The temporal distribution of aquatic insects in relation to habitat conditions was assessed in some northern Venezuelan Neotropical wetlands. The hypothesis that abiotic and biotic factors interacting in time may simultaneously explain the commu- nity structure of aquatic organisms was evaluated. Larval insects were sampled over a one-year period in five wetland types; 13 variables were quantified to describe each habitat. Partial redundancy analysis was used on insect abundance data to partition the variance into four components: a) pure environmental variation without seasonal effect, b) seasonal variation of environmental factors, c) pure temporal factors (months), and d) unexplained variation. Our results showed that pure and temporally- structured environmental factors (a + b) explained between 30 % and 58 % of the varia- tion of insect abundances within wetlands, whereas pure temporal factors also signifi- cantly contributed 13 % - 29 % to variation in taxa abundance. Physical factors (rainfall and water depth), wetland trophic state (phytoplankton), and water chemistry (mainly CO2 and alkalinity) were significantly associated to community structure variability. We hypothesize that the interplay of trophic conditions, related chemical conditions, wetland duration, and insect life history patterns, all of which are mediated by seasonal fluctuation in rainfall, could largely account for the temporal distribution of the insect taxa in these wetlands.


During the length of this thesis, we conceived and developed the idea of an automatic wearable bracelet that can monitor a patient's health status. The thesis consists of four chapters with each one detailing the thought process and construction of the device.
Firstly, there is a historical review of the evolution in medical engineering and all the milestones that lead to modern biotechnology, with an emphasis on devices worn by the user i.e wearable gadgets. Following up, we have the chapter detailing the constructional part of the project, starting with the selection of each part that the device consists of and their characteristics, to the technical design and how it brings all the parts in a cohesive working machine. This chapter is called hardware analysis. The next chapter analyzes the gadget's function scenario as well as the code written for the device to meet its requirements. We begin with the software analysis by finalizing the variables, followed by the once-occurring function in which some required installations take place, then the basic program function and lastly all the required functions that were designed to complement the initial code. As technology is constantly evolving, it is only logical that there is always room for improvements and upgrades. The fourth chapter details all the conclusions made and every problem that occurred during the idea's implementation, as well as observations and ideas that can improve and make the bracelet's function more sophisticated.


The debate over "Do Not Track" offers an excellent microcosm for understanding the larger privacy policy discourse. Arguments for giving users a tool to express their privacy preferences exert enormous rhetorical appeal. Those arguing for versions of DNT that are more restrictive of the collection and use of information about user behavior essentially insist that "We're merely giving users a choice!" Who could possibly be against letting users choose for themselves? Why should anyone else get to choose for us — especially companies that seem to be profiting from the ignorance or helplessness of users?Tools like "Do Not Track" (and "privacy friendly" interfaces more generally) are usually justified as simply offering users a means of expressing their true preferences. But such choice architectures are anything but neutral: even with the best of intentions and in the name of facilitating user choice, choice architects will produce outcomes that users would not have chosen if they could make fully rational decisions in a frictionless world without transactions costs. This is the essential paradox of user empowerment. To avoid the paradox of user empowerment to the greatest extent possible, choice architects must understand how their proposed choice architecture will shape real world outcomes, and the impact that will have on these many competing values.


Interest in photography be it professional or as a hobby is growing constantly. It is therefore not at all surprising that more questions are asked about the performance of lenses before a person decides on the purchase of a camera or a new lens. Such questions cannot be answered in just a few words because, in evaluating a photographic lens, a great number of factors has to be taken into consideration. The following article may furnish valuable hints to anyone interested in the study of image quality in photographic lenses.


The right measurement of a nation's informatization level is an important national task that enables informatization level to be improved for a nation, a society, and, an individual, and that, furthermore, prevents various side effects of informatization. Information Culture Index is an informatization index that was developed by Korea National Information Society Agency. The index was originally developed to test informatization of every citizen. The index consists of 3 areas and items for each area. The ultimate purpose of the index is to lead right information culture for every citizen and protect each citizen from any side effect of informatization. In this study, correlation between income and Information Culture Index is analyzed. The correlation analysis is performed based on national survey results for information culture status of Korea. According to statistical analysis from 3-year national survey works, it is concluded that there is a meaningful correlation between income and Application area. It means that, the higher income, the higher Use level is. For the other two areas, Cognition and Norm, there is no meaningful correlation.


In late 1990 I found myself in the Department of Manuscripts at the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh working on what was supposed to be a short-term project. The aim was to create a listing of uncataloged archival material relating to the eminent Edinburgh publishers William Blackwood & Sons. Famous for publishing George Eliot, Joseph Conrad, John Buchan, and Anthony Trollope, as well as for their monthly Blackwood's Magazine, the firm was a major presence in Edinburgh from 1805 to 1980. Over the years, most of their papers have accumulated in the National Library of Scotland, making the Blackwood Papers one of the most complete archives of publishing activity to be found anywhere in Britain. I spent nine months trying to tackle this mountain of correspondence, financial records, ledgers and ephemera. Over a decade and several academic posts later, I am still in Edinburgh, and still digging through this mound of historical documentation. One of the most intriguing of untold tales, and one of extreme importance for historians of Africa, is to be found scattered throughout the correspondence files of the firm, and centers round three items innocuously labeled in the NLS catalog as "MS. 4872-4. John Hanning Speke. Manuscript and proofs of Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile." Speke's role in African exploration is well known. His connection with Richard Burton in the attempt to find the source of the Nile in the late 1850s led to success and spectacular conflict.


Research on the structure of amino acids is important for the prediction of protein structures.Currently,dihedral angles are utilized to analyze the geometry of amino acids.It is difficult to evaluate the structural diversity of amino acids with such methods due to its Abstractness.A new method for description of amino acid geometry,called C′ plot,was proposed in this paper.The relative coordinates of carboxylic carbon atoms C′ in three-dimensional graphics were displayed to describe the amino acid geometry.This method has better performance in visualization than that of dihedral angles,and is convenient to analyze the structural diversity of same amino acids in peptide fragments.Moreover,the structural diversity is expected to be evaluated by calculating the distance between two farthest points in the scatter plot.The proposed method is a promising one for the research on amino acids structure.


Objective:To observe the impact of rahabilitation,acupunture,acupunture combine rehaibilitation to spleen index,IL-2 of immunosuppressive rat model.Method:To divided 32 healthy SD rats(male,weight 200-250g) into 4groups randomly:model group,acupunture group,rehabilatation group,acupunture combine rehabilitation group,each with 8 rats.Treat each group by acupunture or rehabilitation except the model group,once per day,10 days later,took the spleen and the blood serum of the rats.Caculate the spleen index.Use radioimmunoassay and malondialdehydein(MDA) technique to test contents of IL-2 of each group.Result:(1)Compared with the model group,the spleen index of rat the acupunture combine rehabilitation group,rehabilitation group increased,with significant difference(P0.05).(2)Compared the acupunture group,the spleen index of rat the acupunture combine rehabilitation group,rehabilitation group increased,with significant difference(P0.05).(3)Compared with the model group,the contents of rats' IL-2 of the acupunture group,rehabilitation group increased,with significant difference(P0.05),the acupunture combine rehabilitation group,with great significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion:(1)Acupunture combine rehaibilitation treatment can increase the spleen index of immunosuppressive rat.(2)Acupunture and rehaibilitation can increase the contents of rats' IL-2,acupunture combine rehaibilitation work much better.


In this thesis we develop a new criterion for the congruence subgroup problem in the case of arithmetic groups of $\SU(2,1)$, which in principle can be checked using a computer. Our main theorem states that if there exists a prime $q>3$ and a congruence subgroup $\Gamma'\subset \SU(2,1)(\Z)$ such that the restriction map $H^{2}(\SU(2,1)(\Z), \F_{q}) \rightarrow H^{2}(\Gamma',\F_{q})$ is not injective, then the congruence kernel of $\SU(2,1)$ is infinite.


This paper proposes interference suppression schemes by linear combining for wireless multiuser relay communications. Interference from base stations and relays in neighboring cells degrades bit error rate (BER) performance of mobile stations (MSs) near cell boundaries. To suppress such interference for half-duplex relay systems, the proposed methods linearly combine received signals of the first and second phases at MS. Without channel state information (CSI) feedback, weight coefficients for the linear combining are first evaluated under the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion and then estimated by the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. The MMSE combining requires information on preamble symbols of all MSs for channel estimation whereas the RLS-based linear combining requires only information on those of the target MS. In addition to the preamble symbols, the RLS algorithm can use detected symbols, which performs the decision-directed estimation. Computer simulations for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission under two-cell and frequency selective fading conditions are conducted. It is demonstrated that the RLS-based linear combining with the decision-directed estimation is superior to the RLS-based linear combining using only the preamble and can slightly outperform the MMSE combining with imperfect CSI under low average Eb/N0 when the number of preamble symbols is as small as four.


This article introduces the research and application methods of the Russian medicinal and edible fungus inonotus obliquus in the treatment of influenza, which has shown that Inonotus obliquushas certain inhibiting effect on respiratory viruses and can be used to treat influenza .Besides, it could be combined with herbal plants like Echinacea, Acorus calamus L. root, Anisum, Cerasus vulgaris Mill. gum, Syzygium aromaticum, Geranium flower, Chamomilla recutita, Myristica, Origanum vulgare L., which have effect on treatinginfluenza andrehabilitation.

