING RESULTS DEDUCED BY MEANS OF NOMOGRAPHS, IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO DRAFT BITUMEN SPECIFICATIONS COVERING THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN ENGINEERING TERMS, WHICH WILL BE SIGNIFICANT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ROAD PERFORMANCE OVER THE WHOLE RANGE OF CONDITIONS LIKELY TO BE EXPERIENCED IN PRACTICE. /TRRL/


We present in this paper our recent theoretical and experimental work on simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing in nonlinear microscopy.


Hunan province has advantages on some respects, such as natural resources of agriculture, nonferrous metals resources, communication conditions, etc, location terms better than other Midwest hinterland too. The foreign trade of Hunan has obtained greater development since reform and opening-up, but compared with coastal developed province, the foreign trade developed slowly, even there is greater disparity than some provinces in the Midwest. On the basis of analyzing the disparity of foreign trade of Hunan, this paper proposed some suggestions on quickening the development of foreign trade of Hunan.


Cambodia's Curse is a milestone. Although there are dozens of books about the Khmer Rouge, Joel Brinkley's is the first major one to look at present-day Cambodia, which is finally at peace after three decades of civil war (the last of the Khmer Rouge didn't surrender until 1999). The traumas of the recent past—1.7 million dead during the Pol Pot years, the savage American bombing campaign of the late 1960s and early 1970s, and a decade-long Vietnamese occupation—have produced a society that is, in many ways, fundamentally broken. Brinkley's book, despite flaws, is an astute look at the debilitating effects of violence and upheaval on a country still finding its way out of the premodern era.


The Obama administration is in the midst of reassessing the National Space Policy promulgated by the Bush administration in 2006. More than two decades of inherent unilateralism is to be replaced by an attempt at building multilateral coalitions. In this enlightened policy domain, the ''rules of the road'' for using orbital space should not be based on the assumption of a single nation declaring itself the arbiter of space policy. This could be viewed as a positive action, as the 2006 Policy contains statements such as:


Studies show that 1 in 20 patients avoided mechanical ventilation and 1 in 16 patients avoided ARDS; 1 in 29 patients developed hyperglycemia requiring treatment. Read more.


Xishuangbanna cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.var.xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan)is one variation found only in China.Orange flesh of mature fruit was one of the most important characteristics obviously different from common cucumbers.In this study,the nutrition components of Xishuangbanna cucumber germplasm resources were analyzed during maturation.The results showed that the average content of 18 Xishuangbanna cucumbers were as followed:β-carotene 106.58mg/kgDW,lutein 0.48mg/kgDW,Vc 4.96 mg/100g,soluble sugar 1.97%,Ca 173.21mg/kg,Fe 1.28mg/kg,Mg 121.89mg/kg,P 339.67mg/kg,Zn 1.47mg/kg.It was showed that the great difference of β-carotene content existed among 18 Xishuangbanna cucumbers.The variation extent and variation coefficient were 1.34-261.55mg/kgDW and 67.68% and 50.52% respectively.With the longer maturation,the β-carotene and α-carotene content intended to be higher and that of lutein showed the adverse trend.Lycopene could not be detected during maturation.The accumulation of β-carotene induces the orange flesh of Xishuangbanna cucumber.


To solve the problems in adjusting and controlling shapes of developable surfaces,two explicit and efficient methods of computer-aided design for developable surfaces with multiple local shape parameters are proposed.A class of novel quasi-B-spline basis functions with two shape parameters is presented to construct Bspline curves with multiple shape parameters,which is an extension of the classical cubic uniform B-splinc basis functions.Following the idea of duality between points and planes in 3D projective space,the corresponding developable quasi-B-spline surfaces with multiple shape parameters are represented using control planes with quasi-B-spline basis functions.The developable quasi-B-spline surfaces inherit the outstanding properties of the B-spline surfaces,with good performance in adjusting the local shapes by changing the two shape parameters. In the particular case where shape parameters are both equal to 1,the developable quasi-B-spline surface is a developable B-spline surface.In addition,some properties of the developable quasi-B-spline surfaces and applications in developable surfaces design are discussed.Modeling examples illustrate that the developable quasi-B-spline surfaces provide two valuable ways for the design of developable surfaces.


Based on different teaching principles in PE class, many teaching patterns come
into being. Each has its own function and feature. This essay expounds the teaching
pattern in fitness training class in Bohai University. It presentsthe the writer's teaching
experience in this aspect and summarizes the achievements in fitness training class in recent
years.


A three-dimensional PIC simulation of a 35 GHz, 200 kW two cavity gyroklystron amplifier has been performed to study the electron beam and RF wave interaction behavior using a commercial PIC code 'MAGIC'. The electromagnetic field analysis of the RF structure in the absence of the electron beam and beam-wave interaction study in the presence of the electron beam have been carried out for the performance evaluation of the device. Electromagnetic field analysis has been done using the eigenmode solver, which ensures the structure operation in the desired TE01 operating mode at 35 GHz frequency. Electron beam and RF wave interaction simulation confirm that the present gyroklystron meet the required specification in terms of output power and gain. Moreover, the particles phase space behavior along the interaction length has been also demonstrated to realize the energy transfer phenomena. An output power around 200 kW at 34.95 GHz with ~35% efficiency and a bandwidth of 0.29% have been obtained considering no spread in electrons velocity. Our simulated result matches with the experimental values within 8%.


While the tension of COVID-19 is still increasing, patients who recovered from the infection are facing life-threatening consequences such as multiple organ failure due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in different organs. Among all the complications, death caused by respiratory failure is the most common because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infects lung's type II epithelial, mucociliary, and goblet cells that eventually cause pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are responsible for the irreversible lung damage. Risk factors, such as age, comorbidities, diet, and lifestyle, are associated with disease severity. This paper reviews the potential of three-dimensional bioprinting in printing an efficient organ for replacement by evaluating the patient's condition.


The microstructure of pearlite spheroidized 20g steel during tensile deformation was investigated with field metalloscope.SEM images of the specimen were taken after deformation.The results show that during tensile deformation,pearlite spheroidized 20g steel got deformed in some of its grains.It causes a large amount of glide bands,and piles-up at the grain boundary.Some of other grains start to deform,which form favorable orientation in order to complete further deformation.During tensile deformation,microcracks generate at the pearlite on the edge of the specimen.Microscopic voids generated at the ferrite and pearlite grain boundary inside the specimen,then extend and connect to microcracks,it shows as transcrystalline and intercrystalline fracture.


This is a review of recent research by Japanese scholars on mortality and morbidity in the context of research on these topics being carried out elsewhere in the world.


DNG-DPS stack band dispersion is scrutinized by coupling analysis of its competing building-blocks, slab and gap, identifying three distinct band types. Zero effective-index spectral-line can form, allowing light-trapping as group velocity vanishes.


and the ventral occipital–temporal areas (VOTAs; Pugh et al., 2000a). This study will focus on the IFAs and its connection to these other two brain areas. The IFA has been reported to have abnormal activation in DRs as compared to TRs in several studies. However, differences in IFA activation between DRs and TRs during phonological word decoding tasks are not consistent across studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported over-activation of the left IFA (Hoeft et al. in DRs as compare to TRs during phonological word decoding tasks. Other fMRI studies have found underactivation of the IFA in DRs as compared to TRs during phonological word decoding tasks (Aylward et al., 2003; Cao et al., 2006). In fact, two meta-analyses introduction Developmental dyslexia is the most common learning disorder worldwide, affecting both children and adults with a prevalence ranging up to 17.5% (Shaywitz, 1998). Dyslexia is a lifelong disorder with a wide variability in prognosis regardless of the quality of remediation. Reading disability may be represented on a continuum of severity with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors interacting to result in the phenotype known as dys-lexia (Pennington and Lefly, 2001; Snowling, 2008). Individuals with developmental dyslexia have atypical patterns of cortical folding and migrational anomalies, both of which are consistent with a prenatal origin of dyslexia (Galaburda et al. et al., 2010a). Many neuroimaging studies have compared patterns of functional activation between dyslexic readers (DRs) and typical readers (TRs). Three regions of the brain that are often atypically activated in DRs as compared to TRs, include the inferior frontal areas (IFAs), the temporoparietal areas (TPAs) Greater pre-stimulus effective connectivity from the left inferior frontal area to other areas is associated with better phonological decoding in dyslexic readers Functional neuroimaging studies suggest that neural networks that subserve reading are organized differently in dyslexic readers (DRs) and typical readers (TRs), yet the hierarchical structure of these networks has not been well studied. We used Granger causality to examine the effective connectivity of the preparatory network that occurs prior to viewing a non-word stimulus that requires phonological decoding in 7 DRs and 10 TRs who were young adults. The neuromagnetic activity that occurred 500 ms prior to each rhyme trial was analyzed from sensors overlying the left and right inferior frontal areas (IFA), temporoparietal areas, and ventral occipital–temporal areas within the low, medium, and high beta and gamma sub-bands. A …


