ABSTRACT The literature on museum fatigue is critically reviewed in terms of (a) empirical studies, (b) phenomena associated with fatigue, (c) outcome measures used, and (d) possible causes of the phenomena. The review suggests that (a) fatigue should be defined in terms of both its causes and its outcomes; (b) museum fatigue is not a simple phenomenon and to understand it we need to examine the impact of all the phenomena as well as how they interact with each other; (c) at least 2 phenomena (object competition and information overload) that have been associated with "fatigue" appear to have little to do with fatigue other than share the pattern of decreased attention; (d) the 3 measures of direct observation (percent stop, viewing time, and time samples) are not highly correlated with one another; (e) added to the confusion are methodological issues, such as confounding variables and inconsistent outcomes; and finally, (f) there is a questionable relationship between overt measures of fatigue and self-report measures. More research and critical examination of these phenomena are needed if we are to understand and ameliorate the negative impact of what we call museum fatigue.


The current study aimed to describe cancer survivors' supportive care needs in Japan, to identify associated factors of unmet needs, and to describe the source of support that are preferred and actually used by cancer survivors.


Abstract The cell phone has always been the subject of constant innovation. It has become easier to use and to carry while simultaneously the price of the cell phone itself and mobile telephone rates have gone down. All these factors have driven the popularization of the cell phone market. In order to deal with the challenges of multiple services provided by the third-generation cell phone system, the low- electromagnetic wave cell phone industry dealer should improve service quality through an understanding of what consumers demand and their current level of service-satisfaction. Furthermore, by use of customer satisfied degree analysis to formulate the best possible marketing strategy, customer satisfaction should be enhanced. The following research is focused mainly on the integration of customer-relationships and brand-images and their influence on customer satisfaction. This research developed a conceptual framework, and verified this model by investigation of real-life situations. First, the influence of service quality on a customer was examined. Then an empirical analysis of the influence of the customer relationship and brand image on customer satisfaction was carried out. The subject of this empirical study is the typical cell phone consumer in the Kaohsiung area. In order to guarantee a sufficient size for the research sample, this research distributed 240 copies of a questionnaire. 195copies of the questionnaire were completed and returned, an effective return-rate of 79.5%. The questionnaire used narrate-statistics, factor-analysis, multiple-regression analysis and MANOVA to examine the interaction between all factors, and to verify the hypothesis. The actual-situation results show: 1.The quality of service in a customer-relationship has a notable/positive influence; "response" and "care" are two key factors that influence customer-relationships. 2.A healthy customer relationship has a notable/positive influence on customer satisfaction; "knowledge-excavation" and "marketing-plan" are two key factors that influence customer satisfaction. 3.Service quality has a notable/positive influence on brand image. 4.Brand image has a notable/positive influence on customer satisfaction. 5.Service quality has a notable/positive influence on customer satisfaction.


Two Soviet sprayers (ABD-2600H and EOC-5) are recommended for the disinfection of the surfaces and indoor air in the curative and prophylactic facilities. A special impetus has been given to the use of chloramine aerosols that ensure higher efficacy of disinfection, reduce the aerosol consumption and the period of the presence of active chlorine in the air of the treated place.


The problem of evaluating the performance of parallel programs generated by data-parallel compilers is studied. These compilers take as input an application written in a sequential language augmented with data distribution directives and produce a parallel version, based on the specified partitioning of data. A methodology for evaluating the relationships existing among the program characteristics, the data distribution adopted, and the performance indices measured during the program execution is described. It consists of three phases: a "static" description of the program under study, a "dynamic" description, based on the measurement and the analysis of its execution on a real system, and the construction of a workload model, by using workload characterization techniques. Following such a methodology, decisions related to the selection of the data distribution to be adopted can be facilitated. The approach is exposed through the use of the Pandore environment, designed for the execution of sequential programs on distributed memory parallel computers. It is composed of a compiler, a runtime system and tools for trace and profile generation. The results of an experiment explaining the methodology are presented.


The interactions between nitric oxide (NO), H2O2, and catalase were investigated. H2O2 did not cause detectable breakdown of NO in the absence of catalase, but did cause NO breakdown in the presence of catalase. Catalase bound NO, and NO rapidly and reversibly inhibited catalase with a Ki of 0.18 microM. The significance of these results for NO cytotoxicity is discussed.


Coetzee's latest novel is placed in the context of those other modern European literary constructions of sub-equatorial Africa that project the subcontinent as a purgatorial space beyond the pre-modern options of the infernal and paradisiacal. This high-cultural intertext, mediated by the hero's (cultivated) consciousness, should be given as much weight as the contemporary historical transformation of South Africa, which is here seen as replaying some of the motifs of its early colonial beginnings. In the old frontier territory to which Lurie goes after his 'disgrace', he encounters the new and frighteningly unmarked temporal 'frontier' of decolonization. This wider argument is then anchored textually in: (a) a description of the novel's narrative mode as a stylistic hybrid connoting a somewhat dated high modernism; and (b) the hero's habit of inwardly experimenting with the shapes and meanings of words. This verbal obsession subserves his continuing battle against the bureaucratic rationalization both of the academy and of late-modern global culture in general. The very imperfection of his protest - its compromise by his 'disgrace' - is a 'grace' of sorts, protecting him as it does from the orthodoxies of subversion. 'Africa' names an afterlife in this world, compounded at once of gratuitous violence and gratuitous revelation.


A nearly parallel beam of positive rays emerges through a cylindrical aperture in a cathode, and enters a space where the vacuum is kept high enough for gas collisions to be negligible. Experiments are carried out to decide whether the impact of neutralised atoms in the beam is able to heat a solid target to the same extent before and after their spontaneous return from excited to normal atomic state. This is done by investigating the disturbance of a bridge balance between two filaments accurately aligned across the beam at different distances along its path. With the aid of control experiments, and after elimination in the bridge of all effects common to the two wires, an excess heating is shown to occur in that filament which receives the larger proportion of atoms in excited states. The variation of this excess heating with the potential driving the discharge is found to be quantitatively in agreement with the variation of concentration of excited atoms at the different distances along the beam: this latter is calculated from Wien's experiments on the exponential decay of excited states along the path of neutralized positive rays.


The Bushveld Complex is a large magmatic province of uncertain origin. Its perceived immensity has attracted speculations of extraterrestrial origin by meteorite impact (Hamilton, 1970; Rhodes, 1975) or internal origin by mantle diapirism (Sharpe et al., 1981). Unsatisfactory as these apparently non-uniformitarian hypotheses may be, attempts to apply a uniformitarian plate tectonic hypothesis to the Bushveld Complex (Van Biljon, 1976; Hatton and Sharpe, 1989) are undermined by the demonstration that the Bushveld intrusives and associated volcanics are stratigraphically divorced from the underlying sediments (Schweitzer and Hatton, 1994). Plume tectonics are increasingly summonsed to account for unusual chemistries observed in Archaean komatites (Xie et al., 1993, McCuaig et al., 1994) and the associations of granite rocks with komatites (Hill et al., 1990), and may find application in the Bushveld Complex. Certain features of the Bushveld Complex are consistent with a plume origin. These are the radial distribution of intrusive centres and satellite bodies (Sharpe et al., 1981) and the increasing contribution of radiogenic Sr and Pb, possibly of crustal origin, during the evolution of the mafic intrusives (Kruger and Marsh 1982; Sharpe, 1985; Auret et al., 1989; Kruger, 1989). Accordingly this communication will attempt to assess the application of a plume hypothesis to the Bushveld complex. To that end the character of the Bushveld parental magmas and the interactions between them will be reviewed and the genesis of the chromite and PGEenriched layers will be considered in the framework of these interactions. The essential role that intrusion of colder magma plays in the genesis of these enriched layers and the possibility that plume tectonics might generate such cold magmas are the twin themes of this communication.


(What follows is a significantly abridged and revised adaptation of an excerpt from James Herbert's 2014 book, To Jonah When You Are Twenty-Five: Taking Jobs Seriously.) While teaching in the general honors program of the University of Maryland (1970-1980), I passed on a version of the education I had received in history, philosophy, literature, politics, theology, psychology, anthropology, and the other liberal arts. As I moved into another career, my situation reversed the old chestnut: I couldn't teach, so I had to find a way to do. I had often professed that a liberal education in honors was good preparation for life. My work life ended up testing that proposition and confirming it in unexpected ways that may be illuminating to those who are now supporting or administering honors education. In 1982, I went to work for the College Board when its Educational EQuality Project, a response to a long decline in average SAT scores, was stalled at a critical juncture. Hoping to clarify how students should prepare for college, the College Board had consulted widely and issued a summary of the necessary "Basic Academic Competencies" (reading, writing, speaking and listening, mathematics, reasoning, studying) but had been urged also to address matters of content and to clarify how these competencies related to the subjects that students studied in high school, such as English, math, science, and history The College Board had asked hundreds of people and organizations--parents, high school and college teachers, administrators, and disciplinary associations--what high school students should learn to be prepared for college. The process had been billed as a broad dialogue leading to national consensus. When I arrived at the College Board's offices in New York City, I found questionnaires, statements and summaries, and many engaged, excited people, but no consensus statement summarizing what students needed to learn to prepare for college, no concise companion to the statement of Basic Academic Competencies. Hundreds of contributors were mainly interested in whether their own bit of advice would be reflected in the summary Teachers tended to be concerned with their own subjects and to neglect others. Organizations advanced positions that favored their own interests At that time, the College Board's SAT, then called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, was being criticized as content-free whereas the Board's rival, ACT, presented its college entrance exams as content-based, so the issues were complex and the stakes were high for the College Board. If all the suggestions and lines of thought were not woven together into a harmonious whole, the fault would lie not with the many messages but with the messenger, and I had barely thought about the high school curriculum since I had taken it. In that situation, I grabbed for whatever resources I had at hand Each of the College Board's six academic advisory committees had custody of one subject, and, as liaison to the committees, I inherited responsibility for the subject statements In each seven-member committee, one or two members had begun to draft a preliminary statement, thus raising questions about the consistency of their draft with all the conversations that had gone before it Here I relied on my honors experience in close reading of texts I threw myself at the large corpus of transcripts, summaries, correspondence, and formal written submissions in each subject area in order to identify their key issues and major differences. Then, in reviewing its draft statement with each committee, I tried to raise all these issues and ascertain how the committee members thought the differences should be resolved. As in an honors seminar faced with tackling complex texts, our work was just beginning. Members of a group do not automatically agree with each other or speak the same language, and specialized sub-groups can be incomprehensible to others in the large group. …