Key words:
Medicinal fungi; Inonotus obliquus; Influenza; Antiviral; Compatibility; Russia


The present invention has been decorated with a particular thermal stability of the ink particles to the decorative method is applied by flexography in a carbon-based resin, non-tacky coating with fluoro, decoration is selectively colored with a hyper-consists of a realistic pattern.


Private property creates monopoly power. Common ownership can restore allocative efficiency, but it also destroys incentives for investments in the "capital" value common to all potential owners of an asset. Property rights should thus balance ex-ante capital investment and ex-post allocative efficiency through partial common ownership. A universal, self-assessed property tax with a universal right to force a sale at the self-assessed value implements this partial common ownership and is generically efficiency-enhancing compared to pure private ownership. At present, a range of calibrations suggests a 10% annual rate is robustly near optimal, implying expropriation of more than two thirds of capital income. However, the easiest application of our approach may be to assets with limited capital investment opportunities and administratively assigned property rights, such as radio spectrum or internet addresses, where taxes should be set at a higher rate equal to the (socially efficient) rate of annual asset turnover. This rate nonetheless retains some private ownership.


In the present study a method for co-culture of fungal endophytic strains and grape cells was developed in order to study their interactions, and filter candidates for further safe inoculation in the vineyard. Analysis of morphological and physiological traits was performed by measuring the plant callus and fungal growth, plant cells viability, degree of cell oxidation and the scale of contact or its absence as reaction of the fungal endophyte to the presence of the plant callus. Accordingly, endophytic fungal strains (EFS) were classified on scale of invasion into categories (strong - medium - weak invasive), as well as the contact between the two partners (grow into - grow onto - contact - no contact) and the grape cell oxidation degree (normal (no oxidation) - light - moderate - serious). More included the dominance and distribution of EFS in the plant host, and correlation plots of physiological traits during plant callus and endophytic fungi co–culture were calculated.


A large scale database MSDRD on mechanical properties of structural materials was constructed by the Research Group for Statistical Aspects of Materials Strength. In order to extract and analyze the material strength data from MSDRD, the software of STANAD was also developed by this research group. In the present study, fatigue data of aluminum alloys such as 2024-T4 and 5083BE-O were analyzed by using the STANAD. Paying particular attention to the statistical feature of the crack initiation and propagation behaviors, statistical fatigue properties were theoretically analyzed for smooth and notched specimens. It was finally found that P-S-N characteristics and fatigue live distributions in a wide stress range were well explained by the present analytical model.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry. The method for manufacture of flavour food industry goods based on fat masses is characterised by the following steps: initial materials loading into a device (10), the initial materials stirring in the device (10) as well as setting of the required temperature and consistency of processing, the stirred initial materials dilution in the device (10) by way of addition of at least one fat substance and/or at least one vegetable oil, the produced fat mass fine grinding due to the mode of circulation between the device (10) and the grinding unit (12). The method for manufacture of flavour food industry goods based on fat masses, preferably chocolate, is characterised by the following steps: initial materials loading into a device (10), the initial materials stirring in the device (10) as well as setting of the required temperature and consistency of processing, dry conching of the initial materials in the device (10), the stirred initial materials dilution in the device (10) by way of addition of at least one fat substance and/or at least one vegetable oil, the produced fat mass fine grinding due to the mode of circulation between the device (10) and the grinding unit (12). The fat mass is represented by a mixture, a filling mass, glaze or chocolate. EFFECT: invention allows to create an efficient method for manufacture of flavour food industry goods with efficient expenditure of energy and resources. 35 cl, 3 dwg


BACKGROUND: Occasional cases of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) demonstrate severe and persistent hemolysis and are referred to as hyperhemolysis syndrome. This syndrome usually occurs in patients with sickle cell disease and possibly thalassemia who receive multiple transfusions. There are few such clinical reports in patients without hemoglobinopathies.


The paper presents an experimental investigation of the retention and transport properties of a light hydrocarbon pollutant (Soltrol) in unsaturated compacted samples of a low-plasticity Jossigny silt. Based on the work of Busby et al. and Steffy et al., a special multiphase cell was developed that allowed for the independent control of oil, water and air pressures. Oil retention curves of samples compacted at various densities and water contents were determined, together with oil permeability calculated using the methods of Gardner and Kunze & Kirkham. Microstructure investigations based on mercury intrusion porosimetry were conducted to help interpret the results. It was observed that the initial water degree of saturation of the soil conditioned the extent of oil infiltration. In the samples studied, the intra-aggregate pores were saturated with water, and oil infiltration affected only the inter-aggregate pores. For very loose samples, although some physico-chemical interactions were suspected between...


The internal friction and the Young modulus defect were investigated in polycrystalline silicon bronze during deformation at temperatures 200-400 K. Ultrasonic vibrations of about 100 kHz were excited and measurements of the internal friction and of the defect, as well as of the amplitude-frequency characteristics, were made by the composite vibrator method. Internal friction peaks accompanied by jump-like changes in the resonance frequency of the vibrator were observed during deformation of two types of bronzes. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibrator had two maxima in the vicinity of the internal friction peaks


This paper, based on my Ph.D. thesis entitled The «New man» in the Pedagogical Discourse of João de Barros, can be traced back to two main sources: first, the interdisciplinary approach to the mythe-symbolic problem which the Centre de Recherche sur L' Imagi-naire (CRI – Grenoble, France) has carried out, and, second, the importance given to the «new man» theme by the Portuguese republican ideology and by João de Barros. This is therefore a study of the connection between myth and ideology taking as a point of de-parture both Barros's and the Republic's (1910-1926) pedagogical works. Among the latter are the texts about the Republican Reformations of Teaching and the Pedagogical Conferences. So as to detect the mythical traces which the «new man» theme in the pedagogical discourse of the author of Educação Republicana , I will in the first section, deal with the «new man» theme and its corresponding archetype. In the second section, I will carry out a myth-analytical analysis of the texts by João de Barros and of the republican context. Therefore I will outline the profile of the «new man» which occupies the mental and cultural structures of the 1st Republic and, likewise, of the author under focus. I will also poit out that this «new man» derives from a mythical background formed by Prometheus and Androgynous.


Purpose: We sought to determine the long-term outcome of surgical management for gastrointestinal Crohns's disease (CD) and to find out whether there is any improvement over the time period. Methods: We analyzed the records of the 102 patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal CD excluding perianal CDbetween 1978 and 2007. A cumulative surgical recurrence rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. Results: The main sites of CD were ileocecal area in 54.5%, followed by small bowel (29.7%) and large bowel (7.9%). Common indications for operation were obstruction (25.7%), diagnostic purpose (20.8%), and failure of medical treatment (12.9%). The operation performed were ileocolectomy including right hemicolectomy in 53 cases (45.3%), small bowel resection in 38 cases (31.7%), and strictureplasty 12 cases (10.0%, including 11 cases combined with bowel resection). The average follow-up period after operation was 6.4years (range: 0.5∼29 yr, median: 5.3 yr). Among all patients, 22 (21.6%) underwent operations for recurrence. The re-operation rate was higher in the younger patients group (age at diagnosis less than 25 years) (34.1% vs. 12.1%, P<0.05), and in case of the patients whose length of initial intestinal resection was less than 40 cm (27.9% vs. 7.7%, P<0.05). The overall cumulative re-operation rates at 5years, 10years and 15years were 15%, 25%, and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: Despite recent advances in medical therapy, the cumulative re-operation rate of patients operated for gastrointestinal CD remains similar to our previous report in 1997.


Orest T. Martynowych. The Showman and the Ukrainian Cause: Folk Dance, Film, and the Life of Vasile Avramenko . Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2014. 219 pp. Photographs. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $27.95, paper.


ABSTRACT Navajo Tribal Government is explained in a booklet for ninth grade civics students. The booklet emphasizes basic information drawn from the Navajo Tribal Code and includes a pre-post test and teacher, group and individual activities which stress finding, organizing, and communicating information. The three branches of tribal government--legislative, executive and judicial--are explained. Black and white illustrations and special typographical features help define relationships among the government agencies. Information is presented in outline and question-answer formats with large print. Photographs of past and present tribal chairmen and a detailed map of the Navajo reservation supplement the booklet. (LFL)


Deep learning (DL)-based specific emitter identification (SEI) is a potential physical layer authentication technique for Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) Security, which detects the individual emitter according to its unique signal features resulting from transmitter hardware impairments. The success of DL-based SEI often depends on sufficient training samples and the integrity of samples' labels. The extensive deployment of wireless devices generates a huge amount of signals, but signals labeling is quite difficult and expensive with the high demand for expertise. In this article, we present an SEI method based on dual consistency regularization (DCR), which enables feature extraction and identification using a few labeled samples and a large number of unlabeled samples. With the help of pseudo labeling, we leverage consistency between the predicted class distribution of weakly augmented unlabeled training samples and that of strongly augmented training unlabeled samples, and consistency between semantic feature distribution of labeled samples and that of pseudo-labeled samples, which takes the unlabeled samples into account to model parameter tuning for a more accurate emitter identification. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that compared with well-known semi-supervised learning-based SEI methods, our method obtains 99.77% identification accuracy on a WiFi data set and 90.10% identification accuracy on an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data set when only 10% of training samples are labeled, and improves the identification accuracy on the WiFi data set and the ADS-B data set by more than 19.07% and 5.30%, respectively. Our codes are available at https://github.com/lovelymimola/DCR-Based-SemiSEI.


