INTRODUCTION Given the nutritional transition processes occurring in different places of the world, eating experiences are modified regarding their eating habits patterns, causing an increase of high calorie diets which emphasize on the ingestion of carbohydrates and lipids. In parallel to this alteration on daily life, the lack of physical activity contributes to the occurrence of diseases associated to overweight and leads to antagonistic effects on the human metabolism. The metabolism decrease is conditioned to aging, therefore, the importance of healthy eating must be emphasized, as well as the quest for healthier living habits. Common elements converge to a diet rich in fats, sugar and refined foods with reduced amounts of fibers and complex carbohydrates. Simultaneous alterations in body composition, particularly the exceptional increase of obesity in the country, are associated to the predominance of this diet and to the progressive decrease of physical activity (MONTEIRO, 1995). Recently, observational studies and experiments have evidenced the close relation between the diet's qualitative features and the occurrence of chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus, non-insulin dependent; different types of cancer; and obesity (WHO, 1990). The current technology, the switching of leisure activities such as the replacement of the practice of sports and walks in the park for hours in front of the computer -, the decrease of occupational physical effort, as they make life easier, they also keep people from their physical activities. The data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE,1996) indicate that 19.2% of the Brazilian adults are poorly active, exercising only once a week, and only 7.9% exercise regularly, three times a week. Active individuals are healthier. Regular exercise helps reducing obesity, as well as offering an improvement in physical fitness and a decrease in mortality and morbidity rates, even for individuals who remain obese (HILL et al., 2000). In face of this, the intention of this paper is to relate nutritional state (macronutrient intake) and deal with the levels of physical activity of selected adult individuals from the Vale dos Sinos Region, Rio Grande do Sul State, through a multidisciplinary study involving the Nutrition, Physical Education and Psychology areas.


The change of evaporation liquid on another immiscible liquid has important guiding significance for many applications. In this experiment, the geometric temperature distribution and evaporation rate of n-hexane droplets were observed and recorded by changing the temperature of deionized water. The results show that with the increase of temperature of deionized water-based solution, the maximum diameter of n-hexane droplet spreading after titration increases gradually, while the minimum diameter of n-hexane droplet disappearing decreases gradually. Meanwhile, the evaporation rate of n-hexane droplet is constant during the whole evaporation process. It should also be mentioned that if the base solution is changed from deionized water to a certain concentration of salt solution, the maximum diameter of n-hexane droplet spreading will be reduced, and the evaporation intensity will be relatively reduced. These experimental results will give us a better understanding of the mechanism and characteristics of droplet evaporation.


The organization of neighbourhoods around the world varies according to the state's environmental conditions. Saudi Arabia is known to have a large population and many environmental differences in its neighbourhoods. Jeddah City is known as the country's economic and tourism capital, and this work will address one of the neighbourhoods in Jeddah City, North Prince Fawaz Neighbourhood. WadiGhulil is considered the largest valley in the province of Jeddah. The floods from the mountains east of Jeddah to the sea from the south, passing through most of the new and popular neighbourhoods, such as the Galilee and Nazala districts, the industrial warehouses and the Prince Fawaz district. This phenomenon caused the drowning of the Neighbourhood of Prince Fawaz. The aim of this work is to develop the North Prince Fawaz neighbourhood into a neighbourhood that is sheltered, well-planned and built to be sustainable, based on the needs and needs of residents and that also develops socially, environmentally and economically healthy aspects. Keywords-sustainable, village, neighbourhood, Saudi Arabia, © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.08.94 INTRODUCTION Sustainability and sustainable development have steadily gained popularity around the world over the last decade [1]. This is partly due to an increased awareness of the environmental impacts human society has had in the last century. Furthermore, population growth and urban neighbourhood development are inevitable in cities around the world [2]. Many neighbourhoods around the world today face a number of challenges that have had an impact on culture, social association, economic outlook and the environment. Urban sustainable development should therefore address the social and cultural perspectives of each community within the environmental and economic contexts [3]. The concept of a neighbourhood being considered is an area where people live and interact with each other [4]. Neighbourhoods tend to have their own personality among the general population living in and around them [5]. Residents may have comparable types of families, income and education. Neighborhoods may include restaurants, bookshops, and parks. Saudi Arabia is known to have a large population and many environmental differences in its neighborhoods [6]. Jeddah City is known as the country's economic and tourism capital, and this research will address one of the neighborhoods in Jeddah City, North Prince Fawaz Neighborhood.. According to Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia [7], there is a need to improve the neighbourhood sustainability system to suit the city's natural environment and provide opportunities to live and live in the valley with an integrated security system that meets all people's needs and needs and builds a vibrant community of people there. Thus, this work presents a brief proposal on the sustainable development of Prince Fawaz Neighborhood. BRIEF REVIEW ON SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD The Definition of Sustainable Neighbourhood A sustainable neighborhood is one that is economically, environmentally and socially healthy and resilient [8]. It addresses challenges through integrated solutions instead of fragmented approaches that meet one of these objectives at the expense of the other. The three pillar of sustainability are environmental, economy, and society [9,10]. The environmental pillar includes the protection and sweetening of native and regional ecosystems and biological diversity [9]. It also includes conservation of water, land, energy and non-renewable resources. The economic pillar includes community members who benefit equitably from a strong and healthy communitybased economy [9]. The pillar of society includes the satisfaction of basic human desires for clean air and water and regionally sourced, uncontaminated food [9]. The Seven Ways to Create Sustainability in Neighbourhood There are seven ways to create sustainability in the neighborhood [11]. Those seven methods are flood prevention, waste reduction, solar energy conservation, water conservation, green communities, walkable communities and regenerative design [11]. For flood prevention, it includes Reducing the amount of impervious surface, improving subdivision design and maintenance, minimizing reliance on levee protection, and planting and maintaining appropriate vegetation, often native plants. For waste reduction, it includes reduce, re-use, recycle waste. For the conservation of solar energy, this includes the generation of electricity using solar cells. For the conservation of water, this includes the reduction of water wastage and the introduction of rainwater collection techniques. For green communities, it includes implementation of green methods for energy conservation among the local communities. COMPARISON BETWEEN A SUSTAINABLE AND AN UNSUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD Table 1 shows the comparison between sustainable neighborhood and unsustainable neighborhood. Table 1. The differences between sustainable and nonsustainable neighborhood Sustainable Neighborhood Non-Sustainable Neighborhood Walk to shops No service Safe streets No safety Get around easily No gathering places Housing choices No discharge of rain and flood water Gathering places No environmental protection City services No exploitation of environmental wealth SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCE FAWAZ NEIGHBOURHOOD Journal of critical reviews 437 SITE SELECTION In this work, the selected site is Prince Fawz Neighborhood (Figure 1). This site was selected due to its neighbourhood. Second is due to the lack of security, entertainment, services, landscaping and the preservation of the natural surroundings of the neighbourhood, while it is one of the famous old neighbourhoods in Jeddah City. Thus, a sustainable neighbourhood for Prince Fawz Neighborhood is required. In addition, it requires an improvement to the landscape and it requires improvement in the drainage solutions. In addition, the key surroundings of this neighbourhood are Althaghar Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Event mall and Alrehaily Station. Figure 1. Prince Fawz Neighborhood PROJECT DESIGN Vision 2030 is a bold yet workable blueprint for an ambitious nation. It expresses the nation long-term goals and expectations and builds on the unique strengths and capabilities of Saudi Arabia country. It guides the aspirations of Saudi Arabia towards a new phase of development–to create a vibrant society in which all citizens can fulfil their dreams, hopes and ambitions to succeed in a prosperous economy. The sustainable development goals are a blueprint for a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges that Saudi Arabia face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice. The objectives are interlinked and, in order to leave no one behind, it is important that Saudi Arabia achieve each goal and target by 2030. Figure 2 to Figure 10 shows the proposed sustainability features, design and development for Prince Fawz Neighborhood. Figure 2. Community garden section Figure 3. Rain X Change Figure 4. Stormwater runoff Figure 5. Kinetic pavement Figure 6. Master plan of the Development neighborhood SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCE FAWAZ NEIGHBOURHOOD Journal of critical reviews 438 Figure 7. Internal view of Prince Fawz Neighborhood Figure 8. The park of Prince Fawz Neighborhood


From Bandwagon to Balance-of-Power Politics: Structured Constraints on Politics in China, 1949-1978. By AVERY GOLDSTEIN. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991, 366 pp. $39.50.] Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. By BARRETT L. MCCORMICK. [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. 222 pp. $34.95.] Reform Without Liberalization: China's National People's Congress and the Politics of Institutional Change. By KEVIN J. O'BRIEN. [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 263 pp. £40.00, $42.50.] Brushes With Power: Modern Politics and the Chinese Art of Calligraphy. By RICHARD CURT KRAUS. [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. 208 pp. $24.95.]


This paper discusses the inherent characteristics and functions of the chorography, and from the value containing in the chorography, probes into some measures for the active development of the chorography.