Simple Summary Palm kernel oil (PKO) is extracted from an oleaginous seed fruit (Elaeis guineenses Jacq.) commonly cultivated in Brazil and can be used strategically as a ruminal fermentation modulator to improve animal performance. We conducted three experimental trials by increasing PKO levels in the diets of lambs. Although we observed low consumption of most nutrients, we also observed that feed conversion improved as the PKO inclusion level increased, indicating that the animals needed to consume less food to gain 1.0 kg of body weight. In addition, we observed that nutrient digestibility was not affected by the inclusion levels of PKO. We also did not observe differences in ruminal fermentation parameters but noted a reduction in the protozoan population. Therefore, we conclude that the inclusion of palm kernel oil may be beneficial to lambs and can lower the cost of feed in regions that contain an abundance of this byproduct. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKOzero = no PKO inclusion, PKO1.3 = 1.3% addition, PKO2.6 = 2.6% addition, PKO3.9 = 3.9% addition, and PKO5.2 = 5.2% addition, based on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet. With the inclusion of PKO in the diet, linear decreases in DM (p < 0.001), crude ash (p < 0.001), crude protein (CP) (p < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.001), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (p < 0.001), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (p = 0.021) intake were observed, as was an increase in ether extract (EE) intake (p < 0.001). The digestibility coefficients of NDF and NFC were not affected by PKO addition to the diet. However, the digestibility of DM (p = 0.035), EE (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and TDNs (p < 0.001) increased when PKO was added to the lambs' diet. Reductions in N intake (p < 0.001), fecal nitrogen excretion (p < 0.001), and microbial protein production (p < 0.001) were noted with increasing PKO levels. Serum cholesterol increased (p < 0.001) while serum GGT enzyme concentrations in the blood decreased (p = 0.048) with increasing PKO levels. PKO addition had no effect on total weight gain and average daily gain; however, feed conversion improved (p = 0.001) with increasing PKO levels. The intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of lambs with PKO1.3 added to their diet were similar to animals that did not receive PKO, meaning that PKO could be an alternative energy source for growing lambs because it does not harm animal performance and can lower the cost of feed.


The relationship between the economy and population dynamics has long been discussed, but is still controversial. Fertility is commonly assumed to follow the economic cycle , falling in periods of recession and vice versa, though scientific evidence is still not unanimous on this. This article looks at fertility trends against selected indicators of economic recession in 31 European countries, the European Union (EU) Member States and some EFTA and candidate countries.


Background: Helicobacter pylori eradication for peptic ulcer has been widely taken up. Evidence for the efficacy of different regimens is often derived from small series in clinical trials but there is little reporting of everyday practice with unselected patients. Freedom from ulcer relapse has been demonstrated, but not whether this equates with clinical success.


Composite truss haven been applied extensively in every spacecraft because of its excellent performances. Forming process and research achievements of composite truss are introduced in this paper. According to domestic and overseas applications in spacecraft,the problems to be resolved in engineering application were discussed. Finally,application prospects of composite truss in spacecraft were forecast.


Differences in triacylglycerol, fatty acid, squa-lene, and tocopherol compositions were demonstrated between 8 varieties of virgin olive oils (Aberkane, Aguenaou, Aharoun, Aimel, Bouchouk Guergour, Bouichret, Chemlal, and Sigoise) from Petite Kabylie area, north eastern Algeria. Fatty acid and triacylglycerol morphotypes characterized each variety. A principal component analysis, based on tria-cylglycerol, fatty acid, and squalene compositions, differentiates between varieties. Minor fatty acids and squalene, usually not taken into account individually in authentication studies, are strongly involved in this differentiation, whereas the discriminant power of tocopherols is weak. Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy classification using chemical compositions as variables showed a high potential to authenticate the varietal origin of Algerian virgin olive oils.


In this paper, a services application system will be designed base on the P2P overlay network. Through the use of the system, users can easily search for the services they need, and assembled the searched services into the application process, and it can achieve the desired application through the implementation of the application process. Other users can also use local services, the service of users are all about sharing. The system also implement the graphical design of components, user can design the application process easily through drawing the components.


As its etiology and pathogenesis is obscure, illustrating the molecular mechanism of lung cancer has become a serious and urgent task. Studies have shown that fumarate hydratase (FH) is a tumor suppressor related to tumorigenesis, development, and invasion. Our aim was to analyze the biological information of FH, and detect the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of FH in lung cancer cells to explore its role in tumorigenesis and in the development of lung cancer.


How do we, as individuals, communities and nations, arbitrate between the requirements of justice or our sense of justice, at the local or national level, as compared to our idea of justice in the world at large? Is the demand for global justice a demand for greater equality among nations, for systems of just global governance to manage an increasingly interconnected world of increasing complexity, or just another utopian ideal? This article seeks to bring together two separate debates in contemporary social sciences and social philosophy to discuss these questions. The first part of this article examines questions of identity, individual and collective, and the expressions and practice of nationalism that forms the basis of international exchanges based on the debates between communitarian and universalist social philosophers. The second part of the article analyzes how the idea of global justice, and in particular, international distributive justice, is limited or constrained by the questions of identity and nationalism under the democratic and institutional compulsions of nation states, even when they accept the necessity of institutions of global governance. The later work of Rawls and their extensions are a common thread in these two debates. JEL: F6, F52, F54, D63


The aim of the study was to compare the reproductive performance of Termond White (TW) and New Zealand White (NZ) bucks with various behavioral types. The empathic and novel-object tests were implemented to determine the patterns in rabbit reactions: -Aggressive, -Tame and -Timid. The comparison of bucks' behavior with mating duration and fertility rate did not evidence significant relations. Further studies will be necessary before integrating behavior tests in rabbit bucks breeding programs.


This paper is the introduction to a book that aims to bring the EU's executive powers out of the shadows by mapping the evolution and current form of the EU's various executive actors, their powers, and the mechanisms for holding them accountable. The term executive power embraces the political executive, the administrative executive and what is termed the 'satellite' executive. The book's analysis covers both the formal legal structure of the Union (pre and post Lisbon) as well as the evolution of the EU's living institutions in practice. The picture presented is of a fragmented, cluttered and complex European executive space, resistant to radical Constitutional reform. On the other hand what also emerges are layers and pieces of a sedimentary process of EU and national checks and balances as part of an organically growing 'living constitution'.


Preface Introduction: Globalization and Belonging in the Himalayas and in Trans-Himalayan Social Spaces - Gerard Toffin and Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka I: SHIFTING HORIZONS OF BELONGING Improbable Globalization: Individualization and Christianization among the Tamangs - Blandine Ripert Circular Lives: Histories and Economies of Belonging in the Transnational Thangmi Village - Sara Shneiderman Being a Ladakhi, Playing the Nomad - Pascale Dollfus II: MIGRANT EXPERIENCES IN SOUTH ASIA AND BEYOND Migration, Marginality, and Modernity: Hill Men's Journey to Mumbai - Jeevan R Sharma Rights and a Sense of Belonging: Two Contrasting Nepali Diaspora Communities - Mitra Pariyar, Bal Gopal Shrestha and David N Gellner Geographical, Cultural, and Professional Belonging of Nepalese Migrants in India and Qatar - Tristan Brusle III: CREATING TRANSNATIONAL BELONGING Belonging and Solitude among Nepali Nurses in Great Britain - Sondra L Hausner Culture on Display: Metropolitan Multiculturalism and the Manchester Nepal Festival - Ben Campbell Being and Belonging: Mapping the Experiences of Nepali Immigrants in the United States - Bandita Sijapati Global Gurungs: Ethnic Organizing Abroad - Susan Hangen IV: GLOBALITY AND ACTIVIST EXPERIENCE Buddhist Activism, New Sanghas, and the Politics of Belonging among Some Tharu and Magar Communities of Southern Nepal - Chiara Letizia Power Projects, Protests, and Problematics of Belonging in Dzongu, Sikkim - Tanka Subba Weepingsikkim.blogspot.com: Reconfiguring Lepcha Belonging with Cyber-belonging - Vibha Arora V: NATIONAL RECONFIGURATIONS Mother Tongues and Language Competence: The Shifting Politics of Linguistic Belonging in the Himalayas - Mark Turin Who Belongs to Tibet? Governmental Narratives of State in the Ganden Podrang - Martin A Mills The Last Himalayan Monarchies - Michael Hutt Glossary


Let G be an n-vertex simple graph embeddable on a surface of Euler genus γ. We present the upper bounds for the signless Laplacian spectral radius of G in terms of n and γ, with further improvements when G is an outerplanar or Halin graph.