The invention discloses a kite and balloon air pollutant detection device belonging to the technical field of detection equipment. The kite and balloon air pollutant detection device consists of a kite line wheel, micro air pollutant monitoring devices, a kite line, a detector fixing ring, a kite cloth surface, kite supporting rods, a kite tail, a kite line fixing hole, a balloon, a kite and balloon connector, a kite tail line, kite tail feathers, a wireless receiver and a computer, and is characterized in that the kite balloon is a joint name of the kite and the balloon; the kite is the known kite; the balloon is full of light-weight gas; and the kite can perpendicularly stand in the air above a set sample point as far as possible. The kite line wheel is used for coiling the kite line; and during use, by the known kite flying mode, the kite and balloon air pollutant detection device flies in the air and carries a plurality of micro air pollutant monitoring devices suspended on the detector fixing ring to different heights in the air to monitor the air quality in a city. The kite and balloon air pollutant detection device is easy to manufacture, high in operability, low in cost ad obvious in effect.


This study aimed to determine the influence of autoantibodies, polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes on age at chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) onset and symptoms. Eighty‐one CFS patients were enrolled, and clinical data were recorded. Autoantibodies to different components of the central nervous system were tested. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene (l/s) and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin receptor‐2A gene (A/G) as well as HLA class II alleles were determined. Multivariate logistic‐regression analyses were carried out. The mean age at CFS onset ± SD was 33.5 ± 12.5 years. An age at CFS onset (ACFSO) during the third decade of life was associated with the serotonin receptor AA genotype and the HLA‐DRB1*03 allele. An ACFSO during the fourth decade of life was associated with the HLA‐DRB1*07 allele, whereas an ACFSO ≥ 43 years was associated with having at least one copy of the serotonin G allele. Concerning CFS symptoms, the serotonin AG genotype was protective against depressive symptoms. Although having at least one copy of the serotonin A allele and being female were associated with risk for arthralgia, the presence of antineuronal cell antibodies was protective against this. Episodes of unexplained fever were associated with the HLA‐DRB1*11 allele. None of the genetic or serological features was associated with myalgia. None of the antibodies determined correlated with any ACFSO or other symptoms. Our results reveal that in CFS, like other autoimmune diseases, different genetic features are related to age at CFS onset and symptoms.


Here we analysed rare and acute complications of endometriosis in pregnant women by searching Cochrane, HINARY, and PubMed databases. Keywords were "rare", "causes", "acute", "complications", "endometriosis", and "pregnancy". The search depth was 10 years (2011−2021). In total, we found 126 publications, 41 of which met the selection criteria. The course of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with endometriosis is insufficiently studied. Yet, it is characterised by a higher risk of complications including those rarely occurring: haemoperitoneum, intestinal perforation, appendicitis, torsion and rupture of the endometrioid cyst, and thoracic endometriosis. Because of major hormonal changes occurring during the pregnancy, endometriosis undergoes a significant progression or decidualisation. As endometrioid tissue is characterised by a resistance to progesterone, its defciency during the pregnancy can lead to necrosis, perforation of decidualised foci, and severe bleeding. Progesterone deficiency provokes hypervascularisation of the endometrioid tissue, which is the most common cause of spontaneous haemoperitoneum and most frequently occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy and after in vitro fertilisation. Pregnancy increases the risk of endometriosis-related intestinal perforation of different localisation: small intestine, caecum, appendix, and rectosigmoid colon. Limited information about the pregnancy-related complications of endometriosis leads to their underestimation, albeit they can be life-threatening and significantly impact the health of the mother and fetus. The results of this review indicate the need for the further studies of the pregnancy course in patients with endometriosis, especially after the use of assisted reproductive technology. Development of specific clinical guidelines would contribute to the efficient prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications in patients with endometriosis.


Objective To investigate the influence of aerosol bioelectricity on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and β_1 integrin in wound healing of burned rats. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were inflicted to TBSAⅡ burn by scalding. Rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=20)and control group(n=20). The experimental group was treated with aerosol bioelectricity. Wound samples were collected in 1-10 d after scalding. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods were conducted to examine the expressions of EGF and β_1 integrin in both experimental and control groups. Results The average wound healing time of experimental group were (7±1.15) d, whereas (9±1.34) d in control group. The expression of EGF and β_1 integrin in experimental group were detected in skin basal cells and hair follicle cells 2 d after scalding, increased evidently in 5 d and sustained at high expression level up to 9 d after treatment. In contrast, the expressions of EGF and β_1 integrin were initially observed in control group in day 3 and sustained a rather high level in day 7 after scalding. The expressions of EGF and β_1 integrin was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group(P0.01). Conclusion Aerosol bioelectricity can indicate active cells proliferation through up-regulating the expressions of EGF and β_1 integrin in skin basal cells and hair follicle cells, thus can accelerate burned wound healing.


A monotone version of an empirical Bayes estimator for the parameter of the Borel-Tanner distribution is constructed. Some properties of the estimator's regret risk are illustrated through simulations.


Proper nouns can not only denotes things,but also have special rhetoric value.This article dis- cusses the main figures of speech of proper nouns.


Linux supports transparent huge page since 2.6.38. It can automatically map huge pages. But this implementation fails to adjust to page alignment in memory allocation and thus cannot use huge page in some situations. The design is not efficient. Our work aims to increase huge page allocation, so as to improve the utilization ratio of huge page and overall performance. The experimental results show that the optimization almost reaches the upper bound of huge page utilization. This software approach delivers a notable performance improvement for a few benchmarks with moderate overhead in physical memory consumption.


This thesis theorises the emergence and subsequent proliferation of anti production amongst the popular music-producing elite. The characteristics of anti production are considered to be the use of technological precursors to current systems, in conjunction with unorthodox production techniques. Both elements are clearly present and recognisable during the popular music recording process. It is argued that anti production as an identifiable methodology emerged during the technological acceleration of the 1980s. Changes in recording and production technology in the years leading to the 1980s are set out in the introduction in order to ascertain the extent of the proceeding acceleration. Chapter 1 sets out a technological backdrop, exploring the development of new audio and music technologies in the 1980s, as well as the resulting impact on the recording and production workplace. This chapter also analyses the responses of audio and music industry organisations, as well as the role of the music technology press. The historical and sociological context of the record producer is acknowledged in Chapter 2, including a critical discussion of theories such as `the producer as auteur'. Also noted are wider cultural and theoretical subjects of technological determinism, pessimism and utopianism, alongside the `democratisation of technology' and an argument for the existence of a popular music-producing elite. A critical analysis of contemporary recordists' attitudes towards technology is featured in Chapter 3, revealing a wide range of complex standpoints. Finally, an analytical model for the study of recordings as productions is presented. Twelve key aural analyses of popular music recordings including examples of traditionalist, technology-driven and anti production from the late 1980s, the late 1990s and the late 2000s are presented in Chapter 4. These examples highlight anti production as having proliferated, and also as being a sonically discernible production technique.


In the indonesian people's society, there is a habit to add camphor into their vehicle' fuel tank, mixed with gasoline fuel, according to the driver's experience, it gives an improvement to engine performance, but this is only a popular belief without any scientific explanation proving it. The study includes measurement on the a test bend of toyota kujang 5k engine, by using three kinds of fuel, which were ordinary premium gasoline, gasoline that was mixed with 5 g/L camphor as an alternative, and premium gasoline that was mixed with 10 g/L camphor. The test result shows that using 5 g/L camphor gives an improvement about 3,22% for engine torque, 3,21 % for engine power, and 0,48 % for brake specific fuel comsumption. The 10 g/L camphor will decrease the engine torque by about 3,68 % and 3,7 % for the engine power, for the brake specific fuel consumption this will increase by about 7,64 %. The final result was that, using camphor as an additive alternative for gasoline fuel doesn't give any remarkable improvement (below 5 %) for engine permformance. So there is no need to use camphor as an additive alternative gasoline fuel.


A House of Commons committee has said that elderly people should routinely be given advice on state financial benefits when they visit their GP.