The influences of four different host plants(Sorghum vulgare Pers.,Aoza1;Sorghum vulgare Pers.Kang4;Triflium repens L;Sorghum sudanende(Pip.)Staff) on the growth of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae was studied.The results showed that under greenhouse conditions,four different host plants were infected by Glomus mosseae successfully.By comparison of total length of external hyphae,colonized root length and spore content,sorghum vulgare Pers.,Aoza 1 achieved the greatest mycorrhizal development among the four host plants.The length of colonized roots and the mass fraction of soluble sugar in roots were significantly and positively correlated to spore content in substrates.Nevertheless,the mass fraction of P in root was not significantly correlated to mycorrhizal development.The results suggested that the different host plant even the different genotype within same the host plant species have different growth effects with the same fungal isolate.The length of colonized roots and the mass fraction of soluble sugar in roots could influence the mycorrhizal development greatly.


Due to the continuous wars during The Three Kingdoms, many areas in the northern part of Jiangsu were desolate and uninhabited, not to mention the education at that time. The education in the southern part of Jiangsu, in contrast, formed its own characteristics under the ruling of King Sunquan: he paid much attention to his childrens education and encouraged his generals to study; and Sunxiu put emphasis on the construction of schools and encouraged the children of the officers to go to school; the private education in big family community was fairly brisk and trained a lot of excellent talents for Dongwu state and the later Xijing dynasty


ABSTRACT The implementation of enterprise systems (ES) is an IT-enabled collaboration between vendors and clients. This collaboration contributes to the economy of developing countries by offering high added value with low resource consumption. Researchers and practitioners in the ES service industry believe that the citizenship behavior of clients is critical to the success of such a collaboration. However, despite this recognition, current knowledge on how to improve the citizenship behavior of clients through the benefits provided by ES remains unclear. The present study uses social exchange theory in proposing a model for examining the effects of ES benefits (i.e. ES task efficiency and ES coordination improvement) on client citizenship behavior in China through guanxi (i.e. renqing and ganqing). The data collected from 112 client firms of a focal ES vendor support most of the hypotheses. ES task efficiency and ES coordination improvement positively affect renqing, which in turn influences client citizenship behavior. ES coordination improvement positively influences ganqing and sequentially client citizenship behavior. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.


1. Heterogeneity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities was proved by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate of rat and human tissue homogenates. Two or more separable forms of MDH activities were found in these tissues. Each tissue exhibited a similar distribution of MDH activities.2. The supernatant MDH showed a band of relatively less cathodic mobility (MDH 1), but the mitochondrial MDH (MDH 2) was found to be far more mobile, migrating toward the cathode. However, two MDH bands were observed in both fractions.3. The acetone powder extracts showed also the two MDH activities.4. The enzymes isolated from rat liver extracts were easely inhibited by heating, trypsin and oxaloacetate according to the staining methods.5. It was concluded that the increased serum MDH following experimental liver damage in rats is mainly the form of MDH 1.


Abstract

 H. tiliaceus is a medium-sized tree, normally 8-12 m tall (maximum 20 m) and stem to 50 cm dbh, with a dense crown and spreading branches. The bark is grey, smooth on young trees with brown, horizontally elongated lenticels; hard and thick with black, vertical fissures on larger trees. It has mucilaginous sap. The original natural distribution is obscure, but H. tiliaceus is now widely distributed in the sub-humid and humid tropics. It grows on coastal foreshores on sand or rock, behind mangrove communities that border brackish swamp forest and littoral subtropical rainforest on alluvial flats near the sea. It is infrequent on atolls. The timber is very fine and smooth, easy to work and takes a good polish. The leaves, bark and sap are used medicinally: leaves are wrapped around bone fractures; and fluid from young stems is used as an antiseptic for skin eruptions. The roots, flowers and young leaves are edible. The inner bark is used for its fibre to make twine, cordage for ropes, nets, basketware, fishing line and making skirts for ceremonial occasions. The bushy habit and decorative flowers make this species an attractive shade or ornamental tree for coastal gardens, although it is easily damaged by sea winds. It is a short-lived pioneer species that can become invasive and the extensive root system can become a problem to cultivation. It is thought to be a host for insect vectors of foliar decay disease of coconuts.


This paper compares the cathode luminescence UV‐spectra and microstructure of MgO, MgO:Si, MgO:Sc, and Mg0.85Ca0.15O crystals. The shift of the UV emission peaks is discussed and a hypothesis is proposed to explain both the different emission characteristics, and the possible relationship with exoemission and secondary electron emission.


In view of the abnormal phenomenon that a flood peak increased in August 2004 and July 2005 along the lower Yellow River, the experiment of this abnormal phenomenon is studied. It is found that the flood increase was due to the decrease the channel roughness in the propagation of high concentrated flood carrying the extra fine sediment which was discharged from xiaolangdi reservoir. Experiments with hyper-concentration flowing over the rough beds prove that the resistance of the flow may be considerably reduced by suspended sediment. Especially in hyper-concentration, the phenomenon of drag-reducing is more obvious. The drag reduction mechanism for the open channel flow with hyper-concentration is revelated. The drag reduction rate in open channel flow of hyper-concentration is presented, and the effects of relevant factors on the drag reduction rate are discussed systematically. It has the significant value for the flood control and flood prediction of hyper-concentration.


Mo-MoSi2 gradient material was prepared by ihrigizing on molybdenum matrix with silicon electrodeposited in KCl-NaCl-NaF-(SiO2)molten salt as silicon source.The effects of electroplating mode,current density,temperature,electrolytic deposition time and pulse form on surface microstructure,phase structure,and depth and silicon content distribution of cross section of coating were investigated.The results show that the coating quality electrodeposited by pulse form is better than that by direct current.The optimum pulse deposition parameters include current density of 750~1000 A/cm2,temperature of800~850 ℃,t1=t2=0.7~1.5,and electroplating duration of 120~180min.


This paper deals with dissipation-free flow in steadily rotating axisymmetric pulsar magnetospheres; for each species, relativistic inertia is balanced by the Lorentz force. Knowledge of integrals of the motion, including a complete integral for the limiting case of purely toroidal flow, is used to manipulate the fundamental electromagnetic and hydrodynamic equations into convenient forms. Consideration of the flow dynamics, incorporating plasma drift across the magnetic field and injection along it, provides the physical basis of a description of flow in which the poloidal motion is closely tied to the poloidal magnetic field lines (L. Mestel el al. to be published 1985). Particular attention is paid to flows whose toroidal part tends towards corotation as the symmetry axis is approached, and implications of the results for model building are discussed.


I was a social worker in practice at the inception of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. Overnight, I became a 'care manager'. This wasn't just a change of name; assessment forms arrived big time! While there was never a 'Golden Age' of social work, the focus had clearly shifted and, instead of the record of an assessment being secondary to the assessment process itself, we were faced with forms comprising a plethora of tick boxes, multiple choice questions and an array of services to choose – services which did not necessarily seem to be related to what people themselves – and I – thought they actually needed! This marked the beginning of the excessive bureaucratisation of social work, an obvious bedfellow of managerialism. Listening to students across the years, I have heard of worsening bureaucratisation, with assessments driven by ever tighter eligibility criteria and an emphasis on risk and safeguarding. If those early assessment forms from which I recoiled were lengthy, the current ones are gargantuan and can all too easily distract from the key assessment task. Importantly, as this book's title suggests, they can also distract workers from empowering people with whom they work. I had been lucky enough to hear Gerry Smale present the assessment models outlined in this book at a public lecture (Social Work Studies, University of Southampton 2003); his description of the procedural model of assessment fitted exactly with what assessment processes seemed to be in danger of becoming! In essence, the three models he presented, which are the basis for this text, are summarised in Table 1. Two things about the exchange model alone, of the three models, become apparent:


In this study, we synthesized the literature on how informal contexts, namely friends and family social groups, shape high school students' likelihood of pursuing advanced math and science coursework. Extending scholarly understandings of STEM education, we turned to the body of literature with three guiding questions: (1) What influence do friends have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (2) What influence does family, particularly parents, have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (3) Do the effects vary by gender among each social group? By synthesizing existing literature on the influence of family and friends on advanced math and science coursetaking in high school, we find that both friends and families can influence the number of advanced math and science courses students complete, but the amount of advanced coursework students complete also varies based on the gender of the individual student, the gender of his/her friends, as well as by mother or father. Implications and limitations are discussed.