The Tempest framework allows the dynamic introduction and modiication of network services at two levels of granularity. First, the switchlet and associated virtual network concepts enable the safe introduction of alternative control architectures into an operational network. The timescales over which such new control architectures can be introduced might vary from, for example, a video conferencing speciic control architecture, which is active only for the duration of the conference, to a new version of a general purpose control architecture, which might be active for several months or longer. Second, the Tempest framework allows reene-ment of services at a ner level of granularity by means of the connection closure concept. In this case modiication of services can be performed at an application speciic level. These attributes of the Tempest framework allows service providers to eeectively become network operators for some well deened partition of the physical network. This enables them to take advantage of the knowledge they possess about how the network resources are to be used, by programming their own specially tailored control architecture. This, as our work with the Tempest shows, is a spur to creativity allowing many of the constraints imposed on operators and end-users to be rethought and for new techniques to be quickly and safely introduced into working networks.


Weather forecast in an area is unpredictable. This is due to the fact that human factors cannot predict it. The weather forecast is by applying data mining using the algorithm Naive Bayes, K-nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and C.45. Bayesian Classification is a statistical classification method that is useful for the process of determining the probability of a class membership. KNN Algorithm is a classification algorithm based on the similarity between one data and another data. C4.5 algorithms is an easy-to-use classification method interpreted. The best level of accuracy between the three algorithms can be determined by comparison. Comparison of algorithm aims to get the algorithm that is considered accurate, precision, recall and f-measure to make a prediction of a problem. the results of the comparison of the k-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes and C4.5 classification algorithms used in weather prediction case studies stating that the KNN classification algorithm is a classification algorithm that has the highest accuracy with k = 7 and fold = 5 in predicting the weather compared to Naïve Bayes classification algorithm with fold = 3 and C.45 which reached 71.58% followed by C.45 with fold = 20 having an accuracy of 69.83%. and finally Naïve Bayes 68.77%.


The majority of the world's Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam, and approximately 10-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi'ite, Shi'a, Shia) branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Sunnis and Shiites share most basic religious tenets. However, their differences sometimes have been the basis for religious intolerance, political infighting, and violent confrontations. This report includes a historical background of the Sunni-Shiite split and the differences in religious beliefs and practices between and within each Islamic sect as well as their similarities. The report also relates Sunni and Shiite religious beliefs to current discussions of Islamic terrorist groups, Iraq, and other issues of interest to the 109 Congress. This report will not be updated. Related CRS products include CRS Report RS21432 and CRS Report RS21695.


I met John Noonan in the office of the late David W. Louisell in January, 1974, and remember to this day just how awestruck I was at being in the company of such great scholars. I find myself even more humbled as I pen this essay in honor of the birthday of my esteemed teacher, advisor, and friend. To be invited to join the festschrift is an extraordinary honor for a former student but it is also an immense challenge. The task of writing a coherent essay for one's professor usually ends upon graduation from law school. To write one in honor of a professor (and a favorite one at that) is an altogether new experience. Because I write to pay tribute to a man whose manner of thinking has indelibly shaped the manner in which I teach my own students, my goal is to write an essay that builds upon the work he has done in the field of law and religion. And if, in the final analysis, it meets that standard, it will do so, in part, because of John Noonan's efforts as a teacher, scholar and role model.


A textile is a flexible, two-dimensional material produced by interconnecting fibers, which have generally been twisted into a yarn. Fiber is a basic unit of raw material having suitable length, pliability, and strength for conversion into yarns and fabrics. In ancient Greece and Rome, two basic fiber groups, divided on the basis of their origin into vegetal and animal, were used for textile manufacture. Vegetable fibers are derived from plants and include flax (see linen), hemp, nettle, esparto, and the lining of the bark of trees, such as linden, oak, and willow, known as bast. Tree-bast was more important in prehistoric times, but it occasionally turns up during the Greek and Roman periods as well, in particular in the rigging found in shipwrecks. Besides these locally available plant fibers, cotton was imported to Europe from the East (see Cotton).

Keywords:

ancient Near East history;
Byzantine history;
Late Antiquity;
military history;
nations and peoples;
Roman history;
war


A back-gate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) negative-capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) based on a single-layer gate dielectric of Hf<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{1} -{x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>AlxOy is fabricated to simplify the gate-dielectric process and simultaneously increase its ferroelectricity, as well as facilitate scaling down of the device. The Al content and anneal temperature of the Hf<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{1} -{x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>AlxOy thin film are optimized to obtain excellent performance of devices. It is found that when the Al content is 10% (Hf0.9Al0.1Oy) and the anneal temperature is 700 °C, good electrical properties can be achieved: a subthreshold swing (SS) of 43.8 mV/dec ade, a switching ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.50\times 10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a hysteresis of 51.1 mV. Furthermore, a NH3 plasma is used to treat the surface of the Hf0.9Al0.1Oy thin film to reduce oxygen vacancies in it and thus enhance its ferroelectricity and simultaneously improve interfacial quality through smoothing the surface of the thin film, resulting in excellent device performance: a low SS of 32.5 mV/dec ade, a high switching ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.79\times 10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a small hysteresis of 28.7 mV.


We propose a new setup to allow for adaptive (time resolved) corneal topography. To realize this we have implemented a stimulus generation algorithm which adjusts the stimulus used such that the reflection on the surface under investigation is almost regular. Performance measurement of the algorithm in simulation show that the algorithm almost within one second in the current implementation. In preliminary experiments we have used a Sony LCD screen coupled to the video card of a PC for some initial measurement. Using this setup we obtain an accuracy of 3 /spl mu/m of surface determination.


Delayed healing can result for a number of reasons; however, one important factor in the wound healing process is the role of bacteria. An imbalance in the wound bioburden may lead to infection, and thereby severely delay healing. Thus to ensure healing progresses in a timely manner, it is necessary to maintain a healthy microbial balance and prevent any impending infection.

Dermal cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes generate numerous chemokines and growth factors that regulate the immune response and the phases of healing. While topical antiseptics and antimicrobials can kill bacteria and are therefore used to help manage infection in wounds, they may also be cytotoxic to these important cell types. Cytotoxicity is acceptable when overt clinical infection is present, due to a greater need for bacterial balance. However, clinical signs of infection in chronic wounds may not be present, making it difficult to correctly determine diagnosis and appropriate use of these antimicrobial products. In these cases, a product which addresses both the antibacterial action of topical antiseptics/antimicrobials and their impact on key healing factors, (i.e., cytotoxicity to host cells), could help reduce the incidence of wound infection without impacting the rate of healing.

In this study we investigated the effect of silver-ORC and an ORC/collagen matrix containing silver-ORC on human dermal fibroblast proliferation. The antimicrobial properties of the dressing was also investigated, in in vitro studies using common bacterial wound pathogens.

While other silver-releasing dressings address the bioburden of nonhealing wounds, their in vitro cytotoxicity suggests that the rate of healing may not be optimal if the presence of infection is questionable. In contrast this in vitro work suggests the ORC/collagen matrix containing silver-ORC is not cytotoxic, but is still capable of controlling wound pathogens, suggesting it may be used on a broad spectrum of wounds independent of their bacterial bioburden.


The list of data processing times and processing notifies the other electronic device, so that the other electronic device to perform data processing. When an error occurs in the other electronic device, is formed together with the list of requested again reprocessed unprocessed data, and the notification. At this time, the design of the printer by the print status display to image pickup apparatus and determination. When the image is not printed reprint specified when an error occurs in the printer, re-formed and re-notify the list and the number of printed images to be re-designated print. Execute communication of print data through Bluetooth communication.


Abstract Reduction of CrO3 at room temperature by ethanol in the presence of phthalic acid (H2pht) and pyromellitic acid (H4pyr) yields solutions that contain monomeric and low oligomeric (dimeric) Cr(III) complexes. A solution with an H4pyr/Cr mol ratio of 1.5:1 is indefinitely stable toward precipitation, whereas the corresponding solution having a H2pht/Cr mol ratio of 3: I gives a precipitate in the course of ≈5 weeks; the difference in stability can be attributed to differences of acidity in the two systems. The solid from the H2pht/Cr solution contains both the Hpht− and OH− species and is probably a trimeric OH−-bridged Cr(III) complex. The solid obtained on evaporation of the stable H4pyr/Cr solution does not contain OH− species, its polymeric (trimeric) character being based on Cr-H2pyr-Cr bridges. If the reaction in the H2pht/Cr system is carried out under reflux, precipitation occurs immediately; the solid exhibits a higher degree of condensation than that obtained at room temperature.