The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, which monitors public spending, made the proposal in its report on improving public services for elderly people, published last week.

The recommendations follow a report last year from the National Audit Office, Developing Effective Services for Older People , which called for more coherent strategies across government on elderly people and for each government department to appoint a champion for elderly people, not just the NHS ( BMJ 2003;326:680).

The committee's report acknowledges the positive impact of the national service framework for elderly people, introduced in the NHS in 2001.

But it says that other parts of government pay less attention to elderly people. The work of the Cabinet committee for older people, which is meant to draw together initiatives …


This paper describes various permanent magnet machines using Halbach cylinders (arrays), from using pre-magnetised anisotropic magnet segments having varying magnetisation orientations, to those moulded as bonded isotropic or anisotropic NdFeB ring magnets, which are subsequently impulse magnetised using a magnetisation fixture which produces a sinusoidal MMF distribution. Three possible magnetisation fixture designs are described. Various Halbach cylinder machine topologies are then reviewed, including radial and axial field, slotted and slotless, rotary and linear (tubular and planar) permanent magnet machines with and without rotor and/or stator back-irons. The paper also reviews their typical applications, ranging from integrated motor and generator in flywheel applications, linear motors with ultra high acceleration, ultra high speed motors, multi-axis rollers, high performance servo drives, to passive magnetic bearings and magnet powder alignment system.


Control to load sway during operation of overhead traveling crane is a key problem and many studies have been done to solve the problem.Due to the uncertainness of the crane mathematic model,it is difficult for conventional PID controller to adjust the parameters online and the load swing cannot be controlled effectively.In response to it,a new control system based on single neuron controllers is developed,which uses two single neuron controllers to control load swing and trolley speed.Computer simulation results show that single neuron controller has better adaptability and robustness than PID controller for different rope lengths and load masses.


Ocean transportation of LNG started in 1959 and as of 1978, 3278 voyages have been completed. Summaries of voyages, LNG-carriers, deliveries and tank systems are given. Principal characteristics of LNG-carriers are noted. Brief descriptions of LNG-terminals complete this paper. Order from NSFI as No. 17849.


Objective To study diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC)of superficial masses. Methods FNAC was performed in 387 cases with Youyi aspirators. Results Of the 387 cases examined,cytological diagnoses were tuberculosis(91 cases),suspected tuberculosis(38 cases),malignant tumor(29 cases),suspected malignant tumor(6 cases)and other diseases(223)cases. Conclusions FNAC is one of the efficient methods of pathological diagnosis for superficial masses.


In garment design, the goal is to arrange the lines, forms, and ease allowances around the body in a way that satisfies both the person who wears the garment and the one who watches it. The success is measured by using the concept of fit. Appraisal of fit emphasises the realisation of lines, forms, and ease allowances in accordance with the design, the functionality of ease allowances, and the fulfilment of the user's personal preferences of style and ease. (For the discussion of fit, see DeLong, Ashdown, Butterfield, and Turnbladh, 1993; Ashdown and O'Connel, 2006).


Young adult use of the Web both for creating and reviewing content continues to grow and the Internet has become an important tool for teenagers seeking health information (Borzekowski & Rickert 2001, Gray et al 2005; Rideout 2001; Richardson 2002; Vargas 2005). More than 70 percent of 15 to 17 year olds say they have used the Internet to look up health information (Rideout 2001, Richardson et al 2002). In fact, the Kaiser Family Foundation study reported in "Generation Rx.com" found that more youth had looked for health information than had engaged in various Web 2.0 behaviors as purchasing something online or using a chat room (Rideout 2001). Researchers cite availability, anonymity, and affordability as the key reasons teenagers turn to the web for answers to their health-related questions (Barak & Fisher 2001; Gray et al 2005).

While the Internet provides teenagers with access to a wealth of health-related resources, it also presents challenges that can negatively impact the ability of adolescents to access quality information online. Difficulty conducting searches, judging the credibility of the information retrieved, and accessing sites due to filtering software are just a few of the barriers teenagers face (Gray et al 2002; Gray et al 2005; Richardson et al 2002). Like many Web users, teenagers also express concerns about privacy and confidentiality, especially in chat rooms or email correspondences (Vargas 2005).

Given the issues teens face when searching for health information online, it seems natural that public libraries take the lead in providing assistance to teenagers who need help finding health information. Libraries, particularly public libraries, have a long history of providing consumer heath information to adults in their communities, and this service has transitioned online as libraries provide Internet access to electronic consumer health information (Smith 2006). In addition, many public libraries have developed websites specifically for teenagers. As more teens look for personalized information or the ability to 'create' their own content, these library web pages often serve as centers for reference, educational support, popular materials, community information, and library programming (Hughes-Hassell & Miller 2003; Jones 1997). Including links to useful websites would alleviate some of the frustration teenagers face when searching for quality health information on the Internet and allow them to make their own informed decisions (Vargas 2005). But how common is it for these web pages to provide consumer health information for teenagers?


As pollution problems become increasingly prominent nowadays, urban air quality monitoring has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, sensing systems based on low-cost sensors are proposed to achieve fine-grained monitoring with larger amount of deployment as supplyment to conventional monitoring stations. Calibration is critical to guarantee the accuracy and consistency of these sensing systems to fight against sensor drift. While conventional field calibration approaches often rely on real-time data from a nearby standard station, they are not applicable to low-cost sensors which cannot receive the latest reference data from nearby stations after deployment. In reality, it is very difficult for sensors to get access to nearby standard stations deployed sparsely. To reduce the dependency on real-time and nearby reference data, we present a Robust Calibration approach based on Historical data (RCH) for the low-cost air pollution sensor calibration. Our method corrects the sensor drift by adapting sensitivity and offset based on estimating the probability distribution of pollutant's concentration. Experiments with real-world NO2 data in Foshan, China show that our proposed method acheives close performance to conventional field calibration methods but addresses above challenges. Moreover, our method can use historical data collected from the sensors in more distant geographic locations than the compared method.


In developing countries, although money is becoming digital in the form of mobile money, it is not easily used by millions of illiterate users in their everyday transactions. Digitization of material money thus poses a challenge to many users. Existing mobile money systems and platforms represent money in terms of simple numbers, like 13, 50, 0.78, 23.64, 80 etc. This way of money representation is almost unusable by illiterate users, unless they depend on others' help. The literature has overlooked the different metadata inscribed on material money (like icons or images, color, security means, and serial numbers etc). However, these metadata enable illiterate users to identify different currency notes. The material properties of money bills also enable illiterates do simple maths like addition, subtraction, division, and counting. However, current mobile money solutions have not considered money bill's metadata. Such absence of metadata made money bill identification and transactions difficult for illiterates. The work described in this paper uses the theory of digital objects and theory of non-material technological objects and presents a theoretical presentation for the structure of digital money, to be used in digital ecosystem.


Accessing hindered amines, particularly primary amines α to a fully substituted carbon center, is synthetically challenging. We report an electrochemical method to access such hindered amines starting from benchtop-stable iminium salts and cyanoheteroarenes. A wide variety of substituted heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, azaindole) can be utilized in the cross-coupling reaction, including those substituted with a halide, trifluoromethyl, ester, amide, or ether group, a heterocycle, or an unprotected alcohol or alkyne. Mechanistic insight based on DFT data, as well as cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism is operational as part of a hetero-biradical cross-coupling of α-amino radicals and radicals derived from cyanoheteroarenes.


The experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of Gmelina arborea tree parts powder on the management of stored insect pest of cowpea and their effects on nutritional quality of the cowpea, carried out at Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Pest Management Technology Laboratory, Niger state, Nigeria, during 2012 season. The trial of four treatments with three replicates was directly applied on cowpea seeds. The treatment included bark of G. arborea tree part powder 20g on 200g of cowpea seed; root of G. arborea tree part powder 20g on 200g of cowpea seed; leaf of G. arborea tree part powder 20g on 200g of cowpea seed; stem of G. arborea tree part powder 20g on 200g of cowpea). The result showed  insects mortality were significantly different at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after storage, and no significant difference in live insects at 15, 30 and, 60 days after storage but  significantly different in the live insects after 45, 75,and 90 days of Storage. However, no significant difference in weight lost of cowpea after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days of storage all at 5% probability. The bark of G. arborea tree part powder was the most effective throughout the three months of the cowpea storage, followed by the root then the leaf, and lastly the stem. They generally reduce the number of emerging adults significantly,-and also increase the mortality rate of Callosobruchus maculatus at different level depending on the part of Gmelina used. For crude protein preservation of cowpea grains, Gmelina root powder and Gmelina bark powder give promising result.