THERE EXISTS AN EVER-ENLARGing literature on the prevalence of disease-associated mutations in 2 breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (IBC). Estimates of mutation rates are currently available for a number of population-based as well as high-risk groups, including women of Ashkenazi Jewish background or women with multiple family members diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer. Studies of mutation rates among IBC cases in the general population (among women unselected for family history or ethnicity) exist for a variety of ages at onset. The most recent analyses place the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among all women diagnosed with IBC at between 0.4% to 2.6% and 1.4% to 1.5%, respectively, combined across all age groups. Carrier prevalence estimates in population-based IBC cases diagnosed at an early age ( 45 years) are generally higher and range from 1.9% to 7.5% for BRCA1 and 2.2% to 2.7% for BRCA2, with estimates for BRCA2 varying less with age than those for BRCA1. Estimates of mutation rates in high-risk groups are markedly higher, including a rate of approximately 20% associated with the BRCA1 185delAG mutation among Ashkenazi Jewish women with IBC diagnosed before 42 years and a rate of 24% associated with the BRCA2 999del5 mutation in Icelandic women diagnosed with IBC before 40 years. Controversy exists regarding the role of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with Author Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Dr Claus and Ms Petruzella), Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center (Ms Matloff ), and Department of Pathology (Dr Carter), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (Dr Claus). Corresponding Author: Elizabeth B. Claus, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College St, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034 (elizabeth.claus @yale.edu). Context The distribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in women diagnosed with noninvasive breast carcinoma is unknown.


Although sports sociology is a sub discipline of exercise science, it is also a part of the parent discipline of sociology, which is the study of human behavior and social interactions within particular contexts. Sports sociology examines sports as a part of cultural and social life, and adds a different dimension and perspective to the study of sports and exercise. More specifically, sports sociology examines the relationship between sports and society and seeks answers to many issues and questions regarding sports and culture. Sports are a pervasive part of culture and are considered to be social constructions within society created by groups of individuals and based on values, interests, needs, and resources. Sport forms are created by groups of individuals. Each culture creates and uses sports for its own purposes; therefore, sports take different forms from culture to culture.


This article presents the main findings of a study on the portrayal of occupational roles in fiction series broadcast by the general nationwide channels during the 2009/2010 season in Spain. Fiction is one of the most highly appreciated genres amongst audiences, thus the study of fiction characters allows us to identify the models and roles portrayed and transmitted by television. The gender-related variable shows that the representation of male and female occupational roles in television fiction remains unequal, although there has been some improvement in relation to previous studies.


Fiber coupled system based on mini-bar is an effective way for avoiding complex beam shaping to reduce the costs and improve brightness. A beam shaping method named polarization folding is designed to reduce BPP of slow axis to a half,and the fiber coupling scheme based on polarization folding is also given. A microchannel heatsink is designed for the special demand of mini-bar package,and it had been proved according to the result of packaging experiment. 439 W output power of mini-bar spatial coupling module and 97% spatial coupling efficiency are achieved by spatial coupling of two 5 mini-bar stacks. A peak power of 186. 9 W is achieved in the fiber coupling experiment, the O-O efficiency is about 52. 2%.


This paper is an attempt to explain the observed performance of sparse matrix factorization algorithms on parallel computers. In particular, we examine whether the disappointing performance of these algorithms is due to insufficient parallelism in the problem or to the architectural characteristics of existing parallel computers. Through a series of theoretical models of increasing realism, we first determine upper and lower bounds on the speedup that can be expected in practice for this problem, and end with a parameterized model that is capable of reproducing the full range of behavior within these bounds, including the speedups actually observed in practice. This model suggests that the current limits on speedup in sparse factorization are due to poor communication performance of the present generation of parallel computer architectures rather than to a lack of parallelism in the problem. 29 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.


In various industrial plants such as power generation plants, petrochemical plants, and unit factories, there is an increasing demand for a system that generates hot water using waste or surplus steam. Compact steam unit (CSU), which produces hot water by using steam, is a good solution considering energy reuse. In this study, as a basic study to develop a high-pressure CSU, heat transfer characteristics of a hybrid heat exchanger were investigated through experiments, in order to use the hybrid heat exchanger instead of a conventional plate heat exchanger as the core component of CSU. The experimental results are the followings. Heat balance between the hot side and cold side was satisfied within ± 5 %. Overall heat transfer coefficient increased linearly as the Reynolds number increased and exceeded 5,524 W/m2K when the flow velocity was above 0.5 m/s. In addition, pressure drop also increased as the Reynolds number increased, and pressure drop per unit length was below 50 kPa/m.


Mitochondrial calcium overload and excitotoxicity represent hallmarks of selective motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (1,2). Here, we specifically investigated the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in cultured embryonic motor neurons from non-transgenic and G93AhSOD1 mice, a widely accepted ALS model. Immunocytochemistry and qPCR were used to examine expression of MCU. For survival assay we challenged our cultures with excitotoxicity inducer kainate (100 µM, 12h) and applied KN-62 (10 µM) and kaempferol (25 µM). Functional effects of these drugs were examined by single cell calcium imaging using fura 2-AM. Reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering (p<0.05) and MCU overexpression (p<0.05) were confirmed in G93AhSOD1 motor neurons. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor KN-62 reduced MCU expression (p<0.01) and protected G93AhSOD1 motor neurons against kainate (p<0.01). MCU activator kaempferol did not influence MCU expression or neuronal viability. Still, its acute application enhanced spontaneous Ca2+ activity, especially in G93AhSOD1 neurons. We provide evidence that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake plays a major role in G93AhSOD1 motor neurons and that pharmacological manipulation of MCU may be a highly valuable neuroprotective strategy in ALS.


The absorption cores in disposable nappies, incontinence pads and female hygiene products are manufactured by a dry mat-forming process. Cellulose fibers and super-absorbing particles are suspended in air and blown onto a forming wheel on which the cores are formed. It is vital for the quality of the product that the fibres and particles are evenly distributed in the suspension. The purpose of this project has been to establish a platform of scientific knowledge from which the fluid mechanics aspect of the manufacturing process can be understood. To better understand the problems relevant to the process, air/particle flows and air/fiber flows have been studied separately. A two-fluid model with a modified κ-e model for the gas phase has been used to simulate a horizontal air/particle flow. An optical probe and a calibration procedure for measuring the local particle volume fraction have been developed and used to verify the models. The probe uses two optical fibres, to emit infrared light and detect light reflected by the particles. The calibration procedure is based on the assumption that light paths including reflections on more than one particle do not make a significant contribution to the probe signal. Measurements of a horizontal air/particle flow have been made to verify the simulations. The agreement between simulations and experiments is good. For the air/fiber flow, it is suggested that a two-fluid model be used together with a turbulence model for the gas phase and a transport equation for a floc characterizing scalar. This scalar may be either flocculation intensity or floc size. A technique for characterizing the flow using optical probes has been developed. Measurements of floc velocity and size distributions have been made in a production-scale facility for process research. The shape of the measured floc size distribution indicates that the mechanism for aggregating fibres into flocs is strong compared to the mechanism for breaking up flocs.


The optimum chelating conditions of silk protein hydrolysates with Zinc were studied.The effects factors of the chelating reaction were investigated, including pH value, the mass ratio of silk peptide to Zinc, concentration of silk peptide, Zinc source, reaction temperature and reaction time. With orthogonal experiment the optimal condition was obtained as follows: pH6, the mass ratio of silk peptide to Zinc 2:1, the concentration of silk peptide 0.05 g/mL, temperature 50 ℃. Under this condition, the chelating rate of Zinc was 86.54 %, and the yield of the product was 84.5 %


The effects of RE,V and Ti modification on the grain refinement of high silicon cast steels(HSCS) were investigated systematically.The experiment results show that a large a mount of compounds with high-melting point is formed in HSCS after modification.Those high-melting point compounds are very effective in prompting heterogeneous nucleation of austenite and refining the austenite grain of HSCS.At the same time,the addition of modifier increases the degree of supercooling of the steel prompting nucleation of austenite and refining the grains.By modification,the dendrite grain turns into the equiaxed grain after austempering heat treatments.The volume fraction of blocky retained austenite of HSCS decreases remarkably from 31.9% without modification to 5.5% after RE/V/Ti multimodification,and the size of blocky retained austenite also decreases.


Gas permeability has been measured through a carbon nanotube-based "buckypaper" membrane and through commercially available porous anodized alumina membranes with 200 nm nominal pore dimensions. Permeation relationships through the alumina membrane are consistent with Knudsen-type diffusion. Permeation behavior in the "buckypaper" membrane, however, shows a strong dependence of permeability on pressure that is not explained by typical transport mechanisms. It is suggested that elastic deformation of the membrane from the pressure differential may contribute to this behavior.


Reaction time is the time taken to react to a stimulus. In cognitive psychology, reaction time (RT) is used to measure the amount of time that it takes an individual to process information. In research studies, reaction time measures have been commonly used to assess the level of alertness of the Judokas and Wrestlers. The results of the research study on the Auditory and Audio-Visual reactions are commonly used for the purpose of evaluating Judo and Wrestling skills. The objective of the study aimed at determining comparison in measurements of the reaction time of male judokas and wrestlers against the auditory signal and audio-visual signal. The sample of the study comprised a group of 32 Male (Judokas and Wrestlers) of age group between 18-23 Years. Two different types of stimuli were employed in research through VTS Machine for the assessment of reaction time (RT) i.e. Auditory Signal and Audio-Visual Signal. T-test was used to compare the Auditory and Audio-Visual Reaction Time. Judokas and Wrestlers were found to React faster against Auditory stimulus.