Abstract Lippia citriodora H.B.K is an herbal species which contains several aroma compounds and the leaves of the plant are utilized as a seasoning for food preparations and flavoring beverages. In this study, the essential oil composition of the L. citriodora growing in semi-arid ecological conditions in Diyarbakır Turkey was determined at different plant parts taken from the upper (leaves and flowers), middle (leaves), and lower portions (leaves). The highest essential oil content (3.7 µl/g in w/w) was obtained from the lower part of the plant. The essential oil of L. citriodora was analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Although the major essential oil composition of the oil was obtained as caryophyllene oxide, limonene, geranial, and neral, caryophyllene oxide and limonene showed significant changes with respect to different plant parts. While the rate of caryophyllene oxide gradually decreases from the lower parts of the plant to the upper parts; it was observed that the limonene ratio increases towards the upper parts of the plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the contents of the 31 compounds showed that two principal components had an eigen value greater than 1 and the first principal component explained 80. 39% of the total variation. In addition to the remarkable chemical differences of L. citriodora essential oil regarding the caryophyllene oxide and limonene, the proportion of these compounds has been observed to be significantly higher than the literature values.


In this paper, the thermal radiation and magnetic field effects on unsteady heat, mass, and fluid flow over a horizontal stretching surface have been obtained and studied numerically. The governing continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration equations were converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformation. The resulting system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations was solved numerically. Numerical results were presented for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles for different parameters of the problem as unsteadiness parameter, radiation parameter, magnetic field parameter, temperature buoyancy parameter, Prandtl parameter, heat source parameter, Schmidt parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Lewis number, and others. Also, the effects of the pertinent parameters on the skin friction, the rate of heat, and mass transfer were obtained and discussed numerically, and illustrated graphically.


Summary form only given. There are a variety of convenient wavelength calibration standards in the 1500 nm region, and other standards are under development for the WDM L-band. Fundamental references based on atomic and molecular absorption or emission lines provide the highest accuracy, but they are not available in all wavelength regions. Wavelength division multiplexing will likely expand into the 1300 and 1400 nm regions, and it will be very difficult to find absolute references for this wide wavelength range. Artifacts such as etalons or fiber Bragg gratings can provide references at arbitrary wavelengths, but they can suffer from large sensitivity to temperature, strain, and pressure. Passive or active thermal stabilization can substantially reduce this variability but the artifact references need to be checked periodically against a fundamental reference. Further in the future, stabilized frequency combs may become commercially available to provide frequency (wavelength) markers throughout the WDM regions.


I'm reminded of an old newsroom saying–"Better to be lucky than good"– when I look back at the almost seven years of the Carnegie Corporation of New York Journalism Initiative. It began as a somewhat unfocused reaction to the wholesale worry about the state of journalism at the end of the 1990s. The Board of the Corporation and the then newly appointed president of the foundation, Vartan Gregorian, wanted to respond to what was seen as an increasingly entertainment-focused news business shedding its values and foreign news bureaus faster than it could stop the red ink. The need for a democracy to be strengthened by a vital news business was the impetus for the Corporation's initiative. After all, positive change cannot happen in school reform, the immigration system, in international affairs, nuclear nonproliferation, or the understanding of Islam–indeed, in almost any area of our national life or international relationships that lies within or beyond the scope of the Corporation's work–unless vibrant news media engage the American public about the issues of this still-emerging century. Since education is a foundational value and tradition at Carnegie Corporation, we decided to focus our initiative not on what was happening in U.S. newsrooms, but instead on what was happening within journalism schools at some of America's most prestigious research universities. That was the lucky part of our decision-making: our focus on a "pipeline" strategy that would affect the next generation of journalists. By 2009, the upcoming generation of newsmen and newswomen was clearly more critical to the debate about the news business than the middle-aged "leaders." The revolution in news via the Web was challenging the 1⁄2nancial model of even America's most secure newspapers, as well as transforming the entire way that the news is delivered, consumed, and produced.


BY EMULATING NATURAL OXIdations by certain enzymes that have iron at their active sites, two research groups have made significant progress toward environmentally friendly reactions that oxidize organic compounds using relatively nontoxic metal catalysts. The catalyst ligands used with the iron are inexpensive and simple to make, unlike the complex porphyrin ligands called hemes that are found in some enzymes. And the new reactions use hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, which results in harmless water as the byproduct. "The development of environmentally benign catalytic oxidations, in particular using hydrogen peroxide, is a major scientific challenge of great importance for the chemical industry," comments organic chemistry professor Ben L. Feringa of the University of Groningen, in the Netherlands. "Nonheme iron systems are among the most difficult, though attractive, targets for new catalysts." In one of the new reports, organic and inorganic chemistry professor Eric N. Jacobsen of Harvard Univ...


Russia is the sixth most attractive host country for international students, and this has translated into increased publications on international students in Russia. These studies have focused on the issues of Russian higher education internationalization, foreign student mobility, and acculturation challenges of international students. This paper seeks to highlight the knowledge base of international student research in Russia. Specifically, this paper represents a bibliometric review of indexed Scopus data to establish the seminal authors and current foci of research on international students in Russia. The findings indicate a present exponential growth in publications from 2015 in contrast to the slow start from 1999. The findings also demonstrate that the leading authors, with 59% of the sampled Scopus indexed articles, are affiliated with government-sponsored higher education institutions. The findings also established the most cited sources in the related literature and the current themes of research on international students in Russia. The implication of the research and limitations of the study were discussed. The directives for future research were proffered.


The review begins by inferring that because Cl6bert is not a professional anthropologist the validity and quality of his book must be immediately questioned. A book must always be judged by its merits, whatever the professional status of the author. In addition, while Gropper recognizes that C16bert has carefully synthesized his data,which he collected by reading, observing, and interviewing, she does not feel that his rigorous methodology compensates for his lack of reference to material in English and to American data. However, she admits that should she attempt a similar endeavor there would be a dearth of Slavic and Semitic


A procedure for teaching specific linguistic structures to language-handicapped children is presented. The procedure makes use of a problem-solving set to emphasize the structural relationships of ...


A variety of derivative instruments—ranging from generic cross-currency swaps to basket swaptions—help investors and portfolio managers manage fixed-income and equity exposure in global portfolios. Understanding the risk of each instrument is important, but including derivatives in a portfolio requires analyzing exposure in terms of overall portfolio risk. Several analytical tools, including key-rate duration and value-at-risk analysis, can help analysts identify each source of risk and effectively manage risk at the portfolio level. This presentation comes from the Using Derivatives in Managing Portfolios conference held in Chicago, Illinois, on November 13-14,1997.


Two-dimensional wind-tunnel experiments have been conducted on three airfoils held at static angles of attack through 360 deg at a Reynolds number of Re=1.1×105 to evaluate the influence of trailing-edge shape on time-averaged force and flowfield measurements. The present study focuses on airfoil performance in reverse flow to advance the understanding of this flow regime for high-speed helicopter applications. It is shown that the drag of a NACA 0012 airfoil in reverse flow is more than twice as large compared to forward flow due to early flow separation, similar to a flat plate. Two blunt trailing-edge airfoils are considered in this work: an elliptical airfoil and the DBLN-526. Both airfoils exhibit a rapid increase in lift at low angles of attack in both forward and reverse flows. The drag of the elliptical airfoil in reverse flow is significantly lower than the NACA 0012 for 5<αrev<17  deg. Lift was calculated via a circulation box method applied to time-averaged flowfield measurements and compared t...


Dr. Gisele Ragusa is an associate professor at the University of Southern California (USC) in the Viterbi School of Engineering in the Division of Engineering Education. She co-directs USC's STEM Education Consortium. Her research interests and areas of expertise include: engineering education, engineering innovation and global preparedness, college access, STEM K-12 education and teacher education, STEM literacy education, as well as assessment and measurement in STEM education. She teaches courses in research design, measurement theory, critical pedagogy in STEM and courses in learning and instructional theory. She extensive expertise in assessment, psychometrics, advanced quantitative analyses, and multimodal research design. She is active in many professional associations in the engineering and science education, teacher education, distance learning, program evaluation and special education fields. She has been the principal investigator on several federal grants through the US Department of Education, the National Institute of Health, and the National Science Foundation.


Magnetic field-ali potential by means of a a radial jump of the fie instabilities which have be stabilized when the i


Investigation of plane plates under mixed boundary conditions is of significant practical value: a lot of problems, arisen in machine design, civil engineering etc., are reduced to similar ones. The problems mentioned are usually solved using numerical methods such as the finite element procedure. Nevertheless, numerical approach fails to meet adequately the requirements of optimal structural design methodology. The approximate analytical relation, accurate enough, will be of great practical importance for these needs. The effective analytical approach, combining boundary conditions, perturbation technique and the Pade approximates (PA) of perturbation series, are presented in this paper.
 Various problems of dynamics and statics of plates, under mixed boundary conditions, may be solved effectively on the basis of the approach presented.


Domestic Anti-Terrorist Reward Act of 1993 - Amends the Federal criminal code to increase reward amounts (and the authorization of appropriations therefor) for information leading to: (1) the arrest or conviction of individuals for the commission of, or for conspiring or attempting to commit, an act of terrorism against U.S. persons or property; or (2) the prevention, frustration, or favorable resolution of an act of terrorism against such persons or property.