With the increase of output power and beam quality of fiber laser,the applications of high power fiber laser continue to expand.The beam combining technology is an effective way for increasing the output power of fiber laser.The theories of non-coherent beam combination and coherent beam combination are analyzed,and the numerical simulation is done.The new progress of coherent beam combination is summarized,which offers the reference to the coherent beam combination of fiber laser.


We discus here the prehistoric settlement of the central-south Brazilian coast, and, more specifically, 1 old radiocarbon date obtained for a costal shellmound, as well as its implications concerning the chronology attributed to the settlement process. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique was used to determine the 14C age of charcoal from a shellmound on the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro. The resulting age was 7860 ± 80 BP, an unexpected result that reinforces 2 similar previously obtained dates for the same region. Brazilian archaeologists, however, have questioned those 2 dates, because they would predate by some 2000 yr the antiquity consensually accepted for the settlement of the central-south Brazilian littoral.


This series of 110 patients represents a fairly unusual collection of patients from several considerations. They are largely patients in whom previous forms of therapy have not been effective and who have not developed spontaneous remission. It was our feeling that any improvement gained through electronarcosis therapy represented a hitherto unrealized salvage of mental health and probably a preventive of many patient-days of chronic illness. Although this is a small series that will not bear statistical analysis adequately, we feel that the results justify, and in some cases require, the use of electronarcosis treatment in the mechanical treatment of psychiatrically ill people. From our data we believe that patients with anxiety neuroses of 18 months' duration, under 30 years of age, who have not responded to other forms of treatment, should receive electronarcosis. Neurotic depressions and mixed psychoneuroses are also considered good candidates for electronarcosis. Although many physicians are turning ...


A software framework is a reusable design that requires various software components to function almost out of the box. To specify a framework, the creator must specify the different components that form the framework and how to instantiate them. Also, the communication interfaces between these various components must be defined. In this article, the authors propose such a framework based on the internet of things (IoT) for developing applications for handling emergencies of some kind. This article demonstrates the usage of the framework by explaining various applications such as tracking the status of autistic students, analytics on medical records to detect and mitigate chronic heart diseases in the Indian demographic, prediction of Parkinson's disease, determining the type of disease that corresponds to the dermatology field, and health monitoring and management using internet of things (IoT) sensing.


The aim of this paper is to study cholinesterases in chloroplasts and leaves of various plant species in order to understand their distribution and possible role in photosynthetic organelles


This report presents the results of a reconnaissance study to test the hypothesis that in a geologically homogeneous region, such as the northern California Coast Ranges, the optimum discharges for king salmon spawning are related to some characteristic discharge of the streams and to an index of their channel geometry. For the purpose of this study, optimum discharge is defined as the minimum discharge that will give the maximum spawning area. Verification of the existence of a significant correlation between optimum discharge and hydrologic characteristics that are readily determined would provide a means of estimating optimum discharge at a fraction of the cost in time and money now spent for that purpose. A short spawning reach was selected for study on each of nine streams in the Eel and Mad River basins of northern California. Optimum discharge was determined at each reach by field observations made in accordance with criteria and methods developed by the California Department of Fish and Game and by other conservation agencies. These optimum discharges (Q0) were then correlated with mean discharge (Qm) and ratio of stream width to drainage area (^ ) The computed regression equation is 00 =0.89(0m) 1 09 ( -=V'44 . The multiple \ d, o/ correlation coefficient, 0.912, is highly significant from a statistical standpoint. This study was of an exploratory nature; the general applicability of its methodology should be tested further.


Purpose: To evaluate the change in macular function after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion. Methods: For this interventional case series, 20 eyes of 20 patients with macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion were treated with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Microperimetry in the macular area was performed with a Micro Perimeter 1 before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Results: Improvement in macular function was detected immediately after treatment and lasted for at least 6 months. As measured by the Micro Perimeter 1, mean retinal sensitivities within the central 10° field (4.9 ± 2.7 dB at baseline) improved to 7.2 ± 3.1 dB at 1 month, to 7.6 ± 3.4 dB at 3 months, and to 7.7 ± 3.9 dB at 6 months (P < 0.001). Of the 20 eyes, a recurrence of macular edema was observed in 14 (70%), but with the use of optical coherence tomography, integrity of the outer aspect of the foveal photoreceptors was detected at 3 months to 6 months in 15 (75%) eyes. Conclusion: In eyes with macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, improvement in macular function was detected immediately after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and lasted for at least 6 months.


Results of experimental investigation of amplitude interference-fading and angular fluctuation of a point source near a sea surface are discussed. The analysis enables one to come to the conclusion that on sliding propagation along the line-of-sight sea path, even in the case of a strongly rough surface, there is a rather high probability of existence of the limited number of quasi-mirror reflections. In this paper the main results of experimental investigation of statistical characteristics of amplitude and arrival angle fluctuation of detecting and direct 3 mm-band signals are reported, related to the case of over sea propagation with sliding angles from 1 to 10 mrad (distances from 300 m to 5000 m).


Over three quarters in 2010–2011, Kepler monitored optical emission from four active galactic nuclei (AGN) with ∼30 min sampling, > 90% duty cycle and 0.1% repeatability. These data determined the AGN optical fluctuation power spectral density functions (PSDs) over a wide range in temporal frequency. Fits to these PSDs yielded power law slopes of −2.6 to −3.3, much steeper than typically seen in the X-rays. We find evidence that individual AGN exhibit intrinsically different PSD slopes. The steep PSD fits are a challenge to recent AGN variability models but seem consistent with first order MRI theoretical calculations of accretion disk fluctuations. Subject headings: Accretion, accretion disks — Black hole physics — Galaxies: active — Galaxies: Seyfert


The respirators used by patients with positive acid-fast bacilli are heavily contaminated and should be disinfected strictly. In order to observe the efficacy of the disinfection method used at present, efficacy in on-the-spot actual use was examined. Results: Immersion in germicidal detergent solution containing available chlorine 2000 mg/L for 2 h was used to disinfect 40 batch-times of tubes and accessories of respirators used by 14 patients with positive acid-fast bailli. The results were complete negative conversion of acid-fast bacilli. Conclusion: Immersion disinfection with chlorine-containing germicidal detergent was effective for disinfection of respirators used by the patients with positive acid-fast bacilli.


This paper summarized current researches on Internet psychological counseling.It analyzed Internet psychological counseling with respect to its definition,types of service,characteristics,theories that are applicable and techniques,and related ethical issues.Future research directions are suggcsted with reference to an overview,conclusion and cross-reference of these five aspects.


Abstract It is suggested to diagonalize the Hamilton operator of a two-or more center shell model in terms of oscillator functions concentrated around the individual centers. The method is applied to the case of a two center oscillator with finite depth.


I agree totally with Doug Culmer when he points to poor standards of patient care (letters November 29). But I do not share his view that nurses do not deserve a pay rise.


The ovicidal action of fenoxycarb was tested on eggs of 2 different ages of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. Embryonic eggs treated within 24 h of oviposition were most sensitive to fenoxycarb. Immersion of eggs in a "field dose" solution (0.075 mg/ml) resulted in an embryo mortality of greater than 50% and a concentration of 0.15 mg/ml resulted in a mortality of greater than 80%. A 20-min prolonged immersion at the field dose solution resulted in nearly 100% mortality. Treatment of eggs resulted in hatching larvae that had anomalous mortality. Larvae that hatched from treated eggs had abnormal pupation and metamorphosis. In conclusion, the non-neurotoxic carbamate fenoxycarb, a selective insect growth regulator, was toxic at a low dose to C. carnea, a relevant pest predator.


Current assessment methods of penile cavernous fibrosis in animal models have limitations due to the inability to provide complex and volume analysis of fibrotic alterations.


This study looked at the constrains affecting competitiveness on emerging citrus household farmers using primary data collected from a convenience sample of 150 emerging farming households in Nelspruit and Onderberg citrus administration regions of Ehlanzeni District Municipality of South Africa. The results showed that tertiary education and farming models influenced farming households to produce good quality citrus fruit and access both export and local fruit markets. In addition, study results indicated that other household socioeconomic constraints such as gender, age, training, business plan, water, input costs, barriers to engaging in farming on a commercial level, food safety, and good agricultural practice standards, and lack of title deed had a negative influence on the competitiveness of emerging household farmers in the study area. Policies that encourage a regular visit to farmers to follow up on the compliance of food safety and good agricultural practice standards by CGA advisors and agricultural extensionists are recommended for increased compliance.