Objective:
To evaluate the changes of peripapillary and macular retinal vasculature parameter in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients.

Methods:
In this case-control study, eighteen consecutive patients (18 eyes) who were clinically diagnosed with atrophic NAION (at least 3 months after onset of symptoms) between October 2017 and June 2018 were included. Twenty healthy outpatient patients (20 eyes) with normal eye examination were selected as the control group. The optic nerve head and macular was scanned by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for all subjects.The following parameters, including peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), whole en face image vessel density (wiVD) of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), peripapillary RPC vessel density (ppVD), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and parafoveal vessel density (pfVD) were measured. Multi-factor regression analyses were used to analyze the effects of blood flow parameters on the incidence of NAION, LogMAR BCVA, pRNFL and GCC. Pearson correlation between ppVD and pRNFL was analyzed.

Results:
Compared with the control group, pRNFL thickness, RPC wiVD and ppVD of the NAION group were significantly reduced (t=-6.567, -6.958, -6.668, P<0.001) and the SCP wiVD, DCP wiVD and GCC thickness were significantly reduced (t=-6.226, -2.760, -6.340, P<0.001). NAION development was related to ppVD (b=0.502, OR=1.653, P=0.045). The LogMAR BCVA of the NAION group was related to SCP wiVD (b=-0.726, P=0.003), the pRNFL thickness was related to ppVD (b=0.883, P=0.001), and significant correlations were also found between ppVD and pRNFL thickness in the superior and inferior sectors (r=0.946, P<0.001; r=0.680, P=0.031).

Conclusions:
OCTA provided detailed visualization of the peripapillary and macular retinal capillary rarefaction predominating near larger vessels, correlated with visual acuity loss and pRNFL thickness thin in affected eyes of NAION whose disease course was more than 3 months. The sparser the ppVD of the affected eye is, the more likely NAION is to develop, and the poorer visual acuity is correlated with thinner pRNFL and sparser of SCP wiVD.

Key words:
optic neuropathy, ischemic; regional blood flow; retinal ganglion cells; optical coherence tomography


F OR many years now, the U.S. Department of Defense has expended great effort to develop an integrated intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) defense system through a layered, defense in depth strategy. An ICBM's speed and altitude leave little room for error by the defender, and any strategy must include systems capable of defeating a ballisticmissile (BM) at each of its three distinct phases (boost, midcourse, and terminal), which theMissile Defense Agency labels the engagement sequence groups (ESG) [1]. It is the portion of the effort directed toward the boost phase of the Ballistic Missile Defense Programs that is the focus of this Note. The boost-phase ESG is concerned with developing methods and technologies to conduct boost-phase intercept (BPI). Intercepting a missile in its boost phase is the ideal solution for a ballistic missile defense, because the missile is very vulnerable during this phase of its flight. The missile is relatively slow while struggling to overcome gravity, has a very visible exhaust plume, and cannot deploy countermeasures. Yet, the challenges that need to be overcome are immense: countering the large and changing acceleration rates, reliable scanning and tracking, and very short reaction time are among the most daunting. A variety of weapon systems are under development for conducting BPI, including airborne lasers, spacebased intercept missiles, and ground-based intercept missiles. None of these systems is totally operational, though several look promising [1–3]. A missile's guidance law is one of the largest single factors affecting its ability to intercept a target. Yet,when discussingmission success in the BPI ESG, intercepting the target is only one factor; another major consideration is the ability to kill the target, using the available kinetic energy as effectively as possible. This suggests the need to control the geometry of the interception [4]. The discussion of the existing approaches aswell as the genericmodels of ICBMand interceptor used in this study can be found in [5]. One of the findings of that paper is the constraint on the intercept altitude. As is well known, an endoatmospheric missile has a hard time maneuvering at high altitudes due to the low density of the surrounding atmosphere. Thus, the maximum allowable intercept value of 50–60 km is considered as the upper limit. The BM thrust model assuming the sharp drops at 130 and 240 s to represent the staging events suggests that 50–60-km altitude will be achieved between 130 and 140 s [5]. This is one of the most significant limitations on the BPI problem, because any station activelymonitoring the launch areawill still need 45–60 s to detect, track, analyze, and engage the target [3]. In the current study, simulations assume a 60-s delay in the interceptor launch, leaving about only 70–80 s for intercept per se. This Note does not address the question of achieving operationability for various engagement scenarios, but rather offers an approach to rapidly compute intercept trajectories in case it is possible in principle. To this end, Sec. II develops and describes the essence of a new direct-method-based guidance law continuously calculated onboard the missile as a complete solution of a two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP), and Sec. III presents some simulation results and discusses the feasibility of employing the proposed guidance law in the real-world conditions.


Single-crystal Al2O3 films have been epitaxially grown on Si (111) substrates despite a lattice mismatch of more than 30%. The oxide was electron-beam evaporated from a high-purity sapphire source. The structural and morphological studies carried out by x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, with the initial epitaxial growth observed by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction show that the oxide films as thin as 3.8 nm have the cubic γ-phase with a very uniform thickness and a high structural perfection. The film surface is very smooth with a roughness of 0.12 nm and the oxide∕Si interface is atomically sharp. The γ-Al2O3 films are well aligned with Si substrate with an orientation relationship of Si(111)∕∕Al2O3(222), Si[220]∕∕Al2O3[440].


Background: Prior studies have shown that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of mortality. However, there is limited data investigating the association between CRF and incident c...


The authors trace the connections between multigenerational participatory action research and relational approaches to shared leadership, illustrating how the collective production of knowledge through research builds youth leadership capacity.


Natural vegetation and wetlands in regions of the Western Cape are being replaced by agricultural development. Previous studies on one such region  the Koue Bokkeveld, a high mountainous region at the source of three major drainage basins, demarcated for study purposes to cover nearly 2500 km, have failed to provide a comprehensive overview of such change and its landscape outcomes. This research aimed to detect, capture, record and classify the spatial nature, extent and change dynamics of various landscape elements and functions due to change in the land cover of this region. It assembled a comprehensive spatial database by digitising existing maps, aerial photograph mosaics and satellite imagery. Land cover maps were created for three historical and land cover change analyses were performed for the interim periods. Morphological landscape images were derived from a DEM and used to explain and interpret the location of land cover types and trends in change patterns. The effects on three landscape functions were determined, namely modelled run-off production, biodiversity deduced from landscape pattern structure and SANBI ratings, and carbon storage potential based on published figures. The research found that the regional landscape has undergone substantive land cover change , since the reference state. Increased intensity and productivity of agriculture and its related infrastructure increased its coverage to nearly 45 000 ha or 20 % of the total area. Perennial agriculture (nearly 10 000 ha of orchards and plantations) and annual (intensive vegetable growing and diminishing cereal crops) agriculture, accompanied by improved enabling infrastructure, such as irrigation technology (large storage dams, pipelines, micro delivery modes), transportation, roads, product cooling and packing plants, have extensively replaced natural vegetation. Located in valley bottoms and along toe-slope locations, where they compete for space directly with expanding and constantly intensifying agricultural activities, wetlands, shale fynbos and renosterveld face complete replacement. Land use and land cover changes have profoundly affected landscape functioning. Modelled rainfall run-off has increased (2% overall) in most subregions, opening possibilities for sedimentation and erosion. A high degree of fragmentation of the vulnerable and affected vegetation types threatens biodiversity. Increased carbon storage in perennial agriculture offers a benefit of change, as opposed to the negative outcomes on biodiversity of change in the Koue Bokkeveld. The research recommends improved institutional provision of the data required for system and regional modelling of processes like run-off in developing communities and for meeting the requirements of more sophisticated and accurate landscape models. Improved availability and appropriateness of GIT software solutions to conduct regional research and the use of more Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


A thorough review of several sources of information is carried out with the aim of designing a manual instruction and makes more didactic teaching following an incomplete theoretical body. The aim is to provide the medical community with a therapeutic approach ophthalmic conditions from the Traditional and Natural Medicine from treatment protocols, which becomes better quality of life and allows the progressive improvement of the Cuban health system, by having this study material and consultation that will support teaching, assistance and research in this regard contributes to the promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases.


Open innovation represents a crucial concept for a firm's innovation and overall success. However, some firms are severely struggling in managing open innovation processes. Up to now, research has ...


Reliability of solder joints is essential to electronic packaging since they provide both the mechanical and electrical connections at PCB level assembly. Several efforts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of traditional Sn60-Pb40 solder alloys by adding small amounts of alloy elements, such as Ag, Sb, Cu, Pd, etc. (Vaynman et al., 1998; Takemoto et al., 1997; Devore, 1982). Although the provided experimental data illustrated the effect of improvements, the corresponding modification mechanism had been little discussed. In this work, a small amount of rare earth element La was added to Sn60-Pb40 solder in order to improve the reliability of solder joints without increasing the melting point. High temperature tensile tests of solder alloys and thermal fatigue tests of solder joints were conducted to validate the improvement. SEM observation further clarified the corresponding microstructure modification. Finally, the effect of adding small amount of La was deeply studied based upon thermodynamic models and eutectic growth kinetics.