The invention ceramide-by introducing a fat-soluble substance in the hyaluronic acid complex, as well as to increase effectively the stability of the shape of a ceramide, it is possible to form a self-assembly to carry the fat-soluble substance, having an excellent moisture-retaining having a high moisturizing effect It relates to emulsion compositions and methods for their preparation. The emulsion composition of the present invention is ceramide-can having a hyaluronic acid complex of 1 to 20% by weight and an upper; Yusangbu having a fat-soluble substance 0.1 to 3.0% by weight; ; Water step of forming and dissolving the hyaluronic acid conjugate to the award-weight and the remainder comprising water and, ceramides And the step of forming the yusangbu by dissolving the oil-soluble substance to the amphiphilic solvent, and a third step of mixing the yusangbu prepared in step 2 to be prepared in step 1 above; While stirring the mixture prepared in the third step is made of a fourth step of removing both the solvent. Hyaluronic acid, ceramide, lipid-soluble substances, moisture, acids,


Purpose:  to evaluate the chronological and dental age of children in Lviv and the Lviv region aged 10-13 years with the help of the modified formula Cameriere.
Methods. Оrthopantomograms  46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) aged 10-13 years from Lviv and Lviv region have been used for this study. A questionnaire was developed for the submission of individual patient data and a standardized format for making their indicators derived from orthopantomograms (OPG). The examination of the area of the lower seven teeth on the left was done using the Cameriere method and the age of the child was evaluated, which was further compared with the chronological age.
Results.The obtained results of the study showed a high accuracy and reliability of the estimation of dental age in children up to 10-13 years with the help of the Cameriere formula modified by us. The research is based on the detection of physiological changes (the rate of formation of the roots) in the permanent teeth of children using the X-ray method.  Evaluating the results obtained by two methods, among girls and boys of the selected age group, a statistically significant strong correlation between the chronological age and the age calculated by the Cameriere method was revealed. Cameriere research has been carried out in many countries around the world and, in particular, in European countries, by implementing the general formula.
Children in the period of occlusive bite remain the most critical in terms of age and, therefore, the determination of the correct time for dental interventions. In this age group, the development of permanent teeth passes through different stages and depends on many factors of the environment, genetic, geographical and food factors. The process of teething also affects many local factors, such as space and space for a permanent tooth in the dental artery and the loss of temporary precursors. Even with a large number of factors affecting the eruption and formation of permanent teeth in children, this method showed high accuracy and independence.
In order to assess the Cameriere method among the children under study and its further practical application, a comparison was made between the age obtained using this methodology and the chronological age of the children under study in different age groups, both among boys and girls.
Analyzing the obtained data, it was found that the mean of chronological age among the studied boys aged 10-11 (n = 14) was 11.02 ± 0.59 years, and the Cameriere method was 10.63 ± 1.03 years.  Student's assessment did not reveal a significant difference between the data (p = 0.22) for the age group of 10-11 years.  Further analysis among the studied boys revealed that in the age group 12-13 years the average chronological age was 12.94 ± 0.49 years, and the age was determined by the Cameriere method 12.59 ± 0.63 years, and no significant difference was established between them  (p = 0.14).
The results of the studies have shown the suitability of the Cameriere formula modified during the process, based on the assessment of open tops and the number of teeth with completed root formation as a marker for the physiological development of the child and one that can be used to determine the child's age.Since studies had a limited age range on a particular sample of dental patients, further studies should evaluate the utility of this method in a larger sample of children in the extended age range of the given region of Ukraine and, if possible, adjust the formula we modified for the stability of the averaged indicators in different samples by age and sex.


The composition,principle and theoretical analysis of DC dynamo phaselocking steady-speed controlling system which is mainly composed of MCS-51 monolithic computer are introduced in this paper.This system uses photoelectric coder as speed detecting sensor,applies traditional PID digital controlling theories to CDC(Compter Digital Control)and implement CDC by monolithic computer.This paper also offers the design of hardware and software of the controlling system.


The amino acid is important in the mouthfeel,fragrance and nutritive value of Ilex Kudingcha.The study has divided the Wuzhishan Ilex to 4 grades,and determinate the absorbance A,with glutamic acid as standard,by Ninhydrin Colorimetric method,at TU-1901 double-beam UV-visible spectrophotometer 570nm best wavelength,and respectively determinate the contents of Ilex polysaccharide from 4 groups.The experimental results are 96.91 mg/g,92.06 mg/g,85.69 mg/g and 78.95mg/g.The results show that the contents of Ilex free amino acid from different parts are certain differences,which is not obvious,and the content from D-group is lower.The study proposes that at the time of Ilex-picking,while picking is not shedding of old leaves,in order to avoid losses and lose their value after shedding components.


The propeller device 10 comprises two propellers 13, 14 arranged to rotate in opposite 10 direction on a common rotating shaft and at least one annular propeller nozzle 15B. The nozzle is arranged so that one or both of the propellers 13, 14 is/are arranged within the propeller nozzle. The device 10 is also arranged to be turned around the vertical axis 12 for steering purposes.


With ongoing climate change and more frequent high flows and droughts, it becomes inevitable to understand potentially altered catchment processes under changing climatic conditions. Water age metrics such as median transit times and young water fractions are useful variables to understand the process dynamics of catchments and the release of solutes to the streams. This study, based on extensive high-frequency stable isotope data, unravels the changing contribution of different water ages to stream water in six heterogeneous catchments, located in the Harz mountains and the adjacent northern lowlands in Central Germany. Fractions of water up to 7 days old (Fyw7), comparable with water from recent precipitation events, and fractions of water up to 60 days old (Fyw60) were simulated by the tran-SAS model. As Fyw7 and Fyw60 were sensitive to discharge, an integrated analysis of high and low flows was conducted. This revealed an increasing contribution of young water for increasing discharge, with larger contributions of young water during wet spells compared to dry spells. Considering the seasons, young water fractions increased in summer and autumn, which indicates higher contributions of young water after prolonged dry conditions. Moreover, the relationship between catchment characteristics and the water age metrics revealed an increasing amount of young water with increasing agricultural area, while the amount of young water decreased with increasing grassland proportion. By combining transit time modelling with high-frequency isotopic signatures in contrasting sub-catchments in Central Germany, our study extends the understanding of hydrological processes under high and low flow conditions.


The main aim of this paper is to explore the factors affecting student's satisfaction when the students participate in online learning through. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of satisfaction of online education, find out the level of satisfaction in (arts & science, male & female or rural & urban) students toward online class. Also identify the satisfaction of students and teacher and factor that which affect the satisfaction of online education at the moment of teaching through the teacher online platform. The descriptive survey method was employed to known the objective. A proper representative sample taken from the entire population and 99 under graduate students adopted in my sample from West Bengal State. The results showed that college students in West Bengal have an average or moderate level of satisfaction about online education and also find out the satisfaction college students about online education and did not have a difference with respect to their (Arts & Science), Gender (Male & Female) and Locality (Rural & Urban).


Under the influence of increasing tension in the international relations A. Rothschild and P. Kupelwieser decided to product partly also the war material in Vitkovice. P. Kupelwieser was inspired when visiting Krupp works (1884). After Krym-war in Russia and civil war in USA the production of ship's armour plates in the world has began. In the eighties, the compound plates from Cammel-Sheffield and the casehardening plates from Schneider-Creusot dominated on the market. In the first half of nineties two new processes of Harvey and Krupp appeared. The beginning of the armour plates production in Vitkovice is connected with the work of then general director Paul Kupelwieser. In 1891-1892, he had already obtained a contract to deliver the armour plates for three warships of Austrian-Hungarian navy. These plates were produced in Vitkovice by it's own simple process. Two events in spring 1893 caused the turnover: on 3. 4. 1893 Kupelwieser (adherent of Krupp) resigned from the post of director of ironworks and on 3. 5. 1893 his successor Emil Holz concluded the license-treaty with Harvey Steel Co. A table with all deliveries of Vitkovice armour plates from 1892 to 1897 is presented in the conclusion.


We present accurate BV light curves and continuum energy curves of the EROS eclipsing binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud to find accurate binary parameters as well as their distances. The observations have been carried out using the 2.1 meter telescope in CASLEO Argentina during Feb. 1-10, 2003. We have concentrated CCD direct observations upon EROS field 1 and 2 to improve the accuracy of light curves of eclipsing binaries in the fields. The spectroscopic observations have been also carried out using the simple dispersion method to get continuum energy curves between wavelengths of 4000-8000 A for several EROS eclipsing binaries. At first, we determined a combined temperature of both components of each binary system using the continuum. Then, the combined temperature was resolved using the first estimation of the light curve solution. Finally, we determined the photometric solutions of several binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud.