This paper summarises the work of the Joint Uzbek-Italian Archaeological Mission in Kojtepa in the district of Pastargom, Samarkand. The project is based on a collaboration between the Università di Napoli "L'Orientale", Napoli (UNO) and the Institute of Archaeology Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Samarkand (IAASU). The project began in 2008–2009, and after several excavations is on-going. Preliminary results have confirmed that the site – which consists of an almost conical central tepe surrounded by a quadrangular wall and beyond that an outer channel originally filled with water – is characterised by a form of agricultural settlement that played a role in controlling the near northern area frequently visited by pastoral nomads on the Karatyube piedmont chain. For the moment, the time span covered stretches from the late Hellenistic era to the Kushan period and beyond!


Standard samples with programed defects, designed to evaluate pattern inspection tools that use electron beams, were fabricated on 12-in. Si wafer. By using a structure with a conductive pattern on an insulator layer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images with various pattern contrasts, depending on the charging effect, were obtained under different observation conditions. The impact of captured-image contrast on defect detection capability was examined using different types of inspection algorithm. It was found that the accuracy of critical dimension measurement, effectiveness of the charge suppression technique, and defect detection capability of the SEM tool, and its robustness could all be evaluated using this standard sample with a particular stacked structure.Standard samples with programed defects, designed to evaluate pattern inspection tools that use electron beams, were fabricated on 12-in. Si wafer. By using a structure with a conductive pattern on an insulator layer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images with various pattern contrasts, depending on the charging effect, were obtained under different observation conditions. The impact of captured-image contrast on defect detection capability was examined using different types of inspection algorithm. It was found that the accuracy of critical dimension measurement, effectiveness of the charge suppression technique, and defect detection capability of the SEM tool, and its robustness could all be evaluated using this standard sample with a particular stacked structure.


Studies were made for the plane wave propagating past over a periodic array of parallel strips and past over a finite number of parallel strips, using a wire grid model. The comparison of the field distribution between the screens has been made and it was discovered that they are quite close to each other, which suggests we can use solutions for periodic arrays to approximate the solutions in finite arrays. When the number of strips are large, the finite and periodic models produce virtually the same result for field points in between buildings.


In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in languages and systems for large scale distributed computing. Unfortunately, most systems available to the end user use a custom description language tightly coupled to a specific runtime implementation, making it difficult to transfer applications between systems. To address this problem we introduce Makeflow, a simple system for expressing and running a data-intensive workflow across multiple execution engines without requiring changes to the application or workflow description. Makeflow allows any user familiar with basic Unix Make syntax to generate a workflow and run it on one of many supported execution systems. Furthermore, in order to assess the performance characteristics of the various execution engines available to users and assist them in selecting one for use we introduce Workbench, a suite of benchmarks designed for analyzing common workflow patterns. We evaluate Workbench on two physical architectures -- the first a storage cluster with local disks and a slower network and the second a high performance computing cluster with a central parallel filesystem and fast network -- using a variety of execution engines. We conclude by demonstrating three applications that use Makeflow to execute data intensive applications consisting of thousands of jobs.


Intracellular arylsulfatases from Klebsiella aerogenes W 70 cells grown in methionine medium (M enzyme) and inorganic sulfate medium containing tyramine (T enzyme) were purified respectively by fractionation with (NH4)2SO4, followed by successive chromatographies on DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE Sephadex A-25. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the two enzymes gave single bands with the same mobilities. Molecular weights of both, determined by SDS gel electrophoresis and by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, were 47, 000 and 45, 000, respectively. Their activities were maximal at pH 7.5. The affinities of the enzymes (M and T enzymes) for their substrate (Km) and the maximum velocity of hydrolysis (Vmax) were enhanced by addition of electron withdrawing substituents. The enzymes were inhibited by inorganic phosphate, cyanide, hydroxylamine and tyramine. The inhibition by tyramine was competitive (Ki=1.0×10-4 M). These results show that the two enzymes were identical. This was confirmed by the fact that mutant strains, which were unable to synthesize arylsulfatase when grown with methionine, could also not synthesize the enzyme when grown with tyramine.


Chelating ion-exchange resins were synthesized by polycondensation of ortho/para hydroxybenzoic acid with resorcinol/catechol employing formal- dehyde as cross-linking agent at 80±5 °C in DMF. The resins were charac- terized by FTIR and XRD. The uptake behaviour of synthesized resins for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions have been studied depending on contact time, pH, metal ion concentration and temperature. The sorption data obtained at optimized conditions were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Experi- mental data of all metal-resin system were best represented by the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum obtained sorption capacity for cadmium was 69.53 mg g -1 and 169.32 mg g -1 for lead. The adsorption process follows first order kinetics and the specific rate constant Kr was obtained by the application of the Lager- gan equation. Thermodynamic parameters ∆G ads , ∆S ads and ∆H ads were calcu- lated for the metal-resin systems. The external diffusion rate constant (Ks) and the intra-particle diffusion rate constant (Kid) were calculated by the Spahn- -Schlunder and Weber-Morris models, respectively. The sorption process was found to follow an intra-particle diffusion phenomenon.


It is an honour to be invited to contribute to an appreciation of Jean NICOD, the renowned karstologist, respected colleague and long-standing friend. We two first met him when we joined the world of international karst studies and its many enthusiasts at a field symposium of the 1964 International Geographical Congress in London. Organised by our PhD supervisor, Marjorie SWEETING, it took place amidst the glaciated limestone benches, karren fields, dolines and caves of the Yorkshire Dales i...


BACKGROUND
Some researchers have suggested that HIV infections can increase the cytokines, which might interfere with the bone metabolism and increase the risk of bone mass loss. However, this issue has yet to be consolidated in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze studies that evaluated the loss of bone mass through DEXA in women living with HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were consulted from January 1987 to March 2017. Studies assessing bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women living with HIV were included. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral on BMD.

RESULTS
Sixty percent of the manuscripts suggested that women living with HIV had more bone loss than women in the control group, mainly in the lumbar spine. Forty percent did not observe any difference between groups. One study reported the influence of antiretroviral drugs on bone mass but did not find any difference between groups.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that HIV infections may have a negative influence on bone mass loss in women. Further studies on the mechanism of this HIV consequence are necessary to clarify the connection as well as the impact of the antiretroviral action on BMD in postmenopausal women.


remittances and the return of migrants with new skills can offset the loss of migrants and may even lead to a brain-gain. Metka Hercog and Melissa Siegel discuss policy approaches designed to stimulate the return of highly skilled migrants. They debunk the myth that restrictive measures, such as limiting options for longer migration from developing countries, are an effective tool to avert brain drain and encourage migrants' return or other engagement in development activities in the country of origin. Instead, the authors illustrate the effectiveness of incentive measures and in particular the opening of possibilities for longer and productive stays for tying skilled migration with development goals. The article discusses policy approaches designed to stimulate the return of highly skilled migrants. It debunks the myth that restrictive measures, such as limiting options for longer migration from developing countries, are an effective tool to avert brain drain and encourage migrants' return or other engagement in development activities in the country of origin. Instead, the authors illustrate the effectiveness of incentive measures and in particular the opening of possibilities for longer and productive stays for tying skilled migration with development goals.


Objective To explore the enhanced role of ultrasound on supercritical fluid extraction.Methods With stability parameters of supercritical fluid extraction of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex,taking magnolol and honokiol contents and extraction rate as the reference indicators,the extraction effect between ultrasonic and supercritical fluid and ultrasound-enhanced supercritical fluid was compared.Rusults Ultrasound-enhanced supercritical fluid extraction is superior to the others.Conclusion Ultrasound could strengthen the supercritical fluid extraction of active ingredients from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.


The analysis of literature on the study of the animals husbandry sorbent's application for the reducing heavy metals and radionuclides negative impact on the health and productivity of farms animals, as well as the quality of livestock products was carried out. The truthfulness the negative impact reducing of ecotoxicants on the animal organism with such bioprotective preparations using was confirmed. The importance of the feeding diet as a factor that has the most significant impact on the ecotoxicants intake into the body of farm animals is noted. It is shown, that the agricultural animal feed pollution's has regional character, wich determine the exposure level to dairy and meat products by these toxicants. It is noted that the sorbent preparations use in animal husbandry under technogenically pollutanted areas conditions contributes not only to achieving compliance of the products obtained with sanitary and hygienic standards, but also to maintaining the health of animals, as well as increasing their productivity. The conclusion about the development relevance of new complex preparations with an optimal combination of the properties of the most effective veterinary drugs that already exist was made.