Submitted for the DNP06 Meeting of The American Physical Society A New Large-area Muon Telescope Detector at Mid-rapidity at RHIC GUOJI LIN, Yale University, ZHANGBU XU, Brookhaven National Laboratory, STAR COLLABORATION — μ particle identification at middle and high pT range is crucial for many interesting physics in heavy ion collision experiment, like the dimuon continuum, the quarkonia production, and the Drell-Yan process. Due to the electromagnetic nature of interaction, μ carries information with direct sensitivity to the early stage of the high-energy nuclear collision before chemical freezeout. More importantly, μ is a background free probe compared to electron with no photon conversion background and much less Dalitz decay. A large-area Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) at mid-rapidity at RHIC is proposed and under investigation. In this talk the simulation of μ detection and hadron rejection will be shown. The preliminary result of the first test in run 6 p+p collisions will be discussed. A significant enhancement of high pT charged particles is achieved in this test run. Finally the plans for future upgrade will be presented. Guoji Lin Yale University Date submitted: 30 Jun 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Flake-shaped FeCuNbSiB particles were fabricated by ball milling the annealed ribbons. The composites of flake particles/paraffin wax were prepared with and without rotational orientation in an applied magnetic field. The complex permeability of the composites was measured in the frequency range of 0.1–18 GHz. The oriented composite showed higher permeability and resonance frequency compared with the unoriented one, while its value of (μ0−1)fr reached 128.9 GHz and exceeded the Snoek's limit. Considering random and uniform distribution of the flake planes of the particles in the unoriented and oriented composites, respectively, the real part and imaginary part of the complex permeability of the composites were calculated using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation and Bruggeman's effective medium theory. The calculated results were basically in agreement with the experimental data.


Colonic lipomas are usually incidental findings during colonoscopy. Lipomas ≥4 cm can cause obstruction and intussusception. Surgical resection is often recommended in these instances [1, 2]. However, endoscopic resection of larger lipomas has been reported previously using PolyLoop-assisted unroofing technique, snare catheter unroofing/resection, and placement of endoclips prior to resection [3]. Here, we describe a novel technique for endoscopic debulking of a large colonic lipoma. A 63-year-old man with a known large colonic lipoma causing recurrent intussusception presented with abdominal pain. He had previously declined surgery. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated an 8-cm fat-containingmass in the ascending colon. Colonoscopy showed a large trilobed mass in the ascending colon with areas of ulceration, occluding the entire lumen of the colon (▶Fig. 1). The patient refused surgery, and after multidisciplinary discussion, the decision was made to attempt endoscopic resection. A colonoscopy was performed, and attempts to place a PolyLoop (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) around the mass were unsuccessful due to the size and smoothness of the mass. Therefore, the decision was made to use an endoscopic submucosal dissection knife to perform a mucosal incision on the surface of the lesion to expose the underlying fatty tissue (▶Fig. 2 a). The lipoma was eventually exposed, and the fatty tissue was resected piecemeal with a snare (▶Fig. 2b). The lipoma was significantly debulked with resolution of the patient's abdominal pain. Repeat colonoscopy was performed after 8 weeks, and the lesion was significantly smaller. Debulking was performed again using the same technique. As the size of the lesion was significantly reduced compared with the original lipoma, two PolyLoops could be successfully placed over the lesion, allowing sloughing of the remainder of the lesion. Further colonoscopy after 6 months showed significant improvement in luminal narrowing (▶Fig. 3, ▶Video 1). The patient had no recurrence of intussusception at the 6-month follow-up.


Marilynne Robinson's Gilead (2007), a meditative letter written by an aging minister, probes the need for forgiveness and grace. George Bernanos's The Diary of a Country Priest (1936) pictures the suffering and sacrifice of an unnamed young priest in his attempt to open his parishioner's heart to the love of God. Both novelists explore themes such as forgiveness, love, peace, faith, and grace. This paper first discusses the prevalent Christian themes in these novels, and the ways each novelist presents the saving and life-giving power of God's grace in healing and restoring human soul, and then compares their treatment of these issues. The Protestant Robinson's sensibility regarding these religious themes seems very similar to that of the Catholic Bernanos. Indeed, the American writer seems to be considerably influenced by her French predecessor


Individuals may regard reproduction as optional but sufficient numbers must be productive to perpetuate the species. Fertility is surprisingly vulnerable and depends, inter alia, on a limited endowment of oocytes, controlled proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells and the genetic integrity of germ cells of both sexes, which is maintained by detoxification, repair and apoptosis. Premature, irreversible gonadal failure can be caused by various cytotoxins, disease and infection, genetic predisposition and ageing: reproductive technology is responding with an ensemble of strategies to offset fertility attenuation. Semen cryopreservation, pioneered over 50 years ago, is a routine safeguard for adult males, but no such option exists for prepubertal boys. Cryopreservation of testicular biopsies offers opportunities to recolonize sterile seminiferous tubules by transferring stem cells or to produce mature spermatozoa in subcutaneously implanted tubules so that an ICSI procedure can be attempted. Embryo banking has been attempted by female patients for the chance of pregnancy from oocytes collected from their own ovaries before sterilizing treatment and, increasingly, the oocytes themselves will be cryopreserved. Frozen banking of ovarian tissue too has potential for clinical applications, especially in younger patients whose ovaries contain abundant follicles. Progress is being made towards complete development of follicular oocytes in vitro but, at present, grafting is the only practicable option for restoring fertility from frozen–thawed ovarian tissue. Although cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues are already becoming established, in vivo preservation will be a key goal in the future when the implications of inhibiting apoptosis for oocyte quality are better understood. GnRH analogues are claimed to protect germ cells from the sterilizing effects of alkylating agents and ionizing radiation, and knocking out the bax gene can protect small follicles from both cytotoxins and programmed cell death in prepubertal animals. There is even the theoretical possibility of retarding follicle recruitment in adult ovaries so that a larger store of primordial follicles persists at older ages. These efforts are spurred on by evidence that the reproductive system is both flexible and tolerant to manipulation. There must be no slowing of effort to avoid lifestyles, medications and working environments that harm fertility, but technology is increasingly able to bypass their impact, and some of the benefits could apply to endangered species, rare breeds and transgenic animals as well as to patients.


Substantial benefits of a full authority digital electronic engine control on an air breathing engine were demonstrated repeatedly in simulation studies, ground engine tests, and engine altitude test facilities. A digital engine electronic control system showed improvements in efficiency, performance, and operation. An additional benefit of full authority digital controls is the capability of detecting and correcting failures and providing engine health diagnostics.


The Ordinary National Educational Test (O-NET), the national examination in Thailand, plays as a high-stakes test at an upper secondary school level as it can be used as a tool for several purposes in education such as gatekeepers for the university entry and measures for the teaching quality evaluation. English, out of the five core subjects in the O-NET, is believed to result in a high degree of washback effects for both teachers and students. Teachers and students are eagerly seeking how to reach high scores by mainly concentrating on the test-wiseness strategies, although the goal of English language teaching in Thailand is aimed at developing the English ability concerning both linguistics and communication. With respect to the English O-NET, this study aims to explore what Thai EFL teachers at an upper secondary school level think about the English test in the O-NET. The mixed-methods approach was employed to attain the research objective. A hundred teachers completed the questionnaires and 10 of them took part in the follow-up interviews. The main findings revealed that the majority of teachers were not satisfied with the English O-NET although they tended to focus on the test paper and taught to the test due to some pressures from other stakeholders in educational settings. The findings suggested that the test should include other aspects of language skills, such as listening and speaking, to avoid dependence on rote-learning and memorisation Some implications are also discussed in this study.


Abstract The reaction of CuBr2 with 2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine and HBr in aqueous solution gave as the major product (2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine)bromocopper(I) (1) in 58% isolated yield. Compound 1 crystallizes as small orange blocks in the rare space group 14mm. Crystal data for 1 are: tetragonal. space group: 14mm, a = b= 15.646(3), c = 6.705(3) A, V = 1641.3(8) A3 Z = 8. Dcale = 2.634 Mg/m3, μ = 12.334 mm−1, F(OOO) =1216, MoKa (λ. = 0.71073 A˚). R = 0.0322 for [|I| 2σ(I)] and R = 0.0420 for all 343 unique reflections and 70 parameters. The structure exists as a firee-dimensional coordination polymer with sheets of pyrimidine bridged copper atoms, parallel to the ab-crystal plane, bridged by bromine atoms roughly parallel to the c-axis.