In the conventional power, the use of fossil fuels as the main fuel is a significant contrast to the issues of running out backup sources of fuel is. As a consequence the demand on human about electricity, then the solution must be sought on the
utilization of electricity with alternative renewable energy. One of the alternative renewable energy that currently receive adequate attention be entrepreneurs and scientists in the field of energy, is
wind energy utilization to move the wind turbine to meet the needs of human about electricity. At the end of this final project will be carried out studies on the utilization of ocean wind to running the type of vertical wind turbine H-Darrieus is intended
to meet the needs of lighting load on the Suramadu bridge. Wind speed data from the average lowest is 8.63 m / s obtained power of 3.72 kW for each turbine that is used to serve the lighting load
of 79 kW, so the total installed turbine is 26 turbine. To anticipate the assumption of lack of wind for two hours, use a 27 of charged batteries by a turbine at 6583.33 Ah. As a final result later on, be
the making of the wiring diagram in accordance with the planning of design.


The recent trend of using Graphics Processing Units (GPU's) for high performance computations is driven by the high ratio of price performance for these units, complemented by their cost effectiveness. At first glance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers match perfectly to GPU resources because these solvers make intensive calculations and use relatively little memory. Nevertheless, there are scarce results about the practical use of this serious advantage of GPU over CPU, especially for calculations of viscous, compressible, heat-conductive gas flows with double precision accuracy. In this paper, two GPU algorithms according to time approximation of convective terms were presented: explicit and implicit scheme. To decrease data transfers between device memories and increase the arithmetic intensity of a GPU code we minimize the number of kernels. The GPU algorithm was implemented in one kernel for the implicit scheme and two kernels for the explicit scheme. The numerical equations were put together using macros and optimization, data copy from global to private memory, and data reuse were left to the compiler. Thus keeps the code simpler with excellent maintenance. As a test case, we model the flow past squares in a microchannel at supersonic speed. The tests show that overall speedup of AMD Radeon R9 280X is up to 102x compared to Intel Core i5-4690 core and up to 184x compared to Intel Core i7-920 core, while speedup of NVIDIA Tesla M2090 is up to 11x compared to Intel Core i5-4690 core and up to 20x compared to Intel Core i7-920 core. Memory requirements of GPU code are improved compared to CPU one. It requires 1[GB] global memory for 5.9 million finite volumes that are two times less compared to C++ CPU code. After all the code is simple, portable (written in OpenCL), memory efficient and easily modifiable moreover demonstrates excellent performance.


Low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) was used to investigate the atomic structure of an Sc–O/W(100) surface acting as a Schottky emitter in order to elucidate a marked reduction in the work function of the Sc–O/W(100) Schottky emitter surface. The results of our LEED observation of the Sc–O/W(100) surface at room temperature revealed that a p(2 × 1) and p(1 × 2) double‐domain structure is formed on the surface. This reconstructed structure exhibited no changes when heated to 1400 K, and continued to remain stable even when held at 1400 K. These results strongly suggest that the p(2 × 1) and p(1 × 2) double‐domain structure is formed by scandium–oxygen electric dipoles on the W(100) surface, leading to a marked reduction in the work function of the Sc–O/W(100) surface at the operating temperature of the Sc–O/W(100) Schottky emitter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The elaboration of geographies is a fundamental task in any action of conquest of new territories. In the case of Lake Maracaibo and The Gulf of Venezuela,...


The chemistry of the azido (N 3) ligand coordinated to late transition metals has received continual interests because of interesting magnetic, structural, and reactivity properties, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to give heterocycles and the thermal or photochemical N − bond cleavage to give metal −imido (M=N−R) compounds. 1-5 In particular, group 10 metal −azido compounds containing phosphine or amine ligands have been intensely studied owing to their novel reactivity such as the formation of metal nitrides or clusters. 6-11


SUMMARY High-amplitude swell noise is a common sort of noise in marine seismic surveys. It can obscure the lower amplitude signals of interest and result in erroneous imaging and conse-quently wrong interpretations of the data. Therefore, it is of great importance to attenuate them in the early processing steps. In this paper we propose a new alternating minimization technique for swell noise attenuation which is based on non-negative matrix factorization of the power spectrum of the time-frequency representation of the signal and noise components of the data. The key element of our method is that the noise has sufficiently different time-frequency characteristics with respect to the signals of interest. The noise component is trained by a data-driven dictionary learning step. We have successfully applied this technique to a shot gather largely contaminated by swell noise. The swell noise is reduced significantly with very little impacts on the useful signals. We suggest that this method can be applied to ground roll attenuation as well.


A report by Mike Nicholson on The Liquid Page, a one-day symposium, which was collaboration between Tate Britain and academics from the University College for the Creative Arts at Maidstone who have established a Communication Design 'research cluster'.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of RapidEye imagery in mapping agricultural land cover and land use types in Songnen Plain, northeast China. A new object-oriented decision tree classifier is applied to analyze the classification results of spectral feature inputs from RapidEye imagery. The incorporation of a red edge band in multi-spectral RapidEye sensor has great potential for improving agricultural land cover and land use classification. The highest positive effects are observed for vegetation classes in the study area.


The evolution of optical spectrograph design and its implementation at ESO since 1980 is sketched out from the point of view of the instrumentation with which I have been closely involved. The instruments range from the early days of EFOSC, EMMI, UVES, GIRAFFE to the present-day X-shooter and important optical design features, such as the use of focal reducers and the white light pupil principle, are highlighted.


The above article, first published online on 13 April 2017 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com) has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief, E.A. Joosten, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed at the request of the authors, who advised that it has been brought to their attention that some of the long‐term outcome data set may no longer be easily and independently verifiable. The Editor‐in‐Chief, therefore, has made the decision to retract the article based on the information as specified in the authors' request attributable to honest error on behalf of the authors.


BACKGROUND: UniFed SBR is a novel process that can achieve high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus removal simultaneously in a simple single SBR tank. In this study, effects of influent C/N ratio, influent C/P ratio and volumetric exchange ratio on biological phosphorus removal in UniFed SBR process were investigated in a lab-scale UniFed apparatus treating real domestic wastewater.

RESULTS: The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/N ratio increased from 27% at 2.8 to 88% at 5.7. For C/N ratios 6.5 and above, complete phosphorus removal could be achieved. When C/N ratios and volumetric exchange ratio were fixed at 6 and 33%, respectively, phosphorus removal efficiency remained at 100% for C/P ratios higher than 33; effluent phosphate concentration was below the detection limit. For C/P ratios lower than 33, phosphorus removal efficiency decreased linearly with C/P ratio. Under the same influent C/N ratio and C/P ratio, the following factors all contributed to better phosphorus removal performance: greater volumetric exchange ratio; more organic substrate for PAOs to utilize, less inhibition by NOx− of phosphorus release during the feed/decant period; more PHB synthesized; and more aerobic phosphate uptake.

CONCLUSION: High influent C/N ratio, high C/P ratio and high volumetric exchange ratio were beneficial to phosphorus removal in this process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


Natural products have served humankind as drug leads for thousands of years. In the last century natural products have not only served as drugs but have inspired the generation of countless synthetic drugs and drug-leads around natural product pharmacophores. There are no disease targets for which natural products have played a more significant role than in the case of malaria and other parasitic diseases. In this review the significance of the manzamine class of marine alkaloids is presented as an example of the future utility of the oceans in the development of antiparasitics. The manzamines represent one of the few new structural classes identified in recent decades with potential for the control of malaria and tuberculosis. While considerable work remains to successfully optimize this class of drug-leads the novel pharmacophore and significant metabolic stability combined with a rapid onset of action and long half-life all strongly support further investigations of this group of potential drug candidates.


The characteristics of dislocation distribution of a commercially produced multi-crystalline silicon ingot and its influence on cell performance were investigated. The dislocation of a multi-crystalline silicon ingot with a weight of 450kg was measured with the etch pits method. The measurement was made on bricks cut from the corner, the edge, as well as from the center of the ingot. It was found that the dislocation density increases from the bottom to the top and the dislocation density at the top section is at least three times higher than that of at the bottom, while the dislocation density of the corner brick is generally lower than that of the center brick at the same height. The potential influence of such characteristics of dislocation was further investigated through phosphorus gettering process. It was found that the improvement on minority lifetime through gettering is directly related to the dislocation density. The results indicated that the dislocation density is one of the key limiting factors for the performance of mc-Si wafer.


Background: Neonatal sepsis stays one of the main sources of morbidity and mortality both among infant in ICU, in light of the planning of the disease neonatal sepsis has been categorized into early and late-onset sepsis, where the latter occurs after one week of life and is often more insidious in onset than the former. Objective: To detect the rate of Serratia marcescens infection in neonatal sepsis in ICU by molecular technique. Methods: A total of 50 neonates with the age group 8 days to 30 days who were admitted to AL-Kadhumiya Teaching Hospital/ Baghdad during the period January to March ,2017 were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Approximately 3 ml of venous blood were obtained from each patients. These samples were examined for septicemia by blood culturing followed by API20 for quick identification of relevant bacteria. Furthermore, bacteria DNA was isolated directly from blood samples, and conventional PCR based on luxS gene, highly specific to S. marcescens, was achieved. Results: Blood culture were positive in 36(72 %) out of 50 samples; the most common bacterial causes were Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.8%) and Serratia marcescens (11.1%), Molecular method revealed specific amplification of luxS gene in 12 samples (24%). Conclusion: Serratia marcescens has risen as a most widely recognized causative agent in late onset sepsis.