India is currently at a crucial juncture where it is aiming for economic growth to meet the basic needs of its 1.2 billion people. However, so far this growth has resulted in energy shortages and the increasing use of limited resources. This policy brief series is about decoupling, i.e. improving efficiency to reduce the resources and energy needed for this growth and meet the country's increasing development needs.
The construction sector is highly resource and energy intensive; it is therefore imperative that it moves towards a path of environmental sustainability. This transition is likely to be achieved by decoupling both resource and energy use from the sector's growth. Decision-makers in the sector will play a crucial role in achieving this. The aim of this policy brief series is to inform decision-makers in India at central government and state level about the current status of research, policy and institutions in the Indian construction sector and to identify key drivers and barriers. Finally, practical recommendations will be made for decision-makers about how to promote decoupling of resource and energy use from growth in the construction sector.
Policy brief 3 focuses on recommendations both at national and state level on the possible interventions that could result in resource and energy use being decoupled from growth in the Indian construction sector. Lack of a comprehensive policy on resource efficiency and the possibility of using secondary raw materials to obtain resource and impact decoupling continue to be the key issues that India will have to grapple with in the years to come.


represents the kind of community he needs to exist in and to confirm him." Confession thus involves both an attempt by the individual to define himself, and also a search for an audience who will listen, and who represent the kind of community die individual needs to exist in in order to redeem his isolation. MobyDic\ brings the issues very much into focus; by his very opening remarks, Ishmael forms a relationship widi his audience. By saying simply "Call me Ishmael," he ceases to be the outcast, and the process of his symbolic rebirth can begin. The community he needs is typified by die image of joining hands when squeezing the spermaceti, and by his symbolic marriage to Queequeg. His audience must be aware of the whale and of nature's ambivalence, be prepared to risk destruction by going voyaging, and have the courage "to withstand infinitude, irresolution, and the endless uncertainty of process."


The "attraction paradigm" proposed that demographic and experiential homogeneity will lead to effective group working, whereas disparity will have the opposite effect. There is evidence to suggest that demographically and experientially homogenous peer and volunteer health care workers (who may have had similar substance misuse and other experiences to the client groups with which they are working) contribute effectively towards positive health care outcomes. Professional health care workers, on the other hand, are not likely to be as demographically and/or experientially homogenous and have been shown to have negative attitudes towards substance misuse service users. It is suggested that by employing the arts, literature and music in substance misuse education, professional health care workers will be exposed to vivid and stark accounts of those experiences that they otherwise might not have, thus improving attitudes and perhaps, clinical outcomes.


Two variants of P23/P91 heterogeneous welds were studied. The composition of filler material in Weld A corresponded to that of P91 steel, whilst for Weld B the low alloy filler material of P23 type composition was used. Results of creep rupture tests on the cross weld specimens are close to, or slightly below, the lower limit of the ±20% scatter band around the standardized curve for creep strength of the P23 steel. Creep rupture tests were performed at temperatures of 500, 550 and 600°C with time to rupture up to 60 000hours. Optical microscopy investigations and hardness measurements were carried out on longitudinal sections through ruptured cross weld specimens in order to reveal the effect of testing parameters (temperature, stress) on the preferred location of creep failure. It has been found that in both weld variants creep damage can develop simultaneously in several parts of the cross-weld specimens. The preferred failure locality during testing at 550 and 600°C was the partly decarburized zone of the low alloy P23 steel (or WM23).


The paper proposes some considerations about meaning and sense starting from Ferdinand de Saussure ' s Cours de linguistique g e n e rale . Notions as langue, parole , time , community of speaker , signified , signifier and signification , have been very important for linguistics and philosophy of language, and for all those linguists interested in subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The article considers some of Tullio De Mauro ' s studies on sense and meaning (1965, 1971, 1994), together with those of Mario Lucidi (1950) and Antonino Pagliaro (1969) about signs and language. This paper aims to be a reflection about semantic aspects of communication, also considering the historical determination that marks man ' s life in language and in society. Sense and meaning are presented as reasons of discussion among different disciplines as philosophy of language and linguistics. They offer to researchers many possibilities to consider theoretical and metalinguistical problems


This document provides input to the update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics in fields that are related to Nuclear Physics as described in the NuPECC Long Range Plan 2017. Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee


One of the most common diagnoses seen in the pediatric ED is acute gastroenteritis, which accounts for approximately 16% of ED visits. This illness is a result of gastrointestinal inflammation and presents as three or more episodes of diarrhea and/or vomiting and may have accompanying symptoms including fever and abdominal pain.1 Mild or moderate illness should ideally be managed in an outpatient setting with adequate oral rehydration and symptom management; however, parents may defer to the ED for care, which results in an increase in ED congestion, economic costs, and healthcare utilization.1,2 Children and their families may also be at risk for dissatisfaction with their care because of experiencing long ED wait times. Further, ED visits may expose children and families to unnecessary risks associated with being in the hospital such as exposure to infection. This study sought to identify current practices in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis and develop a standardized approach to caring for these patients to improve the patient experience and ultimately decrease the length of stay for the patient in the ED. The problem The development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an established method for management of acute gastroenteritis.3 ORT is as effective as I.V. therapy in the rehydration of a child with mild to moderate dehydration.4 However, ORT is inconsistently administered in the ED, leading to delays in care or prolonged stays in the hospital.5 These inconsistencies include early, off-label use of oral ondansetron prior to attempting ORT and/or delaying ORT initiation until after the physician has seen the child.6 In addition to the inconsistent application of this therapy among providers, a decrease in parental knowledge related to the management of acute gastroenteritis adds to the burden on the healthcare system financially because it can result in an increase in unnecessary ED visits. Positive and impactful education for families on how to manage symptoms of acute gastroenteritis can result in better adherence to treatment plans at home and a decrease in hospital admissions.7


Research on democratic representation and public opinion formation has largely ignored one another. Once one considers the reality of the political communication environment, a fundamental tension between these two literatures emerges. In this essay, I review work on each, highlighting problems with both how "quality opinion" is often defined and how representation is typically studied. I then offer a way forward.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include a heterogeneous group of multifactorial conditions and represent the major health problem in the western society. Many studies have evidenced that inter-individual variability affects the prognosis and the response to pharmacological treatment in patients with CVD. The identification of genetic markers to select patients more susceptible to develop cardiovascular complications has a therapeutic interest for undertaking individualized therapeutic approach. The sympathetic nervous system acts through adrenergic receptor subtypes and plays a key role in the development and prognosis of CVD. In particular, β-2 adrenergic receptors (β 2 AR), expressed in a wide variety of tissues, are critical regulators of cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance and metabolism. Several variations with multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in β 2 AR gene. There are 3 common β 2 AR polymorphisms characterized in more detail for their influence on functional receptor activity. In particular, the changing an arginine for a glycine at position 16 of the receptor protein (Arg16Gly) is associated with increased agonist-induced down-regulation; the substitution of glutamine with glutamic acid at position 27 (Gln27Glu) leads to resistance to down-regulation; the substitution of threonine with isoleucine (Thr164Ile) at position 164 causes receptor uncoupling from the G protein. Many studies have indicated the association of β 2 AR polymorphisms with various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and have contributed to indicate the β 2 AR gene variants an appropriate target for investigating possible links between receptor polymorphisms, drug responses and susceptibility to CVD. However, the reports on the association of β 2 AR polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of CVD have been contradictory. In this review, we will illustrate the effects of β 2 ARs genetic variability on the management of CVD.


A compound beverage made from blueberry and haw was studied,and the dosage of stabilizer and time of sterilization were investigated.The results showed that the use of 0.20% CMC-Na as the stabilizer and sterilization at 90℃ for 25 ~ 30 min could give a beverage with good stability,flavour and taste.


Flow-induced sound propagated from turbulent flow over a sphere is investigated using large eddy simulation. The Reynolds numbers considered are Re = 3700 and 10 4 based on the freestream velocity (u∞) and the sphere diameter (d). The flow-induced sound propagates in a complicated manner for both Reynolds numbers due to the three-dimensional vortical evolution in the wake. At Re=3700, the amplitudes of the drag and lift fluctuations are very small as compared to those at Re=10 4 , because of inactive vortical motion right behind the sphere at Re=3700. Hence, at Re=3700, the quadrupole sound is much stronger than the dipole sound. At Re=10 4 , the dipole sound is the most dominant source for the overall sound field. However, at an observation location very near the sphere surface, the contribution of quadrupole source to the overall sound is larger than that of dipole source at both Reynolds numbers.


This confusion about the activities of scientists and clinicians is reflected in booksellers' varying decisions to shelve (often on opposite ends of the bookstore) Daniel Gilbert's Stumbling on happiness under ''Science,'' ''Cognitive Science,'' ''Psychology and Self-Help,'' or all of the above. This inconsistent shelving and the confusion it reflects is a pity, because Gilbert's book exemplifies how psychological science relates intimately to improving happiness, well-being, and the quality of life. Gilbert is among the most publicly visible psychological scientists seeking to help people live better, happier lives simply by understanding the basic psychological processes giving rise to everyday experience. Drawing insights from cognitive science, judgment and decision making, neuroscience, social psychology and behavioral economics, Gilbert integrates and reviews much of what psychological science tells us about happiness.


The State of Georgia has declared that seven segments of the Savannah River, including the reach adjacent to the Savannah River Site, are impaired for fish consumption due to high levels of mercury (U. S. EPA 2000). The Clean Water Act requires states to determine a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for pollutants that are responsible for impairment. The TMDL is the total amount of pollutant that can be assimilated by the receiving water body while achieving the water quality target that is protective of fish consumption. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Region 4 issued a proposed TMDL for mercury in the Savannah River on February 8, 2000. The TMDL process establishes the allowable loading of pollutants for a water body, based on the relationship between pollution sources and in-stream water quality conditions, so that states can establish water-quality based controls to reduce pollution and restore and maintain the quality of their water resources (U. S. EPA 2000). The first phase of the proposed TMDL specifies a target mercury concentration of 1 ng/L for the Savannah River and point source discharges. The rationale for this target concentration is to protect human health from mercury toxicity causedmore » by the consumption of contaminated fish. Due to the complexity of mercury cycling, inadequate data and difficulty in quantifying nonpoint source loads of mercury, nonpoint source loads are not considered in this first phase of the TMDL.« less


This cross-sectional study identifies structural differences of the precentral gyrus among children with reported prenatal opioid exposure compared with children with no reported exposure, controlling for present social factors.