The thick, >20 km, crust of the Kerguelen Archipelago formed as the tectonic setting of the Kerguelen Plume changed from an oceanic ridge-centered location at 43 Ma to its present location beneath the Antarctic plate. The uppermost crust is dominantly flood basalt with a thickness of up to 10 km. Inverse isochron 40Ar/39Ar ages for upper and lower lavas in a 630 m section of basalt flows from Mont Bureau are 30.4 and 29.0 Ma; Re-Os isotopic systematics are consistent with this age. Most of the lavas in two stratigraphic sections (Mont Bureau and Mont Rabouillere) from the northern part of the archipelago have Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics similar to the youngest (Upper Miocene to Pleistocene) lavas erupted in the southeast part of the archipelago, i.e. initial 87Sr/86Sr >0.7050, 143Nd/144Nd 10%) MgO alkalic lavas in the Southeast Province of the archipelago, in these northern sections it is confined to transitional lavas with


Spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, Koch., the most one important pests of plant in Egypt. Development and fecundity of this mite were studied on fig and tomato at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C), 60 ± 5% RH. The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 13.8 ± 1.6 & 10 ± 1.6 days at 20°C to 6.8 ±0.8 &4.6 ± 1.1 days at 30°C. The lower temperature threshold (t0) and thermal constant (k) of the immature stages were estimated to be 7.9 & 11.16°C and 119.351&85.185 degree days (DD), respectively. The average adult life span of females was determined to be 41.6 ± 3.0 & 34.8 ± 3.1 days at 20°C to 19.8 ± 1.3 & 15.1 ± 3.0 days at 30°C.


The invention discloses a button, and especially relates to a capacitance induction button circuit, and a compensation circuit and compensation method thereof, for overcoming the defects of incapability of comprehensively eliminating influences of environmental factors on button sensitivity and incapability of automatic continuous adjustment of the button sensitivity in the prior art. The capacitance induction button circuit provided by the invention comprises at least one button, an induction electrode corresponding to each button, and a controller MCU, and is characterized by further comprising at least one compensation electrode for respectively detecting parasitic capacitance existing between each induction electrode and the ground and a compensation circuit corresponding to each compensation electrode. Each compensation circuit is respectively used for amplifying the detected signals of a corresponding compensation electrode, and the controller MCU compensates capacitance value signals detected by the controller MCU by use of compensation signals output by the compensation circuit so as to obtain induction capacitance value signals generated by a push button.


The projectification of organizations and the increased interest among researchers to developknowledge about temporary organizations has led to a lot of interesting work, most oftenfocusing on proj ...


Open-circuit fault is one of the common faults of multiphase motors. After fault occurrence, the control strategy needs to be modified in order to maintain smooth and uninterrupted operation. However, existing strategies with harmonic injection are unable to achieve effective decoupling of multiple planes. This letter proposes a novel fault-tolerant strategy with harmonic injection for the purpose of torque ripple reduction while enhancing torque operation range compared with state-of-the-art method. Since the higher order harmonic plane has less effect on torque ripple generation, the proposed strategy introduces harmonics into the higher order plane, thereby reducing its coupling to the fundamental plane. A seven-phase induction motor is utilized as the prototype to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control technique. Furthermore, the design principles of the proposed strategy in this letter can easily be extended to multiphase motors with higher phase numbers.


Thousands of migration studies, have been published since World War II. These studies represent a variety of concerns, including immigration, internal migrations, labour migrations, brain drain, demographic differentials, social organizational causes and consequences of migration, techniques of measuring various aspects of migrations, research methodology, and attempts at theoretical summaries of various aspects and types of migration. The fact that there still does not exist any single compendium of the existing literature on migration attests both to the complexity of the phenomenon and the diversity of the opinion held by the students of migration who are drawn from a wide spectrum of the intellectual enterprise. It is unlikely that, for example, the research findings of geographers, labour economists, regional planners, and sociologists in migration research will so converge in the foreseeable future that they would be amenable to be concisely summarized within any single theoretical framework. Under such circumstances, the volume under review is a welcome addition as yet another effort to bring together the more significant among the existing modes of migration analyses. The scope of the study is best illustrated by the twelve chapter headings: Economic Problems in Migration, Migration and Government Policy, Migration and Motivation, Duration of Residence and Frequency of Movement, Migration Models, Migration Data, Regressions Techniques in Migration, Stochastic Process in Migration, Spatial and Other Multivariate Techniques, Estimating and Projecting Migration. In addition to these, there is an introductory chapter and a summary chapter which includes the major conclusions of the earlier chapters. The main concern of the author is to examine "how migration-forces and impediments-with government policy impinges on the demand and supply of migrant labour; and how the problems to which migration gives rise can be analysed with appropriate techniques." (p. 207). Prospective readers need to be told that, whereas the author refers to available works in general while reviewing various techniques of analysis, his substantive statements have relevance basically to Great Britain. This is particularly true of the concluding chapter. The more useful part of the volume is the introduction to available techniques with abundant references to source materials so that interested students can follow in detail those techniques in which they are interested. The more theoretically relevant portions of the book are less impressive and show a certain lack of sufficient acquaintance with existing literature. That is, after referring to the work of Mangalam and Schwarzweller, the author creates the impression that they left the theoretical development in migration research with Eisenstadt's work on adsorption of immigrants to Israel. This is essentially misleading as these authors have presented a considerably more comprehensive theoretical approach. Wellis' chief interest, however, is not in developing any theoretically grounded modes of analysis. He is, rightly concerned about labor policy implications and economic consequences as suggested by some of the existing empirical studies in Britain. Here the author's comments are more valuable. I must confess that one statement particularly puzzled me. "The effect of migration on employment is more certain, since this has been the subject of more investigation. Inmigration into an area increases employ-


This aim of the study is to describe the role of local televisions in constructing local identities. This study was conducted with qualitative approach, examining two programs in two local televisions in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, namely Belacan Program of Riau Television (RTV) and Online Channel Program of Riau Channel Television (RCTV). This research found that local televisions have important roles in constructing local identities and maintaining local cultures. RTV and RCTV have optimized various ways of constructing local cultures, which simultaneously draws closer relations to their audiences, such as focusing on the Malay culture as a dominant culture in Riau, exploring tourist attractions and new places sursounding the city, delivering the program with local language, presenting traditional clothes worn by the host, involving local comminities in the production and creative processes of the program, innovating the program with the interactive music segment, discussing folk songs, and inviting local speakers. These programs have shown the resistance to the dominance of 'Jakarta' and global culture. The use of local language acts as symbolic signs, namely representing the local identities.Keywords: local television; local identity; local culture; creative processes.


This briefing paper uses the example of a changing UK/Scottish government relationship after Brexit to demonstrate how to analyse the role of politics and policymaking in the transformation of energy systems. Brexit will create a new division of policymaking responsibilities between EU, UK, and devolved governments. In this paper we divide energy policy competences according to levels of government. Initially, it suggests that we can generate a clear picture of multi-level policymaking. However, the formal allocation of competences only tells a partial story, because actual powers may operate differently from the strict legal picture. These blurry boundaries between responsibilities may be further complicated by Brexit, even if it looks like the removal of a layer of government will simplify matters. Instead of imagining clear lines of accountability, think of energy policy as part of a complex policymaking system – in which the link between powers, practices, and outcomes is unclear – and an energy system, in which government is only one of many influences on outcomes.


Moisture contents and pulverization levels of the coals charged to the ovens at Republic Steel Corporation Ohio plant have increased significantly over the past few years. Both of these physical characteristics affect oven bulk density which has a marked effect on coke mass contraction. A lower bulk density produces more contraction and lower coke strengths. From tests described in this paper it was determined that 10% contraction was safe when measured and calculated at plant conditions of 50.6 lb per cu ft bulk density and 5.4% moisture. 4 references.


Our lab is constructing photonic systems to seek correlates between cell signaling and laser-induced mechanical stresses as well as laser-based measurements of deformation and mechanical properties in engineered tissues.