The Corona (COVID-19) virus outbreak has led many universities and other higher education institutions to close temporarily across the globe. In order not to disrupt exams and prolong students' enrolment periods, some such institutions are exploring the option of delivering classes online. This short paper outlines ways to rapidly and inexpensively move courses online. Recommendations in this paper are based on principles from research into communities of inquiry (COI), as well as a tried and tested content structuring framework (SCATE) developed at a large British university. They are also based on my own experiences of leading online degree programmes and teaching online courses.


Gravitational wave burst high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)is a new experiment to search for the gamma ray burst coincident with gravitational wave. GECAM detects 8 keV-2 MeV gamma rays using 25 X and gamma ray detectors(GRDs)and reconstructs the localization of the gravitational wave sources by the GRDs. Each GRD module is made of LaBr3 scintillator, SiPM array and a preamplifier board. The large dynamic range of GRD is achieved by the high gain and low gain channels of the preamplifier. This article presents the results of the X and gamma ray detections of the GRD prototype, characterized using a set of radioactive sources over the range 5.9-1332.5 keV. The GRD module performance of linearity and energy resolution was investigated. The typical energy resolution of 5.3%@662 keV FWHM was measured and it is within the requirements for GECAM(8%@662 keV). The tested results of GECAM gamma ray detector prototype shows the feasibility for using such module in GECAM first development pahse. The results of this study will be used in support of GECAM and future developments are concluded.


Review of literature shows that intervention of information and communic technologies (ICT) in rural development initiatives are capable of development, bu not successful. Lack of community participation, absence of an integrated approac non-inclusion of traditional knowledge systems (TKS) in the project designs ar major impediments. We therefore suggest a systems-based approach in the desi e-Governance projects, and brief some future directions. The proposed framewo based on participatory approach with inclusion of relevant TKS, has a bi-direc Citizen to Government (G2C2G) interface and a feedback mechanism. The prime g that rural e-Governance projects serve as means to attain good-governanc enhancing sustained rural development.


The way of utilizing the error correcting code in digital signalling of celluiarmobile telecommunication systems is described in this paper,The decode principleof(63,51)BCH code and its decoder design method of hardware and software arediscussed in detail.The software deeode method of truncated BCH code proposedin this paper has the advantages of real time ability,accuracy,reliability and easyrealization.It satisfies the requirements of practical use.


Recent researches confirm by mathematical modelling the convenience to reduce the fraction of fine droplets produced by the nozzles used for pesticide distribution on agricultural crops, in order to cut the losses of agrochemicals by drift in the environment. A laboratory testing was carried out with the aim to investigate about the effect of spray thickeners as adjuvants; trials were conducted under controlled environmental conditions to measure spray drift with wind velocity of 1, 3 and 5 m/s and relative humidity of 30, 50 and 70%, with a temperature of 27 °C. The results confirmed the predictions of mathematical modelling, suggesting in the meanwhile that spray thickeners are able to modify the dimensional spectrum of the population of droplets produced by the nozzles thus removing a significant part of drift prone droplets.


Objective: To provide information about knowledge of adverse effects of psychotropic medications in a group of female veteran and nonveteran psychiatric outpatients. Design: Questionnaire. Setting: Westside Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Patients: Thirty-five female psychiatric outpatients, 17 from the VA Medical Center and 18 from UIC. Main Outcome Measure: Number of adverse effects patients were able to recognize. Results: Veterans demonstrated significantly more knowledge of adverse effects than did nonveterans for antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic medications. Conclusions: The data support the provision of extensive personalized psychoeducation consisting of structured group programs for didactic lessons, discussion, and question and answer, such as those provided by the VA Medical Center studied here. As funding for mental services decreases, clinicians should recognize the ongoing benefits that personalized interactive patient education can provide.


The dielectric constant of pure dioxane was measured in the liquid and the solid state. The dielectric constants of dioxane solutions dissolved in various solvents were also measured. Using Clausius-Mosotti relation, the molecular polarization of dioxane was computed. The computed value was dependent neither upon the state (solid liquid, solution) nor upon the temperature, and agreed almost exactly with the value obtained from the measurement for the gaseous substance. The difference between the molecular polarization and the electronic polarization is ca. 4 cc. It seems natural to attribute this value to atomic polarization.


A new method of extensometry using an X-ray beam was devised, and the results of current testing reveal it to be highly feasible. This technique has been shown to provide a non-contacting system that is immune to problems associated with density variations in gaseous environments, that plague currently available optical methods. This advantage is a result of the non-refracting penetrating nature of X-rays. The method is based on X-ray-induced X-ray fluorescence of targets, which subsequently serve as fudicial markers. Some target materials have melting points over 1600 degrees C which will facilitate measurement at extremely high temperatures. A highly focused intense X-ray beam, which is produced using a Johansen 'bent crystal', is then scanned across the target, which responds by fluorescing X-rays when stimulated by the incident beam. This secondary radiation is monitored using a detector. By carefully measuring beam orientation, change in target edge position can be determined. Many variations on this basic theme are now possible such as two targets demarcating a gage length, or a beam shadowing method using opaque targets.


In this study I explore children's working knowledge of narrative, scientific, and poetic genres. Fifty-four kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children composed original texts representing each of these genres. They also provided oral justifications for why each of their texts instantiated the designated genre. All texts were coded for the presence or absence of a variety of textural and structural features that are typically distributed differentially across the three focal genres. Analyses showed that participants had significantly more experience with narrative genres than either scientific or poetic genres and that they possessed significantly more working knowledge of narrative genres than the other focal genres. Additionally, participants possessed more knowledge of macro-level genre features such as text structure than microlevel features such as cohesion markers. The findings suggest that children develop increasingly differentiated and flexible repertoires of genre forms and functions. Comparing findings from this study with findings from other studies suggests that tasks and task contexts significantly influence how and to what extent children demonstrate their genre knowledge, that different tasks scaffold genre learning in different ways and to different degrees, and that children's imbalanced exposure to different genres may contribute to their differential knowledge of genres. The study contributes to theorizing genre learning as a complex, contingent, and emergent process of differentiation and integration.


Performing sprints on a sand surface is a common training method for improving sprint-specific strength. For maximum specificity of training the athlete's movement patterns during the training exercise should closely resemble those used when performing the sport. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of sprinting at maximum velocity on a dry sand surface to the kinematics of sprinting on an athletics track. Five men and five women participated in the study, and flying sprints over 30 m were recorded by video and digitized using biomechanical analysis software. We found that sprinting on a sand surface was substantially different to sprinting on an athletics track. When sprinting on sand the athletes tended to 'sit' during the ground contact phase of the stride. This action was characterized by a lower centre of mass, a greater forward lean in the trunk, and an incomplete extension of the hip joint at take-off. We conclude that sprinting on a dry sand surface may not be an appropriate method for training the maximum velocity phase in sprinting. Although this training method exerts a substantial overload on the athlete, as indicated by reductions in running velocity and stride length, it also induces detrimental changes to the athlete's running technique which may transfer to competition sprinting.


980 nm NIR excitation several upconverted emissions can be noticed, particularly the emission peaks at 345 and 362 nm in the UV as well as the peaks centered at 451 and 475 nm in the visible region. Our strategy to enhance the visible light emission with the hybrid gel under NIR exposure relies on the following consideration. Due to the spectral overlaps, upon NIR excitation, the UV light emitted from UCNP can be absorbed inside the gel by the CN-TFMBE nanofi bers and the visible light emitted from the aggregates of the gelator adds up to the visible light emitted directly from UCNP. In other words, UCNP in the NIR-responsive gel not only serves as a visible light emitter but also as the UV light source for the excitation of the gelator aggregates leading to more visible light emission. The effective use of UCNP as NIR-activated UV light source inside UVsensitive materials such as polymers, is now a well-established approach. [ 28 ]


This article provides an overview of eating disorders, and how dental nurses can aid in the management of their dental care


Cell isolation from macaque tissues involves laborious enzymatic digestion. The Medimachine provides a simpler, quicker non‐enzymatic method, yielding 1.5–5 million cells/g of vaginal or rectal tissue from pigtailed macaques.


488 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after oncologic surgery is a known risk and therefore guidelines recommend extended VTE prophylaxis up to 4 weeks for these populations. This prophylaxis is often costly and cumbersome to patients, as it requires self-injections with enoxaparin. The FDA has extended the indication for apixaban to include deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) prophylaxis in adults who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. The objective of this study was to identify safety concerns with using this prophylaxis for an extended time after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Methods: Patients from two institutions who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they were discharged from the hospital with at least 28 days of prophylactic apixaban 2.5 mg BID. Descriptive statistics are used to show patient and outcome characteristics. Results: As of October 2018, 12 patients met inclusion criteria for this study. The median age was 69.5 years (interquartile range: 64.75 to 74 years) and 11 (91.7%) of the patients were male. 3 (25%), 1 (8.3%), 2 (16.7%), 1 (8.3%) and 5 (41.7%) of the patients were pathologic stage T0, Tis, T1, T2, T3/4, respectively, and 2 (16.7%) had node positive disease. Seven (58.3%) of the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy. No patients were identified with a symptomatic or asymptomatic VTE during pre-operative work up or during post-operative stay. No major bleeding events or complications related to the anticoagulant were identified in any patient, and no patient has developed a post-operative VTE including DVT or PE to date. Conclusions: Apixaban is approved for prophylaxis in preventing VTE after major surgery in other surgical specialties. This report shows that in the early stages of investigation of post-discharge use of apixaban, no increase in complications or readmissions have been identified in patients who have undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. This safety, efficacy, and potential superiority needs further investigation.