Radial submarine sand ridges are large- sized sandy accumulation bodies in offshore area of northern Jiangsu. Because of their complicated hydrodynamic environment and geomorphology,it is very difficult to obtain the field investigation data. This paper is based on the color and texture reflected on the remote sensing image, Geomorphologic mapping was conducted in combination with the measured terrain data and historical charts as well as the historical geomorphological map. In addition,the spatial characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the use of remote sensing images to draw the geomorphologic map of radial submarine sand ridges can provide practical and reliable scientific basis not only for the study of the geomorphologic structure but also for the development and utilization of spatial resources.


In this study, adsorption technique was employed for removal Methyl Red dye. Methyl red dye is azobenzenecarboxylic acid which is well known used in paper printing and textile dyeing. Increasing of usage dyes has shown increasing of pollution in water where it give severely effect to human health and aquatic life. The adsorption of Methyl Red dye was carried out using agriculture waste which is coconut (Cococ nucifera) coir to optimize the effect of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH and determine the efficiency of raw and activated carbon of coconut coir in removing methyl red dye. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various parameters: (contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH), on adsorption capacity of methyl red dye. The results showed that raw coconut coir removed methyl red at maximum capacity at 40 minutes while activated carbon at 20 minutes. Both the adsorbents have removed the dye at highest capacity was at 20 mg/L and pH 2. While the dosage were different where the raw coconut coir at 0.05 g while activated carbon at 0.1g. Coconut coir activated carbon was found to be more effective than raw coconut coir as adsorbent in removing methyl red dye where it remove 50% until 80% while raw coconut coir only removed about 40% until 60%.


Rhaponticun carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin is a rare medicinal plant listed in the Red List of the Russian Federation. Spatial patterns of its reserves were studied for the monitoring and protection of wild populations at the Kuznetsk Alatau. The dependence of population abundance on environmental factors was revealed by geobotanical profiles. We derived the equation of nonlinear regression for rapid method of determining the weight of subsurface parts by counting the number of shoots. To assess rapidly and monitor the natural reserves we developed a mathematical model describing the abundance of R. carthamoides and its habitat altitude.
Key words: Rhaponticun carthamoides, conservation, environmental factors, abundance

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The conservator as a performing artist metaphor, suggested by  Carolusa Gonzalez Tirado, is acknowledged as an improvement  over the classical metaphor of the conservator-as-artist.  However, there is an inherent danger in suggesting that conservation  is an artistically creative activity: this would mean  that the conservator would, or indeed should, transform an  object according to his or her personal aesthetic views –even  though that transformation may directly affect other people;  and in spite of the fact that, in many cases, the object may not  have been originally conceived of as an artistic work at all.


The numerical method for earthquake response analyses of soil-pile-building is presented. The hysteresis model considering both the material nonlinearity and the geometrical nonlinearity, which means the gap at the soil-pile interface, is proposed. The soil-pile-building system is modeled as the spring-mass model. The pile group is condensed into a single pile. In order to evaluate the soil resistance when applying the subgrade reaction to the pile, soil springs are equipped around the pile. The initial stiffness of the soil spring is calculated by the threedimensional thin layer formulation. The soil spring provided the proposed hysteresis model is laid on both sides of the pile. To represent the material nonlinearity of the soil springs, the hyperbolic curve, Masing's rule and the Modified Ramberg-Osgood Model are used. The hyeteresis model also can consider the adhesive force between the pile and the surrounding soil properly.


C-Commerce (Collaborative Commerce) is the new generation of business pattern. In CCommerce, Enterprises need to collaborate closely with each other, the basis of which is mutual understanding and knowledge sharing. The characteristics and requirements of knowledge sharing in C-Commerce are: complex, open and prolific. This article developed a knowledgesharing framework based on semantic web and the associated process of knowledge sharing


Time-variant video quality evaluation for mobile networks With low-rate video services over packet networks, the topic of video quality measuring gained on importance. In the presence of packet loss, the video quality becomes highly time-variant. The subjective quality evaluation is in general correlated with the metrics based on the difference between the degraded sequence and the reference. However, it can differ significantly in some cases, thus it provides limited means for the appropriate quality estimation. In this work we focus on the relation between the peak to signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the mean opinion score for the video streams with time-variant quality. Later, we studied simple human perception rules and used them to correct the PSNR accordingly, to achieve suitable subjective quality estimation, based on objective parameters. We compared the results from our metric with the mean opinion score (MOS) obtained from subjective tests. We focused on a mobile terminal and a video application. Thus, we performed assessments on mobile terminals using our proposed methodology which was derived from recommendation ITU-R BT 500. The results showed considerable improvement of the estimation quality with respect to the PSNR. IV Čestné prehlásenie Prehlasujem, že som túto prácu vypracoval sám a inú ako uvedenú literatúru som nepoužíval.


Allgather is an important MPI collective communication. Most of the algorithms for allgather have been designed for homogeneous and tightly coupled systems. The existing algorithms for allgather on Gridsystems do not efficiently utilize the bandwidths available on slow wide-area links of the grid. In this paper, we present an algorithm for allgather on grids that efficiently utilizes wide-area bandwidths and is also wide-area optimal. Our algorithm is also adaptive to gridload dynamics since it considers transient network characteristics for dividing the nodes into clusters. Our experiments on a real-grid setup consisting of 3 sites show that our algorithm gives an average performance improvement of 52% over existing strategies.


SUMMARY: The effects of muscle tenderness classification and of aging muscle postmortem on ATPase activity and superprecipitation of natural actomyosin were studied. Actomyosin from muscle 12- and 24-hr postmortem had higher ATPase activity than that from 0-hr, 5-day aged or 10-day aged muscle. However, ATPase activity did not usually return to the 0-hr level. No consistent differences were found in actomyosin ATPase activity after the various periods of aging for actomyosins from tough and tender muscle. Superprecipitation of actomyosin was used as a measure of contractility. Actmyosin from 12- and 24-hr postmortem muscle superprecipitated faster than that from 0-hr muscle. However, actomyosin from 5 and 10-day aged muscle superprecipitated less rapidly than that from 12- and 24-hr postmortem muscle. Superprecipitation was more rapid in actomyosin from tough muscle than tender muscle at low KCI concentrations, but this was not true at high KCI concentrations. This observation suggested that actomyosin from tough muscle had a stronger interaction or higher amounts of some protein factor such as α-actinin than did tender muscle.


A recent work [13] described the Hayabusa2-TIR measurements of the Earth and the Moon before and after the Earth swing-by on 3 December 2015. Based on these measurements, it was possible to predict and characterize the TIR detectability of Ryugu (and potential moons) during the Hayabusa2 spacecraft approach phase in June 2018. We use the TIR lunar observations to establish an independent flux calibration which allows to convert the observed 10-μm TIR signals of Ryugu (during the approach phase in June 2018) into accurate flux densities. The TIR observations also include two full thermal lightcurves taken on June 7 and June 18, 2018. We interprete these Hayabusa-2 approach-phase TIR measurements, as well as all existing pre-mission thermal-IR measurements (Spitzer-IRS/-IRAC, Subaru-COMICS, AKARI-IRC, WISE, Herschel-PACS) with thermophysical model concepts. We also discuss our results in the context of radiometric studies for near-Earth objects in general.


The Spanish-American War marked a turning point in American history. For the first time in U.S. history, American soldiers were fighting overseas. After the war, the United States gained its first imperial territories. America's new position in the world created a new rhetorical exigence that called for a redefinition of the American people and the United States itself. This dissertation explores this transitional moment and the foreign policy rhetoric of William McKinley in three separate chapters—McKinley's rhetoric about the Spanish-American War, the redefinition of the American people, and redefinition of the country. Defending his decision to enter the war, McKinley used the ideograph of civilization, framing the war in moral terms for the country. By winning the war and adopting a rhetoric of civilization, McKinley socialized the United States into the great power club. In redefining the American people, McKinley appealed to the values of patriotism and unity, employing the rhetorical trope of the citizen-soldier as the embodiment of these two values. The citizen-soldier trope privileged white males, while women and minorities were downplayed in McKinley's conception of citizenship. In redefining the country, McKinley employed the trope of American exceptionalism. Here, McKinley redefined the nation from a primarily exemplarist nation to an interventionist state. Rewriting American history, McKinley demonstrated how the nation had always expanded and this latest expansion was America's natural progression as God's chosen people. The dissertation concludes by examining McKinley's rhetorical legacy, how he set the discursive boundaries for future presidents, and his place in the rhetorical presidency.


A method of changing in size of a three-dimensional (3D) image using a Fourier transform hologram (FTH) or a periodic FTH is described. Here, the periodic FTH is made for information reduction in hologram by superimposing a number of identical FTHs. The second hologram for reconstruction of magnified 3D images is reproduced by connecting a number of small holograms clipped from the original FTH or from the periodic FTH. Numerical calculations and experiments using the computer-generated hologram (CGH) have show that numbers of rays of light illuminated from the second hologram produce a magnified similar 3D image. Distortion of the image owing to the magnification can be avoided by reconstructing the image from a number of small holograms. Resolution, which depends on the magnifying power of the image and on the size of small holograms, is estimated by the numerical calculation.