– Bird communities in five Atlantic forest fragments were studied using point counts of unlimited distance monthly, January to December of 1996, in the Londrina region (2317'S, 5115'W), Paraná State, southern Brazil. In four of these forest fragments, which are no farther than 1100 m from each other, the species number decreased and was strongly correlated with area size (r = 0.998, df = 2, P = 0.002): 134, 129, 113 and 106 species in fragments of 656 ha (only about 70 ha were sampled), 56 ha, 25 ha and 11 ha, respectively. In the fifth fragment of 60 ha, which is isolated by at least 2 km from any other large forest area, only 104 species were recorded. The mean number of species per month in the 656 ha fragment (64 ± 11.3 species) was statistically similar to that in the 56 ha (59.8 ± 8.1 species; P > 0.05) and 25 ha fragments (54.8 ± 6.1 species; P > 0.05) but not to the 11 ha fragment (49.5 ± 7.6 species; P < 0.05) or the isolated fragment of 60 ha (45.8 ± 7.3 species; P < 0.05, Tukey test). The community structure (taking into account the species` feeding habits) of the 25 ha fragment was similar to the 656 ha fragment, probably, because of a 100 m wide forest corridor connecting them (rs = 0.81); the other fragments, which were fully isolated, had lower correlation (rs < 0.72) to the 656 ha fragment. Increase of relative abundance with decrease in area size of fragments (density compensation) was found for 18 species. Although some general tendencies are presented in this study for certain bird groups, the effects of forest fragmentation are certainly species-specific. Accepted 20 August 2000.


This article aims to review the variation of house development in Malaysia. Currently, several categories of house property are available in Malaysia, which commonly includes terraces, bungalows, apartment, flat, condominium, and semi-D among others. The cost of property varies based on its category, size, and placement. The selling of a developing property is under the management of the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1966 ("HDA") for accommodation. Furthermore, HDA consists of some degrees of protection for homebuyers. The National Land Code 1965 (NLC) governs the tenure and land ownership in Peninsular Malaysia, and it was effective on 1st January 1965. Moreover, Sabah and Sarawak have enacted particular groups of rules, namely the Sabah Land Ordinance and the Sarawak Land Code, respectively. Notably, the variety of property names are essential as it contributes to various entitlements. Under the Torrens system in Malaysia, the individual with a position of the proprietor of the property name is perceived as the legal owner. Therefore, it is encouraged that the homebuyer performs a name search at the end of the land registry or office for verification regarding the details of the property name before purchasing it. Property names include the master, individual, strata, Bumiputera reserve, commercial, or residential. In the case of property tenure, it may either be freehold or leasehold. Homebuyers need to understand the various types of housing development in Malaysia for their security and protection.


The synthesis of bi metallic Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) , Zn(II) and U(VI) complexes with general st oichiometry ( H2L M(X2)(H2O)2) (where H 2L is the di-deprotanated ligand and X is chloride/ sulphate) were obta ined with the li- gand terephthaladehyde bis(thi osemicarbazone) (H 2L) and are discu ssed. The ligand and it s binuclear co mplexes were characterized b y m icro a nalysis (CHNS), 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, TG-DTA and conductance measurements. The thermal behaviour of these complexes showed that the hydrated complexes loose wat er molecules of hydration in the first ste p, followed i mmediately by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The molar conductance measurements of the complexes in DMF correspond to t he non-electrolytic nature of the c omplexes. Furthermore, the an tioxidant activity of the ligand and its complexes w ere det ermined in vit ro by the hy droxyl radical sc avenging, DPPH, NO and reducin g power methods. The obtain ed IC50 value of the DPPH a ctivity for complex 2 (IC50 = 0.254 M) was shown to be the best.


A recognizer trained with full-bandwidth speech performs badly when recognizing band-limited speech because of environment mismatch. In this paper, we have proposed a novel model synthesis method for band-limited speech recognition. It detects speech bandwidth automatically and synthesizes a new acoustic model only using a full-bandwidth model when the bandwidth has been changed. Experiments conducted on TIMIT/NTIMIT databases show that the proposed method has achieved substantial improvement over the baseline speech recognizer.


Several years ago, NASA shifted its unmanned space program to a faster-better-cheaper (FBC) management style. As opposed to complex spacecraft that cost billions of dollars and required a decade of development, FBC projects have reduced scopes and are developed in approximately three years for about $200 million. In order to examine the successful attributes and potential weaknesses of this new management style, we performed in 1997 and 1998, several case studies of such missions at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). We examined in detail three FBC missions, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Pathfinder (MPF), and Deep Space 1 (DS1), recognizing that MGS and to some extent MPF were of intermediate type because they had inherited either parts or staff training from previous missions. We also studied Cassini, the "last" of the flagship missions, as a base case for comparison. This study was performed before a few recent failures (e.g., Lewis, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander) that have attracted the attention of the public (and Congress) on the potential downsides and the management difficulties of the faster-better-cheaper mode of operation. We identified and describe in this paper, several management features of earlier FBC missions that seem to have contributed to their success. Yet, at that time already, we had cautioned NASA that our results were based on a very small sample. We pointed out that most of these features had potential downsides and we expressed some concerns about the long-term viability of some of these same features. Based on these case studies and on NASA's recent experience, we provide here a set of recommendations that should be helpful for the management of current and future FBC programs.


A Monte Carlo simulation approach to wind power modeling in capacity adequacy assessment of generation systems containing wind power facilities is proposed. This method is based on hourly random simulation to mimic the operation of a generation system, taking into account the fluctuating nature of wind speed, the random failures of generating units and recognized dependencies. The hourly wind speeds are forecast utilizing a time series method. Both the energy credit and capacity contribution of a wind energy conversion system can be quantitatively assessed using the proposed model. The IEEE Reliability Test System is used to illustrate the simulation procedure.<<ETX>>


In February of 1994, the Navy released a guidance document entitled Establishment of Restoration Advisory Boards. This guidance recommends that all Navy facilities with practicing Technical Review Committees (TRCs) transition these committees into Restoration Advisory Boards, or RABS. Subsequently, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in concert with the Department of Defense (DOD), issued similar draft guidance that also strongly recommends this transition to RABs be accomplished. The intent of creating RABs is to increase community participation in the federal facility environmental restoration process. The RAB`s mission is to provide an avenue for early, two-way communication between the affected community and the environmental decision makers. The Navy strongly believes that implementing RABs will accelerate cleanups by ensuring that the affected communities have a voice early in the restoration process. The Navy is implementing this guidance at a number of Navy facilities, including bases that have been targeted for closure. This paper discusses DOD and Navy policy and joint EPA and DOD guidelines for implementing RABs, techniques to recruit additional community members, the process for selecting RAB members, orientation of RAB members, and RAB operational considerations. It also provides insight into what the Navy has learned by establishing RABs.


The optimum industrial structure of a country or the area is decided by the resource natural endowment structure of this country or area. This text through U.S.A., Japan two analysis of industrial structure of country, is it set up competition advantage strategy come some enlightenment that optimize the structure of industry of Jiangsu to draw.


In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) has undergone a period of dramatic structural change, leaving many managers fulfilling roles that they have not been specifically trained to undertake. ...


The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place , Dean Introduction Construction of homes, roads, and other urban infrastructure modifies soil characteristics and usually results in high soil compaction, low rainfall infiltration, and restricted aeration (Craul 1985; Pouyat et al. 2007). Soil modification can be intentional to strengthen soil for engineered loads, such as house foundations and roadways, or unintentional as a result of heavy equipment usage and site traffic.


The need for the development of shorter and more effective techniques of psychotherapy justifies a careful investigation of any methods which offer this possibility. A number of therapeutic techniques (7, 15, 18, 20) now often subsumed under the heading of Behaviour Therapy (4) and based on various principles of learning theory call for examination, since their exponents claim that these methods can make therapy both shorter and more effective than can other methods, e.g., those based on psychoanalytic theory. Published reports of results with behaviour therapy to date consist largely of the assessment of results made by a therapist on his own patients, e.g., Wolpe (20, 21), Lazarus (9), Rachman (12). Cooper (2) studied results achieved by other therapists on thirty patients treated with various techniques of behaviour therapy. His survey included a comparison, using "blind" independent assessors, of a group of patients treated with behaviour therapy and a matched group of patients treated by other techniques. Cooper concluded that this comparison showed a definite advantage for behaviour therapy in the symptomatic treatment of phobias, but he could find no evidence supporting the claim of a superiority of the methods of behaviour therapy over conventional techniques in producing general changes. Unfortunately Cooper does not report the experience level of the therapists in his study except to say that they were a "variety of student and staff psychologists". Evidence for a superiority of behaviour therapy must derive from a controlled comparison of matched groups of patients treated with techniques of behaviour therapy and with other techniques by therapists of comparable competence. But, pending judgment from such a controlled study, we believe ample evidence exists that techniques of behaviour therapy do bring comparable improvements more rapidly than do other treatments in some patients. The greater precision and shortening of therapy for these patients would alone constitute a very notable advance in psychotherapy, apart from claims of a wider or general applicability of these techniques. For this reason we believe it important to investigate these various techniques in as much detail as possible. Wolpe describes the most important of them as systematic desensitization (20, 21).