Abstract As a solution to the restriction question for associate Morrey potentials (Question 1.1), this paper characterizes a Radon measure μ on ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} such that the Riesz operator I α {I_{\alpha}} maps the associate Morrey spaces H 1 p , κ ⊂ H p , κ {H^{p,\kappa}_{1}\subset H^{p,\kappa}} to the μ-induced Morrey spaces L μ q , λ ⊂ L μ , ∞ q , λ {L^{q,\lambda}_{\mu}\subset L^{q,\lambda}_{\mu,\infty}} continuously. The discovered restriction/trace principle (Theorem 1.2) is brand-new, and its demonstration is non-trivial.


The security problem of library information system in a network environment is increasingly apparent. The article brings forward the strategy of library' s network security from three aspects such as data system entrance, virus defense and long - distance administration and introduces,for the first time,the figure certificate into libraries.


Background It is unknown whether immunosuppression of patients who have developed interferon-β (IFN-β) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) hastens disappearance of NAbs in the blood. Objective We wanted to test whether immunosuppression with cyclic methylprednisolone (MP) in combination with azathioprine (AZA) for 6 months accelerates recovery of IFN-β bioactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with abolished in-vivo myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) mRNA response to IFN-β. Methods We included 13 patients with MS with NAbs and a low IFN-β bioavailability detected by the MxA-mRNA response in a descriptive, non-randomized trial. Another 14 NAb-positive patients with a low MxA-mRNA response served as controls. The primary outcome was the fraction of patients who regained an MxA-mRNA response to IFN-β. NAbs were measured by means of a clinically validated cytopathic effect assay and a new reporter gene assay. The in-vivo MxA-mRNA response was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 11 patients in the treatment group completed the trial. In all, two of these 11 patients regained an in-vivo MxA-mRNA response as compared to one of 14 patients in the control group. Conclusion Treatment with AZA and cyclic MP for 6 months has little or no effect on IFN-β bioactivity in NAb-positive patients with MS.


This paper attempts to examine the effect of Italian cinema on Iranian cinema in the area of the soundtrack. Here, the main question is how and what extent the potential impact of music in new wave of Iranian cinema to similar examples in Italian cinema. This paper by examining five soundtracks from each cinema studies each group's characteristics which provide overall results by comparing characteristics which provided in this perspective. It becomes clear that at least at three indicators of inner music of the characters, use of ambient sounds instead of music, and finally conscious removal of music, Iranian composers and directors have imitated Italian cinema in the obvious way.


Machine cam with precision ±0.005mm and coarseness 3.2μm machining rate 80mm 2/min by NC wire-cut machine tool in polar coordinates. The followed text enters its machining principle and programming means.


The utility model discloses a three-dimensional planting frame belonging to the technical field of plant cultivating devices. The three-dimensional planting frame comprises a planting frame body, a plurality of layers of sunshine planting areas for arranging planting boxes, and a plurality of layers of shade planting areas for arranging seedling trays, wherein the plurality of layers of sunshine planting areas are arranged in a step type structure, the shade planting areas are positioned on the rear sides of the sunshine planting areas, due to the design, the three-dimensional space can be fully utilized for planting plants such as vegetables, flowers and the like, the sunshine planting areas are arranged in a step type structure, so that the sufficient lighting effect of the sunshine planting area can be ensured effectively, the demands of sun plants can be met, meanwhile, the shade planting areas are positioned on the rear sides of the sunshine planting areas, so that the lighting time of the shade planting areas is reduced effectively, and the demands of the sciophilous plants can be met.


This proceedings article is a summary of results from work done in collaboration with Bu¯ gra Borasoy and Thomas Schaefer. We study nuclear and neutron matter by combining chiral effective field theory with non-perturbative lattice methods. We present results for hot neutron matter at temperatures 20 to 40 MeV and densities below twice nuclear matter density.


Gas turbine engines have offered advanced power generation with relatively small size on marine vessels. The operational flexibility has high control requirements for shaft speed regulation. Model predictive control provides a methodology for safe and efficient operation of gas turbines. However, when working at partial load, the controller degrades due to the mismatch between predictive model in model predictive control and dynamics of gas turbine. To deal with the issue of model adaptability in model predictive control, model compensation–based model predictive control is proposed for the gas turbine operation. The dynamics of the plant is modified by the extended state observer to get close to the pure integrator. The model predictive control is devised based on the modified plant. The wide-range load regulation and disturbance rejection of gas turbine have been improved by leveraging the benefits of model compensation–based model predictive control.


Bronchial web is a thin, membrane like diaphragm which may obstruct the airway. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is effective and relatively safe in treating the obstruction and narrowing in patients with large airway obstruction. A 50 year old woman with pneumonia was referred to our hospital. Her medical history included pulmonary tuberculosis, thirty years ago. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed endobronchial narrowing on the beginning of left main bronchus. Pulmonary function testing showed a restrictive pattern. Flow-volume curve characterized intrathoracic obstruction. Flexible bronchoscopy was performed for the evaluation of intrathoracic obstruction. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a bronchial web obstructing more than two-thirds of circumference of the airway on the left main bronchus proximal part. Endobronchial intervention was performed via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope with conscious sedation. A 22-guage Wang needle was used to make holes in the obstructing web, ascertaining the presence of distal airway by aspirating air with syringe. The argon plasma coagulator was employed via a flexible bronchoscope to coagulate, devitalize, and destroy the web obstructing bronchial tissue in the left main bronchus. Using APC for bronchoscopic dilation is a simple, nontraumatic, rapid method to dilate a stenosis and restore adequate airflow under the conscious sedation with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. In this case, bronchoscopic APC has been a more selective and curative approach to treat bronchial web without any complications.


Universities have been identified as the key to wealth creation of a country since they are the centre for the best mind of a country. University's profile as a non-profit organization has made the experts of certain fields of knowledge unknown to the industry and thus, their expertise were not fully utilised for the betterment of the society. This has been the case for the developing countries. However, there has been dramatic increase in awareness of the importance of university's involvement in production of new technologies and later on directly involved with commercialization of their research output. This development has called forth the emergence of entrepreneurial university. However, the cost of research and developing new technologies and later on presenting it for market purpose is a long-term process and needs an exorbitant fund. Therefore, collaboration between university and industry is seen as a better and faster approach to realize country's innovation spurt. Thus, industries are actively seeking to harness long-term research and development collaboration with the local universities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the university-industry collaboration framework and the barriers posed towards long terms and successful university-industry collaboration. This includes discussion on the ownership of intellectual property since this issue present as a fundamental factor that contributes towards disputes between parties. Best guidelines of university and industry collaboration practiced by few successful universities is also analysed as a guide for other universities to achieve similar success and thus precipitate the process towards entrepreneurial university as a hub for country's productivity through innovation and creativity.


In the experiment, eggshell color were detected respectively at 412 nm and 670 nm by the equipment ultra-violet Spectrophotometer. The relative content of the unit Porphyrin in the red blood-cell were detected by Capillary centrifuges and Spectrofluorimeter The results showed that the total eggshell pigments in the brown eggshells laid by brown layer showed significantly difference from those of the purple-eggshell pink-eggshell and white-eggshell (p﹤0.01) .The relative content of the unit Porphyrin in the four different color of red blood-cell were significant difference (p﹤0.01) And these results indicated that both porphyri and biliverdin in eggshell could derive from the same substance, hemachrome, upstream.The offspring were chose by the content of the unit Porphyrin in the four different color of red blood-cell.


This research paper presents a novel approach to smart home automation utilizing the ESP32, the Blynk app, and a manual switch. The system enables the control of 16 channel relays both online and offline while providing real-time tracking of their status. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a prominent research area in communication engineering, whereas wireless mesh networks, a long-standing network topology, remain underutilized. Mesh networks are widely employed in machine-to-machine communication and IoT devices as they facilitate local device-to-device communication without the need for a router. Many existing smart home automation systems face the challenge of decentralized connections, requiring repeated device connections for each room. This issue is particularly prominent in large houses or companies, making mesh networks an ideal solution. To address this gap, this paper introduces the application of mesh network technology in conjunction with the current IoT network. The system is designed, simulated, and implemented using cost-effective double-sided copper-clad flexible PCB substrates to achieve centralized control of automated devices. Experimental tests conducted with the fabricated PCB demonstrate real-time monitoring of connected appliances, as well as the collection of temperature and humidity data.


The Paleocene Kolosh Formation of Iraq is comprised of flysch deposit of sandstones, marls, shales, intraformational conglomerates and thin beds of arenaceous limestone, deposited in subduction trench, parallel to the suture zone formed by closing of the southern Neotethyan ocean and finally collision between the Arabian, Anatolian and Iranian plates, extended North West-South East, from Mushorah (NW) to Kashti (SW) (van Bellen et al., 1950 and Jassim and Buday, 2006) (Figure 1). Kolosh Formation is coeval with several other formations in other parts of Iraq. These formations are diachronous and define according to lithology. In north Iraq, it is pass to or inter-tongue with algal reef limestone (Sinjar Formation) and reef back reef deposit (Khurmala Formation) (van Bellen et al., 1959), moreover, a different set of paleocene formations are used in central, western and southern Iraq: Aaliji, Akashat and Umm Er Radhumma formations. The complex lithostratigraphy relationships between these units are not suitable for correlation and best resolved by biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.