After reviewing the research results and application of the flat dilatometer test (DMT) in the evaluation of soft soil parameters at home and aboard, authors introduced the application of DMT and other testing techniques to analyze the soil engineering properties of soft foundations for expressways synthetically. The calculated undrained shear strength based on DMT results is in accordance with that of field vane shear test (VST) basically; and the undrained shear strength from DMT also reflects the law of soil strength increasing with depth. Besides, the influential factors causing the difference between DMT and laboratory test results were analyzed. The results would provide reference for the application of DMT to domestic geotechnical engineering field.


tories) and emetine hydrochloride. Their histories are as follows. CASE I.-The patient was stung by a stone fish whilst fishing in shallow water. off the Losuia Government Station, Trobriand Islands. He is a young man. healthy, and aged about 21 years. He was carried into the native hospital about 15 minutes after the accident. He complained of excruciating pain in his left foot, and was unable to lie still; he was crying and screaming, although it is the custom of these people not to show pain to any extent. On examination of the patient. it was found that five spikes had entered the sole of his left foot-this in spite of a very thick foot sole. as he has never worn shoes. The points of entry were about 1 em. apart and easily made out. as a verv small amount of blood had extravasated. 'l"!:c whole of 'his foot was cedematous and very tender to touch. His temperature was 99'2° F., his pulse rate was 100 per minute, and his blood pressure was 95/60 mm. of mercurv. Shock was present. Immediately after his admission to hospital, 2 ml. of stone-fish antivenene were given by intramuscular injection. Seven minutes later the patient reported lessening of pain. Ten minutes after the antivenene, one quarter of a grain of emetine hydrochloride was injected into each point of entry. The pain ceased almost immediately. (Edema of the foot persisted for another two days, after which the patient was discharged from hospital as cured. Fourteen days later, the patient was fit and healthy. CASE n.-The patient is a healthy male, aged about 20 years. He was brought to the hospital about 20 minutes after he had been stung by a stone fish. He complained of excruciating pain in the left foot, which was oedematous, It was found that three spikes had entered the sole of his foot; one of these was still in the point of entry, His temperature was 98'8° F .. his pulse rate was 120 per minute and his blood pressure was 90/50 mm. of mercury. Two millililres of stone-fish antivenene were given by intramuscular injectton, followed five minutes later by the injection of one quarter of a grain of emetine into each point of entry. The pain ceased almost immediately, a nd the patient was discharged from hospital two days later, Fourteen days later, he was found to be enjoying the best of health. Conclusions.


This paper evaluates the merits of incorporating two-dimensional (2D) materials into monolithic threedimensional integrated circuits (M3D-IC), in terms of overcoming the major drawbacks of current 3D-ICs, including low thermal process budget, inter-tier signal delay and chip overheating problems. Our analysis reveals for the first time that the 2D-based M3D integration can offer $ > 10 -$folds higher integration density compared with through-silicon-via (TSV)based 3D integration, and $ > 150$% integration density improvement w.r.t conventional M3D integration. Therefore, 2D materials provide a better platform, with respect to bulk materials (such as Si, Ge, etc.), for realizing ultra-high-density M3D-ICs for next-generation electronics.


The La 2-x Sr xCuO 4 (0 4≤x≤1 0) mixed oxide catalyst with the K 2NiF 4 structure supported on mullite (28~50 mesh) was prepared by the citrate method and calcination at 650 ℃. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the catalyst were characterized by XRD and SEM. The catalytic performance of the catalyst for the CO oxidation was tested in a fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the ignition temperature was low, higher catalytic activity could be obtained when x=0 8~1 0, and the conversion of CO reached 100% at 300 ℃. The regeneration test of a spent FCC catalyst CRC-1 in a fluidized-bed reactor was carried out using the La 2-x Sr xCuO 4/mullite catalyst as the combustion promoter. The results showed that the catalyst with x=0 8 was optimal, the relative oxidation activity R (defined as CO 2/CO ratio) was 488, and the relative conversion of CO reached 99 5%.


Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the ventilatory response due to sustained isocapnic moderate hypoxia and the possible role of adenosine in hypoxic depression in anesthetized cats. Materials and Methods: Cats anesthetized with pentothal sodium (30 mg kg–1 i.p.) were divided into two groups: treated (n = 11) and control (n = 15). Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), minute volume (v̇E) and systemic arterial blood pressure were recorded during air and 20 min of breathing hypoxic gas mixture (14% O2-86% N2). Isocapnia was maintained by adding fractions of 1% CO2 to the inspired hypoxic gas mixture. The PaO2 and PaCO2 were determined. Results: On hypoxic gas mixture breathing, VT and v̇E values of the control animals increased significantly, at 5 min to 50 ± 6 and 53 ± 6%, respectively, above the prehypoxic air phase value (p < 0.001). After that, the magnitude of increase in VT and v̇E declined gradually. At 20 min of hypoxia, VT and v̇E were less than those in prehypoxic air phase (17 ± 7, 16 ± 7%, respectively). In cats injected with an adenosine antagonist (theophylline 13.6 mg kg–1 i.v.), f, VT and v̇E increased significantly at 5 min of hypoxia (p < 0.001). At 20 min of hypoxia, f, VT and v̇E were 8 ± 2, 30 ± 8, and 39 ± 8%, respectively, higher than corresponding values of the prehypoxic stage. In cats injected with theophylline (0.5 mg kg–1) by cisternal puncture VT and v̇E increased significantly at 5 min of hypoxia. At 20 min of hypoxia, VT and v̇E were 27 ± 7 and 31 ± 8% higher than those in the prehypoxic air phase. Conclusion: The results of this study show that accumulation of adenosine in the brain during hypoxia seems to reduce the response of the central mechanisms to chemoreceptor impulses.


We illustrate the power and efficiency of a recently uncovered Mellin-space approach to AdS/CFT correlation functions by providing a universal formula for the 4-scalar graviton-exchange Witten diagram, for arbitrary CFT-dual scaling dimensions. Our result keeps the space-time dimension generic as well, and is expressed as a combination of just 11 hypergeometric functions. Such hypergeometric functions are related to scalar-exchange diagrams. In particular, if reverse-engineered in terms of D-functions, this might be viewed as a first-step towards proving a long-standing conjecture by Dolan, Nirschl and Osborn pertaining to four-point correlators of chiral primary operators at strong coupling. Most importantly, the technology developed herein marks an additional development towards the long-anticipated computation of the four-point function of the N=4 sYM stress-tensor.


This work uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method to explore the premium that consumers would be willing to pay to stay at a green hotel. To the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first review on this topic and, thus, fills a gap in the existing literature. The search process identified 22 articles from 13 countries which were analyzed to explore three principal research questions regarding the valuation methods used to estimate the premium, the size of the premium, and the factors affecting the premium. From a policy perspective, the analysis shows that the lack of studies on the topic is a serious obstacle to the hotel sector's efforts to reduce its environmental footprint. From a managerial perspective, it is argued that consumers who are willing to pay to stay at green hotels would accept a premium of around 5%. Finally, from an estimation perspective, the analysis highlights specific gaps in and limitations of current studies that should be considered in future research efforts relating to the geographical coverage, accommodation type, factors affecting the premium that hotel customers would pay for green initiatives, and certain methodological issues, among others.


Background: The aim was to explore the prevalence of visitors to CAM practitioners in a total population with reference to sex, self-rated health status and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The paper reports findings from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2), a total population-based health survey of 42,277 respondents conducted in central Norway who answered questions on visits to a CAM practitioner. Variables included were age, marital status, education, receiving social welfare benefits, lifestyle (daily smoker), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-T), self-rated health status, and having a limiting chronic complaint. Results: Some 12.8% (95% CI 12.5–13.1) of the population had visited a CAM practitioner in the last 12 months, with females visiting almost twice as often as males. Multivariate analysis showed that consulting a CAM practitioner was significantly associated in both sexes with being middle-aged (male age 40–49 OR 1.6 (1.2–2.0), female age 30–39 OR 1.4 (1.1–1.6)); poor self-rated health status (male OR 5.1 (3.1–8.5), female 3.9 (2.2–6.8 )); and reporting a chronic complaint (male OR 1.5 (1.3–1.8), female OR 1.4 (1.2–1.6)). Daily smoking of cigarettes was associated with a decreased likelihood for visiting a CAM practitioner (male OR 0.7 (0.6–0.9), female OR 0.8 (0.7–0.9)). In females, both a higher total HADS-T score (score >20 OR 1.5 (1.2–2.0)) and middle-level education (OR 1.2 (1.1–1.4)) were associated with visiting a CAM practitioner. Conclusions: Visitors to CAM practitioners had lower self-reported health than non-users, but socio-demographic variables did not discriminate between users and non-users.