The develpment of emergency rescue audio equipment for mines is very important to colliery safety production.This article explains how to embedded in windows starts CE development environment,through various kinds of signals LXI bus analysis and measuring and elaborated on in a mine of the audio device for measuring Goahead webservers and use of the PDA LabVIEW modules.Perfect effect has been achieved in the verification of S3C2410 development board.


The classical hybrid projection algorithm is modified by introducing a new algorithm for Lipschitz pseudo-contractive mappings in Hilbert spaces.Then a strong convergence theorem is proved by the modified algorithm and new analysis technique.The result answers an open question proposed by Marino and Xu and consequently,many recent corresponding results are extended to more general setting.


Background:  There has been debate about the use of an induction room (IR) compared with an operating room (OR) for inhalational induction in children. The quality of the anesthesia induction between these two physical environments has not been studied previously. We sought to compare child distress, OR utilization and efficiency, and parental satisfaction and safety, between an IR and an OR.


: Information other than object appraisal is not presented in kansei evaluation experiments. However, in actual consumer activities, consumers are also influenced by external information (stimuli) other than the image that the product itself holds, and finally arrive at the decision to purchase the item. In this study, for the purpose of analyzing the influence that the presentation of price has on kansei evaluation, we conducted kansei evaluation experiments with accessories that use Kanazawa gold leaf, one of the traditional crafts of Ishikawa prefecture, and compared the data on the kansei evaluation of the object on which the price was displayed to that of objects on which the cost was not displayed. On average, we was able to observe the relation of price in the kansei word of "expensive-looking ⇔ accessible" and that the presentation of value may partially influence the kansei evaluation. In the correspondence analysis, the compared results showed a change in the relationship between kansei words and object appraisal (accessories).


A new method has been proposed to determine the total rare earths and thorium in monazite sand with fluoride electrode. The total amount of thorium and rare earths could be determined by back-titration with standard lanthanum solution in excess fluoride, and the rare earths were titrated directly with fluoride from separate sample. Fluoride electrode was used as indicator electrode. Precision and accuracy were improved by Gran's plot technique.


ABSTRACT An incubation experiment was conducted to clarify how soil flooding influences the mobility of radioactive cesium (RCs: 134Cs and 137Cs) in paddy soil after aging, focusing on the effects of ammonium increase and soil reduction. We used two contaminated paddy soils (A and B, both Gleyic Fluvisols) aged for 26 months after the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, and analyzed both the RCs and stable cesium (133Cs). The soils were incubated in a flooded condition, with or without the addition of ammonium fertilizer, for 1, 15 and 30 d, and in an unflooded condition for 30 d. After the incubation periods, we quantified 133Cs concentration in the soil solution, 133Cs and RCs released from soil in 0.01 mol L–1 calcium chloride solution as parameters of release intensity, and 133Cs and RCs extracted with 1 mol L−1 ammonium acetate solution as exchangeable quantities, and analyzed their relationship with ammonium content and redox condition in soil. The increase of ammonium by both ammonification and fertilizer application promoted release of exchangeable 133Cs and RCs to the soil solution and calcium solution. When ammonium content became low during unflooded incubation, exchangeable 133Cs and RCs themselves decreased. When soil reduction progressed with flooded incubation, however, exchangeable 133Cs and RCs decreased, despite high ammonium content. To estimate the influence of soil reduction on the exchangeability of RCs, soil A was sequentially extracted with sodium hydrosulfite (a reducing agent) and ammonium acetate solutions. Compared with a control treatment using sodium sulfate instead of sodium hydrosulfite, the total RCs extracted by the reducing treatment was 42% lower, indicating that soil reduction decreases RCs exchangeability. Through these analyses of 133Cs and RCs, we conclude that soil flooding influences the mobility of aged RCs through two opposite effects: the release of exchangeable RCs into soil solution is enhanced with increased ammonium, while the exchangeable RCs itself decreases due to soil reduction.


The invention provides a secondary synchronization channel detection method and a secondary synchronization channel detection device. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring secondary synchronization signals (SSS) and channel estimation values in two cyclic prefix (CP) modes, wherein the two CP modes comprises an extended cyclic prefix (ECP) mode and a negative cyclic prefix (NCP) mode; performing coherent detection by utilizing the channel estimation values and the SSSs to obtain channel estimation equilibrium values of the SSSs in the two CP modes; and obtaining secondary synchronization signals to be detected according to the channel estimation equilibrium values and a local candidate sequence, and detecting the secondary synchronization signals to be detected. By the method and the device, the problems of interference in the SSS in a channel environment, low response signal accuracy and low system reliability and stability in related technologies can be solved.


DEM data error is different from DEM's terrain representation error.This paper focuses on the relationship among DEM data error,terrain representation error and slope accuracy based on high resolution and high accuracy DEM.The result shows that(1)data error reduces with the increase of the cell size,while terrain representation error rises rapidly;(2)slope error firstly reduces and then increases.The lowest point of slope error's trend is an important point.At this point,the corresponding cell size is the most suitable cell size of DEM.The cell size is not only related to the DEM data error,but also closely related to the terrain complexity.This paper makes them clear about the source and characteristics of slope error derived from DEM.


The Malo's clinical ceramic bridge is the most aesthetically advanced form of fixed prosthodontic rehabilitation for the fully edentulous patients. This prosthesis is the epitome of biomedical engineering combined with Computer aided design/ computer assisted machine CAD/CAM technology. The bridge is initially constructed as a removable occlusal screw retained superstructure on four titanium implants placed according to the All-on4 concept. The approach is to rehabilitate the fully edentulous jaw by placing only four titanium implants in each jaw, 2 anterior implants placed axially and 2 posterior implants placed distally tilted within the mandibular parasymphyseal region in case of mandible, through a quick and minimally invasive procedure using All-on-4 surgical protocol. These implants were immediately loaded with a full fixed acrylic prosthesis within 2 hours of surgery and after 3-4 months when the healing and osseointegration phase has reached it is replaced by a bridge of more stronger and durable material. The implant acts as a foundation for Malo's bridge which allows for the placement for a fixed set of teeth, in all similar to natural teeth. The final result is a fixed (non-removable) natural looking dentition.


Abstract : The nuclear threat remains a top priority for the United States government; there are many agencies whose sole focus is thwarting terrorist actions. As layer upon layer of both passive and active defensive measures are employed, the research community continues to bear new tools to aid in detection of radiological material. Incorporating and developing tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for those devices becomes a challenge in and of itself. For this thesis, the Polaris 2.1 Gamma Ray Imaging Radiation Detection Device (Polaris) was selected as the technology to be modeled. The platform, Simkit, was utilized to create a discrete event simulation (DES) model of the Polaris. After carefully constructing the DES, multiple simulations were run measuring the time to detect all radiation sources in the simulated environment. Then, all data and parameters from the simulation were used for statistical analysis to determine significant factors in the DESfor example, not only was the strength of the radiation source significant, but so was the amount of variance introduced into the DES. These results are non-intuitive and pave a path for further research to enhance the DES and find the optimal TTPs for this device from both the tactical and operational perspectives.


Zinc (Zn), indium (In), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), is made of gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge) and oxygen (O), 40 ~ 80 ㏖% as a Zn content of ZnO basis, the in content of the 3 ~ 25 ㏖%, 5 ~ 35 ㏖%, a Ga content of Ga According to the present invention, DC sputtering is possible to lower the bulk resistivity, the desired refractive index or transmittance, and further may form a transparent conductive film having excellent chemical properties.


Trauma-informed school practices require enactment of trauma-informed principles including prioritizing students' physical and psychological safety, connection, cultural responsiveness, and student empowerment. These principles frequently challenge teachers' preexisting beliefs about rules, consequences, and the intention behind student behaviors. In this case, an early career principal must address the actions of several teachers who chose to reinstate a previously existing seclusion room that had been transformed into a food pantry. The case highlights issues in supporting staff divided around school change, being an early career school leader in a rural school with high leadership turnover, and managing relationships between staff and external school partners.


The oxidation of D-[U-C-14[glucose, L-[1-C-14]leucine, L-[U-C-14]leucine, L-[U-C-14]glutamine and L[U-C-14]arginine by BRIN-BD11 cells, which represent a novel insulin-secreting cell line obtained by electrofusion of tumoural and normal islet cells, was compared to the oxidation of the same nutrients in the parent tumoural RINm5F cells. The oxidation of D-[U-C-14]glucose, L[U-C-14]glutamine and L-[U-C-14]arginine by BRIN-BD11 cells was equal to or higher than that found in RINm5F cells, whilst the opposite situation prevailed in the case of C-14-labelled L-leucine. These findings suggest a more efficient contribution of the Krebs cycle to overall ATP generation in the hybrid cells than in the parent tumoural cells.


Evaluation of Education I for the Handicapped plans at the time that the PPT had made its placement decision. A large percentage of PPT chairmen were aware of their responsibility to review the continued appropriateness of students' programs. Approximately 78% responded that PPTs were to make final decisions for this activity, 17% said PPTs were to offer suggestions, and 5% were not aware of the responsibility.