Abstract Antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation is a major limitation for long-term survival of donated kidneys within the recipient allograft. With the existing HLA cross-matching test only complement activating donor specific antibodies are evaluated. Other measurements are more sensitive, but cannot assert the clinical relevance of the donor specific antibodies. Thus, novel methods that address the more complex nature of cellular interactions with serum components are needed to improve antibody-mediated rejection prediction. Recent studies suggest, that the interaction of natural killer cells of the recipient with endothelial cells of the donor is of major interest. Here we present a microfluidic cell culture device and a corresponding assay to test for the relevance of natural killer cell activated antibody-mediated rejection in vitro. Therefore, a protocol to co-cultivate both cell types and track natural killer cell activated killing within a fluorescence-based assay was established. To automate this approach, the prototype of a well plate sized microfluidic device was developed, that enables staining of the two cell types and repeatable and timedependent co-cultivation of the cells with serum. This automated approach enables further evaluation of the clinical relevance of the established assay paving the way to additional information on HLA cross-matching that helps to quickly estimate the probability of Antibody-mediated rejection and the clinical relevance of donor specific antibodies.


Simultaneous measurements of velocity and temperature fluctuations in the outer part of a heated circular jet discharged into still air may be in error as a result of reverse flow regions and the inevitable contamination of the cold (temperature) wire signal by the thermal wake of the hot wire. The error in mean and rms temperature is estimated for the case of two standard hot wire‐cold wire arrangements. At the half‐temperature radius, the mean and rms temperature are overestimated by about 16% and 46%, respectively. Conditional measurements of velocity fluctuations are also presented as a first attempt to obtain velocity statistics without the effect of reverse flow regions. Measured normalized moments of the velocity fluctuation are larger than the ''corrected'' values, the difference increasing with the order of the moment and with radial distance in the outer part of the jet.


In 2015, Lovejoy and Osburn discovered 12 q-hypergeometric series and proved that their Fourier coefficients can be understood as counting functions of ideals in certain quadratic fields. In this paper, we study their modular and quantum modular properties and show that they yield three vector-valued quantum modular forms on the group $\Gamma_0 (2)$.


The stability and electronic structure of a nanowire are studied by first-principles calculations. The wire consists of a single depassivated silicon dimer row on the hydrogen passivated Si~001! 231 surface. We predict that sodium atoms evaporated onto this surface stick preferentially at the depassivated row and partially fill the empty one-dimensional states of this row. This leads to a thin metallic wire of atomic size dimensions. At room temperature the sodium atoms are mobile along the depassivated row; they become immobile at temperatures below ;120 K. @S0163-1829~97!50328-6#


Artesian wells are sources of water from the late Pleistocene era. They are in common use in Krakow, in southern Poland, where five years ago limited studies were carried out, the results of which disputed the potability of water from some of the wells. This paper presents complex studies carried out at the end of 2012 concerning the pollution and composition of water samples from nine artesian wells. We studied smell and taste, color, turbidity and conductivity, pH levels, hardness, oxygen concentration and demand, total organic content, compound concentrations (NH4, NO2, NO3, Br, Cl, benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, toluene), element concentrations (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn) and the quantity of bacteria. In only one well was water fit for human consumption. In other cases, numerous parameters were above the permissible limits. Most often, the parameters of color, turbidity and concentrations of Fe and NH4 exceeded the acceptable levels. In one well the concentration of benzene also exceeded the maximum permissible level. The significance of the differences in the levels between wells shows that aquifers mix either very slowly or not at all.


This paper presents a step by step design of power amplifiers at 2.4 GHz (for WLAN applications) and on-chip linearization of these amplifiers. CMOS power amplifiers are designed at 2.4 GHz with output power ranging from 30 mW to 100 mW with efficiency varying from 20%-40%. Two or three stages are cascaded according to the gain and efficiency requirements. The topology used for 2.4 GHz amplifier is also verified as a part of an FM transmitter at 900 MHz. All these integrated power amplifiers are not intended to have a very good linearity. At the later part of this work, feedforward technique is used for linearization of a 2.4 GHz two-stage power amplifier in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS8 process. The power output of the linear amplifier (in push-pull configuration) is 17 dBm with 20% efficiency. The in-band non-linearity (from two-tone simulations) is given by 3/sup rd/ order inter-modulation product and is about 40 dBc. For on-chip combining, transformers and baluns are used. All the circuits are simulated using CADENCE tools (ICFB). Inductors, transformers and baluns are designed and simulated using ASITIC tools. The power amplifiers are currently under fabrication in CMOS8 (0.25 /spl mu/m) and CMOS9 (0.18 /spl mu/m) processes.


Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a valuable matrix factorization technique which produces a"parts-based"decomposition of data sets. Wi-Fi user counts are a privacy-preserving indicator of population movements in smart and connected urban environments. In this paper, we apply NMF with a novel matrix embedding to Wi-Fi user count data from the University of Colorado at Boulder Campus for the purpose of automatically identifying patterns of human movement in a Smart and Connected infrastructure environment.


The Zn isotopic compositions of ferromanganese nodules, sediment trap samples, sediments, and organic reference samples have been analyzed by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The range of isotopic variations (1‰ for 66Zn/64Zn) is significant with respect to the analytical precision (0.04‰ at the 95% confidence level). Marine argillaceous sediments show rather constant values consistent with those of continental shales and loess and with the value of a basalt from Réunion Island. We infer that the depletion of the light Zn isotopes in marine particles and in ferromanganese nodules (presumably equilibrated with seawater) results from biological activity in the upper water column. The δ66Zn values of sediment trap samples collected near the upwelling off the coast of Mauritania (central Atlantic) show a seasonal isotopic fluctuation consistent with biological pumping during the high‐productivity period. Higher values of δ66Zn in nodules appear to be associated with the amplitude of seasonal variations rather than with the mean values of the biological productivity.


Local and systemic side-effects of glucose remain major limitations of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Glucose transport during PD is thought to occur via inter-endothelial pathways, but recent data indicated that some glucose is transferred via facilitative glucose channels. Here we used BAY-876, a potent and highly selective blocker of facilitative glucose channel 1 (GLUT1), in an experimental rat model of PD using either 1.5% or 2.3% glucose fluid in a 1-h dwell. We also sought to elucidate whether diffusion of radiolabeled [18F]-deoxyglucose in the opposite direction (plasma → dialysate) is also lowered by selective/non-selective GLUT inhibition. Results show that selective GLUT1 inhibition markedly improved UF and enhanced the sodium dip, but no alterations in glucose transport or [18F]-deoxyglucose diffusion could be detected. Non-selective GLUT-inhibition using phloretin showed similar improvements on water and sodium transport, but also markedly decreased diffusion capacity for [18F]-deoxyglucose. We conclude that selective GLUT1 inhibition improved the UF efficiency in terms of mL of water removed per gram glucose absorbed by almost 70% for 1.5% glucose, implicating a role for GLUT1 in glucose mediated osmotic water transport in PD. Selective inhibitors of facilitative glucose transporter 1 may be promising agents to improve UF efficacy in patients treated with PD. Translational Statement Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited by systemic and local glucose toxicity. Here we used a highly selective inhibitor of facilitative glucose channel 1 (GLUT1) in a rat model of PD, and show marked, direct improvements in osmotic water removal (UF) per gram glucose absorbed. Inhibitors of GLUT1 may provide marked improvements in UF in patients on PD.


or late onset nephropathy. The present case had proximal tubular dysfunctions and a reduced glomerular filtration rate. Kidney biopsy confirmed AIN [2,3]. Functional improvement after prednisone treatment is typical of the TINU syndrome. However, stopping therapy may induce ophthalmological relapse [3]. TINU syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained tubulointerstitial nephritis, especially in the presence of ocular findings.


Congress directed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to create the Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) program to address the concerns of these citizens and, thereby improve community relations at Superfund sites. TAGs provide funding to allow affected residents to hire independent scientific and technical consultants to help them understand the issues at the site and better participate in remedy selection. This study will not directly assess the experience of Environmental Justice sites within the Superfund program. Rather, this study examines existing data on TAGs and the applicability of an expanded TAG program in addressing expressed Environmental Justice concerns. Specifically, the study compares the characteristics of sites with TAGs to a matched control group of sites/communities without TAGs. The study establishes a rigorous statistical baseline upon which it can evaluate the marginal contribution of outreach initiatives to the needs and concerns of minority and low income communities. The results of these analyses will serve as a foundation for evaluating proposed changes in the scope and emphasis of Superfund`s community relations and Environmental Justice outreach programs.


The object of the study is feeding preferences of sturgeon. It is established that the consumption of mixed fodder may be intensified by means of improving its quality. The most attractive for sturgeon are fodders including crustaceans. The authors describe the use of the sausage mixed feed VORZ-St with addition of hydrolyzate, made of gill-footed crustaceans, when feeding "wild" sterlet with artificial fodders. The application of VORZ-St reduces the time of fish adaptation to artificial fodders and increases the survival rate. The given feed scheme may be recommended for use at fish plants of the Russian South.