An important "observable" of planar N = 4 SYM theory is the scaling function f(λ) that appears in the anomalous dimension of large spin twist 2 operators and also in the cusp anomaly of light-like Wilson loop. The non-trivial relation between the anomalous dimension and the Wilson loop interpretations of f(λ) is well-understood on the perturbative gauge theory side of the AdS/CFT duality. In the first part of this paper we present the dual string-theory counterpart of this relation, i.e. the equivalence between the closed-string and the open-string origins of f(λ). We argue that the coefficient of the logS term in the energy of the closed string with large spin S in AdS5 should be equal to the coefficient in the logarithm of expectation value of the null cusp Wilson loop, to all orders in λ−1/2 expansion. The reason is that the corresponding minimal surfaces happen to be related by a conformal transformation (and an analytic continuation). As a check, we explicitly compute the leading 1-loop string sigma model correction to the cusp Wilson loop, reproducing the same subleading coefficient in f(λ) as found earlier in the spinning closed string case. The same function f(λ) appears also in the resummed form of the 4-gluon amplitude as discussed at weak coupling by Bern, Dixon and Smirnov and recently found at the leading order at strong coupling by Alday and Maldacena (AM). Here we attempt to extend the latter approach to a subleading order in λ−1/2 by computing the IR singular part of the 1-loop string correction to the corresponding T-dual Wilson loop. We discuss explicitly the 1-cusp case and comment on apparent problems with the dimensional regularization proposal of AM when directly applied order by order in strong coupling (string inverse tension) expansion. firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Also at Lebedev Institute, Moscow. email@example.com


In the old system of care, primary care physicians were the Jacks (and Jills) of all trades. They managed chronic disease, provided urgent care, and ensured preventive care. Over the past several decades, society has changed. While the population has aged, the physician workforce has not grown proportionally, and costs have risen. Meanwhile, nonphysician providers, guided by sound algorithms, have been shown to deliver straightforward chronic disease management and urgent care that is similar or better in quality and cost than that provided by physicians. Time-limited physician outpatient visits are now dominated by pressing acute care issues that overshadow preventive care. Facing increasing demands and decreasing payment, a new system of primary care is emerging, one grounded in interprofessional practice and population management. How, then, should the physician workforce adapt to provide primary care to an aging, ailing, and expanding population in this new system?


Human capital plays a significant role in stimulating growth of the innovativeness and competitiveness in the contemporary economy. Uneven spatial distribution of human capital strengthens the divergence process among national and regional economies. The paper portrays the role of human capital in the contemporary economy and presents the analysis of the distribution of human capital in Polish regions. The results of the analysis, based on the constructed synthetic regional human capital index indicate significant disparities in the examined field. Moreover, the high correlation between human and economic development on the regional level confirms feedbacks occurring between them.


andtwoclinical type bstrains, thecapsulation locus hadasingle copyofthis 17-kb segment, together with1.3kbofDNAidentified aslying between therepeats oftheduplicated locus. This1.3kbappears tobecrucial forcapsule production, since strains lacking it, although retaining a17-kb segment, werecapsule deficient. Oncomparing capsule polysaccharide production bythese three typebstrains withthatbya prototypic type bstrain withaduplicated locus, agenedosage effect wasdemonstrated, withahalving of detectable polysaccharide inthesingle-copy strains. Despite this reduction inpolysaccharide, these strains retained virulence potential asevidenced bybacteremia andmeningitis ininfant rats. Aswell assubserving augmented capsule polysaccharide production, aduplicated configuration ofthetype bcaplocus endows strains withgenetic instability notfoundincapsulate single-copy variants. We speculate thatasurvival advantage mightbeconferred onstrains carrying aduplication atthis locus asaresult ofgenedosage, the genetic instability ofthelocus, orboth.


The invention discloses a method for prompting a user. The method is applied to an electronic device. The method includes that a solar azimuth at current moment and an optical axis direction angle of a lens on the electronic device are obtained, reference directions of the optical axis direction angle and the solar azimuth are the same, a current shooting angle is obtained on the basis of the solar azimuth and the optical axis direction angle, a to-be-adjusted angle is determined on the basis of the current shooting angle, and the user is prompted to make an adjustment on the basis of the to-be-adjusted angle. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses the electronic device.


SECTION A: THEATRE COMPANIES SECTION B: LONDON PLAYHOUSES SECTION C: OTHER PLAYING SPACES SECTION D: SOCIAL PRACTICES SECTION E: EVIDENCE OF THEATRICAL PRACTICES


During convalescence (a very painful stage) thlere was; much trouble from flatulence and constipation, for which hot l)oultices and injections of hlot water and oil mixed were administered. A curious tihough distressing sensation at this time arose froml intense itcliness of the back and arms. The diet co,nisted lrinlcip)aily of milk withi plain rutsks, chicken tea, piuddings witih finelystewe(l lio. antd lrutnes, and brandy. This elase is an instance of the complicatiot of tlle rh(eumatic affection with parotitis. The latter was of a lniot severe character, suppuration being at one time apparenitly iimminent. and the p)atient's life in extreme danger. At this date (July, i888) he is almost quite well iln every respect except that there is still somie lingering stiffness, especially about his linger-joints. (lie lhas since had some pain in his back.) C{AsE iv.-J. K., agedl 74, was first attacked in April, 188G, with pain in his left leg. lIaving nevetr had an attack of anything like rheumatism lbefore, he thouglht it a sprain, and tlthat withl a little rest it would wear off. lie gave it a rest, but it still remained. It next extended dowin his leg, anid lie was afterwards seized in thle othler thlighl, and in the coutrse of a week or two it textended (lawn to the leg, and foot. It was accompanied withl a little swelling fromi the first, but h,ow the swellilg inl creasedl. As it got worse from day to day, he lihad to liet int bed, lnot being able to walk or standl. In lbed it increasted. laying hold of his arms, shoulders, and lhands, which swelled .and stiffened, a(nd lost strength so much that hlie could iiot put hlis hland( to his mouthl. and had to be fed at meals like a chlil(l. lie could not bear his hlands to rest on hIis lbody, or one leg or foot to touch tlhe other, for fear of causing a burniing sensation. After the disease had passed its climax, and lie gained sifficient strength to be able to rise, he saw that hle was a skeleton of his former self. Fat and muscle were gene; the bones protruded; his joints were (iry and stiff. When eating, his jaw-bones crackedl. Even yettwo years after recovery-he sometimes feels this cracking sensation in his knee nl shoulder joints whlen using them excessively; and sometimies, as if not quite extinguished, liI his toes and fingers, when warm in bed, he feels the heat of the old fire. llis appetite continluedl mnoderately goodl all thlrotrughl, whicl, with good sleep, sustained him. lie hadl not much paiii whlen lie lay without moving in bed, nor when hle sat up in a chair; only when lieh moved or excite( himnself it troubled him.. He can now walk nearly as well as ever, thlough of course hlis strength is reduced(l. Ile attTributes, as tlhe cause of his complaint, exposuLre to cold weathler: but lhe lives i,l a low, damp locality, away from the sun. IIe was studious, and took too little exercise. No anti-gouty remedies proved[ of any service. Evidently tonics were most called for, but time was his great restorer. CASE v.-P. R., aged 71, was seized in April, 187, wvith severe rheumatism inhIis armis, begiInning in the right, anid by-andbye affecting the left. It came on after being heated and getting chilled. He had not suffered from rheumatism previously, except that he had a slharp attack of lumbago about twenty years ago, which lasted for four weeks. Tlhe shoulderjoints were the articulations chliefly affected. When he put himself iunder my care the pain, especially onl the left side, was exceedingly acute, and interfered greatly with his night's rest. lie hliad an aniixious expression, and wvas depressed in spirits. Sulphlur water was prescribed internally, and hot dotuching and massage to his shoulder-joints. The massage wvas too vigorously and atbrultly applied, contrary to my instrucetions, and the pain increased rather tlhan dlecreased. Of the valute of massage, jil(liciously carried oit, aftter inflammatory symptoms have subsided, there can ie no doubt; but I hlave leariled froml experience tllhat lhere, as well as in purely traumatic cases, as is so well shlown l)by Thomas, nothling is to be ultimately gained by any form of cowtp. After hle left Strrathpeffer, improvemient gradually set in, and in the course of the winter he got rid of his pain almost entirely, though there wa.s stiffness of the shloulderjoint and(l occasional aching. lie is now again almost quite well. GEtNERIATL RrmARKs.-I feel that I have been scarcely able to prove nmy contention that these acute senile cases belong to a different category from gout and rheumatism on the onie haaiid and rheumatoid arthritis on the other;yet, if I lhave succeeded in drawing the attention of medical men generally to a remarkable type of disease-remnarkable in its severity alnd complete curability even at a very advanced time of life-I1 shall, I hope, be pardoned for dilating on the well-worn subjects of gout and rheumatism. CASES ILLUSTRATIVE OF RENAl, SURGERY.