Based on the renovating roller experience and on the contrast with hot gunite, provision is made on the applying hot gunite technique to renovate roller in order to increase the weasable and promote the benefit.


Purpose – This special issue seeks to examine mentoring relationships and offer new perspectives and frameworks, suggesting exciting avenues for future research on mentoring and career development.Design/methodology/approach – In the last two decades, the workplace has been dramatically transformed. Individuals traditionally had careers entrenched in organizations, relying on the paternalistic firm for career development. Increasingly now, individuals are enacting careers outside organizational boundaries, defining career success on their own terms rather than by the organizational measures of salary and rank. Rapid technological change and globalization have intensified the decoupling of individual careers from organizations, putting more emphasis on individuals for their own career development and creating an even greater need for mentoring.Findings – Although much research has been done on the impact of mentoring on subjective and objective career success, there are still many unexamined and under‐expl...


We explore the effects of over-specificity in learning algorithms by investigating the behavior of a student, suited to learn optimally from a teacher B, learning from a teacher B′ ≠ B. We only considered the supervised, on-line learning scenario with teachers selected from a particular family. We found that, in the general case, the application of the optimal algorithm to the wrong teacher produces a residual generalization error, even if the right teacher is harder. By imposing mild conditions to the learning algorithm form, we obtained an approximation for the residual generalization error. Simulations carried out in finite networks validate the estimate found.


The optical rotator is an unbiased, local stereological principle for estimation of cell volume and cell surface area in thick, transparent slabs. The underlying principle was first described in 1993 by Kiêu &38; Jensen ( J. Microsc170, 45–51) who also derived an estimator of length. In this study we further discuss the methods derived from this principle and present two new local volume estimators.


The undergraduate civil engineering department has for years introduced students to the economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability. Within courses and through freshman and senior design projects students learned sustainable design. Students mastered the ability to recognize and discuss sustainable design but were unable to demonstrate the principles of sustainable design. In 2011, a more structured strategy to teaching sustainable design was adopted. In year one, an introduction to sustainable design principles was added to the Freshman Design course. The objective was to increase students' awareness of sustainable design. Assessment confirmed an increase in student awareness and understanding of sustainable design concepts. In the following year, Sustainable Civil Engineering Design was added as a required sophomore level course. The course objectives are to introduce the science behind the environmental constraints imposed by sustainable engineering, to utilize life cycle analysis as a design tool, and to incorporate a systems approach to design when identifying various sustainable development techniques. Future efforts will focus on integration of more sub-discipline specific sustainability concepts into junior engineering courses and to have students demonstrate the principles of sustainable design in the Senior Design course.


In this note the Stone-Cech compactification is used to produce short proofs of two theorems on the structure of free topological groups. The first is: The free topological group on any Tychonoff space X contains, as a closed subspace, a homeomorphic copy of the product space X. This is a generalization of a result of B. V. S. Thomas. The second theorem proved is C. Joiner's, Fundamental Lemma.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify historical backdrop leading to the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing in Korea, and to explore trends of doctoral nursing education program. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study adopting a historical approach. Documentation data were collected through web sites and mail survey. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 professors who were involved in the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing. The outcomes of doctoral nursing education program were evaluated with a total of 1,153 dissertations" titles published from 1982 to 2007. Results: First introduced in Korea in 1978, doctoral nursing education program had steadily increased totaling 21 doctoral program in 2007. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of doctoral students, but the number of faculty and the quality were not as satisfactory as expected. Many doctoral program had the missions or goals that fostered nursing scholars, theorists, and researchers, a trend that seems set to continue. The majority of dissertations utilized the experimental design (39.9%), others were qualitative design (21.6%), and survey design (19.0%). Conclusion: Doctoral education that is the hallmark of nursing scholarship is further elaborated in terms of academic tradition of nursing school in Korea.


The generation of internal-wave disturbances by continuously stratified flow of large depth over topography is studied in the Boussinesq approximation. For constant background velocity and Brunt-Väisälä frequency, the model of Long (1953) predicts a class of two-dimensional nonlinear steady-state wave patterns, under the hypothesis of no upstream effects from the topography. Here, Long's theory is generalized to describe the dynamics of slightly unsteady nonlinear disturbances near the hydrostatic limit (extended topography), allowing for the presence of weak variations in the background flow. A pair of nonlinear integral-differential amplitude evolution equations are derived for disturbances of finite amplitude that remain valid as long as no flow reversal occurs. Previous weakly nonlinear or steady-state theories follow from this formulation as special cases. The proposed asymptotic theory seems well suited for investigating the long-time transient behaviour of the nonlinear response, and the validity of Long's hypothesis of no upstream influence.


.................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ ix LIST OF ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... x 1.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Scope of Research .................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Outline of Methodology ........................................................................................... 3 1.5.1 Preparation of the Materials .......................................................................... 3 1.5.2 Determination of Properties .......................................................................... 4 1.5.3 Testing........................................................................................................... 4 2.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Recycled Concrete Aggregate .................................................................................. 5 2.3 Supplementary Cementitious Materials ................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Silica Fume (SF) ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) .......................................... 7


Objective
To explore the experience of nurse-physician collaboration construction and its clinical practice effects.

Methods
From June 2013 to December 2015, based on the SBAR communication model, nurse-physician collaboration was constructed in oncology and surgery wards of Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, He'nan Cancer Hospital. The situation of nurse-physician collaboration, satisfaction of doctors, nurses, patients to nursing work were evaluated using the convenience sampling method and questionnaire survey method, before and after the implementation of nurse-physician collaboration mode.

Results
After the application, the score of Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale (NPCS) was (114.89±14.56) , which was higher than before (94.37±16.21) , and the difference was statistically significant (t=-8.75, P<0.01) . The satisfaction degrees about nursing work of physicians, nurses and patients were (93.57±6.43) , (95.50±7.89) and (94.80±6.72) , which were all higher than before, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-2.07, -5.81, -7.02; P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Based on the SBAR communication mode, the establishment of nurse-physician collaboration mode could effectively promote the degree of cooperation between physicians and nurses, improve the satisfaction of physicians, nurses and patients, and improve the hospital care quality.

Key words:
Nurses; SBAR communication mode; Nurse-physician collaboration; Collaboration; Satisfaction


Prydz Bay is located in the continental margin of East Antarctica and its deep crustal structure is of great significance for understanding the Cretaceous Gondwana rifting and Cenozoic continental margin formation.In this paper,the gravity and magnetic,multi-channel seismic reflection,sonobuoy refraction seismic and ODP drilling data are used to study the deep crustal structure of Prydz Bay.The results show that the Prydz depression is manifested as the typical basin characteristics of negative gravity anomalies and deep sedimentary basement,while gravity anomalies are high in the Four Ladies Bank whose deep sedimentary basement is shallow.There is a SW-NE banding basement uplift in the middle of the continental shelf.The isostatic residual gravity anomalies in the outside part of middle continental shelf present as V-shaped banding characteristics,whose wings are adjacent to the continental slopes of the Four Ladies Bank and Fram Bank.The anomaly zone deviates toward the land in the middle continental shelf due to the impact of the terrain of the ancient edge of the continental shelf.We speculate that both of this zone and Prydz trough mouth fan belong to the landward part of continent-ocean transition zone(COT),as the crust is gradually thinning from land to ocean as showed in the gravity modelling profile.There is a thinner crust below Prydz alluvial fan,with an average thickness and thinnest thickness are 6 km and 4.6 km,respectively.According to the location of the continent-ocean boundary(COB),we speculate that it belong to the transitional crust close to the thickness of the oceanic crust.The trend of gravity anomaly division is basically in accordance with the trend of the Lambert graben at the Prydz Bay.It mainly reflects the rifting of Prydz Bay which is caused by the Permian-Triassic super plume.Both of free air gravity anomaly and isostatic residual gravity in this area are greater than 100×10-5 m/s2.This is perhaps a result of the regional flexural isostasy effect of the thick sedimentary body at the edge of the continental shelf loading on the top of the high strength lithosphere,which may be related to the evolution of sedimentary hiatus and fast progradation thickening after the second rift stage.The strike of magnetic anomaly is significantly different from gravity anomaly in Prydz Bay.The magnetic anomaly can be divided into two parts which is high and positive in the northeast,but is low in the southwest. It suggests that the high magnetic anomaly may be mainly derived from mafic igneous rocks,and the era of magmatism is different from the era of the basement uplifting.It may be formed in Precambrian or in Cretaceous when Antarctica and Indian Plate is rifting.