Acquired nonmalignant esophagotracheobronchial fistulas are rare. The chief causes are infection and trauma. The pathognomonic complaint is a strangulating sensation occurring several seconds after the ingestion of liquids or solids. Nine of the fistulas in our study were esophagotracheal and 27 were esophagobronchial. The fistula was delineated roentgenographically in every case in which radiopaque material was introduced into the esophagus. Bronchography should be used to exclude the presence of pulmonary complications which often develop during the course of this disease. These fistulas are best treated by direct surgical repair through a cervical or transpleural approach, depending on their location. The result was successful in 13 of the 14 patients treated by this method.


Several recent studies have called for the breakdown of' arbitrary distinctions between virtual and "face-to-face" classrooms' (Comeaux & McKenna-Byington 2003: 348; see also McDonald 2002; Rosset, Douglis & Frazee 2003; Morse 2003). In 2004 the Professional and Creative Writing discipline at Deakin University added Editing and Publishing (which had previously been available as on-campus-only units at our institution) to an established list of online postgraduate writing units taught via the auspices of the new (to our university) WebCT technology. This paper describes and evaluates our experience of challenging the 'arbitrary distinctions' between our two cohorts of students by incorporating blended and collaborative learning strategies into our course via two specific projects.


Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital valvular abnormality with less than 200 cases reported to date. The first QAV was reported in 1862 by Balington. Clinical manifestations of patients with a QAV depend on the functional status of the QAV and the associated cardiac disorders. Most QAV are asymptomatic and are incidentally found. Severe aortic regurgitation and/or stenosis can develop overtime, requiring aortic valve replacement or repair. Transesophageal echocardiography is the preferred modality to diagnose QAV. We present a case of QAV which was incidentally diagnosed in a 43-year-old woman who presented with gastroenteritis.


Based on monitoring fourteen effective rainfall events in Xiangjiang Road,Fengqiao Industrial Park in Suzhou,the characteristics of rainfall runoff pollution were studied.The results show that the water quality of runoff is worse.The median event mean concentrations(EMCs)of COD,SS,NH3-N,TN and TP are 119 mg/L,188 mg/L,2.30 mg/L,6.35 mg/L and 0.80 mg/L respectively,which exceeds the V criteria specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002).The pollution loads of COD,SS,NH3-N,TN and TP are 846,1 337,16,45 and 6 kg/(hm2·a)respectively,which are 2 to 7 times of those in foreign similar research reports.Compared to the other land use in China,higher SS load is the important character for the industrial park.The first flush effect is low.The correlations among different pollutants are significant.So the reduction of SS source can decrease the other pollutant loads.


Xing style poems in Zhu Xi's Commentaries on Poetry refer to the set of sentences with relative independence which are composed of Xing style and Ben Style.Xing refers to the connection between Xing sentence and Ying sentence.This feature of Xing style poems distinguishes itself from analogy and rhyme prose.Xing style with specific meaning employs four models of repetition,overlapping,transformation and antithesis while Xing style without specific meaning is embodied by means of contextual rhetoric interaction.This interactive feature is also reflected in the use of parallel sentence patterns and rhetorical devices.In Commentaries on Poetry,the interactive feature of Xing has not been recognized and thus has often been criticized and modified.


The paper proposes a new clustering approach based on genetic algorithms (GA) and devoted to improving energy efficiency in ad-hoc wireless sensor networks (WSN). A special designed MATLAB framework operates as test bench to evaluate different implementations. The solutions of the optimization algorithms provide the number of clusters along with the cluster structures. Real-time implementations of such algorithms justify the necessity to minimize their execution time. We have devised custom genetic operators in order to improve the GA convergence. The process of fine tuning of the GA parameters proved to be also extremely important. Intensive simulation studies have confirmed the validity and efficiency of the proposed solutions. Using our approach, we have improved the speed of convergence for the GA up to 50%, as compared with existing approaches, while reducing considerably the minimum communication distance in the ad-hoc WSN.


A potential, novel lubrication mechanism involving two-phase fluids and porous bearing materials is examined in this study both theoretically and experimentally. Lubricating oils with a secondary particulate phase have been considered operating in oil-saturated porous media with the elements of the particulate phase acting as one-way valves on the pores, blocking and unblocking them, depending on the direction of contact load. The goal is to enhance the lubrication, mainly in starved contacts and in some 'difficult' applications, as for example in big end bearings for marine engines. The theoretical part of this work deals with the mathematical analysis of an oil-saturated, porous slab, in contact with a solid sphere and lubricated with a two-phase oil containing thin and soft platelets. The problem is analysed using Biot's theory of consolidation in porous media. A subsequent study deals with the effects of the maximum contact load, size, and number of pores of the porous medium, elastic modulus of the medium, and the viscosity of the oil used to carry the particulate phase, on the lubrication performance of the system. Furthermore, a rig was built to study the concept on a macroscale and the results are reported in the paper. Both the theoretical and the experimental work gave good indications that the concept works, at least in some cases. Potential problems with application of this lubrication mechanism have also been identified and are briefly discussed in the paper.


The invention relates to a foldable vehicle tire comprising a carcass reinforcement (5) surmounted radially on the outside by a crown reinforcement (4) inextensible, itself radially inside a tread (2 ), said armatures (4, 5) each being composed of at least one layer of reinforcement elements, said tread (2) being connected to two beads (6) by means of two sidewalls (8), said beads (6) being intended to come into contact with a rim, each bead (6) having at least one circumferential reinforcement element (3), known as bead core, said bead core (3) defining a mean line forming a substantially closed circular curve in a circumferential plane. The bead core (3) of each bead (6) is flexible and comprises at least one concave portion P of smaller radius R and center of curvature C. The invention also relates to a folding method and use of the tire.


Simple Summary Appetite regulation is an important function necessary to maintain energetic balance, but how honey bees accomplish this could vary as they age because they go through a number of behavioral and physiological changes during development. Here, we determine if the amount of trehalose, which is a sugar found in the hemolymph of honey bees, influences appetite levels and if this interacts with the octopamine neurotransmitter in the bee brain. To accomplish this, we decreased trehalose levels in the hemolymph by injecting an inhibitor of trehalose synthesis. In addition, we increased octopamine levels in the brain by injecting it with a syringe. We found that octopamine and trehalose interact to increase appetite in the two older age classes of bees, beyond just treating the bees with octopamine. The youngest age class did not respond to either treatment. Our results suggest that older honey bees may have an alternative pathway for regulating appetite that uses sugar levels in their hemolymph to communicate to the brain how hungry they are and that octopamine is responsible for elevating appetite levels when the bee is hungry. This pathway is different from how vertebrates regulate their appetite levels based on glucose levels in the blood. Abstract There are multiple feedback mechanisms involved in appetite regulation, which is an integral part of maintaining energetic homeostasis. Older forager honey bees, in comparison to newly emerged bees and nurse bees, are known to have highly fluctuating hemolymph trehalose levels, higher appetite changes due to starvation, and higher octopamine levels in the brain. What remains unknown is if the hemolymph trehalose and octopamine levels interact with one another and how this varies as the bee ages. We manipulated trehalose and octopamine levels across age using physiological injections and found that nurse and forager bees increase their appetite levels due to increased octopamine levels in the brain. This is further enhanced by lower trehalose levels in the hemolymph. Moreover, nurse bees with high octopamine levels in the brain and low trehalose levels had the same appetite levels as untreated forager bees. Our findings suggest that the naturally higher levels of octopamine as the bee ages may result in higher sensitivity to fluctuating trehalose levels in the hemolymph that results in a more direct way of assessing the energetic state of the individual. Consequently, forager bees have a mechanism for more precise regulation of appetite in comparison to newly emerged and nurse bees.


One of the criticisms leveled against Dynamic Assessment (DA), with a robust theoretical foundation rooted in Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), has been its applicability in populated L2 classes. The present paper, therefore, aimed to explore the applicability of Peer-Dynamic Assessment (Peer-DA), as a novel approach to DA, to ameliorate this concern. In order to achieve the goal, 15 fourth-grade female Iranian high school students, aged 15-17, were assigned into trios groups. After having been instructed to know how to apply Peer-DA procedures in their groups during three sessions, they worked on ten reading texts during ten one-hour sessions held twice a week. When the participants were trying to comprehend the texts and learn the embedded vocabulary within the texts, their interactions were meticulously audio-recorded. Next, a number of episodes were selected, transcribed, and microgenetically analyzed. Analyzing the obtained revealed that not only does Peer-DA have the capability for diagnosing developing abilities but it also can improve the developing abilities in a much more efficient way. More importantly, it was demonstrated that if the principles and procedures of peer-DA be taught to L2 learners, they can be utilized by learners in large classes to facilitate language learning processes. The implications of the present study were discussed from a sociocultural perspective for both ESL/EFL teachers and learners.