Preface: Waiting for Leroy ixAcknowledgments xiIntroduction 11 A Foot Deep in the Culture: The Thug Knowledge(s) of A Man Called Hawk 132 "My Passport Says Shawn": Toward a Hip-Hop Cosmopolitanism 353 The Block Is Hot: Legibility and Loci in The Wire 874 R. Kelly's Closet: Shame, Desire, and the Confessions of a (Postmodern) Soul Man 1175 Fear of a Queer Soul Man: The Legacy of Luther Vandross 143Postscript: Looking for Denzel, Finding Barack 169Notes 181Index 197About the Author 207


The self-ditlusion coefficient D = De exp( —() /RT) for solid argon has been measured in thin specimens of large grain size by a tracer technique. The results, Dp=0.2+p. 14 '3~ cm~ sec ' and Q =3600+150 cal mole ', are lower than those obtained in previous investigations. The value of Q agrees reasonably well with a twobody absolute-rate calculation for vacancy migration, but not with calculations based on divacancy or interstitial mechanisms. The results suggest that vacancy diffusion takes place, and that many-body forces in solid argon are either very small, or else may satisfactorily be accounted for in an empirical twobody potential.


Assessment of risk of a fragility fracture is a vital step a physician needs to undertake in every patient suspected of osteoporosis, as this will influence the decisions on whether to treat with a pharmacological agent, with which drug, and for how long. After risk stratification, patients deemed Very High-Risk should be considered for an anabolic agent, or if this is not feasible, a parenteral anti-resorptive. High- Risk or Moderate-Risk patients may be considered for oral bisphosphonates.


Water resources have characteristics of tendency and persistence. The Kendall analysis and Hurst index are applied to analyze the tendency and persistence of natural runoff in the 15 sub-regions of the Yellow River Basin during 1951-1998. The results show that the two characteristics are different in various sub-regions. For example, the annual runoff and runoff in flood-season that have passed the significance test not only have a decrease trend, but also persistence to a certain extent.


We investigated the performance of the latest burst-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (BM-EDFA) for uplink transmission of radio-over-fiber signals by using the long-term evolution advanced format. The new BM-EDFA was designed to have high linearity in the high output power range. Compared with conventional EDFAs, we observed lower error vector magnitudes over a wide range of optical input power.


We first came together at the Human-Animal Studies Summer Institute Program in the summer of 2017. Hosted by the Animals and Society Institute and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, this symposium was an opportunity to hear from and ask questions of people in the field of human-animal studies, to give and receive feedback on works in progress from colleagues in a range of fields, to see and listen to examples of animal-centered art, to visit a local goat farm, and to engage with the multitude of species found in Champaign, Illinois. Many encounters took place at this event. Early career scholars mingled with people who helped to build the field of human-animal studies. Academics who frequently work within traditional fields of study collaborated across disciplinary boundaries. The fine arts met the humanities. The hard sciences met the social sciences. Artists, musicologists, literary critics, gender studies scholars, historians, sociologists, political scientists, veterinarians, equine therapists, lawyers, and many more were working together in the same space. Those who primarily identify as researchers joined academics whose main identity is that of teacher. Some considered themselves activists first. Vegans and vegetarians dined at the same tables as pescatarians and meat-eaters. We all encountered nonhuman life: the companion dogs who came to visit with people who lived nearby; the goats and dog at the aforementioned farm; an injured owl and falcon from a local wildlife rescue; the snake brought in by a member of the group; the fireflies or lightning bugs that were a phenomenal new sight for some participants from other countries; the campus squirrels; the dead baby rabbit found on a sidewalk that a colleague decided to bury; and for some of us, the food on our plates. With all these encounters, slippages occurred between humans and nonhuman animals, between fields of study,


Section 1 Radiometrics This part is quite boring, but it is necessary to well define the quantities at stake : their definition are non-intuitive at all and lead to easy mistakes. Moreover, many authors have their own definition / notations of some quantities, making it even more confusing. The following quantities are considered in this section: Radiant flux, Radiant exitance, Irradiance, Radiant intensity, Radiance, Optical étendue, Absorption coefficient, Absorptivity and Absorption rate


The electronic tongue technology is a new analytical method for liquids which was greatly developed from 1980 s.It mainly consists of sensor array,signal processing and pattern recognition.This work mainly introduced the application of the electron tongue in the dairy products in the domestic and foreign countries.It elaborated the electronic tongue applied in quality control of the dairy products.The prospect of electronic tongue was also discussed.


An essential role of information in microscopic thermodynamics (e.g. Maxwell's demon) opens a challenging question if there exists a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics based only on pure information ideas. Here, such a formulation is suggested for unitary processes by introducing information as a full-valuable physical quantity defining an (objective) microscopic information entropy as 'information about microstate'. We show that various forms of entropy (Boltzmann, Shannon, Clausius) are in fact only a special cases of information entropy whose general form is found out. An observer plays here the role of a special (information) reference frame (IRF) towards which the entropy is defined. Some paradoxes or misunderstandings connected with the concept of entropy or the content of the second law arise by describing a situation without specifying a concrete IRF. Typically, the Boltzmann statistical approach cannot be symmetrically used towards the past as towards the future in one IRF. The information second law is full usable at meso- or microscopic scales: the information form of the generalized second law is found out too.


A feeding trial with a duration of 12 weeks was conducted to determine the effects of various protein levels, in relation to diet digestibility and growth of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Four experimental fish meal/wheat meal based diets (A,B,C,D) containing 400, 450, 500 and 550 g kg−1 protein, respectively, were tested. The increase of the fishmeal content of the diet led to an increment of dry matter digestibility. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and lipids were always very high (being near or even over 90%). Energy digestibility coefficients increased from diet A to diet D, which corresponds to a decrease in the wheat meal content of the diet. Voluntary feed intake increased with the decrease of protein content of the diet (from diet D to diet A). In the other sense, feed/gain ratio decreased regularly as protein percentage increased (from diet A to diet D). The most favourable feed/gain ratio, 1.07, was noted for the group receiving 55% protein (diet D). Fish on the lowest protein diet (Diet A) showed the highest protein efficiency ratio (PER) and the highest percentage retention of the digestible protein intake. Other than slight positive differences between fish fed diets with 500 and 550 g kg−1 protein, no significant differences were observed for growth when dietary protein exceeded 450 g kg−1. Beyond this level, no significant difference in final average individual weight was observed. Although it is generally considered that the dietary protein requirement for gilthead sea bream is 400 g kg−1, our experiment demonstrates that to obtain high growth rates (>2.3% per day), a minimum of 450 g kg−1 protein in the diet is necessary. However, the most favourable values for growth rates and feed/gain ratio are obtained with 550 g kg−1 protein in diet, considering that no significant differences were observed for PER among diets B, C and D.


Successful economic development is usually characterized by two salient phenomena: industrialization and demographic transition. Chronologically both events happen so closely to each other that historians and economists alike suspect that they are interrelated. This paper develops a theory for their interaction with a special emphasis on the different pattern and pace of transition in cross-country comparison. For that purpose it rationalizes why a population grows at high rates at geographic locations of high extrinsic mortality. This mechanism is then used to explain why both demographic transition and structural change proceed at slower speed in countries of low absolute latitudes. It is also shown that at tropical locations the pace of transition can be so slow that it sometimes looks like as if societies got stuck in the midst of the process.


Membrane dynamics of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) lipid bilayer which contains human glycophorin with an artificial boundary lipid, 1,2-dimyristoylamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine (DDPC), were investigated by ESR spin probe technique. 2-Tridecyl-2-(4-hydroxy-4-oxoundecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (5-NS), 2-octyl-2-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (8-ENP), and 2-hexyl-2-(11-methoxy-11-oxoundecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (12-MNS) were used as the spin probe to measure the fluidity in different regions and depths of the lipid bilayer membrane. Studies on lipid bilayer containing 5-NS revealed that the reconstitution of glycophorin to egg PC bilayer slightly decreased the membrane fluidity in the vicinity of membrane surface. Further addition of DDPC to this liposome brought about further decrease in the fluidity of this region. Liposomes containing 12-MNS revealed, however, that the addition of glycophorin had an opposite effect on the deep hydrophobic domain of t...


Sustainability labels, on food products, provide information to consumers that the product has been produced in an ethical and environmentally friendly way. We explore the knowledge and purchasing behaviour of the organic label and fair trade label. Secondly, we investigate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for food products bearing organic and fair trade labels. Thirdly, we examine the effects of demographic characteristics and environmental and altruistic attitudes on WTP for both organic and fair trade labels. Lastly, we evaluate the correlation in WTP for organic and fair trade labels. We draw our conclusions by analyzing a stated choice experiment on consumers' coffee buying behaviour in Flanders, Belgium. Our results suggest that knowledge of the fair trade label is higher than that of the organic label. The importance of the organic and fair trade labels on coffee purchase decisions, as well as their WTP estimates, were similar. We found a high correlation in WTP for both labels. Our results indicate significant effects of environmental and altruistic attitudes on WTP for both organic and fair trade labels as they apply to coffee.