Discriminating small moving objects in complex visual environments is a significant challenge for autonomous micro robots that are generally limited in computational power. Relying on well-evolved visual systems, flying insects can effortlessly detect mates and track prey in rapid pursuits, despite target sizes as small as a few pixels in the visual field. Such exquisite sensitivity for small target motion is known to be supported by a class of specialized neurons named as small target motion detectors (STMDs). The existing STMD-based models normally consist of four sequentially arranged neural layers interconnected through feedforward loops to extract motion information about small targets from raw visual inputs. However, feedback, another important regulatory circuit for motion perception, has not been investigated in the STMD pathway and its functional roles for small target motion detection are not clear. In this paper, we propose a STMD-based neural network with feedback connection (Feedback STMD), where the network output is temporally delayed, then fed back to lower layers to mediate neural responses. We compare the properties of the model with and without the time-delay feedback loop, and find it shows preference for high-velocity objects. Extensive experiments suggest that the Feedback STMD achieves superior detection performance for fast-moving small targets, while significantly suppresses background false positives with lower velocities. The proposed feedback model provides an effective solution for robotic vision systems to detect fast-moving small targets that are always salient and potentially threatening.


The review article highlights the views reflected in the recent clinical guidelines related to high-intensity statin treatment and non statin cholesterol lowering drugs in patients with very high cardiovascular risk after myocardial infarction and the purpose of therapy. The article tells about the approaches to controlling lipidogramic parameters after high-intensity statin therapy was prescribed and to the prescription of PCSK9 inhibitors (Alirocumab) after an acute coronary event. The report was compiled on the basis of the available materials from the national and foreign databases (e-Library, Library's MEDLINE/PubMed database).


Indicators to measure food poverty and undernourishment are useful for understanding food insecurity at national level and within countries. This paper discusses two indicators: proportion of undernourishment, and proportion of critical food poverty. Both indicators are based on nutritional underlying criteria and derived from food consumption and income data collected in national household surveys. Proportion of undernourishment is the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicator number 1.9, which is based on the distribution of dietary energy consumption (DEC); the proportion of critical food poverty is an indicator that links undernourishment to food poverty, based on the distribution of income (INC). The link is the concept of minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER) used in the FAO methodology as the cutoff value in the distribution of dietary energy consumption for estimating undernourishment. The critical food poverty line for estimating the proportion of critical food poverty is the critical income corresponding to the cost of the MDER, based on a balanced diet on energy-yielding nutrients accessible to low-income population groups. The macronutrient-balanced diet uses the recommendations of a Joint WHO/ FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (2002, Geneva) as its point of reference. Examples illustrate the results of both indicators for a sample of countries in different continents.


The card adapter for the connection to be used in the connector of the card slot according to the first specification, the connection to the card adhering to the standard of the second. The adapter comprises a first connector for a first size which is electrically connected to the connector of the card slot, a second and a second connector for standard, between the first signal and in accordance with the first signal and the standard of the second according to the standard of the and a signal conversion circuit for performing signal conversion in the. The first is the housing for supporting the connector, the second connector and the signal conversion circuit, a has a card retaining space for receiving a card accepting according to the second specification of the formed. The card retaining space, the card holds the card slot opening perpendicular to the direction in which the mounting direction to the card slot of the connection adapter.


Magnetic field noise from magnons can reduce the lifetimes of proximate spins and degrade the performance of spin based technologies. However, spatial and temporal averaging over the area of typical field sensors makes measuring magnetic field noise challenging. Here, we use an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) point-defects in diamond to measure the spectral profile of thermally excited spinwave noise at room temperature as a function of the distance away from a 20 nm thick Permalloy (Py) thin film. We systematically vary the separation between the NV and Py layers using a silicon-dioxide wedge and measure the longitudinal relaxation rate of the NV center ms = 0 state as a function of the separation. The measured spinwave-induced relaxation of an ensemble of NV centers is well described by a magnetostatic model of dipole fields from the spinwaves. We furthermore find that our all-optical, nonperturbative measurements of the spinwave noise can be used to extract information about the ferromagnetic source, such as magnetization, damping, and fluctuating amplitude. This technique is amenable to application with stand-off from ferromagnetic elements and from buried structures.


The field of proteomics has advanced considerably over the past two decades. The ability to delve deeper into an organism's proteome, identify an array of post-translational modifications and profile differentially abundant proteins has greatly expanded the utilization of proteomics. Improvements to instrumentation in conjunction with the development of these reproducible workflows have driven the adoption and application of this technology by a wider research community. However, the full potential of proteomics is far from being fully exploited in plant biology and its translational application needs to be further developed. In 2011, a group of plant proteomic researchers established the International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) to advance the utilization of this technology in plants as well as to create a way for plant proteomics researchers to interact, collaborate and exchange ideas. The INPPO conducted its inaugural world congress in mid 2014 at the University of Hamburg (Germany). Plant proteomic researchers from around the world were in attendance and the event marked the maturation of this research community. The Research Topic captures the opinions, ideas and research discussed at the congress and encapsulates the approaches that were being applied in plant proteomics.The field of proteomics has advanced considerably over the past two decades. The ability to delve deeper into an organism's proteome, identify an array of post-translational modifications and profile differentially abundant proteins has greatly expanded the utilization of proteomics. Improvements to instrumentation in conjunction with the development of these reproducible workflows have driven the adoption and application of this technology by a wider research community. However, the full potential of proteomics is far from being fully exploited in plant biology and its translational application needs to be further developed. In 2011, a group of plant proteomic researchers established the International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) to advance the utilization of this technology in plants as well as to create a way for plant proteomics researchers to interact, collaborate and exchange ideas. The INPPO conducted its inaugural world congress in mid 2014 at the University of Hamburg (Germany). Plant proteomic researchers from around the world were in attendance and the event marked the maturation of this research community. The Research Topic captures the opinions, ideas and research discussed at the congress and encapsulates the approaches that were being applied in plant proteomics.


It is important for passengers to trust their flight attendants, especially in case of an emergency. There is ongoing debate in India regarding trust and the lowering of retirement age, which is currently mandatory at 58 years in flight attendants. Some believe this is in order to acquire younger, more attractive flight attendants. The current study asked 384 Indians and Americans to rate their trust in flight attendants based on an emergency situation. Results showed that Indians trusted the younger flight attendants (25 years old) more than their older counterparts (55 years old). These findings have theoretical and practical implications in the ongoing debate. A future intention of the researchers is to conduct a mediation analysis to determine if affect is a possible mediator. This study looks to analyze the consumer's trust in flight attendants. It analyzes cross-cultural data from India and the U.S. Increases in scheduled flights have caused a shortage in the number of flight attendants. Passengers have the closest interaction with their flight attendants and therefore, understanding consumer perceptions is of utmost importance.


Previous in vitro and short termed in vivo animal studies showed that chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) inhibited osteoblast activity and stimulated osteoclast activity. However, Thai distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) patients have suppressed bone formation and bone resorption. The reason for this controversy is not known but it is possible that previous in vitro and in vivo studies may represent only an acute phase of bone response. Therefore, the objective of this study was to see if long termed CMA would induce bone changes similar to that observed in Thai patients. 8 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a control group and an acidosis group. The acidosis group was induced with 1.5% NH4Cl in drinking water for 2 weeks, 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months. Blood gas, blood chemistry and urinary ammonium excretion were used to validate metabolic acidosis. Calcium content was measured in the urine and bone samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone histomorphometry was determined using Osteomeasure software version 4.0. Metabolic acidosis was established by the plasma pH lower than 7.35, low HCO3 and high urine ammonium. Bone Ca content was lower, concomitantly with an increase in urine Ca content. Normal bone growth and bone maturation with age in the control group were reflected by tibial length, tibial ash weight, BMC and BMD which gradually increased, and became stable around 24 week of age. In the acidosis group, tibial length and ash weight did not change but tibial Ca content was reduced from week 2 of acidosis induction. Significant decreases in BMC and BMD in the acidosis group, when compared to the control group, were not detected until week 24. Bone histomorphometry showed that CMA induced bone loss by uncoupling bone formation and bone resorption i.e., enhanced bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. Bone response to CMA appeared as two phases. First, a rapid change in the first 2-8 weeks when tibial trabecular number was abruptly decreased by 23% due to marked increase in osteoclast number and eroded surface, while the osteoblast number was sharply reduced. In the second phase (week 8-40), the acidosis group showed no further increases in osteoclast number or eroded surface and bone formation rate remained significantly lower than that of the control group. In conclusion, the mechanism of bone loss in the CMA animal model was different from that in dRTA patient. In the present rat model, CMA did not affect linear bone growth, but CMA induced bone loss due to enhanced osteoclastic activity and suppressed osteoblastic activity.


Since the 1970's, great interest has been taken in the study of pure O-sequences, which are in bijective correspondence to the Hilbert functions of Artinian level monomial algebras. Much progress has been made in classifying these by their shape. It has been shown that all monomial complete intersections, Artinian algebras in two variables and Artinian level monomial algebras with type two in both three and four variables have unimodal Hilbert functions. This paper proves that Artinian level monomial algebras of type three in three variables have unimodal Hilbert functions. We will also discuss the licciness of these algebras.


ABSTRACT The self-concept is an image which an individual has of themselves (Burns, 1982). It is formed by a conceptualisation process (Kelly, 1955) which requires experiences for information. Much of the psychological development of a person is bound up with the emerging sense of self, but in spite of its importance, the phenomenon of the self is one of the most difficult to explain. Physical ability could be said to be crucial to the way an individual becomes conscious of and develops a unique separate identity. It facilitates conceptualisation by receiving stimuli, interpreting information and enabling response. It is also of paramount importance in the area of general mobility, maintaining body functions, and enhancing the whole early learning processes of social interaction, the building of self-esteem and the achievement of life goals. Other people's perception of an individual, and that individual's perception of themselves will be greatly affected by physical appearance as well as mental achieveme...